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[
{
"content": "What does it do?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Petrify. It turns the monsters into stone.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Literally?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, for like six seconds.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,600 |
[
{
"content": "Yeah, they had a dealership or-",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Oh yeah.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "The Fisker Karmas were parked-",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Is that like that with a flood in Jersey?",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,601 |
[
{
"content": "They don’t give a fuck out there.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "They’re very supportive.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "You can buy fireworks where, you know, your kids go to school.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You know, it’s dangerous.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,602 |
[
{
"content": "Absolutely. Yeah. I totally agree. And I think people are always talking about, like, oh, what’s the cathode going to be? Is it NCA or whatever? The thing to consider is just fundamentally what the nickel, the metals are capable of. And that’s what we have on the chart here. $/kWh cathode of just the metal using just LME, London Metal Exchange prices, versus the energy density of just the cathode. And you can see, nickel is the cheapest and the highest energy density. And that’s why increasing nickel is a goal of ours and really everybody’s in the battery industry.\nBut one of the reasons why cobalt is even used at all is because it is a very stable bookshelf. And the challenge with going to pure nickel is stabilizing that bookshelf with only nickel. And that’s what we’ve been working on with our high nickel cathode development, which has zero cobalt in it; leveraging novel coatings and dopants, we can get a 15% reduction in cathode $/kWh.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. Big deal.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "But it’s not just about nickel.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "So, in order to scale, we really need to make sure that we’re not constrained by total nickel availability. I actually spoke with the CEOs of the biggest mining companies in the world and said, “Please make more nickel; this is very important.” And so I think they are going to make more nickel. I think we need to have a kind of a three-tiered approach to batteries starting with iron, that’s kind of like a medium range, and then nickel manganese as sort of a medium plus intermediate and then high nickel for long-range applications like Cybertruck and the Semi.\nFor something like a semi-truck, it’s extremely important to have high energy density in order to get long range. And just to give sort of iron a bit more time, if you look at the watt-hours per kilogram at the cathode level of iron, it looks like nickel’s twice as good. But when you fully consider it at the pack level, everything else taken into account, nickel is about maybe 50 or 60% better than iron.\nSo, iron is a little better than it would seem when you look at it at the pack level fully considered. It’s not as good as nickel, nickel’s like 50 to 60% better, but it’s actually pretty good – good for stationary storage and for medium-range applications where energy density is not paramount. And then, like I said, for intermediate, it’s kind of a nickel manganese, and it’s a relatively straightforward to do a cathode that’s two-thirds nickel, one-third manganese, which would then allow us to make 50% more cell volume with the same amount of nickel.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,603 |
[
{
"content": "Probably separate them. Yeah.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I mean, how many are there in a cage, you know? I was like,…",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Right.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "…it’s going to be pretty intense.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,604 |
[
{
"content": "Laughs, it overlaps, but it’s not necessarily perfectly overlapping, with good vibes and celebrating others, for example. Not in a stupid, shallow, naive way, but in an awesome way. Something awesome happened, and you celebrate them for it. It feels that that is outweighed by shitting on other people. Now, it’s better than mainstream media, but it’s still…",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, mainstream media is almost relentlessly negative about everything. I mean, really, the conventional news tries to answer the question, what is the worst thing that happened on Earth today? And it’s a big world. So on any given day, something bad has happened.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "And a generalization of that, what is the worst perspective I can take on a thing that happened?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don’t know. There’s just a strong negative bias in the news. I mean, I think a possible explanation for this is evolutionary, where bad news, historically, would be potentially fatal, like there’s lion over there or there’s some other tribe that wants to kill you. Good news, we found a patch of berries. It’s nice to have, but not essential.",
"role": "assistant"
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]
| 1,605 |
[
{
"content": "…thereby elevating the role of the interviewer…",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes, exactly.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "…as the most important human in the room.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You know, it’s hard to come up with good questions. Absolutely. But yeah, the foundation of my philosophy is that I am curious about the nature of the universe. And, obviously, I will die. I don’t know when I’ll die, but I won’t live forever. But I would like to know that we are on a path to understanding the nature of the universe and the meaning of life and what questions to ask about the answer that is the universe. And so, if we expand the scope and scale of humanity and consciousness in general, which include silicon consciousness, that seems like a fundamentally good thing.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,606 |
[
{
"content": "But let’s stack up everything we just saw at the cell level. So just the cell form factor change enables a 14% $/kWh reduction, just that cell form factor change. And now that you’ve been teased on this factory, we’re going to go on and walk step-by-step through that factory and discuss a series of innovations there.\nWhen thinking about the ideal cell factory, we have inspirations behind us in the paper and bottling industry, wherefrom humble beginnings, over a century of innovation has enabled mass scale, continuous motion, unbelievably low manufacturing costs. And when we think about the lithium-ion industry, which is really only in its third decade of high-volume production, it has so far to go to achieve similar scale and simplicity. And that was the inspiration that we set out to the team as we thought about how to marry cell design and manufacturing in the best possible factory.\nAnd let’s talk a little bit about what’s in a cell factory. First, there’s an electrode process where the active materials are coated into films onto foils. Then those coated foils are wound in the winding process we just talked about where if you do have tabs, you have to start and stop a lot. Then the jelly roll is assembled into the can, sealed, filled with electrolyte, and then sent to formation where the cell is charged for the first time and where the sort of the electrochemistry is set and the quality of the cell is verified.\nAnd we set out at every step of this process to try to take that inspiration we just showed and think about how we make those processes fundamentally better and more scalable. And one of the most important processes is where it all begins, the wet process of the electrode coding. And just to give you all a sense of scale, I’m going to walk through what’s in that wet process.\nYou’ve got mixing where the powders are mixed with either a water or a solvent, solvents for the cathode. That mix then goes into a large coat and dry oven where the slurry is coated onto the foil, huge ovens, tens of meters long, dried, and that solvent then has to be recovered. You can see the solvent recovery system. And then, finally, the coated foil is compressed to the final density. And when you’re looking at this, you’re like, wow, that’s a lot of equipment for one step, especially when you consider that little spec next to the coating oven is a person. This is serious iron involved in making batteries.\nWouldn’t it be great if we could skip that solvent step, which is one of those dig a ditch, and then fill it kind of things where you put the solvent in and then take it out and recycle it, and just go straight to a dry mix to coat? And that’s what the dry process really is about. And in the most basic form, you can see it here on a benchtop, literally powder into film, as simple as that.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I mean, it’s hard actually, just to be clear. If this was easy, everyone would do it. It’s not like dry coating electrode is actually easy. It’s actually very hard to do what appears to be a simple thing. And it’s worth noting, we did acquire Maxwell a little over a year ago, I guess, and certainly a good company and everything. But the dry coating they had was like, it’s like a sort of, I would call proof of concept.\nSince the acquisition, we’ve actually ramped the machine that does dry coating four times, so a revision full post acquisition of the machine. And there’s still a lot of work to do. So I would not say this is completely in the bag. It’s still a lot of work to do. And as you grow, as you scale, go from benchtop to lab to pilot to volume production, there are actually major issues that you encounter at every level. It’s not like you make something work on your bench and bingo, now you can make a bazillion of it.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Absolutely.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s insanely difficult to scale up. Yeah.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,607 |
[
{
"content": "Spanish flu, something that attacks the immune systems of healthy people.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. Like killing large numbers of young, healthy people, define that as a high mortality. This is at least practice for something like that. And I think there’s – this given – it’s just a matter of time, that there will be eventually some such pandemic.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,608 |
[
{
"content": "Underground magnet roads?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. Otherwise, you’re going to really create a lot of trouble because there are metal things.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Oh. So, magnet road is the way to go, just underground.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "If you want to go really fast underground, you would be maglev in a vacuum tunnel.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,609 |
[
{
"content": "Yeah, we are.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "We’re one notch. One notch above the chimp.\nJoe Rogan: Some of us are a little more confused. When I watch you doing all these things, I’m like, how does this motherfucker have all this time and all this energy and all these ideas, and then people just let him do these things.\nBecause I’m an alien.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "That’s what I’ve speculated.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,610 |
[
{
"content": "Wow. I got one more…\n(asking Ester)\nHow are we doing on time? Where’s Ester? Oh, 9 o’clock. So how much time do you have? I want to make sure we don’t go over.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, I guess maybe another 15 minutes.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Okay. I’ll finish with one last question, and then we’ll open it up. What advice do you have for us at Khan Academy?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don’t know. You guys seem to be doing really great. I was wondering if you had advice for me.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,611 |
[
{
"content": "Oh, you mean the company donated? I understand what you’re saying.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "What I’m trying to tell you is that Twitter employees, people at Twitter, their political donations were 99%, literally 99% to Democrats. That’s obviously an extremely Left-leaning group.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "My question leading into this was about MAGA, and speaking of MAGA, you recently met with Donald Trump in Florida. What did you guys talk about?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I was at a dinner, it was not dinner, I was at a breakfast at a friend’s place and Donald Trump came by. That’s it.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,612 |
[
{
"content": "Yeah, I choose the Australian girl from Siri. I like her voice.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Do you want it seductive?",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "It’s my favorite. I like Australian.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "What flavor? Do what you want it to be angry. It could be anything.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,613 |
[
{
"content": "Right, yeah.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "And then, it’s be facing the sun all the time. Otherwise, your car could be in the shade. You know, it could be in the shade, it could be in a garage, or something like that.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Didn’t the Fisker have that on the roof? The Fisker Karma New Generation for — I believe, it was only for the radio. Is that correct?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, I mean, but I think it could like recharge like two miles a day or something.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,614 |
[
{
"content": "Let’s go to Twitter just for a minute. And we’ll go back to this stuff, which is more interesting to me.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I tried to get out of the deal.\n(imitates a scene from ‘The Godfather’)\nIt reminds me of the scene from The Godfather, basically.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "But you told me you wanted to be asked tough questions. So on Twitter…",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "What could possibly go wrong?\n(Laughter)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,615 |
[
{
"content": "Okay. Have you got any-",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s a great dog.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Other than the dog-",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s very alert, and it’s hard to get anything by him.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,616 |
[
{
"content": "But do you still have that kind of freshness when you use the car yourself? Or you have been used to that and lost the excitement?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You know, in my case, it’s a little tricky because I am always looking for what’s wrong. In order to make the car better, I always have to be actually thinking very critically. And so when I see the car, I see all the things that I think need to be fixed to make it better. And so it’s certainly easy to lose the sense of wonder or just see the flaws. But it’s a difficult thing to reconcile because if you want to make something better, then you must analyze it for the flaws. But then that kind of prevents the enjoyment of it. It’s a difficult dichotomy.\n(01:52 – 02:17)\nA documentary sequence about Elon Musk in Chinese, translation not available",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "It seems that you believe in the fact that we’re all going to drive electric cars, and maybe someday only by computers, not by human beings. Do you still believe in that?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, I think it’s fairly clear that, to me, at least, that all transport will go fully electric. It’s better for the world from an environmental standpoint and from an economic standpoint if we transition to electric transport sooner. It will help with pollution and global warming and all that stuff. And I do think we’re headed towards an age of autonomous transport where you know, you just summon the car with your phone or something and then get in, and you just tell the computer where you want to go, and it takes you there. It’s gonna happen very quickly, I think maybe in four or five years.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,617 |
[
{
"content": "They’ll change it right now. It’s probably already changed.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s locked. So, somebody has to be able to unlock it and change it to ‘magnet’. I want to be a magnet. No, I do engineering and manufacturing and that kind of thing. That’s like 80 % or more of my time.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Ideas and then the implementation of those ideas?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "That’s like hardcore engineering, like designing things. Structural, mechanical, electrical, software, user interface, aerospace engineering.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,618 |
[
{
"content": "And the average vehicle lasts 15 years. So we’re talking about 150 TWh, give or take, to transition the whole electric, all vehicles of all types, to electric.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. So it’s a lot of batteries, basically.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. And then on the grid side, we have a similar mountain to climb, 1600 times growth from today’s grid batteries to go a hundred percent renewable on the grid and to take all of the existing heating fossil fuel uses in homes and businesses, a hundred percent electric.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. And this number, I think, might grow even more. As the world economy matures, and as countries with high populations industrialize, we could see this number be even more. But let’s say it’s like roughly 20 to 25 TWh per year sustained for 15 to 25 years to transition the world to renewable. This is a lot.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,619 |
[
{
"content": "You don’t want to let up on the gas when you’re in a corner.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The problem with something where the engine is mounted over the rear axle or off the rear axle towards the rear is that your polar moment of inertia is fundamentally screwed. You cannot solve this. It’s unsolvable. You’re screwed. Polar moment of inertia, you’re screwed essentially if you spawn the car like a top, that’s your polar moment of inertia. You’re just — I promised I wouldn’t swear on this show, by the way.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Really?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,620 |
[
{
"content": "Everyone. We were… Bond is opening today. It’s my favorite movie, so I felt like I had to do something like that. Anyway, how you’re doing?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Good. How are you?",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Good. What’s the mood of Elon today?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The mood?",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,621 |
[
{
"content": "And a couple of months later in June, you’ve started, you want to finish it by July next year. We did a little tour this morning. It’s impressive how advanced it is, and it’s almost unbelievable. Germany, particularly Berlin, is not world-famous for finishing construction sites in time and in budget. So you have created a kind of Anti-Berlin-Airport-Project. Why Berlin? Why did you go to Germany and to Berlin to get that big project done?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sure. Well, first of all, I’m actually a big fan of Germany. I love Germany. It’s great. I have a lot of friends, German friends, and I think Berlin is a very fun city. There’s also from a location standpoint, like say, young people can live in apartments at a reasonable price in the city of Berlin. But if somebody has got a family, they can still have an affordable house. So it’s a good location offering good living for people of all ages and incomes.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Berlin’s mayor once said, „Berlin is poor but sexy.“ Is it that what attracted you?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. Berlin is not that poor, but it’s definitely sexy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,622 |
[
{
"content": "No, it won’t do it?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No. Actually, you have to…- it’s an Easter egg.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Oh, it’s an Easter egg.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, that’s why people don’t know about it. Including people that have the car. It’s like it can do lots of things, lots of things.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,623 |
[
{
"content": "How many of those can you put in there?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nice thing about tunnels is you can go 3D. So, you can go many levels.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Until you hit hell.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, but you can go — You can have 100 levels of tunnel. No problems.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,624 |
[
{
"content": "Oh, yes, no. We should do that. We’ll get to it later.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Exactly. So obviously, if you could make a capacitor that had anywhere near the energy density of a battery with this incredibly high power density and this quasi-infinite cycle and calendar life, then you’d have an awesome solution for energy storage and mobile applications. So I was going to sort of work on that and try to leverage the equipment that was developed for advanced chip-making and photonics to create ultra-precise capacitors at the molecular level.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "And this was when you were going to go into grad school? You had a brief stint at Stanford?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "That’s right.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,625 |
[
{
"content": "Kimbal, the night before you met the venture capitalist, you and I were (… 1:12:56) in two in the morning.\nNo, that was way later because we already had the deal. But we were not – I don’t know if you were, but I was not legally in America. So I was illegally there.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I was legally there. But I was meant to be student work. I had a student work visa.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "You were supposed to be doing a Ph.D. at Stanford and decided not to.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I was allowed to do work, sort of supporting, whatever, you know.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,626 |
[
{
"content": "They don’t give a fuck out there.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "They’re very supportive.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "You can buy fireworks where, you know, your kids go to school.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You know, it’s dangerous.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,627 |
[
{
"content": "It’s human nature.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "People don’t know what radiation is. I’ve had people ask me, “What about radiation from cellphones causing brain cancer?” I’m like, “When you say radiation, do you mean photons or particles?” They’re like, “I don’t know. What do you mean – photons, particles?” “Do you mean, let’s say photons – what frequency or wavelength?” And they’re like, “No, I have no idea.” “Do you know that everything’s radiating all the time?” They’re like, “What do you mean?” “Everything’s radiating all the time.” Photons are being emitted by all objects all the time, basically. And if you want to know what it means to stand in front of nuclear fire, go outside. The sun is a gigantic thermonuclear reactor that you’re staring right at. Are you still alive? Yes? Okay, amazing.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, I guess radiation is one of the words that can be used as the tool to fear monger by certain people. That’s it.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I think people just don’t understand.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,628 |
[
{
"content": "In terms of, like, ludicrous mode? In terms of, like, driving super fast and irresponsibly on public roads, is that what you’re saying?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, any car can do that.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. What can it do that I need to know about?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I mean, the Model X can do this\nballet thing to the Trans-Siberian Orchestra\n. It’s pretty cool.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,629 |
[
{
"content": "Yeah, but you can’t drill deep. It gets hot, right?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Earth is a giant ball of lava with a thin crust on the top, which we think of as like the surface, this thin crust. And it’s mostly just a big bowl of lava. That’s Earth, but 10,000 feet is not a big deal.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Have you given any consideration whatsoever to the Flat Earth movement?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I think that’s a troll situation.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,630 |
[
{
"content": "Yeah, right. They’re good for you too. All of them. All kinds of them.\nWhat do you see in terms of, like, when you think about the future of your companies, what do you see as bottlenecks? What do you see in terms of bottlenecks of things that are holding back innovation? Is it regulatory commissions and people that don’t understand the technology that is influencing policy? What could potentially be holding you guys back right now? Is there anything that you would change?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, that’s a good question. You know, I wish politicians were better at science. That would help a lot.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "That’s a problem.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,631 |
[
{
"content": "Yeah. There’s something amazing about it. It’s because it represents the human creativity. It’s not just electronic innovation. There’s something. It’s a person’s work in that.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "You don’t have a watch on.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,632 |
[
{
"content": "That’s nothing. And you think it’ll be a round trip? It won’t just be some type of permanent colony on Mars?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I think it’s probably a round trip. It’s not for sure.Aspirational, it’d be a round trip.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "This is mind-blowing. And then on Tesla. I mean, Tesla’s obviously, from my vantage, it’s a huge success. What do you think in that industry… well, I’ll ask kind of the same question. What did you think… this is something that GM and Toyota and these massive multi-billion dollar organizations have been trying. What gave you the confidence to pursue it? And now that it seems to be a huge success, where do you think this industry’s going to be the next 5, 10 years?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "With Tesla, the goal is to try to accelerate the advent of sustainable transport. I think it would happen anyway, just out of necessity. But because we have an un-priced externality in the cost of gasoline… – We weren’t pricing in the environmental effects of CO2 in the oceans and atmosphere. That’s causing the normal market forces to not function properly.\nAnd so the goal of Tesla is to try to act as a catalyst to accelerate those sort of normal forces. The normal sort of market reaction that would occur. We’re trying to have a catalytic effect on that. And try to make it happen, I don’t know, maybe ten years sooner than it would otherwise occur. That’s the goal of Tesla. So that’s the reason we’re making electric cars and not any other kind of car. And we also supply powertrains to Toyota and to Mercedes and maybe to other car companies in the future to accelerate their production of electric vehicles. So that’s the goal there. And so far, it’s working out pretty well.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,633 |
[
{
"content": "I honestly don’t use… honestly, I don’t-",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You can’t name a single example.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "I’ll tell you why, because I don’t actually use that For You feed anymore because I just don’t particularly like it. Actually, a lot of people are quite similar. I only look at my following.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You said you’ve seen more hateful content, but you can’t name a single example, not even one.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,634 |
[
{
"content": "Wow. This is no vaporware.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s just like, driving this giant truck and making these mad maneuvers.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "This is cool. OK, from a really badass picture to a kind of less badass picture. (Showing) This is just a cute house from “Desperate Housewives” or something. What on earth is going on here?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, this illustrates the picture of the future that I think is how things will evolve. You’ve got an electric car in the driveway. If you look in between the electric car and the house, there are actually three Powerwalls stacked up against the side of the house, and then that house roof is a solar roof. So that’s an actual solar glass roof.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,635 |
[
{
"content": "Right. Some people are just assholes. They take advantage of our generous nature.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It was made with a wine stem. Made with a handle.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "They made it that way?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes. They’re manufactured like that.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,636 |
[
{
"content": "You said you learned your lesson. What did you learn?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I said I learned my lesson?",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "You said you learned your lesson when you apologized and you said you went to Auschwitz. You saw what…",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No, I was already aware of these things and the nature of my comment that really inflamed people, what I was trying to say, and I did very quickly clarify this, this is what I’m saying, is that a number of prominent Jewish philanthropists fund groups that they should really take a closer look at funding because some of the groups they fund, I think, are antisemitic.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,637 |
[
{
"content": "…four, three, two, one, boom. Thank you, thanks for doing this, man. I really appreciate it.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hey, you’re welcome.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "It’s very good to meet you.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nice to meet you, too.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,638 |
[
{
"content": "And, well, I mean, similar thing. How did you start? What gave you the confidence? And do you see yourselves as kind of a major automotive, mainstream brand in five, ten years, all the way down to competing with the Honda Accords and Civics?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I mean, yeah. Our goal, it’s not to become a big brand or to compete with Honda Civics, rather to advance the cause of electric vehicles. We’re just going to keep making more and more electric cars and driving the price point down until the industry is very firmly electric. Like maybe half of all cars made are electric or something like that, which is not to say that we expect to make half of all cars. We want to just have that catalytic effect until at least that occurs. The point at which we’re approaching half of all new cars made are electric, then I think I would consider that to be the victory condition. The faster we can bring that day, the better.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "When would be your guess when that happens?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, I made a bet with someone about three years ago that it would be sooner than 20 years. So it’s 17 years from now. But that’s conservative. I think it’s probably maybe 13 or 14 years.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,639 |
[
{
"content": "Alright. But there’s some other good things in this bill, some would argue. I mean, a lot of money you’re marked for R&D. Would you want to put that toward something?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Okay. All right. All right, we’re gonna move on from the bill because I think we get what you are saying on it.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In general, if you don’t cut government spending, something really bad is going to happen. This is crazy. Our spending is so far in excess of revenue; it’s insane. Like, you could zero out all billionaires in the country… there’s almost like anti billionaire bs. Well, if you’d zero out all the billionaires, you still wouldn’t solve the deficit.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,640 |
[
{
"content": "And they’re actually being produced right now.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "They’re in production already.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "You guys put out this video. (Showing video) I mean, is that speeded up?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "That’s the slowed-down version.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,641 |
[
{
"content": "Great. ‘Everyday Tesla’ asks, “How big is the Neuralink team? And how much do you expect it to grow in the near future?”",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "There are about 100 people right now. I think, over time, there might be 10,000 or more people at Neuralink. So I think, couple orders of magnitude – one of my favorite phrases. Yeah, just you know, couple orders of magnitude – there we go. So, probably the number of electrodes will grow with the number of people at the company.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "That’s a super linear relationship.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, we might need a million people in the company then. Yeah, more, even more. Ideally, like, super linear.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,642 |
[
{
"content": "Hi Elon, Josh Phillips here, retail investor. I have a question in regards to the lithium and nickel industries and the likely price spikes and shortages of high-grade materials the EV industry is likely to see if they don’t act fast to address future supply. Tesla has clearly made the right moves that are necessary, but there’s a real worry that the potential supply issues and price spikes will create a drag on the rest of the EV industry and, therefore, a drag on global EV adoption. What advice would you give to the EV and mining industries to quickly solve this looming hurdle? Because for a sustainable energy future, the\nspice\nmust flow. Thank you.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, indeed. The spice must flow. The new spice. I don’t know. I’m not sure. I guess we can try to basically overdo it in cell production and perhaps supply cells to others, but we do see the fundamental constraint as total cell production. That’s why we’re putting so much effort into making cells and try to reinvent every aspect of cell production, from mining the ore to a complete battery pack, because it’s the fundamental constraint.\nWe’re not getting into the cell business just for the hell of it; it’s because it’s the fundamental constraint. It’s the thing that is the limiting factor for rapid growth. But we could certainly try to overdo it on cell production and perhaps sell cells to others, although we are going at absolute top speed, so it’s not like we’re holding it back.\nI think just making really efficient cars that have lower drag coefficient, low rolling resistance, efficient powertrains – I mean, that’s kind of what we’ve done in order to make iron phosphate still have a good range. So the iron phosphate’s a lower energy density solution, but while there are some limitations on the total amount of nickel produced every year, there’s really no limit on the iron. There’s so much iron it’s ridiculous. So you can really scale up iron phosphate at a raw materials basis, more than you can nickel.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "And just to point out, when we were walking through this presentation, we intentionally separated all the different aspects. The benefits of structural batteries apply to an iron-based cathode in the same way they apply to a nickel-based cathode. So you get longer range, iron-base vehicles. And also, the silicon benefit can apply to the iron-based vehicles as well. So we can do a lot to extend the range of an iron-based vehicle, which is why it’s a key part of the roadmap going forward. And then I invited Turner up here\n(on stage)\nto talk about what the mining industry can do.\nYeah. Diversification on the cathode side is obviously massive, and EVs are all about efficiency. And so for the EV industry, for the vehicle industry, we need to see powertrain efficiency really increase at all other companies, matching Tesla powertrain efficiency, so that everyone can have that diversified cathode approach, where\nLFP\nis used in medium range, and even really make a 300-mile vehicle with LFP.\nAnd really, the goal that we were trying to present here was a model for vertical integration, strategic vertical integration, that a lot of different people can do. What we need to see is vertical integration that shortens the process path, from mine to cathode. And what we’re doing here is novel, and we’re trying to push the industry in that direction. So we’re presenting a model here that anyone can follow.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "(to the team on stage)\nYeah. In fact, if there’s anything that you guys want to comment on, feel free to step forward and say something.\nSpeaker A on stage:\nI think the key is to be smart about your chemistry choices, your materials choices.\nTalk louder.\nSpeaker A on stage:\nYeah. If you’re smart about your materials choices, the spice will continue to flow. You don’t need to use the same kind everywhere. It’s about strategically planning it out, and for miners, I think we are incentivizing them quite a bit to ramp up their production.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,643 |
[
{
"content": "Yeah. I’ve read all this stuff about them diagnosing people as a Covid death despite other variables.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "This is not a question. This is what is occurring.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "And where are you reading this from? Where are you getting this from?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The public health officials have literally said this. This is not a question mark.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,644 |
[
{
"content": "And we’ve actually spoken to an engineer who works at Twitter and they said that the plumbing is broken here and it’s on fire and there could be problems at any minute. Do you accept that?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I mean, there have been a few outages, but not for very long. It’s currently working fine.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "So it doesn’t keep you up at night that Twitter might go offline again?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "At this point I think we’ve got a pretty good handle on what makes Twitter work. And we’re also doing it with two data centers instead of three. So we used to have three data centers. We shut down one of them. So we actually have roughly two-thirds of the prior compute capability. But we’ve made so many improvements to the core element. In some cases we improved the core algorithm by 80%. So the actual CPU usage or computer usage is dramatically less.\nBut the results speak for themselves. The system, despite being at all time highs of usage, is fast, it’s responsive. It’s more responsive than it was before the takeover. And we’ve also added long form tweets, you can now post videos up to two hours and certain videos of any length. We’re rolling out our subscriber programs so content creators can actually make a living on Twitter by having some of their content behind the paywall.\nAnd we’ve open- sourced the algorithms. So there’s transparency about what tweets get shown, what content gets shown versus not. What are you really going to trust? Are you going to trust some sort of black box algorithm from some other site? Or are you going to trust something that you can actually see and understand?",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,645 |
[
{
"content": "I guess, I mean, that’s actually a really good example, because that leads into what I’ve always been fascinated by a lot of what you’re doing. Well, I’ll start with, how did you get into this?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Into cars?",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Into cars. Into taking over NASA. Well, not taking over NASA – being a contractor for NASA.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Just for the record, we are not taking over NASA.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,646 |
[
{
"content": "So you were pissed.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Does this sound maybe a little biased or something? You know, just, it’s not the friendliest administration. Seems to be controlled by the unions as well (…).",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "So you (…) Trump back?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Uh, no.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,647 |
[
{
"content": "No talking anymore in five years.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Best case scenario, but ten years is more likely.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "I’ve always speculated that aliens could potentially be us in the future because if you look at the size of their heads and the fact that they have very little muscle, they don’t use their mouth anymore. They have this tiny little…- I mean the archetype of an alien that you see in like “Close Encounters of the Third Kind” – they’re like if you went from Australopithecus or ancient hominid to us, what’s the difference? Less hair, less muscle, bigger head.\nAnd then just keep going. A thousand, a million, whatever years; or five years, whatever. Whatever happens when Neuralink goes on online, and then we slowly start to adapt to this new way of being where we don’t use our muscles anymore. We have this gigantic head; we can talk without words.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You could also save state.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,648 |
[
{
"content": "Alright, so the last one is Starship.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sure.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Because there’s a lot happening in 2022 on Starship, right?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes. Starship is a hard, hard, hard, hard project. This is the biggest rocket ever made. It will have thrust and mass double that of a Saturn 5, which is the largest rocket to reach orbit and is intended to be fully and rapidly reusable. This is a profound… if we are successful with this, which I think we will be, but I don’t know if we’ll be there in 2022 – I hope so. This is a profound revolution in access to orbit. There has never been a fully reusable orbital launch vehicle.\nThis is the holy grail of space technology. It is the fundamental breakthrough that is necessary for humanity to become a spacefaring civilization. Yeah, this absorbs more of my mental energy than probably any other single thing. But it is so preposterously difficult that there are times where I wonder whether we can actually do this.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,649 |
[
{
"content": "But by looking at the sequence of images… You’ve agreed with recently where he talked about LLM forming a world model, and basically language is a projection of that world model onto the sequence of letters. And you saying-",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It finds order in these things. It finds correlative clusters.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "And in so doing, it’s understanding something deep about the world, which is… I don’t know, it’s beautiful.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "That’s how our brain works.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,650 |
[
{
"content": "Right.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "And I, actually, had this conversation at dinner several years ago with a district attorney. I was like, „Man, it must, sometimes, seem pretty, pretty dark because, you know, man, there’s some terrible human beings out there. And he was like, „Yup.“ And he was like dealing with some case, which consisted of a couple of old ladies that would run people over somehow for insurance money. It was rough. Like, „Wow, that’s pretty rough.“ It’s hard to maintain faith in humanity if you’re a district attorney, but, you know, it’s only a few percent of society that are actually bad.\nAnd then if you go to the worst, say 0.1% of the society of the worst, one in a thousand, one in a million, you know. Like how bad is the millionth worst person in the United States? Pretty damn bad. Like damn evil. One in a million of evil is so evil; people cannot even conceive of it. But there are 330 million people in the United States. So, that’s 330 people out there somewhere. But by the same token, there are also 330 people who are incredible angels and unbelievably good human beings on the other side.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "But because of our fear of danger, we tend to — our thoughts tend to gravitate towards the worst-case scenario. And we want to frame that. And that’s one of the real problems with prejudice; whether it’s prejudice towards different minorities, or prejudice towards police officers, or anything, it’s like we want to look at the worst-case scenario and say, „This is an example of what this is all about.“\nAnd you see that even with people, how they frame genders. Some men frame women like that. They get ripped off by a few women, and they decide, „All women are evil.“ Some women get fucked over by a few men, „All men are shit.“ And this is very toxic.And it’s also — It’s a very unbalanced way of viewing the world, and it’s very emotionally based, and it’s based on your own experience, your own anecdotal experience. And it can be very influential to the people around you, and it’s just a dangerous way. It’s a dangerous thought process and pattern to promote.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It is. It is a very dangerous pattern. I really think people should give other people the benefit of the doubt and assume that they are good until proven otherwise. And, I think, really, most people are actually pretty good people. Nobody’s perfect.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,651 |
[
{
"content": "And that in his day, there were a million people like him who were radically innovative.It was a weird dream, man. It was so strange. And I’ve had it more than once.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "That would result in a very rapid technology innovation. That’s for sure.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "It’s one of the only dreams of my life I’ve had more than one time.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Okay, wow.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,652 |
[
{
"content": "I mean, I guess taking your argument to a logical conclusion, then, do you accept that there’s more misinformation on the platform if it’s not being policed in the same way?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I actually think there’s less these days because we’ve eliminated so many of the bots which were pushing scams and spam. And previously, previous management turned a blind eye to the bot because their bonuses were tied to user growth. And if your compensation’s tied to user growth, well, you’re not going to look too closely at some of the users. That’s part of the problem. So I think we’ve got less misinformation because we don’t have one problem that we used to do. And we also have given a lot of attention to community notes, which corrects, with community itself, corrects misinformation. It’s been very effective.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "I mean, I would only just add that we have spoken to people who have been sacked that used to be in content moderation, and we’ve spoken to people very recently who were involved in moderation, and they just say there’s not enough people to police this stuff, particularly around hate speech in the company. Is that something that you want to address?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "What hate speech are you talking about? I mean, you use Twitter.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,653 |
[
{
"content": "Kimbal!\nYeah, what are you guys doing?\nWe’re recording a podcast.\nYeah. How do you want me to join?\nYeah, pull up a chair.\nSo, what do you remember about Zip2?\nYeah.\nSo – but then the internet came along, we had this huge thing. I mean, it was always there, but it became a big deal. And then Elon was working in Silicon Valley. And as I remember it, Elon and I’ve heard about a meeting where some of the Yellow Pages companies were thinking of doing sort of online Yellow Pages, and…",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No, (… 1:01:07)",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "I don’t know –\nit’s a long time ago. You called me up, and you said you think you can do a better job.\nMaybe you made that up to try and get Kimbal interested?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "How would I have been in a meeting with Yellow Pages Com?",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,654 |
[
{
"content": "Well, they do now.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes. There’s so many things about the Model X, and the Model S, and the Model 3 that people don’t know about. We should probably do a video or something to explain it because I have close friends of mine, and I say, „Do you know the car can do this?“ and they’re like, „Nope.“",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Do you want to do a video of that? Do you like the fact that some people don’t know?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No, I think it’s probably not. We should tell people.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,655 |
[
{
"content": "But you accept that misinformation can be dangerous, that it can cause real-world harms, that it can potentially cause-",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. So the point I’m trying to make is that BBC itself has at times published things that are false. Do you agree that that has occurred?",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "I’m quite sure the BBC have said things before that turn out to not be true.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Correct.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,656 |
[
{
"content": "And the vertical integration with the machine design teams at Grohmann and Hibar and others allows us to really accomplish that because we don’t have any of these edge conditions between one piece of equipment and another. We can design the entire machine to be one machine and remove all of these unnecessary steps.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. I mean, basically, Tesla is aiming to be the best at manufacturing of any company on Earth. This is the thing that’s actually most important in the long run, I think, just from a company standpoint and from basically achieving sustainability as fast as possible. But I think also for long-term competitiveness. Eventually, every car company will have long-range electric cars. Eventually, every company will have autonomy, I think. But not every company will be great at manufacturing. Tesla will be absolutely head and shoulders above anyone else in manufacturing; that is our goal.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Manufacturing is hard and hard problems are fun to solve. Okay. Now let’s talk about formation. In a typical cell factory, formation represents 25% of the investment. And what is formation? Is it’s charging and discharging cells and verifying the quality of the cell. It turns out we’ve charged and discharged billions and billions of cells in our vehicles, so we know a thing or two about that.\nThe typical formation setup is you charge and discharge each cell individually. In our car, we charge thousands of cells at once. And we took our principal and our power electronics, leveraging Powerwall vehicle battery management systems and others to dramatically improve the formation equipment cost-effectiveness and density. 86% reduction in formation investment, 75% reduction in footprint.\n(to Elon) You want to take this one?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sure. So essentially, what this translates to based on what we know today is about a 75% reduction in the investment per kilowatt-hour. Or gigawatt-hour. It’s just basically four times better than the current state of the art to the best of our knowledge. And I think there’s probably room to improve even beyond that.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,657 |
[
{
"content": "So it doesn’t keep you up at night that Twitter might go offline again?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "At this point I think we’ve got a pretty good handle on what makes Twitter work. And we’re also doing it with two data centers instead of three. So we used to have three data centers. We shut down one of them. So we actually have roughly two-thirds of the prior compute capability. But we’ve made so many improvements to the core element. In some cases we improved the core algorithm by 80%. So the actual CPU usage or computer usage is dramatically less.\nBut the results speak for themselves. The system, despite being at all time highs of usage, is fast, it’s responsive. It’s more responsive than it was before the takeover. And we’ve also added long form tweets, you can now post videos up to two hours and certain videos of any length. We’re rolling out our subscriber programs so content creators can actually make a living on Twitter by having some of their content behind the paywall.\nAnd we’ve open- sourced the algorithms. So there’s transparency about what tweets get shown, what content gets shown versus not. What are you really going to trust? Are you going to trust some sort of black box algorithm from some other site? Or are you going to trust something that you can actually see and understand?",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "But do you accept that there are lots of engineers that are looking at the way that Twitter is built, and the lack of engineers because so many have left and are worried about the health of Twitter?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, many of these people have predicted that Twitter will cease to function. Their predictions have not turned out to be true. Insert Mark Twain saying, “Rumors of my death are greatly exaggerated.”",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,658 |
[
{
"content": "There’s a great movie to be made here somewhere. I don’t know what it is and I don’t know that it ends well, but it’s a great movie.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s quite bizarre test-driving, when I was driving the test prototype for the first truck. It’s really weird because you’re driving around, and you’re just so nimble, and you’re in this giant truck.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Wait, you’ve already driven a prototype?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, I drove it around the parking lot, and I was like, this is crazy.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,659 |
[
{
"content": "Okay. Great. Yeah.\nThank you. Markus Essing, Philip Morris.\nMarkus Essing, CEO Philip Morris\nWe have been formulating a quite, I think ambitious, not very humble vision to lead the way into a smoke-free future, which is, I think, pretty bold. Your vision, I think what I learned is also goes beyond electric cars. It considers the transition to renewable energy, which I find super inspiring, and the most important thing to me or to my kids. What do you think is needed?\nOn the one hand, do we look at the, let’s say, green energy options that we know today, like sun and wind? And is it decentralized? Or would you build such an inspiring plant, as we have seen today, in a place where there’s a lot of sun or wind? Or do you even look at totally new energy sources that go beyond that?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I mean, I feel quite comfortable in predicting that the vast majority of Earth’s electricity generation will be solar and electric, solar and wind, I should say. Wind has actually been… – I’ve been surprised just how good wind has gotten. Wind power is extremely low cost. In fact, a lot of the best wind turbines are made in Germany. So, the numbers are extremely good.\nThat needs to be paired with large battery packs in order to buffer the wind power because the wind speed changes. And sometimes it doesn’t blow wind. But people want steady electricity; they don’t want to have just have electricity when the wind’s blowing. So, you have to pair wind turbines with large battery packs. And the same is with solar. You’ve got to buffer the solar panels. Obviously, it’s no sun at night, and sometimes it’s very cloudy.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Do you see the growing electronic car fleet as a buffer for that to be connected to the network, or is that unrealistic?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I mean, I certainly could be wrong about this point. The early Roadsters we made had vehicle-to-grid capability, but nobody used it. So we, you know, it costs some money, nobody was using it, so we turned it off. We can easily turn it back on right now. And actually easy, especially in Europe, because of the way the connectors work. A little more, we need like a maybe $100 accessory to be able to do this in the US.\nBut I really think people want to have a home-based battery…- like, I think the future that I see most likely is solar on the roof. So, either where the roof itself, this roof tile itself, are solar generating or solar panels retrofit on an existing roof combined with a local battery, we have a product called the power wall, it’s very popular. And then you need to combine that with grid-level solar and wind. And then we have a long-distance high-voltage DC connection.\nHigh voltage DC is extremely efficient at transferring electric power. No need for superconductors, in my view. The energy penalty for long-distance electricity transmission is I²R, so it’s the current squared times resistance. If you just increase the voltage, you can have the current be low , and then your I²R heating is low. So you have a high voltage, low current, you can transport a tremendous amount of electricity with very tiny losses. You still need to compare it to pair that.\nI think there’s other sources like hydro, geothermal. I’m actually not against nuclear. I know that some people don’t like nuclear. But I think actually, nuclear in a situation where there’s not natural disasters, is actually fine. I don’t think you want to have nuclear in a place that has lots of earthquakes or tsunamis or something like that, or big hurricanes with a name. But in places where natural disasters are not a concern, I think nuclear is very safe.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,660 |
[
{
"content": "So is it 12 years of schooling you are with, or without 12 years?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Twelve years is a long time, I suppose. I mean, humans just do take a long time to mature, so there’s emotional maturity, physical maturity, and mental maturity that is happening simultaneously with the education. I suppose it could be done in ten years, perhaps it does not need 12. But then, is someone mature at age 16? They’re more likely to be mature at age 18. So I guess 12 years is probably not bad. We probably don’t need an additional four or five or six years in college or university, that seems probably excessive. I think we could probably shave a few years off and be fine.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Kids would love it, by the way. Social media: We spend so many hours on social media. I mean, the average sometimes in certain countries is three, four hours on social media. And sometimes, when we go to our kids, we see them spending also long hours. Do you have any rules for your kids, I mean, how much they can spend on social media?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I’ve fairly not tried to restrict social media for my kids, although that might have been a mistake, depending on which kid it is. I mean, they’ve really been programmed by Reddit and YouTube, I’d say. More than anything else, by Reddit and YouTube. I think probably I would limit social media a bit more than I have in the past and take note of what they’re watching because I think, at this point, they’re being like programmed by some social media algorithm which you may or may not agree with. I think one probably needs to supervise children’s use of social media and be wary of them getting programmed by some algorithm written in Silicon Valley, which may or may not be what you want.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,661 |
[
{
"content": "Well, from a martial arts perspective is the fascinating strategy.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The nut rougher.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "I wonder which of the martial arts teaches that one.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I think it’s safe to say if somebody’s got your nuts in their hands and as the option of roughing them off, you’ll be amenable to whatever they want.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,662 |
[
{
"content": "Okay. So there’s a blanket ban.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I should. I shouldn’t, I shouldn’t.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "What are your Twitter rules? I’ve heard some people say never tweet when you’ve been drinking or never tweet when angry. What are your Twitter rules?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, I think those are two good rules. Yeah, don’t tweet if you’re wasted or really upset about something. Yeah. A good friend of mine actually had a good suggestion and it has helped, which is that if you’re going to tweet something that maybe it’s controversial, save it as a draft and look at it the next day and you see if you still want to tweet it. That has been a good rule of thumb. So I’ve got a bunch of things in my folder that I’m glad I didn’t say.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,663 |
[
{
"content": "Oh. So, you get that kind of fake Spanish-looking thing. I like that.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "That’s French slate.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "That’s why people in Connecticut are smoking pipes. Look at that one.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,664 |
[
{
"content": "Yeah, elective is a weird word.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Elective. It’s not like…- this isn’t like plastic surgery.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Right, right.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s more like my hip is…- I’m in extreme pain because my hip’s blown out or my knee, and I don’t want to go to the hospital. I can’t go to the hospital. People are in extreme pain, people that need a kidney, people that have quite serious issues that are choosing not to go out of fear. So I think it’s a problem; that’s not good.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,665 |
[
{
"content": "How do we make sure it works? We try it on prisoners? What do you do? Take rapists? Cut holes in their head?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No, like I said if somebody has got a serious brain injury and people that have very severe brain injuries and then you can fix those brain injuries. Then you prove out that it works and envelope expands and make more and more brain injuries, solve more and more. At a certain age, we all are going to get Alzheimer’s, or we’re all going to get senile. Then moms forget the names of their kids and that kind of thing.\nIt’s like you said, okay, well this would allow you to remember your names of your kids and have a normal, a much more normal life where you were able to function much later in life. So I think essentially almost everyone would find a need at some point if you get old enough to use a neural link. Then it’s like, okay, so we can improve the functionality and improve the communication speed. So then you will not have to use your thumbs to communicate with the computer.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Do you ever sit down and extrapolate? Do you ever sit down and think about all the different iterations of this and what this eventually leads to?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, sure. I think about it a lot. Like I said, this is not something that’s going to sneak up on you. Getting FDA approval for this stuff is not overnight. I don’t know; we probably have to be on version 10 or something before it would realistically be a human AI symbiote situation. You’ll see it coming.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,666 |
[
{
"content": "I mean, we’re here at the Texas Gigafactory, the day before this thing opens. It’s been pretty crazy out there. Thank you so much for making time on a busy day.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "You’re welcome.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "I would love you to help us, kind of, cast our minds, I don’t know, 10, 20, 30 years into the future, and help us try to picture what it would take to build a future that’s worth getting excited about. You’ve often said that. The last time you spoke at Ted, you said that that was really just a big driver. You know, you talk about lots of other reasons to do the work you’re doing, but fundamentally, you want to think about the future and not think that it sucks.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, absolutely. I think in general, you know, there’s a lot of discussion of like this problem or that problem. A lot of people are sad about the future, and they’re pessimistic. I think this is not great. I mean, we really want to wake up in the morning and look forward to the future. We want to be excited about what’s gonna happen. Life cannot simply be about sort of solving one miserable problem after another.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,667 |
[
{
"content": "What are the pros and cons of open sourcing AI to you as another way to combat a company running away with AGI?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "In order to run really deep intelligence, you need a lot of compute. So it’s not like you can just fire up a PC in your basement and be running AGI, at least not yet. Grok was trained on 8,000 A100’s running at peak efficiency and Grok’s going to get a lot better, by the way, we will be more than doubling our compute every couple months for the next several months.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "There’s a nice writeup, on how we went from Grok zero to Grok one.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "By Grok?",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,668 |
[
{
"content": "Is that bad for you? It’s legal.\nYeah.\nIt’s government-approved.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s not — You know, I’m not a regular smoker of weed.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "How often do you smoke it?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Almost never. I mean, it’s-",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,669 |
[
{
"content": "Well, you’re a likable guy. I mean, they attack you a lot.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "They do.\n(laughs)",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "And you seem to laugh it off, which I think is fantastic. I love it that you have a sense of humor because a guy as important as you who makes changes could use your powers for evil and not good.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, absolutely.\n(stares like a villain)",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,670 |
[
{
"content": "So, Elon, as I think more about this incredible array of things that you’re involved with, I keep seeing these synergies, to use a horrible word, between them. You know, for example, the robots you’re building from Tesla could possibly be pretty handy on Mars, doing some of the dangerous work and so forth. I mean, maybe there’s a scenario where your city on Mars doesn’t need a million people. It needs half a million people and half a million robots.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sure.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "And that’s a possibility. Maybe the Boring Company could play a role helping create some of those subterranean dwelling spaces that you might need. Back on planet Earth, it seems like a partnership between Boring Company and Tesla could offer an unbelievable deal to a city to say, we will create for you a 3D network of tunnels populated by robo-taxis that will offer fast, low-cost transport to anyone. You know, full self-driving may or may not be done this year. And in some cities, like, somewhere like Mumbai, I suspect won’t be done for a decade.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some places are more challenging than others.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,671 |
[
{
"content": "And you feel like this is decades away or years away from being too late. If you have this fatalistic attitude, and you feel like it’s going… – we’re in an almost like a doomsday countdown.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s not necessarily a doomsday countdown. It’s a…",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "…out of control countdown?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Out of control, yeah. People call it the singularity and that’s probably a good way to think about it. It’s a singularity, it’s hard to predict, like a black hole. What happens after the event horizon?",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,672 |
[
{
"content": "The following is a conversation with Elon Musk, Part 2. The second time we spoke on the podcast, with parallels if not in quality, then in outfit to the, objectively speaking, greatest sequel of all time, „Godfather Part II“. As many people know, Elon Musk is a leader of Tesla, SpaceX, Neuralink, and the Boring Company. What may be less known is that he’s a world-class engineer and designer, constantly emphasizing first principles thinking in taking on big engineering problems that many before him would consider impossible.\nAs scientists and engineers, most of us don’t question the way things are done. We simply follow the momentum of the crowd. But revolutionary ideas that change the world on the small and large scales happen when you return to the fundamentals and ask: „Is there a better way?“ This conversation focuses on the incredible engineering and innovation done in brain computer interfaces at Neuralink. This work promises to help treat neurobiological diseases to help us further understand the connection between the individual neuron, to the high-level function of the human brain, and finally, to one day expand the capacity of the brain, through two-way communication with computational devices, the internet, and artificial intelligence systems.\nThis is the „Artificial Intelligence Podcast“. If you enjoy it, subscribe on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, support on Patreon, or simply connect with me on Twitter @Lexfridman, spelled F-R-I-D-M-A-N. And now, as an anonymous YouTube commenter referred to our previous conversation as the quote „Historical first video of two robots conversing without supervision“, here’s the second time, the second conversation with Elon Musk.\nLet’s start with an easy question about consciousness. In your view, is consciousness something that’s unique to humans, or is it something that permeates all matter, almost like a fundamental force of physics?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I don’t think consciousness permeates all matter.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,673 |
[
{
"content": "Damn.So, when everybody leaves, it’s just Elon sitting at home brushing his teeth, just a bunch of ideas bouncing around your head.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, all the time.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "When did you realize that that’s not the case with most people?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I think, when I was, I don’t know, five or six or something. I thought I was insane.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,674 |
[
{
"content": "Doesn’t return the phone calls.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I’m here because you’re a friend, not because I’m being payable because I need any validation or anything, is that we’ve been friends for 16 years and I promise you I’d be here and that’s why I’m here.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Well, I appreciate you being here.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not for any other reason.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,675 |
[
{
"content": "Which is a good thing because income is a problem for most people because they pay taxes on income. That was the whole point of the story, I think.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, so I do have stock options that vest (…) basically with Tesla and SpaceX. I just have not really bothered to sort of take money off the table, which is not common. Most people do. They sell some of their stock, and they take money off the table. And for me, I just like said, you know, my money was the first in and it’ll be the last out. The success of SpaceX and Tesla is far from assured, and there were many times when it looked like the companies would… and they did. They skirted bankruptcy many times, but I never tried to take money off the table. And now this has been trying to be turned around and made into a bad thing. This is messed up.\nBut just before my stock options expire, then I am forced to exercise, and my top marginal tax rate is 53%. So I don’t think that’s particularly low, and it’s gonna go up next year. It’s like 57% or something.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "When you sell.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes, and I have a bunch of options that are expiring early next year. A huge block of options will sell in Q4 because I have to; they’ll expire. And my top marginal tax rate is 53%.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,676 |
[
{
"content": "It would just suck cars up into your car? Just pick up axles and shit?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I mean, you’d have to repel off of either material on the ground or in a really nutty situation off of Earth’s gravitational field, and somehow make that incredibly light, but that magnet would cause so much destruction. You’d be better off with a helicopter.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "So, if there was some sort of magnet road, like, you have two magnets, and they repel each other; if you had some sort of a magnet road that was below you, and you could travel on that magnet road, that would work?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes, you could have a magnet road.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,677 |
[
{
"content": "And that’s a possibility. Maybe the Boring Company could play a role helping create some of those subterranean dwelling spaces that you might need. Back on planet Earth, it seems like a partnership between Boring Company and Tesla could offer an unbelievable deal to a city to say, we will create for you a 3D network of tunnels populated by robo-taxis that will offer fast, low-cost transport to anyone. You know, full self-driving may or may not be done this year. And in some cities, like, somewhere like Mumbai, I suspect won’t be done for a decade.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Some places are more challenging than others.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "But today, with what you’ve got, you could put a 3D network of tunnels under there.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Oh, if it’s just in a tunnel that’s a solved problem, basically.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,678 |
[
{
"content": "Great car, man.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. I mean, particularly, the Porsche wouldn’t have the variable vanes on the turbo, and it didn’t have the turbo lag. That was great.That was really great. The turbo lag is, like, you know, you floor it, like phone home, call your mom.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "The older one, right?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "About an hour later, the car accelerates.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,679 |
[
{
"content": "What do you think is gonna bring our country together, if at all? Moving to Mars?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, I think if there was some moderate, you know, sort of centrist President, then I think that would help. I think most people want a president who is just a very competent, you know, executive, not too far left, not too far right. I think most people would prefer that. You know, when it comes down to the election, you’ve got two choices, and you’re like, maybe you don’t love either choice, but you got to pick one.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Will that happen?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Do I think that will be what?",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,680 |
[
{
"content": "Oh yeah.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "We just did a software update where it’ll do, like a cheetah stance. So yeah. So, because it’s got a dynamic air suspension so it lowers the back.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Oh Jesus.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Just like a sprinter, basically. Like what do you do if you’re a sprinter, you hunker down and then shoo. So I shaved like a 10th of a second off the 0 to 60. I mean, it’s pretty fun.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,681 |
[
{
"content": "Yes, that’s right when I sound like it right now.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "That’s what we sound like to a computer – like whale sound slowed down.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "So, we didn’t talk about Space. So let’s talk a little bit about where do you think you’ve enhanced with what you’re doing? Because I think you’re probably the most fast forward of all these efforts.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "So, with respect to SpaceX… let’s see. I mean, there is two… besides overall human spaceflight and providing transport for NASA of astronauts and cargo to and from the Space Station, which we’ve been doing for a while now, over a decade, we have Starlink, which is a global Internet system. And this is, I think, going to have some profound positive effects on the world because Starlink is really designed to serve the least served.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,682 |
[
{
"content": "Yeah, a good 10%.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, I mean, the only thing I’ve kept is Twitter because I kind of like need some means of getting a message out, you know. That’s about it. So far, so good.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Well, what’s interesting with you, you actually occasionally engage with people on Twitter. What percentage of that is a good idea?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Good question.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,683 |
[
{
"content": "Not necessarily bad, right?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, it’s not necessarily bad; it’s just outside of human control. Now, the thing that’s going to be tricky here is that it’s going to be very tempting to use A.I. as a weapon. In fact, it will be used as a weapon. So, the on ramp to serious A.I., the danger is going to be more humans using it against each other, I think, most likely. That will be the danger.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "How far, do you think, we are from something that can make its own mind up whether or not something’s ethically or morally correct, or whether or not it wants to do something, or whether or not it wants to improve itself, or whether or not it wants to protect itself from people or from other A.I.? How far away from something that is really truly sentient?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, I mean, you could argue that any group of people… – like a company is essentially a cybernetic collective of people and machines. That’s what a company is. And then, there are different levels of complexity in the way these companies are formed. There are like a collective A.I. in the Google search where we’re all sort of plugged in as like nerds on the network, like leaves on a big tree. And we are all feeding this network with our questions and answers. We’re all collectively programming the A.I. And Google plus all the humans that connect to it are one giant cybernetic collective. This is also true of Facebook and Twitter and Instagram and all these social networks. They’re giant cybernetic collectives.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,684 |
[
{
"content": "So that was fun, Elon. I enjoyed it thoroughly.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sounds good. Well, this has really given me a long list of future improvements that we need for spaces. That’s for sure.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Oh, yeah, I have a bunch of suggestions. Not right now, but I do. Being on Twitter spaces every single day, there are a host of problems. First of all, where’s the desktop app? I want to connect with my nice microphone. And the phone overheats.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s pretty good, but a lot of things need to be improved. That’s for sure.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,685 |
[
{
"content": "You have like a little hole?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, they have a pump.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Really?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,686 |
[
{
"content": "So also, no, Pierre, what was that guys name?\nPierre Delecto.\nMitt Romney’s Pierre Delecto. Pierre Delectos and Zaza Demons, none of those? Okay.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nope. Well, let’s see. Any key points anyone wants to make, otherwise, I’ll sign off in a few minutes.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "I don’t know if the other guys do. I think Whole Mars blog is here. Maybe he has some questions.\nI had one question about Twitter. Elon, on some media had been reporting today that Twitter bought 10,000 GPUs for some type of generative AI project, and I also noticed that on Twitter there were a couple of people who mentioned working at AI infrastructure, the super computing team at both Tesla and Twitter. I was wondering if you could share anything with us about what Twitter’s working on there and if there’s maybe any synergies, maybe Twitter using Dojo or something like that, or what exactly is going on with this project?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, it seems like everyone and their dog is buying GPUs at this point. It’s kind of getting to the point where you’re going to have to buy GPUs in a back alley. So there’s certainly a lot of people buying GPUs. Twitter and Tesla are certainly buying GPUs and we’re also working on Dojo. So I think there’s a lot of potential there with Dojo that people don’t realize.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,687 |
[
{
"content": "...inaudible...",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Good morning.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Good to see you, Elon. It’s been almost six years where I sat with you here on this platform with a great audience. It was your first trip to Dubai with your family. I hope you enjoyed it.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, it was wonderful. I very much enjoyed it. I see my head is gigantic on the stage. My head has grown larger since we last met.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,688 |
[
{
"content": "Do you think it’s one of those things where once we’ve gone in this certain direction, it’s very difficult to make a correction? Make an adjustment to realize like, okay, we thought it was one thing. It’s not good, but it’s not what we thought it was going to be. It’s not what we feared, so let’s back up and reconsider, and let’s do this publicly and say we were acting based on the information that we had initially. That information appears to be faulty, and here’s how we move forward while protecting civil liberties while protecting what essentially this country is founded on, which is a very agreed-upon amount of freedom that we respect and appreciate.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Absolutely. Well, I think we’re rapidly moving towards opening up the country. It’s going to happen extremely fast over the next few weeks. So, yeah. Something that would be helpful just to add from an informational level is when reporting Covid cases to separate out diagnosed with Covid versus had Covid like symptoms. Because the list of symptoms that could be Covid at this point is like a mile long. So, it’s hard to… if you’re ill at all, it’s like it could be cover it. So, just to give people better information. Definitely diagnosed with Covid or had Covid like symptoms. We’re conflating those two so that it looks bigger than it is. Then if somebody dies, was Covid a primary cause of the death or not? I mean, if somebody has Covid, gets eaten by a shark, we find their arm, their arm has Covid, it’s going to get recorded as a Covid death.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Is that real?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Basically.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,689 |
[
{
"content": "Yes, but there’s something about the beauty of the crudeness of language where when it’s done eloquently, it’s satisfying, and it hits us in some sort of a visceral way. Like, ah, that person nailed it. I love that they nailed it. That it’s so hard to capture a real thought and convey it in a way, in this articulate way. You read a quote, a great quote by a wise person. It makes you excited that their mind figured something out, put the words together in a right way that makes your brain pop like, “Oh yes. Yes.”",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It’s clever compression of a concept and a feeling.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "But the fact that a human did it too.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, absolutely.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,690 |
[
{
"content": "Do you remember some of the VC firms you went to on Sand Hill?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Most of them wouldn’t take a meeting. And if they did take a meeting, they were pretty bored and not… – They werelike, “Who’s made money in the internet? Like, no one, okay.” But the sea change occurred when Netscape went public. The first thing I tried to do was not to start a company. I tried to get a job at Netscape, but they didn’t reply to me. So I just tried to hang out in the lobby at Netscape. I didn’t know who to talk to. I was really too shy to talk to anyone. So, it’s like, “Okay, I can’t get a job at the only internet company that, you know, does internet software. So then I try writing software.” That’s kind of what happened there.\nAnd as I said, my brother came down and joined. This is all like late 95. And then in January 96, I think it was, there was a lot more interest in the internet stuff following the Netscape IPO. The software was more impressive, I guess. So, then Mohr Davidow invested – their VC firm on Sand Hill Road. And they invested… I think it was like $3 million for effectively 60% of the company, which we thought was crazy. Like, they’re gonna give us money for nothing? They must be mad. Yeah, so that seemed like crazy that they give so much money for a company that consists at the time of about five people – like literally, I think five people at the time . But it worked out well for them in the end.\nWe hired a lot more people. We bought out the service; and we also ended up writing a bunch of software to bring newspapers online, so Knight Ridder, New York Times Company, Hearst (…57:50) became investors and customers. And at one point, Zip2 was responsible for a significant section of the New York Times Company website. Yeah, so I got to know the media industry pretty well.\nWhat really happened with Zip2, effectively there was too much control by the existing media companies. (…58:19) board seats and too much voting control, and that they kept trying to push the company down directions that made no sense. Zip2 actually hadreally good software. That’s a software that’s comparable, in some ways more advanced than, say, Yahoo or Excite at the time, but it was just not being used properly. And it was all being forced through media companies, who would then not use it.\nSo it’s like, we’ve got the best technology, but it’s not been deployed properly. Fortunately, Compaq came along, and they … – Compaq acquired Digital Equipment, and Digital Equipment had AltaVista, which at the time was probably the best search engine. So their idea was they will combine AltaVista with a bunch of other internet companies and try to compete… create a competitor to Yahoo or Excite. Excite used to be a big thing, amazingly. And Yahoo used to be a big thing.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. A long time ago.\nNow it’s like owned by Verizon or something.\nAnd there was AOL.\nYahoo was a crazy story, you know. They failed to acquire Google twice. Microsoft offered them like 40 billion or something. And they turned it down.\nAnd then Ali Baba saved them out of nowhere.\nThe Ali Baba stake was worth more than the whole company.\nLike a huge amount, right. It was basically a proxy for Alibaba (…59:55).",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, exactly. But I want to point out… I mean, at that time, like if you go back to say 98/99, Yahoo seemed like an unstoppable juggernaut. Yeah. Like literally, this company will, you know, is a behemoth. Nobody could possibly defeat them. But anyway… – And where’s Compaq today? But that was their idea, which is, at least if executed well, could have made sense.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,691 |
[
{
"content": "No, it won’t do it?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "No. Actually, you have to…- it’s an Easter egg.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Oh, it’s an Easter egg.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, that’s why people don’t know about it. Including people that have the car. It’s like it can do lots of things, lots of things.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,692 |
[
{
"content": "Which is a good thing because income is a problem for most people because they pay taxes on income. That was the whole point of the story, I think.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah, so I do have stock options that vest (…) basically with Tesla and SpaceX. I just have not really bothered to sort of take money off the table, which is not common. Most people do. They sell some of their stock, and they take money off the table. And for me, I just like said, you know, my money was the first in and it’ll be the last out. The success of SpaceX and Tesla is far from assured, and there were many times when it looked like the companies would… and they did. They skirted bankruptcy many times, but I never tried to take money off the table. And now this has been trying to be turned around and made into a bad thing. This is messed up.\nBut just before my stock options expire, then I am forced to exercise, and my top marginal tax rate is 53%. So I don’t think that’s particularly low, and it’s gonna go up next year. It’s like 57% or something.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "When you sell.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yes, and I have a bunch of options that are expiring early next year. A huge block of options will sell in Q4 because I have to; they’ll expire. And my top marginal tax rate is 53%.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,693 |
[
{
"content": "It’s pretty dope. They make it pretty dope-looking… They take Model S, and they widen it and give it a bunch of carbon fiber. That’s it, right there.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cool.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Ooh-la-la, look at that.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "That looks pretty nice.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,694 |
[
{
"content": "Less than 7%. So, that’s basically-",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Every body panel is different. The entire structure was different. We couldn’t use the HVAC system, the air conditioner. It was a belt-driven air conditioner. So, now, we needed something that was electrically driven. We need a new AC compressor.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "And all that takes away from the battery life as well, right?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yeah. We need a small, highly efficient air conditioning system that fits in a tiny car and was electrically powered, not belt-driven. It was very difficult.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,695 |
[
{
"content": "Oh, that’s nice.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I literally had nothing.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "All your books!\nBut your clothes, too?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Actually, weirdly, I think I might have had the books thing but not my clothes.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,696 |
[
{
"content": "That never works well.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Didn’t work out for them. Germany was always struggling with basically shitty oil, and then they couldn’t count on a on high-quality fuel for their aircraft, so they had to add all these additives and stuff, whereas the US had awesome fuel, and they provided that to Britain as well. That allowed the British and the Americans to design aircraft engines that were super high performance, better than anything else in the world. Germany could design the engines; they just didn’t have the fuel. And then also the quality of the aluminum alloys that they were getting was also not that great.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "You talked about all this with Dan?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Yep.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,697 |
[
{
"content": "I was taken aback by that, given all the things that have been going on in the world. Do you remember what you were thinking?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, I think it’s quite literally-",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "I understand it, but what was going on? Why did you write that?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Well, I was encouraging people to amplify empathy, literally. I tend to be quite literal.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,698 |
[
{
"content": "It’s not big enough for all the kids.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Really? It seats seven.\nN.N.:\nNot normal kids.\nOkay.",
"role": "assistant"
},
{
"content": "Do you have separate cars for your children?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "It does have a tow hitch. You can tow your stuff.",
"role": "assistant"
}
]
| 1,699 |
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