bayes-group-diffusion/wiki_auto · Datasets at Hugging Face

source stringlengths 13 2.78k	target stringlengths 13 2.23k	references listlengths 0 0
There have been 26 Victoria Crosses awarded to members of the Gurkha regiments .	The Gurkha unit in the British army has won 26 Victoria Cross medals and many other medals .	[]
Madeline Zima ( born September 16 , 1985 ) is an American actress .	Madeline Rose Zima ( born September 16 , 1985 , New Haven , Connecticut ) is an American television series actress .	[]
She portrayed Grace Sheffield on the CBS sitcom " The Nanny " ( 1993 – 1999 ) , Mia Lewis on the Showtime comedy drama series " Californication " ( 2007 – 2011 ) , and Gretchen Berg on the NBC series " Heroes " ( 2009 – 2010 ) .	Her best-known roles were in " The Nanny " and " Californication " .	[]
The district is located between Latitude : 32-48 to 33-34 and Longitude : 73.55 to 74-45 , and has an area of 1516 km2 .	Bhimber is the southernmost of the eight districts of Azad Kashmir , the district is between Latitude : 32-48 to 33-34 and Longitude : 73.55 to 74-45 , and has an area of 1516 km2 .	[]
The area is very rich in archaeological remains due to its strategic location .	The area is very rich in archaeological remains because of its location .	[]
It also shares borders with Indian administered Kashmir to the east .	It also shares borders with Indian Kashmir to the east .	[]
Russell James Harvey ( July 4 , 1922 – July 20 , 2019 ) usually known as James Harvey , was a United States Representative from Michigan and an inactive Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan .	R. James Harvey ( born Roland James Harvey ; July 4 , 1922 – July 20 , 2019 ) , also known as James Harvey ; was an American politician and judge .	[]
Harvey was nominated by President Richard Nixon on December 5 , 1973 , to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan vacated by Judge Ralph M. Freeman .	In 1974 , he was nominated to serve as Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan by Richard Nixon .	[]
Harvey died in Naples , Florida on July 20 , 2019 , aged 97 .	Harvey died at his home in Naples , Florida on July 20 , 2019 at the age of 97 .	[]
Iwata is an ancient settlement , and human habitation dates from the Japanese Paleolithic period , with obsidian tools and shell middens having been found .	There has been a settlement in the area of Iwata since ancient times .	[]
The Book of Habakkuk is the eighth book of the 12 minor prophets of the Bible .	The Book of Habakkuk is the eighth book of the 12 minor prophets of the Hebrew Bible .	[]
It is attributed to the prophet Habakkuk , and was probably composed in the late 7th century BC .	It is thought to be written by the prophet Habakkuk , and was probably composed in the late 7th century BC .	[]
Se ́ rigne ́ is a commune in the Vende ́ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .	Se ́ rigne ́ is a commune . <SEP> It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vende ́ e department in the west of France .	[]
Pointless is a British television quiz show produced by Endemol Shine UK for the BBC .	Pointless is a British game show on BBC One .	[]
It is hosted by Alexander Armstrong and Richard Osman .	It is presented by Alexander Armstrong and Richard Osman .	[]
During the Muromachi period , Fujisawa developed around Yugyo-ji , a Buddhist temple , which was established in 1325 .	The city expanded around Yugyo ̄ -ji after 1325 .	[]
Toni Kroos ( ] ; born 4 January 1990 ) is a German professional footballer who plays for Spanish club Real Madrid and the German national team .	Toni Kroos ( born 4 January 1990 ) is a German football player . <SEP> He plays for Real Madrid and the Germany national team .	[]
On 23 June , Kroos scored from a free-kick in stoppage time against Sweden to resurrect Germany 's World Cup hopes with a 2 – 1 victory .	On 23rd June 2018 at the Russia World Cup , Kroos scored a 95th minute goal for Germany against Sweden to give his country 's first win the competition	[]
, also known as Geolgeol Jungsang or Qiqi Zhongxiang , was the contribute of Balhae , and the father of Dae Jo-yeong , who was the founder of Balhae .	Dae Jung-sang , also called " Qiqi Zhongxiang " or " Geolgeol Jungsang " ( : ; : , ? <SEP> He was the father of Balhae 's founder , Dae Jo-Young .	[]
A black powder rocket motor propels a model rocket using black powder .	A black powder rocket motor pushes a model rocket using black powder .	[]
Black powder rocket propellants consist of charcoal , sulfur , and potassium nitrate .	Black powder in the rockets is made of charcoal , sulphur , and potassium nitrate .	[]
Adjustments can be made to the amount of each component to change the rate at which the black powder burns .	The amount of each part can be changed to change how fast the black powder burns .	[]
Black powder rocket motors were created in a primitive form by the Chinese in the early 13th century , and through the years refinements have been made and several uses created .	Black powder rocket motors were made in a simple form by the Chinese .	[]
Black powder rocket motors are only produced in small sizes , to reduce the risk of explosion and a loss of efficiency .	Black powder rocket motors are only made in small sizes .	[]
Black powder rockets are produced in classes 1/8 A through F. Larger sizes of model rocket motors use ammonium perchlorate composite propellant , or other composite fuels that contain ammonium nitrate .	Some examples of composite fuels are ammonium perchlorate or ammonium nitrate .	[]
Black powder is the oldest composite propellant .	Black powder is the oldest type of mixed rocket fuel .	[]
Its use in rockets preceded its use in guns .	It was used in rockets even before it was used in guns .	[]
The three main components of black powder are charcoal , sulfur , and saltpeter ( or potassium nitrate ) .	The three main parts of black powder are charcoal , sulphur , and saltpetre ( or potassium nitrate ) .	[]
It is known that , by 1045 , the Chinese were producing black powder , because many references to the subject were found in The Wu-ching Tsung-Yao ( Complete Compendium of Military Classics ) .	The Chinese were making black powder as early as 1045 , which is about 1000 years ago .	[]
In the early thirteenth century the Chinese turned black powder propelled objects , formerly only used for entertainment , into weapons of war .	In the early thirteenth century ( about 800 years ago ) the Chinese turned black powder into a way to power weapons .	[]
The Chinese ‘ arrows of fire ’ were fired from a sort of catapult launcher .	The Chinese ‘ arrows of fire ’ were fired from a sort of catapult .	[]
The black powder was packed in a closed tube that had a hole in one end for escaping hot gases , and a long stick as an elementary stability and guidance system .	The black powder was packed in a closed tube that had a hole in one end for escaping hot gases .	[]
Black powder had a very low specific impulse , however .	Black powder had a very low specific impulse .	[]
Refinements in rocket design were made over the next few hundred years , at least on paper .	The way rockets were made got more advanced , but only on paper .	[]
In 1591 a Belgian , Jean Beavie , described and sketched the important idea of multistage rockets .	In 1591 a Belgian , Jean Beavie , wrote about and drew the important idea of rockets that had more than one stage .	[]
By 1600 , rockets were being used in various parts of Europe against cavalry .	By 1600 , rockets were being used in some parts of Europe .	[]
By 1688 , rockets weighing over 120 pounds had been built and fired with success in Germany .	By 1688 , rockets weighing over 120 pounds had been built and fired in Germany .	[]
These German rockets , carrying 16-pound warheads , used wooden powder cases reinforced with linen .	These German rockets could carry 16-pound warheads .	[]
Impressed by these weapons , a London lawyer , Sir William Congreve , became fascinated by the challenge of improving rockets .	During the late 1700s , a London lawyer , Sir William Congreve , wanted to try to make rockets better .	[]
He experimented with propellants and case design .	He did many experiments with different fuels and cases .	[]
The British armed forces used Congreve 's new rockets to great advantage during the Napoleonic and 1812 Wars .	The British army used Congreve 's new rockets to help them in the Napoleonic wars .	[]
In 1939 , researchers at the California Institute of Technology seeking to develop a high-performance solid rocket motor to assist aircraft take-off , combined black powder with common road asphalt to produce the first true composite motor .	In 1939 researchers at the California Institute of Technology were trying to make a motor to help launch aircraft . <SEP> They mixed black powder with common road asphalt to make the first composite motor .	[]
This was the birth of the true composite motor and marked the end of the use of black powder in major rocketry applications .	This was the beginning of the composite motor . <SEP> It also ended the use of black powder for big rockets .	[]
Black powder rocket propellant is very similar in makeup to old-fashioned gunpowder .	Black powder rocket propellant is a lot like old fashioned gunpowder .	[]
The main difference is the presence of a binder , usually dextrin .	The binder is usually a substance called Dextrin .	[]
The commonly used Estes model rocket engines are made with black powder propellant .	Their motors are made with black powder propellant .	[]
Black powder propellant must be pressed very tightly in order to function well .	Black powder propellant must be pressed very tightly to work well .	[]
A simple dextrin-free version ( the most commonly used formulation ) incorporates 75 % potassium nitrate , 10 % sulphur , and 15 % charcoal .	A simple way of combining the parts to make black powder rocket propellant is : 75 % potassium nitrate , 10 % sulphur , and 15 % charcoal .	[]
Dextrin may be added as desired ( usually between 0 and 5 % ) .	Dextrin may be added as a binder ( usually between 0 and 5 % ) .	[]
Additional ( coarse ) charcoal or metal powders ( 5 - 10 % ) may be added to obtain an interesting spark trail .	Extra ( coarse ) charcoal or metal powders ( 5 - 10 % ) may be added to make a spark trail .	[]
The impulse ( area under the thrust-time curve ) of a black powder motor is used to determine its class .	The impulse of a rocket motor is the area under the thrust-time curve . <SEP> The impulse of a black powder motor is used to tell what size class it is in .	[]
Motors are divided into classes from 1/4A to E , which covers an impulse range of 0 to 40 N · s ( newton-seconds ) .	Motors are divided into classes from 1/4A to E. <SEP> These classes hold rockets with impulses from 0 to 40 Ns ( Newtons * seconds ) .	[]
Other types of model rocket motors can be classified up to an ‘ H ’ , which is up to 320 Ns , and even further in some cases .	Other kinds of model rocket motors can be named up to an ‘ H ’ , which is up to 320 Ns .	[]
She has scored record successes at the Swedish charts during the mid-late 1990s and the 2000s .	She has scored record successes at the Swedish charts during the mid-late 1990 's and the 2000 's .	[]
Brecht ( ] ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp .	Brecht is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp .	[]
They first appeared in the Jurassic , or perhaps even the Triassic , survived the mass extinction in the Cretaceous , and became extinct in the early Oligocene epoch , some 35 million years ago .	They were eventually outcompeted by rodents , becoming extinct during the early Oligocene .	[]
The multituberculates had a cranial and dental anatomy superficially similar to rodents such as mice and rats , with cheek-teeth separated from the chisel-like front teeth by a wide tooth-less gap ( the diasteme ) .	The multituberculates had a head anatomy similar to rodents . <SEP> They had cheek-teeth separated from the chisel-like front teeth by a wide tooth-less gap ( called the " diastema " ) .	[]
Each cheek-tooth displayed several rows of small cusps ( or tubercles , hence the name ) that operated against similar rows in the teeth of the jaw ; the exact homology of these cusps to therian ones is still a matter of debate .	Each cheek-tooth displayed several rows of small cusps ( or tubercles , hence the name ) which worked against similar rows in the teeth of the jaw .	[]
Though it can be assumed that this was used for crushing seeds and nuts , it is believed that most small multituberculates also supplemented their diet with insects , worms , and fruits .	Most small multituberculates would have eaten seeds and nuts , supplemented with insects , worms , and fruit .	[]
The structure of the pelvis in the Multituberculata suggests that they gave birth to tiny helpless , underdeveloped young , similar to modern marsupials , such as kangaroos .	The structure of the pelvis in the Multituberculata suggests that they gave birth to tiny helpless young , similar to modern marsupials .	[]
Vladimir Alvino Guerrero Sr. ( born February 9 , 1975 ) , is a Dominican former professional baseball player and Hall of Famer , who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a right fielder and designated hitter .	Vladimir Alvino Guerrero ( born February 9 , 1975 ) , nicknamed Vlad , Vlady and Vlad the Impaler , is a Dominican former professional baseball player who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a right fielder and designated hitter .	[]
He played for the Montreal Expos ( – ) , Anaheim Angels / Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim ( – ) , Texas Rangers , and Baltimore Orioles .	He played for the Montreal Expos ( 1996 – 2003 ) , Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim ( 2004 – 09 ) , Texas Rangers ( 2010 ) , and Baltimore Orioles ( 2011 ) .	[]
A nine-time All-Star , Guerrero was widely recognized for his impressive offensive production — regularly hitting for power and average — as well as his defensive range and strong throwing arm .	Guerrero was able to hit for both power and average .	[]
His son , Vladimir Guerrero Jr . , was born in Montreal , Canada in 1999 during the elder Guerrero 's time with the Expos .	One of Guerrero 's sons , Vladimir Guerrero Jr . , plays in MLB .	[]
A concert band , also called wind ensemble , symphonic band , wind symphony , wind orchestra , wind band , symphonic winds , symphony band , or symphonic wind ensemble , is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind , brass , and percussion families of instruments , and occasionally including the double bass or bass guitar .	There are several names similar to concert band like wind band , symphonic band , symphonic winds , wind orchestra , wind symphony , wind ensemble , or symphonic wind ensemble .	[]
Examples of professional non-military concert bands include : A community band is a concert band or brass band ensemble composed of volunteer ( non-paid ) amateur musicians in a particular geographic area .	A community band is a community-based ensemble .	[]
It may be sponsored by the local ( municipal ) government or self-supporting .	It is sponsored by town or city .	[]
The Lord of the Rings : Conquest is a 2009 action game developed by Pandemic Studios and published by Electronic Arts .	Lord of the Rings : Conquest is a video game based off the award-winning science-fiction movie " The Lord of the Rings " . <SEP> The game was produced by Pandemic Studios and published by EA Games .	[]
Britt Gerda Hallqvist , ne ́ e " Nyman " ( 14 February 1914 in Umea ̊ , Sweden – 20 March 1997 in Lund , Sweden ) was a Swedish hymnwriter , poet , and translator .	Britt Gerda Hallqvist , born " Nyman " 14 February 1914 in Umea ̊ , Sweden , dead 20 March 1997 in Lund , Sweden was a Swedish hymnwriter , poet and translator .	[]
Her grandfather was the medical professor Salomon Eberhard Henschen and she was also the cousin of the neurology professor David H. Ingvar and his sister Cilla Ingvar .	Her grandfather was medical professor Salomon Eberhard Henschen and she was also the cousin of neurology professor David H. Ingvar and his sister Cilla Ingvar .	[]
Shiri Maimon ( ; born 17 May 1981 ) is an Israeli pop / R & B singer , TV show host and actress , who rose to fame as the runner-up in the TV show " Kokhav Nolad " .	Shiri Maymon ( born May 17 , 1981 in Haifa , Israel ) is an Israeli ( pop ) singer .	[]
She represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 , where she came fourth .	She represented her country in Eurovision Song Contest 2005 where she reached the final .	[]
The Bosnian Wikipedia ( Bosnian : " " ) is the Bosnian language version of Wikipedia , hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation .	Bosnian Wikipedia is the Bosnian language edition of Wikipedia .	[]
It was created on December 12 , 2002 and its first article was " " .	It was started on 12 December 2002 .	[]
However his victory in this liberal district was more the result of confusion with Adams 's resignation .	However his victory in this extremely liberal district was more the result of confusion with Adams resignation .	[]
Anna Stadling ( born 11 July 1970 in Sundsvall , Sweden ) is a Swedish musical artist .	Anna Stadling born 11 July 1970 in Sundsvall , Sweden is a Swedish musical artist .	[]
She has also played with Staffan Hellstrand and worked together with Idde Schultz .	She has also played with Staffan Hellstrand . <SEP> Also she has worked together with Idde Schultz .	[]
She has scored various successes at the Swedish charts .	Anna Stadling has scored successes at the Swedish charts .	[]
Victoria Elizabeth Coren Mitchell ( ne ́ e Coren ; born 18 August 1972 ) is an English writer , presenter and professional poker player .	Victoria Coren Mitchell ( born 18 August 1972 ) is a British journalist , television presenter and poker player .	[]
They married in November 2012 , and Coren Mitchell gave birth to the couple 's daughter in May 2015 .	She married David Mitchell on 17 November 2012 . <SEP> The couple 's daughter was born in May 2015 .	[]
Aluminium iodide is any chemical compound containing only aluminium and iodine .	Aluminium iodide is any chemical compound made up of only aluminium and iodine .	[]
Invariably , the name refers to a compound of the composition , formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine or the action of HI on Al metal .	It is formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine , or the action of hydrogen iodide on aluminium metal .	[]
Jennie Kwan ( born Jennifer Trinidad Fernando ; September 9 , 1973 ) is an American actress and singer .	Jennie Kwan ( born Jennifer Trinidad Fernando on September 9 , 1973 ) is a Filipino American actress and singer .	[]
In 2001 , Kwan left acting for a while to join the girl group Nobody 's Angel .	In 2001 , Jennie left acting for a while to join the girl group Nobody 's Angel .	[]
With the group 's popularity quickly declining , highlighted by the show 's failure , Nobody 's Angel split up for good later that year .	However , with its popularity quickly declining , the group split up just one year later .	[]
Z ̇ abno is a town and municipality on the river Dunajec in southern Poland , 15 km north of Tarno ́ w .	Zabno ( Polish : Z ̇ abno ) is a town in Poland . <SEP> Zabno is near a bigger city , Tarnow .	[]
Joanna Kerns ( born February 12 , 1953 ) is an American actress and director best known for her role as Maggie Seaver on the family situation comedy " Growing Pains " from 1985 to 1992 .	Joanna Crussie DeVarona , better known as Joanna Kerns ( born February 12 , 1953 ) in San Francisco , California ) is an American actress . <SEP> She is best known for playing Maggie Seaver in the sitcom " Growing Pains " .	[]
A detachmente ( from the French " de ́ tachement " ) is a military unit .	A detachment ( from the French word " de ́ tachement " ) is a military unit .	[]
It can either be detached from a larger unit for a specific function or ( particularly in United States military usage ) be a permanent unit smaller than a battalion .	It can be broken off from a bigger unit for a set reason or ( as often seen in United States Army usage ) can be a permanent unit smaller than a battalion .	[]
The term is often used to refer to a unit that is assigned to a different base from the parent unit .	The term is often used to refer to a unit that is sent to a different base from the parent unit .	[]
The Army Cadet Force in the United Kingdom breaks its structure down into local detachments which usually consist of between 10 and 40 cadets .	A Cadet detachment usually consists of between 10 and 40 cadets .	[]
Several detachments make up a company .	Several detachments make up a cadet company .	[]
McCool first came to World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) as a competitor in the 2004 WWE Diva Search , losing to Christy Hemme .	McCool was in the 2005 Diva Search but she lost to Christy Hemme .	[]
Near the river the ward includes part of the Lower Garden District and the former location of America 's first experiment with large-scale public housing , started here in 1937 , when , as part of the New Deal , President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the loan to commence construction of the St. Thomas Housing Project .	Near the river the Ward includes part of the Lower Garden District and the former location of America 's first experiment with large-scale public housing , started here in 1937 , when , as part of the New Deal , President Roosevelt signed the loan to commence construction of the St. Thomas Housing Project .	[]
The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England .	The Church of England is the leading Christian church in England .	[]
The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion .	It is the mother church of the Anglican Communion .	[]
Under his son , King Edward VI , more Protestant-influenced forms of worship were adopted .	Under his son , King Edward VI , more Protestant forms of worship were adopted .	[]
Under the leadership of the Archbishop of Canterbury , Thomas Cranmer , a more radical reformation proceeded .	The Archbishop of Canterbury , Thomas Cranmer started more changes .	[]
These were based on the older liturgy in particular the Prayer Book of 1549 , but both influenced by Protestant doctrines such as justification by faith alone , the rejection of the sacrifice of the Mass , and the Real Presence understood as physical presence ( Cranmer was Calvinist in that he believed Christ was truly and really present in the Eucharist but after a spiritual manner , although the Words of Administration at the time of Communion were a straightforward statement in the Real Presence as taken from the 1549 BCP and attached to the 1559 book ) .	These were based on the older liturgy but influenced by Protestant principles .	[]
Woodruff is a city in Spartanburg County , South Carolina , United States , located in the " Upstate " area .	Woodruff is a city in Spartanburg County , South Carolina , United States .	[]

There have been 26 Victoria Crosses awarded to members of the Gurkha regiments .

The Gurkha unit in the British army has won 26 Victoria Cross medals and many other medals .

[]

Madeline Zima ( born September 16 , 1985 ) is an American actress .

Madeline Rose Zima ( born September 16 , 1985 , New Haven , Connecticut ) is an American television series actress .

[]

She portrayed Grace Sheffield on the CBS sitcom " The Nanny " ( 1993 – 1999 ) , Mia Lewis on the Showtime comedy drama series " Californication " ( 2007 – 2011 ) , and Gretchen Berg on the NBC series " Heroes " ( 2009 – 2010 ) .

Her best-known roles were in " The Nanny " and " Californication " .

[]

The district is located between Latitude : 32-48 to 33-34 and Longitude : 73.55 to 74-45 , and has an area of 1516 km2 .

Bhimber is the southernmost of the eight districts of Azad Kashmir , the district is between Latitude : 32-48 to 33-34 and Longitude : 73.55 to 74-45 , and has an area of 1516 km2 .

[]

The area is very rich in archaeological remains due to its strategic location .

The area is very rich in archaeological remains because of its location .

[]

It also shares borders with Indian administered Kashmir to the east .

It also shares borders with Indian Kashmir to the east .

[]

Russell James Harvey ( July 4 , 1922 – July 20 , 2019 ) usually known as James Harvey , was a United States Representative from Michigan and an inactive Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan .

R. James Harvey ( born Roland James Harvey ; July 4 , 1922 – July 20 , 2019 ) , also known as James Harvey ; was an American politician and judge .

[]

Harvey was nominated by President Richard Nixon on December 5 , 1973 , to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan vacated by Judge Ralph M. Freeman .

In 1974 , he was nominated to serve as Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan by Richard Nixon .

[]

Harvey died in Naples , Florida on July 20 , 2019 , aged 97 .

Harvey died at his home in Naples , Florida on July 20 , 2019 at the age of 97 .

[]

Iwata is an ancient settlement , and human habitation dates from the Japanese Paleolithic period , with obsidian tools and shell middens having been found .

There has been a settlement in the area of Iwata since ancient times .

[]

The Book of Habakkuk is the eighth book of the 12 minor prophets of the Bible .

The Book of Habakkuk is the eighth book of the 12 minor prophets of the Hebrew Bible .

[]

It is attributed to the prophet Habakkuk , and was probably composed in the late 7th century BC .

It is thought to be written by the prophet Habakkuk , and was probably composed in the late 7th century BC .

[]

Se ́ rigne ́ is a commune in the Vende ́ e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France .

Se ́ rigne ́ is a commune . <SEP> It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Vende ́ e department in the west of France .

[]

Pointless is a British television quiz show produced by Endemol Shine UK for the BBC .

Pointless is a British game show on BBC One .

[]

It is hosted by Alexander Armstrong and Richard Osman .

It is presented by Alexander Armstrong and Richard Osman .

[]

During the Muromachi period , Fujisawa developed around Yugyo-ji , a Buddhist temple , which was established in 1325 .

The city expanded around Yugyo ̄ -ji after 1325 .

[]

Toni Kroos ( ] ; born 4 January 1990 ) is a German professional footballer who plays for Spanish club Real Madrid and the German national team .

Toni Kroos ( born 4 January 1990 ) is a German football player . <SEP> He plays for Real Madrid and the Germany national team .

[]

On 23 June , Kroos scored from a free-kick in stoppage time against Sweden to resurrect Germany 's World Cup hopes with a 2 – 1 victory .

On 23rd June 2018 at the Russia World Cup , Kroos scored a 95th minute goal for Germany against Sweden to give his country 's first win the competition

[]

, also known as Geolgeol Jungsang or Qiqi Zhongxiang , was the contribute of Balhae , and the father of Dae Jo-yeong , who was the founder of Balhae .

Dae Jung-sang , also called " Qiqi Zhongxiang " or " Geolgeol Jungsang " ( : ; : , ? <SEP> He was the father of Balhae 's founder , Dae Jo-Young .

[]

A black powder rocket motor propels a model rocket using black powder .

A black powder rocket motor pushes a model rocket using black powder .

[]

Black powder rocket propellants consist of charcoal , sulfur , and potassium nitrate .

Black powder in the rockets is made of charcoal , sulphur , and potassium nitrate .

[]

Adjustments can be made to the amount of each component to change the rate at which the black powder burns .

The amount of each part can be changed to change how fast the black powder burns .

[]

Black powder rocket motors were created in a primitive form by the Chinese in the early 13th century , and through the years refinements have been made and several uses created .

Black powder rocket motors were made in a simple form by the Chinese .

[]

Black powder rocket motors are only produced in small sizes , to reduce the risk of explosion and a loss of efficiency .

Black powder rocket motors are only made in small sizes .

[]

Black powder rockets are produced in classes 1/8 A through F. Larger sizes of model rocket motors use ammonium perchlorate composite propellant , or other composite fuels that contain ammonium nitrate .

Some examples of composite fuels are ammonium perchlorate or ammonium nitrate .

[]

Black powder is the oldest composite propellant .

Black powder is the oldest type of mixed rocket fuel .

[]

Its use in rockets preceded its use in guns .

It was used in rockets even before it was used in guns .

[]

The three main components of black powder are charcoal , sulfur , and saltpeter ( or potassium nitrate ) .

The three main parts of black powder are charcoal , sulphur , and saltpetre ( or potassium nitrate ) .

[]

It is known that , by 1045 , the Chinese were producing black powder , because many references to the subject were found in The Wu-ching Tsung-Yao ( Complete Compendium of Military Classics ) .

The Chinese were making black powder as early as 1045 , which is about 1000 years ago .

[]

In the early thirteenth century the Chinese turned black powder propelled objects , formerly only used for entertainment , into weapons of war .

In the early thirteenth century ( about 800 years ago ) the Chinese turned black powder into a way to power weapons .

[]

The Chinese ‘ arrows of fire ’ were fired from a sort of catapult launcher .

The Chinese ‘ arrows of fire ’ were fired from a sort of catapult .

[]

The black powder was packed in a closed tube that had a hole in one end for escaping hot gases , and a long stick as an elementary stability and guidance system .

The black powder was packed in a closed tube that had a hole in one end for escaping hot gases .

[]

Black powder had a very low specific impulse , however .

Black powder had a very low specific impulse .

[]

Refinements in rocket design were made over the next few hundred years , at least on paper .

The way rockets were made got more advanced , but only on paper .

[]

In 1591 a Belgian , Jean Beavie , described and sketched the important idea of multistage rockets .

In 1591 a Belgian , Jean Beavie , wrote about and drew the important idea of rockets that had more than one stage .

[]

By 1600 , rockets were being used in various parts of Europe against cavalry .

By 1600 , rockets were being used in some parts of Europe .

[]

By 1688 , rockets weighing over 120 pounds had been built and fired with success in Germany .

By 1688 , rockets weighing over 120 pounds had been built and fired in Germany .

[]

These German rockets , carrying 16-pound warheads , used wooden powder cases reinforced with linen .

These German rockets could carry 16-pound warheads .

[]

Impressed by these weapons , a London lawyer , Sir William Congreve , became fascinated by the challenge of improving rockets .

During the late 1700s , a London lawyer , Sir William Congreve , wanted to try to make rockets better .

[]

He experimented with propellants and case design .

He did many experiments with different fuels and cases .

[]

The British armed forces used Congreve 's new rockets to great advantage during the Napoleonic and 1812 Wars .

The British army used Congreve 's new rockets to help them in the Napoleonic wars .

[]

In 1939 , researchers at the California Institute of Technology seeking to develop a high-performance solid rocket motor to assist aircraft take-off , combined black powder with common road asphalt to produce the first true composite motor .

In 1939 researchers at the California Institute of Technology were trying to make a motor to help launch aircraft . <SEP> They mixed black powder with common road asphalt to make the first composite motor .

[]

This was the birth of the true composite motor and marked the end of the use of black powder in major rocketry applications .

This was the beginning of the composite motor . <SEP> It also ended the use of black powder for big rockets .

[]

Black powder rocket propellant is very similar in makeup to old-fashioned gunpowder .

Black powder rocket propellant is a lot like old fashioned gunpowder .

[]

The main difference is the presence of a binder , usually dextrin .

The binder is usually a substance called Dextrin .

[]

The commonly used Estes model rocket engines are made with black powder propellant .

Their motors are made with black powder propellant .

[]

Black powder propellant must be pressed very tightly in order to function well .

Black powder propellant must be pressed very tightly to work well .

[]

A simple dextrin-free version ( the most commonly used formulation ) incorporates 75 % potassium nitrate , 10 % sulphur , and 15 % charcoal .

A simple way of combining the parts to make black powder rocket propellant is : 75 % potassium nitrate , 10 % sulphur , and 15 % charcoal .

[]

Dextrin may be added as desired ( usually between 0 and 5 % ) .

Dextrin may be added as a binder ( usually between 0 and 5 % ) .

[]

Additional ( coarse ) charcoal or metal powders ( 5 - 10 % ) may be added to obtain an interesting spark trail .

Extra ( coarse ) charcoal or metal powders ( 5 - 10 % ) may be added to make a spark trail .

[]

The impulse ( area under the thrust-time curve ) of a black powder motor is used to determine its class .

The impulse of a rocket motor is the area under the thrust-time curve . <SEP> The impulse of a black powder motor is used to tell what size class it is in .

[]

Motors are divided into classes from 1/4A to E , which covers an impulse range of 0 to 40 N · s ( newton-seconds ) .

Motors are divided into classes from 1/4A to E. <SEP> These classes hold rockets with impulses from 0 to 40 Ns ( Newtons * seconds ) .

[]

Other types of model rocket motors can be classified up to an ‘ H ’ , which is up to 320 Ns , and even further in some cases .

Other kinds of model rocket motors can be named up to an ‘ H ’ , which is up to 320 Ns .

[]

She has scored record successes at the Swedish charts during the mid-late 1990s and the 2000s .

She has scored record successes at the Swedish charts during the mid-late 1990 's and the 2000 's .

[]

Brecht ( ] ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp .

Brecht is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp .

[]

They first appeared in the Jurassic , or perhaps even the Triassic , survived the mass extinction in the Cretaceous , and became extinct in the early Oligocene epoch , some 35 million years ago .

They were eventually outcompeted by rodents , becoming extinct during the early Oligocene .

[]

The multituberculates had a cranial and dental anatomy superficially similar to rodents such as mice and rats , with cheek-teeth separated from the chisel-like front teeth by a wide tooth-less gap ( the diasteme ) .

The multituberculates had a head anatomy similar to rodents . <SEP> They had cheek-teeth separated from the chisel-like front teeth by a wide tooth-less gap ( called the " diastema " ) .

[]

Each cheek-tooth displayed several rows of small cusps ( or tubercles , hence the name ) that operated against similar rows in the teeth of the jaw ; the exact homology of these cusps to therian ones is still a matter of debate .

Each cheek-tooth displayed several rows of small cusps ( or tubercles , hence the name ) which worked against similar rows in the teeth of the jaw .

[]

Though it can be assumed that this was used for crushing seeds and nuts , it is believed that most small multituberculates also supplemented their diet with insects , worms , and fruits .

Most small multituberculates would have eaten seeds and nuts , supplemented with insects , worms , and fruit .

[]

The structure of the pelvis in the Multituberculata suggests that they gave birth to tiny helpless , underdeveloped young , similar to modern marsupials , such as kangaroos .

The structure of the pelvis in the Multituberculata suggests that they gave birth to tiny helpless young , similar to modern marsupials .

[]

Vladimir Alvino Guerrero Sr. ( born February 9 , 1975 ) , is a Dominican former professional baseball player and Hall of Famer , who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a right fielder and designated hitter .

Vladimir Alvino Guerrero ( born February 9 , 1975 ) , nicknamed Vlad , Vlady and Vlad the Impaler , is a Dominican former professional baseball player who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a right fielder and designated hitter .

[]

He played for the Montreal Expos ( – ) , Anaheim Angels / Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim ( – ) , Texas Rangers , and Baltimore Orioles .

He played for the Montreal Expos ( 1996 – 2003 ) , Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim ( 2004 – 09 ) , Texas Rangers ( 2010 ) , and Baltimore Orioles ( 2011 ) .

[]

A nine-time All-Star , Guerrero was widely recognized for his impressive offensive production — regularly hitting for power and average — as well as his defensive range and strong throwing arm .

Guerrero was able to hit for both power and average .

[]

His son , Vladimir Guerrero Jr . , was born in Montreal , Canada in 1999 during the elder Guerrero 's time with the Expos .

One of Guerrero 's sons , Vladimir Guerrero Jr . , plays in MLB .

[]

A concert band , also called wind ensemble , symphonic band , wind symphony , wind orchestra , wind band , symphonic winds , symphony band , or symphonic wind ensemble , is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind , brass , and percussion families of instruments , and occasionally including the double bass or bass guitar .

There are several names similar to concert band like wind band , symphonic band , symphonic winds , wind orchestra , wind symphony , wind ensemble , or symphonic wind ensemble .

[]

Examples of professional non-military concert bands include : A community band is a concert band or brass band ensemble composed of volunteer ( non-paid ) amateur musicians in a particular geographic area .

A community band is a community-based ensemble .

[]

It may be sponsored by the local ( municipal ) government or self-supporting .

It is sponsored by town or city .

[]

The Lord of the Rings : Conquest is a 2009 action game developed by Pandemic Studios and published by Electronic Arts .

Lord of the Rings : Conquest is a video game based off the award-winning science-fiction movie " The Lord of the Rings " . <SEP> The game was produced by Pandemic Studios and published by EA Games .

[]

Britt Gerda Hallqvist , ne ́ e " Nyman " ( 14 February 1914 in Umea ̊ , Sweden – 20 March 1997 in Lund , Sweden ) was a Swedish hymnwriter , poet , and translator .

Britt Gerda Hallqvist , born " Nyman " 14 February 1914 in Umea ̊ , Sweden , dead 20 March 1997 in Lund , Sweden was a Swedish hymnwriter , poet and translator .

[]

Her grandfather was the medical professor Salomon Eberhard Henschen and she was also the cousin of the neurology professor David H. Ingvar and his sister Cilla Ingvar .

Her grandfather was medical professor Salomon Eberhard Henschen and she was also the cousin of neurology professor David H. Ingvar and his sister Cilla Ingvar .

[]

Shiri Maimon ( ; born 17 May 1981 ) is an Israeli pop / R & B singer , TV show host and actress , who rose to fame as the runner-up in the TV show " Kokhav Nolad " .

Shiri Maymon ( born May 17 , 1981 in Haifa , Israel ) is an Israeli ( pop ) singer .

[]

She represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 , where she came fourth .

She represented her country in Eurovision Song Contest 2005 where she reached the final .

[]

The Bosnian Wikipedia ( Bosnian : " " ) is the Bosnian language version of Wikipedia , hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation .

Bosnian Wikipedia is the Bosnian language edition of Wikipedia .

[]

It was created on December 12 , 2002 and its first article was " " .

It was started on 12 December 2002 .

[]

However his victory in this liberal district was more the result of confusion with Adams 's resignation .

However his victory in this extremely liberal district was more the result of confusion with Adams resignation .

[]

Anna Stadling ( born 11 July 1970 in Sundsvall , Sweden ) is a Swedish musical artist .

Anna Stadling born 11 July 1970 in Sundsvall , Sweden is a Swedish musical artist .

[]

She has also played with Staffan Hellstrand and worked together with Idde Schultz .

She has also played with Staffan Hellstrand . <SEP> Also she has worked together with Idde Schultz .

[]

She has scored various successes at the Swedish charts .

Anna Stadling has scored successes at the Swedish charts .

[]

Victoria Elizabeth Coren Mitchell ( ne ́ e Coren ; born 18 August 1972 ) is an English writer , presenter and professional poker player .

Victoria Coren Mitchell ( born 18 August 1972 ) is a British journalist , television presenter and poker player .

[]

They married in November 2012 , and Coren Mitchell gave birth to the couple 's daughter in May 2015 .

She married David Mitchell on 17 November 2012 . <SEP> The couple 's daughter was born in May 2015 .

[]

Aluminium iodide is any chemical compound containing only aluminium and iodine .

Aluminium iodide is any chemical compound made up of only aluminium and iodine .

[]

Invariably , the name refers to a compound of the composition , formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine or the action of HI on Al metal .

It is formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine , or the action of hydrogen iodide on aluminium metal .

[]

Jennie Kwan ( born Jennifer Trinidad Fernando ; September 9 , 1973 ) is an American actress and singer .

Jennie Kwan ( born Jennifer Trinidad Fernando on September 9 , 1973 ) is a Filipino American actress and singer .

[]

In 2001 , Kwan left acting for a while to join the girl group Nobody 's Angel .

In 2001 , Jennie left acting for a while to join the girl group Nobody 's Angel .

[]

With the group 's popularity quickly declining , highlighted by the show 's failure , Nobody 's Angel split up for good later that year .

However , with its popularity quickly declining , the group split up just one year later .

[]

Z ̇ abno is a town and municipality on the river Dunajec in southern Poland , 15 km north of Tarno ́ w .

Zabno ( Polish : Z ̇ abno ) is a town in Poland . <SEP> Zabno is near a bigger city , Tarnow .

[]

Joanna Kerns ( born February 12 , 1953 ) is an American actress and director best known for her role as Maggie Seaver on the family situation comedy " Growing Pains " from 1985 to 1992 .

Joanna Crussie DeVarona , better known as Joanna Kerns ( born February 12 , 1953 ) in San Francisco , California ) is an American actress . <SEP> She is best known for playing Maggie Seaver in the sitcom " Growing Pains " .

[]

A detachmente ( from the French " de ́ tachement " ) is a military unit .

A detachment ( from the French word " de ́ tachement " ) is a military unit .

[]

It can either be detached from a larger unit for a specific function or ( particularly in United States military usage ) be a permanent unit smaller than a battalion .

It can be broken off from a bigger unit for a set reason or ( as often seen in United States Army usage ) can be a permanent unit smaller than a battalion .

[]

The term is often used to refer to a unit that is assigned to a different base from the parent unit .

The term is often used to refer to a unit that is sent to a different base from the parent unit .

[]

The Army Cadet Force in the United Kingdom breaks its structure down into local detachments which usually consist of between 10 and 40 cadets .

A Cadet detachment usually consists of between 10 and 40 cadets .

[]

Several detachments make up a company .

Several detachments make up a cadet company .

[]

McCool first came to World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) as a competitor in the 2004 WWE Diva Search , losing to Christy Hemme .

McCool was in the 2005 Diva Search but she lost to Christy Hemme .

[]

Near the river the ward includes part of the Lower Garden District and the former location of America 's first experiment with large-scale public housing , started here in 1937 , when , as part of the New Deal , President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the loan to commence construction of the St. Thomas Housing Project .

Near the river the Ward includes part of the Lower Garden District and the former location of America 's first experiment with large-scale public housing , started here in 1937 , when , as part of the New Deal , President Roosevelt signed the loan to commence construction of the St. Thomas Housing Project .

[]

The Church of England ( C of E ) is the established church of England .

The Church of England is the leading Christian church in England .

[]

The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion .

It is the mother church of the Anglican Communion .

[]

Under his son , King Edward VI , more Protestant-influenced forms of worship were adopted .

Under his son , King Edward VI , more Protestant forms of worship were adopted .

[]

Under the leadership of the Archbishop of Canterbury , Thomas Cranmer , a more radical reformation proceeded .

The Archbishop of Canterbury , Thomas Cranmer started more changes .

[]

These were based on the older liturgy in particular the Prayer Book of 1549 , but both influenced by Protestant doctrines such as justification by faith alone , the rejection of the sacrifice of the Mass , and the Real Presence understood as physical presence ( Cranmer was Calvinist in that he believed Christ was truly and really present in the Eucharist but after a spiritual manner , although the Words of Administration at the time of Communion were a straightforward statement in the Real Presence as taken from the 1549 BCP and attached to the 1559 book ) .

These were based on the older liturgy but influenced by Protestant principles .

[]

Woodruff is a city in Spartanburg County , South Carolina , United States , located in the " Upstate " area .

Woodruff is a city in Spartanburg County , South Carolina , United States .

[]