Datasets:
bnsapa
/
cybersecurity-ner

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
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1
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2200
[ "Then", "the", "app", "finds", "a", "process", "id", "value", "for", "the", "process", "it", "wants", "to", "inject", "with", "code", "." ]
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2201
[ "This", "is", "done", "using", "a", "series", "of", "syscalls", "as", "outlined", "below", "." ]
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2202
[ "The", "\"", "source", "process", "''", "refers", "to", "the", "Zen", "trojan", "running", "as", "root", ",", "while", "the", "\"", "target", "process", "''", "refers", "to", "the", "process", "to", "which", "the", "code", "is", "injected", "and", "[", "pid", "]", "refers", "to", "the", "target", "process", "pid", "value", "." ]
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2203
[ "The", "source", "process", "checks", "the", "mapping", "between", "a", "process", "id", "and", "a", "process", "name", "." ]
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2204
[ "This", "is", "done", "by", "reading", "the", "/proc/", "[", "pid", "]", "/cmdline", "file", "." ]
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2205
[ "This", "very", "first", "step", "fails", "in", "Android", "7.0", "and", "higher", ",", "even", "with", "a", "root", "permission", "." ]
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2206
[ "The", "/proc", "filesystem", "is", "now", "mounted", "with", "a", "hidepid=2", "parameter", ",", "which", "means", "that", "the", "process", "can", "not", "access", "other", "process", "/proc/", "[", "pid", "]", "directory", "." ]
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2207
[ "A", "ptrace_attach", "syscall", "is", "called", "." ]
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2208
[ "This", "allows", "the", "source", "process", "to", "trace", "the", "target", "." ]
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2209
[ "The", "source", "process", "looks", "at", "its", "own", "memory", "to", "calculate", "the", "offset", "between", "the", "beginning", "of", "the", "libc", "library", "and", "the", "mmap", "address", "." ]
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2210
[ "The", "source", "process", "reads", "/proc/", "[", "pid", "]", "/maps", "to", "find", "where", "libc", "is", "located", "in", "the", "target", "process", "memory", "." ]
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2211
[ "By", "adding", "the", "previously", "calculated", "offset", ",", "it", "can", "get", "the", "address", "of", "the", "mmap", "function", "in", "the", "target", "process", "memory", "." ]
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2212
[ "The", "source", "process", "tries", "to", "determine", "the", "location", "of", "dlopen", ",", "dlsym", ",", "and", "dlclose", "functions", "in", "the", "target", "process", "." ]
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2213
[ "It", "uses", "the", "same", "technique", "as", "it", "used", "to", "determine", "the", "offset", "to", "the", "mmap", "function", "." ]
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2214
[ "The", "source", "process", "writes", "the", "native", "shellcode", "into", "the", "memory", "region", "allocated", "by", "mmap", "." ]
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2215
[ "Additionally", ",", "it", "also", "writes", "addresses", "of", "dlopen", ",", "dlsym", ",", "and", "dlclose", "into", "the", "same", "region", ",", "so", "that", "they", "can", "be", "used", "by", "the", "shellcode", "." ]
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2216
[ "Shellcode", "simply", "uses", "dlopen", "to", "open", "a", ".so", "file", "within", "the", "target", "process", "and", "then", "dlsym", "to", "find", "a", "symbol", "in", "that", "file", "and", "run", "it", "." ]
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2217
[ "The", "source", "process", "changes", "the", "registers", "in", "the", "target", "process", "so", "that", "PC", "register", "points", "directly", "to", "the", "shellcode", "." ]
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2218
[ "This", "is", "done", "using", "the", "ptrace", "syscall", "." ]
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2219
[ "This", "diagram", "illustrates", "the", "whole", "process", "." ]
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2220
[ "Summary", "PHA", "authors", "go", "to", "great", "lengths", "to", "come", "up", "with", "increasingly", "clever", "ways", "to", "monetize", "their", "apps", "." ]
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2221
[ "Zen", "family", "PHA", "authors", "exhibit", "a", "wide", "range", "of", "techniques", ",", "from", "simply", "inserting", "an", "advertising", "SDK", "to", "a", "sophisticated", "trojan", "." ]
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2222
[ "The", "app", "that", "resulted", "in", "the", "largest", "number", "of", "affected", "users", "was", "the", "click", "fraud", "version", ",", "which", "was", "installed", "over", "170,000", "times", "at", "its", "peak", "in", "February", "2018", "." ]
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2223
[ "The", "most", "affected", "countries", "were", "India", ",", "Brazil", ",", "and", "Indonesia", "." ]
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2224
[ "In", "most", "cases", ",", "these", "click", "fraud", "apps", "were", "uninstalled", "by", "the", "users", ",", "probably", "due", "to", "the", "low", "quality", "of", "the", "apps", "." ]
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2225
[ "If", "Google", "Play", "Protect", "detects", "one", "of", "these", "apps", ",", "Google", "Play", "Protect", "will", "show", "a", "warning", "to", "users", "." ]
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2226
[ "We", "are", "constantly", "on", "the", "lookout", "for", "new", "threats", "and", "we", "are", "expanding", "our", "protections", "." ]
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2227
[ "Every", "device", "with", "Google", "Play", "includes", "Google", "Play", "Protect", "and", "all", "apps", "on", "Google", "Play", "are", "automatically", "and", "periodically", "scanned", "by", "our", "solutions", "." ]
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2228
[ "You", "can", "check", "the", "status", "of", "Google", "Play", "Protect", "on", "your", "device", ":", "Open", "your", "Android", "device", "'s", "Google", "Play", "Store", "app", "." ]
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2229
[ "Tap", "Menu", ">", "Play", "Protect", "." ]
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2230
[ "Look", "for", "information", "about", "the", "status", "of", "your", "device", "." ]
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2231
[ "Hashes", "of", "samples", "Type", "Package", "name", "SHA256", "digest", "Custom", "ads", "com.targetshoot.zombieapocalypse.sniper.zombieshootinggame", "5d98d8a7a012a858f0fa4cf8d2ed3d5a82937b1a98ea2703d440307c63c6c928", "Click", "fraud", "com.counterterrorist.cs.elite.combat.shootinggame", "84672fb2f228ec749d3c3c1cb168a1c31f544970fd29136bea2a5b2cefac6d04", "Rooting", "trojan", "com.android.world.news", "bd233c1f5c477b0cc15d7f84392dab3a7a598243efa3154304327ff4580ae213", "Zen", "trojan", "com.lmt.register", "eb12cd65589cbc6f9d3563576c304273cb6a78072b0c20a155a0951370476d8d", "Mobile", "Campaign", "‘", "Bouncing", "Golf", "’", "Affects", "Middle", "East", "We", "uncovered", "a", "cyberespionage", "campaign", "targeting", "Middle", "Eastern", "countries", "." ]
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2232
[ "We", "named", "this", "campaign", "“", "Bouncing", "Golf", "”", "based", "on", "the", "malware", "’", "s", "code", "in", "the", "package", "named", "“", "golf.", "”", "June", "18", ",", "2019", "We", "uncovered", "a", "cyberespionage", "campaign", "targeting", "Middle", "Eastern", "countries", "." ]
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2233
[ "We", "named", "this", "campaign", "“", "Bouncing", "Golf", "”", "based", "on", "the", "malware", "’", "s", "code", "in", "the", "package", "named", "“", "golf.", "”", "The", "malware", "involved", ",", "which", "Trend", "Micro", "detects", "as", "AndroidOS_GolfSpy.HRX", ",", "is", "notable", "for", "its", "wide", "range", "of", "cyberespionage", "capabilities", "." ]
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2234
[ "Malicious", "codes", "are", "embedded", "in", "apps", "that", "the", "operators", "repackaged", "from", "legitimate", "applications", "." ]
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2235
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2236
[ "Much", "of", "the", "information", "being", "stolen", "appear", "to", "be", "military-related", "." ]
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2237
[ "The", "campaign", "’", "s", "attack", "vector", "is", "also", "interesting", "." ]
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2238
[ "These", "repackaged", ",", "malware-laden", "apps", "are", "neither", "on", "Google", "Play", "nor", "popular", "third-party", "app", "marketplaces", ",", "and", "we", "only", "saw", "the", "website", "hosting", "the", "malicious", "apps", "being", "promoted", "on", "social", "media", "when", "we", "followed", "GolfSpy", "’", "s", "trail", "." ]
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2239
[ "We", "were", "also", "able", "to", "analyze", "some", "GolfSpy", "samples", "sourced", "from", "the", "Trend", "Micro", "mobile", "app", "reputation", "service", "." ]
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2240
[ "Also", "of", "note", "is", "Bouncing", "Golf", "’", "s", "possible", "connection", "to", "a", "previously", "reported", "mobile", "cyberespionage", "campaign", "that", "researchers", "named", "Domestic", "Kitten", "." ]
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2241
[ "The", "strings", "of", "code", ",", "for", "one", ",", "are", "similarly", "structured", "." ]
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2242
[ "The", "data", "targeted", "for", "theft", "also", "have", "similar", "formats", "." ]
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2243
[ "Figure", "1", "." ]
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2244
[ "GolfSpy", "’", "s", "infection", "chain", "GolfSpy", "'s", "Potential", "Impact", "Given", "GolfSpy", "’", "s", "information-stealing", "capabilities", ",", "this", "malware", "can", "effectively", "hijack", "an", "infected", "Android", "device", "." ]
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2245
[ "Here", "is", "a", "list", "of", "information", "that", "GolfSpy", "steals", ":", "Device", "accounts", "List", "of", "applications", "installed", "in", "the", "device", "Device", "’", "s", "current", "running", "processes", "Battery", "status", "Bookmarks/Histories", "of", "the", "device", "’", "s", "default", "browser", "Call", "logs", "and", "records", "Clipboard", "contents", "Contacts", ",", "including", "those", "in", "VCard", "format", "Mobile", "operator", "information", "Files", "stored", "on", "SDcard", "Device", "location", "List", "of", "image", ",", "audio", ",", "and", "video", "files", "stored", "on", "the", "device", "Storage", "and", "memory", "information", "Connection", "information", "Sensor", "information", "SMS", "messages", "Pictures", "GolfSpy", "also", "has", "a", "function", "that", "lets", "it", "connect", "to", "a", "remote", "server", "to", "fetch", "and", "perform", "commands", ",", "including", ":", "searching", "for", ",", "listing", ",", "deleting", ",", "and", "renaming", "files", "as", "well", "as", "downloading", "a", "file", "into", "and", "retrieving", "a", "file", "from", "the", "device", ";", "taking", "screenshots", ";", "installing", "other", "application", "packages", "(", "APK", ")", ";", "recording", "audio", "and", "video", ";", "and", "updating", "the", "malware", "." ]
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2246
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2247
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2248
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2249
[ "Figure", "2", "." ]
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2250
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2251
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2252
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2253
[ "The", "information", "is", "written", "into", "a", "file", "on", "the", "device", "." ]
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2254
[ "The", "attacker", "can", "choose", "the", "data", "types", "to", "collect", ",", "which", "are", "written", "in", "a", "certain", "format", "." ]
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2255
[ "Figure", "4", "." ]
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2256
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2257
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2258
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2259
[ "It", "will", "also", "take", "a", "photo", "using", "the", "device", "’", "s", "front", "camera", "when", "the", "user", "wakes", "the", "device", "." ]
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2260
[ "Apart", "from", "collecting", "the", "above", "data", ",", "the", "spyware", "monitors", "users", "’", "phone", "calls", ",", "records", "them", ",", "and", "saves", "the", "recorded", "file", "on", "the", "device", "." ]
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2261
[ "GolfSpy", "encrypts", "all", "the", "stolen", "data", "using", "a", "simple", "XOR", "operation", "with", "a", "pre-configured", "key", "before", "sending", "it", "to", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "using", "the", "HTTP", "POST", "method", "." ]
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2262
[ "Figure", "5", "." ]
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2263
[ "Code", "snippets", "showing", "how", "GolfSpy", "monitors", "phone", "calls", "via", "register", "receiver", "(", "top", "left", ")", ",", "its", "actions", "when", "the", "device", "is", "woken", "up", "(", "top", "right", ")", ",", "and", "how", "it", "encrypts", "the", "stolen", "data", "(", "bottom", ")", "The", "malware", "retrieves", "commands", "from", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "via", "HTTP", ",", "and", "attackers", "can", "steal", "specific", "files", "on", "the", "infected", "device", "." ]
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2264
[ "The", "command", "is", "a", "constructed", "string", "split", "into", "three", "parts", "using", "\"", "\"", "as", "a", "separator", "." ]
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2265
[ "The", "first", "part", "is", "the", "target", "directory", ",", "the", "second", "is", "a", "regular", "expression", "used", "to", "match", "specific", "files", ",", "while", "the", "last", "part", "is", "an", "ID", "." ]
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2266
[ "Figure", "6", "." ]
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2267
[ "Example", "of", "a", "command", "that", "steals", "specific", "files", "from", "an", "infected", "device", "’", "s", "application", "(", "top", ")", ",", "and", "GolfSpy", "’", "s", "parse-and-perform", "command", "(", "bottom", ")", "Apart", "from", "the", "HTTP", "POST", "method", ",", "GolfSpy", "also", "creates", "a", "socket", "connection", "to", "the", "remote", "C", "&", "C", "server", "in", "order", "to", "receive", "and", "perform", "additional", "commands", "." ]
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2268
[ "Stolen", "data", "will", "also", "be", "encrypted", "and", "sent", "to", "the", "C", "&", "C", "server", "via", "the", "socket", "connection", "." ]
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2269
[ "The", "encryption", "key", "is", "different", "from", "the", "one", "used", "for", "sending", "stolen", "data", "via", "HTTP", "." ]
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2270
[ "Figure", "7", "." ]
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2271
[ "The", "additional", "commands", "that", "attackers", "can", "carry", "out", "via", "a", "socket", "connection", "(", "top", ")", "and", "the", "key", "used", "to", "encrypt", "the", "stolen", "data", "(", "bottom", ")", "Correlating", "Bouncing", "Golf", "'s", "Activities", "We", "monitored", "Bouncing", "Golf", "’", "s", "C", "&", "C-related", "activities", "and", "saw", "that", "the", "campaign", "has", "affected", "more", "than", "660", "devices", "as", "of", "this", "writing", "." ]
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2272
[ "The", "small", "or", "limited", "number", "is", "understandable", "given", "the", "nature", "of", "this", "campaign", ",", "but", "we", "also", "expect", "it", "to", "increase", "or", "even", "diversify", "in", "terms", "of", "distribution", "." ]
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2273
[ "Most", "of", "the", "affected", "devices", "were", "located", "in", "the", "Middle", "East", ",", "and", "many", "of", "the", "stolen", "data", "we", "saw", "is", "military-related", "(", "e.g.", ",", "images", ",", "documents", ")", "." ]
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2274
[ "Bouncing", "Golf", "’", "s", "operators", "also", "try", "to", "cover", "their", "tracks", "." ]
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2275
[ "The", "registrant", "contact", "details", "of", "the", "C", "&", "C", "domains", "used", "in", "the", "campaign", ",", "for", "instance", ",", "were", "masked", "." ]
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2276
[ "The", "C", "&", "C", "server", "IP", "addresses", "used", "also", "appear", "to", "be", "disparate", ",", "as", "they", "were", "located", "in", "many", "European", "countries", "like", "Russia", ",", "France", ",", "Holland", ",", "and", "Germany", "." ]
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2277
[ "It", "’", "s", "not", "a", "definite", "correlation", ",", "but", "Bouncing", "Golf", "also", "seems", "to", "have", "a", "connection", "with", "Domestic", "Kitten", "due", "to", "similarities", "we", "found", "in", "their", "code", "." ]
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2278
[ "For", "example", ",", "the", "Android", "malware", "that", "both", "deploy", "share", "the", "same", "strings", "of", "code", "for", "their", "decoding", "algorithm", "." ]
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2279
[ "The", "data", "that", "Domestic", "Kitten", "steals", "follows", "a", "similar", "format", "with", "Bouncing", "Golf", "’", "s", ",", "with", "each", "type", "of", "data", "having", "a", "unique", "identifying", "character", "." ]
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2280
[ "It", "’", "s", "also", "worth", "noting", "that", "both", "campaigns", "repackage", "apps", "that", "are", "commonly", "used", "in", "their", "target", "’", "s", "countries", ",", "such", "as", "Telegram", ",", "Kik", ",", "and", "Plus", "messaging", "apps", "." ]
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2281
[ "Figure", "8", "." ]
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2282
[ "Code", "snippets", "showing", ":", "the", "decoding", "algorithm", "shared", "by", "both", "Bouncing", "Golf", "and", "Domestic", "Kitten", "(", "top", ")", ",", "the", "format", "of", "data", "that", "Domestic", "Kitten", "’", "s", "malware", "targets", "to", "steal", "(", "center", ")", ",", "and", "how", "both", "Bouncing", "Golf", "(", "bottom", "left", ")", "and", "Domestic", "Kitten", "(", "bottom", "right", ")", "use", "\"", "\"", "as", "a", "separator", "in", "their", "command", "strings", "." ]
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2283
[ "As", "we", "’", "ve", "seen", "in", "last", "year", "’", "s", "mobile", "threat", "landscape", ",", "we", "expect", "more", "cyberespionage", "campaigns", "targeting", "the", "mobile", "platform", "given", "its", "ubiquity", ",", "employing", "tried-and-tested", "techniques", "to", "lure", "unwitting", "users", "." ]
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2284
[ "The", "extent", "of", "information", "that", "these", "kinds", "of", "threats", "can", "steal", "is", "also", "significant", ",", "as", "it", "lets", "attackers", "virtually", "take", "over", "a", "compromised", "device", "." ]
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2285
[ "Users", "should", "adopt", "best", "practices", ",", "while", "organizations", "should", "ensure", "that", "they", "balance", "the", "need", "for", "mobility", "and", "the", "importance", "of", "security", "." ]
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2286
[ "End", "users", "and", "enterprises", "can", "also", "benefit", "from", "multilayered", "mobile", "security", "solutions", "such", "as", "Trend", "Micro™", "Mobile", "Security™", "." ]
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2287
[ "Trend", "Micro™", "Mobile", "Security", "for", "Enterprise", "provides", "device", ",", "compliance", "and", "application", "management", ",", "data", "protection", ",", "and", "configuration", "provisioning", ",", "as", "well", "as", "protects", "devices", "from", "attacks", "that", "exploit", "vulnerabilities", ",", "preventing", "unauthorized", "access", "to", "apps", ",", "and", "detecting", "and", "blocking", "malware", "and", "fraudulent", "websites", "." ]
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2288
[ "Trend", "Micro", "’", "s", "Mobile", "App", "Reputation", "Service", "(", "MARS", ")", "covers", "Android", "and", "iOS", "threats", "using", "leading", "sandbox", "and", "machine", "learning", "technologies", ",", "protecting", "devices", "against", "malware", ",", "zero-day", "and", "known", "exploits", ",", "privacy", "leaks", ",", "and", "application", "vulnerabilities", "." ]
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2289
[ "Several", "weeks", "ago", ",", "Check", "Point", "Mobile", "Threat", "Prevention", "detected", "and", "quarantined", "the", "Android", "device", "of", "an", "unsuspecting", "customer", "employee", "who", "downloaded", "and", "installed", "a", "0day", "mobile", "ransomware", "from", "Google", "Play", "dubbed", "“", "Charger.", "”", "This", "incident", "demonstrates", "how", "malware", "can", "be", "a", "dangerous", "threat", "to", "your", "business", ",", "and", "how", "advanced", "behavioral", "detection", "fills", "mobile", "security", "gaps", "attackers", "use", "to", "penetrate", "entire", "networks", "." ]
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2290
[ "Charger", "was", "found", "embedded", "in", "an", "app", "called", "EnergyRescue", "." ]
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2291
[ "The", "infected", "app", "steals", "contacts", "and", "SMS", "messages", "from", "the", "user", "’", "s", "device", "and", "asks", "for", "admin", "permissions", "." ]
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2292
[ "If", "granted", ",", "the", "ransomware", "locks", "the", "device", "and", "displays", "a", "message", "demanding", "payment", ":", "You", "need", "to", "pay", "for", "us", ",", "otherwise", "we", "will", "sell", "portion", "of", "your", "personal", "information", "on", "black", "market", "every", "30", "minutes", "." ]
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2293
[ "WE", "GIVE", "100", "%", "GUARANTEE", "THAT", "ALL", "FILES", "WILL", "RESTORE", "AFTER", "WE", "RECEIVE", "PAYMENT", "." ]
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2294
[ "WE", "WILL", "UNLOCK", "THE", "MOBILE", "DEVICE", "AND", "DELETE", "ALL", "YOUR", "DATA", "FROM", "OUR", "SERVER", "!", "TURNING", "OFF", "YOUR", "PHONE", "IS", "MEANINGLESS", ",", "ALL", "YOUR", "DATA", "IS", "ALREADY", "STORED", "ON", "OUR", "SERVERS", "!", "WE", "STILL", "CAN", "SELLING", "IT", "FOR", "SPAM", ",", "FAKE", ",", "BANK", "CRIME", "etc…", "We", "collect", "and", "download", "all", "of", "your", "personal", "data", "." ]
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2295
[ "All", "information", "about", "your", "social", "networks", ",", "Bank", "accounts", ",", "Credit", "Cards", "." ]
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2296
[ "We", "collect", "all", "data", "about", "your", "friends", "and", "family", "." ]
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2297
[ "The", "ransom", "demand", "for", "0.2", "Bitcoins", "(", "roughly", "$", "180", ")", "is", "a", "much", "higher", "ransom", "demand", "than", "has", "been", "seen", "in", "mobile", "ransomware", "so", "far", "." ]
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2298
[ "By", "comparison", ",", "the", "DataLust", "ransomware", "demanded", "merely", "$", "15", "." ]
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2299
[ "Payments", "are", "made", "to", "a", "specific", "Bitcoin", "account", ",", "but", "we", "haven", "’", "t", "identified", "any", "payments", "so", "far", "." ]
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