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7722148

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid discharge head and a liquid discharge apparatus using the liquid discharge head. 2. Description of the Related Art An ink jet printer (ink jet recording apparatus) is now being widely used as a liquid discharge apparatus. An ink jet head is used as a liquid discharge head in that printer. That ink jet head is based on various types of liquid discharge principles. The widespread type used in particular is an ink jet head applying thermal energy to ink to discharge ink drops from a discharge port. That type of ink jet head is advantageous in that responsiveness to record signals is good and enhancement in high density of the discharge port on a multilevel basis is easy. However, in an ink jet printer (ink jet recording apparatus) with such an ink jet head, foreign material occasionally blocks the discharge port or bubbles mixed into inside the ink supply route occasionally blocks the ink supply route thereof. An occurrence of such events will result in ink discharge defects of an ink jet head. In particular, a so-called full-line type recording apparatus provided with a great number of discharge ports being arranged in a lined state enabling ink jet recording corresponding with the entire width of recording media enables rapid recording execution. Nevertheless, it is extremely important to specify the discharge port (discharge nozzle) having caused discharge defects rapidly to be reflected onto image complementation and ink discharge recovering work. Technology for solution of such discharge defects is known. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H6-079956 describes a recording method, moving image data to be given to an abnormal recording element to image data to be given to another recording element even in an occurrence of abnormality in a recording element and thereby causing the other recording element to complement the record. However, that recording method carries out processing of reading a check pattern discharged onto a detection sheet to detect an abnormal recording element and to superpose image data to be added to that detected recording element onto image data of another recording element. That processing is applicable to a recording apparatus with slow response speed, but is hardly applicable to a recording element with fast response speed such as a full-line type recording apparatus. Moreover, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. H2-276647 describes a recording apparatus for detecting a discharge port having caused discharge defects in a line-type recording head to carry out recording with a serial type recording head on a recording position corresponding with the discharge port. However, that discharge defect detection method detects transmitting a heat timing signal to a heat generating resistor member, and detects a signal flowing in the heat generating resistor member at that occasion to detect whether or not the heat resistor member is broken. Moreover, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. S58-118267 described a recording head as illustrated inFIG. 16. There described is a liquid discharge apparatus provided with a temperature change detecting conductor portion102inside a flow channel (inside a nozzle) between adjacent electrothermal energy transducing members101, including a plurality of nozzles100arranged in a row. Moreover, there also described is a liquid discharge apparatus provided with a conductor portion102on the rear surface of the side opposite to the surface of a substrate103provided with an electrothermal energy transducing member101and in a position corresponding with a nozzle100. However, the case where the conductor portion102is provided sideway of the electrothermal energy transducing member101is susceptible to influence of heat of the adjacent electrothermal energy transducing member and is susceptible to influence covering thickness of the substrate103in the case of providing the conductor portion102on the rear surface side of the substrate103. Therefore, it becomes difficult to precisely detect temperature changes occurring due to repetition of rapid temperature increase and decrease within an extremely short time period. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a compact and highly reliable recording head enabling precise detection of temperature information on each nozzle and rapid as well as highly accurate detection on nozzles with a discharge defect. Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid discharge head including a plurality of electrothermal transducing members provided on a substrate to generate heat energy for discharging liquid from a discharge port, including a temperature detecting element formed immediately under each of the plurality of electrothermal transducing members to sandwich insulating film; and a temperature detecting circuit for detecting temperature information from each of the temperature detecting elements. Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid discharge head and a liquid discharge apparatus using the liquid discharge head. 2. Description of the Related Art An ink jet printer (ink jet recording apparatus) is now being widely used as a liquid discharge apparatus. An ink jet head is used as a liquid discharge head in that printer. That ink jet head is based on various types of liquid discharge principles. The widespread type used in particular is an ink jet head applying thermal energy to ink to discharge ink drops from a discharge port. That type of ink jet head is advantageous in that responsiveness to record signals is good and enhancement in high density of the discharge port on a multilevel basis is easy. However, in an ink jet printer (ink jet recording apparatus) with such an ink jet head, foreign material occasionally blocks the discharge port or bubbles mixed into inside the ink supply route occasionally blocks the ink supply route thereof. An occurrence of such events will result in ink discharge defects of an ink jet head. In particular, a so-called full-line type recording apparatus provided with a great number of discharge ports being arranged in a lined state enabling ink jet recording corresponding with the entire width of recording media enables rapid recording execution. Nevertheless, it is extremely important to specify the discharge port (discharge nozzle) having caused discharge defects rapidly to be reflected onto image complementation and ink discharge recovering work. Technology for solution of such discharge defects is known. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H6-079956 describes a recording method, moving image data to be given to an abnormal recording element to image data to be given to another recording element even in an occurrence of abnormality in a recording element and thereby causing the other recording element to complement the record. However, that recording method carries out processing of reading a check pattern discharged onto a detection sheet to detect an abnormal recording element and to superpose image data to be added to that detected recording element onto image data of another recording element. That processing is applicable to a recording apparatus with slow response speed, but is hardly applicable to a recording element with fast response speed such as a full-line type recording apparatus. Moreover, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. H2-276647 describes a recording apparatus for detecting a discharge port having caused discharge defects in a line-type recording head to carry out recording with a serial type recording head on a recording position corresponding with the discharge port. However, that discharge defect detection method detects transmitting a heat timing signal to a heat generating resistor member, and detects a signal flowing in the heat generating resistor member at that occasion to detect whether or not the heat resistor member is broken. Moreover, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. S58-118267 described a recording head as illustrated inFIG. 16. There described is a liquid discharge apparatus provided with a temperature change detecting conductor portion102inside a flow channel (inside a nozzle) between adjacent electrothermal energy transducing members101, including a plurality of nozzles100arranged in a row. Moreover, there also described is a liquid discharge apparatus provided with a conductor portion102on the rear surface of the side opposite to the surface of a substrate103provided with an electrothermal energy transducing member101and in a position corresponding with a nozzle100. However, the case where the conductor portion102is provided sideway of the electrothermal energy transducing member101is susceptible to influence of heat of the adjacent electrothermal energy transducing member and is susceptible to influence covering thickness of the substrate103in the case of providing the conductor portion102on the rear surface side of the substrate103. Therefore, it becomes difficult to precisely detect temperature changes occurring due to repetition of rapid temperature increase and decrease within an extremely short time period. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a compact and highly reliable recording head enabling precise detection of temperature information on each nozzle and rapid as well as highly accurate detection on nozzles with a discharge defect. Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid discharge head including a plurality of electrothermal transducing members provided on a substrate to generate heat energy for discharging liquid from a discharge port, including a temperature detecting element formed immediately under each of the plurality of electrothermal transducing members to sandwich insulating film; and a temperature detecting circuit for detecting temperature information from each of the temperature detecting elements. Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.

7732140

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is related to the field of bioelectrical circuit analyzers, and more specifically to bioelectrical circuit analyzers capable of identifying and categorizing various biomolecules and biomolecular complexes by electrical parameter analysis thereof. Detection of antigens such as viruses and bacteria is critical for medical diagnoses. Currently, the commonly used methods for immunological tests include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). However, these multi-step techniques tend to be tedious and expensive. Hence, there is considerable effort directed towards development of microsensors, in particular immunosensors that can allow quick and precise detection of molecules. Identification of biomolecular complexes also is advantageous in research, e.g. pharmaceutical research and development. As one example, a gene regulatory protein can be identified by its ability to bind to a specific deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. Current methods for detecting such complexes include radiometric, fluorometric and chromogenic assays. Such assays provide only a binary yes-no answer and cannot provide more advanced data, such as differentiation among different binding species. Electrical detection methods have been based on potentiometric, piezoelectric, and capacitive systems. Potentiometric systems measure the variation in the surface potential of an electrode or change in drain current of a transistor. These measurements tend to be non-specific. Piezoelectric systems measure the change in the mass of molecules bound to a quartz surface, but suffer from instabilities and problems with calibration. Capacitive measurements have been used for detection of DNA and cell structures, such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,630 (Eggers et al.); U.S. Pat. No. 6,169,394 (Frazier et al.); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,846,708 (Hollis et al.). In these studies, the substrates have consisted of Si/SiO2or metal electrodes coated with insulating material. These approaches further have focused on determination of a unique “resonance frequency” for a given molecule or complex. Capacitive detection of antibodies and antigens bound to a sensor surface has been reported. However, these electrical detection approaches have employed only a fixed frequency to detect relative changes in the dielectric constant due to binding to the sensor surface. The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is related to the field of bioelectrical circuit analyzers, and more specifically to bioelectrical circuit analyzers capable of identifying and categorizing various biomolecules and biomolecular complexes by electrical parameter analysis thereof. Detection of antigens such as viruses and bacteria is critical for medical diagnoses. Currently, the commonly used methods for immunological tests include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). However, these multi-step techniques tend to be tedious and expensive. Hence, there is considerable effort directed towards development of microsensors, in particular immunosensors that can allow quick and precise detection of molecules. Identification of biomolecular complexes also is advantageous in research, e.g. pharmaceutical research and development. As one example, a gene regulatory protein can be identified by its ability to bind to a specific deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. Current methods for detecting such complexes include radiometric, fluorometric and chromogenic assays. Such assays provide only a binary yes-no answer and cannot provide more advanced data, such as differentiation among different binding species. Electrical detection methods have been based on potentiometric, piezoelectric, and capacitive systems. Potentiometric systems measure the variation in the surface potential of an electrode or change in drain current of a transistor. These measurements tend to be non-specific. Piezoelectric systems measure the change in the mass of molecules bound to a quartz surface, but suffer from instabilities and problems with calibration. Capacitive measurements have been used for detection of DNA and cell structures, such as U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,630 (Eggers et al.); U.S. Pat. No. 6,169,394 (Frazier et al.); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,846,708 (Hollis et al.). In these studies, the substrates have consisted of Si/SiO2or metal electrodes coated with insulating material. These approaches further have focused on determination of a unique “resonance frequency” for a given molecule or complex. Capacitive detection of antibodies and antigens bound to a sensor surface has been reported. However, these electrical detection approaches have employed only a fixed frequency to detect relative changes in the dielectric constant due to binding to the sensor surface. The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.

7813611

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to optical fibers suitable for use in sensing applications in harsh environments. 2. Technical Background Optical fiber has become a favorite medium for telecommunications due to its high transmission capacity and immunity to electrical noise. Over the past decade, optical fibers have also been used in point and/or distributed sensing applications. Fiber has been used in oil and gas industries to provide critical information for oil exploration, well drilling and production. In these oil/gas wells, optical fibers are used as distributed sensors to monitor/gauge temperature, pressure, and flow information along the depth of geophysical wells. However, the harsh down-hole environment presents a severe reliability challenge. In a typical down-hole environment, optical fiber experiences high temperature (up to 300° C.), high pressure (up to 1000 atm), moisture, hydrogen and other harmful species such as CO2, and H2S. Specialized fiber coating designs have been developed to protect the optical fibers used in such harsh environments. For example, amorphous carbon-based thin coating (so called “hermetic coating”) and metal coatings have been used. However, there has not much work done in the area of the composition of silica glass in the fiber other than using either pure silica core fibers with a Fluorine-doped cladding, or, more typically, fibers with cores consisting of Ge doped silica. Hermetic coating provides a protective layer which prevents ingress of molecular water or hydrogen into silica glass of the fiber. Hermetic coating also enables highly reliable deployment of the fiber under smaller coil diameters. The presence of hermetic coating provides the optical fiber with improved mechanical integrity. Ge doped fibers have an absorption peak in the visible and near-IR wavelength. Furthermore, our recent studies revealed that applying a hermetic coating onto GeO2-doped fibers completely hinders H2ingression into fiber core for temperatures up to 150° C., but not above 170° C. For example, elevated attenuation peak at 1240 and 1381 nm and overall elevation of background loss is observed. This indicates that the hermetic layer is no longer genuinely hermetic at temperatures above 170° C. Pure silica core fibers with hermetic coatings also experience loss increase at temperatures above 170° C. and may start having reliability issues at these temperatures. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The scope of the present invention is determined by the appended claims. According to one example of the invention an optical fiber comprises: (i) silica based Al doped core having a first index of refraction n1; (ii) at least one silica based cladding surrounding the core and having a second index of refraction n2, such that n1>n2; and (iii) a coating surrounding said cladding, said coating being 5 μm to 80 μm thick. Preferably, a hermetic coating is situated between the cladding and the coating that surrounds the cladding. In some embodiments the optical fiber has a single mode core. In some other embodiments the optical fiber has a multimode core. Some of the advantages the optical fibers disclosed herein are: high reliability at temperatures above 170° C. These fibers also can be used in other harsh environments, in sensing applications that utilize Ge doped fibers, or pure silica core fibers. One of the advantages of the optical fiber according to the embodiments of the present invention is much less H2aging around 1064 nm wavelength. It is noted that the wavelength range of 1064 nm is the main operating window in Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) application for gas/oil sensing applications. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the invention as described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description present embodiments of the invention, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the invention as it is claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operations of the invention.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to optical fibers suitable for use in sensing applications in harsh environments. 2. Technical Background Optical fiber has become a favorite medium for telecommunications due to its high transmission capacity and immunity to electrical noise. Over the past decade, optical fibers have also been used in point and/or distributed sensing applications. Fiber has been used in oil and gas industries to provide critical information for oil exploration, well drilling and production. In these oil/gas wells, optical fibers are used as distributed sensors to monitor/gauge temperature, pressure, and flow information along the depth of geophysical wells. However, the harsh down-hole environment presents a severe reliability challenge. In a typical down-hole environment, optical fiber experiences high temperature (up to 300° C.), high pressure (up to 1000 atm), moisture, hydrogen and other harmful species such as CO2, and H2S. Specialized fiber coating designs have been developed to protect the optical fibers used in such harsh environments. For example, amorphous carbon-based thin coating (so called “hermetic coating”) and metal coatings have been used. However, there has not much work done in the area of the composition of silica glass in the fiber other than using either pure silica core fibers with a Fluorine-doped cladding, or, more typically, fibers with cores consisting of Ge doped silica. Hermetic coating provides a protective layer which prevents ingress of molecular water or hydrogen into silica glass of the fiber. Hermetic coating also enables highly reliable deployment of the fiber under smaller coil diameters. The presence of hermetic coating provides the optical fiber with improved mechanical integrity. Ge doped fibers have an absorption peak in the visible and near-IR wavelength. Furthermore, our recent studies revealed that applying a hermetic coating onto GeO2-doped fibers completely hinders H2ingression into fiber core for temperatures up to 150° C., but not above 170° C. For example, elevated attenuation peak at 1240 and 1381 nm and overall elevation of background loss is observed. This indicates that the hermetic layer is no longer genuinely hermetic at temperatures above 170° C. Pure silica core fibers with hermetic coatings also experience loss increase at temperatures above 170° C. and may start having reliability issues at these temperatures. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The scope of the present invention is determined by the appended claims. According to one example of the invention an optical fiber comprises: (i) silica based Al doped core having a first index of refraction n1; (ii) at least one silica based cladding surrounding the core and having a second index of refraction n2, such that n1>n2; and (iii) a coating surrounding said cladding, said coating being 5 μm to 80 μm thick. Preferably, a hermetic coating is situated between the cladding and the coating that surrounds the cladding. In some embodiments the optical fiber has a single mode core. In some other embodiments the optical fiber has a multimode core. Some of the advantages the optical fibers disclosed herein are: high reliability at temperatures above 170° C. These fibers also can be used in other harsh environments, in sensing applications that utilize Ge doped fibers, or pure silica core fibers. One of the advantages of the optical fiber according to the embodiments of the present invention is much less H2aging around 1064 nm wavelength. It is noted that the wavelength range of 1064 nm is the main operating window in Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) application for gas/oil sensing applications. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the invention as described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description present embodiments of the invention, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the invention as it is claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operations of the invention. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.

7745373

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a single-step method for the simultaneous decomposition and activation of highly dispersed noble metals on catalytic supports. Currently, most noble metal catalysts are made by impregnating or exchanging noble metal complexes into or onto a catalytic support. It is dried to remove water and then calcined in air to decompose the highly dispersed noble metal complexes to the noble metal oxides. In a separate step, the noble metal oxides must then be reduced in the presence of hydrogen to produce the active, highly dispersed noble metals. Combining the decomposition and reduction of the noble metal complexes into a single step would significantly reduce the manufacturing cost of noble metal catalysts. The present invention is a method for decomposition and reduction in a single step with noble metal complexes for impregnation or exchange. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a method to decompose and activate a noble metal complex including a noble metal catalyst on a catalyst support. In a preferred embodiment, the noble metal catalyst is a combination of platinum and palladium on a mesoporous or zeolite support. In another preferred embodiment, the supported metal catalyst is palladium and platinum supported on MCM-41 bound with alumina, which is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,684.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a single-step method for the simultaneous decomposition and activation of highly dispersed noble metals on catalytic supports. Currently, most noble metal catalysts are made by impregnating or exchanging noble metal complexes into or onto a catalytic support. It is dried to remove water and then calcined in air to decompose the highly dispersed noble metal complexes to the noble metal oxides. In a separate step, the noble metal oxides must then be reduced in the presence of hydrogen to produce the active, highly dispersed noble metals. Combining the decomposition and reduction of the noble metal complexes into a single step would significantly reduce the manufacturing cost of noble metal catalysts. The present invention is a method for decomposition and reduction in a single step with noble metal complexes for impregnation or exchange. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a method to decompose and activate a noble metal complex including a noble metal catalyst on a catalyst support. In a preferred embodiment, the noble metal catalyst is a combination of platinum and palladium on a mesoporous or zeolite support. In another preferred embodiment, the supported metal catalyst is palladium and platinum supported on MCM-41 bound with alumina, which is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,684. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.

7823678

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present application claims priority under 35 USC 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-120815 filed on Apr. 15, 2004 the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a motorcycle comprising a vehicle speed sensor such that the teeth of a gear constituting a torque transmission mechanism for transmitting a drive torque from a power unit to a drive wheel constitute a portion to be detected. 2. Description Background Art In the motorcycle disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3209663, a sensor constituting a rear wheel rotational speed device is mounted to a gear case connected to the rear end of a rear fork, and the tip end of the sensor is formed slantly along the tooth surface of a first rear gear of a rear-side bevel gear. This ensures that it is unnecessary to provide a multiple-toothed rotor separately from the first rear gear, as a portion to be detected by the sensor for detecting the rotational speed of the rear wheel. In the sensor disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3209663, the tip end thereof is slanted to be along the tooth surface of the first rear gear, while an inserted portion inserted in a gear case extends along a direction orthogonal to the rotational centerline of the first rear gear, so that the tip end extends in a direction different from the direction in which the tip end is opposed to the tooth surface. Therefore, a versatile sensor such that the direction in which the tip end is opposed to the tooth surface and the direction in which the inserted portion extends coincide with each other cannot be used. Thus, this sensor leads to a high cost. Further, since the inserted portion extends in a direction orthogonal to the rotational centerline of the first rear gear, the projection amount of the sensor on the outside in the radial direction of the first rear gear is large. Therefore, it is impossible to compactly dispose the sensor on the outside in the radial direction of the first rear gear. In relation to members disposed in the vicinity of the sensor, there arise limitations in the layout of the sensor and in the laying of electric wires connected to the sensor. In addition, where the sensor is covered with a cover, the cover would be large. Thus, the gap between the tip end of the sensor and the tooth surface which has a relationship with the detection accuracy varies depending on the mount position in the circumferential direction of the sensor, for example, the mount position in the circumferential direction with the center axis line as a center, so that an adjustment of the gap between the tip end of the sensor and the tooth surface takes time, and the mountability of the sensor is poor. SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in consideration with the above-mentioned circumstances. It is an object of the present invention to achieve a reduction in cost, to achieve an enhancement in the mountability of a vehicle speed sensor, and to lay out the vehicle speed sensor compactly on the outside in the radial direction of a gear, through adopting a versatile vehicle speed sensor. It is a further object of the present invention to lay out the vehicle speed sensor compactly in the vehicle width direction. Another object of the invention is to increase the degree of freedom in laying electric wires connected to the vehicle speed sensor. The present invention includes a power unit having an engine and a torque take-out shaft for outputting a torque generated by the engine as a drive torque. A torque transmission mechanism includes a gear pair including bevel gears and a drive shaft, for transmitting the drive torque from the torque take-out shaft to a drive wheel. A vehicle speed sensor is provided such that gear teeth of one of a drive gear and a driven gear constituting the gear pair constitute a portion to be detected. The vehicle speed sensor includes a main body portion having a detecting portion opposed to the addendum of the one gear in a direction normal to the face cone surface of the one gear. The main body portion is disposed to extend in the normal direction. According to this, the direction in which the detecting portion is opposed to the addendum and the direction in which the main body portion extends coincide with each other, so that a versatile ordinary vehicle speed sensor for detection of the rotational speed can be used as a vehicle speed sensor such that the teeth of one gear composed of a bevel gear constitute a portion to be detected. Moreover, since the gap between the vehicle speed sensor and the addendum does not vary depending on the mount position in the circumferential direction of the vehicle speed sensor, it is easy to adjust the gap between the vehicle speed sensor and the addendum for securing detection accuracy. Furthermore, the projection amount of the vehicle speed sensor on the outside in the radial direction of the gear is reduced. The present invention provides a gear pair that is interposed between the torque take-out shaft and the drive shaft extending in the front-rear direction, the one gear is the driven gear connected to the drive shaft and having a rotational centerline extending in the front-rear direction, and the main body portion is disposed on the outer side in the vehicle width direction relative to the rotational centerline. This ensures that the projection amount of the vehicle body sensor to the outer side in the vehicle width direction is reduced, notwithstanding the main body portion of the vehicle speed sensor is disposed on the outside in the vehicle width direction. The present invention provides a meshing portion between the drive gear and the driven gear and the torque take-out shaft that are located on the inner side in the vehicle width direction relative to the rotational centerline. This ensures that the drive gear and the torque take-out shaft are absent on the outer side in the vehicle width direction relative to the rotational centerline of the gear on one side on which the vehicle speed sensor is laid out, and it is possible to form a space in the surroundings of the vehicle speed sensor. The present invention provides a combination of elements including a versatile ordinary sensor that can be used as the vehicle speed sensor to achieve a reduction in cost. In addition, since it is easy to adjust the gap between the vehicle speed sensor and the addendum, the mountability of the vehicle speed sensor is enhanced. Further, since the projection amount of the vehicle speed sensor on the outside in the radial direction of the gear is reduced, the vehicle speed sensor can be disposed compactly on the outside in the radial direction of the gear, and the degree of freedom in laying out the vehicle speed sensor is increased. The present invention provides a combination of elements including a vehicle speed sensor that can be laid out compactly in the vehicle width direction. The present invention provides a combination of elements including a space that is formed in the surroundings of the vehicle speed sensor. Thus, it is easy to lay electric wires connected to the vehicle speed sensor, and the degree of freedom in the laying is increased. Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present application claims priority under 35 USC 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-120815 filed on Apr. 15, 2004 the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a motorcycle comprising a vehicle speed sensor such that the teeth of a gear constituting a torque transmission mechanism for transmitting a drive torque from a power unit to a drive wheel constitute a portion to be detected. 2. Description Background Art In the motorcycle disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3209663, a sensor constituting a rear wheel rotational speed device is mounted to a gear case connected to the rear end of a rear fork, and the tip end of the sensor is formed slantly along the tooth surface of a first rear gear of a rear-side bevel gear. This ensures that it is unnecessary to provide a multiple-toothed rotor separately from the first rear gear, as a portion to be detected by the sensor for detecting the rotational speed of the rear wheel. In the sensor disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3209663, the tip end thereof is slanted to be along the tooth surface of the first rear gear, while an inserted portion inserted in a gear case extends along a direction orthogonal to the rotational centerline of the first rear gear, so that the tip end extends in a direction different from the direction in which the tip end is opposed to the tooth surface. Therefore, a versatile sensor such that the direction in which the tip end is opposed to the tooth surface and the direction in which the inserted portion extends coincide with each other cannot be used. Thus, this sensor leads to a high cost. Further, since the inserted portion extends in a direction orthogonal to the rotational centerline of the first rear gear, the projection amount of the sensor on the outside in the radial direction of the first rear gear is large. Therefore, it is impossible to compactly dispose the sensor on the outside in the radial direction of the first rear gear. In relation to members disposed in the vicinity of the sensor, there arise limitations in the layout of the sensor and in the laying of electric wires connected to the sensor. In addition, where the sensor is covered with a cover, the cover would be large. Thus, the gap between the tip end of the sensor and the tooth surface which has a relationship with the detection accuracy varies depending on the mount position in the circumferential direction of the sensor, for example, the mount position in the circumferential direction with the center axis line as a center, so that an adjustment of the gap between the tip end of the sensor and the tooth surface takes time, and the mountability of the sensor is poor. SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in consideration with the above-mentioned circumstances. It is an object of the present invention to achieve a reduction in cost, to achieve an enhancement in the mountability of a vehicle speed sensor, and to lay out the vehicle speed sensor compactly on the outside in the radial direction of a gear, through adopting a versatile vehicle speed sensor. It is a further object of the present invention to lay out the vehicle speed sensor compactly in the vehicle width direction. Another object of the invention is to increase the degree of freedom in laying electric wires connected to the vehicle speed sensor. The present invention includes a power unit having an engine and a torque take-out shaft for outputting a torque generated by the engine as a drive torque. A torque transmission mechanism includes a gear pair including bevel gears and a drive shaft, for transmitting the drive torque from the torque take-out shaft to a drive wheel. A vehicle speed sensor is provided such that gear teeth of one of a drive gear and a driven gear constituting the gear pair constitute a portion to be detected. The vehicle speed sensor includes a main body portion having a detecting portion opposed to the addendum of the one gear in a direction normal to the face cone surface of the one gear. The main body portion is disposed to extend in the normal direction. According to this, the direction in which the detecting portion is opposed to the addendum and the direction in which the main body portion extends coincide with each other, so that a versatile ordinary vehicle speed sensor for detection of the rotational speed can be used as a vehicle speed sensor such that the teeth of one gear composed of a bevel gear constitute a portion to be detected. Moreover, since the gap between the vehicle speed sensor and the addendum does not vary depending on the mount position in the circumferential direction of the vehicle speed sensor, it is easy to adjust the gap between the vehicle speed sensor and the addendum for securing detection accuracy. Furthermore, the projection amount of the vehicle speed sensor on the outside in the radial direction of the gear is reduced. The present invention provides a gear pair that is interposed between the torque take-out shaft and the drive shaft extending in the front-rear direction, the one gear is the driven gear connected to the drive shaft and having a rotational centerline extending in the front-rear direction, and the main body portion is disposed on the outer side in the vehicle width direction relative to the rotational centerline. This ensures that the projection amount of the vehicle body sensor to the outer side in the vehicle width direction is reduced, notwithstanding the main body portion of the vehicle speed sensor is disposed on the outside in the vehicle width direction. The present invention provides a meshing portion between the drive gear and the driven gear and the torque take-out shaft that are located on the inner side in the vehicle width direction relative to the rotational centerline. This ensures that the drive gear and the torque take-out shaft are absent on the outer side in the vehicle width direction relative to the rotational centerline of the gear on one side on which the vehicle speed sensor is laid out, and it is possible to form a space in the surroundings of the vehicle speed sensor. The present invention provides a combination of elements including a versatile ordinary sensor that can be used as the vehicle speed sensor to achieve a reduction in cost. In addition, since it is easy to adjust the gap between the vehicle speed sensor and the addendum, the mountability of the vehicle speed sensor is enhanced. Further, since the projection amount of the vehicle speed sensor on the outside in the radial direction of the gear is reduced, the vehicle speed sensor can be disposed compactly on the outside in the radial direction of the gear, and the degree of freedom in laying out the vehicle speed sensor is increased. The present invention provides a combination of elements including a vehicle speed sensor that can be laid out compactly in the vehicle width direction. The present invention provides a combination of elements including a space that is formed in the surroundings of the vehicle speed sensor. Thus, it is easy to lay electric wires connected to the vehicle speed sensor, and the degree of freedom in the laying is increased. Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.

7708547

RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the priority of French patent application filed Jan. 3, 2007, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of feeding rubber to a rubber-consumer device and to an installation for feeding rubber to said rubber-consumer device. The invention applies in particular to feeding rubber to an extruder for producing a rubber extrusion for use in tire manufacture. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the state of the art, a method is already known for feeding rubber to at least a first rubber-consumer device, the method being of the type in which a strip of rubber is moved continuously from a rubber-supplier device to the first consumer device. In the particular application envisaged above, the extruder forms the first rubber-consumer device. The extruder is fed with the strip of rubber. The width of the strip of rubber needs to be matched to the delivery rate of the extruder. In certain situations, it is desirable to use small extruders, in particular extruders that deliver extruded rubber at a rate of less than 3 kilograms per minute (kg/min). Such a rate is satisfactory given the advantage achieved by the small hinderance of such an extruder. Optimizing the production of strips of rubber leads to strips being made that are relatively wide, typically strips that are 800 millimeters (mm) to 1000 mm wide. Consequently, when not using an extruder that is overdimensioned and capable of consuming that type of relatively wide strip of rubber directly, the strip is sliced into a plurality of slices, each of width adapted to an extruder having a low extrusion rate. That therefore leads to expensive slicing operations that are generally performed on premises that are different from the premises on which the rubber is consumed, involving intermediate storage, and/or handling of sliced rubber strip. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the present invention is to enable extruders of a variety of extrusion rates to be used, in particular extruders presenting low rates, while limiting as much as possible operations of slicing the strips of rubber for feeding them. To this end, one aspect of the invention is directed to a method of feeding rubber to at least a first rubber-consumer device, the method being of the above-specified type wherein, during the continuous movement, and prior to reaching the consumer device, a portion, referred to as the residue, is taken continuously from the strip of rubber. By taking an appropriate quantity of residue, the strip of rubber feeding the first consumer device is matched to the extrusion rate thereof, whatever that rate might be. Thus, an embodiment of the invention makes it possible, on the premises where the rubber is consumed, to take a residue from the total strip of rubber that constitutes an increasingly large fraction thereof when the consumer device presents low rubber consumption capacity, or conversely a decreasingly small fraction when the consumer device presents higher rubber consumption capacity. It is thus possible with a relatively wide strip of rubber to feed a consumer device presenting consumption capacity that can equally well be low or high, while avoiding any need, with a low consumption capacity device, to slice the strip of rubber away from the premises on which the rubber is consumed, avoiding any intermediate storage of sliced rubber, and avoiding operations of handling slices of the initial strip of rubber. According to other characteristics of the method of the invention that are optional:The residue is taken by continuously cutting off a residue strip from the strip of rubber.The residue strip presents a width lying in the range one-half to nine-tenths the width of the strip of rubber.The first consumer device is an extruder.The supplier device includes upstream rubber storage means from which the strip of rubber is moved towards each consumer device. According to another optional characteristic of the method of the invention, the residue is stored in downstream storage means. Advantageously, the upstream and downstream storage means are swapped over after the strip of rubber in the upstream storage means has been used up. Thus, when the strip of rubber feeding the first consumer device has been completely used up, the upstream and downstream storage means are swapped over so that the storage means containing the residue becomes, in turn, the rubber-supplier device. The swapping operation can be performed as often as is possible, given the width of the initial strip and the consumption rate of the consumer device. Furthermore, the last feeder strip corresponding to the last residue can be fed directly to the consumer device, thus allowing the storage means to be refilled concurrently without interrupting production. In an implementation of the method, a second rubber-consumer device is fed with the residue. When the strip of rubber presents a width that is suitable for feeding two consumer devices, the width of the strip fed to the first consumer device is adapted to the consumption capacity of said first consumer device and the width of the residue is adapted to the consumption capacity of the second consumer device. This avoids any need to store the residue. The width of the cut is regulated with the help of appropriate means, thereby making it possible, in real time, to adjust the rate at which the consumer device is fed, which can be particularly advantageous when the consumer device needs to adapt to variations associated with the fabrication process downstream. Another aspect of the invention is directed to an installation for feeding rubber to at least the first rubber-consumer device, the installation being of the type comprising means for continuously moving a strip of rubber from a rubber-supplier device to the first consumer device, the installation including taker means for continuously taking a portion, referred to as a residue, from the strip of rubber, said taker means being arranged upstream from the first consumer device. Such an installation makes it possible to take the residue in such a manner that the strip of rubber fed to the first consumer device is adapted to said first consumer device. According to optional characteristics of the installation of the invention:The taker means comprise means for continuously cutting off a strip that is taken from the strip of rubber.The installation includes means for automatically positioning cutter means transversely relative to the longitudinal edges of the strip of rubber. Such means are advantageous since they make it possible to have a residue strip of varying width and a strip feeding the consumer device that is of constant width. Such an installation is thus advantageous when the strip of rubber presents irregular longitudinal edges.The first consumer device is an extruder.The extruder comprises an extruder worm screw of diameter less than 90 mm, the extruder presenting, where appropriate, an extruded rubber delivery rate of less than 3 kg/min.The installation includes upstream rubber storage means from which the strip of rubber is to be moved towards each consumer device.The supplier device includes downstream storage means for storing the residue.The installation includes swap means for swapping over the upstream and downstream storage means.The swap means comprise a movable support movable in rotation about an axis, the upstream and downstream storage means being carried by the movable support. Such swap means are effective and easy to make. In an embodiment of the installation, the installation includes a second rubber-consumer device for feeding with the residue. According to another optional characteristic of the installation of the invention, the installation includes regulator means for regulating the feed rate of at least the first consumer device by regulating the width of the residue. Such regulator means enable the width of the strip of rubber to be adapted to the consumption rate of the first consumer device, which rate may be variable.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the priority of French patent application filed Jan. 3, 2007, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of feeding rubber to a rubber-consumer device and to an installation for feeding rubber to said rubber-consumer device. The invention applies in particular to feeding rubber to an extruder for producing a rubber extrusion for use in tire manufacture. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the state of the art, a method is already known for feeding rubber to at least a first rubber-consumer device, the method being of the type in which a strip of rubber is moved continuously from a rubber-supplier device to the first consumer device. In the particular application envisaged above, the extruder forms the first rubber-consumer device. The extruder is fed with the strip of rubber. The width of the strip of rubber needs to be matched to the delivery rate of the extruder. In certain situations, it is desirable to use small extruders, in particular extruders that deliver extruded rubber at a rate of less than 3 kilograms per minute (kg/min). Such a rate is satisfactory given the advantage achieved by the small hinderance of such an extruder. Optimizing the production of strips of rubber leads to strips being made that are relatively wide, typically strips that are 800 millimeters (mm) to 1000 mm wide. Consequently, when not using an extruder that is overdimensioned and capable of consuming that type of relatively wide strip of rubber directly, the strip is sliced into a plurality of slices, each of width adapted to an extruder having a low extrusion rate. That therefore leads to expensive slicing operations that are generally performed on premises that are different from the premises on which the rubber is consumed, involving intermediate storage, and/or handling of sliced rubber strip. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the present invention is to enable extruders of a variety of extrusion rates to be used, in particular extruders presenting low rates, while limiting as much as possible operations of slicing the strips of rubber for feeding them. To this end, one aspect of the invention is directed to a method of feeding rubber to at least a first rubber-consumer device, the method being of the above-specified type wherein, during the continuous movement, and prior to reaching the consumer device, a portion, referred to as the residue, is taken continuously from the strip of rubber. By taking an appropriate quantity of residue, the strip of rubber feeding the first consumer device is matched to the extrusion rate thereof, whatever that rate might be. Thus, an embodiment of the invention makes it possible, on the premises where the rubber is consumed, to take a residue from the total strip of rubber that constitutes an increasingly large fraction thereof when the consumer device presents low rubber consumption capacity, or conversely a decreasingly small fraction when the consumer device presents higher rubber consumption capacity. It is thus possible with a relatively wide strip of rubber to feed a consumer device presenting consumption capacity that can equally well be low or high, while avoiding any need, with a low consumption capacity device, to slice the strip of rubber away from the premises on which the rubber is consumed, avoiding any intermediate storage of sliced rubber, and avoiding operations of handling slices of the initial strip of rubber. According to other characteristics of the method of the invention that are optional:The residue is taken by continuously cutting off a residue strip from the strip of rubber.The residue strip presents a width lying in the range one-half to nine-tenths the width of the strip of rubber.The first consumer device is an extruder.The supplier device includes upstream rubber storage means from which the strip of rubber is moved towards each consumer device. According to another optional characteristic of the method of the invention, the residue is stored in downstream storage means. Advantageously, the upstream and downstream storage means are swapped over after the strip of rubber in the upstream storage means has been used up. Thus, when the strip of rubber feeding the first consumer device has been completely used up, the upstream and downstream storage means are swapped over so that the storage means containing the residue becomes, in turn, the rubber-supplier device. The swapping operation can be performed as often as is possible, given the width of the initial strip and the consumption rate of the consumer device. Furthermore, the last feeder strip corresponding to the last residue can be fed directly to the consumer device, thus allowing the storage means to be refilled concurrently without interrupting production. In an implementation of the method, a second rubber-consumer device is fed with the residue. When the strip of rubber presents a width that is suitable for feeding two consumer devices, the width of the strip fed to the first consumer device is adapted to the consumption capacity of said first consumer device and the width of the residue is adapted to the consumption capacity of the second consumer device. This avoids any need to store the residue. The width of the cut is regulated with the help of appropriate means, thereby making it possible, in real time, to adjust the rate at which the consumer device is fed, which can be particularly advantageous when the consumer device needs to adapt to variations associated with the fabrication process downstream. Another aspect of the invention is directed to an installation for feeding rubber to at least the first rubber-consumer device, the installation being of the type comprising means for continuously moving a strip of rubber from a rubber-supplier device to the first consumer device, the installation including taker means for continuously taking a portion, referred to as a residue, from the strip of rubber, said taker means being arranged upstream from the first consumer device. Such an installation makes it possible to take the residue in such a manner that the strip of rubber fed to the first consumer device is adapted to said first consumer device. According to optional characteristics of the installation of the invention:The taker means comprise means for continuously cutting off a strip that is taken from the strip of rubber.The installation includes means for automatically positioning cutter means transversely relative to the longitudinal edges of the strip of rubber. Such means are advantageous since they make it possible to have a residue strip of varying width and a strip feeding the consumer device that is of constant width. Such an installation is thus advantageous when the strip of rubber presents irregular longitudinal edges.The first consumer device is an extruder.The extruder comprises an extruder worm screw of diameter less than 90 mm, the extruder presenting, where appropriate, an extruded rubber delivery rate of less than 3 kg/min.The installation includes upstream rubber storage means from which the strip of rubber is to be moved towards each consumer device.The supplier device includes downstream storage means for storing the residue.The installation includes swap means for swapping over the upstream and downstream storage means.The swap means comprise a movable support movable in rotation about an axis, the upstream and downstream storage means being carried by the movable support. Such swap means are effective and easy to make. In an embodiment of the installation, the installation includes a second rubber-consumer device for feeding with the residue. According to another optional characteristic of the installation of the invention, the installation includes regulator means for regulating the feed rate of at least the first consumer device by regulating the width of the residue. Such regulator means enable the width of the strip of rubber to be adapted to the consumption rate of the first consumer device, which rate may be variable. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.

7845267

TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure is generally related to attachment mechanisms for attaching firearms to support structures, e.g., bipods. BACKGROUND In recent centuries, firearms have been widely used for hunting games or waging wars. To achieve precision in using firearms, monopods, bipods, tripods, gun carriages, and/or other support structures are typically attached to firearms for providing stability during firing. However, the support structures can reduce the portability of the firearms by increasing the weight and the size of the complete assemblies. Accordingly, attachment mechanisms that can enable quick attachment/detachment of the support structures to from the firearms are needed for improved operability.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure is generally related to attachment mechanisms for attaching firearms to support structures, e.g., bipods. BACKGROUND In recent centuries, firearms have been widely used for hunting games or waging wars. To achieve precision in using firearms, monopods, bipods, tripods, gun carriages, and/or other support structures are typically attached to firearms for providing stability during firing. However, the support structures can reduce the portability of the firearms by increasing the weight and the size of the complete assemblies. Accordingly, attachment mechanisms that can enable quick attachment/detachment of the support structures to from the firearms are needed for improved operability. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.

7800729

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-51711 filed on Mar. 1, 2007 including the specification, drawings and abstract is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display device and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a technique which is effectively applicable to a liquid crystal display device and a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device. 2. Description of Related Arts Conventionally, as a display device, there has been known a liquid crystal display device which includes a liquid crystal display panel sealing liquid crystal between two substrates. Further, as a liquid crystal display device, there has been known a so-called active-matrix-type liquid crystal display device. The active-matrix type liquid crystal display device includes the above-mentioned liquid crystal display panel, a plurality of scanning signal lines, a plurality of video signal lines, a plurality of active elements, a plurality of pixel electrodes, and a counter electrode, wherein the plurality of active elements and the plurality of pixel electrodes are arranged in a matrix array. In the active-matrix-type liquid crystal display device, in general, a TFT (thin film transistor) having the MIS structure (including MOS structure) is used as the active element. Further, in the liquid crystal display panel, the scanning signal lines, the video signal lines, the TFTs and the pixel electrodes are formed on one substrate (TFT substrate) out of two substrates. Here, the pixel electrode is arranged in a region surrounded by two neighboring scanning signal lines and two neighboring video signal lines, and is connected to either one of a source or a drain of the TFT. Further, a gate of the TFT is connected to the scanning signal line, and either one of the source and the drain of the TFT to which the pixel electrode is not connected is connected to the video signal line. Further, in the liquid crystal display panel, the pixel electrodes and the counter electrode are electrodes for driving the liquid crystal, wherein the counter electrode may be formed on the TFT substrate or may be formed on another substrate (counter substrate) out of the above-mentioned two substrates. Here, on the TFT substrate, the pixel electrodes and two neighboring video signal lines arranged close to each other with the pixel electrode sandwiched therebetween are formed by way of an insulation layer, in general. Accordingly, a parasitic capacitance (also referred to as a line capacitance) is formed between the pixel electrode and two video signal lines. In manufacturing the TFT substrate, the pixel electrode is formed such that a value of the parasitic capacitance formed between the pixel electrode and the video signal line arranged on a left side of the pixel electrode and a value of the parasitic capacitance formed between the pixel electrode and the video signal line arranged on a right side of the pixel electrode have the substantially same value. However, due to the displacement of positions where the video signal lines DL are formed, for example, there may be a case where the values of two parasitic capacitances differ from each other. When the values of two parasitic capacitances formed on the left and right sides of one pixel electrode differ from each other, for example, a potential of the pixel electrode is fluctuated thus giving rise to a phenomenon referred to as a longitudinal smear. Accordingly, in a conventional manufacturing method of a TFT substrate, for example, a thickness of an insulation layer interposed between the video signal line DL and the pixel electrode PX is increased up to a thickness which can prevent the fluctuation of the potential of the pixel electrode attributed to the difference between values of two parasitic capacitances formed on left and right sides of one pixel electrode. Further, in the conventional liquid crystal display panel, as a method for suppressing a longitudinal smear, there has been proposed a method which forms a shielding electrode, for example. As such a method which forms the shielding electrode, there has been known a method which forms a shielding electrode overlapping a video signal line DL on the counter substrate (see patent document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2004-213031), for example) or a method which forms a shielding electrode between the video signal line and the pixel electrode on the TFT substrate (see patent document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2003-177414), for example). SUMMARY The method which forms the shielding electrode on the counter substrate for suppressing the longitudinal smear in the liquid crystal display panel requires, at the time of forming the counter substrate, for example, a step of forming the shielding electrode besides a step of forming a light blocking film which divides a display region for respective pixels and color filters, a step of forming the counter electrode and the like. That is, the number of steps necessary for forming the counter substrate is increased and hence, there arises drawbacks that time necessary for manufacturing the counter substrate is prolonged and, at the same time, a manufacturing cost is increased. Further, in the method for forming the shielding electrode between the video signal line and the pixel electrode on the TFT substrate, for example, in a step of forming the scanning signal line, the shielding electrode is formed together with the scanning signal line. Accordingly, for example, when the positional displacement is generated, in overlapping the TFT substrate and the counter substrate each other, a numerical aperture is lowered thus giving rise to a drawback that a brightness of the liquid crystal display panel (display device) is lowered. It is an object of the present invention to provide a technique capable of easily suppressing the generation of longitudinal smear in a liquid crystal display device, for example. It is a still another object of the present invention to provide a technique capable of preventing the lowering of a numerical aperture while easily suppressing the generation of longitudinal smear in the liquid crystal display device, for example. It is a still another object of the present invention to provide a technique capable of easily manufacturing a TFT substrate which can suppress the generation of longitudinal smear in the liquid crystal display device, for example. The above-mentioned and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of this specification and attached drawings. To summarize typical inventions among the inventions disclosed in this specification, they are as follows. (1) According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device including a display panel having a plurality of scanning signal lines, a plurality of video signal lines, a plurality of thin film transistors and a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix array, wherein provided that a gap between two neighboring video signal lines with one pixel electrode out of the plurality of pixel electrodes sandwiched therebetween in a region where one pixel electrode is arranged is larger than a gap between two neighboring video signal lines with another pixel electrode different from one pixel electrode sandwiched therebetween in a region where another electrode is arranged, a size of one pixel electrode in the direction of the gap of the video signal lines is set larger than a size of another pixel electrode in the direction of the gap of the video signal lines. (2) In the display device having the constitution described in (1), a gap between one pixel electrode and one video signal line out of two video signal lines and a gap between one pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines are set substantially equal to each other, a gap between another pixel electrode and one video signal line out of two video signal lines and a gap between another pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines are set substantially equal to each other, the gap between one pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines and the gap between another pixel electrode and one video signal line out of two video signal lines are set substantially equal to each other, and the gap between one pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines and the gap between another pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines are set substantially equal to each other. (3) In the display device having the constitution described in (1) or (2), assuming a distance between two most spaced-apart pixel electrodes out of the plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix array as LDA, the difference in etching quantity generated with respect to a size of the pixel electrode in the direction of the gap of the video signal lines at two positions spaced apart from each other by the distance LDAas σ, a size of one pixel electrode in the direction of the gap of the video signal lines as PXW, and a gap between one predetermined pixel electrode and the predetermined video signal line as DPGmin, the relationship between a gap DPGL between one pixel electrode and one video signal line out of two video signal lines and a gap DPGR between one pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines satisfies following formula 1 to formula 3. DPGL+σ/LDA·PXW>DPGR>DPGL−σ/LDA·PXW(formula 1) DPGL>DPGmin−σ/LDA·PXW(formula 2) DPGR>DPGmin−σ/LDA·PXW(formula 3) (4) In the display device having the constitution described any one of (1) to (3), the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel which seals liquid crystal between two substrates. (5) According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a manufacturing method of a display device which forms a plurality of scanning signal lines, a plurality of video signal lines, a plurality of TFTs and a plurality of pixel electrodes on a surface of an insulating substrate, the manufacturing method comprising the steps of: forming the plurality of video signal lines; forming the plurality of pixel electrodes after the step of forming the plurality of video signal lines, the step including a step of forming a conductive film, a step of forming a photosensitive resist on the conductive film, a step of exposing the photosensitive resist using predetermined size data, a step of developing the exposed photosensitive resist, and a step of etching the conductive film using the photosensitive resist acquired by developing as a mask; a first step of measuring positions and line widths of the video signal lines formed on the insulating substrate between the step of forming the plurality of video signal lines and the step of forming the plurality of pixel electrodes; and a second step of correcting either one of or both of forming positions and sizes of the plurality of pixel electrodes out of the predetermined size data based on a result of the measurement in the first step between the step of forming the plurality of video signal lines and the step of forming the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein provided that the size data is corrected in the second step, the photosensitive resist is exposed using the corrected size data in the step of exposing the photosensitive resist. (6) In a manufacturing method of a display device having the constitution described in (5), the step of exposing the photosensitive resist divides a region in which the photosensitive resist is formed into a large number of micro regions, and the large number of micro regions are allocated to the micro regions which are exposed and the micro regions which are not exposed based on the predetermined size data or the corrected size data and, thereafter, the micro regions which are exposed are sequentially or collectively exposed. (7) In a manufacturing method of a display device having the constitution described in (5) or (6), in the second step, the size data is corrected such that based on the positions and the line widths of two neighboring video signal lines with the pixel electrode sandwiched therebetween in a region where the pixel electrode is formed, a gap between the pixel electrode and one of two video signal lines and a gap between the pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines assume the same value, and gaps between the respective pixel electrodes and one video signal lines of the respective two video signal lines assume the same value and, at the same time, the gaps between the respective pixel electrodes and another video signal lines of the respective two video signal lines assume the same value. (8) In a manufacturing method of a display device having the constitution described in any one of (5) to (7), in the first step, a region where the plurality of pixel electrodes are formed is divided into small regions which are smaller than the pixel electrodes in number, and the position and the line width of the video signal line in a region which belongs to one small region and in which the plurality of pixel electrodes are formed are estimated from the position and the line width of the video signal line at a representative point in one small region. According to the present invention, a value of a parasitic capacitance formed between the pixel electrode and the video signal line arranged on a left side of the pixel electrode and a value of a parasitic capacitance formed between the pixel electrode and the video signal line arranged on a right side of the pixel electrode can be set to the substantially same value and hence, the generation of longitudinal smear can be easily suppressed. Further, according to the present invention, the generation of longitudinal smear can be suppressed by correcting forming positions or sizes of the pixel electrodes thus preventing lowering of a numerical aperture. Still further, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily manufacture a TFT substrate which can suppress the generation of longitudinal smear in the liquid crystal display device.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-51711 filed on Mar. 1, 2007 including the specification, drawings and abstract is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display device and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a technique which is effectively applicable to a liquid crystal display device and a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device. 2. Description of Related Arts Conventionally, as a display device, there has been known a liquid crystal display device which includes a liquid crystal display panel sealing liquid crystal between two substrates. Further, as a liquid crystal display device, there has been known a so-called active-matrix-type liquid crystal display device. The active-matrix type liquid crystal display device includes the above-mentioned liquid crystal display panel, a plurality of scanning signal lines, a plurality of video signal lines, a plurality of active elements, a plurality of pixel electrodes, and a counter electrode, wherein the plurality of active elements and the plurality of pixel electrodes are arranged in a matrix array. In the active-matrix-type liquid crystal display device, in general, a TFT (thin film transistor) having the MIS structure (including MOS structure) is used as the active element. Further, in the liquid crystal display panel, the scanning signal lines, the video signal lines, the TFTs and the pixel electrodes are formed on one substrate (TFT substrate) out of two substrates. Here, the pixel electrode is arranged in a region surrounded by two neighboring scanning signal lines and two neighboring video signal lines, and is connected to either one of a source or a drain of the TFT. Further, a gate of the TFT is connected to the scanning signal line, and either one of the source and the drain of the TFT to which the pixel electrode is not connected is connected to the video signal line. Further, in the liquid crystal display panel, the pixel electrodes and the counter electrode are electrodes for driving the liquid crystal, wherein the counter electrode may be formed on the TFT substrate or may be formed on another substrate (counter substrate) out of the above-mentioned two substrates. Here, on the TFT substrate, the pixel electrodes and two neighboring video signal lines arranged close to each other with the pixel electrode sandwiched therebetween are formed by way of an insulation layer, in general. Accordingly, a parasitic capacitance (also referred to as a line capacitance) is formed between the pixel electrode and two video signal lines. In manufacturing the TFT substrate, the pixel electrode is formed such that a value of the parasitic capacitance formed between the pixel electrode and the video signal line arranged on a left side of the pixel electrode and a value of the parasitic capacitance formed between the pixel electrode and the video signal line arranged on a right side of the pixel electrode have the substantially same value. However, due to the displacement of positions where the video signal lines DL are formed, for example, there may be a case where the values of two parasitic capacitances differ from each other. When the values of two parasitic capacitances formed on the left and right sides of one pixel electrode differ from each other, for example, a potential of the pixel electrode is fluctuated thus giving rise to a phenomenon referred to as a longitudinal smear. Accordingly, in a conventional manufacturing method of a TFT substrate, for example, a thickness of an insulation layer interposed between the video signal line DL and the pixel electrode PX is increased up to a thickness which can prevent the fluctuation of the potential of the pixel electrode attributed to the difference between values of two parasitic capacitances formed on left and right sides of one pixel electrode. Further, in the conventional liquid crystal display panel, as a method for suppressing a longitudinal smear, there has been proposed a method which forms a shielding electrode, for example. As such a method which forms the shielding electrode, there has been known a method which forms a shielding electrode overlapping a video signal line DL on the counter substrate (see patent document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2004-213031), for example) or a method which forms a shielding electrode between the video signal line and the pixel electrode on the TFT substrate (see patent document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2003-177414), for example). SUMMARY The method which forms the shielding electrode on the counter substrate for suppressing the longitudinal smear in the liquid crystal display panel requires, at the time of forming the counter substrate, for example, a step of forming the shielding electrode besides a step of forming a light blocking film which divides a display region for respective pixels and color filters, a step of forming the counter electrode and the like. That is, the number of steps necessary for forming the counter substrate is increased and hence, there arises drawbacks that time necessary for manufacturing the counter substrate is prolonged and, at the same time, a manufacturing cost is increased. Further, in the method for forming the shielding electrode between the video signal line and the pixel electrode on the TFT substrate, for example, in a step of forming the scanning signal line, the shielding electrode is formed together with the scanning signal line. Accordingly, for example, when the positional displacement is generated, in overlapping the TFT substrate and the counter substrate each other, a numerical aperture is lowered thus giving rise to a drawback that a brightness of the liquid crystal display panel (display device) is lowered. It is an object of the present invention to provide a technique capable of easily suppressing the generation of longitudinal smear in a liquid crystal display device, for example. It is a still another object of the present invention to provide a technique capable of preventing the lowering of a numerical aperture while easily suppressing the generation of longitudinal smear in the liquid crystal display device, for example. It is a still another object of the present invention to provide a technique capable of easily manufacturing a TFT substrate which can suppress the generation of longitudinal smear in the liquid crystal display device, for example. The above-mentioned and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the description of this specification and attached drawings. To summarize typical inventions among the inventions disclosed in this specification, they are as follows. (1) According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a display device including a display panel having a plurality of scanning signal lines, a plurality of video signal lines, a plurality of thin film transistors and a plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix array, wherein provided that a gap between two neighboring video signal lines with one pixel electrode out of the plurality of pixel electrodes sandwiched therebetween in a region where one pixel electrode is arranged is larger than a gap between two neighboring video signal lines with another pixel electrode different from one pixel electrode sandwiched therebetween in a region where another electrode is arranged, a size of one pixel electrode in the direction of the gap of the video signal lines is set larger than a size of another pixel electrode in the direction of the gap of the video signal lines. (2) In the display device having the constitution described in (1), a gap between one pixel electrode and one video signal line out of two video signal lines and a gap between one pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines are set substantially equal to each other, a gap between another pixel electrode and one video signal line out of two video signal lines and a gap between another pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines are set substantially equal to each other, the gap between one pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines and the gap between another pixel electrode and one video signal line out of two video signal lines are set substantially equal to each other, and the gap between one pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines and the gap between another pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines are set substantially equal to each other. (3) In the display device having the constitution described in (1) or (2), assuming a distance between two most spaced-apart pixel electrodes out of the plurality of pixel electrodes arranged in a matrix array as LDA, the difference in etching quantity generated with respect to a size of the pixel electrode in the direction of the gap of the video signal lines at two positions spaced apart from each other by the distance LDAas σ, a size of one pixel electrode in the direction of the gap of the video signal lines as PXW, and a gap between one predetermined pixel electrode and the predetermined video signal line as DPGmin, the relationship between a gap DPGL between one pixel electrode and one video signal line out of two video signal lines and a gap DPGR between one pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines satisfies following formula 1 to formula 3. DPGL+σ/LDA·PXW>DPGR>DPGL−σ/LDA·PXW(formula 1) DPGL>DPGmin−σ/LDA·PXW(formula 2) DPGR>DPGmin−σ/LDA·PXW(formula 3) (4) In the display device having the constitution described any one of (1) to (3), the display panel is a liquid crystal display panel which seals liquid crystal between two substrates. (5) According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a manufacturing method of a display device which forms a plurality of scanning signal lines, a plurality of video signal lines, a plurality of TFTs and a plurality of pixel electrodes on a surface of an insulating substrate, the manufacturing method comprising the steps of: forming the plurality of video signal lines; forming the plurality of pixel electrodes after the step of forming the plurality of video signal lines, the step including a step of forming a conductive film, a step of forming a photosensitive resist on the conductive film, a step of exposing the photosensitive resist using predetermined size data, a step of developing the exposed photosensitive resist, and a step of etching the conductive film using the photosensitive resist acquired by developing as a mask; a first step of measuring positions and line widths of the video signal lines formed on the insulating substrate between the step of forming the plurality of video signal lines and the step of forming the plurality of pixel electrodes; and a second step of correcting either one of or both of forming positions and sizes of the plurality of pixel electrodes out of the predetermined size data based on a result of the measurement in the first step between the step of forming the plurality of video signal lines and the step of forming the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein provided that the size data is corrected in the second step, the photosensitive resist is exposed using the corrected size data in the step of exposing the photosensitive resist. (6) In a manufacturing method of a display device having the constitution described in (5), the step of exposing the photosensitive resist divides a region in which the photosensitive resist is formed into a large number of micro regions, and the large number of micro regions are allocated to the micro regions which are exposed and the micro regions which are not exposed based on the predetermined size data or the corrected size data and, thereafter, the micro regions which are exposed are sequentially or collectively exposed. (7) In a manufacturing method of a display device having the constitution described in (5) or (6), in the second step, the size data is corrected such that based on the positions and the line widths of two neighboring video signal lines with the pixel electrode sandwiched therebetween in a region where the pixel electrode is formed, a gap between the pixel electrode and one of two video signal lines and a gap between the pixel electrode and another video signal line out of two video signal lines assume the same value, and gaps between the respective pixel electrodes and one video signal lines of the respective two video signal lines assume the same value and, at the same time, the gaps between the respective pixel electrodes and another video signal lines of the respective two video signal lines assume the same value. (8) In a manufacturing method of a display device having the constitution described in any one of (5) to (7), in the first step, a region where the plurality of pixel electrodes are formed is divided into small regions which are smaller than the pixel electrodes in number, and the position and the line width of the video signal line in a region which belongs to one small region and in which the plurality of pixel electrodes are formed are estimated from the position and the line width of the video signal line at a representative point in one small region. According to the present invention, a value of a parasitic capacitance formed between the pixel electrode and the video signal line arranged on a left side of the pixel electrode and a value of a parasitic capacitance formed between the pixel electrode and the video signal line arranged on a right side of the pixel electrode can be set to the substantially same value and hence, the generation of longitudinal smear can be easily suppressed. Further, according to the present invention, the generation of longitudinal smear can be suppressed by correcting forming positions or sizes of the pixel electrodes thus preventing lowering of a numerical aperture. Still further, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily manufacture a TFT substrate which can suppress the generation of longitudinal smear in the liquid crystal display device. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.

7731752

BACKGROUND The present application is directed to vertebral implants and methods of use, and more particularly, to implants that are adjustable between a first reduced size to ease insertion into the patient, and a second enlarged size to space vertebral members. The spine is divided into four regions comprising the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal regions. The cervical region includes the top seven vertebral members identified as C1-C7. The thoracic region includes the next twelve vertebral members identified as T1-T12. The lumbar region includes five vertebral members L1-L5. The sacrococcygeal region includes nine fused vertebral members that form the sacrum and the coccyx. The vertebral members of the spine are aligned in a curved configuration that includes a cervical curve, thoracic curve, and lumbosacral curve. Intervertebral discs are positioned between the vertebral members and permit flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. Various conditions may lead to damage of the intervertebral discs and/or the vertebral members. The damage may result from a variety of causes including a specific event such as trauma, a degenerative condition, a tumor, or infection. Damage to the intervertebral discs and vertebral members can lead to pain, neurological deficit, and/or loss of motion. Various procedures include replacing the entirety or a section of a vertebral member, the entirety or a section of an intervertebral disc, or both. One or more replacement implants may be inserted to replace the damaged vertebral members and/or discs. The implants reduce or eliminate the pain and neurological deficit, and increase the range of motion. The implants may be adjustable between a first, reduced size that facilitates insertion into the patient in a minimally invasive manner. Once inserted, the implant may be expanded to a larger second size. SUMMARY The application is directed to implants and methods of use for positioning between vertebral members. The implants may include a series of members that are nested together. The members may include sidewalls, and the inferior and superior members may also include contact surfaces that contact the vertebral members. The implant may be positionable between collapsed and expanded orientations. In the collapsed orientation, the members may be nested together and the sidewalls may be in a multiple-overlapping arrangement. In the expanded orientation, the members may extend outward from each other thus increasing an overall height of the implant. In one method of use, the implant is inserted into a patient while in the collapsed orientation. Once positioned, the height of the implant is increased with the members being moved towards the expanded orientation. The height of the implant may vary depending upon the desired size.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: BACKGROUND The present application is directed to vertebral implants and methods of use, and more particularly, to implants that are adjustable between a first reduced size to ease insertion into the patient, and a second enlarged size to space vertebral members. The spine is divided into four regions comprising the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal regions. The cervical region includes the top seven vertebral members identified as C1-C7. The thoracic region includes the next twelve vertebral members identified as T1-T12. The lumbar region includes five vertebral members L1-L5. The sacrococcygeal region includes nine fused vertebral members that form the sacrum and the coccyx. The vertebral members of the spine are aligned in a curved configuration that includes a cervical curve, thoracic curve, and lumbosacral curve. Intervertebral discs are positioned between the vertebral members and permit flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. Various conditions may lead to damage of the intervertebral discs and/or the vertebral members. The damage may result from a variety of causes including a specific event such as trauma, a degenerative condition, a tumor, or infection. Damage to the intervertebral discs and vertebral members can lead to pain, neurological deficit, and/or loss of motion. Various procedures include replacing the entirety or a section of a vertebral member, the entirety or a section of an intervertebral disc, or both. One or more replacement implants may be inserted to replace the damaged vertebral members and/or discs. The implants reduce or eliminate the pain and neurological deficit, and increase the range of motion. The implants may be adjustable between a first, reduced size that facilitates insertion into the patient in a minimally invasive manner. Once inserted, the implant may be expanded to a larger second size. SUMMARY The application is directed to implants and methods of use for positioning between vertebral members. The implants may include a series of members that are nested together. The members may include sidewalls, and the inferior and superior members may also include contact surfaces that contact the vertebral members. The implant may be positionable between collapsed and expanded orientations. In the collapsed orientation, the members may be nested together and the sidewalls may be in a multiple-overlapping arrangement. In the expanded orientation, the members may extend outward from each other thus increasing an overall height of the implant. In one method of use, the implant is inserted into a patient while in the collapsed orientation. Once positioned, the height of the implant is increased with the members being moved towards the expanded orientation. The height of the implant may vary depending upon the desired size. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.

7671269

BACKGROUND A turntable is a circular rotating platform of a record player. Turntables can be used in a skillful manner by DJs to mix and scratch records. Many professional CD players now have been provided with the same capability. Such devices can be velocity and directionally sensitive in that they produce sounds that are based on the direction and the velocity of turntable movement. One shortcoming of conventional turntables and other sound producing systems is that they are packaged in conventional modules and can occupy significant space. Accordingly, the use of these devices outside of their traditional workspaces is not feasible. This represents a significant shortcoming as musicians and other users of these instruments are precluded from using them in non-traditional venues where such use might be advantageous. Some software based systems such as garage band TM allow the actuation of certain sounds via a computer system. These systems provide a computer generated graphical interface that can be employed to control the generation of sounds. These operations can be controlled by conventional point and click technologies. However, the control offered by such conventional software based systems provide a very limited range of sound actuation control options in the face of the rapidly changing needs of consumers. SUMMARY A system that enables the control of a velocity and directionally sensitive sound generating application using non-traditional media (e.g., paper) and mechanisms would be advantageous. Embodiments of the present invention provide such a system, as well as methods and applications that can be implemented using such a system. In one embodiment, a system for graphical control of a velocity and directionally sensitive sound generation application is disclosed that enables the control of an optical pen based velocity and directionally sensitive sound generation application from graphical elements that are placed on (drawn, printed etc.) an encoded surface. In one embodiment, the graphical elements depict a turntable. In other embodiments, the graphical elements can depict other velocity sensitive and directionally sensitive sound generating instruments (violin, cello, trombone etc.). An optical pen user can use the optical pen to traverse one or more graphical elements that are a part of the graphically depicted device or instrument on the encoded surface that corresponds to particular sounds. For example, a user can generate a scratch sound by drawing across the turntable. Moreover, the pitch, volume, and other characteristics of the scratch sound produced by the pen device can be generated, for example, in accordance with the direction of the drawing. In one embodiment, methods and systems for graphical actuation of a velocity and directionally sensitive sound generation application are disclosed. An identifier of a graphical element or elements that are traversed is received wherein the graphical element or elements are located on a coded surface. In one embodiment, the traversal has a velocity and a direction. Moreover, the traversal can be performed with an optical pen on a graphical representation of a sound generation system. The velocity and the direction of the traversal are determined and used to actuate a sound generation application. In one embodiment, using the optical pen, a region is defined on an item of encoded media (e.g., on a piece of encoded paper). A velocity sensitive and directionally sensitive sound is then associated with that region. When the region is subsequently scanned, the velocity sensitive and directionally sensitive sound is produced. The content of a region may be handwritten by a user, or it may be preprinted. Although the velocity sensitive and directionally sensitive sound associated with a region may be selected to evoke the content of the region, the sound can be independent of the region's content (other than the encoded pattern of markings within the region). Thus, the content of a region can be changed without changing the sound associated with the region, or the sound can be changed without changing the content. As mentioned above, once a sound is associated with a region, that sound can be generated or played back when the region is subsequently scanned by the device. In summary, according to embodiments of the present invention, a user can interact with a device (e.g., an optical pen) and an input media (e.g., encoded paper) to graphically control the actuation of velocity sensitive and directionally sensitive sounds. These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be recognized by one skilled in the art after having read the following detailed description, which are illustrated in the various drawing figures.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: BACKGROUND A turntable is a circular rotating platform of a record player. Turntables can be used in a skillful manner by DJs to mix and scratch records. Many professional CD players now have been provided with the same capability. Such devices can be velocity and directionally sensitive in that they produce sounds that are based on the direction and the velocity of turntable movement. One shortcoming of conventional turntables and other sound producing systems is that they are packaged in conventional modules and can occupy significant space. Accordingly, the use of these devices outside of their traditional workspaces is not feasible. This represents a significant shortcoming as musicians and other users of these instruments are precluded from using them in non-traditional venues where such use might be advantageous. Some software based systems such as garage band TM allow the actuation of certain sounds via a computer system. These systems provide a computer generated graphical interface that can be employed to control the generation of sounds. These operations can be controlled by conventional point and click technologies. However, the control offered by such conventional software based systems provide a very limited range of sound actuation control options in the face of the rapidly changing needs of consumers. SUMMARY A system that enables the control of a velocity and directionally sensitive sound generating application using non-traditional media (e.g., paper) and mechanisms would be advantageous. Embodiments of the present invention provide such a system, as well as methods and applications that can be implemented using such a system. In one embodiment, a system for graphical control of a velocity and directionally sensitive sound generation application is disclosed that enables the control of an optical pen based velocity and directionally sensitive sound generation application from graphical elements that are placed on (drawn, printed etc.) an encoded surface. In one embodiment, the graphical elements depict a turntable. In other embodiments, the graphical elements can depict other velocity sensitive and directionally sensitive sound generating instruments (violin, cello, trombone etc.). An optical pen user can use the optical pen to traverse one or more graphical elements that are a part of the graphically depicted device or instrument on the encoded surface that corresponds to particular sounds. For example, a user can generate a scratch sound by drawing across the turntable. Moreover, the pitch, volume, and other characteristics of the scratch sound produced by the pen device can be generated, for example, in accordance with the direction of the drawing. In one embodiment, methods and systems for graphical actuation of a velocity and directionally sensitive sound generation application are disclosed. An identifier of a graphical element or elements that are traversed is received wherein the graphical element or elements are located on a coded surface. In one embodiment, the traversal has a velocity and a direction. Moreover, the traversal can be performed with an optical pen on a graphical representation of a sound generation system. The velocity and the direction of the traversal are determined and used to actuate a sound generation application. In one embodiment, using the optical pen, a region is defined on an item of encoded media (e.g., on a piece of encoded paper). A velocity sensitive and directionally sensitive sound is then associated with that region. When the region is subsequently scanned, the velocity sensitive and directionally sensitive sound is produced. The content of a region may be handwritten by a user, or it may be preprinted. Although the velocity sensitive and directionally sensitive sound associated with a region may be selected to evoke the content of the region, the sound can be independent of the region's content (other than the encoded pattern of markings within the region). Thus, the content of a region can be changed without changing the sound associated with the region, or the sound can be changed without changing the content. As mentioned above, once a sound is associated with a region, that sound can be generated or played back when the region is subsequently scanned by the device. In summary, according to embodiments of the present invention, a user can interact with a device (e.g., an optical pen) and an input media (e.g., encoded paper) to graphically control the actuation of velocity sensitive and directionally sensitive sounds. These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be recognized by one skilled in the art after having read the following detailed description, which are illustrated in the various drawing figures. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.

7741613

BACKGROUND Technical Field The present invention generally describes a passive “camera” system for visualizing the presence and location of a source of neutron radiation. More particularly, this invention describes a device for detecting small amounts of fissile material and certain nuclear material such as plutonium or highly enriched weapons-grade uranium (HEU), also known as “special nuclear materials,” or SNM, which might be concealed within a bulk cargo container, railroad rail car, or a tractor trailer as smuggled contraband. SNM emit detectable amounts of high energy particles during active and passive interrogation. This radiation can be imaged and thus allow visualization of shielded and/or smuggled radioactive materials. Although gamma-ray imaging is appropriate for many cases, neutrons are much more penetrating through high-Z shielding/concealment materials, and are thus preferred in certain scenarios (e.g. weapons grade plutonium or HEU smuggled inside a lead pig several inches thick). Particle scatter cameras use conservation of energy and momentum for the collision between an incident neutron (no) and a proton (p) from the detector to calculate the direction of origin for the neutron. This is shown schematically inFIG. 1. The incident neutron scatters in the first detector and then again in the second detector. The angle of the first scatter (θ1) is related to the energy given to the proton in the first scatter, Ep, and the energy of the scattered neutron, En1, as tan2⁢θ1=EpEn1.(1) The proton recoil energy is measured directly from the detector output and the energy of the recoiling neutron is determined from the time-of-flight (TOF) between the two detectors as shown in equation 2. En1=m2⁢(dTOF)2,(2) where d is the separation distance between the two detectors. Because the direction of the recoiling proton is not measured, only the ring defined by the initial scatter angle θ1is determined. This defines a probability cone which can be back projected onto a virtual image plane. An image is formed by overlapping these cones over many events. In addition, the energy of the incident neutron (Eno) is obtained as the sum of the two measured energies Epand En1, i.e., Eno=Ep+En1,  (3) and thereby providing an accurate neutron spectrometer and allows differentiation of different types of neutron sources. Such instruments are very similar to Compton cameras used for gamma-ray detection such as those developed by Ryan, J. et al. (“COMPTEL measurements of solar flare neutrons,”Advances in Space Research,1993, v.13(9): p. 255-258). This device was developed for astrophysics where it was shown to provide an approximately 10-fold increase in sensitivity for the detection of solar neutrons over traditional neutron counting techniques. However, until recently the lowest energies of interest have been for incident neutrons above about 10 MeV. At these higher energies additional information can be obtained and it is easier to determine interaction parameters. For instance, fast neutron imagers have been developed by tracking the recoil protons in scintillating fibers as shown by R. S. Miller et al. (“SONTRAC: An imaging spectrometer for MeV neutrons,”Nuclear Instruments and MethodsA, 2003, v.505: p. 36) and Justin Peel, et al., (“Development of a Directional Scintillating Fiber Detector for 14 MeV Neutrons,”Nuclear Instruments and MethodsA, 2006, v.556: p. 287). Although these approaches have been successful at D-T and higher energies, they are difficult to apply to SNM neutron energies (˜1 MeV) due to the limited range of the proton recoil. SUMMARY Therefore, what is needed is a device capable of detecting fission neutrons and to provide an image of the source of the fission neutrons and its location in space. We present results from a prototype neutron scatter camera, and discuss key parameters that determine the detector's performance. Both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute part of this specification, illustrate several embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: BACKGROUND Technical Field The present invention generally describes a passive “camera” system for visualizing the presence and location of a source of neutron radiation. More particularly, this invention describes a device for detecting small amounts of fissile material and certain nuclear material such as plutonium or highly enriched weapons-grade uranium (HEU), also known as “special nuclear materials,” or SNM, which might be concealed within a bulk cargo container, railroad rail car, or a tractor trailer as smuggled contraband. SNM emit detectable amounts of high energy particles during active and passive interrogation. This radiation can be imaged and thus allow visualization of shielded and/or smuggled radioactive materials. Although gamma-ray imaging is appropriate for many cases, neutrons are much more penetrating through high-Z shielding/concealment materials, and are thus preferred in certain scenarios (e.g. weapons grade plutonium or HEU smuggled inside a lead pig several inches thick). Particle scatter cameras use conservation of energy and momentum for the collision between an incident neutron (no) and a proton (p) from the detector to calculate the direction of origin for the neutron. This is shown schematically inFIG. 1. The incident neutron scatters in the first detector and then again in the second detector. The angle of the first scatter (θ1) is related to the energy given to the proton in the first scatter, Ep, and the energy of the scattered neutron, En1, as tan2⁢θ1=EpEn1.(1) The proton recoil energy is measured directly from the detector output and the energy of the recoiling neutron is determined from the time-of-flight (TOF) between the two detectors as shown in equation 2. En1=m2⁢(dTOF)2,(2) where d is the separation distance between the two detectors. Because the direction of the recoiling proton is not measured, only the ring defined by the initial scatter angle θ1is determined. This defines a probability cone which can be back projected onto a virtual image plane. An image is formed by overlapping these cones over many events. In addition, the energy of the incident neutron (Eno) is obtained as the sum of the two measured energies Epand En1, i.e., Eno=Ep+En1,  (3) and thereby providing an accurate neutron spectrometer and allows differentiation of different types of neutron sources. Such instruments are very similar to Compton cameras used for gamma-ray detection such as those developed by Ryan, J. et al. (“COMPTEL measurements of solar flare neutrons,”Advances in Space Research,1993, v.13(9): p. 255-258). This device was developed for astrophysics where it was shown to provide an approximately 10-fold increase in sensitivity for the detection of solar neutrons over traditional neutron counting techniques. However, until recently the lowest energies of interest have been for incident neutrons above about 10 MeV. At these higher energies additional information can be obtained and it is easier to determine interaction parameters. For instance, fast neutron imagers have been developed by tracking the recoil protons in scintillating fibers as shown by R. S. Miller et al. (“SONTRAC: An imaging spectrometer for MeV neutrons,”Nuclear Instruments and MethodsA, 2003, v.505: p. 36) and Justin Peel, et al., (“Development of a Directional Scintillating Fiber Detector for 14 MeV Neutrons,”Nuclear Instruments and MethodsA, 2006, v.556: p. 287). Although these approaches have been successful at D-T and higher energies, they are difficult to apply to SNM neutron energies (˜1 MeV) due to the limited range of the proton recoil. SUMMARY Therefore, what is needed is a device capable of detecting fission neutrons and to provide an image of the source of the fission neutrons and its location in space. We present results from a prototype neutron scatter camera, and discuss key parameters that determine the detector's performance. Both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute part of this specification, illustrate several embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.

7828783

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to absorbent articles which are particularly adapted to newborn infants. More specifically, this invention relates to diapers having a U-notched cut without the presence of a significantly laterally extending resulting piece that may create a safety risk. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Newborn infants are exceptionally prone to inflammation, infection and colonization of bacteria at the umbilicus as the residual, freshly cut umbilical cord offers an inviting site for bacterial invasion and frictional irritation by the overlying diaper. The rubbing movement of the conventional diaper on an umbilicus which is still raw, as the infant squirms, kicks and moves, often produces a sore place which causes the infant to be quite fretful. The umbilical area is noticeably reddish and inflamed. Also, the overlying diaper can serve as a carrier of bacteria to the unhealed, cut cord and bring about an infection. Due to the aforementioned reasons, conventional diapers which are particularly adapted for newborns are often constructed with an opening that is located centrally along the width of the end edge of the front panel of the diaper. Said opening is commonly referred to as a U-notch, V-notch or non-linear notch. In the creation of said non-linear notch, a non-linear cutting device is used. More specifically, individual diapers are often made from a plurality of continuous web materials that are subsequently cut into discrete articles (i.e., diapers). During said conventional non-linear notch cuts, however, the diaper often has a significantly laterally extending resulting piece that may create a safety risk. What is needed is a diaper/cut design and process that provides a non-linear notch cut without the presence of a significantly laterally extending resulting piece. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A disposable absorbent article having a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis. The absorbent article further having a front end edge and a back end edge which are complementary in shape and are formed by a non-linear notch cut; said front end edge having at least three tangential points (a1, a2, b). Tangential point b is longitudinally inboard of a1and a2. The front end edge having at least two edge points (c1, c2), wherein:(i) c1and c2are longitudinally inboard of a1and a2, and(ii) c1and c2are longitudinally equal or outboard of b. The front end edge having a contour segment from said point a1to said point c1which is a mirror image of a contour segment from said point a1to said point b. The said front end edge having a path length measured along said contour segment from point a1to point c1which is less than or equal to the path length measured along said contour segment from point a1to point b. The back end edge having at least three tangential points (x1, x2, y), wherein y is longitudinally outboard of x1and x2. The said back end edge having at least two edge points (z1, z2), wherein:(i) z1and z2are longitudinally outboard of x1and x2, and(ii) z1and z2are longitudinally equal or inboard of y. The back end edge has a contour segment from said point x1to said point z1which is a mirror image of a contour segment from said point x1to said point y. The back end edge has a path length measured along said contour segment from point x1to point z1which is less than or equal to the path length measured along said contour segment from point x1to point y. The absorbent article being longitudinally folded about a first fold line. The first fold line may be drawn between points a2and x2. The absorbent article being longitudinally folded about a second fold line, said second fold line may be drawn between points a1and x1. Further, the absorbent article may have a longitudinal distance, d, which is measured between said tangential point b and said tangential point a1, wherein the longitudinal distance being from about 5 mm to about 25 mm, preferably 10 mm. Further, the absorbent article may have a lateral distance, f, which is measured between said fold lines, wherein the lateral distance being from about 80 mm to about 100 mm, preferably 90 mm. Further, the disposable absorbent article may be constructed as an open diaper or pant.

You are a knowledgeable patent classifier specializing in environmental technology. Examine the following summary of a patent and determine if it relates to green technology. SUMMARY: FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to absorbent articles which are particularly adapted to newborn infants. More specifically, this invention relates to diapers having a U-notched cut without the presence of a significantly laterally extending resulting piece that may create a safety risk. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Newborn infants are exceptionally prone to inflammation, infection and colonization of bacteria at the umbilicus as the residual, freshly cut umbilical cord offers an inviting site for bacterial invasion and frictional irritation by the overlying diaper. The rubbing movement of the conventional diaper on an umbilicus which is still raw, as the infant squirms, kicks and moves, often produces a sore place which causes the infant to be quite fretful. The umbilical area is noticeably reddish and inflamed. Also, the overlying diaper can serve as a carrier of bacteria to the unhealed, cut cord and bring about an infection. Due to the aforementioned reasons, conventional diapers which are particularly adapted for newborns are often constructed with an opening that is located centrally along the width of the end edge of the front panel of the diaper. Said opening is commonly referred to as a U-notch, V-notch or non-linear notch. In the creation of said non-linear notch, a non-linear cutting device is used. More specifically, individual diapers are often made from a plurality of continuous web materials that are subsequently cut into discrete articles (i.e., diapers). During said conventional non-linear notch cuts, however, the diaper often has a significantly laterally extending resulting piece that may create a safety risk. What is needed is a diaper/cut design and process that provides a non-linear notch cut without the presence of a significantly laterally extending resulting piece. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A disposable absorbent article having a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis. The absorbent article further having a front end edge and a back end edge which are complementary in shape and are formed by a non-linear notch cut; said front end edge having at least three tangential points (a1, a2, b). Tangential point b is longitudinally inboard of a1and a2. The front end edge having at least two edge points (c1, c2), wherein:(i) c1and c2are longitudinally inboard of a1and a2, and(ii) c1and c2are longitudinally equal or outboard of b. The front end edge having a contour segment from said point a1to said point c1which is a mirror image of a contour segment from said point a1to said point b. The said front end edge having a path length measured along said contour segment from point a1to point c1which is less than or equal to the path length measured along said contour segment from point a1to point b. The back end edge having at least three tangential points (x1, x2, y), wherein y is longitudinally outboard of x1and x2. The said back end edge having at least two edge points (z1, z2), wherein:(i) z1and z2are longitudinally outboard of x1and x2, and(ii) z1and z2are longitudinally equal or inboard of y. The back end edge has a contour segment from said point x1to said point z1which is a mirror image of a contour segment from said point x1to said point y. The back end edge has a path length measured along said contour segment from point x1to point z1which is less than or equal to the path length measured along said contour segment from point x1to point y. The absorbent article being longitudinally folded about a first fold line. The first fold line may be drawn between points a2and x2. The absorbent article being longitudinally folded about a second fold line, said second fold line may be drawn between points a1and x1. Further, the absorbent article may have a longitudinal distance, d, which is measured between said tangential point b and said tangential point a1, wherein the longitudinal distance being from about 5 mm to about 25 mm, preferably 10 mm. Further, the absorbent article may have a lateral distance, f, which is measured between said fold lines, wherein the lateral distance being from about 80 mm to about 100 mm, preferably 90 mm. Further, the disposable absorbent article may be constructed as an open diaper or pant. Is this patent green technology? Respond with 'yes' or 'no'.