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D2745200

http://www.myturbodiesel.com/wiki/basic-performance-upgrades-for-light-diesel-engine/

Basic performance upgrades for light diesel engine

Forums TDI Wiki, DIY, and FAQ >Basic performance upgrades for light diesel engine Page Basic performance upgrades for light diesel engine How to increase power in a light diesel engine: basic performance upgrades It's easy to get more power out of a turbo diesel engine for a few reasons. An engine is basically an air pump and the turbos on all modern diesel cars can increase the efficiency of this pump over OEM levels. For more details on turbocharging systems and exhausts for turbos, please read: 1000q: turbocharging. A diesel engine can also run well in a wider range of air/fuel ratio (AF) compared to a gasoline engine. A gasoline engine must stay in a small AF range to run well but by adding a little more fuel to your diesel engine it can safely get more power and still run well. Lastly, diesel engines are all computer controlled so a simple chip tune can increase power significantly without even getting your hands dirty! One you pass the point of diminishing returns with a chip you must upgrade other parts of the engine like the intercooler, turbo, and piping to be able to efficiently burn more fuel. Too much fuel in a diesel will result in some unburned fuel or fuel which hasn't finished burning which goes out the exhaust as black smoke. A little extra fuel from a chip will only create a small puff of smoke in cars without a DPF (no smoke in cars with a DPF) but a chip and fuel injectors that are too large for your setup might kill all the mosquitoes in the neighborhood from the massive smoke screen! An acceptable level of smoke is highly subjective from owner to owner and even varies from model to model. DPF (diesel particulate filters) will block excess soot from existing the tailpipe because they're filtered out. See the DPF FAQ for more details on these systems. Excess smoke from unburned fuel is also a sign that fuel is being wasted. If you use the available power often or see lots of smoke, it will lower fuel economy. Overfueling will raise exhaust exhaust gas temperature (EGT). Way too much fuel will cause damaging EGT and even more fuel could cause engine meltdown! This is the opposite of a gasoline engine where running a little rich may lower exhaust gas temperatures. The basic upgrades on this page will not significantly affect engine reliability or lifespan if they are properly designed and used on a car in working order. See 1000q: advanced and extreme performance upgrades for advanced performance upgrades such as intercoolers and upgraded turbos. Some performance upgrades may cause the clutch to slip. Before you do any power mods, make sure your car is in good running condition and all maintenance is up to date! Some people complain about TDIs are very slow or that their TDI feels slower than it when it was new. If this is the case, read 1000q: constant low power or can't rev and 1000q: limp mode solutions because there is probably a sensor or other problem causing low power or power cutting out. Your car must be in good shape before adding power mods because adding power won't mask existing problems. Chip and software upgrades for the VW TDI or Audi TDI engine The first recommended modification would be a chip tune. This is a modification to the stock programs on the car's computer. Some older TDI required soldering a physical chip to the car's computer, the ECU/ECM. All newer TDI don't require soldering as the modification is done to the programming. For a daily driver, this is an excellent first step since it preserves and improves stock drivability and won't significantly reduce fuel economy as long as you don't have a lead foot! I do not recommend chips for non-turbo or non supercharged or non diesel cars because the cost benefit ratio isn't there. You could pay hundreds of dollars for a small power increase, often only noticeable at high rpm near redline. With a turbo or supercharged car chip you could gain 20-50 peak horsepower (depending on the car) with a much better power curve due to the properties of turbocharging and diesels. Some chip vendors for the TDI will also reflash/upgrade their chip software for the original owner for free or at a discount so that as your modifications change you don't have to worry as much about the cost of adjusting the software. Some chip tuners who specialize on TDI engines are at Kerma TDI. They also do chip tuning for the newest CRD 2.0L TDI engines 2009 and newer models. Why you can't just raise the boost If you're new to turbo car tuning, you may have heard that you can get more power just by turning up the boost. More boost (air) only equals more power if fuel is also increased. In some gasoline cars, the fuel maps or injectors, etc., may not support increased boost. You must do research on each different gasoline or diesel car before modifying since turning up the boost can cause engine damage. In the TDI, the car's computer controlled fueling will not increase fueling solely in response to increased boost. Unlike most gasoline turbo car's open loop/closed loop control, all TDI before 2009 are closed loop controlled fueling only. There is no o2 sensor to meter fueling and after the injection pump - there is no further metering of fuel by the car's computer. (2009 and newer TDI use a new emissions control system which does effect fueling.) With a diesel, you should be thinking about adding more fuel and adding enough air to control smoke, keep EGT down, etc. 2009+ Jetta, Golf, and Audi A3 TDI chip tuning These engine all use the 2.0L CBEA-CJAA engine. Chip tuning has been tested on these models with great results. While high altitude, build variation, and dyno variables will cause small variations in actual and measured power, your average engine will make about 170 hp and 320 lb-ft torque after a chip flash. The big difference vs. 2006 and earlier TDI is the diesel particulate filter. See 1000q: DPF FAQ for VW and Audi for more details on this system. If you have a DSG transmission it can limit the torque from a chip tune. For best results, a DSG transmission software flash will raise these limits. Note: always comply with all emissions laws where you live/operate the car. They do not yet have larger fuel injectors available. 2006+ VW Touareg TDI and Audi Q7 TDI chip tune The 2006-2008 VW Touareg TDI used a V10 with 550 lb-ft of torque. The engine's weak spots are the turbos and the transmission is the next weak spot if you raise power levels. There are chip tunes out there if you wish to proceed. The 2009+ VW Touareg TDI and Audi Q7 TDI use a V6 engine that is much more robust with more room to increase power. They also feature a DPF system but since they use Adblue diesel exhaust fluid, see 1000q: DPF-Adblue FAQ for more on their systems. Fuel injectors or nozzles Older VW TDI respond very well to larger fuel injectors or nozzles as a basic fuel upgrade. This delivers more fuel to the engine without changing the car's computer. Unlike gasoline cars which require a narrow AF ratio, diesel engines are variable ratio engines and running rich will produce more power. One advantage of changing fuel injectors vs. a chip is that it also increases the amount of fuel to the engine and maintains stock drivability. Another advantage is that all fuel injector nozzles will wear out over time so upgrading the fuel injectors/nozzles may prove to be a good value alternative to buying new nozzles in the same size. For detailed fuel injector information and technical details, see 1000q: fuel injector and nozzle TDI FAQ. For the updated detailed installation procedure, see 1000q: fuel injector / nozzle install. For 1996-2006 VW TDI: You can use a VCDS tool by Ross Tech to change the ECU "adaptation" and fine tune fueling to reduce smoke and make very small changes to fuel consumption. Note: the automatic and manual transmission VW diesels have different sized fuel injectors and injection pumps! The automatic transmission uses smaller nozzles but a larger injection pump. Putting a larger injection pump on a manual transmission car is like putting larger nozzles on an automatic transmission car because they both increase fueling. More information is in the fuel injector FAQ linked in the above paragraph. The newest nozzle designs use a diamond like coating (DLC) to increase durability and service life vs. the older nozzles with the use of ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) that is now sold in Europe and North America. .184 injector s: stock on 90hp North American manual transmission diesels. This would be a mild upgrade for automatic transmission cars, although recalibrating with a VAG-COM is recommended for automatic cars because they have a larger injection pump, this will adjust smoke. .205 injectors: stock on 110hp European manual diesels. Keep in mind that they also had a larger turbo and different ECU to supply more air to burn more fuel. Note that power gains from switching from .184 to .205 will be less than .184 injectors with a chip. For most car setups, this is a good choice. .216 injectors: stock on the 150hp 5 cylinder VW t4 diesel vans. It is not recommended since a chip with .184 or .205 injectors would be more efficient at raising power safely, although it can be done. When combined with a chip, you should be adding larger turbos, intercooler, exhaust, and fueling supporting mods. See Extreme power modifications for more details. The picture shows the location of the fuel injectors on a VW diesel (non pumpe duse) circled in blue. Cars with pumpe duse have the injectors located inside of the valve cover so it's harder to swap them out. For 2005-2006 pumpe duse VW TDI injectors: replacement is slightly harder than earlier cars because they're underneath the valve cover and are replaced as whole units. If you have a pumpe duse, I would recommend getting a chip and seeing how you like it first before swapping injectors. You can always add injectors later and have the chip updated for the new injectors. If you still want injectors, kermatdi at http://www.kermatdi.com/ sells larger pumpe duse injectors. If you don't know if you have a pumpe duse, all VW diesels in North America model years 2004-2006 are pumpe duse. For more details, see 1000q: pumpe duse description. Since pumpe duse engines came with more power than earlier cars, getting a chip will give you more power than earlier cars that only have a mild chip and nozzles. Here is a picture of PD fuel injectors. The injector rockers and fuel injector block bolts have to be removed. Chip + fuel injectors Using both an aftermarket chip and fuel injectors will also produce more power than one modification alone. However, since the ECU doesn't know if you have larger injectors or not, make sure you get a chip that is written for larger injectors. Otherwise you will have unnecessary levels of smoke and lower economy which a chip can adjust. Because of the higher power levels, your clutch could start to slip due to the higher torque. Turning off the EGR with VCDS is not recommended since it could set off a check engine light and the ECU may adapt which results in lower fuel economy. If you have an automatic, keep in mind that they have a larger injection pump than manual cars so if you are using larger nozzles with a chip, the suggested upgrade is to use injectors that are 1 size larger: .184. Any larger than .184 with an automatic transmission and you could get smoke. .205 is the suggested maximum size you can use with a chip in manual transmission with no other supporting modifications. Again, each car, each software tune, each driver, and their tolerance for smoke is slightly different. Other mods may increase or decrease the amount of smoke and power you see. Clutch slip is more likely with chip + nozzles since using them together makes more power and torque. As a conservative recommendation, the mk4 TDI should use smaller nozzles and a light tune or only a chip or only nozzles to prevent clutch slip. Mk3 and Mk5 cars seem to be have stronger clutches. Fueling limitations Keep in mind that delivering extra fuel at the engine must be supported by extra fuel flow in the whole system. The fuel filter must be unclogged, the injection pump must be able to supply a sufficient amount of fuel. The automatic transmission VW diesels had a 11mm injection pump, the manual transmission had a 10mm injection pump. Basically, the maximum amount of fuel that the smaller manual injection pump made was offset by using larger fuel injectors. The diesel long block, the main engine itself, is the same in auto and manual transmission cars, but the auxiliary parts such as the flywheel, the injection pump, etc., are different. As a result, if you require a lot more fuel than what the injection pump can mechanically deliver, the ECU will sense a Fault and can go into a safety mode. 1996-2003 TDI did not have any electric fuel pump because the injection pump sucked fuel from the fuel tank. Adding a "lift pump" from a 2004+ TDI, a low pressure in-tank electric fuel pump, will boost fuel pressure to the injection pump and support higher power levels at higher rpms. In the above picture, the injection pump is the rectangular metal pump below the left two fuel injectors. Air limitations Remember, adding more fuel must be accompanied by more air, otherwise you are just over fueling the engine, creating smoke, and unnecessarily raising the exhaust gas temperatures. Everything else being equal, you can't turn the boost up beyond safe limits without raising temperatures and stressing the turbo. See 1000q: turbocharging to understand more about turbocharging and read 1000q: advanced performance modifications for how to efficiently add more air. Unlike many cars, an aftermarket oiled high flow air filter is not recommended for the TDI because the mass air flow sensor (MAF) is failure prone, especially the mk4 generation. There is a noticeable link between aftermarket high flow oiled cotton air filters and MAF failure when used on a TDI. In addition, to save parts and inventory costs, VW used the same air filter on most mk4 TDI and the 240hp R32 Golf, and there is more than enough air filter capacity for all generations of TDI. See 1000q: MAF faq for more details on the MAF sensor. Advanced timing The way advanced timing will increase power is by injecting fuel later as the engine piston is moving up and down. By adding fuel later in the stroke, you create greater pressure and energy. Note that this also increases stress and heat on the engine by a small amount. Fuel that is injected early has more time to burn and produce energy than fuel that is injected late. As long as you stay within the normal operating range of engine timing as found in your service manual, advancing the timing may result in more power, easier starting, and better fuel economy but hotter temperatures and engine stress. Note that there is an optimum point for timing. Anything other than this maximum point will decrease power and mileage, but this is impossible to know since there are too many variables involved. As long as you stay within the normal operating range of engine timing, you are safe. Slightly advanced timing will also result in easier cold starting. Biodiesel also slightly advances the timing. It does not change the mechanical timing because that is set by the injection pump and ECU. Biodiesel should burn faster when injected because of the properties of biodiesel and higher cetane which effectively advances the timing. Also note that there are two different ways to advance timing: physically adjusting the injection pump pulley or through VCDS adaptation. If you have an aftermarket chip, the chip maker has already adjusted the timing as necessary! To adjust the injection pump timing, adjust the injection pump as shown in (for mk3 cars: 1000q: timing belt part 2) , OR (for mk4 ALH cars: 1000q: timing belt part 2 ). These are exclusive articles so please join our free community to view. Use a VCDS to make sure that you are staying within the normal operating boundaries and adjust the pump as necessary. mk4 pumpe duse cars (2004+) do not have mechanically adjustable injection timing. More advanced power upgrades You can still buy off the shelf performance upgrades to further increase your power but past this point, the value of dollar/horsepower in the upgrades is reduced and you may also experience more reductions in fuel economy. The most common advanced performance upgrade is a larger intercooler. However, only the VW Mk4 cars have off the shelf replacement intercoolers, so I have included this modification in advanced performance modifications. Mk5 and newer cars use a front mount intercooler so it's difficult to add one much larger due to space limitations unless you change the bumper as well. Mk7 cars use an air-water intercooler integrated into the intake manifold and at this time, there aren't any off the shelf upgrade kits. Beyond this point, the likelihood of clutch slipping is greatly increased. Mk4 cars may get clutch slip with just a chip, so remember that if you want more power you need more clutch clamping force! Performance tires are also recommended to get the most power to the ground. Sticky tires usually wear out faster and give less fuel economy than harder non performance tires, so take this into account when thinking about what your performance goals and intended use are. Other advanced performance upgrades would include custom exhaust components, upgraded turbo systems, or custom made tuning chips. Keep in mind that one of the biggest advantages of 4 cylinder diesels is that they have enough power to serve as daily drivers and deliver nearly unbeatable fuel economy. The most common diesel passenger cars, VWs, are not very good sports cars when compared to true sports cars. They are light but the suspension setup is not that great, front wheel drive isn't good for a sports car, and you are limited by tire width (because suspension clearance of tires). None of these traits contribute to making a very good sports car out of the box. A stock used corvette will always be a better sports car than a brand new TDI and for less money. A corvette doesn't have rear seats, but this article's focus is on power upgrades, not rear seating or fuel economy. In the end, the whole point of modifying your car is to suit your taste and preferences, so if you want to upgrade your existing car read on to 1000q: advanced performance upgrades KERMA, dbandel and Rolling Coal09 like this. (216762 Views) Last Modified: Nov 29, 2015 at 12:05 AM (Cached)

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D3299520

https://www.ulta.com/biotin-boost-thickening-shampoo?productId=xlsImpprod16401241

Biotin Boost Thickening Shampoo

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D1963727

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk_Right_Back

Walk Right Back

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (April 2014)"Walk Right Back"Single by The Everly Brothers A-side " Ebony Eyes " [1]Released 1961Recorded September 17, 1960Genre Rock Length 2: 18Label Warner Bros. [1]Songwriter (s) Sonny Curtis [1]Producer (s) Wesley Rose [1]The Everly Brothers singles chronology" Ebony Eyes " (1961) " Walk Right Back " (1961) "Temptation" (1961)" Walk Right Back " is a 1961 song by Sonny Curtis that was recorded by The Everly Brothers, and went to No. 7 on the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. [2] Overseas, the song went No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart for three weeks. [1] Originally it was the B-side, then it was changed to the A-side. In an interview he did with Jim Liddane of the International Songwriters Association [3] Sonny Curtis said about the song, "Well, I wrote most of that one Sunday afternoon, while I was doing my basic training in California, just after I went in the army, although I had the guitar riff for a while, and then, Lady Luck stepped in. I never was much for guns, and still am not really into them, but out of 250 men in our unit in basic training, six of us fired expert, and I was one of the six!Anyway, for firing expert, they gave me a three-day pass, and I went straight down to Hollywood, and the Crickets were there, and so were Don and Phil, who were doing some acting classes for movies — they had just signed for Warner Brothers. So, J. I. ( Jerry Allison of the Crickets) told me to sing the song for Don — actually I had only one verse written — and Don called Phil down, and they worked out a gorgeous harmony part. So, they said, 'If you write another verse. we'll record it'. Anyway, I went back to base, and wrote a second verse, and put it in the mail to them, and next morning, I got a letter from J. I. to tell me that the Everlys had already recorded the song before they got my letter — they had simply recorded the first verse twice! And that's the version that was released, and that's the version that was the hit!The joke is that Perry Como and Andy Williams and a whole bunch of others including myself, recorded the song with the second verse included, but when Anne Murray did it in 1978, she just did the same as the Everlys, just the one verse — and that was a big hit all over again — so maybe the second verse was never meant to be!" (It goes: "These eyes of mine that gave you loving glances once before, change to shades of cloudy gray. I want so very much to see you, just like before. I've got to know you're coming back to stay. Please believe me when I say, 'It's great to hear from you,' but there's a lot of things a letter just can't say, oh, me. Walk right back to me this minute...," etc.) [ citation needed]Contents [ hide ]1 Other versions2 Charts3 References4 External links Other versions [ edit]In 1971, the song was covered by Harry Nilsson on a BBC TV special The Music of Nilsson. Andy Williams - for his album Solitaire (1973)Perry Como - a single release which reached No. 33 in the UK charts in 1973. [4]Val Doonican - for the album Some of My Best Friends Are Songs (1977). [5]Mud recorded the song for their Rock On album in 1978. [6]In 1978, the song was a country hit for Anne Murray. ( Anne Murray discography ). Murray also performed a version of her song on The Muppet Show. Daniel O'Donnell and Mary Duff - for their album Timeless (1996). [7]Charts [ edit]Chart (1961) Peak position Norway ( VG-lista) [8] 10UK Singles (Official Charts Company) [9] 1US Billboard Hot 100 [10] 7References [ edit]^ a b c d e Rice, Jo (1982). The Guinness Book of 500 Number One Hits (1s ed.). Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 56. ISBN 0-85112-250-7.^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits: Eighth Edition. Record Research. p. 214.^ songwriter.co.uk^ Roberts, David (2005). British Hit Singles & Albums (18th ed.). Londom: Guinness World Records. p. 117. ISBN 1-904994-00-8.^ "Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved January 19, 2018.^ "Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved January 19, 2018.^ "Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved January 19, 2018.^ " Norwegiancharts.com – The Everly Brothers – Walk Right Back". VG-lista.^ "The Everly Brothers: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company.^ "The Everly Brothers Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. External links [ edit]Lyrics of this song at Metro Lyrics Preceded by " Sailor " by Petula Clark UK number one single "Walk Right Back" b/w " Ebony Eyes " (WB33) by the Everly Brothers March 2, 1961 (3 weeks) Succeeded by " Wooden Heart " by Elvis Presley [ show]v t e The Everly Brothers [ show]v t e Anne Murray

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D979005

http://www.dogs-and-dog-advice.com/unique-male-dog-names/

My Favorite Unique Male Dog names

Unique Male Dog Names: More than 140 Names for your Unique Male Dog The unique male dog names list has names for dogs who are different, uncommon or downright anomalous. For unique dogs or owners, you need a name that is special. Leave the commonplace behind as you hunt for the consummate canine cognominate. Hunting for a famous name? Look for highlighted entries with details about famous people and characters who inspired some of the names on this list. Do you have a unique Chihuahua? How about naming him Jumbo or King? If you are an artist, how about Picasso? Love country music? Try Rascal in honor of Rascal Flatts. If you prefer one syllable dog names, there are a few on this list including Benz, Gage, Jax and Monk. Head straight over to the one syllable list to see a lot more. Caution: Try to avoid one syllable name that sounds like a dog training command. It could confuse your dog. For this unique list, I tried to avoid the most popular dog names like Jake, Bailey, Sadie and Bella, even though one of my dogs is named Bailey (love that name). If you DO like popular names, check the top 100 dog names list for suggestions. My Favorite Unique Male Dog names Four of my favorite unique male dog names are Radar, Gizmo, Basil and Zephyr. As a fan of Eric Clapton’s music, I also like the name Clapton. Never heard of Clapton? Ugh. NOTE: That very beautiful dog in the picture to your right is named Loke, a very unique name. Thanks to Damian Searles of Australia for making this outstanding photo available. You might also find something you like on the Hunting dog names list. You don’t hunt? No problem. There are still a ton of great one syllable names to consider. Below is a list of more than 140 of my favorite unique male dog names, many with reasons why they made the list. Have fun while you are search. If you don’t find a name you like, visit our Dog Names by Breed page or one syllable dog names list to see more options. For even more names, search our list of more than 4,000 puppy names. Name Meaning Achilles Hero of Greek mythology. Remember the Trojan War? He was one of its heroes. Al Fresco Will your dog be outside a lot? Al Fresco may be perfect as it means “outside.”Aladdin Alcatraz The famous prison island in San Fransisco Bay. Alpaca Like a Llama, only smaller. Apex The very top or peak of something. Apogee Argyle Multi-colored, diamond shaped pattern. Think “preppy.”Balboa As in, Rocky Balboa. Yo, Adrian!Baldwin As in Alec, Stephen, William and Daniel, the actors who are brothers. Famous Name: Alec Baldwin (born 3 April 1958) is the eldest of four brothers, all of whom are actors like him. Some of his most popular films include Beetlejuice (1988), The Cooler (2003) and The Aviator (2004). Basil Yes, the herb. Or, Basil of Baker Street, the mouse character in The Great Mouse Detective. One of my favorite unique male dog names. Bengal The great, orange striped tiger. Think “Shere Khan” from Disney’s The Jungle Book. Benz As in the sweet luxury cars. Beowoof A play on the Old English poem, Beowulf, from the 11th century. Berber A type of carpet or a North African people group. Beret A cool hat. No, not “cold,”but sic, rad, tight, etc. Biscuit Biscuits often taste good when you make them for breakfast with gravy Blizzard A large snowstorm. Might be a good name for an Alaskan Malamute or Siberian Husky. Boa Very large snake that squeezes the life out of its victims. Bobo Upscale and artistic Bohemians. Bogart As in, Humphrey. If you have a male and female dog, you can name them Bogi and Becall. Famous Name: American cultural icon Humphrey Bogart (25 December 1899 to 14 January 1957) starred in numerous films, including The Petrified Forest (1936), In a Lonely Place (1950) and Sabrina (1954). In his almost 30-year film career, he has appeared in 75 feature films. Bomber In snow skiing, someone who flies down the mountain in an out of control fashion. Good name for a snow dog like a Husky, Alaskan Malamute or Akita. Bookie Are you a gambler? Borat A mockumentary comedy movie released in 2006. Famous Name: Borat Sagdiyev is a fictional Kazakh character played by English actor Sasha Baron Cohen. He is the main protagonist in the 2006 mockumentary Borat which followed him in his travels across the United States. Brewster An old English name for Brewer. As in, someone who brews beer. Brodie The girl’s version of Brody. A Brody is actually a ditch, like the trench you leave in dirt when you peel out with a four wheeler. Think: doing brodies in the dirt. Famous Name: Best known as “Polaroid Kidd,” Mike Brodie (born 1985) is an American photographer from Florida. His photographs usually depict hobos, squatters, train-hoppers and vagabonds. Bubbles Is your puppy bubbly? Do you like Lawrence Welk? (don’t know who that is? )Buckwheat As in the character from Little Rascals . Buddy From the 2003 movie, “Elf,” with Will Ferrell. Cameo An artistic shadow portrait, like you see in jewelry. Also, a brief appearance or small role in a play or film. Canyon The Grand Canyon, Hell’s Canyon, Bryce Canyon, etc. Cappy As in “Captain,” like an English military captain. Champ As in, Champion. Charlemagne A Roman Emperor in the 9th Century. Also King of the Frankish kingdom prior to his brief reign as Emperor. Chauffeur As in, the driver. Might name your female dog “Daisy.”Chewbaca The big brown creature in Star Wars who never actually says any real words. One of my favorite unique male dog names. Clapton As in Eric. If you are a guitar player, this could be the one you want. Famous Name: Eric Clapton (born 30 March 1945) is an English musician, as is considered as the one of the most influential and important guitarists of all time. One of his hits entitled Tears in Heaven expressed his grief on the death of his son in 1991. Crockett Davy, Davy Crockett, king of the wild frontier!Desert No, not Dessert. The big, sandy place like the Gobi, Sahara, etc. Dexter Someone who dyes clothing. Also, the name of my daughter’s Cockapoo!Diddley Asin Bo Diddley, the American R&B singer. Diesel As in Vin Diesel of Fast Five fame. Divot For golfers. Donner …and Blitzen, perhaps? Doodle Drawing cute little images; often abstract. Doyle An Irish name. A stranger or foreigner, often “black” or “dark.”Dragon As in, Dungeons and…Dynamite If you have two spitfire dogs, you could name them Dynamite and Fire Cracker. Elvis The King lives!Famous Name: Elvis Presley (8 January 1935 to 16 August 1977) is one of the most important cultural icons of the 20th century. Referred as the King of Rock and Roll, his biggest hits include Heartbreak Hotel and Love Me Tender. Espresso Coffee, indeed. Good Chocolate Lab name or name for a brown dog. Euphrates The sister river to the Tigris in the Fertile Crescent Falcon A bird of prey. Hawk-like. Fender A brand of guitar. OK, for some it is THE brand of guitar. Fletch Short for Fletcher, as in, Andy Fletcher from the band Depeche Mode. Also a 1980s movie with Chevy Chase. Gage As in a measuring gage. Also, an oath, guarantee, pledge or promise. Great name for a dog, right? Gasper A treasure. Also, one of the three kings – Magi – who visited Christ at His birth. Also, Gaspar. Genghis Famous Mongolian leader, Genghis Khan. Ginko As in, Ginko Biloba. Ginko is a Chinese tree. Good name for a Chinese dog breed, like a Chow Chow, Shar Pei or Shih Tzu. Gizmo One of my favorite Unique Male dog names. Guinness The Book of World Records or the beer. Take your pick. Gyro Like a Gyrocopter. Hachiko The dog star in Hachi: A Dog’s Tale, the 2009 movie staring Richard Gere. Hogan Is your dog a hulk? Think of Hulk Hogan, the famous pro wrestler. Hojo A Japanese name. The Hojo clan was a ruling family in Japan in the 13th century. Hooligan Trouble maker. Hugo Of German origin. A bright mind. Intelligent. A popular European name. Hunter Pretty good name for a gun dog, or a Hungarian Vizsla, for that matter. Igor Norse for Warrier archer. Jagger Does your puppy have big lips? Mick Jagger, the famous rocker, does. I’m not sure Mick would be happy he made the unique male dog names list, but we think he should. Jax An urban name for sexy guy. Jetta As in Volkswagen Jetta. Also, a black gem for a girl’s name. Jinx Something that brings bad luck. Actually, this was the nick name for my childhood friend’s dad. Jumbo For a big dog, or a very small one like a Chihuahua. Kevlar For your bullet-proof puppy. King Great name for a large or small dog breed. Kodak Like the camera company. Think “Kodak moment.”Lappy It’a actually short for laptop. I just thought it was a cute name. Levi Think Levi’s jeans. Also, the third son of Lea and Jacob. Head of the Israelite tribe of Levi. Loverboy Oh, you know. Macbeth As in, The Tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare. “Out, damned spot!”Malcolm Malcolm X, Malcolm in the Middle, etc. Melvin A Celtic mill worker. Also, the character Melvin Jones played by Jerry Lewis in the 1952 movie Sailor Beware . Merc Short for Mercury, the car, planet and the Greek god. Monk A religious man; member of a monastic order, who takes a vow of obedience, chastity and poverty. Moppet A child. Often little and sweet, as in a little tyke. Morris Of European decent. Comes from Maurice. Dark skinned. Muscles Good name for a Rottweiler. Nacho How about this one for a Chihuahua. Visit our Chihuahua names page for more ideas. Napa For the wine drinkers who love the Napa Valley. Napoleon As in, Napoleon Bonaparte or, my son’s favorite, Napoleon Dynamite. Gosh!Nero Roman Emperor from 54 to 68. Not a nice man. Executed his enemies – even his own mother!Nike The shoe company, the Greek Goddess of Victory, take your pick. Nitro For a potent little dog. Oliver This is French for elf army. Oscar Good name for a Dachshund, or weiner dog, as in Oscar Mayer hot dogs. Paco Latin for “from France.”Paddington As in, Paddington Bear. Pagoda Unique make dog name for an Akita dog or another dog of Asian descent. Panda Do you have a black and white dog? Good name. Pharaoh As in, the Pharaoh’s of Egypt. Learn about the Pharaoh Hound. Picasso As in, the famous Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso. Pistol As in, a hand gun. For a flowery pup, use Pistil instead. You know, pistils and stamens? Popeye …the sailor man. Quark In physics an electronic particle. Also, a type of cheese. Radar O’Reilly, from Mash. Another of my favorite unique male dog names. Rafferty One who posseses prosperity or good fortune. Abundance. Rags Cute name for a shaggy little dog. Ramstein As in, Ramstein-Miesenbach, a German municipality. Great German dog name. Ranger Think: Ranger Rick , the cute Racoon. Protector of the forest. Rascal As in the country band called “Rascal Flatts.”Rasta Ya man. As in, Rastafari of Jamaican origin. Remington The famous rifle. Rolf As in Ralph or Rudolf. Also, Roll On The Floor (laughing). Romeo …and Juliet. Royce As in Rolls Royce. Sage A type of herb, often used for healing. Seal Like a Navy Seal. The sea animal. Also, the famous musician. Sinatra Will your dog do it his way? Frank Sinatra certainly did. Skinner As in, hunter. Also, a mule driver or driver of a mule train. Slicker Think “City Slicker.” A city dweller with no experience in the country. Sonata Not the car, the song. A musical name. Tamale As in “Hot Tamale.” Good name for a Chihuahua or other Mexican breed. Taz As in, Tazmanian Devil. Thumper For Disney fans. Tizzy As in, don’t throw a tizzy! Nervously excited. Or agitated. Trojan Is your dog going to be as big as a horse? A Trojan horse, perhaps? Trooper Good hunting dog name. Trout A type of fish. Fun name for a water dog, like a Labrador Retriever, Otterhound, Standard Poodle, etc. Venga A type of fish Waddles As in, one who . . . waddles. Just thought this was cute!Wanderer One who wanders. Maybe a good name for an explorer or curious dog. Warhol For Andy Warhol fans (he was a well-known film maker and pop artist). Weebles As in, the rolly polly toys. Weebles wabble but they don’t fall down!Woodsy In honor of Woodsy Owl. Wrangler For Jeep fans. Xavier A Latin name. It has a boring meaing: owns a new house. But it is unique. Xerxes A king of the 5th century. One who rules. Yo Yo As in the toy yo-yo. Also, Yo-Yo Ma, the great cellist. Zero None, as in a numeric quantity. Also, to aim or “zero in.” Not a one syllable name, but not bad for a hunting dog . Ziggy As in, the cartoon character. Zephyr Greek God of the west wind. Also a cool train from the 1930s. This made the unique male dog names list because I have never met a dog name Zephyr. Great name. Can’t find the name you like on the Unique Male Dog names list? Don’t give up. Visit our Dog Names by Breed list or one syllable dog names list to do some more searching. If you have a great name, tell us about it!Share your favorite Dog Names!Share your favorite dog names and a personal story if you have one. If you do have a story, tell us why you chose the name you did or let us know why the name is special to you. Enter Name (s) or Story Title *First Share names, lists, stories or comments! *Upload A Picture of your Dog if you have one (optional)Add a Picture/Graphic Caption (optional)Last Email *Website I'm not a robotre CAPTCHAPrivacy - Terms Section Number Return from Unique Male Dog Names to the Puppy Names page Visit the Dog Names by Breed page Go to Dogs and Dog Advice home page Sorry, the browser you are using is not currently supported. 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#### Query Generation from Webtext Task famous dog names names inspired by movies for dogs male dog names from literature names inspired by celebrities for dogs male dog names inspired by historical figures uncommon dog names for males rare dog names for males dog names inspired by music dog names inspired by nature dog names inspired by sports

D931974

http://www.holiday-weather.com/punta_cana/averages/february/

Averages for Punta cana in February

What's the Weather like in Punta Cana in February Temperature Punta Cana is found on the eastern coast of the Dominican Republic. This popular holiday resort has a tropical climate with high temperatures and plenty of sunshine throughout the year. February falls within the dry season in Punta Cana and sees very similar weather to January. During this month, the average temperature for the resort rises as the month progresses, starting at 25°C at the beginning of the month and increasing slightly up to 25.5°C by the end. Daily highs remain the same at 28°C throughout the month, whilst daily lows increase from 22°C to 23°C as the month develops. In recent times, the highest temperature ever registered in the resort in February is 32°C, whilst the lowest temperature which has ever been recorded in Punta Cana during this month is 17°C. Rain Because it falls in the middle of the dry season, February sees only a small amount of rainfall when compared to October or November. During this month, the average rainfall for the resort is 49mm (two inches), almost half that of January. This precipitation is spread over an average of four rainy days throughout the month, which means there is very little chance you'll see any rainfall at all during your holiday. If you are unfortunate enough to get some of the wet stuff during your stay in Punta Cana, it will most probably be moderate rain or light rain. Rainfall is most likely to occur around February 3 rd, when it falls on 32% of days. On the other hand, precipitation is least likely to fall around February 25 th when it only happens in 27% of days. Average Sunshine Hours Across February, Punta Cana enjoys an average of nine hours of sunshine each day – that's the same as in January. With so many hours of sunshine, you'll have plenty of opportunities to discover the resort and work on your tan by the pool or at the beach. Over the course of the month, the length of the day remains essentially constant, with a difference of only 25 minutes between the beginning and end of the month. The shortest day of the month is February 1 st with 11 hours and 20 minutes of daylight, whilst the longest day of the month is February 28 th or 29 th with 11 hours and 45 minutes of daylight. In February, the sky in Punta Cana is most accurately described as being partly cloudy. Median cloud coverage ranges between 46% on February 1 st and 44% on February 22 nd. Over the course of a typical February in Punta Cana, wind speeds usually range from 1 m/s to 7 m/s (light to moderate breeze) almost never exceeding 8 m/s (fresh breeze). The highest average wind speed of 5 m/s (gentle breeze) tends to occur around February 29 th, when the average daily maximum is 7 m/s. On the other hand, the lowest average wind speed of 4 m/s (gentle breeze) usually happens around February 8 th, when the average daily maximum is 6 m/s. Humidity The relative humidity for Punta Cana in February fluctuates between 64% (mildly humid) and 94% (very humid), almost never exceeding 99% or falling below 57%. The air is most often at its driest around February 29 th, when the relative humidity levels drop below 67% three days out of every four. On the other hand, February 9 th is usually when the air is at its most humid, when the relative humidity levels rise above 91% three days out of four. Average Sea Temperature The average sea temperature for the resort during this month is 26°C – that's slightly cooler than in January. Although everyone feels water temperatures differently, almost everyone who visits the island will agree that this is the perfect temperature for swimming, diving and snorkelling. Punta Cana Hotels in February The all-inclusive Hotel Be Live Grand Punta Cana is the perfect place to enjoy a holiday on a budget. Suitable for families and couples alike, this five-star hotel offers comfortable accommodation and a great range of facilities for affordable rates. Guests can choose between standard rooms, superior rooms, junior suites and master suites, providing something for everyone. Onsite facilities and services include: bars, restaurants, swimming pools, private beach, water sports and nightly entertainment. When it comes to beachside accommodation, it doesn't get much better than Paradisus Palma Real Resort. Located on Bavaro Beach, this hotel lets kids stay for free, making it a top pick for families. Accommodation is available in the form of junior suites and master suites. There are loads of services and facilities for guests to enjoy onsite, including bars, restaurants, spa, golf course, swimming pool, entertainment programme, babysitting services and gym. Luxury Bahia Principe Ambar is another top choice for tourists on holiday in Punta Cana. This popular resort provides accommodation in the form of junior suites and boasts loads of amenities, including swimming pools, bars, restaurants, Wi Fi access, spa and golf course. The comprehensive all-inclusive option includes unlimited meals in the hotel's restaurants which serve a variety of international cuisines. Punta Cana Beach for February Macao Beach is considered one of the most attractive beaches in Punta Cana thanks to the impressive, white sands and and crystal clear waters. As well as an ideal place to relax and unwind with some gentle swimming, this beach also caters for those seeking an adrenaline rush. Quad bikes and buggies can be hired out locally and driven along certain parts of this beach, a fabulous way to explore more of this beautiful island. Another winning benefit of this beach is that it is the only one not surrounded by hotels, which gives Macao a secluded and unspoiled charm; for ultimate relaxation. Things to do in Punta Cana in February Punta Cana is one of the best places in the world for water sports, with a huge choice of activities available all-year-round. If you fancy something daring, snorkel along the coral reefs and get to know the giant sting rays and nurse sharks. If you'd prefer something more tame, head to Dolphin Island and swim amongst the friendly mammals. Punta Cana Surf School is a fantastic place for amateurs to learn how to ride the waves. This surf school will pick you up from your hotel and transport you to Macao Beach where an instructor and several assistants will guide you through the first stages of the sport and ensure that you will be surfing like a pro in no time. If you've got plenty of experience surfing, you can skip the classes and just rent your equipment from their beachside shack. For thrills and excitement the whole family will enjoy, book a zip line canopy adventure tour. On this family-friendly day out you'll soar over the tops of valleys and see some of the most breathtaking tropical scenery on the island. The zip lining tours are led by knowledgeable multilingual tour guides who guarantee you the safest zip lining conditions in the Dominican Republic. There are two different tours to choose from, guaranteeing something for all budgets. A trip to Punta Cana isn't complete without trying the local seafood. Kukua Beach Club offers a range of Spanish and international cuisine, specialising in fresh seafood. Be sure to try the paella – it's said to be the best in the whole of Punta Cana. If you're not a fan of seafood, there is a selection of meat and pasta-based dishes available, too. Dates for the diary Although February is packed full of events and festivals, many of the dates for them have yet to be released. Sports lovers won't want to miss the chance to see the Co-Ed Slo Pitch which is scheduled to take place in February 2015. This baseball tournament is one of the many which are held throughout the Caribbean and are fantastic to watch. Throughout February 2015, the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino is planning on hosting several music concerts. Unfortunately, the dates and details for the concerts have yet to be revealed, but you can expect a fantastic mixture of local and international singers and bands covering all sorts of music genres. February 27 th marks National Independence Day in Punta Cana. This public holiday celebrates the date in 1844 when the Dominican Republic gained its freedom from Haiti. All sorts of patriotic events are held in honour of this day, with Juan Pablo Duarte tributes, a speech from the president of the Dominican Republic and flags decorating the whole of the resort. The Punta Cana IV Tango Festival is scheduled to take place in Punta Cana toward the end of February in 2015. This four-day dance festival is made up of loads of dance performances covering a number of tango variations, including Bachatango, Argentine Tango and Tango Salon. If you're not interested in tango dancing, there are plenty of other things for you to enjoy, including numerous beach activities and food kiosks.

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task average temperature in Punta Cana in February rainfall in Punta Cana in February how many hours of sunshine in Punta Cana in February length of day in Punta Cana in February wind speed in Punta Cana in February humidity in Punta Cana in February average sea temperature in Punta Cana in February hotels in Punta Cana in February beaches in Punta Cana in February activities in Punta Cana in February

D2535910

https://www.litcharts.com/lit/i-am-malala/chapter-1-a-daughter-is-born

I Am Malala Chapter 1Summary & Analysis

Themes and Colors Key Summary Analysis Malala explains that she was born at dawn (traditionally a sign of luck in her community), but many people in the village still felt sorry for her family because Malala was a girl. As she puts it, women in her country are seen as second-class citizens, fit only for making food and birthing more children. Malala doesn’t always express her outrage, even in describing seemingly outrageous things. She can be surprisingly matter-of-fact about the sexism in her community—and its “ordinariness” makes it all the more sinister. Active Themes One of the only people to celebrate Malala ’s birth was her father’s cousin, Jehan Sher Khan Yousafzai. He gave Malala a “handsome gift of money.” He also brought with him a large family tree, showing the sons and fathers of Malala’s family. Malala’s father, Ziauddin, had an unusual reaction when his cousin brought the family free. Instead of accepting it as a gift, he took a pen and drew a line to indicate Malala’s birth, even though she was a woman. Ziauddin insisted that Malala was special, and celebrated her birth with coins and fruit—gifts usually reserved for male children. At times Malala makes large, sweeping statements about the state of sexism, religious extremism, etc., in Pakistan. Yet she’s very careful never to paint Pakistan with too broad a brush—she always recognizes that there are exceptions to the statements she’s making (like Jehan Sher Khan). Ziauddin will be a huge influence on Malala, and we see that he adored her from the start, refusing to treat her any differently from male children. Active Themes Malala is named after Malalai, a heroine of Afghanistan. Malala’s ethnic group, the Pashtuns, are divided between two countries, Afghanistan and neighboring Pakistan. The Pashtuns obey a strict moral code of honor, which obligates them to treat all people with honor and respect. The Pashtuns are also a proud, warlike people. Malalai is a heroine to them because in the 1880s, she led the Pashtuns in a successful uprising against the British Empire. Malalai was only a teenager at the time, and she set aside married life to become a general and a warrior. British soldiers killed her, but her troops eventually defeated the British. To this day, monuments to Malalai are built in Afghanistan, and she’s a symbol of the native resistance to foreign aggression. Malala’s description of her namesake creates a curious tension in the book. It’s clear that Pashtun culture as it exists in the early 21st century is in many ways highly repressive and sexist. Yet at the same time, women have played an unusually large role in Pashtun history, and in fact one stands at the center of its single greatest military victory. Thus it seems self-contradictory that this society should so revere the women of its past while having so little respect for the women of its present. Malalai will be an important historical precedent for Malala’s own heroism. Active Themes Malala continues explaining her culture. She lives in Swat Valley, a beautiful place full of fruit trees, rivers, and forests. In the winter, the villagers ski in the nearby mountains. Swat is currently a part of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in Pakistan. Formerly, Swat was an independent state, but following Indian independence in 1947, it became an autonomous state of Pakistan. The people of Swat use the Pakistan currency—the rupee—but nonetheless maintain an unusually large amount of cultural and political autonomy from Pakistan. Most of the people of Swat have never left their valley, even though the capital of Pakistan, Islamabad, is only a hundred miles away. One thing to keep in mind, Malala stresses, is that everyone in Mingora is restricted in his or her movements—not just the women. Indeed, the majority of people in the community haven’t even left Swat. This is also a very beautiful part of the world, and it’s clear that Malala loves her homeland deeply. This then makes it all the more tragic when Swat is beset with violence, oppression, and suffering. Active Themes Get the entire I Am Malala Lit Chart as a printable PDF. Download it!Malala and her family live in the village of Mingora, the largest town in Swat. Swat has been an Islamic town since the 11th century. Prior to this time, however, it was a Buddhist state, and there are still ruins of Buddhist temples in Swat. Malala has grown up surrounded by birds and other animals, enjoying the beauty of the valley and the surrounding Hindu Kush mountains. Swat is unique from its Pakistani neighbors in many ways. It’s the home of many different religious traditions, including Buddhist, Hindu, and Muslim. This religious diversity is a large part of its appeal to Malala from a young age, as she loves exploring the ruins of the temples. Active Themes Malala ’s family is very poor. Despite founding the first school for girls in Mingora, Malala’s father and his family live in a shack. Nevertheless, Malala’s family frequently entertains visitors, cooking for them and spending time with them. Hospitality, Malala explains, is a crucial part of her culture. Malala’s brother, Khushal, is named after their father’s school, which he attends. Her youngest brother, Atal, is seven years younger than she. Her family is very small by Swati standards. Malala’s father, unlike the majority of Swati men, never hits his wife, whose name is Tor Pekai. Malala notes that the people in her community aspire to have paler skin. Malala’s father, for instance, was always ashamed of his dark skin as a child. Only after he married Tor Pekai did he overcome his shame. Tor Pekai and Ziauddin had an unusual marriage, since they married out of love, not social obligation. This is highly rare in Pakistan, Malala notes. It’s hard to imagine a family in any other place being so committed to hospitality, even when the family itself is in danger of falling into poverty. And yet in many ways, Malala’s family isn’t at all typical of the Pashtun or Pakistani norms. On the contrary, Ziauddin and Tor Pekai married for love—something which may seem familiar to American readers, but is irregular for Pakistanis, as we’re meant to understand. It’s also notable that Ziauddin doesn’t beat his wife or children—he doesn’t assume that he is naturally superior and entitled to violence just because he is a man. Many Pakistani men do feel this way, Malala explains, which doesn’t bode well for the rise of extremism in the coming years. Active Themes Malala continues describing her family. Tor Pekai is very religious, and always prays five times a day, as is the Muslim custom. Malala’s father was rarely around when Malala was growing up: Ziauddin was busy writing poetry, organizing literary societies, and taking measures to preserve the environment in the valley. Although he is from an impoverished village, Ziauddin used his intelligence and hard work to become successful. Malala grew up respecting the power of language, largely as a result of her father’s influence. Malala benefits from strong role models from a very early age. While Ziauddin isn’t often directly present in Malala’s life while she’s growing up, his “presence” as an influence in her life is enormous. He teaches her to respect the environment, literature, and poetry, and to understand the power of words. This will become more important as Malala becomes a public speaker and writer (of this very memoir, among other things). Active Themes Malala ’s family is descended from the Yousafzai, a noted Pashtun tribe who celebrated combat as well as poetry. The Yousafzai feuded with one another constantly, but in 1917, one Yousafzai warrior managed to impose order on the Swati Valley. His son, Jehanzeb, brought great wealth and prosperity to the Valley. In 1969, the year Malala’s father was born, the Valley firmly united with Pakistan. Malala thinks of herself as Swati first, then Pashtun, then Pakistani. Malala’s identity thus far has seemed to be based almost entirely on peace, nonviolence, and forgiveness—even of the Taliban who threaten her life. Ironically, she’s descended from a family that celebrates war and conflict as a way of life. And yet the Yousafzais also celebrate poetry, again emphasizing the power of words for Malala. Active Themes Growing up, Malala noticed that, as a woman, she was restricted from traveling where she wanted. From an early age, however, Malala decided that she wouldn’t let the sexism of her society stifle her. Her father encouraged her to be “free as a bird.” Malala seems to be born with a sense of freedom and natural morality, but then also has these traits nurtured and encouraged by her father, who is an excellent role model, it seems. Active Themes Previous Prologue Next Chapter 2Cite This Page

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task who was malalai of afghanistan role of women in pashtun history topography of swat valley history of the swat valley cultural diversity in swat life in mingora significance of hospitality in pakistani culture unusual marriage practices in pakistan dark skin complexion in pakistan significance of dawn birth in pakistan

D976463

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_bronchitis

Acute bronchitis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Acute bronchitis Synonyms Chest cold Figure A shows the location of the lungs and bronchial tubes. Figure B is an enlarged view of a normal bronchial tube. Figure C is an enlarged view of a bronchial tube with bronchitis. Specialty Pulmonology Symptoms Cough with sputum, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, chest discomfort [1] [2]Duration Up to 6 weeks [3]Causes Typically viral infection [1]Risk factors Tobacco smoke, dust, air pollution [2]Diagnostic method Based on symptoms [4]Differential diagnosis Asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, COPD [1]Prevention Avoiding air pollution, handwashing [5]Treatment Rest, paracetamol (acetaminophen), NSAIDs [3] [6]Frequency ~5% one or more episodes a year [7] [8]Acute bronchitis, also known as a chest cold, is short-term inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) of the lungs. [2] [1] The most common symptom is a cough. [1] Other symptoms include coughing up mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, and chest discomfort. [2] The infection may last from a few to ten days. [2] The cough may persist for several weeks afterward with the total duration of symptoms usually around three weeks. [2] [1] Some have symptoms for up to six weeks. [3]In more than 90% of cases the cause is a viral infection. [1] These viruses may be spread through the air when people cough or by direct contact. [2] Risk factors include exposure to tobacco smoke, dust, and other air pollution. [2] A small number of cases are due to high levels of air pollution or bacteria such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Bordetella pertussis. [1] [9] Diagnosis is typically based on a person's signs and symptom. [4] The color of the sputum does not indicate if the infection is viral or bacterial. [1] Determining the underlying organism is typically not needed. [1] Other causes of similar symptoms include asthma, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis, and COPD. [1] [7] A chest X-ray may be useful to detect pneumonia. [1]Prevention is by not smoking and avoiding other lung irritants. [5] Frequent hand washing may also be protective. [5] Treatment of acute bronchitis typically involves rest, paracetamol (acetaminophen), and NSAIDs to help with the fever. [3] [6] Cough medicine has little support for its use and is not recommended in children less than six years of age. [1] [10] Salbutamol is not effective in children with an acute cough who do not have restricted airways. [11] There is weak evidence that salbutamol may be useful in adults with wheezing due to a restricted airway; however, it may result in nervousness, shakiness or a tremor. [1] [11] Antibiotics should generally not be used. [12] An exception is when acute bronchitis is due to pertussis. [1] Tentative evidence supports honey and pelargonium to help with symptoms. [1]Acute bronchitis is one of the most common diseases. [3] [13] About 5% of adults are affected and about 6% of children have at least one episode a year. [7] [8] It occurs more often in the winter. [7] More than 10 million people in the United States visit a doctor each year for this condition with approximately 70% receiving antibiotics, most of which are not needed. [3] There are efforts to decrease the use of antibiotics in acute bronchitis. [13]Contents [ hide ]1 Signs and symptoms2 Cause3 Diagnosis4 Prevention5 Treatment5.1 Antibiotics5.2 Smoking cessation6 Prognosis7 Epidemiology8 References9 External links Signs and symptoms [ edit]Bronchitis may be indicated by an expectorating cough, shortness of breath ( dyspnea ), and wheezing. On occasion, chest pains, fever, and fatigue or malaise may also occur. In addition, bronchitis caused by Adenoviridae may cause systemic and gastrointestinal symptoms as well. However, the coughs due to bronchitis can continue for up to three weeks or more even after all other symptoms have subsided. [ citation needed]Cause [ edit]Acute bronchitis can be caused by contagious pathogens, most commonly viruses. Typical viruses include respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, influenza, and others. Bacteria are uncommon pathogens but may include Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. [ citation needed]Damage caused by irritation of the airways leads to inflammation and leads to neutrophils infiltrating the lung tissue. Mucosal hypersecretion is promoted by a substance released by neutrophils. Further obstruction to the airways is caused by more goblet cells in the small airways. This is typical of chronic bronchitis. Although infection is not the reason or cause of chronic bronchitis, it is seen to aid in sustaining the bronchitis. Diagnosis [ edit]Mild peri hilar cuffing as seen in viral bronchitis A physical examination will often reveal decreased intensity of breath sounds, wheezing, rhonchi, and prolonged expiration. Most physicians rely on the presence of a persistent dry or wet cough as evidence of bronchitis. [ citation needed]A variety of tests may be performed in patients presenting with cough and shortness of breath: [ citation needed]A chest X-ray is useful to exclude pneumonia which is more common in those with a fever, fast heart rate, fast respiratory rate, or who are old. [7]A sputum sample showing neutrophil granulocytes (inflammatory white blood cells) and culture showing that has pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus species. A blood test would indicate inflammation (as indicated by a raised white blood cell count and elevated C-reactive protein ). Prevention [ edit]An oral whole cell nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae vaccine may protect against the disease, but "the evidence is mixed". [14]Treatment [ edit]Most cases are self-limited and resolve themselves in a few weeks. Antibiotics [ edit]Evidence does not support the general use of antibiotics in acute bronchitis. [12] While some evidence suggests antibiotics speed up resolution of the cough by about 12 hours there is a greater risk of gastrointestinal problems and no change in longer term outcomes. [15] Antibiotics use also leads to the promotion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which increase morbidity and mortality. [16]Smoking cessation [ edit]Further information: Smoking cessation To help the bronchial tree heal faster and not make bronchitis worse, smokers should quit smoking completely. [ citation needed]Prognosis [ edit]Acute bronchitis usually lasts a few days or weeks. [17] It may accompany or closely follow a cold or the flu, or may occur on its own. Bronchitis usually begins with a dry cough, including waking the sufferer at night. After a few days, it progresses to a wetter or productive cough, which may be accompanied by fever, fatigue, and headache. The fever, fatigue, and malaise may last only a few days, but the wet cough may last up to several weeks. [ citation needed]Should the cough last longer than a month, some physicians may issue a referral to an otorhinolaryngologist (ear, nose and throat doctor) to see if a condition other than bronchitis is causing the irritation. It is possible that having irritated bronchial tubes for as long as a few months may inspire asthmatic conditions in some patients. [ citation needed]In addition, if one starts coughing mucus tinged with blood, one should see a physician. In rare cases, physicians may conduct tests to see whether the cause of the bloody sputum is a serious condition such as tuberculosis or lung cancer. [ citation needed]Epidemiology [ edit]Acute bronchitis is one of the most common diseases. [3] [13] About 5% of adults are affected and about 6% of children have at least one episode a year. [7] [8] It occurs more often in the winter. [7]In infants under one year of age, acute bronchitis was the most common reason for admission to the hospital after an emergency department visit in the US in 2011. [18]References [ edit]^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Albert, RH (1 December 2010). "Diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchitis". American Family Physician. 82 (11): 1345–50. PMID 21121518.^ a b c d e f g h "What Is Bronchitis?". August 4, 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.^ a b c d e f g Tackett, KL; Atkins, A (December 2012). "Evidence-based acute bronchitis therapy". Journal of pharmacy practice. 25 (6): 586–90. doi: 10.1177/0897190012460826. PMID 23076965.^ a b "How Is Bronchitis Diagnosed?". August 4, 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.^ a b c "How Can Bronchitis Be Prevented?". August 4, 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.^ a b "How Is Bronchitis Treated?". August 4, 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.^ a b c d e f g Wenzel, RP; Fowler AA, 3rd (16 November 2006). "Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (20): 2125–30. doi: 10.1056/nejmcp061493. PMID 17108344.^ a b c Fleming, DM; Elliot, AJ (March 2007). "The management of acute bronchitis in children". Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 8 (4): 415–26. doi: 10.1517/14656566.8.4.415. PMID 17309336.^ "What Causes Bronchitis?". August 4, 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.^ Smith, SM; Schroeder, K; Fahey, T (24 November 2014). "Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11: CD001831. doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD001831.pub5. PMID 25420096.^ a b Becker, Lorne A.; Hom, Jeffrey; Villasis-Keever, Miguel; van der Wouden, Johannes C. (2015-09-03). "Beta2-agonists for acute cough or a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchitis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (9): CD001726. doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD001726.pub5. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 26333656.^ a b Smith, SM; Fahey, T; Smucny, J; Becker, LA (19 Jun 2017). "Antibiotics for acute bronchitis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6: CD000245. doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD000245.pub4. PMID 28626858.^ a b c Braman, SS (January 2006). "Chronic cough due to acute bronchitis: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines". Chest. 129 (1 Suppl): 95S–103S. doi: 10.1378/chest.129.1_suppl.95S. PMID 16428698.^ Teo, Edward; House, Hugh; Lockhart, Kathleen; Purchuri, Sai Navya; Pushparajah, Jennifer; Cripps, Allan W; van Driel, Mieke L, (2014). "Haemophilus influenzae oral vaccination for preventing acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (9): CD010010. doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD010010.pub2. PMID 10796676.^ Smith, SM; Smucny, J; Fahey, T. "Antibiotics for acute bronchitis". JAMA. 312 (24): 2678–9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.12839. PMID 25536260.^ Hueston WJ (March 1997). "Antibiotics: neither cost effective nor 'cough' effective". The Journal of Family Practice. 44 (3): 261–5. PMID 9071245.^ "Bronchitis". Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. 2007-04-20. Archived from the original on 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2008-05-30.^ Weiss, A. J.; Wier, L. M.; Stocks, C.; Blanchard, J. (June 2014). "Overview of Emergency Department Visits in the United States, 2011". HCUP Statistical Brief #174. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Archived from the original on 2014-08-03. External links [ edit]Classification V · T · DICD - 10: J20 - J21 ICD - 9-CM: 466 Me SH: D001991External resources Medline Plus: 001087 e Medicine: article/297108Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bronchitis. Acute Bronchitis Family Doctor.org (American Academy of Family Physicians) [ show]v t e Diseases of the respiratory system ( J, 460–519) [ show]v t e Common cold Categories: Inflammations Acute lower respiratory infections Bronchus disorders

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task causes of acute bronchitis symptoms of acute bronchitis common diseases similar to bronchitis treatment for acute bronchitis in adults is coughing a symptom of bronchitis acute bronchitis caused by viruses average duration of bronchitis prevention methods for acute bronchitis shortness of breath in bronchitis diagnosis methods for bronchitis

D408434

https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/qa/what-is-autonomic-neuropathy

What is autonomic neuropathy?

What is autonomic neuropathy? ANSWERAutonomic neuropathy affects the part of your nervous system that controls your heart, lungs, bladder, digestive tract, sex organs, and eyes. It also goes after your blood vessels and can increase blood flow to your limbs, which could result in swelling and weakened bones. From: What's Causing Your Joint and Nerve Pain? Web MD Medical Reference Sources |Medically Reviewed on 2/18/2018WAS THIS ANSWER HELPFULSHARENEXT QUESTION: What can you do to protect your skin if you have diabetes? More Answers On Diabetes What should my first-aid kit for my skin include if I have diabetes? How can you treat minor skin problems if you have diabetes? How can you treat minor burns if you have diabetes? When should you call a doctor or podiatrist about your diabetes-related skin issues? This tool does not provide medical advice. See additional information.

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task parts of the body affected by autonomic neuropathy effects of autonomic neuropathy on heart autonomic neuropathy and digestive tract impact of autonomic neuropathy on eyes how autonomic neuropathy affects blood flow consequences of autonomic neuropathy on bones autonomic neuropathy and swelling in limbs how autonomic neuropathy weakens bones does autonomic neuropathy lead to swollen limbs involvement of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes

D2105707

http://www.michigan.gov/wca/

.

Welcome to Workers' Compensation Agency (WCA)Michigan's injured workers and their employers are governed by the Workers' Disability Compensation Act. This Act was first adopted in 1912 and provides compensation to workers who suffer an injury on the job and protects employers' liability. The mission of the Workers' Compensation Agency is to efficiently administer the Act and provide prompt, courteous and impartial service to all customers. What's New Accomplishments Contact Us Related Links

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task compensation for job injury in Michigan workers' disability compensation act mission of workers' compensation agency services provided by workers' compensation agency injured workers' rights in Michigan Michigan's employer liability laws history of workers' compensation agency in Michigan administration of workers' disability compensation act how to contact workers' compensation agency related services to workers' compensation agency

D2153304

https://pokemondb.net/pokedex/deoxys

Deoxys

Deoxys#385 Jirachi #387 Turtwig Contents Info, stats & defenses Pokédex entries Evolution chart Moves learned Sprites Locations Q&ADeoxys is a Psychic type Pokémon introduced in Generation 3. It is known as the DNA Pokémon. Share this page: Normal Forme Attack Forme Defense Forme Speed Forme Pokédex data National № 386Type Psychic Species DNA Pokémon Height 5′7″ (1.70m)Weight 134 lbs (60.8 kg)Abilities Pressure Local № 202 (Ruby/Sapphire) 211 (Omega Ruby/Alpha Sapphire)Japanese Deokishisu Training EV yield 1 Attack, 1 Special Attack, 1 Speed Catch rate 3 (0.4% with PokéBall, full HP)Base Happiness 0 (lower than normal)Base EXP 215Growth Rate Slow Breeding Egg Groups Undiscovered Gender Genderless Egg cycles 120 (base 30,720 steps)Base stats Total 600 Min Max HP 50 210 304Attack 150 274 438Defense 50 94 218Sp. Atk 150 274 438Sp. Def 50 94 218Speed 150 274 438The ranges shown on the right are for a level 100 Pokémon. Maximum values are based on a beneficial nature, 252 EVs, 31 IVs; minimum values are based on a hindering nature, 0 EVs, 0 IVs. Type defenses The effectiveness of each type on Deoxys. Nor Fir Wat Ele Gra Ice Fig Poi Gro½Fly Psy Bug Roc Gho Dra Dar Ste Fai½ 2 2 2Pokédex entries Ruby The DNA of a space virus underwent a sudden mutation upon exposure to a laser beam and resulted in DEOXYS. The crystalline organ on this POKéMON’s chest appears to be its brain. Sapphire DEOXYS emerged from a virus that came from space. It is highly intelligent and wields psychokinetic powers. This POKéMON shoots lasers from the crystalline organ on its chest. Fire Red This DEOXYS has transformed into its aggressive guise. It can fool enemies by altering its appearance. Leaf Green When it changes form, an aurora appears. It absorbs attacks by altering its cellular structure. Emerald A POKéMON that mutated from an extraterrestrial virus exposed to a laser beam. Its body is configured for superior agility and speed. Diamond Pearl Platinum An alien virus that fell to earth on a meteor underwent a DNA mutation to become this Pokémon. Heart Gold Soul Silver DNA from a space virus mutated and became a Pokémon. It appears where auroras are seen. Black White Black 2White 2An alien virus that fell to earth on a meteor underwent a DNA mutation to become this Pokémon. XAn alien virus that fell to earth on a meteor underwent a DNA mutation to become this Pokémon. Y DNA from a space virus mutated and became a Pokémon. It appears where auroras are seen. Omega Ruby The DNA of a space virus underwent a sudden mutation upon exposure to a laser beam and resulted in Deoxys. The crystalline organ on this Pokémon’s chest appears to be its brain. Alpha Sapphire Deoxys emerged from a virus that came from space. It is highly intelligent and wields psychokinetic powers. This Pokémon shoots lasers from the crystalline organ on its chest. Evolution chart Deoxys does not evolve. Name origindeoxyribonucleic acidthe full technical name for DNA, the core genetic material for all living things Moves learned by Deoxys In other generations: 3 4 5 6Ultra Sun/Ultra Moon Sun/Moon Moves learnt by level up Deoxys learns the following moves in Pokémon Ultra Sun/Ultra Moon at the levels specified. Normal Forme Attack Forme Defense Forme Speed Forme Lv. Move Type Cat. Power Acc.1 Leer Normal — 1001 Wrap Normal 15 907 Night Shade Ghost — 10013 Teleport Psychic — —19 Knock Off Dark 65 10025 Pursuit Dark 40 10031 Psychic Psychic 90 10037 Snatch Dark — —43 Psycho Shift Psychic — 9049 Zen Headbutt Psychic 80 9055 Cosmic Power Psychic — —61 Recover Normal — —67 Psycho Boost Psychic 140 9073 Hyper Beam Normal 150 90Egg moves Deoxys does not learn any moves by breeding in Pokémon Ultra Sun/Ultra Moon. Move Tutor moves Deoxys can be taught these attacks in Pokémon Ultra Sun/Ultra Moon from move tutors ( details ): Normal Forme Attack Forme Defense Forme Speed Forme Move Type Cat. Power Acc. Ally Switch Psychic — —Bind Normal 15 85Drain Punch Fighting 75 100Fire Punch Fire 75 100Focus Punch Fighting 150 100Gravity Psychic — —Ice Punch Ice 75 100Icy Wind Ice 55 95Knock Off Dark 65 100Laser Focus Normal — —Low Kick Fighting — 100Magic Coat Psychic — —Recycle Normal — —Role Play Psychic — —Shock Wave Electric 60 ∞Signal Beam Bug 75 100Skill Swap Psychic — —Snatch Dark — —Snore Normal 50 100Stealth Rock Rock — —Stomping Tantrum Ground 75 100Telekinesis Psychic — —Throat Chop Dark 80 100Thunder Punch Electric 75 100Trick Psychic — 100Water Pulse Water 60 100Wonder Room Psychic — —Zen Headbutt Psychic 80 90Moves learnt by TMDeoxys is compatible with these Technical Machines in Pokémon Ultra Sun/Ultra Moon: TM Move Type Cat. Power Acc.3 Psyshock Psychic 80 1004 Calm Mind Psychic — —6 Toxic Poison — 9010 Hidden Power Normal 60 10011 Sunny Day Fire — —12 Taunt Dark — 10013 Ice Beam Ice 90 10015 Hyper Beam Normal 150 9016 Light Screen Psychic — —17 Protect Normal — —18 Rain Dance Water — —20 Safeguard Normal — —21 Frustration Normal — 10022 Solar Beam Grass 120 10024 Thunderbolt Electric 90 10025 Thunder Electric 110 7027 Return Normal — 10029 Psychic Psychic 90 10030 Shadow Ball Ghost 80 10031 Brick Break Fighting 75 10032 Double Team Normal — —33 Reflect Psychic — —39 Rock Tomb Rock 60 9540 Aerial Ace Flying 60 ∞41 Torment Dark — 10042 Facade Normal 70 10044 Rest Psychic — —47 Low Sweep Fighting 65 10048 Round Normal 60 10052 Focus Blast Fighting 120 7053 Energy Ball Grass 90 10056 Fling Dark — 10057 Charge Beam Electric 50 9059 Brutal Swing Dark 60 10068 Giga Impact Normal 150 9073 Thunder Wave Electric — 9077 Psych Up Normal — —80 Rock Slide Rock 75 9084 Poison Jab Poison 80 10085 Dream Eater Psychic 100 10086 Grass Knot Grass — 10087 Swagger Normal — 8588 Sleep Talk Normal — —90 Substitute Normal — —91 Flash Cannon Steel 80 10092 Trick Room Psychic — —97 Dark Pulse Dark 80 100100 Confide Normal — —In other generations: 3 4 5 6Deoxys sprites Type Generation 3 Generation 4 Generation 5 Generation 6 Generation 7Normal—Shiny—See all Deoxys sprites Where to find Deoxys Ruby Sapphire Fire Red Leaf Green Trade/migrate from another game Emerald Birth Island Diamond Pearl Platinum Heart Gold Soul Silver Trade/migrate from another game Black White Black 2White 2Trade/migrate from another game XYOmega Ruby Alpha Sapphire Trade/migrate from another game Sun Moon Ultra Sun Ultra Moon Trade/migrate from another game Answers to Deoxys questions What is a good moveset for all the Deoxys forms? What's up with Deoxys and his triangles? How do you get Mew and Deoxys? Will there be another oppurtunity to catch Arceus? Tips for Psycho Boost? Do Dusk Balls work on Deoxys in ORAS? Deoxys is so special? Can you trade/migrate from Pokemon Ranger to the regular games? Can get a Deoxys in SS? View more questions on PokéBase »#385 Jirachi #387 Turtwig

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task deoxys in Pokemon generation 3 deoxys in pokemon ruby abilities of deoxys base stats of deoxys how to catch deoxys lore of deoxys pokemon moves learnt by deoxys can deoxys evolve origin of name deoxys technical machines compatible with deoxys

D409733

https://www.wayfaircareers.com/

.

Departments Home Open Roles Culture Students Veterans Resources Find Jobs Discover Your Home for an Exciting Career At Wayfair, we’re always looking for curious, analytical, and adaptable people to join our home team. Whether you work in one of our global offices, in one of our warehouses, or at our Boston headquarters, you’ll find a dynamic environment where learning and growth opportunities are abundant and hard work and results are rewarded. If you’re looking for a challenging and fulfilling career, make yourself at home. We are Wayfair Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video. Our Departments Analytics Category Management Creative/UXCustomer Service Customer Growth Engineering Finance Merchandising Operations Product Innovations Product Management Sales Supply Chain & Logistics Talent View Open Roles How We Do It We Hustle and Take Big Risks We move quickly and we’re not afraid to make mistakes. Here, smart risk-taking is encouraged—even if it fails—and every team member is empowered to tackle challenges in exciting and innovative ways. We Refuse to Settle We’re constantly developing, testing, and improving to make sure we’re delivering the best experience to our customers. We never settle because we believe there’s always an opportunity to do better. We Work Together We’re a community with a natural bias toward action and collaboration. We work openly and cross-functionally because it enables us to build relationships, figure things out, and win as a team. We Think Big We go above and beyond for our customers and we do that by approaching our work with a sense of wonder and imagination. Our Locations Massachusetts Boston is home to our corporate headquarters. How We Win Top Tech Company in Boston Built in Boston Employer of the Year – Retail Stevie Awards Fastest Growing Retailer Total Retail Top Places to Work Boston Globe Company of the Year Mass TLCInternet Retailer of the Year 2016Internet Retailer Excellence Awards Best Places To Work 2016Boston Business Journal Customer Service Department of the Year Stevie Award Hot 100 Most Innovative Retailers Internet Retailer America's Most Promising Company Forbes Hire Power Awards Inc. Let’s Get Social Stay up-to-date on everything Wayfair by following us on our social media accounts Home | Open Roles | Culture | Students | Veterans | Resources- Our Retail Brands -Copyright 2002-2017 by Wayfair LLC, 4 Copley Place, 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02116

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task job opportunities at Wayfair Wayfair company culture student programs at Wayfair Wayfair corporate headquarters location Wayfair departments Wayfair's approach to risk-taking achievements of Wayfair Wayfair's cross-functional work culture Wayfair's innovation in retail Wayfair's social media accounts Wayfair veteran programs

D588665

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulation_(object-oriented_programming)

Encapsulation (computer programming)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Encapsulation (object-oriented programming))navigation search In object oriented programming languages, encapsulation is used to refer to one of two related but distinct notions, and sometimes to the combination [1] [2] thereof: A language mechanism for restricting direct access to some of the object 's components. [3] [4]A language construct that facilitates the bundling of data with the methods (or other functions) operating on that data. [5] [6]Some programming language researchers and academics use the first meaning alone or in combination with the second as a distinguishing feature of object-oriented programming, while some programming languages that provide lexical closures view encapsulation as a feature of the language orthogonal to object orientation. The second definition is motivated by the fact that in many of the OOP languages hiding of components is not automatic or can be overridden; thus, information hiding is defined as a separate notion by those who prefer the second definition. The features of encapsulation are supported using classes in most object-oriented programming languages, although other alternatives also exist. Contents [ hide ]1 General definition2 An information-hiding mechanism3 Encapsulation and Inheritance4 References5 External links General definition [ edit]Encapsulation is one of the fundamentals of OOP ( object-oriented programming ). It refers to the bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data. [5] Encapsulation is used to hide the values or state of a structured data object inside a class, preventing unauthorized parties' direct access to them. Publicly accessible methods are generally provided in the class (so-called getters and setters) to access the values, and other client classes call these methods to retrieve and modify the values within the object. This mechanism is not unique to object-oriented programming. Implementations of abstract data types, e.g. modules, offer a similar form of encapsulation. This similarity stems from the fact that both notions rely on the same mathematical fundamental of an existential type. [7]An information-hiding mechanism [ edit]See also: Information hiding Encapsulation can be used to hide data members and members function. Under this definition, encapsulation means that the internal representation of an object is generally hidden from view outside of the object's definition. Typically, only the object's own methods can directly inspect or manipulate its fields. Some languages like Smalltalk and Ruby only allow access via object methods, but most others (e.g. C++, C#, Delphi or Java) offer the programmer a degree of control over what is hidden, typically via keywords like public and private. [4] ISO C++ standard refers to protected, private and public as " access specifiers " and that they do not "hide any information". Information hiding is accomplished by furnishing a compiled version of the source code that is interfaced via a header file. Hiding the internals of the object protects its integrity by preventing users from setting the internal data of the component into an invalid or inconsistent state. A supposed benefit of encapsulation is that it can reduce system complexity, and thus increase robustness, by allowing the developer to limit the inter-dependencies between software components [ citation needed]. Almost always, there is a way to override such protection – usually via reflection API (Ruby, Java, C#, etc. ), sometimes by mechanism like name mangling ( Python ), or special keyword usage like friend in C++. Below is an example in C# that shows how access to a data field can be restricted through the use of a private keyword:class Program {public class Account {private decimal account Balance = 500.00 m;public decimal Check Balance () {return account Balance;}}static void Main () {Account my Account = new Account ();decimal my Balance = my Account. Check Balance ();/* This Main method can check the balance via the public* "Check Balance" method provided by the "Account" class* but it cannot manipulate the value of "account Balance" */}}Below is an example in Java:public class Employee {private Big Decimal salary = new Big Decimal ( 50000.00 );public Big Decimal get Salary () {return salary;}public static void main () {Employee e = new Employee ();Big Decimal sal = e. get Salary ();}}Below is an example in PHP:class Account {/*** How much money is currently in the account* @var float*/private $account Balance;/*** @param float $current Account Balance Initialize account to this dollar amount*/public function __construct ( $current Account Balance) {$this -> account Balance = $current Account Balance;}/*** Add money to account* @param float $money Dollars to add to balance* @return void*/public function deposit ( $money) {$this -> account Balance += $money;}/*** Remove money from account* @param float $money Dollars to subtract from balance* @throws Exception* @return void*/public function withdraw ( $money) {if ( $this -> account Balance < $money) {throw new Exception ( 'Cannot withdraw $'. $money. ' from account as it contains $'. $this -> account Balance );}$this -> account Balance -= $money;}/*** Get current account balance, that takes all additions and subtractions into consideration. * @return float*/public function get Account Balance () {return $this -> account Balance;}}// Create a new object from the Account class with a starting balance of $500.00$my Account = new Account ( 500.00 );// We have clearly defined methods for adding and subtracting money from the Account// If we didn't have a method for withdraw (), nothing would prevent us from withdrawing more money than was available in the account$my Account -> deposit ( 10.24 );$my Account -> withdraw ( 4.45 );// Get the current balance$account Balance = $my Account -> get Account Balance ();echo 'My Account Balance: $'. $account Balance; // 505.79// Our code forbids us from withdrawing more than we have$my Account -> withdraw ( 600.00 ); // Exception Message: Cannot withdraw $600 from account as it contains $505.79Encapsulation is also possible in non-object-oriented languages. In C, for example, a structure can be declared in the public API (i.e., the header file) for a set of functions that operate on an item of data containing data members that are not accessible to clients of the API:// Header file "api.h"struct Entity; // Opaque structure with hidden members// API functions that operate on 'Entity' objectsextern struct Entity * open_entity ( int id );extern int process_entity ( struct Entity * info );extern void close_entity ( struct Entity * info );// extern keywords here are redundant, but they won't hurt.// extern keyword defines functions to have external linkage (i.e. can be called outside current file)// which is the default behavior even without the keyword extern Note on extern keyword from K. N. King. [8]Clients call the API functions to allocate, operate on, and deallocate objects of an opaque data type. The contents of this type are known and accessible only to the implementation of the API functions; clients cannot directly access its contents. The source code for these functions defines the actual contents of the structure:// Implementation file "api.c"# include "api.h"// Complete definition of the 'Entity' objectstruct Entity {int ent_id; // ID numberchar ent_name [ 20 ]; // Name... and other members ...};// API function implementationsstruct Entity * open_entity ( int id) { ... }int process_entity ( struct Entity * info) { ... }void close_entity ( struct Entity * info) { ... }Encapsulation and Inheritance [ edit]The authors of Design Patterns [9] discuss the tension between inheritance and encapsulation at length and state that in their experience, designers overuse inheritance. The danger is stated as follows: Because inheritance exposes a subclass to details of its parent's implementation, it's often said that "inheritance breaks encapsulation"— Gang of Four, Design Patterns [9] (Chapter 1)References [ edit]^ Scott, Michael Lee (2006). Programming language pragmatics (2 ed.). Morgan Kaufmann. p. 481. ISBN 0-12-633951-1. Encapsulation mechanisms enable the programmer to group data and the subroutines that operate on them together in one place, and to hide irrelevant details from the users of an abstraction.^ Dale, Nell B.; Weems, Chip (2007). Programming and problem solving with Java (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett. p. 396. ISBN 0-7637-3402-0.^ Mitchell, John C. (2003). Concepts in programming languages. Cambridge University Press. p. 522. ISBN 0-521-78098-5.^ a b Pierce, Benjamin (2002). Types and Programming Languages. MIT Press. p. 266. ISBN 0-262-16209-1.^ a b Rogers, Wm. Paul (18 May 2001). "Encapsulation is not information hiding". Java World.^ Connolly, Thomas M.; Begg, Carolyn E. (2005). "Ch. 25: Introduction to Object DMBS § Object-oriented concepts". Database systems: a practical approach to design, implementation, and management (4th ed.). Pearson Education. p. 814. ISBN 0-321-21025-5.^ Pierce 2002, § 24.2 Data Abstraction with Existentials^ King, Kim N. C programming: a modern approach. WW Norton & Company, 2008. Ch. 18, p. 464, ISBN 0393979504^ a b Gamma, Erich; Helm, Richard; Johnson, Ralph; Vlissides, John (1994). Design Patterns. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-63361-2. External links [ edit]SOA Patterns.org Categories: Object-oriented programming

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task principle of encapsulation in oop how does encapsulation work in oop difference between encapsulation and information hiding meaning of information hiding in programming control access in c++ using encapsulation use of private keyword in encapsulation benefits of using encapsulation in programming role of encapsulation in reducing system complexity purpose of providing getters and setters in a class examples of encapsulation in C# and Java

D2166873

https://www.buzzfeed.com/mathewguiver/the-ultimate-ranking-of-disney-horses

The Ultimate Ranking Of Animated Disney Horses

The Ultimate Ranking Of Animated Disney Horses Straight from the horse's mouth. Mathew Guiver27. Sitron and Kjekk ( Frozen)Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Sitron (left) was Prince Han's horse, and Kjekk (right) belonged to Princess Anna. Neither one had a large role in Frozen and they rank low on the list because as far as loyal horses go, neither score too well. Sitron let his owner fall into water in order to wave goodbye with his hoof. Kjekk on the other hand, gets spooked by a tree branch and straight-up abandons Anna in the wilderness.26. Abu as a Horse ( Aladdin)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Abu was a quality companion as a monkey and even as an elephant. However, he makes for a pretty shaky looking horse. Granted, he's only in horse form for a split second. He definitely looks like he needs a trip to the salon though, because that hair is a mess! Advertisement25. Shang's Horse ( Mulan)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Shang’s horse doesn't have a name and isn’t really all that important during the film. He probably wouldn’t be worth noting if not for the hidden Mickeys in his spots. Overall though, Shang’s horse isn’t very reliable. He gets scared at the burning village then disappears during the avalanche. Not necessarily qualities you'd look for in a steed.24. Philippe ( Beauty and the Beast)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin This may be a controversial statement, but I feel like Philippe was a pretty shitty excuse for a horse. Look at how useless he is with the wolves, literally hiding behind Belle! And honestly, the whole disaster could have been avoided if Philippe hadn’t abandoned Maurice in the woods after being spooked.23. The Zebras ( The Lion King)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin The zebras definitely aren't main characters in The Lion King, but I'm including them in the list because of the loyalty they show to Simba. You're probably also wondering whether or not zebras are horses? Well, technically they are a different species but are members of the same family (Equidae) and genus (Equus). I'm using the term "horse" rather loosely in this list, so yeah, the zebras make the cut.22. The Jousting Horses ( Sword in the Stone)Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link These guys charged head first towards each other, yet somehow managed to drop their riders and escape without injury. That shit takes skills, and look at the unicorn mask the white horse is wearing? Talk about knowing how to accessorize well!21. Gaston’s Horse ( Beauty and the Beast)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Not only is Gaston's horse gorgeous, but he's also strong and fearless. He isn't intimated by torches, glowing mirrors, or loud mobs. This horse led the charge to the castle, and looked great doing it! Advertisement20. The Unicorns ( Fantasia)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin The unicorns are among the characters in Fantasia's "Pastoral Symphony." All we see them do is frolic, hide, then sleep. But hey, look at how adorable they are!19. Prince Achmed’s Horse ( Aladdin)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Prince Achmed’s horse doesn't do much but he doesn't have to. Not only is he fabulously styled, but look at that dramatic reaction to Aladdin calling Achmed a horse's rear-end. So fierce!18. Buck and Patrick ( Home on the Range)Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Home on the Range isn't one of Disney's more popular films, but it does feature two pretty iconic horses. Patrick (right) is obedient, but unfortunately quite gullible. Buck (left) on the other hand, is hilarious, smart, and totally brave.17. Young Pegasus ( Fantasia)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin There's actually a whole Pegasus family in Fantasia, but Young Pegasus is the only one getting a mention on this list because of how cute he is trying to learn how to fly.16. The Prince’s Horse ( Snow White)Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Although he doesn't have a name or much of a personality, the Prince's horse was kind and gentle to Snow after she was awoken. He waited patiently while she kissed all of the dwarves good-bye, then carried Snow into the sunset. Advertisement15. Jaq and Gus Gus as Mice ( Cinderella)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin When she needed horses, Cinderella's fairy godmother immediately thought to turn the four mice chilling nearby (which included Jaq and Gus Gus) into horses. And I gotta tell you, her intuition was spot on! These guys are unwavering in their loyalty to Cinderella, both as mice and horses. 14. Destiny ( Enchanted)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin We don’t see a lot of Prince Edward’s horse Destiny in the movie, but what we do see definitely leaves us wanting more. Look at that gorgeous, and clearly well-maintained coat! Simply stunning.13. Captain ( 101 Dalmatians)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Captain the horse – along with his comrades Colonel the sheepdog and Sergeant Tibbs the cat – play a vital role in the rescue of the stolen puppies. Captain delivers a epic back kick that pretty much showed the villains who’s boss in that barn.12. Snowball and Achilles ( The Hunchback of Notre Dame)Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Neither Snowball (left) nor Achilles (right) have much of a role in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, and pretty much only exist to balance each other out. They rank well though on this list because both are super obedient. Look at how Achilles sits on command, no matter who's in the way!11. The Desert Horses ( Aladdin)Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link So beautiful, so free! These horses are living the life. Advertisement10. Bullseye ( Toy Story 2 and Toy Story 3)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Although he’s a toy horse, Bullseye acts like a loyal puppy. He’s affectionate, but a little too emotional for my taste, which is why he doesn't rank higher on this list.9. Major ( Cinderella)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Major may have been overlooked when it came to pulling Cinderella's carriage, but was later able to lead the group of palace horses after Cinderella and her prince were married. He's also hella smart. Just look at how he motions to Bruno when Cinderella needs help.8. Angus ( Brave)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Angus is Merida's faithful Scottish Shire horse. He's large, powerful, and is basically her best friend. Angus can be a little timid at times, but is easily coaxed by Merida.7. Prince Eric’s Horse ( The Little Mermaid)Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link We only get a few glimpses of this nameless horse, but what we do see is EPIC. Look at the way he tackles that jump. Talk about impressive! 6. Pegasus ( Hercules)Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Pegasus may not be the sharpest tool in the shed, but who cares? He can fucking fly! Unfortunately his bird brain has some consequences, like the fact that he can be easily distracted by long blonde hair and pink skin. What he's lacking in intelligence though, he makes up for with his bravery. Advertisement5. Samson ( Sleeping Beauty)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Samson pretty much set the stage for all of these other bitches to follow. Although he wasn't Disney's first animated horse, he was the first horse that portrayed the lovable but stubborn companion personality.4. Sven ( Frozen)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin OK, technically Sven is a reindeer. But since I made exceptions for zebras and unicorns, I couldn't not include Sven on this list. He's a loyal companion to Kristoff and pretty much behaves like a horse. More importantly though, he's got strong morals. He's frequently encouraging Kristoff to do the right thing, and that deserves some recognition!3. Khan ( Mulan)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Probably Disney's bravest horse. We see Khan run into an avalanche on his own free will in order to save his master. He's also got almost human like intelligence. Look at him literally rolling on the floor laughing!2. Frou-Frou ( The Aristocats)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin She's more than just a pretty steed. During the movie the cat-napper confesses his crime to Frou-Frou, which pretty much leads to the kittens being saved. This old girl definitely deserves a top spot on this list, if not for that fabulous flower hat alone. 1. Maximus ( Tangled)Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Share On pinterest Pin Share On email Email Share On copy Copy Link Disney Share On facebook Share Share On pinterest Pin Obviously. How could I not put Maximus in the number one spot? When it comes to Disney horses, Maximus is the clear winner. He's dedicated, fearless, and full of personality. Plus, he's even skilled with a sword. Promoted by

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task ranking of disney horses horses in disney movies animated disney horses role of horses in disney movies disney horses in Frozen Disney horses ranking varieties of disney horses horses in aladdin best horses in disney horses from disney films

D343021

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald

F. Scott Fitzgerald

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search"Scott Fitzgerald" and "Francis Fitzgerald" redirect here. For other people with these names, see Scott Fitzgerald (disambiguation) and Francis Fitzgerald (disambiguation). For F. Scott Fitzgerald's daughter, see Frances Scott Fitzgerald. F. Scott Fitzgerald Fitzgerald c. 1921, appearing in The World's Work ' s June 1921 issue Born Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald September 24, 1896 St. Paul, Minnesota, U. S. Died December 21, 1940 (aged 44) Hollywood, California, U. S. Resting place Saint Mary's Cemetery Rockville, Maryland Occupation Writer Period 1920–1940Spouse Zelda Sayre ( m. 1920)Children Frances Scott Fitzgerald Signature Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American writer, whose works illustrate the Jazz Age. While he achieved limited success in his lifetime, he is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the " Lost Generation " of the 1920s. He finished four novels: This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, The Great Gatsby, and Tender Is the Night. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Last Tycoon, was published posthumously. Fitzgerald also authored four collections of short stories, as well as 164 short stories in magazines during his lifetime. Contents1 Early life2 Zelda3 "The Jazz Age"4 Hollywood years5 Illness and death6 Legacy7 Bibliography7.1 Novels7.2 Novellas7.3 Short story collections7.4 Short stories7.5 Other works7.6 Cambridge Editions8 Film adaptations of works9 Biographies, collected letters10 Portrayals11 See also12 Notes13 References14 Further reading15 External links Early life [ edit]Born in 1896 in Saint Paul, Minnesota, to an upper-middle-class family, Fitzgerald was named after his famous second cousin, three times removed on his father's side, Francis Scott Key, [1] but was always known as plain Scott Fitzgerald. He was also named after his deceased sister, Louise Scott Fitzgerald, [2] one of two sisters who died shortly before his birth. "Well, three months before I was born," he wrote as an adult, "my mother lost her other two children ... I think I started then to be a writer." [3]His father, Edward Fitzgerald, was of Irish and English ancestry, and had moved to St. Paul from Maryland after the American Civil War, and was described as "a quiet gentlemanly man with beautiful Southern manners." [4] [5] [6] His mother was Mary "Molly" Mc Quillan Fitzgerald, the daughter of an Irish immigrant who had made his fortune in the wholesale grocery business. [4] [7] Edward Fitzgerald's first cousin once removed Mary Surratt was hanged in 1865 for conspiring to assassinate Abraham Lincoln. [8] [9] [10]Scott Fitzgerald spent the first decade of his childhood primarily in Buffalo, New York, occasionally in West Virginia (1898–1901 and 1903–1908) where his father worked for Procter & Gamble, [11] with a short interlude in Syracuse, New York, (between January 1901 and September 1903). [12] Edward Fitzgerald had earlier worked as a wicker furniture salesman; he joined Procter & Gamble when the business failed. [13] [14] His parents, both Catholic, sent Fitzgerald to two Catholic schools on the West Side of Buffalo, first Holy Angels Convent (1903–1904, now disused) and then Nardin Academy (1905–1908). His formative years in Buffalo revealed him to be a boy of unusual intelligence with a keen early interest in literature. His doting mother ensured that her son had all the advantages of an upper-middle-class upbringing. [15] Her inheritance and donations from an aunt allowed the family to live a comfortable lifestyle. [16] In a rather unconventional style of parenting, Fitzgerald attended Holy Angels with the peculiar arrangement that he go for only half a day—and was allowed to choose which half. [12]In 1908, his father was fired from Procter & Gamble, and the family returned to Minnesota, where Fitzgerald attended St. Paul Academy in St. Paul from 1908 to 1911. [11] When he was 13, he saw his first piece of writing appear in print—a detective story published in the school newspaper. [17] In 1911, when Fitzgerald was 15 years old, his parents sent him to the Newman School, a prestigious Catholic prep school in Hackensack, New Jersey. [18] Fitzgerald played on the 1912 Newman football team. [19] At Newman, he met Father Sigourney Fay, who noticed his incipient talent with the written word and encouraged him to pursue his literary ambitions. [14]After graduating from the Newman School in 1913, Fitzgerald decided to stay in New Jersey to continue his artistic development at Princeton University. He tried out for the college football team, but was cut the first day of practice. [19] He firmly dedicated himself at Princeton to honing his craft as a writer, and became friends with future critics and writers Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop. [20] He wrote for the Princeton Triangle Club, the Nassau Lit, [21] and the Princeton Tiger. He also was involved in the American Whig-Cliosophic Society, which ran the Nassau Lit. [22] His absorption in the Triangle—a kind of musical-comedy society—led to his submission of a novel to Charles Scribner's Sons where the editor praised the writing but ultimately rejected the book. [11] Four of the University's eating clubs sent him bids at midyear, and he chose the University Cottage Club (where Fitzgerald's desk and writing materials are still displayed in its library) known as "the 'Big Four' club that was most committed to the ideal of the fashionable gentleman." [20]Fitzgerald's writing pursuits at Princeton came at the expense of his coursework, however, causing him to be placed on academic probation, and in 1917 he dropped out of university to join the Army. During the winter of 1917, Fitzgerald was stationed at Fort Leavenworth and was a student of future United States President and General of the Army Dwight Eisenhower whom he intensely disliked. [23] Worried that he might die in the War with his literary dreams unfulfilled, Fitzgerald hastily wrote The Romantic Egotist in the weeks before reporting for duty—and, although Scribners rejected it, the reviewer noted his novel's originality and encouraged Fitzgerald to submit more work in the future. [11] [24]It was while attending Princeton that Fitzgerald met Chicago socialite and debutante Ginevra King on a visit back home in St. Paul. [25] Immediately infatuated with her, according to Mizner, Fitzgerald "remained devoted to Ginevra as long as she would allow him to," and wrote to her "daily the incoherent, expressive letters all young lovers write." [20] She would become his inspiration for the character of Isabelle Borgé, Amory Blaine 's first love in This Side of Paradise, [26] for Daisy in The Great Gatsby, and several other characters in his novels and short stories. [27]Zelda [ edit]Main article: Zelda Fitzgerald Zelda Sayre in 1917Fitzgerald was commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry and assigned to Camp Sheridan outside of Montgomery, Alabama. While at a country club, Fitzgerald met and fell in love with Zelda Sayre, a daughter of Alabama Supreme Court justice Anthony D. Sayre and the "golden girl", in Fitzgerald's terms, of Montgomery society. The war ended in 1918, before Fitzgerald was ever deployed. Upon his discharge he moved to New York City hoping to launch a career in advertising that would be lucrative enough to convince Zelda to marry him. He worked for the Barron Collier advertising agency, living in a single room at 200 Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood on Manhattan's west side. Zelda accepted his marriage proposal, but after some time and despite working at an advertising firm and writing short stories, he was unable to convince her that he would be able to support her, leading her to break off the engagement. Fitzgerald returned to his parents' house at 599 Summit Avenue, on Cathedral Hill, in St. Paul, to revise The Romantic Egotist, recast as This Side of Paradise, a semi-autobiographical account of Fitzgerald's undergraduate years at Princeton. [28] Fitzgerald was so short of money that he took up a job repairing car roofs. [24] [29] His revised novel was accepted by Scribner's in the fall of 1919 and was published on March 26, 1920 and became an instant success, selling 41,075 copies in the first year. [30] It launched Fitzgerald's career as a writer and provided a steady income suitable to Zelda's needs. They resumed their engagement and were married at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. Their daughter and only child, Frances Scott "Scottie" Fitzgerald, was born on October 26, 1921. "The Jazz Age" [ edit]Main article: Jazz Age F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1921Paris in the 1920s proved the most influential decade of Fitzgerald's development. Fitzgerald made several excursions to Europe, mostly Paris and the French Riviera, and became friends with many members of the American expatriate community in Paris, notably Ernest Hemingway. Fitzgerald's friendship with Hemingway was quite effusive, as many of Fitzgerald's relationships would prove to be. Hemingway did not get on well with Zelda, however, and in addition to describing her as "insane" in his memoir A Moveable Feast, [31] Hemingway claimed that Zelda "encouraged her husband to drink so as to distract Fitzgerald from his work on his novel," [31] [32] so he could work on the short stories he sold to magazines to help support their lifestyle. Like most professional authors at the time, Fitzgerald supplemented his income by writing short stories for such magazines as The Saturday Evening Post, Collier's Weekly, and Esquire, and sold his stories and novels to Hollywood studios. This "whoring," as Fitzgerald and, subsequently, Hemingway called these sales, [31] was a sore point in the two authors' friendship. Fitzgerald claimed that he would first write his stories in an 'authentic' manner, then rewrite them to put in the "twists that made them into salable magazine stories." [32]Fitzgerald wrote frequently for The Saturday Evening Post. This issue from May 1, 1920, containing the short story " Bernice Bobs Her Hair ," was the first with Fitzgerald's name on the cover. Although Fitzgerald's passion lay in writing novels, only his first novel sold well enough to support the opulent lifestyle that he and Zelda adopted as New York celebrities. ( The Great Gatsby, now considered to be his masterpiece, did not become popular until after Fitzgerald's death.) Because of this lifestyle, as well as the bills from Zelda's medical care when they came, Fitzgerald was constantly in financial trouble and often required loans from his literary agent, Harold Ober, and his editor at Scribner's, Maxwell Perkins. When Ober decided not to continue advancing money to Fitzgerald, the author severed ties with his longtime friend and agent. (Fitzgerald offered a good-hearted and apologetic tribute to this support in the late short story "Financing Finnegan. ")Fitzgerald began working on his fourth novel during the late 1920s but was sidetracked by financial difficulties that necessitated his writing commercial short stories, and by the schizophrenia that struck Zelda in 1930. Her emotional health remained fragile for the rest of her life. In February 1932, she was hospitalized at the Phipps Clinic at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, Maryland. [33] During this time, Fitzgerald rented the "La Paix" estate in the suburb of Towson, Maryland to work on his latest book, the story of the rise and fall of Dick Diver, a promising young psychiatrist who falls in love with and marries Nicole Warren, one of his patients. The book went through many versions, the first of which was to be a story of matricide. Some critics have seen the book as a thinly veiled autobiographical novel recounting Fitzgerald's problems with his wife, the corrosive effects of wealth and a decadent lifestyle, his own egoism and self-confidence, and his continuing alcoholism. Indeed, Fitzgerald was extremely protective of his "material" (i.e., their life together). When Zelda wrote and sent to Scribner's her own fictional version of their lives in Europe, Save Me the Waltz, Fitzgerald was angry and was able to make some changes prior to the novel's publication, and convince her doctors to keep her from writing any more about what he called his "material," which included their relationship. His book was finally published in 1934 as Tender Is the Night. Critics who had waited nine years for the followup to The Great Gatsby had mixed opinions about the novel. Most were thrown off by its three-part structure and many felt that Fitzgerald had not lived up to their expectations. [34] The novel did not sell well upon publication but, like the earlier Gatsby, the book's reputation has since risen significantly. [35] Fitzgerald's alcoholism and financial difficulties, in addition to Zelda's mental illness, made for difficult years in Baltimore. He was hospitalized nine times at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and his friend H. L. Mencken noted in a 1934 letter that "The case of F. Scott Fitzgerald has become distressing. He is boozing in a wild manner and has become a nuisance." [33]Hollywood years [ edit]In 1926, Fitzgerald was invited by producer John W. Considine, Jr., to temporarily relocate to Hollywood in order to write a flapper comedy for United Artists. Scott and Zelda moved into a studio-owned bungalow in January of the following year and Fitzgerald soon met and began an affair with Lois Moran. The starlet became a temporary muse for the author and he rewrote Rosemary Hoyt, one of the central characters in Tender is the Night, (who had been a male in earlier drafts) to closely mirror her. The trip exacerbated the couple's marital difficulties, and they left Hollywood after two months. [36] [37] In the ensuing years, Zelda became increasingly violent and emotionally distressed, and in 1936, Fitzgerald had her placed in the Highland Hospital in Asheville, North Carolina. [38]Although he reportedly found movie work degrading, Fitzgerald continued to struggle financially and entered into a lucrative exclusive deal with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1937, that necessitated him moving to Hollywood, where he earned his highest annual income up to that point: $29,757.87. [39] He also began a high-profile live-in affair with movie columnist Sheilah Graham. [40] The projects Fitzgerald worked on for the studio included a never filmed draft for Gone with the Wind, and revisions on Madame Curie, for which he received no credits. He also spent time during this period working on his fifth and final novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon, published posthumously as The Last Tycoon, based on film executive Irving Thalberg. In 1939, MGM terminated the contract, and Fitzgerald became a freelance screenwriter. [40] During his work on Winter Carnival, Fitzgerald went on an alcoholic binge and was treated by New York psychiatrist Richard H. Hoffmann. [41]From 1939 until his death in 1940, Fitzgerald mocked himself as a Hollywood hack through the character of Pat Hobby in a sequence of 17 short stories, later collected as " The Pat Hobby Stories ," which garnered many positive reviews. The Pat Hobby Stories were originally published in Esquire between January 1940 and July 1941, even after Fitzgerald's death. US Census records show his official address at this time to be the estate of Edward Everett Horton in Encino, California in the San Fernando Valley. Illness and death [ edit]Fitzgerald, an alcoholic since college, became notorious during the 1920s for his extraordinarily heavy drinking, undermining his health by the late 1930s. According to Zelda's biographer, Nancy Milford, Fitzgerald claimed that he had contracted tuberculosis, but Milford dismisses it as a pretext to cover his drinking problems. However, Fitzgerald scholar Matthew J. Bruccoli contends that Fitzgerald did in fact have recurring tuberculosis, and according to Nancy Milford, Fitzgerald biographer Arthur Mizener said that Fitzgerald suffered a mild attack of tuberculosis in 1919, and in 1929 he had "what proved to be a tubercular hemorrhage." Some have said that the writer's hemorrhage was caused by bleeding from esophageal varices. [ citation needed]Fitzgerald suffered two heart attacks in the late 1930s. After the first, in Schwab's Drug Store, he was ordered by his doctor to avoid strenuous exertion. He moved in with Sheilah Graham, who lived in Hollywood on North Hayworth Avenue, one block east of Fitzgerald's apartment on North Laurel Avenue. [40] Fitzgerald had two flights of stairs to climb to his apartment; Graham's was on the ground floor. On the night of December 20, 1940, Fitzgerald and Graham attended the premiere of This Thing Called Love starring Rosalind Russell and Melvyn Douglas. As the two were leaving the Pantages Theater, Fitzgerald experienced a dizzy spell and had trouble leaving the theater; upset, he said to Graham, "They think I am drunk, don't they?" [40]The following day, as Fitzgerald ate a candy bar and made notes in his newly arrived Princeton Alumni Weekly, [42] Graham saw him jump from his armchair, grab the mantelpiece, gasp, and fall to the floor. She ran to the manager of the building, Harry Culver, founder of Culver City. Upon entering the apartment to assist Fitzgerald, he stated, "I'm afraid he's dead." Fitzgerald had died of a heart attack at age 44. Dr. Clarence H. Nelson, Fitzgerald's physician, signed the death certificate. [43] Fitzgerald's body was moved to the Pierce Brothers Mortuary. [40]Zelda and Fitzgerald's grave in Rockville, Maryland, inscribed with the final sentence of The Great Gatsby Among the attendees at a visitation held at a funeral home was Dorothy Parker, who reportedly cried and murmured "the poor son-of-a-bitch," a line from Jay Gatsby 's funeral in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. [44] [45] [46] His body was transported to Maryland, where his funeral was attended by twenty or thirty people in Bethesda; among the attendees were his only child, Frances "Scottie" Fitzgerald Lanahan Smith (then age 19), and his editor, Maxwell Perkins. At the time of his death, the Roman Catholic Church declined the family's request that Fitzgerald, a non-practicing Catholic celebrated for his risqué and provocative Jazz Age writings, be buried in the family plot in the Catholic Saint Mary's Cemetery in Rockville, Maryland. Fitzgerald was originally buried in Rockville Union Cemetery. Zelda Fitzgerald died in 1948, in a fire at the Highland Mental Hospital in Asheville, North Carolina. In 1975, Scottie successfully petitioned to have the earlier decision revisited and her parents' remains were moved to the family plot in Saint Mary's. [47] [48]Fitzgerald died before he could complete The Last Tycoon. [49] [50] His manuscript, which included extensive notes for the unwritten part of the novel's story, was edited by his friend, the literary critic Edmund Wilson, and published in 1941 as The Last Tycoon. In 1994 the book was reissued under the original title The Love of The Last Tycoon, which is now agreed to have been Fitzgerald's preferred title. [51]In 2015, an editor of The Strand Magazine discovered and published for the first time an 8,000-word manuscript, dated July 1939, of a Fitzgerald short-story titled "Temperature." [52] Long thought lost, Fitzgerald's manuscript for the story was found in the rare books and manuscript archives at Princeton University, Fitzgerald's alma mater. [53] As described by Strand, "Temperature," set in Los Angeles, tells the story of the failure, illness and decline of a once successful writer and his life among Hollywood idols, while suffering lingering fevers and indulging in light-hearted romance. [52] The protagonist is a 31-year-old self-destructive, alcoholic named Emmet Monsen, whom Fitzgerald describes in his story as "notably photogenic, slender and darkly handsome." It tells of his personal relationships as his health declines with various doctors, personal assistants, and a Hollywood actress who is his lover. "As for that current dodge 'No reference to any living character is intended' — no use even trying that," Fitzgerald writes at the beginning of the story. [53] Fitzgerald bibliographies have previously listed the story, sometimes referred to as "The Women in the House," as "unpublished," or as "Lost – mentioned in correspondence, but no surviving transcript or manuscript." [53]Legacy [ edit]Fitzgerald's work has inspired writers ever since he was first published. [54] The publication of The Great Gatsby prompted T. S. Eliot to write, in a letter to Fitzgerald, "It seems to me to be the first step that American fiction has taken since Henry James ..." [55] Don Birnam, the protagonist of Charles Jackson 's The Lost Weekend, says to himself, referring to The Great Gatsby, "There's no such thing ... as a flawless novel. But if there is, this is it." [56] In letters written in the 1940s, J. D. Salinger expressed admiration of Fitzgerald's work, and his biographer Ian Hamilton wrote that Salinger even saw himself for some time as "Fitzgerald's successor." [57] Richard Yates, a writer often compared to Fitzgerald, called The Great Gatsby "the most nourishing novel [he] read ... a miracle of talent ... a triumph of technique." [58] It was written in a New York Times editorial after his death that Fitzgerald "was better than he knew, for in fact and in the literary sense he invented a generation ... He might have interpreted them and even guided them, as in their middle years they saw a different and nobler freedom threatened with destruction. "Into the 21st century, millions of copies of The Great Gatsby and his other works have been sold, and Gatsby, a constant best-seller, is required reading in many high school and college classes. [59]Fitzgerald is a 2009 inductee of the New Jersey Hall of Fame. [60] He is also the namesake of the Fitzgerald Theater in St. Paul, Minnesota, home of the radio broadcast of A Prairie Home Companion. Bibliography [ edit]For a complete list of works, see F. Scott Fitzgerald bibliography. Novels [ edit]This Side of Paradise (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1920)The Beautiful and Damned (New York: Scribners, 1922)The Great Gatsby (New York: Scribners, 1925)Tender Is the Night (New York: Scribners, 1934)The Last Tycoon (New York: Scribners, unfinished, published posthumously, 1941), reissued under the original title The Love of The Last Tycoon in 1993. Novellas [ edit]The Diamond as Big as the Ritz (1922) (in Tales of the Jazz Age)May Day (1922) (in Tales of the Jazz Age)The Rich Boy (1926) (in All the Sad Young Men)Short story collections [ edit]Flappers and Philosophers (New York: Scribners, 1920)Tales of the Jazz Age (New York: Scribners, 1922)All the Sad Young Men (New York: Scribners, 1926)Taps at Reveille (New York: Scribners, 1935)Afternoon of an Author (New York: Scribners, 1957)Babylon Revisited and Other Stories (New York: Scribners, 1960)The Pat Hobby Stories (Esquire Magazine, 1940–41)The Basil and Josephine Stories (New York: Scribners, 1973)The Price Was High: Fifty Uncollected Stories (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979)The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald (New York: Scribners, 1989)I'd Die For You. And Other Lost Stories, edited by: Anne Margaret Daniel (New York: Simon & Schuster, April 2017) [61] [62]Short stories [ edit]" Bernice Bobs Her Hair " (1920) (in Flappers and Philosophers)" Head and Shoulders " (1920) (in Flappers and Philosophers)" The Ice Palace " (1920) (in Flappers and Philosophers and Babylon Revisited and Other Stories)" The Offshore Pirate " (1920) (in Flappers and Philosophers)" The Curious Case of Benjamin Button " (1921) (in Tales of the Jazz Age)" Winter Dreams " (1922) (in All the Sad Young Men)" The Baby Party " (1925) (in All the Sad Young Men)" The Freshest Boy " (1928) (in Taps at Reveille)" The Bridal Party " (1930)" A New Leaf " (1931)" Babylon Revisited " (1931) (in Babylon Revisited and Other Stories)" Crazy Sunday " (1932) (in Babylon Revisited and Other Stories)Other works [ edit]The Vegetable, or From President to Postman – Play (New York: Scribners, 1923)The Crack-Up – Collection of essays, notebook excerpts, and letters (New York: New Directions, 1945)Cambridge Editions [ edit]Cambridge University Press has published the complete works of F. Scott Fitzgerald in authoritative annotated editions. The Cambridge Edition runs to fifteen volumes. [63]Cover of the first volume in the series Volume Title Date published ISBN1The Great Gatsby August 1991 978-0-521-40230-92The Last Tycoon: A Western December 1993 978-0-521-40231-63This Side of Paradise January 1996 978-0-521-40234-74Flappers and Philosophers December 1999 978-0-521-40236-15 Trimalchio: An Early Version of The Great Gatsby April 2000 978-0-521-40237-86Tales of the Jazz Age August 2002 978-0-521-40238-57 My Lost City: Personal Essays, 1920–1940 October 2005 978-0-521-40239-28All the Sad Young Men January 2007 978-0-521-40240-89The Beautiful and Damned June 2008 978-0-521-88366-510 The Lost Decade: Short Stories from Esquire, 1936–1941 September 2008 978-0-521-88530-011The Basil, Josephine, and Gwen Stories October 2009 978-0-521-76973-012 Spires and Gargoyles: Early Writings, 1909–1919 March 2010 978-0-521-76592-313Tender Is the Night May 2012 978-0-521-40232-314Taps at Reveille May 2014 978-0-521-76603-615A Change of Class June 2016 978-0-521-40235-4Film adaptations of works [ edit]Fitzgerald's works have been adapted into films many times. One of the earliest Fitzgerald short stories was adapted into a 1921 silent film The Off-Shore Pirate. His short story, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, was the basis for a 2008 film. Tender Is the Night was the subject of the eponymous 1962 film, and made into a television miniseries in 1985. The Beautiful and Damned was filmed in 1922 and 2010. The Great Gatsby has been the basis for numerous films of the same name, spanning nearly 90 years: 1926, 1949, 1974, 2000, and 2013 adaptations. Biographies, collected letters [ edit]The standard biographies of Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald are Arthur Mizener's The Far Side of Paradise (1951, 1965) and Matthew Bruccoli's Some Sort of Epic Grandeur (1981). Fitzgerald's letters have also been published in various editions such as Dear Scott, Dearest Zelda: The Love Letters of F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald, ed. Jackson R. Bryer and Cathy W. Banks (2002); Correspondence of F. Scott Fitzgerald, ed. Matthew Bruccoli and Margaret Duggan (1980), and F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Life in Letters, ed. Matthew Bruccoli (1994). A collection of F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald's scrapbooks of photographs and reviews was compiled by Bruccoli and F. Scott and Zelda's daughter Frances "Scottie" Fitzgerald (as Scottie Fitzgerald Smith) in a book The Romantic Egoists (1976). Portrayals [ edit]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)This section appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. (January 2017)This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2017)A musical about the lives of Fitzgerald and wife Zelda Fitzgerald was composed by Frank Wildhorn titled Waiting for the Moon, formerly known as Zelda, followed by Scott & Zelda: The Other Side Of Paradise. The musical shows their lives from when they first met, through Fitzgerald's career, their lives together (the good and bad), to both of their deaths. The musical made its world premiere at the Lenape Regional Performing Arts Center in a production that ran from July 20, 2005 through July 31, 2005. It starred Broadway veteran actors Jarrod Emick as Fitzgerald and Lauren Kennedy as Zelda. A reworked version of Wildhorn's musical, titled Zelda – An American Love Story, with a script and lyrics by Jack Murphy and currently in production at Flat Rock Playhouse, [64] will have its New York premiere in 2016, presented by Marymount Manhattan College, at the National Dance Institute. [65]The Japanese Takarazuka Revue has also created a musical adaptation of Fitzgerald's life. Titled The Last Party: S. Fitzgerald's Last Day, it was produced in 2004 and 2006. Yuhi Oozora and Yūga Yamato starred as Fitzgerald, while Zelda was played by Kanami Ayano and Rui Shijou. Fitzgerald was portrayed by the actor Malcolm Gets in the 1994 film Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle. [66]Others include the TV movies Zelda (1993, with Timothy Hutton ), F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood (1976, with Jason Miller ), and F. Scott Fitzgerald and 'The Last of the Belles' (1974, with Richard Chamberlain ). A film based on Fitzgerald and Zelda's relationship called The Beautiful and the Damned was announced for a 2011 release by director John Curran. The last years of Fitzgerald and his affair with Sheilah Graham, the Hollywood gossip columnist, was the theme of the movie Beloved Infidel (1959) based on Graham's 1958 memoir by the same name. [40] The film depicts Fitzgerald (played by Gregory Peck) during his final years as a Hollywood scenarist and his relationship with Ms. Graham (played by Deborah Kerr ), with whom he had a years-long affair, while his wife, Zelda, was institutionalized. Another film, Last Call (2002) ( Jeremy Irons plays Fitzgerald) describes the relationship of Fitzgerald and Frances Kroll Ring ( Neve Campbell) during his last two years of life. The film was based on the memoir of Frances Kroll Ring, titled Against the Current: As I Remember F. Scott Fitzgerald (1985), that records her experience as secretary to Fitzgerald for the last 20 months of his life. Actors portraying Fitzgerald, Pablo Picasso and Ernest Hemingway appear in the play Villa America by British playwright Crispin Whittell, which premiered at Williamstown Theatre Festival (2007). Tom Hiddleston and Alison Pill appear briefly as Fitzgerald and Zelda in Woody Allen 's 2011 feature film Midnight in Paris. Guy Pearce and Vanessa Kirby portray the couple in 2016's Genius. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald appear alongside Ernest Hemingway, Hadley Hemingway, Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound in the novel The Paris Wife by Paula Mc Lain. [67] The novel was adapted by Sheila Yeger for a 2011 BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour Drama. [68]Stewart O'Nan 's 2015 novel West of Sunset presents a detailed fictional account of Fitzgerald's final years as a Hollywood scriptwriter and his relationship with gossip columnist Sheilah Graham. Amazon Prime 's 2015 television series Z: The Beginning of Everything recounts Fitzgerald's relationship with Zelda, as well as his writing career. It stars David Hoflin as Fitzgerald and Christina Ricci as Zelda. See also [ edit]Biography portal 1920s portal Notes [ edit]^ Matthew Joseph Bruccoli and Scottie Fitzgerald Smith, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald, (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2002), p. 13.^ Jonathan Schiff, "Ashes to Ashes: Mourning and Social Difference in F. Scott Fitzgerald's Fiction", (Selingsgrove, PA: Susquehanna University Press, 2001), p.21^ F. Scott Fitzgerald, "Afternoon of an Author: A Selection of Uncollected Stories and Essays", (New York: Scribner, 1957), p.184.^ a b Mizner (1972), p. 5.^ "F. Scott Fitzgerald in the Marketplace". google.ca.^ "The Life and Times of F. Scott Fitzgerald". google.ca.^ "Creative Writing Tips From Masters: Francis Scott Fitzgerald – Writers House". Writers House. 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2016-06-06.^ Noted in many Fitzgerald biographies. Archived January 29, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.^ "Who was Mary Surratt?". History. Com. Retrieved February 6, 2016.^ Cline, Sally (2013). Zelda Fitzgerald: The Tragic, Meticulously Researched Biography of the Jazz Age's High Priestess. Skyhorse Publishing. Retrieved February 6, 2016.^ a b c d Liukkonen, Petri. "F. Scott Fitzgerald". Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from the original on 26 January 2010.^ a b " "F. Scott Fitzgerald in Buffalo, NY: 1898–1908" – Buffalo as an Architectural Museum". Buffaloah.com. Retrieved 2013-01-05.^ "Biography.com".^ a b "F. Scott Fitzgerald Centenary". library.sc.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-25.^ Matthew Joseph Bruccoli and Scottie Fitzgerald Smith, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald, (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2002), p. 14.^ "F. Scott Fitzgerald: Childhood". www.shmoop.com. Retrieved 2016-04-25.^ Fitzgerald, F. Scott (1960). Ellery Queen's 15th Mystery Annual, The Mystery of the Raymond Mortgage (1st ed.). New York: Random House.^ Idema, Henry (1990). Freud, Religion, and the Roaring Twenties: A Psychoanalytic Theory of Secularization in Three Novelists: Anderson, Hemingway, and Fitzgerald, page 202^ a b Kevin Helliker (24 October 2014). "The Football Genius of F. Scott Fitzgerald". WSJ.^ a b c Mizner (1972), p. 29.^ "Whig, Clio Were Once Rivals". The Daily Princetonian Special Class of 1971 Issue. 91 (72). June 15, 1967. p. 44. Retrieved June 4, 2014.^ "Over Three Hundred Freshmen Join Halls". The Daily Princetonian. 37 (93). October 15, 1913. pp. 1–2. Retrieved June 4, 2014.^ Korda, Michael (2007). IKE an American Hero. New York, NY 10022: Harper Collins Publishers. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-06-075665-9.^ a b "F. Scott Fitzgerald Biography – Facts, Birthday, Life Story". Biography.com. 1940-12-21. Retrieved 2013-01-05.^ Noden, Merrell. "Fitzgerald's first love". Princeton Alumni Weekly. November 5, 2003.^ Bruccoli, Matthew Joseph (2002), Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald (2nd rev. ed. ), Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, pp. 123–124, ISBN 1-57003-455-9^ Stepanov, Renata. "Family of Fitzgerald's lover donates correspondence". The Daily Princetonian. September 15, 2003.^ Pomerantz, Will. "This Side of Paradise" (PDF). History Theatre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2013-06-19.^ "Link to Zelda & F. Scott Fitzgerald Chronology Web Page". Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2012.^ Bruccoli, ed. by Matthew J. (1999). New essays on "The great Gatsby" (Repr. ed.). Cambridge [u.a. ]: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 0-521-31963-3.^ a b c Hemingway, Ernest – A Moveable Feast, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1964.^ a b Canterbury, E. Ray; Birch, Thomas. F. Scott Fitzgerald: Under the Influence. (St. Paul: Paragon House, 2006), p. 189^ a b Rudacille, Deborah (December 2009). "F. Scott Fitzgerald in Baltimore". Baltimore Style. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2014.^ Donaldson, Scott, ed. Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. Boston, MA: G. K. Hall, 1984^ Reader's companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender is the Night. MJ Bruccoli, J Baughman – 1996 – Univ of South Carolina^ Daniel, Anne Margaret. "The Fitzgeralds in Hollywood". The Times Literary Supplement. Retrieved 2015-11-28.^ "Chronology of the Life of Zelda Fitzgerald". Zeldafitzgerald.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-28. Retrieved 2015-11-28.^ Milford 1970, p. 308^ Fitzgerald, F. Scott (2012). The Great Gatsby. Great Britain: Alma Classics. p. 196.^ a b c d e f Graham, Sheilah. Beloved Infidel: The Education of a Woman, 1958 (with Gerold Frank).^ Robert Westbrook. Intimate Lies. Harper Collins 1995 pp 311–312.^ "PAW October 20, 2004: Features". princeton.edu.^ Matthew J. Bruccoli, Scottie Fitzgerald Smith. Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. University of South Carolina Press; Revised edition (August 1, 2002) p 489^ Mizener, Arthur. "The Big Binge" [ permanent dead link], Excerpt: "The Far Side of Paradise: A Biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald". Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1951. (pp. 362; c/o Time ), Monday, January 29, 1951,^ "Biography in Sound". Time, Monday, July 11, 1955.^ In a strange coincidence, the author Nathanael West, a friend and admirer of Fitzgerald, was killed along with his wife Eileen Mc Kenney in El Centro, California, while driving back to Los Angeles to attend Fitzgerald's funeral service.^ "History – Saint Mary's Catholic Church Rockville". google.com.^ Mc Donough, Megan (May 10, 2013). "Revisit Jazz Age history in Rockville at F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald's grave". The Washington Post.^ "Cornell University New Student Reading Project". The Reading Project, Cornell University. Retrieved February 25, 2013.^ "F Scott Fitzgerald". The Reading Project, Cornell University. Retrieved April 10, 2013.^ The Last Tycoon. 1941. Ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli, FS Fitzgerald – 1994 – Cambridge: Cambridge University^ a b The Strand Magazine, "Unpublished Story by F. Scott Fitzgerald" – "Temperature", New York, July–Sept 2015 Quarterly Issue (copyright – Eleanor Lanahan & Christopher T. Byrne, Trustees under agreement dated Jan. 25, 1975, created by Frances Scott Fitzgerald Smith – "Temperature", F. Scott Fitzgerald Papers, Manuscripts Division, Dept. of Rare Books & Special Collections, Princeton Univ. Library). [1] Retrieved 2015-08-03^ a b c Hillel Italie -"Long-lost Fitzgerald Story Finally Published", The Associated Press, Aug. 2, 2015. [2] Retrieved 2015-08-03^ The Golden Moment: The Novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald. MR Stern. 1970. University of Illinois Press.^ Fitzgerald, F. Scott. "The Crack-Up". A New Directions Book, edited by Edmund Wilson. New York, 1993, p. 310.^ Jackson, Charles. The Lost Weekend. London: Black Spring Press. 1994. p.136.^ Hamilton, Ian (1988), In Search of J. D. Salinger, New York: Random House, ISBN 0-394-53468-9 p. 53, 64.^ Yates, Richard. The New York Times Book Review. April 19, 1981.^ "Gatsby, 35 Years Later. The New York Times. April 24, 1960". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2013-01-05.^ New Jersey to Bon Jovi: You Give Us a Good Name [ dead link] Yahoo News, February 2, 2009^ Flood, Alison (7 September 2016). "F Scott Fitzgerald's last unpublished stories to be released in 2017". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 October 2016.^ "I'd Die For You And Other Lost Stories". Simon & Schuster. Retrieved 4 October 2016.^ "The Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald – Series – Academic and Professional Books – Cambridge University Press". Cambridge.org. Retrieved 2014-08-30.^ Zelda flatrockplayhouse.org^ Marymount Manhattan College, Department of Theatre Arts, "Current Season" – JANUARY/SPRING 2016, CELEBRATING FRANK WILDHORN: A Festival of Musicals. Retrieved 2016-01-01^ Internet Movie Database entry for Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle^ The Paris Wife by Paula Mc Lain^ This radio adaptation of The Paris Wife featured the actor Gerard Cooke as F. Scott Fitzgerald. References [ edit]Bruccoli, Matthew Joseph (ed.) (2000), F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby: A Literary Reference, New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, ISBN 0-7867-0996-0Bruccoli, Matthew Joseph (2002), Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald (2nd rev. ed. ), Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, ISBN 1-57003-455-9. Bryer, Jackson R.; Barks, Cathy W. (eds.) (2002), Dear Scott, Dearest Zelda: The Love Letters of F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald, New York: St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-26875-0 . Cline, Sally (2003), Zelda Fitzgerald: Her Voice in Paradise, New York: Arcade Publishing, ISBN 1-55970-688-0. Curnutt, Kirk (ed.) (2004), A Historical Guide to F. Scott Fitzgerald, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-515302-2Donaldson, Scott (1983), Fool for Love: F. Scott Fitzgerald, New York: Congdon and Weed, ISBN 0-312-92209-4Michaux, Agnes (2006), Zelda, Paris, France: Flammarion, ISBN 978-2-08-068777-7Milford, Nancy (1970), Zelda: A Biography, New York: Harper & Row. Mizener, Arthur (1951), The Far Side of Paradise: A Biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Mizener, Arthur (1972), Scott Fitzgerald and His World, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons (with 135 illustrations). Prigozy, Ruth (ed.) (2002), The Cambridge Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-62447-9Schiff, Jonathan (2001), Ashes to Ashes: Mourning and Social Difference in F. Scott Fitzgerald's Fiction, Selingsgrove, PA: Susquehanna University Press, ISBN 1-57591-046-2Turnbull, Andrew (1962), Scott Fitzgerald, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons Turnbull, Andrew (ed.) (1963), The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons Further reading [ edit]Glenday, Michael K. (2012), F. Scott Fitzgerald, London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-333-66900-6External links [ edit]Find more about F. Scott Fitzgerald at Wikipedia's sister projects Media from Wikimedia Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Data from Wikidata Bibliowiki has original media or text related to this article: F. Scott Fitzgerald (in the public domain in Canada)F. Scott Fitzgerald Papers at Princeton University F. Scott Fitzgerald Centenary pages —at the University of South Carolina Annotated Bibliography —at Scott-Fitzgerald.com Works by F. Scott Fitzgerald at Project Gutenberg Works by F. Scott Fitzgerald at Faded Page (Canada)Works by or about F. Scott Fitzgerald at Internet Archive Works by F. Scott Fitzgerald at Libri Vox (public domain audiobooks)Online catalog of F. Scott Fitzgerald's personal library, online at Library Thing"Writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald" from C-SPAN 's American Writers: A Journey Through History F. Scott Fitzgerald discussed in Conversations from Penn State interview F. Scott Fitzgerald in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopediav t e Works by F. Scott Fitzgerald Novels This Side of Paradise (1920) The Beautiful and Damned (1922) The Great Gatsby (1925)Tender Is the Night (1934) The Last Tycoon [ unfinished] (1941)Short story collections Flappers and Philosophers (1920)" The Offshore Pirate " " The Ice Palace " " Head and Shoulders "" The Cut-Glass Bowl " " Bernice Bobs Her Hair " " Benediction "Tales of the Jazz Age (1922)" May Day " The Diamond as Big as the Ritz" The Curious Case of Benjamin Button "All the Sad Young Men (1926)" The Rich Boy " " Winter Dreams " " The Baby Party " " Absolution "" The Adjuster "Taps at Reveille (1935)" The Freshest Boy " " First Blood " " Crazy Sunday "" Babylon Revisited "Posthumous works Babylon Revisited and Other Stories (1960)The Basil and Josephine Stories (1962) The Pat Hobby Stories (1973) The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald (1989)Plays The Vegetable, or From President to Postman (1923)Essay collections The Crack-Up (1945)Bibliography of F. Scott Fitzgeraldv t e The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Characters Jay Gatsby Nick Carraway Daisy Buchanan Films The Great Gatsby (1926) The Great Gatsby (1949) The Great Gatsby (1974) The Great Gatsby (2000) The Great Gatsby (2013)Other The Great Gatsby: Music from Baz Luhrmann's Film The Great Gatsby (opera) G Francis Cugat Authority control World Cat Identities VIAF: 100254195 LCCN: n79006871 ISNI: 0000 0001 2103 3942GND: 118533592 SELIBR: 186970 SUDOC: 02686598X BNF: cb11902848j (data)BIBSYS: 90054298 Music Brainz: b84a8ed3-a662-438a-9da2-dc5b08c4be22 NLA: 35087371NDL: 00439644 NKC: jn19981001164 ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\007695 BNE: XX868653SNAC: w6wq0417Categories: F. Scott Fitzgerald 1896 births 1940 deaths 20th-century American novelists Alcohol-related deaths in California American male novelists American people of Irish descent American people of English descent American psychological fiction writers 20th-century American short story writers Burials in Maryland Irish-American history American male short story writers American short story writers Modernist writers Writers from Saint Paul, Minnesota People with bipolar disorder Princeton University alumni20th-century American writers American military personnel of World War I Novelists from Minnesota

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D577674

http://us.battle.net/heroes/en/

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D572943

https://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-search/Blanchester_OH

Blanchester, OH Real Estate & Homes for Sale

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D2913950

http://www.goodhealthacademy.com/health-benefits/evening-primrose-oil-for-hair-loss/

Evening Primrose Oil for Hair Loss â All You Need To Know

Evening Primrose Oil for Hair Loss – All You Need To Know Bhagyalekshmi 3 years ago 6 Comments Hair loss has become common among people especially adults. This can affect the confidence and self esteem of a person. In some cases, hair loss can lead to anxiety and stress related disorders in people. The problem of hair loss can be dealt easily, if we take necessary steps. When it comes to treating your body, going natural is the best way. In this article, we will be discussing about one such natural remedy for preventing hair loss: by taking Evening Primrose Oil or EPO. Once you reach a particular age, hair loss is bound to happen and there is no way you can escape from that. It is assumed that at a normal rate a person loses about 50-100 hairs every day. Presence of bald patches and thin hair is an indication of hair loss. There are many ways through which we can limit hair loss. But in any remedial treatments, the first thing to understand is the real cause behind the problem. So let’s have a brief look on the major reasons why you are running out of hair! !Causes of Hair Loss Since there are different types of hair loss, finding the actual cause can be tricky at times. Hair loss due to breakage of hair shafts is different from hair loss due to reduced hair growth. There is a popular myth that hair loss occurs due to unhealthy diet, but it shouldn’t always be the reason. Sometimes this can happen due to the genetic makeup or because of aging process. Usually people around the age of 30-40 will suffer from thinning of hair leading to breakage, this can be due to hormonal deficiencies, emotional stress or in some cases pregnancy and menopause can also lead to unpredictable hair loss. Apart from that thyroid disease and anemia is found to cause hair loss. It is completely normal for people with such diseases to loss hair as their treatment involves special methods which can cause thinning of hair. Yet another treatment that can contribute to hair loss is chemotherapy for treating cancer. Another major reason for hair loss can be due to the over use of cosmetic products. The more artificial moisturisers or conditioners you use, the more damage it brings for the hair. They might give you the style and look, but in the long run they are not good for the health of hair. Now that we understood what causes hair loss, let’s see how we can deal with them and probably stop hair breakouts. Of course there many methods both artificial and natural. But just as we mentioned before, for any treatments that concerns our body, it is always safe to follow natural methods. Natural Remedies to Prevent Hair Loss Nowadays more and more people are realizing the amazing effects that massaging can provide. As massaging helps in improved circulation of blood through scalp and eventually strengthens the hair roots. Apart from that massaging can make you feel relaxed and take you away from stress related issues, which is another cause for hair loss. So now that we know the benefits of massaging, the next step is to find the correct type of oil. There are different types of oil rich in herbal values which can be used alone for massaging. While there are other equally effective carrier oils which works well in combination with other oils. Some of the oils best suited for massaging are – Coconut Oil, Olive Oil, Avocado Oil, Evening Primrose Oil etc. All these oils have their own specialities and that makes them favorite among many people. Here we will discuss in detail on the impacts of evening primrose oil on hair. Must Read : The Complete Guide To Using Avocado Oil For Your Hair Growth Evening Primrose Oil – Benefits and How to Use It Extracted from the evening primrose plants found mainly in parts of North America and Europe, it got this name since the flowers of this plant usually opens up on evening. The plant is found to be rich in medicinal values, hence it was used for treating bruises, stomachaches and other injuries since years ago. Evening Primrose oil has high quantity of fatty acid called GLA and it is their presence that contributes to the oil’s amazing healing feature. No other plant has such wonderful healing nature as evening primrose has. The presence of rich fatty acids in evening primrose helps to prevent the nails from cracking up. In addition to that they are also capable of nourishing the scalp thereby taking care of a variety of hair problems. Health Benefits of Evening Primrose Oil They are mainly used for the treatment of various sorts of skin conditions. Applying them can reduce the itchiness on skin caused by dermatitis and eczema. Apart from this, the rich content of GLA makes them a valuable a remedial treatment in healing. When consumed internally, our body will transform GLA into prostaglandins. They are in fact capable of regulating numerous body functions and inflammations. It is assumed that an adequate supply of evening primrose oil can reduce the joint pain and swelling. The presence of GLA in evening primrose oil play an important role in preventing nerve damages in people especially suffering from diabetes. They can also be used for the treatment of acne, as they may reduce the problems that can occur due to pores getting clogged. They are also found to increase the blood flow thereby leaving face a fresh look. Multiple sclerosis, a common nerve disorder that affects many people can be minimized by the use of evening primrose oil. The essential fatty acids present in the oil can reduce the inflammation associated with this nerve disorder. In this way, they are also found to be effective in the treatment of many memory related disorders including Alzheimer’s . The abundance of good fatty acids in evening primrose oil is also found to be powerful in preventing cracking of nails and thereby keeping them healthy. They are capable of nourishing the scalp, hence can be used in the treatment of a variety of hair problems. In this article we will be dealing in detail on how evening primrose oil prevents hair loss. How It Prevents Hair Loss? Many people who have used evening primrose oil has enjoyed the benefits of this nutrient rich oil by not only preventing hair loss but also gaining considerable amount of hair growth. The nutrients present in the oil is found to be great stimulants for hair growth. It is the presence of GLA (Gamma Linolenic Acid) that is found to be the reason behind it’s property of preventing hair loss. GLA is considered as one of the essential fatty acid which is necessary for the maintaining health development and growth. Even though over use of GLA can be harmful and lead to inflammations. The interesting fact about GLA is that they can be accessed only by means of diet or supplements. It is assumed that for positive results, they need to be applied on the hair in a routine basis. A minimum of 2 months of use is highly recommended. Though considered as a safe bet, evening primrose oil does show some side effects like headache or stomachache in some people. But these situations have usually happened when the oil is consumed in high dose. For people suffering from hair loss, multiple vitamins is what they need most and evening primrose oil can provide them this. For instance, if a women is losing more hair compared to their counterparts – men, it can be due to the exaggerated conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone at the hair follicle. Evening primrose oil is more than capable enough to act as an inhibitor for this conversion. So it’s like anybody with hair loss problems, evening primrose oil can be a good remedial measure. Now that we understood the properties behind evening primrose oil that makes them effective in preventing hair loss, let’s learn how to make the best use of their amazing benefits. How To Use Evening Primrose Oil? Evening Primrose oil is capable of penetrating deep into the layers of hair and work their way up from the hair roots. But care must be taken before applying them. Follow these simple steps to make sure you have a great experience trying evening primrose oil. The best and simplest method is to apply the oil directly into the scalp. Make sure you do this in a routine basis for at least a week. Once you apply the oil, wait for a specific period of time so that the oil will penetrate deep. Yet another effective method is usage of evening primrose oil in the form of capsules or pills. Now even if you miss 1 dose of evening primrose oil for a couple of days, there is nothing to worry as you can continue the intake of oil at optimum quantity. They are also found to be effective in dealing with dandruff’s and other related bacterial and fungal infections. The ideal dosage is around 500 mg twice a day. Hormonal imbalances can be prevented to a large extend by the consumption of primrose oil. The most important thing is to be patient and stay calm, as results might not show up quickly. It will definitely take some time. Side Effects of Evening Primrose Oil When compared to massive benefits of evening primrose oil, the side effects are minimal. Till now only minor side effects has been reported by people. Most of them being headache, stomachache, nausea etc. Even then optimum usage of oil will not lead to any sort of side effects. It is the consumption of overdose, that causes many problems like uterine contractions and hence not advised for pregnant women. Apart from that people suffering from blood related disorders are also not recommended to use evening primrose oil. Primrose Oil may increase the danger of excessive bleeding among people who take anticoagulants (aimed at reducing the ability of the blood to clot). They may also lead to the danger of seizures as well as nausea and vomiting in many people. Did you know? Everybody sheds between 40-150 strands of hair per day. Yet another major side effect of evening primrose oil is that at extreme cases they can lead to rapid growth of nails. The presence of fatty acids is what prevents the nails from breaking out thereby aiding the growth of nails at quick rate. Unlike all other herbal oils, evening primrose oil is not approved by FDA since it is considered as a herb dietary supplement and not like drugs. Hence before releasing them in the market , they are not made to undergo stringent tests. So care must be taken prior to using them for personal needs. Impacts of Evening Primrose Oil on Hair Apart from stopping hair loss, they are also capable of improving the overall texture and quality of hair. Some of them are :1) Hair Texture The presence of GLA and fatty acids prevents the hair from becoming excessively dry, particularly near hair shaft. Through this way hair texture is improved to a large extent.2) Hair Brittleness Adding evening primrose oil to your dietary supplement may improve the softness of hair by reducing the brittleness. So for people with dry hair, it is highly recommended to use evening primrose oil since they can improve the quality and texture of hair.3) Nourishment Hair growth depends upon the nutrient contents supplied to it. If proper nourishing is not done, hair may not be able to grow strong and beautiful. The presence of omega 6 fatty acids is what helps the hair to grow faster. They are also capable of maintaining the moisture level in hair.4) Hair Strengthening They are found to be so effective in preventing hair breakage, because applying oil directly into the scalp helps to improve the strength of hair. They are also capable of dealing with issues like hair thinning that happens mainly to pregnant women during menopause or people struggling with disease conditions like hypothyroidism.3 Popular Evening Primrose Oils, According to Reviews and Rating : NOW Foods Evening Primrose Oil 500 mg, 250 Softgels Source Naturals Evening Primrose Oil 500 mg, 90 Softgels Real Herbs Evening Primrose Oil 500 mg Supplement, 60 Softgels Conclusion In summary, Evening primrose oil is one of the easiest and effective ways to deal hair loss. If you take medication for blood related disorders, it is advised to consult a physician before using it. As overdose of evening primrose oil can lead to various sorts of side effects. So what are you waiting for? Try out evening primrose oil and enjoy the amazing benefits. Hope you have enjoyed reading our article. However, we would love to hear your suggestions and feedback on your experience with evening primrose oil. For more information or queries please feel free to contact us through the comment section. Facebook Related Posts How to Choose the Best Argan Oil for Hair – Argan Oil Reviews Bhagyalekshmi April 7, 2017The Truth About Using Carrot Oil for Hair and Skin Bhagyalekshmi September 23, 2015Black Seed Oil for Hair – Uses for Hair Loss & Greying of Hair Bhagyalekshmi February 28, 2017The Truth About Using Curry Leaves for Hair Growth Bhagyalekshmi August 14, 201515 Things You Should Know Before Using Hair Dyes Bhagyalekshmi July 20, 2015About The Author Bhagyalekshmi More from this Author A passionate writer focused on topics related to Health and Wellness. I have always wanted to write on issues that will influence people or things that will be useful for them. Now it’s fair enough to say that, I have fallen in love with this journey. The journey of writing! !

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task causes of hair loss natural methods to prevent hair breakage benefits of massaging scalp how does Evening Primrose Oil work the role of GLA in Evening Primrose Oil evening primrose oil for skin conditions effects of evening primrose oil on diabetes use of evening primrose oil in acne treatment how evening primrose oil helps nerve disorders how is evening primrose oil related to Alzheimer's treatment

D1850957

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/sceptre

sceptre

sceptre [ sep -ter]Spell Syllables Word Origin See more synonyms on Thesaurus.comnoun, verb (used with object), sceptred,sceptring. Chiefly British.1. scepter.scepter [ sep -ter]Spell Syllablesnoun1. a rod or wand borne in the hand as an emblem of regal or imperial power.2. royal or imperial power or authority; sovereignty.verb (used with object)3. to give a scepter to; invest with authority. Expand Also, especially British, sceptre. Origin of scepter Expand Middle English Old French Latin Greek1250-13001250-1300; Middle English ( s)ceptre < Old French < Latin scēptrum < Greek skêptron staff; akin to shaft Related forms Expandscepterless, adjectivesceptral [ sep -tr uh l] ( Show IPA ), adjectiveunsceptered, adjective Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018. Cite This Source Examples from the Web for sceptre Expand Historical Examples And since his son is of an age too tender to wield the sceptre, the boy's mother does it in his name. St. Martin's Summer Rafael Sabatini Who then should grasp the rich prize of the sceptre of France? Henry IV, Makers of History John S. C. Abbott In one hand Zeus held the sceptre, and in the other a winged Victory. Great Men and Famous Women, Vol. 8 (of 8)Various Had she, with her own hands, given her crown and sceptre to another? The Old Countess; or, The Two Proposals Ann S. Stephens The sceptre must pass into other hands even more feeble than his. The Rise of the Hugenots, Vol. 1 (of 2)Henry Martyn Baird But now the sceptre seemed torn from his hand—he was a king no more. Olive Dinah Maria Craik, (AKA Dinah Maria Mulock)The sceptre of Solomon was paraded throughout the camp in solemn procession. Alroy Benjamin Disraeli Gain the sceptre of Solomon, and I will agree to be your subject. Alroy Benjamin Disraeli Fly on, great Time, and on thy coming wings bear me my sceptre!Alroy Benjamin Disraeli Only think of David, a mere child, our David with the sceptre of Solomon!Alroy Benjamin Disraeli British Dictionary definitions for sceptre Expandsceptre/ ˈsɛptə /noun1. a ceremonial staff held by a monarch as the symbol of authority2. imperial authority; sovereigntyverb3. ( transitive) to invest with authority Derived Formssceptred, ( US) sceptered, adjective Word Origin C13: from Old French sceptre, from Latin scēptrum, from Greek skeptron staff Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © Harper Collins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Cite This Source Word Origin and History for sceptre Expandchiefly British English spelling of scepter (q.v. ); for spelling, see -re. Related: Sceptred.sceptern.c.1300, ceptre, from Old French sceptre (12c. ), from Latin sceptrum "royal staff," from Greek skeptron "staff to lean on; royal scepter;" in transferred use, "royalty," from root of skeptein "to prop or stay, lean on." Apparently a cognate with Old English sceaft (see shaft (n.1)). The verb meaning "to furnish with a scepter" is from 1520s. Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper Cite This Source Discover our greatest slideshows Six words that can ruin your...10 Of The Saddest Words (Or... The Oldest Words In The English...10 Words That Will Show Your Age Browse more topics on our blog What Is the Difference Between Discreet and Discrete? Learn the correct uses of these two commonly confused homophones. What Character Was Removed from the Alphabet? What mistaken pronunciation gave this character its name? Apostrophes 101This small mark has two primary uses: to signify possession or omitted letters. How Do I Get a Word into the Dictionary? People invent new words all the time, but which ones actually make it?

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D1539601

http://www.ticketmaster.com/Gabriel-Iglesias-tickets/artist/853206

Gabriel Iglesias Tickets

All Tickets > Arts & Theater Tickets > Comedy > Gabriel Iglesias Comedy Gabriel Iglesias Tickets Get Ticket Alerts Tweet Gabriel Iglesias Tickets and Event Dates Show events near me: View: Date Location Event Details Find Tickets United States Of America (1 - 10 of 21)Date Location Event Details Find Tickets Nov4Sat Hershey Theatre Hershey, PA 06:00 PM Add to Calendar Gabriel Iglesias - Fluffy Mania See Tickets Nov4Sat Hershey Theatre Hershey, PA 09:00 PM Add to Calendar Gabriel Iglesias - Fluffy Mania See Tickets Nov5Sun Hershey Theatre Hershey, PA 06:00 PM Add to Calendar Gabriel Iglesias - Fluffy Mania See Tickets Nov9Thu Embassy Theatre Fort Wayne, IN 08:00 PM Add to Calendar Gabriel Iglesias See Tickets Nov10Fri Embassy Theatre Fort Wayne, IN 08:00 PM Add to Calendar Gabriel Iglesias See Tickets Nov11Sat Masonic Temple Detroit, MI 07:00 PM Add to Calendar Gabriel Iglesias: Fluffy Mania See Tickets Nov18Sat Reno Events Center Reno, NV 08:00 PM Add to Calendar Gabriel Iglesias See Tickets Nov24Fri State Farm Arena Hidalgo, TX 08:00 PM Add to Calendar Gabriel "fluffy" Iglesias See Tickets Nov25Sat State Farm Arena Hidalgo, TX 08:00 PM Add to Calendar Gabriel "fluffy" Iglesias See Tickets Dec1Fri James L Knight Center Miami, FL 08:00 PM Add to Calendar Gabriel Iglesias: Fluffy Mania See Tickets Date Location Event Details Find Tickets Results: 1 - 10 of 21Gabriel Iglesias is rated 4.8 out of 5 by 10479 . Gabriel Iglesias Reviews - page 2Show Details GABRIEL IGLESIAS LIVE: Beloved Mexican-American comedian Gabriel Iglesias is a man of many talents, and he employs them all in his uproarious stand-up act. In addition to being a gifted storyteller Iglesius is a master of funny voices and absurd sound effects, and his unexpected noises never fail to have audiences in stitches at his live shows. Whether he's poking fun at his obesity by calling himself "Fluffy" or telling hilarious anecdotes about his high school reunion, Iglesias is a lighthearted performer who always brings the laughs on his acclaimed tours. BACKGROUND SNAPSHOT: San Diego-born Gabriel Iglesias grew up all over southern California... See More Fans Also Bought Carrot Top Carlos Mencia Jeff Foxworthy Cheech & Chong Howie Mandel Mariachi Sol De Mexico Whitney Cummings Brad Garrett Bobby Collins Sinbad Jeff Dunham Jim Breuer

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D341326

http://www.weather-months.com/may/uk/scotland-in-may.html

Map of average weather maximum temperature for May in Scotland

Map of average weather maximum temperature for May in Scotland Scotland 13C11 11 11 12 12 1211 11 11 12 12 12 1211 11 11 13 13 13 1312 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 1413 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 1413 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 15 15 1514 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 16 16 15 1514 14 14 14 14 15 16 17 17 17 17 1615 15 16 16 16 16 16 16January1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30 31February1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 28March1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30 31April1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30May1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30 31June1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30July1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30 31August1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30 31September1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30October1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30 31November1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30December1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20 2122 23 24 25 26 27 2829 30 31In Scotland in may, the weather's temperature usually reaches 13-16C in the afternoons, depending on the area of Scotland. Being further north than the rest of the UK, Scotand is a few degrees cooler, and in may, the west coast and islands are even cooler again. Urban areas of southern Scotland such as Edinburgh and Glasgow are milder, and the further west and north you go, the cooler the temperature is. The north and west are cooled by the influence of the nearby Atlantic Ocean, which is only 9-12C in may off the coast of Scotland. The western isles are particuarly cool in may with afternoon temperatures of 10-12C being frequent. The western areas of scotland are wetter throughout the year, with some mountainous western coasts receiving as much as three times the rainfall of Aberdeen or Edinburgh. Frost will occur in the highlands and the far north of Scotland during may, especially if the wind direction is from the north or north-west. An occassional frost is also likely further south to the Edinburgh or Glasgow areas too. During the day in may, it's best to wear a few layers, although there could be a few sunny days on the Scottish mainland, where a t-shirt would be ok. Evenings are generally cold in may, requiring a coat outside. Daylight hours are very long in Scotland in May. In the far north and west of Scotland, some of the sky will still be light until as late as 10.30pm on clear evenings.

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task avg temperature in Scotland in May West Scotland weather in May May weather in Edinburgh rainfall in Scotland in May how cold can Scotland get in May daylight hours in Scotland during May Scotland daily temp variations in May clothes to pack for Scotland in May daylight in Scotland in May average afternoon temperatures in Scotland in May

D542555

http://www.courts.ca.gov/7318.htm

California Judicial Branch

California Judicial Branch Print California Government's Three Co-Equal Branches In California, as in the federal government, the power to govern is divided among three equal branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. The executive branch of government executes the laws enacted by the Legislature. Supreme executive power of the State of California is vested in the Governor. The Governor has authority not only to appoint positions throughout the executive branch, but also to make judicial appointments subject to the Legislature's approval. The legislative branch of government is the State's law-making authority. The California State Legislature is made up of two houses: the Senate and the Assembly. There are 40 Senators and 80 Assembly members representing the people of the State of California. The judicial branch of government is charged with interpreting the laws of the State of California. It provides for the orderly settlement of disputes between parties in controversy, determines the guilt or innocence of those accused of violating laws, and protects the rights of individuals. The California court system, the nation's largest, serves over 39 million people with more than 2,000 judicial officers and 18,000 court employees. The head of the judicial branch is the Chief Justice of California. The Courts California Supreme Court Courts of Appeal Superior Courts Branch Administration and Policy Judicial Council of California Branch Agencies Commission on Judicial Appointments Commission on Judicial Performance Habeas Corpus Resource Center State Bar of California State Bar of California Commission on Judicial Nominees Additional Information Fact Sheets Reference Materials

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D813070

https://www.thoughtco.com/wwi-timeline-1779202

World War I Timeline From 1914 to 1919

Humanities ›History & Culture World War I Timeline From 1914 to 1919Share Flipboard Email Printby Jennifer Rosenberg Updated November 22, 2017World War I was sparked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 and ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Find out what happened in between these momentous events in this World War I timeline.01of 061914De Agostini / Biblioteca Ambrosiana/Getty Images Although World War I began in 1914, much of Europe had been roiled by political and ethnic conflict for years before. A series of alliances among the leading nations committed them to each other's defense. Meanwhile, regional powers like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were teetering on the brink of collapse. Against this backdrop, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austria-Hungary's throne, and his wife, Sophie, were assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip on June 28 while the couple was visiting Sarajevo. That same day, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. By Aug. 6, the U. K., France, Germany, Russia, and Serbia were at war. U. S. President Woodrow Wilson announced the U. S. would remain neutral. Germany invaded Belgium on Aug. 4 with the intent of attacking France. They made swift progress until the first week of September when the German advance was stopped by French and British troops at the First Battle of the Marne. Both sides began digging in and fortifying their positions, the start of trench warfare. Despite the slaughter, a one-day Christmas truce was declared on Dec. 24.02of 061915Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images In response to a North Sea military blockade that Britain imposed the previous November, on Feb 4. Germany declared a war zone in the waters around the U. K., beginning a campaign of submarine warfare. This would lead to the May 7 sinking of the British ocean liner Lusitania by a German U-boat. Stymied in Europe, Allied forces tried to gain momentum by attacking the Ottoman Empire twice where the Sea of Marmara meets the Aegean Sea. Both the Dardanelles Campaign in February and the Battle of Gallipoli in April proved costly failures. On April 22, the Second Battle of Ypres began. It is during this battle that the Germans first used poison gas. Soon, both sides were engaged in chemical warfare, using chlorine, mustard, and phosgene gasses that injured more than 1 million men by war's end. Russia, meanwhile, was fighting not just on the battlefield but at home as the government of Tsar Nicholas II faced the threat of internal revolution. That fall, the tsar would take personal control over Russia's army in a last-ditch attempt to shore up his military and domestic power.03of 061916Heritage Images / Getty Images By 1916, the two sides were largely stalemated, fortified in mile after mile of trenches. On Feb. 21, German troops launched an offensive that would become the longest and bloodiest of the war. The Battle of Verdun would drag on until December with little in the way of territorial gains on either side. Between 700,000 and 900,000 men died on both sides. Undeterred, British and French troops launched their own offensive in July at the Battle of the Somme. Like Verdun, it would prove a costly campaign for all involved. On July 1 alone, the first day of the campaign, the British lost more than 50,000 troops. In another military first, the Somme conflict also saw the first use of armored tanks in battle. At sea, the German and British navies met in the first and largest naval battle of the war on May 31. The two sides fought to a draw, with Britain enduring the most casualties.04of 061917Heritage Images / Getty Images Although the U. S. was still officially neutral at the start of 1917, that would soon change. In late January, British intelligence officers intercepted the Zimmerman Telegram, a German communique to Mexican officials. In the telegram, Germany tried to entice Mexico into attacking the U. S., offering Texas and other states in return. When the contents of the telegram were revealed, U. S. President Woodrow Wilson broke off diplomatic relations with Germany in early February. On April 6, at Wilson's urging, Congress declared war on Germany, and the U. S. officially entered World War I. On Dec. 7, Congress would also declare war against Austria-Hungary. However, it wouldn't be until the following year that U. S. troops began arriving in numbers large enough to make a difference in the battle. In Russia, roiled by domestic revolution, Tsar Nicholas II abdicated on March 15. He and his family would eventually be arrested, detained, and murdered by revolutionaries. That fall, on Nov. 7, the Bolsheviks successfully overthrew the Russian government and quickly withdrew from World War I hostilities.05of 061918Heritage Images / Getty Images The United States' entry into World War I proved to be the turning point in 1918. But the first few months didn't seem so promising for Allied troops. With the withdrawal of Russian forces, Germany was able to reinforce the western front and launch an offensive in mid-March. This final German assault would reach its zenith with the Second Battle of the Marne on July 15. Although they inflicted substantial casualties, the Germans could not muster the strength to combat the reinforced Allied troops. A counteroffensive led by the U. S. in August would spell the end of Germany. By November, with morale at home collapsing and troops in retreat, Germany collapsed. On Nov. 9, German Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated and fled the country. Two days later, Germany signed the armistice at Compiegne, France. Fighting ended on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. In later years, the date would be commemorated in the U. S. first as Armistice Day, and later as Veterans Day. All told, some 11 million military personnel and 7 million civilians died in the conflict.06of 06Aftermath: 1919Bettmann Archive / Getty Images Following the conclusion of hostilities, the warring factions met at the Palace of Versailles near Paris in 1919 to formally end the war. A confirmed isolationist at the beginning of the war, President Woodrow Wilson had by now become an ardent champion of internationalism. Guided by his 14 Points statement issued the previous year, Wilson and his allies sought a lasting peace enforced by what he called the League of Nations, a forerunner to the United Nations of today. He made the league's establishment a priority of the Paris Peace Conference. The Treaty of Versailles, signed on July 25, 1919, imposed strict penalties on Germany and forced it to accept full responsibility for the starting the war. The nation was not only forced to demilitarize but also cede territory to France and Poland and pay billions in reparations. Similar penalties were also imposed on Austria-Hungary in separate negotiations. Ironically, the U. S. was not a member of the League of Nations; participation was rejected by the Senate. Instead, the U. S. embraced a policy of isolationism that would dominate foreign policy in the 1920s. The harsh penalties imposed on Germany, meanwhile, would later give rise to radical political movements in that nation, including Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party.cite

#### Query Generation from Webtext Task events leading to WWI Europe's political conflict before WWI role of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in WWI significance of Treaty of Versailles impact of assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand influence of alliances in WWI role of U. S. in WWI major battles in World War I use of poison gas in WWI impact of WWI on Russia's internal politics casualties of WWI how did WWI end consequences of WWI