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Jersey City is a city in Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is just across the Hudson River from New York City. County seats in New Jersey
San Jose (officially San José) is a city in Santa Clara County, California in the United States. It is the third biggest city in California, after Los Angeles and San Diego. It is the tenth biggest city in the United States. It is south of San Francisco. The city has nearly 2,000,000 people. It has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb in the Koeppen climate classification). By the 1990s, San Jose and the rest of Silicon Valley had become the global center for high tech and internet industries, making it California's fastest-growing economy. References Other websites City of San Jose Web site County seats in California
Venus, Texas is a town in the United States. Around 2,960 people lived there (about 1,981 males and 979 females) in 2010. References Cities in Texas
Evergreen, Colorado is a community in the United States, about 30 miles from Denver, Colorado. The historic section of Evergreen has a charming strip of small shops and restaurants. Before the town became a hot spot for outdoor recreations, the town used to be a hunting ground for the Ute Indians. By 1860 settlers had converted the land to farms and ranches and the people created an economy based on lumber trade. Eventually, Evergreen became known for its proximity to nature and scenic landscape. It was a popular getaway for celebrities of Old Hollywood including Greta Garbo and Teddy Roosevelt. References Cities in Colorado
Queens is a borough of New York City and a county of New York State. It was named for Catherine of Braganza, the Queen of England and wife of King Charles II of England. Geography About 2.6 million people live in Queens and it is the largest borough of New York City in size and second in population. According to the United States census, Queens is the most ethnically diverse county in the USA. That means that it has the most people from different kinds of places, religions, and ethnic groups of any place in the USA. Large parts of Queens are urban and an equal part is suburban. Until 1899 Nassau County, New York was part of Queens County. Transportation Queens is home to both of New York City's airports, LaGuardia Airport (LGA) and John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK). Queens is connected to the Bronx by three bridges: the Bronx Whitestone Bridge, the Throgs Neck Bridge and the Triborough Bridge. It is connected to Manhattan by two bridges and one tunnel: the Triborough Bridge, the Queensboro Bridge, and the Queens Midtown Tunnel. Many controlled-access highways cross Queens, including I-495 (the Long Island Expressway), I-278 (the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway), and I-678 (the Van Wyck Expressway, pronounced Van Wike). Important state highways in Queens include the Grand Central Parkway, which becomes the Northern State Parkway when it crosses the Queens border into Nassau County. Many New York City Subway lines go through Queens. The most famous is the Flushing Line, the 7 Train, which has the nickname "International Express" because it goes through many neighborhoods where many immigrants live. Other subway lines in Queens include the A Train, C Train, E Train, F Train, G Train, J Train, M Train, N Train, R Train, V Train, W Train, and Z Train. Queens has a very large bus system that goes to all parts of the borough. Some bus routes go to Brooklyn, Manhattan, or the Bronx. The Long Island Rail Road also has many stations in Queens. The Port Washington Line crosses northern Queens. There are busy stations at Woodside, Queens, Forest Hills, and Flushing. The central depot and main station for the railroad is in the neighborhood of Jamaica. Sport & Recreation The New York Mets of the National League of Major League Baseball play in Citi Field in Queens. The U.S. Open, a famous and important tennis tournament, is played in Arthur Ashe Stadium in Flushing Meadows Park south of the baseball stadium. Neighborhoods Queens has dozens of neighborhoods and named areas. These include: Addisleigh Park Arverne Astoria Auburndale Baisley Park Bay Terrace Bayside Bayswater Beechhurst Bellaire Belle Harbor Bellerose Blissville Breezy Point Briarwood Broad Channel Cambria Heights College Point Corona Ditmars / Steinway Douglaston Dutch Kills Edgemere Elmhurst Far Rockaway Floral Park Flushing Forest Hills Gardens Forest Hills Fresh Meadows Glen Oaks Glendale Hamilton Beach Hillcrest Hollis Hills Hollis Holliswood Howard Beach Howard Park Hunters Point Jackson Heights Jamaica Jamaica Estates Kew Gardens Hills Kew Gardens Laurelton Linden Hill Lindenwood Long Island City Little Neck Malba Maspeth Middle Village Morris Park Murray Hill Neponsit New Hyde Park Oakland Gardens Ozone Park Pomonok Queens Village Queensboro Hill Queensbridge Ravenswood Rego Park Richmond Hill Ridgewood Rochdale Rockaway Beach Rockaway Park Rockaway Point Rosedale Saint Albans Seaside South Jamaica South Ozone Park Springfield Gardens Sunnyside Utopia Whitestone Willets Point Woodhaven Woodside Other websites County seats in New York
Toller Cranston (April 20, 1949 – January 24, 2015) was a Canadian figure skater. Early life and career Cranston was born in Hamilton, Ontario. He grew up in Kirkland Lake, Ontario. He was Canadian champion six times, and, despite never coming higher than third at a world championship, he came first in the free skate four times. He was well-respected for his artistic ability, and is recognized as someone who brought a new level of artistry to men's figure skating. Professional career He skated as a professional for many years, choreographed (designed movement patterns for) skating routines, and was a commentator (talked about events) on T.V. during skating events. Many people don't realize that Toller was also an extremely successful and talented fine art painter. He funded his career off the sale of his artworks, and continued to paint ferociously until the end of his days. Retirement and death After his retirement, Cranston lived in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico. He was found dead at his home in San Miguel de Allende on the morning of January 24, 2015. He was 65 years old. His cause of death was later said to be a heart attack. Amateur competitions World Championships: third in 1974 Olympics: bronze medal in 1976 Canadian Championships: first in 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, and 1976 References Other websites Toller Cranston official site 1949 births 2015 deaths Bisexual people Canadian figure skaters Canadian LGBT people Canadian Olympic bronze medalists Canadian painters Deaths from myocardial infarction LGBT choreographers LGBT Olympians People from Hamilton Sportspeople from Ontario
The Montreal Canadiens are an ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). Their nickname is the "Habs" (short for the French "Habitants", early settlers in Quebec from France). They have won the Stanley Cup championship 24 times, more than any other team. History The Canadiens (who use the French spelling of "Canadian") were formed in 1909, as part of the National Hockey Association. Early games They won their first Stanley Cup in 1916, with star players such as Edouard "Newsy" Lalonde and goaltender Georges Vezina. The Canadiens joined the NHL in 1917; Canadien Joe Malone won the first NHL scoring title (Art Ross Trophy). They won the Cup again in 1924, with players such as Billy Boucher. Howie Morenz was a big star in the early years of the NHL. He was a great skater. Morenz won the Hart Trophy, as the league's top player, three times. Goalie George Hainsworth played at the same time, and along with others such as Aurel Joliat, they won the Stanley Cup in 1930 and 1931. It took 13 years before they won the Cup again. A young Maurice "The Rocket" Richard, star goalie Bill Durnan,Hector "Toe" Blake, and Elmer Lach led the Canadiens to the cup again in 1944, as well as 1946. Richard scored 50 goals in a 50-game season in 1944-45. No one did that again for 36 years. He led the NHL in goals five times. Later games The Canadiens became a very powerful team in the 1950s. Led by legendary center Jean Beliveau, Doug Harvey (who won seven Norris Trophies as best defence, six on Montreal), Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion, Dickie Moore, Jacques Plante (who won seven Vezina Trophies for goalies), and Richard (along with his younger brother, Henri, the "Pocket Rocket"), the team won the Cup in 1953, and five times in a row, 1956 through 1960. They won again in 1965, 1966, 1968, and 1969. New members New players led the team in the 1970s: Guy Lafleur, Ken Dryden, Bob Gainey, Larry Robinson, and Yvon Cournoyer led them to the cup in 1971, 1973, and four times in a row, 1976 through 1979. By 1979, they had won the Stanley Cup 16 times in 27 years. Related pages List of Montreal Canadiens players References Notes Other websites Official website 1909 establishments in Canada
Hockey is a type of sport in which players try to get points by hitting an object into the other team's goal with a stick. Others believe hockey came from the French word “hoquet” which means shepherd's stick. James Creighton, an engineer who learned how to play the game of hockey while living in Nova Scotia, is credited for bringing the game to a new level. He taught his friends at McGill University in Montreal how to play the game. There are three main ways that hockey is played. Field hockey is played with a ball on grass or astroturf. there are eleven players in each team . Field hockey is usually played outdoors, but there is indoor field hockey. Field hockey is played in the Summer Olympic Games. Ice hockey is played on ice. Players on each team wear ice skates. They try to hit a small rubber disc called a hockey puck into the other team's goal. There are up to 6 players on the ice at a time for each team. It can be played indoors or outdoors. Professionals play indoors in arenas. Ice hockey is one of the most popular sports in the world. It is played in the Winter Olympic GamesThe modern game was invented in the mid-1850´s by British soldiers based in Canada. Rules were set by students at McGill University in Montréal, Canada, in 1879, and many amateur clubs and leagues were organized in Canada by the late 1880´s. The game is believed to have been 1st played in the USA in 1893. Roller hockey is played on a roller hockey rink, usually inside. Players on each team wear roller skates. They try to hit a small plastic disk called a hockey puck into the other team's goal. There are 5 players on each team. There is no contact. Evidence exists that shows ancient Aztecs, Greeks and Romans played similar forms of the game. The modern game of field hockey came to fruition in the mid-19th century in Great Britain. The British army brought the game to its colonies, and the first international competition took place in 1895.
Tyresta National Park is a small national park in Sweden. It only has about 50 square kilometers (or 19 square miles) of land. It is located near the capital city of Stockholm. A large fire burned almost 10 percent of the park in 1999, but the animals and plants have come back and are now doing fine. Other websites Tyresta National Park and Nature Reserve National parks in Europe Geography of Sweden
St. Basil's Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Intercession, is a very famous cathedral in Moscow, Russia. It is officially known as the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat, or Pokrovsky Cathedral. It was commissioned by Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible), for Saint Basil the Blessed. It is in the area called Red Square. It was built in 1555-1561. The cathedral is has eight distinctive onion-shaped towers. The building itself is made up of separate chapels. There is a ninth spire in the middle, forming an eight-point star. The cathedral has been close to destruction many times. Napoleon Bonaparte decided to take it to Paris, but such an undertaking would have been impossible. Instead, he ordered it to be demolished. Explosives were lit, but torrential rain suddenly started, extinguishing the fuses. Joseph Stalin also ordered it to be destroyed, since it interfered with parades. Pyotr Baranovsky, who was the architect in charge, objected and was sent to the GULAG but the demolition was cancelled. The city of Moscow also caught fire numerous times, and the cathedral wasn't spared. Even so, it still stands to this very day. Cathedrals Buildings and structures in Moscow
Newport is a city in the southeast of Wales, Great Britain. It is in the county of Monmouthshire, and in the historic Welsh kingdom of Gwent. Its name in Welsh is Casnewydd. It is the third biggest city in Wales. Newport became a city in 2002. About 140,000 people live in Newport. A few years ago, Newport had lots of people working in the steel factory and other heavy industries. This has changed, now many people work in electronics, such as making computers, phones and microchips. Cities in Wales Monmouthshire 2002 establishments in the United Kingdom 2000s establishments in Wales
Monmouthshire is a county in Wales in the west of Great Britain. From the end of the Middle Ages until the year 1974 Monmouthshire was a part of England for some things and a part of Wales for other things. Then in 1972 Parliament decided that it was going to be in Wales from 1974 onwards. The chief town in the area is Newport. Other important towns are Cwmbran, where the county council meets, Monmouth, the county town and Abergavenny.
A death grunt is when a singer uses a scream which is very low and deep. It is used in many types of music, but usually death metal. In many people's opinions, it is hard to understand the death grunt. However, some people who listen to them a lot think they are not so hard to understand. Some people believe that death grunts in music sound "scary", so they do not like them. Bands that use death growls include Necrophagist, Morbid Angel, Opeth, and many more. Bands that use higher screams that come from the throat include Escape the Fate, Alesana and Greeley Estates. Other terms for death grunts are death growls, harsh vocals, and unclean vocals. References Music
A clique is a small group of people who like the same things. Sometimes, people use the word clique to talk about groups of young people. The word is also used to talk about groups of adults, usually groups of politicians. In a clique there are leaders and followers. A clique may also have people they do not like. Such people are called outcasts. The outcasts were followers, then they were not liked. Relationships Sociology
Goth can also mean a member of a Germanic tribe A goth is a word usually used to describe a person who listens to gothic music and/or dresses in a goth style clothes. Goths often wear black and unusual jewelry. Both goth men and goth women often wear make-up. The goth subculture originated in the early 1980s among fans of the first gothic rock group, Bauhaus. The word goth comes from the word Gothic which actually means gloomy or dark. This meaning of the word comes from gothic fiction, a type of literature popular during the late 18th and early 19th century. People who call themselves a goth are those who live up the meaning of the name through wearing clothes or putting on makeup that is in colours that represent death, decay, or gloominess, such as the colour black, deathly white face makeup, dark bloody red colours, or the tones of the colour puce. Goth people may also make and listen to Goth music. Goths wear normal black clothes and mix them with other colours to make a new look. Goth people are often mistaken to be emo or punk because of the everyday stereotypes. Subculture
Cigarettes can be any dried leaf that people roll in thin paper to smoke, but the word is most often used to refer ones with dried tobacco leaves. The nicotine in the tobacco can be addictive to people. The nicotine from cigarettes makes people want to smoke more, even if they do not like the taste or its other effects. The smoke also has other things that are bad for people's health. Many countries have laws saying who can smoke tobacco cigarettes and where they can smoke them. They can cause lung cancer, heart disease and many other diseases. Most packs of cigarettes have warning labels on them. Until the mid-1950s, cigarettes were advertised as being healthy or at least not harmful. Tobacco companies used images of doctors smoking in their advertisements to falsely convince the public that cigarettes were safe. Cigarettes were advertised as a remedy for throat irritation, the common cold, obesity, indigestion, and even asthma. Today, all of the major tobacco companies admit that cigarettes are harmful to health. Dangers Smokers have symptoms such as frequent coughing, chest pain, and breathlessness. Doctors say that people should not smoke, as it can harm almost every organ in the body. Cigarette smoke contains many harmful substances. Among them are nicotine, tar, carcinogens and carbon monoxide. Nicotine is a drug that is addictive. It damages brain tissue. Tar is a sticky substance that kills cells and causes lung cancer. Carcinogens are substances that cause cancer. Carbon monoxide is a colourless and poisonous gas that stops hemoglobin from taking oxygen around the body. Filtered, light, ultra-light, menthol, natural, nicotine-free, and electronic cigarettes are just as harmful as regular cigarettes. Nicotine in cigarettes is as addictive as cocaine and heroin. Other tobacco products, such as cigars and chewing tobacco, are not a safe alternative to cigarettes. Improperly extinguished cigarettes are a common cause of house fires. Smoking near fuel or flammable chemicals can cause a fire or explosion. Notable brands Marlboro Camel Lucky Strike Kool Pall Mall References Smoking
Gdańsk is a city in the north of Poland in Pomeranian Voivodeship, near the place where the Vistula river meets the Baltic Sea. It is Poland's 6th largest city (population of 500 000 people) and the largest and most important sea port. It has existed since the 10th century and many times played a very important role in Poland's history. In the 19th century it was part of Prussia. This is where Solidarity, the movement which helped end Communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe, came to life. Gdansk has a humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification). Wikimania The sixth Wikimania was hosted in this city in 2010. Related pages Golden Gate in Gdańsk References Port cities and towns of the Baltic Sea
Montserrat is a Caribbean island. It is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. The governor of Montserrat is Deborah Barnes-Jones. The capital is officially Plymouth, but the government has moved to Brades after a volcano, Chances Peak, destroyed Plymouth in 1995. Before the island was called Montserrat, Kalinago and Taíno people had lived in the region for a long time. They knew it as Alliouagana. Montserrat was colonized mostly by Irish Catholics. They brought many black slaves to the island and forced them to work on sugar plantations. The work the slaves made many plantations grow wealthy. When slavery was made illegal in the 1830s, the British Empire paid all the slave owners. References Caribbean Community
Malawi (Republic of Malawi) is a country in south-east Africa. It has borders with the countries of Tanzania, Zambia, and Mozambique. The capital of Malawi is Lilongwe and the spoken languages are English and Chichewa. The official language of Malawi is English. The total size is about 118480 km² and there are about 100 people per km². The country is also called "The Warm Heart of Africa". Malawi is one of the smallest countries in Africa. Lake Malawi takes about a third of Malawi's area. Bantu people started living in Malawi in the 10th century. In 1891 the area became a colony of the United Kingdom. In 1953 Malawi, then called as Nyasaland, as a protectorate of the United Kingdom, became an almost independent country called Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The Federation was ended in 1963. In 1964 the protection of the United Kingdom over Nyasaland was ended. Nyasaland became an independent country which was ruled by Queen Elizabeth and was called Malawi. Two years later it became a republic. After getting independence it became a one-party rule which was ruled by Hastings Banda. He was president until 1994. Peter Mutharika is the current president. Malawi has a democratic, many party government. Malawi has a small military: army, a navy and an air support. Malawi has good relations with Western countries and most countries in the world. Malawi has joined some international organizations. Malawi is one of the poorest countries in the world. Economy is based in farming. Most of the population live in field areas. Country gets aid from other countries. Government has a hard time building and expanding the economy and develop health care, education and environment safety. Since 2005 some programs have been developed to focus on these problems. Malawi has a low life expectancy and high infant mortality. People become ill with AIDS. Africans, Asians and Europeans are living in the country and they speak in different languages. History People have lived in the area of Malawi for thousands of years. At first they were hunter-gatherers. Bantu groups came to the area around the 10th century. Most of the Bantu groups went to south but some started living there and made ethnic groups based on familiar race. By 1500 AD groups came together and made Maravi empire, which streched from north of what is now Nkhotakota to the Zambezi River and from Lake Malawi to the Luangwa River in what is now Zambia. After 1600 the area was united under one ruler and began trading and making connection with Portuguese traders and members of the military through the Mozambican port which was occupied by Portuguese. By 1700 the empire had broken up into areas that were controlled by individual groups of people which was known by the Portuguese by collecting information. The Swahili-Arab slave trade had its highest amount in the middle of 1800s when about 20,000 people were forced to become slaves and were sold every year. In 1859 British explorer David Livingstone found Lake Malawi (then it was called Lake Nyasa) and thought that Shire Highlands to the south of the lake was a good place for Europeans to make a colony. Many British missions were done in the area in the 1860s and 1870s. The African Lakes Company Limited was made in 1878 to set up a trade and transport that helped with the missions, and a small mission and trading area was made at Blantyre in 1876 and a British Consul started living there in 1883. Malawi became an independent country in 6 July 1964. Hastings Banda became the first president. Constitution made Malawi become a republic and one-party state. Banda's Malawi Congress Party (MCP) was the only legal party in the country. In 1971, Banda became president for life. For almost 30 years, Banda ruled over a harsh government which kept Malawi out from war. Banda showed how a poor country with no access to sea, big population and no minerals can develop farming and industries. Banda made a business empire that produced one-third of the country's GDP and used 10% of the workers who got paid. All money made by Banda was used to develop Malawi. Under pressure for free politics, Banda held an referendum in 1993, where population voted for many party, democratic government. In late 1993 a presidential council was made, president for life was ended and new constitution was put in place, ending MCP rule. In 1994 the first many party elections were held in Malawi, and Banda was defeated by Bakili Muluzi. Major cities Lilongwe Blantyre Mzuzu Related pages Lake Malawi List of rivers of Malawi Malawi at the Olympics Malawi national football team References Least developed countries 1964 establishments in Africa
Electromagnetic waves are waves that contain an electric field and a magnetic field and carry energy. They travel at the speed of light. Quantum mechanics developed from the study of electromagnetic waves. This field includes the study of both visible and invisible light. Visible light is the light one can see with normal eyesight in the colours of the rainbow. Invisible light is light one can't see with normal eyesight and includes more energetic and higher frequency waves, such as ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays. Waves with longer lengths, such as infrared, micro and radio waves, are also explored in the field of Quantum mechanics. Some types of electromagnetic radiation, such as X-rays, are ionizing radiation and can be harmful to your body. Ultraviolet rays are near the violet end of the light spectrum and infrared are near the red end. Infrared rays are heat rays and ultraviolet rays cause sunburn. The various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum differ in wavelength, frequency and quantum energy. Sound waves are not electromagnetic waves but waves of pressure in air, water or any other substance. Mathematical formulation In physics, it is well known that the wave equation for a typical wave is The problem now is to prove that Maxwell's equations explicitly prove that the electric and magnetic fields create electromagnetic radiation. Recall that two of Maxwell's equations are given by By evaluating the curl of the above equations and vector calculus one can prove the following equations Note: the proof involves making the substitution The equations above are analogous to the wave equation, by replacing f with E and B. The above equations mean that propagations through the magnetic (B) and electric (E) fields will produce waves. Related pages Photon References Other websites Electromagnetic Waves from Maxwell's Equations on Project PHYSNET. Conversion of frequency to wavelength and back - electromagnetic, radio and sound waves eBooks on Electromagnetic radiation and RF The Science of Spectroscopy - supported by NASA. Spectroscopy education wiki and films - introduction to light, its uses in NASA, space science, astronomy, medicine & health, environmental research, and consumer products. Electromagnetism
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States and CARICOM. The country speaks English as its official language. The capital, and its main port, is Kingstown. Its national bird is the Saint Vincent Amazon, an endemic bird of the Saint Vincent island. Politics Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as head of state. The Queen does not live in the islands but she is represented in the country by the Governor-General, currently Sir Frederick Ballantyne. Control of the government rests with the elected prime minister and his or her cabinet. The current Prime Minister is Ralph Gonsalves. The country has no formal armed forces, although the police has a Special Service Unit that has a supporting role on the island. The Parliament is unicameral is formed only by the House of Assembly with 21 seats: 15 representatives elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms and 6 appointed senators. The last elections were held on 13 December 2010 and the next will be held in 2015. History The island now known as Saint Vincent was originally named Youloumain by the native Caribs. The Caribs inhabited Saint Vincent before the Europeans arrived, and it is possible still to find Carib artifacts in the island. Christopher Columbus explored in 1498 the main island on Saint Vincent's Day. The Caribs did not allowed Europeans to settle in Saint Vincent until 1719 when some French people came from Martinique and began to grow coffee, tobacco, indigo, cotton and sugar cane with the help of African slaves. In 1763 by the Treaty of Paris, France gave control of Saint Vincent to Britain; France took the island again in 1779, but the British then regained Saint Vincent under the Treaty of Versailles (1783). In 1834 slavery was abolished and people from the Portuguese island of Madeira and from India came to work as agricultural workers. In 1871 the group of islands became part of the Windward Islands Colony and in 1956 a member of the Federation of the Windward Islands. In 1958 Saint Vincent joined the Federation of the West Indies and in 1969 it got full internal self-government. Finally in 1979 it became an Independent Sovereign State within the Commonwealt. Population Demographics The estimated population in 2003 was 103,220. The population density is 265 persons per square kilometre. The ethnic composition was 66% Black, 19% Mixed, 6.0% East Indian, 4.0% European (mainly Portuguese), 2.0% Carib Amerindian, 3.0% others. Language The official language of the islands is English but most people use the Vicentian Creole English. Religion The people of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was 75% Protestant (47% Anglicans, 28% Methodists), 13% Catholics, 12% other (Hindu, Seventh-Day Adventists, other Protestant). Geography Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a group of islands of the Caribbean Sea. It lies to the west of Barbados, south of Saint Lucia and north of Grenada in the Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles. There are 32 islands and cays, including the main island of Saint Vincent () and the northern two-thirds of the Grenadines (), which are a chain of small islands stretching south from Saint Vincent to Grenada. The largest and most populated Grenadines islands are Bequia, Mustique, Canouan and Union Island. The main island of Saint Vincent, at , is long and wide, and has an area of , or about 88% of the total country area, 19 times that of the country's second largest island Bequia. It is dominated by the highest mountain in the country and an active volcano, La Soufrière (), which erupted violently in 1812 and 1902. The most recent eruption was on April 13, 1979. The island has many mountains and forests. The island is tropical humid, with an average of between 18 and 31 °C depending on the altitude. The Saint Vincent Passage is between the Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent islands, and the Bequia Channel is between the Grenadines and Saint Vincent islands. The Grenadines islands lie between the islands of Saint Vincent in the north and Grenada in the south. Neither Saint Vincent nor Grenada are Grenadine islands. The islands north of the Martinique Channel belong to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the islands south of the channel belong to Grenada. Islands These islands make up the Grenadines Parish Bequia, at , is the largest of the Grenadines. The capital of the Grenadines parish, Port Elizabeth , is here. Petit Nevis Isle à Quatre Bettowia Baliceaux Mustique Petit Mustique Savan Petit Canouan Canouan Mayreau Tobago Cays Union Island Petit Saint Vincent Palm Island Administrative divisions Administratively, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is divided into six parishes. Five parishes are on Saint Vincent, while the sixth is made up of the Grenadine islands. Kingstown is located in the Parish of Saint George and is the capital city and central administrative centre of the country. 5 parishes on Saint Vincent: Charlotte - 149 km² (capital: Georgetown) Saint George - 52 km² (capital: Kingstown) Saint Andrew - 29 km² (capital: Layou) Saint Patrick - 37 km² (capital: Barrouallie) Saint David - 80 km² (capital: Chateaubelair) 1 parish made up of the Grenadine islands: Grenadines - 43 km² (capital: Port Elizabeth on the Bequia island) Climate Tropical rainforest climate is a type of tropical climate in which there is no dry season - all months have mean precipitation values of at least . Tropical rainforest climates have no pronounced summer or winter; it is typically hot and wet throughout the year and rainfall is both heavy and frequent. The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is Af (Tropical Rainforest Climate). The average yearly temperature is . The coolest months are between November and February. During the rainy season, May through October, rain is frequent in the mountains of St. Vincent with the annual average rainfall being away from the coast and on the coast. Related pages List of rivers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines List of Vincentian people Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the Olympics Saint Vincent and the Grenadines national football team References Current monarchies Caribbean Community English-speaking countries Commonwealth realms
Adolph Frederick Rupp (September 2, 1901 – December 10, 1977) was an American college basketball coach. He coached the University of Kentucky's basketball team for 42 years from 1930 to 1972. He helped the team win 4 national NCAA championships. Rupp Arena in Lexington, Kentucky is named after him. American basketball players Sportspeople from Kentucky 1901 births 1977 deaths
The Miami Dolphins is an American football club in the National Football League team based in Miami, Florida, USA. The Dolphins began playing in 1966 and in 1972 they had the only perfect season in NFL history and won a Super Bowl, with Bob Griese leading the team as quarterback. Another quarterback, Dan Marino, is a more recent famous player from this club. The Miami Dolphins stadium is Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Fl. References Sports in Miami, Florida National Football League teams 1966 establishments in the United States 1960s establishments in Florida
Oksana Vladimirovna Grishuk (born March 17, 1972 in Odessa, Ukraine) is a Russian retired ice dancer. She and her partner, Evgeny Platov, won two Olympic gold medals and four world championships. Grishuk began training in skating at the age of four. She moved to Moscow in 1986, and studied at the Sport University from 1988 to 1992. After they won the gold medal in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, Platov decided to skate as a professional with a different partner, Maya Usova, so Grishuk began skating professionally alone. Amateur competitions World Championships: first in 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 Olympics: gold medal in 1994 and 1998 European Championships: first place in 1996, 1997, and 1998 References Other websites The largest fansite about Oksana Grishuk, AKA Pasha Oksana Grishuk's official website Platov and Usova site 1972 births Living people Olympic gold medalists People from Odessa Russian figure skaters
Evgeny Platov (born August 7, 1967, Odessa, Ukraine). He was a Russian dancer, and began skating when he was nine years old. He studied at the Physical Institute of Culture in Moscow. Platov won two Olympic gold medals and four world championships with his partner, Oksana Grishuk After the 1998 Olympics in Nagano, Japan, Platov started skating as a professional with a different partner, Maya Usova, until he retired from performing in 2002. He is now a coach at Princeton Sports Center in Princeton, New Jersey. Amateur competitions World Championships: first in 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 Olympics: gold medal in 1994 and 1998 European Championships: first place in 1996, 1997, and 1998 References Other websites Platov and Usova site 1972 births Living people Olympic gold medalists Russian figure skaters
A tetris is a tile-matching puzzle game, developed in the Soviet Union in 1984. The game has a simple goal of destroying lines of block before it reaches the top. The line is made up of a square block. etrominoes is the shape of the 4 connected blocks that falls vertically down. The player will have to use the tetrominos to create lines that fill the box horizontally, this will clear the lines of blocks. The game continues, the lines of blocks that is not completely filled will drop down as many lines that were cleared. The game has levels of difficulties which rises as the game is being played. Tetris has appeared in many video game system. It has become very common from back when Alexey Pajitnov first made it in 1984. With over 170 million copies sold, it is the 2nd best-selling video game of all time. Gameplay The goal is to drop blocks, called tetrominoes, down into a playing field to make lines. Tetriminoes are made of four connected squares each There are seven different types of tetrominoes. Levels have a set goal, or number of lines to clear. When the goal number reaches zero, the player moves to the next level. As the levels go up, the tetrominoes fall faster. A player receives bonus points if he can clear more than one line with a single tetromino. Clearing four lines is called a "tetris", three lines a "triple" and two lines a "double". Clearing two tetrises in a row is called a back-to-back tetris. The player can also turn a T-shaped tetromino into a hole, called a T-slot, to get more points. This move is called a "T-spin". A player loses when the tetrominoes make it to the top of the playing field. See "Issues" for information on the Level 29 Problem. Music On the Game Boy, there are several musical themes played. The theme for level 1 and used in the Game Boy version is often called the "Tetris Theme". It is actually a Russian dance called Korobeiniki, or "The Peddlers." Other themes include music by Johann Sebastian Bach and the Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy. Issues When you reach Level 28 on the GBA(Game Boy Advance) or NES(Nintendo Entertainment System), the pieces will start falling so fast that the player can hardly move the tetrominoes at all. This means that those pieces will all pile up on the playfield and cause the player to lose. References 1984 video games
Moldova is a country in Eastern Europe. Its full name is the Republic of Moldova (, .) It used to be called Moldavia. It borders Ukraine to the north and Romania to the south. The official language in Moldova is the Romanian language. The capital of Moldova is Chișinău. The Russian Empire took almost half of the Principality of Moldova in 1812 and called it Bessarabia. Between 1918 - 1940 and 1941-1944 it was part of the Kingdom of Romania. It became independent from the Soviet Union after its dissolution. The average monthly salary/wages are still low, standing at only $243 USD. Moldova is an associated country for future membership in the European Union. Related pages List of rivers of Moldova Moldova at the Olympics Moldova national football team References
Polish can mean: When written with upper-case P: Anything related to the country of Poland Polish language, the language spoken in the country Poles, the people of Poland When written with lower-case p: To polish something is to rub it so that it is smooth and shiny A substance used to do that action is called polish Basic English 850 words
Polish () is the official language of Poland. It is the most common Western Slavic language and the second Slavic language, after Russian. Polish has been an important language in Central and Eastern Europe. Polish is now spoken by over 43.5 million people as their first language in Poland. It is also spoken as a Second language in western parts of Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine. Because of emigration during different times, millions of Polish-speakers can be found in Australia, Ireland, Brazil, Canada, United Kingdom, United States and elsewhere. There are over 50 million speakers around the world. Letters There are 9 letters in Polish that English does not have. They look like English letters with marks above or below them. In lower case, the 9 letters are: ą ć ę ł ń ś ó ź ż In upper case, the 9 letters are: Ą Ć Ę Ł Ń Ś Ó Ź Ż There are 3 English letters not used in Polish: q, v, x. There are 7 combinations of 2 letters that are like a single letter sound (similar to "th" or "qu" in English). These include "ch", "cz", "dz", "dź", "dż", "rz", "sz". Sounds Many letters have the same sound in Polish and English, such as "f" "m", and others, but other letters sound different: Polish "w" sounds like an English "v", and Polish "ł" sounds like an English "w". There are also some Polish sounds that do not exist in English and some English sounds that do not exist in Polish. The vowels "ą" and "ę" are nasal and so they are pronounced by blowing air partly out of both the nose and the mouth. Most words are pronounced with an accent on the second-last syllable: "student" (which means the same as the English word) is pronounced with the accent on "stu" ("STU-dent"), and "studenci" (the plural form of "student") is pronounced with the accent on "den" (stu-DEN-ci). Dialects The Polish language has several dialects but they are more similar to one another than most other European languages. There are small differences, but all speakers can understand one another, and non-native speakers often cannot notice the differences. Grammar Grammar is complex, and has features that are unlike English. Like many other languages, Polish has grammatical gender. A table (stół) is masculine, a book (książka) is feminine, and a window (okno) is neuter. Nouns and adjectives and verbs have many endings, depending on their role in a sentence. There are 7 cases that show the role of a noun in a Polish sentence. Each has its own ending, which also depends on the gender of the noun. Word order is freer than in English, partly because the case and gender endings help to understand the role of the noun. In English, "The boy bites the dog" is quite different from "The dog bites the boy", but in Polish, both orders can be used without confusion. Sample Phrases Dzień dobry (Dz'yehn DOH-brih) - Good morning or Good afternoon Dobry wieczór (DOH-brih v-YETCH-oor) - Good evening' Do widzenia (doh vee-DZEN-yah) - Good byeCześć! (tsheshch) - Hi, Hello! or ByeTak (tahk) - Yes (in Polish, long-short answers like Yes, I did are not needed, and Tak is enough) Nie (nyeh) - No or Not (in Polish, long-short answers like No, I won't are not needed, and Nie is enough) Jak się masz? (yahk shyeh mahsh) - How do you do?Co robisz? (tsoh robish) - What you doing?Jak się nazywasz? (YAHK shyeh nahZYvash) or Jak masz na imię? (YAHK mahsh nah EE-myeng/EE-myeh) - What's your name?Nazywam się... (nah-ZIH-vahm shyeh) - My (name and) surname is...Mam na imię... (mahm nah EE-myeng/EE-myeh) - My (given) name is...Nie mówię po Polsku (nyeh MOW-vyeng/MOW-vyeh poh POL-skoo) - I do not speak PolishLubię Cię (loo-bee-EH chyeh) - I like youKocham Cię (koh-hahm chyeh) - I love youNie mówię po Angielsku (nyeh MOW-vyeng/MOW-vyeh poh ahng-YEL-skoo) - I do not speak EnglishJak dojechać na lotnisko/dworzec (yak do-YEH-khatch nah lot-NEE-sco/dvo-ZHETS) - How do you get the airport/rail station?(where dworzec - station means rail station'' by default) Jeden (ye-den) -One Dwa (dva) -Two Trzy (Trzhi) -Three References Other websites Wikibooks:Basic Polish language course Slavic languages Languages of Europe
Georgia could mean either of two things: Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus Georgia (U.S. state), one of the states in the United States of America Related pages Georgian, a disambiguation page
Kryptos is the name of a sculpture (art that is like a statue) on the grounds of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Langley, Virginia, USA. Kryptos is very famous. It has codes (secret hidden messages) on it. There are four messages. People know what three of the messages say. No one knows what the fourth message says yet. A man named Jim Sanborn made Kryptos in 1990. Kryptos is in a garden in the middle of a building called CIA Headquarters. Not very many people have seen Kryptos, because only a few people are allowed to go into the CIA building. They do very important work at the CIA, and have to be very careful. The word Kryptos comes from the Greek language. It means "hidden". The sculpture is about 12 feet high and 20 feet long. It is made of metal and different kinds of rocks. It has thousands of letters and other things written in the metal. The first person to find out what the first three messages say, was Jim Gillogly. He learned the answers in 1999. After he said what the answer was, the CIA said that a man who works at the CIA, David Stein, knew the answer too. A few years later the NSA (another agency in Washington D.C.) said that they had people who had solved it too. Before he made Kryptos, Jim Sanborn had not made any other sculptures with letters on them. After Kryptos he made many other sculptures with letters on them. Some of them have secret messages. One is called Antipodes. There are two copies of Antipodes. One belongs to a man in California. The other is in a museum in Washington DC called the Hirshhorn Museum. Another sculpture that Sanborn made which has secret messages is called the Cyrillic Projector. It has secret messages in Russian. The Cyrillic Projector was independently cracked by Michael Bales and Frank Corr in 2003. There are two famous books that talk about Kryptos, which were written by Dan Brown. He wrote a book in 2003 called The Da Vinci Code. On the cover of the book is art. In the art there are secret messages. Two of the messages talk about Kryptos. Dan Brown wrote another book in 2009 called The Lost Symbol, which also talks about Kryptos. Other websites The CIA website about Kryptos NY Times Library An article in the newspaper (The New York Times: CIA's Artistic Enigma Reveals All but Final Clues, – June 16, 1999) Elonka Dunin's Kryptos page Washington Post ("Cracking the Code of a CIA Sculpture" – July 19, 1999) New York Times article and other articles ("Gillogly Cracks CIA Art", & "The Kryptos Code Unmasked") Wired News ("Solving the Enigma of Kryptos" – January 21, 2005) CNN story, "Cracking the Code", June 19, 2005 Pictures of Kryptos from high up in the sky Windows Live Local - Several images. (zoom in and click on aerial / bird's eye links at left) Terraserver-USA Google Maps Sculptures Virginia
Lech Walesa (Polish: Lech Wałęsa (pronounced [lɛx vaˈwɛ̃sa])) (born September 29, 1943) was a Polish shipyard worker, trade unionist and a politician who used to be the leader of Solidarity and the President of Poland between 1990 and 1995. Walesa won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983. References 1943 births Living people Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Nonviolence advocates Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Polish Nobel Prize winners Polish Roman Catholics Presidents of Poland Time People of the Year Trade unionists
These are some Dutch football (soccer) teams. Eredivisie (Honour Division) Season 2018/19 ADO Den Haag Ajax AZ Alkmaar Emmen SBV Excelsior Feyenoord Rotterdam Fortuna Sittard De Graafschap FC Groningen SC Heerenveen Heracles Almelo NAC Breda PEC Zwolle PSV Eindhoven FC Utrecht Vitesse VVV-Venlo Willem II Eerste Divisie (First Division) Almere City FC Cambuur Leeuwarden FC Den Bosch FC Dordrecht FC Eindhoven Excelsior Fortuna Sittard Go Ahead Eagles De Graafschap Helmond Sport MVV FC Oss Sparta Rotterdam Telstar BV Veendam FC Volendam Lists of football teams
General Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 1890 - 9 November 1970) was a French military and political leader. He was president of France from 1959 to 1969. He was a founding member and leader of the French Resistance during the Second World War. He died of an aneurysm. De Gaulle chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to re-establish democracy in France. In 1958, he came out of retirement: the Algerian War was happening. He rewrote the Constitution of France and founded the Fifth Republic after it was by a referendum. He was elected President of France later that year, a position to which he was re-elected in 1965 and held until his resignation in 1969. The National Assembly brought him back to power in May 1958. He granted independence to Algeria. 900,000 French people in Algeria (called les pieds-noire) left for France. The Organisation armée secrète (OAS) tried to kill him. Frederick Forsyth used this incident as a basis for his novel The Day of the Jackal. After the Algerian conflict, de Gaulle wanted to improve the French economy, and have an independent foreign policy. This was called by foreign observers the "politics of grandeur" (politique de grandeur). See Gaullism. The French economy recorded high growth rates. In 1964, for the first time in nearly 100 years, France's GDP overtook that of the United Kingdom. This period is still remembered in France with some nostalgia as the peak of the Trente Glorieuses ("Thirty Glorious Years" of economic growth between 1945 and 1974). De Gaulle had many admirers, but he was also one of the most hated men in modern French history. His most famous saying was: "L'etat? c'est moi!", roughly "The State? it's me!" References 1890 births 1970 deaths Cardiovascular disease deaths in France Deaths from aneurysm French generals French people of World War II Prime Ministers of France People from Lille Presidents of France Time People of the Year
The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is the smallest tiger subspecies. It is listed as critically endangered. They are in danger due to hunting and the destruction of their habitat. It is estimated that there are only about 400-700 Sumatran tigers left in the wild. The Sumatran tiger lives only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It can be found in low and highland areas, mountainous jungles, and peat swamp forests. Description Like other tiger subspecies, the Sumatran tiger has deep orange fur with black stripes. Every tiger has its own pattern of stripes, with none being the same. The Sumatran tiger has very long back legs, which allow it to jump great distances. Even though they are the smallest of the tiger subspecies, Sumatran tigers are still very large, reaching to the length of 9 feet (2.7 meters), and weighing up to 165-250 pounds (75–114 kg). Sumatran tigers have webbed feet. This allows them to swim easily. Where they live The Sumatran tiger is found only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, where the Sumatran tiger can be found from low and highland areas, to mountainous jungles and peat swamp forests. Feeding Sumatran tigers ambush their prey, using their long, powerful legs, jaws, and claws to catch and kill their prey. They have extremely good eyesight and hearing, which helps them to find their prey. Sumatran tigers feed mainly on wild boar and deer, and they can eat more than 40 pounds of meat at a time. Reproduction Female Sumatran tigers reach maturity at the age of around three to four years. Males turn mature at the age of around four to five years. Females are pregnant for about 95–110 days, and the females give birth in hidden and private areas and raise the cubs alone. They give birth to around 2-3 cubs at a time, but they can sometimes give birth to six cubs. The cubs’ eyes are closed at birth, and they don’t open fully until the cub is one or two weeks old. Cubs feed on milk for three to six months and start hunting with their mother at the age of about five or six months. They will stay with their mother until they are fully able to hunt on their own, which doesn’t happen until the cubs are at least 18 months to 2 years old. In the wild, Sumatran tigers live an average of 15 years. References Other websites The Sumatran Tiger Trust Tiger Facts - Sumatran Tiger Tigers Indonesia
The American Film Institute (AFI) is an independent, organization that is designed not to make money created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was started in 1967 when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act. George Stevens, Jr. was the first CEO. Since 1980, Jean Picker Firstenberg has been CEO. Older figures in AFI's Conservatory train newer people. The institute also wants to keep old film, which could soon be destroyed. Even though its name only mentions film, AFI also works on television and video. In 1973, the AFI began handing out Life Achievement Awards. In 1998, when American cinema had existed for 100 years, AFI began its 100 Years Series, which helped people become interested in the history of movies. Recently, it built and started the AFI Silver theatre in Silver Spring, Maryland near Washington, D.C. AFI 100 Years series In honour of the hundredth birthday of American cinema, the AFI has made several lists of the best movie-related things: 1998: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies 1999: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars 2000: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs 2001: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills 2002: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions 2003: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains 2004: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs 2005: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes 2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores 2006: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers References Other websites Official Website History of AFI AFI Los Angeles Film Festival - History and Information 1967 establishments in California
A fullback or full back is the name of a defensive position in a football (soccer) game. A fullback is also an offensive position in American football that usually blocks for the quarterback or a running back. American football positions
Antonio Meucci (Florence, April 13, 1808 – October 18, 1889) was an Italian inventor. He invented the first type of telephone, also known as the first 'talking telegraph' 1857. In 2002, the United States House of Representatives ruled that he invented the first working telephone, although Alexander Graham Bell was first to patent it. References Inventors Italian people 1808 births 1889 deaths
8 Mile is a 2002 American drama movie starring rapper Eminem, Kim Basinger, Brittany Murphy and Mekhi Phifer. It is set in 1995 in Detroit, Michigan. The film tells about a young white rapper living in inner city Detroit. He tries to make a rap career but most rappers are African Americans. The film was a critical and financial success. Eminem won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Lose Yourself". Other websites References 2002 drama movies American drama movies American musical movies Eminem English-language movies Movies set in Detroit, Michigan Movies set in the 1990s Movies that won the Best Original Song Academy Award Universal Pictures movies Movies directed by Curtis Hanson
An African American is a person who lives in the United States and speaks English, but whose ancestors were from Africa. It could also mean a first generation African immigrant who has citizenship in the United States. The term is usually associated with black people. This is because of many African Americans' dark skin due to having Sub-Saharan African ancestors. Many Africans were brought to the United States in the slave trade. Many of the U.S. population (especially in many urban or city areas) are African American. Many others live in rural areas in the Southern United States. Detroit has the highest percent of blacks in the nation, and many live in other big cities. Cities with the highest percent of African Americans are Jackson, Mississippi; New Orleans; Memphis; Miami Gardens; and Savannah, Georgia. New York City and Chicago have the largest population of African Americans. Other cities with a high African American population are Baltimore, Houston, Atlanta, Philadelphia, Baton Rouge, Washington, D.C. and Dallas. States with the highest percentage of African Americans are Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia, Maryland, South Carolina, Alabama, Delaware, North Carolina, Virginia and Tennessee. African Americans are third largest ethnic group in the United States after White Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans. Ethnicity African-American refers to a specific range of diverse cultures with a common thread of ethnic connection to Africa. This term was created to describe an ethnic/cultural link to Africa for people who are American, much as in the case of Italian Americans, Irish Americans, or Polish Americans. The difference is that Italian Americans and Polish Americans know they are Americans of Italian or Polish (not general European) descent. The 'African' in African-American acknowledges the connection to a number of African cultures, not one in particular. The 'American' shows the nationality and culture of the United States. A person born in Nigeria is still Nigerian even if he or she comes to the United States and lives here for the rest of their life. If that person wants to say that they are an American citizen, they would simply say "I am an American citizen". His American-born children could correctly call themselves Nigerian-American OR African-American. Some Caribbeans such as Jamaicans do not identify as African American, even if they have African ancestry. Black In America, and from an American point of view, the term 'Black' is often applied to other ethnic groups throughout the world who do not necessarily see themselves as Black, such as Australian Aborigines, for example. African American culture was born in the United States and is distinct from any single African culture. African-American is a term that many Black people chose to call themselves because they found the term "Negro" offensive. In America there are many immigrants of mixed race that includes African descent, like Cape Verdeans, Dominicans, Cubans, Brazilians and Puerto Ricans. These groups, by and large, do not think of themselves as Black or African American and object to these labels. Many mixed race Americans also resist pressure to identify themselves as Black or White. Blasians and Afro-Hispanics also resist pressure. Population statistics Alabama has a large population of African Americans. African Americans were enslaved in the state. African Americans constitute 15.4 percent of Arkansas’s population, according to the 2010 census, and they have been present in Arkansas since the earliest days of European settlement. Originally brought to Arkansas in large numbers as slaves, people of African ancestry drove the state’s plantation economy until long after the Civil War. African Americans have exerted a profound influence upon all aspects of the state’s history and culture. Atlanta was the home of Martin Luther King Jr. and an important place in the Civil Rights Movement. It has been referred to as a "black mecca". "A CHAMPION FOR ATLANTA: Maynard Jackson: 'Black mecca' burgeoned under leader" "The city that calls itself America's ' Black Mecca'" "The Black Mecca leads the nation in numbers of African American millionaires; at the same time, it leads the nation in the percentage of its children in poverty" "the city that earned a national reputation as America's 'black mecca'" "the cornerstone upon which today's 'Black Mecca' was built" "And, they said, don't forget Atlanta's reputation as a black mecca" "Atlanta's allure as the black mecca" "The Southern capital regarded as the nation's black mecca" “Atlanta is a city that is known as the black mecca" "Upcoming city elections will show how Atlanta is undergoing profound changes", '"Saporta Report, October 2009] "Some people call Atlanta the Black Mecca" "That stockpile of black brain power has made Atlanta the nation's mecca for blacks, especially buppies looking for Afro-American affluence and political clout." in "Bond vs. Lewis - it's Atlanta's loss that only one of the two can win ", Atlanta Journal-Constitution, August 16, 1986 "Is it this that has made Atlanta the mecca of the black middle class?" "Atlanta emerges as a center of black entertainment" Delaware has a significant African American population. African Americans were enslaved in the state. In 1721, an estimated 2,000-5,000 black slaves lived in Pennsylvania and the three lower counties on the Delaware. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, African Americans were 31.2% of Georgia's population. The first black people to live in Texas were Afro-Mexicans when Texas was a Spanish colony. Texas has one of the largest African-American populations in the country. African Americans are concentrated in northern, eastern and east-central Texas as well as the Dallas, Houston and San Antonio metropolitan areas. African Americans form 24 percent of both the cities of Dallas and Houston, 19% of Fort Worth, 8.1 percent of Austin, and 7.5 percent of San Antonio. Virginia is home to the longest continuous experience of African American life and culture in the United States spanning more than four centuries – beginning before the first English settlement at Jamestown and through the Revolutionary War, Civil War, Emancipation and the Civil Rights eras. Outside of the United States, the history of African Americans in Ghana goes back to people such as American civil rights activist and writer W. E. B. Du Bois, who settled in Ghana in the last years of his life and is buried in the capital Accra. Since then, other African Americans who are descended from slaves imported from areas within the present-day jurisdiction of Ghana and neighboring states have applied for permanent resident status in Ghana. As of 2015, the number of African American residents has been estimated at around 3,000 people, a large portion of whom live in Accra. Genetic studies Many African Americans have European ancestry and Native American along with African ancestry. Recent surveys of African Americans using a genetic testing service have found varied ancestries. These studies found that on average, African Americans have 73.2–82.1% West African, 16.7%–24% European, and 0.8–1.2% Native American genetic ancestry, with large variation between individuals. Genetics websites themselves have reported similar ranges, with some finding 1 or 2 percent Native American ancestry and Ancestry.com reporting an outlying percentage of European ancestry among African Americans of 29%. 38% of African Americans have Irish ancestry. History Most of the first African Americans were brought to North America as part of the Atlantic slave trade. African slaves were brought to North America from 1619 to 1808. After the United States became independent, slavery became illegal in most northern states. At the same time, slavery grew more important to the economy of the southern states. Many African American slaves worked on plantations (large farms) that grew cotton and tobacco. Plantation work was very difficult and slaves were often whipped and physically punished. It was illegal for slaves to learn how to read and write. White men often raped slave women, but were not punished. At the same time, there were many free African Americans in the north. Unlike slaves, they were allowed to start churches, write newspapers, and sometimes own property. Frederick Douglass was an important abolitionist (fighter against slavery). Harriet Tubman helped to create the Underground Railroad, which helped African Americans to sneak away from their masters and become free. During the American Civil War from 1861-1865, the south broke away from the United States to form the Confederate States of America, or Confederacy. The United States won the war, and in 1865, it freed all slaves (about 4 million) by the 13th amendment. African Americans were not slaves anymore, but white southerners passed laws called Black Codes that took away their freedom. Some African Americans served in government, but after 1877, the white southerners mostly kept them out of government. Whites founded the Ku Klux Klan to scare African Americans and stop them from voting. Most southern African Americans became sharecroppers. Sharecropping was a system in which the farmers rented the land from the landowner and had to pay the landowner part of their crops. Jim Crow laws segregated white and black people. Black people had to go to different schools and usually live in different neighborhoods than white people. Many businesses were for whites only. The Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson said that black and white facilities could be separate but equal, but facilities for black people were usually worse. Lynching was often practiced against African Americans. In the early 1900s, African American culture grew with the Harlem Renaissance, an artistic and literary movement in New York City. The NAACP was founded to improve the lives of African Americans. Leaders had different ideas about what was best for African Americans. Booker T. Washington thought they should go to vocational schools to get better jobs. W.E.B. Du Bois thought university education was more important. Marcus Garvey believed that African Americans should move to Africa to have a country of their own. During the Great Migration, from the 1910s to the 1960s, African Americans moved from the south to cities in the north and west. At the beginning, only 10% of African Americans lived outside the south, but by the end, 47% lived in the north and west. Segregation also existed in the north. Redlining stopped people who lived in African American neighborhoods from buying homes. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement called for equality between African Americans and whites. The 1954 Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education banned racial segregation in schools. Many Southern schools still stopped black students from attending, until 1957, when federal troops forced a school in Little Rock, Arkansas to allow black students (called the Little Rock Nine). In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus. This started the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which involved Martin Luther King. King and Malcolm X were two leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, but they were both killed in the 1960s. In 1964, the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination based on race. Racism against African Americans is still prevalent in 2020. In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, George Floyd was killed by a white police officer. Black Lives Matter is a movement which started in 2013. Language and society With their American born children came the first generation of English speaking African Americans. But this development was not the same all over the country. For example; even today the Gullah of the Sea Islands off the Carolina and Georgia coasts still speak a language that is a blend of several African languages. They are the descendants of slaves from different countries in Africa. In the United States when Americans say African-American or Black, they are referring to the same people. Both terms describe an ethnic group that came to exist in the United States. The Africans who were brought to America as slaves were from different nationalities and did not all speak the same language. They became a new blended ethnic group with a new language that was not their own: English. Blacks used to be segregated in schools but since the 1960s were able to join major schools, colleges and universities. In the second half of the 20th century, reading-ability rates for blacks increased. Culture African Americans have influenced various forms of music, including Hip hop, R&B, funk, rock and roll, soul, blues, and other contemporary American musical forms while older black forms of music included blues, doo-wop, barbershop, ragtime, bluegrass, jazz, and gospel music. Michael Jackson, an African-American pop singer, released an album called Thriller in 1982 which is the best-selling album of all time. In the nineties Beyonce Knowles became famous as the lead singer of the R&B girl band Destiny's Child. In the 2000s she started releasing music on her own. Her first album Dangerously in Love sold 11 million copies and won five Grammy Awards. Black culture has been the subject of documentaries. For example, the award-winning Black Is, Black Ain't explores black identity. Good Hair discusses the significance of having 'good hair' for black women in American culture. There is a National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington D.C. Protestant Christianity is the most practised religion by African Americans. Soul food is a cuisine eaten by African Americans in the South. Fried chicken, mac and cheese, cornbread, collard greens and candied yams is typical soul food. Kwanzaa and Juneteenth are popular African American holidays. Racism and issues African Americans are more likely to experience racism. African American males are more likely to be killed by police, which resulted in the Black Lives Matter movement. African Americans are more likely to die from diseases like COVID-19, HIV, obesity and diabetes. African Americans still suffer from poverty and unemployment. African Americans are more likely to eat fast food. Heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and homicide is the main causes of death for African Americans. The suicide rate for African Americans increased due to racism, police brutality and the COVID-19 pandemic. Related pages African American Vernacular English Black people References Notes
Saloth Sar (better known as Pol Pot; January 25, 1925 – April 15, 1998) was the leader of Cambodia between 1975 and 1979. He was the leader of a group called the Khmer Rouge, a group of peasant revolutionaries who turned Cambodia into a military dictatorship officially called Democratic Kampuchea. Between 1.7 and 2.2 million Cambodians were killed by his regime. Pol Pot was thrown out of power in January, 1979, when the Vietnamese communists liberated Kampuchea. Before the war Pol Pot's family was a good family, and really connected with the royal family. His brother, Loth Suong, was a palace clerk, and his cousin was a wife to Prince Sisowat Monivong and had a son named Kossarak. His connection helped him get a scholarship to France. His father's name was Pen Saloth and his mother's name was Sok Nem. Pol Pot had eight siblings. His family was thriving, but alone. Pol Pot's childhood was fairly normal. Pol Pot's real name is Saloth Sar. His birthday is either 1925 or May 25, 1928. He grew up in a nice place, and his village was about two miles from Kompong Thom's capital. Kompong Thom was a province of Cambodia. Back then, that part of Cambodia was part of France. In 1949, he went to France and studied about radio electronics, but got distracted and led astray because of Marxism, which is a form of communism. He didn't study, and his scholarship was taken away. In 1953, he went back to Cambodia and became a communist. The following year, Cambodia became free from France. Revolution In 1962, he became the leader of the Communist party in Cambodia. This party was hidden, as the prince, Prince Sihanouk, did not like Pol Pot nor the Communists. Pol Pot went to the jungle and created a guerrilla force called the Khmer Rouge (the Khmer are the main ethnic group in Cambodia, and rouge is French for "red", the colour of Communism). The Khmer Rouge was made of mostly teenagers. Guerilla means that they hid and ambushed people, rather than be visible and directly attack their enemies. They were the source of Pol Pot's power. In 1969-1973 the U.S. bombed Cambodian sanctuaries attempting to get rid of the North Vietnamese, but only drove them deeper into the country. The US also made it so that the peasants ran to cities. In 1970, the U.S. got rid of Prince Sihanouk and unknowingly made Pol Pot more popular. They also made Prince Sihanouk mad, and so he joined Pol Pot, but that alliance only gave Pol Pot an advantage. This created a whole lot of confusion, and only made Pol Pot even more popular. Government On April 17, 1975, Pol Pot went into Phnom Penh, the capital, and took control. He planned for a "super great leap forward", inspired by Mao's Great Leap Forward in China. The second in command, Noun Chea, also called Brother Number Two, said later that the mass killing was a mistake. Pol Pot took all the city people and drove them towards fields, where they worked incessantly. A lot of people died on the way to the fields. Even more died in the fields from hunger, thirst, overwork, and sickness. They would only get a 180-gram can of rice every day, and they were harvesting fruits and rice. Every tenth day was a rest day, and so were the festivals. The government took over anything that had to do with money. Religion was illegal. Teenagers had to be part of the army and children learned how to set mines and make traps. People getting together were not allowed. Only two people or less were allowed to see each other. Marriages were arranged, not because they loved each other, but because they were forced to. They had to marry in big groups. After the Vietnamese and underground Cambodian parties got Pol Pot out of power on 7 January 1979, he went to a zone near Thailand called Pailin and tried to get control of Cambodia again. Eventually the Khmer Rouge broke up in the early 1990s. Extent of the genocide Pol Pot was responsible for the Cambodian genocide, the systematic persecution and killing of Cambodians that the Khmer Rouge regarded as enemies. The genocide, coupled with malnutrition and poor medical care, killed between 1.5 and 2 million people, approximately a quarter of Cambodia's population. Death On the evening of April 15, 1998, just 2 days before anniversary of Khmer Rouge's takeover of Cambodia, on April 17, 1975, Pol Pot died of a possible heart attack, in the woods, never admitting that he did anything wrong to Cambodian people. However, some believe he killed himself with poison to avoid trial. On his death face, there were signs of suffering, with his one eye open. Pol Pot was cremated without any ceremony. Footnotes References Nguyen Thi Dieu. Pol Pot. World Book Advanced. World Book, 2012. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. FRONTLINE/WORLD. "Cambodia - Pol Pot's Shadow". The Story. PBS, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. The History Place, "Genocide in the 20th Century". The History Place, n.d. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. 1925 births 1998 deaths Cambodian people Former dictators
Events Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815). Semaphore is adopted by navies. The United Kingdom was founded (1801) World leaders Emperor Napoleon I (First French Empire) Emperor Francis II (Holy Roman Empire) Frederick William III of Prussia (Prussia) Pope Pius VII Tsar Paul I (Russia) Tsar Alexander I (Russia) King Charles IV (Spain) King George III, (United Kingdom) President John Adams (United States) President Thomas Jefferson (United States) Fath Ali Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia) Jiaqing Emperor of China (Qing Dynasty)
A sedan, or saloon, is an automobile that has a low trunk, a roof and one or two doors on each side. The trunk is reachable only from outside. The word sedan is used in American English, but in British English such an automobile is called a saloon. Automobile body styles
A convertible is a car with a roof that can be removed or folded down, but is often seen without a roof. A convertible usually has two doors, but convertibles with four doors can also be found. Some examples are Mazda MX-5, BMW Z4, Ferrari 458 Spyder, Mercedes-Benz SLK Class, etc. A convertible is a type of automobile of various automobile body styles that can convert from open-air (top-down or topless) mode to a provisionally enclosed (roofed or top-up) mode. Convertibles evolved from the earlier Phaeton, a similar vehicle without glass side windows that may or may not have had removable panels of fabric or other material instead to protect passengers from rain and cold, etc. A semi-convertible or cabrio coach is similar to a convertible and also has a retractable or removable top, but has fully framed windows on its side doors as opposed to a convertible's roll-down frameless windows that provide an even more open car driving experience. Roof designs have varied widely and have evolved from the earliest models, where roofs were demountable and/or detachable. Contemporary roofs are often hinged to fold away, either into a recess behind the rear seats or into the boot or trunk of the vehicle. The roof may operate either manually or automatically via hydraulic or electrical actuators, and the roof itself may be constructed of soft or rigid material. Soft-tops are made of vinyl, canvas or other textile material, while hard-tops are made of steel, aluminum, plastic, or other rigid materials. The majority of convertible cars are two door models, with markedly fewer four-door models. Convertibles may also be referred to as cabriolet, roadster, tourer or drophead coupé and the colloquial terms drop top and rag top are also used. Hard-top convertibles may be called coupé cabriolet, coupé convertible, retractable hardtop or, when equipped with two seats, coupé roadster/roadster coupé. Other websites Automobile body styles
Macy Gray (born Natalie Renee McIntyre on September 9, 1967) is an American singer and actress. She started her career after moving to Los Angeles in 2000. Gray is best known for her 1999 single, "I Try", which came off of her first album, On How Life Is. Discography Albums 1999: On How Life Is 2001: The Id 2003: The Trouble with Being Myself 2004: The Very Best of Macy Gray 2005: Live in Las Vegas 2007: Big 2010: The Sellout 2012: Covered 2012: Talking Book References Other websites Actors from Ohio African American actors African American musicians American movie actors American R&B singers American soul musicians American television actors American voice actors Brit Award winners Grammy Award winners People from Canton, Ohio Singers from Ohio 1967 births Living people
Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama movie starring Orson Welles in his first full-length movie. There are rumors that its story is based on the life of the famous businessmen William Randolph Hearst, Howard Hughes, and Samuel Insull. Welles said that his character, Kane, was based on more than one famous person. In F for Fake (1974), he said that Kane was going to be based on Hughes but that Welles became inspired by Hearst. Welles worked closely with his cinematographer, Gregg Toland, who was in charge of the camera and the lights. Together, they worked on a new style, "deep focus." Usually, if something close to the camera is in focus, everything that is far away is out of focus. In deep focus, every object is in focus at the same time. Its working title, before the movie was finished, was RKO 281. Many have called Citizen Kane the best movie of all time. In 1998, it was number one on the American Film Institute's list of 100 Years... 100 Movies. It is in some ways is like The Power and the Glory (1933). The last living crew member was director Robert Wise. Also known for making The Sound of Music (1965), he died on September 14, 2005. Other websites The American Film Institute's "100 Greatest Movies" list Original Trailer Greatest Films: Citizen Kane Essay on the use of mise-en-scene and cinematography RaveCentral: Citizen Kane 1941 movies 1940s drama movies American drama movies American mystery movies Cult movies Movies composed by Bernard Herrmann United States National Film Registry movies Movies directed by Orson Welles
Sedan can mean any of a few things: A sedan is a car body style The much older form of transport, the sedan chair, from which the name of the car body style is borrowed. Sedan, Ardennes, a sous-préfecture of the Ardennes département in France, where the Battle of Sedan occurred in 1870 Sedan, Kansas, a community in the United States Sedan, Minnesota, a community in the United States Sedan (nuclear test), an Operation Plowshare nuclear test conducted by the United States at its Nevada Test Site in 1962, which resulted in a massive crater.
The Nobel Prize in Physics is a Nobel Prize in the science of physics. Some famous winners are: Albert Einstein Werner Heisenberg Marie Curie Guglielmo Marconi Peter Higgs Enrico Fermi Ernest Lawrence Paul Dirac List of winners Related pages List of Nobel Prize winners by country List of Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry List of Nobel Prize winners in Economics List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine List of Nobel Prize winners in Literature List of Nobel Peace Prize winners References Other websites Official site of the Nobel Foundation Physics
Dynamite is an explosive invented by Alfred Nobel. Its main explosive component is nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin is very sensitive to movement. It explodes very easily, when moved. For this reason, it is absorbed into diatomaceous earth to make it less sensitive. Diatomaceous earth is a soft, sedimentary rock made of fossil diatoms. In dynamite, about one part of four is diatomaceous earth, the other three are nitroglycerin. A little sodium carbonate is added to stabilize the mixture. Even though the diatomaceous earth takes away some of the dangers of nitroglycerin, there are still problems because the mixture is not stable in damp environments. Water causes the nitroglycerin to leak away. The nitroglycerin can build up, and explode unexpectedly. For this reason, the formulation was changed. Instead of diatomaceous earth, gelignite was used to hold the nitroglycerin. Gelignite holds the nitroglycerin so that it cannot dissolve in water. Today, dynamite is not much used. It has been replaced by explosives based on ammonium nitrate which use gelignite. These explosives cost less to make and are easier to handle than dynamite. However, works of fiction still show people using dynamite. Explosives Tools Construction Demolition
Oliver & Company is a 1988 American animated musical movie. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 27th Disney animated movie. The movie is loosely based on the famous Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist. The novel has been adapted many other times for the screen and television. In the movie, Oliver is a homeless kitten who joins a gang of dogs to survive in the streets. Among other changes, the setting of the movie moved from 19th century London to modern-day New York City, Fagin's gang is made up of dogs (one of which is Dodger), and Sykes is a loan shark. Oliver & Company was released on November 18, 1988. This was the same day that The Land Before Time, another American animated movie, was released. Oliver & Company was a success at the box office, but received mixed reviews from movie critics. The movie was re-released in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom on March 29, 1996. It was then released on home video later that same year. It was released on DVD in 2002. It was re-released on DVD in 2009 as a 20th Anniversary Edition. A 25th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray of the movie was released in 2013. Plot Oliver, an orange orphan cat, is lost in New York City. A street-smart dog named Dodger finds him. Dodger tricks Oliver into getting some sausages for him (from a hot dog seller named Louie). Dodger leaves the cat behind and runs to the barge of his poor owner, Fagin. Inside the barge are four other dogs. They are Tito the chihuahua, Einstein the Great Dane, Rita the Afghan Hound, and the Francis the Bulldog. Oliver breaks in, and is questioned by the other dogs. He tells them that he followed Dodger because he wanted a fair share of the sausages. Dodger starts fighting with Tito. Francis and Einstein join the fight. Fagin breaks it up. Fagin is in trouble with a loan shark named Sykes, because he owes Sykes money. Sykes says that Fagin has to pay the money within three days. In order to get the money, Fagin, his dogs, and Oliver set out into the city streets the next day. While the poor man is unlucky trying to sell his useless stuff, the animals encounter a limousine that is driven by Winston, a butler. They put on an act to get his attention. After trying to take apart the limousine's dashboard, Tito gets "barbecued". Oliver is tangled up in the wires nearby. Jenny, a little girl who Winston is taking care of while her parents are away on a trip, decides to adopt Oliver. She takes him home at Fifth Avenue. She promises that they will be "good company" forever. The next morning, Fagin's dogs break into the family's house in order to get Oliver back to their barge. This upsets the family's pet poodle, Georgette. However, she lets them take Oliver. When they arrive back at the barge, Oliver explains that he misses Jenny. This upsets Dodger, because he feels like Oliver does not care about being in their gang anymore. Fagin, however, realizes that Oliver is his best hope, because of the gold tag on his collar. Fagin writes a random note to the "very rich cat owner person" at Oliver's address in hopes of getting Sykes's money on time. Jenny reads the note after she comes home from school. She and Georgette go to the docks to get Oliver back. Jenny gets him back, thanks to Fagin. However, Sykes kidnaps her for the sake of the ransom that Fagin has to pay within 12 hours. Fagin and his dogs manage to save both Jenny and Oliver from the wrath of Sykes and his Dobermans, Roscoe and DeSoto. The next day, Jenny celebrates her birthday with Oliver, Fagin, the dogs, and Winston. In the end, Oliver decides to stay with Jenny. Dodger promises him a special place in the gang, as "vice president". Dodger and the gang all return home with Fagin. Cast Joey Lawrence as Oliver Billy Joel as Dodger Natalie Gregory as Jennifer "Jenny" Foxworth Dom DeLuise as Fagin Cheech Marin as Ignacio Alanzo Julio Fredrico De Tito Bette Midler as Georgette Robert Loggia as Sykes Richard Mulligan as Einstein Roscoe Lee Browne as Francis Sheryl Lee Ralph as Rita William Glover as Winston Taurean Blacque as Roscoe Carl Weintraub as DeSoto Frank Welker as Louie Production For Oliver & Company, Disney invested $15 million into a long-term computer system called Computer Animation Production System, otherwise known as CAPS. Unlike The Black Cauldron and The Great Mouse Detective, which used computer imagery for special sequences, 11 minutes of Oliver & Company were computer-generated such as the skyscrapers, the taxi cabs, trains, Fagin's scooter-cart, and the climactic subway chase. Soundtrack The instrumental score for Oliver & Company was composed by J. A. C. Redford. The movie's music was supervised by Carole Childs. The first song heard in the movie, "Once Upon a Time in New York City", was written by lyricist Howard Ashman. Billy Joel, in addition to voicing Dodger, performed the character's song in the movie. The track list below represents the 1996 re-release of the Oliver & Company soundtrack. The original 1988 release had the same songs, but with the instrumental cues placed in between the songs in the order in which they appeared in the movie. Using the numbering system in the list below, the order the tracks on the 1988 release would be: 1, 2, 6, 7, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11. 1996 soundtrack listing Once Upon a Time in New York City - Huey Lewis; written by Barry Mann (music) and Howard Ashman (lyrics) Why Should I Worry? - Billy Joel; written by Dan Hartman and Charlie Midnight Streets of Gold - Ruth Pointer ; written by Dean Pitchford and Tom Snow Perfect Isn't Easy - Bette Midler ; written by Barry Manilow, Jack Feldman, and Bruce Sussman Good Company - Myhanh Tran ; written by Ron Rocha and Robert Minkoff Sykes (instrumental) Bedtime Story (instrumental) The Rescue (instrumental) Pursuit Through The Subway (instrumental) Buscando Guayaba - Rubén Blades End Title (instrumental) Awards Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "Why Should I Worry?" (Nominated) Young Artist Award for Best Family Feature Film - Animation (Nominated) Golden Reel Awards for Best Sound Editing (Won) Revival On April 2, 2021, Paramount Pictures announced work on a hand-drawn animation movie with Paramount Animation producing, titled Oliver & Jenny. It is unknown if the film is still in production, but it is highly unlikely. References Other websites 1988 movies American family movies American musical movies Disney animated movies English-language movies Movies about animals Movies based on books by Charles Dickens Movies set in New York City
Vincent Thomas Lombardi (June 11, 1913, in Brooklyn, New York, USA–September 3, 1970) was an American football coach that never had a losing season. Lombardi was named NFL Man of the Decade in the 1960s, and won five NFL championships, including winning the first two Super Bowls. The yearly trophy given to the Super Bowl champion was renamed the Vince Lombardi Trophy (right) in 1971, the same year Lombardi was named to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He was head coach of the Green Bay Packers and the Washington Redskins. Other websites Official Vince Lombardi website Vince Lombardi information from the Pro Football Hall of Fame website National Football League coaches Sportspeople from New York City 1913 births 1970 deaths
Guano is the excrement of bats and birds. This excrement is exceptionally high in nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, three nutrients which are essential for plant growth. Therefore, it is often used as fertilizer, to make plants grow more quickly. Related pages Uric acid Physiology Biochemistry
Events French Revolution Supreme Court of the United States meets for first time. Whiskey Rebellion in the United States. World leaders King Louis XVI (France) Maximilien Robespierre (France) King George III (Great Britain) Emperor Leopold II (Holy Roman Empire) Emperor Francis II (Holy Roman Empire) Frederick William II of Prussia, King of Prussia Emperor Kangxi (China) Pope Pius VI Empress Catherine II (Russia) Emperor Paul (Russia) King Charles IV (Spain) President George Washington (United States) President John Adams (United States) Shahs of Persia (Zand dynasty and Qajar dynasty) Lotf Ali Khan, 1789–1794 Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, 1796–1797 Fath Ali Shah, 1797–1834 Births Jean-François Champollion, French Egyptologist (1790) Samuel Morse, American inventor (1791) Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican general and President of Mexico (1794) Deaths Benjamin Franklin, American scientist and statesman (1790) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (1791) George Washington, first President of the United States (1799)
The triple point of any substance is the combination of temperature and pressure at which it exists in its solid, liquid, and gaseous state all at once, in equilibrium. The temperature of the triple point of water is a commonly used physical constant which is used to define temperature scales and calibrate temperature-measuring systems. By definition, the temperature of the triple point of water is 273.16 Kelvin, or 0.01°C at a pressure of 611.5 Pa (less than 1% of atmospheric pressure). One degree Celsius is defined as 1/273.16th part of the triple point of water. This fixes the temperature scale as defined in the ITS 90, which is the international temperature scale of 1990. This scale is developed as a practical approximation of the thermodynamical temperature scale. Chemistry Thermodynamics
Frequency is how often an event repeats itself over a set amount of time. In physics, the frequency of a wave is the number of wave crests that pass a point in one second (a wave crest is the peak of the wave). Hertz (symbol Hz) is the unit of frequency. The relationship between frequency and wavelength is expressed by the formula: where v is speed and (lambda) is wavelength. The formula for the frequency of light waves is where the c is the speed of light. All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum but they travel at slower speeds when they travel through a medium that is not a vacuum. Other waves, such as sound waves, travel at much much lower speeds and can not travel through a vacuum. Examples of electromagnetic waves are: light waves, radio waves, infrared radiation, microwaves, and gamma waves. Visualizing electromagnetic waves Different types of electromagnetic waves have different frequencies. Example One way to visualize this is if there were two trains traveling at the same speed, but the size of the train cars was smaller on one train than the other. If someone picked something that was not moving, like a signpost, and then counted how many train cars passed the sign post in one second for each train, they would know the frequency of cars passing in each train. The number and frequency of train cars passing the sign post would be different, because the train with smaller train cars would have more train cars passing the sign post in a second than the train with larger train cars. Knowing how many cars passed the sign post in one second, and knowing the speed of the train, one could figure out mathematically the size of each train car for each train. For example, if the train was moving at 10 miles per second, and 10 train cars passed in one second, then each train car would be 1 mile long. If the other train was also moving at 10 miles per second and 20 train cars passed in one second, then one would know that each train car was 1/2 of a mile long for that train. This example shows that knowing the frequency of an electromagnetic wave gives you the wavelength, since all electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light so that c = v (lambda) where v is frequency and lambda is wavelength, and c is the speed of light. Therefore, another way of expressing frequency is to say frequency is c over lambda. References Physical quantity Basic physics ideas Wave physics Mechanical vibrations
A hockey stick is a long, wooden pole used to push, pass, or shoot in the sports of ice hockey and field hockey. The art of developing ice hockey sticks is a complex science and has become big business. Ice hockey sticks are mostly made of composite materials and they have different "flexes", meaning some sticks are more flexible than others. In ice hockey, the end or blade of the stick is normally curved, to help the player get better control of the puck and better shots at the goaltender. The goaltender has a bigger blade, to make it easier to stop shots. Players sometimes use hockey sticks to hold back the bodies of other players, or to trip or hit them; sometimes players who do this get penalties. In field hockey, sticks are shorter, but the blade is thicker, than in ice hockey. It is used to move a ball instead of a puck. More research has gone into studying how hockey sticks perform. The main difference between the two sticks is how they are used in the games. All the players in both ice and field hockey use hockey sticks. References Sports equipment Hockey
Calvin Cordozar Broadus Jr. (born October 20, 1971), known professionally as Snoop Dogg, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor. Early life The reason why he is called "Snoop Dogg" is because his mother nicknamed him after a character called "Snoopy", because Snoop Dogg was a fan of the Peanuts cartoon, which has the Snoopy character. Musical career 2012–2013: Reincarnated In 2012, Snoop Dogg went to Jamaica. He studied the Rastafari movement. He changed his name to Snoop Lion, after the Lion of Judah. This is a name from the tribe of Judah. It is sometimes used to describe Haile Selassie, who is worshipped by Rastafarians. His 2013 album, Reincarnated, is his first reggae music album. Discography Studio albums Doggystyle (1993) Tha Doggfather (1996) Da Game Is to Be Sold, Not to Be Told (1998) No Limit Top Dogg (1999) Tha Last Meal (2000) Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss (2002) R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece (2004) Tha Blue Carpet Treatment (2006) Ego Trippin' (2008) Malice n Wonderland (2009) Doggumentary (2011) Reincarnated (2013) Bush (2015) Coolaid (2016) Neva Left (2017) Bible of Love (2018) I Wanna Thank Me (2019) From tha Streets 2 tha Suites (2021) The Algorithm (2021) Collaboration albums Snoop Dogg presents Tha Eastsidaz with Tha Eastsidaz (2000) Duces 'n Trayz: The Old Fashioned Way with Tha Eastsidaz (2001) The Hard Way with 213 (2004) Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa (2011) 7 Days of Funk with 7 Days of Funk (2013) Royal Fam with Tha Broadus Boyz (2013) Cuzznz with Daz Dillinger (2016) Filmography References Notes Citations Other websites Snoopdog TV on YouTube 1971 births Living people Actors from Long Beach, California African-American movie actors African American movie producers African American musicians African-American television actors Rap musicians from California American television producers People from Long Beach, California Singers from Los Angeles County, California Gangsta rappers Twitch (service) streamers
The Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni) is a subspecies of the tiger that was discovered in 2004. People used to think they were Indo-Chinese tigers, But now they have their own subspecies. They have the same length and weight as the Indo-Chinese tiger. They live in southern Malaysia and they are an endangered species. Related pages Bali tiger Bengal tiger Caspian tiger Indochinese tiger Javan tiger Ngandong tiger Siberian tiger Sumatran tiger South China tiger Trinil tiger Wanhsien tiger Tigers Endangered species
The Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) is an extinct sub species of the tiger. It was the most western sub species of the tiger, very close to Europe. They became extinct in the 1970s. They were found in Turkey, Armenia, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Iran, Mongolia, and Georgia. Recent research by scientists looking at the tiger's DNA, have found that it is almost identical to the Siberian tiger. They now believe that the two species of tiger may not have become separate until the 1900s. Description The Caspian tiger was the second largest of the tiger species. It had a bigger, muscular body, with longer strong legs. It had large paws and more claws. It had small, short ears. The color was different from other tiger subspecies, with yellow to gold fur with light to dark brown stripes. The chest and stomach area are white with yellow stripes. In winter it grew longer fur. It was the furriest of all the tiger subspecies. References Tigers Mammals of Pakistan Extinct species
A string instrument is a musical instrument that makes sound by vibrating the strings on it. The strings are plucked to produce sounds. Each string has a different frequency. The desired frequency can be obtained by adjusting the tension on the string. A string instrument plays soft notes. The strings on the instrument usually come in many shapes and forms. There are many types of stringed instruments. The most common of these appear in the violin family. The violin is a small, stringed instrument played with a bow, usually made of horse's hair. When the bow is drawn across the strings it creates a vibration. You can select what vibration the bow makes by choosing the note on the fingerboard. It is tuned to G, D, A and E. The viola is a very similar instrument aside from some small differences - it is slightly larger, and is tuned to C, G, D, and A. The cello is a stringed instrument that is played in the bass clef. It is much bigger than the violin, and is also played much differently. The double-bass is bigger still and is the lowest of them all. There are also plucked strings, the most famous of which would probably be the guitar. The guitar uses a fret board and a pick to pluck the strings while holding down on the fret board. It was made famous by rock groups like Led Zeppelin and artists like Eric Clapton. You play by strumming with one hand while choosing notes on the fret-board (string board) with the other. Banjos are also very similar. Here is a very basic list of some of the most common stringed instruments: Guitar Ukulele Violin Viola Cello String bass Harp Related pages Musical instrument
Yankee Doodle Dandy is a 1942 biographical musical movie. It starred James Cagney as George M. Cohan. Other websites 1942 movies American musical movies American biographical movies United States National Film Registry movies English-language movies Movies directed by Michael Curtiz
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner is a 1967 American comedy-drama movie, starring Spencer Tracy (in his final film role), Katharine Hepburn, Sidney Poitier and Katharine Houghton. It centers around what happens between a young white woman and her parents, after she falls in love with a black man in San Francisco. Other websites 1967 comedy movies 1967 drama movies 1960s comedy-drama movies American comedy-drama movies Columbia Pictures movies English-language movies Movies about interracial romance Movies set in San Francisco American romantic comedy movies American romantic drama movies Movies directed by Stanley Kramer
Bringing Up Baby is a 1938 American comedy movie starring Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn and directed by Howard Hawks. It is set in Connecticut. Other websites 1938 movies 1930s comedy movies 1930s romance movies American comedy movies English-language movies Movies set in Connecticut United States National Film Registry movies Movies directed by Howard Hawks
The Searchers is a 1956 epic western movie set in Texas in the 1860s. it is directed by John Ford and starring John Wayne, about a man looking for his niece who was taken by Native Americans. It is also one of the movies that influenced Star Wars. Other websites 1956 movies American western movies English-language movies Movies set in Texas Movies set in the 19th century United States National Film Registry movies 1950s western movies Movies directed by John Ford
Goodfellas is a 1990 American biographical crime movie directed by Martin Scorsese. It is about life in the Mafia. It gained six nominations for Oscars. It won one (for Joe Pesci's role). Many people thought the movie was great. It is set in New York City. The movie is based on the life of mafioso Henry Hill (1943-2012) from 1955 - 1980. Goodfellas uses information from New York crime reporter Nicholas Pileggi's book Wiseguy. Scorsese and Pileggi worked together to write the movie. Goodfellas was first shown at the 1990 Venice Film Festival. Scorsese received the Silver Lion award for Best Director. Director David Chase said the movie made him want to make the HBO television series The Sopranos. Cast Awards References Other websites 1990 crime movies 1990 drama movies 1990s biographical movies 1990s crime drama movies Academy Award winning movies American biographical movies American crime drama movies American gangster movies BAFTA Award winning movies English-language movies Mafia Movies directed by Martin Scorsese Movies set in New York City Movies set in the 1950s Movies set in the 1960s Movies set in the 1970s Movies set in the 1980s United States National Film Registry movies
A soldier is a person who is a part of an army. Soldiers have existed for many years, dating back to ancient times. If people fight in irregular (not normal forces) armies not wearing a uniform, and not part of the official military (fighting group of a nation), they are called partisans if they fight against another nation's army, or terrorists, if they fight civilians. Partisans and terrorists are less protected by the laws of war than soldiers. Soldiers can be volunteers or conscripts. A conscript is a person who has been forced to become a soldier and fight. In countries such as Switzerland, Israel, and Finland, men are conscripted for a few months once they become legal adults. There are many different kinds of soldiers, and the term to describe them changes depending on their job and part of the military they serve in. For example, soldiers that serve in the navy can be called sailors or seamen. Military ranks
The Yellowstone River is a river in the northwestern part of the United States. It is a tributary of the Missouri River and flows through the states of Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota. It also flows through Yellowstone National Park and feeds Yellowstone Lake. The Yellowstone River was first explored in 1806 by William Clark during the return trip of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Rivers of Montana Rivers of North Dakota Rivers of Wyoming
A toy is something to play with. Toys are for children, adults, and animals. Before 1970, most toys were made of metal and wood. Now, they are mostly made of plastic. Sometimes they are made of electronic material. Some people also consider video games toys. Toys include balls, plastic cars, and dolls. They also can be sex related products. Toys originated many years ago. Dolls of infants, animals, and soldiers and toy tools are found in archaeological places. The origin of the word "toy" is not known. However, it is thought that it was first used in the 14th century. The earliest toys were made from rocks, sticks or clay. In Ancient Egypt, children played with dolls made of clay and sticks. In Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, children played with dolls made of wax or terracotta, sticks, bows and arrows, and yo-yos. Later these developmental games were used in creation of indoor playsets for homes. When Greek children, especially girls became adults, it was required to sacrifice the toys to the gods. On the eve of their wedding, young girls around fourteen would offer their dolls in a temple as a rite of passage into adulthood. Gallery References
A unicorn is a legendary and mythical creature. It looks like a pony with one long, single and white horn on its head. The word unicorn means literally "one-horn". It comes from the Latin word ūnus, which means one, and cornu which means horn, which term is in itself borrowed from the earlier Greek word monokerōs (also 'one horned'). Unicorns are found in many stories and myths from different parts of the world, especially China and India. Its blood and horn usually have mystical powers. In Western culture, its horn is said to have power (often called alicorn in medieval literature) to heal wounds and sickness, and to neutralize poison. In mythology and heraldry unicorn symbolizes innocence, purity and feminine power. It is often seen as the counterpart of lion, which symbolizes the masculine virtues. The unicorn is the official animal of Scotland. In some pictures unicorns also have horses feet or a lion's tail. A Narwhal is an animal that is about 8 feet long. They live in the water around Canada and Greenland. Narwhal’s horns were said to be the horns of unicorns by some. People would sell the horn of a narwhal to others and say it was a horn of a unicorn. Christian legends say the Unicorn is as small as a normal sized goat. They are so fearful that no hunter can catch them. Only a maiden that goes into the forest alone can catch a unicorn. The unicorn will come and fall asleep in the maiden’s lap. Around the time of the Middle Ages, some stories of unicorns became more popular. People bought what were said to be the horns of a unicorn at very high prices. They were mostly a tusk of a walrus or a horn from a narwhal. The term unicorn is also used in business to refer to a business startup valued at a billion dollars or more. Real animals Unicorns in history In On the Nature of Animals (Περὶ Ζῴων Ἰδιότητος, De natura animalium), Aelian, quoting Ctesias, adds that India has also a one-horned horse (iii. 41; iv. 52), and says (xvi. 20) that the monoceros () was sometimes called cartazonos (), which may be a kind of the Arabic karkadann, meaning "rhinoceros". References Sources Lindahl, Carl. "Unicorn." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. SuperScience: Mythical Creatures Revealed. Scholastic, May 2006. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. <http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=11851 >. Legendary creatures
Radium is a chemical element with the atomic number 88 and symbol Ra on the periodic table. It was discovered by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie in the form of radium chloride in 1898. It is an almost pure-white alkaline earth metal, but when it is exposed to nitrogen, it turns black quickly. All isotopes of radium are radioactive, and it glows faint blue because of this. It's used in several things, like luminous watches, which are now banned because they can cause radiation poisoning. This was caused because of a lawsuit that involved 5 women ( radium Girls ) that suffered from many disabilities because of the prolonged exposure they had to the element radium. It can also be used in treating cancer. References Alkaline earth metals
Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh. It is also the largest city of Bangladesh and the most polluted and unhygienic city of the world. In 2011, 8,906,039 people lived there. In 2020 estimated at 21,005,860 live in the Greater Dhaka area. Dhaka has grown by 3,408,683 since 2015, which represents a 3.60% annual change. The city name was previously spelled Dacca. It is located just north of the Buriganga River, a channel of the Dhaleswari River, in the south-central part of the country. Dhaka is Bangladesh’s most populous city and is one of the largest metropolises in South Asia. Pop. (2001) city, 5,333,571; metro. area, 9,672,763; (2011) city, 7,033,075; metro. area, 14,543,124. It was part of the Mughal Empire of Hindustan and served as the capital of the empire twice. Once from 1608 to 1639 and once from 1660–1704. After that, it became a part of the British Raj. Then it became a part of Pakistan as part of the Partition of India on 15 August 1947. Bangladesh was then called East Pakistan, and Dacca (Dhaka) became provincial capital of East Pakistan. In 1971, the new nation of Bangladesh was created. Dhaka is home to Bangladesh Bank which is the country's central bank. Many multinational companies have offices in the city. The Dhaka Stock Exchange is one of the largest stock exchanges in South Asia. The Bangabhaban in Dhaka is the official residence and workplace of the President of Bangladesh. It is also home to the National Parliament House. There are 52 universities in Dhaka. Dhaka College was started in 1841, making it the oldest institution for higher education in the city. History Dhaka’s name is said to refer to the dhak tree, once common in the area, or to Dhakeshwari (“The Hidden Goddess”), whose shrine is located in the western part of the city. Although the city’s history can be traced to the 1st millennium CE, the city did not rise to prominence until the 17th century, when it served as the capital of the Muslim Mughal dynasty of Bengal province (1608–39 and 1660–1704). It was the center of a flourishing sea trade, attracting English, French, Armenian, Portuguese, and Dutch traders. Historic buildings of the Muslim period include Lal Bagh fort (1678) and its tomb of Bibi Pari (died 1684), wife of a governor of Bengal; the Bara Katra (great caravansary, a building historically used for sheltering caravans and other travelers; 1664); the Chhota Katra (small caravansary; 1663); and Husayni Dalan (a religious monument of the Shīʿite branch of Islam; 1642). Other 17th-century buildings include the Hindu Dhakeshwari temple and Tejgaon church, built by the Portuguese. With the removal of the provincial capital to Murshidabad (1704) and the weakening of the muslin industry, Dhaka entered a period of decline. It passed under British control in 1765 and was constituted a municipality in 1864, but it continued to lose prominence until it was designated the capital of Eastern Bengal and Assam province (1905–12). During the early 20th century Dhaka served as a commercial center and seat of learning. Following the end of British rule, when the region became a part of Pakistan, it was named the capital of East Bengal province (1947) and of East Pakistan (1956). Dhaka suffered heavy damage during the war of independence in 1971 but emerged as the capital of Bangladesh. Education It has one of the best schools for students to study in and it is a very educational city. Dhaka has the largest number of schools, colleges and universities of any Bangladeshi city. The education system is divided into 5 levels: Primary (from grades 1 to 6), Junior (from grades 6 to 8), Secondary (from grades 9 to 10), Higher Secondary (from grades 11 to 12) and tertiary.[98] The five years of Primary education concludes with a Primary School Completion (PSC) Examination, the three years of Junior education concludes with Junior School Certificate (JSC) Examination, and next two years of Secondary education concludes with a Secondary School Certificate (SSC) Examination. Students who pass this examination proceed to two years of Higher Secondary or intermediate training, which culminate in a Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) Examination.[98] Education is mainly offered in Bengali, but English is also widely taught and used. Many Muslim families send their children to attend part-time courses or even to pursue full-time religious education alongside other subjects, which is imparted in Bengali and Arabic in schools, colleges and madrasas.Dhaka College is the oldest institution for higher education in the city and among the earliest established in British India, founded in 1841. Since independence, Dhaka has seen the establishment of numerous public and private colleges and universities that offer undergraduate and graduate degrees as well as a variety of doctoral programmes. The Contemporary City Since its establishment as the capital city, the population, area, and social and economic diversity of Dhaka have grown tremendously. Together with its river port of Narayanganj, 10 miles (16 km) to the south, Dhaka now is one of the most densely industrialized regions in the country. Traditional products include jamdani (fine-quality muslin), embroidery, silk, and jewelry. Among the city’s major industries are jute processing and the manufacture of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, textiles, leather goods, ceramics, and electronics products. A strong export-oriented garment industry emerged in the late 20th century. The area around Dhaka consists of a level plain bounded by the Meghna, Padma (Ganges [Ganga]), and Jamuna (Brahmaputra) rivers. The plain is crossed by a network of streams and rivers, the chief being the Dhaleswari, Buriganga, and Sitalakhya. Important crops are rice, jute, sugarcane, and oilseeds; there is also some cattle farming. The city contains several universities, among which the University of Dhaka (1921), the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (1962), and Jahangirnagar University (1970) are prominent. Dhaka is also home to numerous government colleges, a nuclear-science training and research centre, the national library, a museum, and the national art gallery. In addition, the area includes the site of the ancient city of Vikramapura, former capital of the Pala rulers of Bengal (8th–12th century). Among Dhaka’s more recent buildings of note are the Star Mosque (Tara Masjid), built in the Mughal architectural style in the early 19th century with later renovations; Curzon Hall at the University of Dhaka, erected at the beginning of the 20th century, combining Mughal and European influences; and the National Assembly Building (Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban), designed by architect Louis I. Kahn and completed in 1982. Place to visit Ahsan Manzil Museum Lalbagh Fort National Parliament House Sonargaon Bangladesh National Museum Dhaka-Agartala Bus After years of negotiations, the Dhaka-Agartala bus was agreed upon on July 11, 2001. The bus connects Bangladesh with its eastern neighbor, the Indian state of Tripura. Tripura has a substantial Bengali population and indigenous peoples who have close commercial and cultural links with the people of eastern Bangladesh. Gallery References Other websites Dhaka in Banglapedia
Darwin is the territorial capital of the Northern Territory in Australia. The city has about 147,000 people living there. The city is named after Charles Darwin. A member of the crew of the ship that started a port there in 1839 named it Port Darwin in honor of Darwin, who had sailed on that same ship earlier. Most of Darwin has been built since 1974, when Cyclone Tracy ripped through and destroyed the city. Since then, the city has recovered. It is a very important port, because it is on the coast closest to Indonesia and the rest of Asia. Darwin also has a large military base. Darwin also has many Indigenous Australians living in the city, about 9.7% of the people. This is more than any other state capital in Australia. References Other websites Capital cities in Australia Cities in the Northern Territory
The Northern Territory is a territory of Australia. The capital city is Darwin. Other large towns in the Territory include Alice Springs, Katherine and Tenant Creek. The Northern Territory has large areas of desert. It has many important places such as Uluru, or Ayers Rock. The rock is sacred to the native people. Kakadu National Park is a World Heritage area. It has been lived in for more than 40,000 years. There are cave paintings, rock carvings and archaeological sites. These show the skills and way of life of the people who have lived there. The park has different ecosystems, including tidal flats, floodplains, lowlands and rocky gorges. It provides a place to live for a wide range of rare types of plants and animals. Floral Emblem The floral emblem of the Northern Territory is Sturt's Desert Rose, Gossypium sturtianum. The flower is also featured on the Territory's flag. It was named after explorer Charles Sturt who found the plant in creeks near the site of Broken Hill, New South Wales in 1844. The Fauna emblem is the Red Kangaroo. References
The Whiskey Rebellion was a rebellion against the federal government of the United States. Some farmers in western Pennsylvania rebelled against the United States government in 1794 because they believed that a new tax on whiskey was not fair. Selling whiskey was how people traded in western Pennsylvania, but farmers elsewhere did not need to sell whiskey. The United States had borrowed a large amount of money for the American Revolutionary War, and Alexander Hamilton offered the idea to try to pay the war debt. The government under George Washington, with advice from Alexander Hamilton, quickly stopped the rebellion. Washington and Hamilton wanted to ensure that no one would question the power of the federal government and so Washington himself led almost 13,000 troops to stop the rebellion of a few hundred farmers. The rebels went home before the army arrived. The new federal government became more solid and the president more powerful. Numerous examples of resistance are recorded in court documents and newspaper accounts. That is the only time in American history that a president has led the army by himself. References 1794 18th century rebellions Whisky 1790s in Pennsylvania
Saginaw is a city in mid-Michigan, United States. It had about 70,000 people in the city as of the 2000 census. It is very cold there in the winter. It is near Bay City, Michigan. Cities in Michigan County seats in Michigan
Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (; born July 3, 1962), widely known as Tom Cruise, is an American movie actor and producer. He has starred in many movies, including War of the Worlds and Jerry Maguire. He is one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood. His first movie was Endless Love. His first leading role was in the movie Risky Business. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards. These were for the same movies: Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Jerry Maguire (1996), Magnolia (1999). Early life Tom Cruise was born in Syracuse, New York. He is the son of Mary Lee, a special education teacher, and Thomas Cruise Mapother III (died 1984), an electrical engineer. Cruise has three sisters, Lee Anne, Marian, and Cass. Cruise's surname originates from his great-grandfather, born Thomas Cruise O'Mara, who was renamed "Thomas Cruise Mapother" (Mapother is a Welsh surname). Cruise is of Irish, German and English ancestry. One of his paternal great-great-great-grandfathers, Patrick Russell Cruise, was born in North County Dublin, in 1799; he married Teresa Johnson in Warrenstown House, County Meath, in 1825. They left Ireland for America that same year and settled in New York. Personal life Cruise is a Scientologist. He is one of the most famous members of the organization. Cruise has an adopted daughter and adopted son with his second wife Nicole Kidman. He has a daughter Suri (born April 2006), by Katie Holmes. He and Holmes married in November 2006 and separated in 2012. References Other websites Actors from New York American movie actors American movie producers People from Syracuse, New York Scientologists 1962 births Living people
Orgy is an American alternative metal band. They formed in 1997 in Los Angeles, California. The band's first hit was Blue Monday, which was a remake of a song by 1980s band New Order. The members of the band are: Jay Gordon - singer Bobby Hewitt - drummer Ryan Shuck - guitarist Amir Derakh - guitar, synthesizer player Paige Haley - bass player American heavy metal bands Musical groups from Los Angeles Alternative metal bands
A magazine is a type of book people read. Magazines are not like regular books. This is because a new version of the magazine is printed many times each year. Magazines are a type of periodical. They are called periodicals because versions are published at a fixed frequency. Magazines are printed on paper. People usually need to subscribe to them. An example of a magazine is Time. There are magazines about many things. Magazines are similar to newspapers, but usually the time between new versions is longer. Each one costs more money, and many are in color on every page. Also, sometimes magazines come with little gifts to reward the readers who buy it. References
A zombie is a mythical dead person who has returned to life as a walking corpse. Mythical things that have been "re-animated" are called undead, or the living dead. The zombie myth came from the Caribbean. Voodoo zombies In Haiti people believe that Voodoo sorcerers or 'bokor' can bring dead people back to life, making a zombie. The zombie is under the control of the sorcerer because zombies have no free will. It's believed a zombie is a trapped human soul. If a sorcerer can catch the trapped soul, the sorcerer becomes more powerful. Studies on Haitian zombies Wade Davis wrote about zombies in two books, The Serpent and the Rainbow (1985) and Passage of Darkness: The Ethnobiology of the Haitian Zombie (1988). Davis went to Haiti in 1982 and wrote about how a living person can be turned into a zombie by two special powders being rubbed into a wound. The first powder brings a 'deathlike' state because of a certain poison in it, called tetrodotoxin (the same deadly poison found in the Japanese blowfish). At just the right amount, it can make a person almost die, but not quite. The second powder puts the person in a zombie-like state where they seem to have no free will of their own. Many people outside Haiti do not believe what Davis wrote about, but in Haiti, lots of people believe in the "zombie drugs". Zombies in history Ancient civilizations In Mesopotamian mythology, Ishtar, the goddess of love and fertility once said in anger: "Father give me the Bull of Heaven, So he can kill Gilgamesh in his delling. If you do not give me the Bull of Heaven, I will knock down the Gates of the Netherworld, I will smash the doorposts, and leave the doors flat down, and will let the dead go up to eat the living! And the dead will outnumber the living!" Middle Ages In the Middle Ages, many people believed that the souls of the dead could come back as ghosts and haunt the living, often because of a crime that the living person had committed. Sometimes, the ghost could actually take on a physical shape and touch or attack things or people they can be very dangerous Zombies in fiction Zombies can walk, think (in some cases), and attack living persons. Most zombies eat the brains of living humans. In zombies, the heart, lungs, and a small part of their brain still work. They may react to their environment, but they do not have consciousness. Zombies can use their skeleton and muscles to move. The skin is rotten. Its hair and nails are falling off. Zombies are usually covered in blood. They often have open wounds and are dressed in ripped clothes. Zombies appear a lot in horror and fantasy films. Normally, the zombie is a mindless, clumsy corpse which eats human flesh. Zombies can not be called cannibals because they do not eat each other, only living humans. The first zombie stories appeared in the 1600s. Since that time, zombies have appeared in lots of books and films. They have become more popular in modern media, such as Capcom's Resident Evil series and AMC's The Walking Dead. Characteristics In zombie movies, zombies are almost always: Mobile (able to move) but technically dead, without a heartbeat or other vital signs In a decaying (rotting) state, with discolored skin and eyes Non-communicative (groaning and howling instead of speaking) Unemotional, with no mercy toward victims Hungry for human flesh (zombies usually ignore animals) Clumsy and violent Vulnerable to destruction of the brain (which kills them). Unaffected by injuries, even normally fatal ones, as long as the brain isn't damaged badly. Contagious: a person that is bitten by a zombie will become a zombie Extremely persistent Related pages List of zombie movies Ghost Ghoul stories Monsters Superstitions
There is also the alternative metal band Orgy (band). In common use, an orgy is when more than two people have sex together, sometimes also called group sex. This dates back to prehistoric ages, recorded in many ancient civilizations. Orgy could also mean any activity done without limits. Originally, the word comes from Latin. There it referred to a feast (or a banquet) of a rich citizen. When the Romans ate they were almost lying down, and the food was brought to them by slaves. These slaves would also provide the entertainment which usually consisted of music and dancing slaves. Sexuality Human sexuality
A Labradoodle is a mixed-breed dog, created by breeding a Labrador Retriever with a Poodle. Labradoodles are now bred worldwide. Labradoodles are not a considered an official dog breed by most dog expert organizations, such as the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI). The American Kennel Club (AKC )has now created the 'Canine Partners" category to include the Labradoodle and other hybrid breeds for agility and other competitions. History The Labradoodle has a very short but interesting history. The labradoodle originated during the mid-to-late 1980s. A vision-impaired woman needed a good service dog that would not give her husband an allergic reaction. Ms. Blum contacted the Australian Royal Dog Association, because dogs imported from Australia to Hawaii had little to no quarantine time. (Quarantine time is when they isolate an animal from other living things to make sure they don't have any disease) Coat and saliva samples from more than thirty poodles were sent from Australia to Blum's doctor. Unfortunately, Mr. Blum was allergic to all of the samples. Wally Conron, who worked for Australia’s Royal Guide Association's breeding program, suggested crossing a Labrador retriever and a Standard Poodle and see if one didn't trigger Mr. Blum's symptoms. Conron tried the test cross with a Standard Poodle named "Harley" and a Labrador retriever named "Brandy.” Harley and Brandy had a litter of three puppies. Coat and saliva samples from the puppy's coats were sent to Hawaii. This time, Mr. Blum wasn't allergic to one of them. The puppy also had a good temperament and was very friendly. Conron named the puppy "Sultan". Conron trained Sultan for eighteen months until he was ready to be a good service dog. Sultan was then shipped to his new home. Sultan is the first labradoodle on record. Temperament Labradoodles, like their ancestor, the Labrador retriever, have a friendly, affectionate, loyal disposition which makes them good service dogs and great family pets. Labradoodles are also known for their intelligence. Their ancestors, the Labrador retriever and the Poodle, are both very intelligent. The Labrador retriever is very eager to please and loyal. Labradoodles are also very good around children, and are also very outgoing and self-confident. However, Labradoodles can sometimes get too excited around other dogs. When a Labradoodle runs over to a less sociable dog, the dog might become scared and irritable. Labradoodles should be trained early to have a respect for other animals. Overall, though, Labradoodles have a fantastic temperament. Appearance/Coat There are mainly three different coat types in a labradoode: fleece, wool, and hair. The fleece coat is usually wavy and long and has a silky feel to it. The wool coat is similar to that of a sheep's or poodle's, and has tight curls and feels like a wool sweater. The hair coat is straight or slightly and has a wispy look to it. This type of coat is not as allergy friendly, but most people with allergies will be able to tolerate it. Labradoodles come in almost any coat. The labradoodle can also have what is called "parti" which is when it is a combination of two different colors like an apricot body and then white patches mainly on the feet and chest. Health Generally, Labradoodles are usually quite healthy. They have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years. Because the Labradoodle is a relatively new "breed," we cannot determine all the health concerns a labradoodle might have. Heath concerns that we do know of originate from their ancestors. Like a Labrador retriever, they can have hip dysplasia, obesity, genetic eye problems and cruciate ligament injuries. Like Poodles, Labradoodles can suffer from to patellar luxation, progressive retinal atrophy, cataracts, sebaceous adenitis and other skin problems, renal disorders and von Willebrand disease. Labradoodles have been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Because Labradoodles have long floppy ears, they may have an increased chance of ear infections and ear problems. Other websites Labradoodle Association of Australia website St.Clair Labradoodle Kennels Labradoodle Puppies for sale USA Australian Labradoodles Dog breeds
Heilongjiang is the northeastern-most province in China. It is considered to part of the region known as Manchuria. It is bordered by Russia on the north and east. To the south is Jilin province, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region lies to the west. The capital and largest city is Harbin. There had been a considerable foreign population in the region, particularly in Harbin, first by the Russians in the late 19th century, and then by the Japanese in the 20th century. The land is largely of plains and rolling hills, with relatively few low mountainous areas. The climate is fairly dry with quite cold winters. There are some famous winter "ice festivals" with elaborate snow and ice sculptures. Political divisions Heilongjiang Province is divided into 12 municipalities and 1 prefecture. Harbin Municipality Daqing Municipality Hegang Municipality Heihe Municipality Jiamusi Municipality Jixi Municipality Mudanjiang Municipality Qiqihar Municipality Qitaihe Municipality Shuangyashan Municipality Suihua Municipality Yichun Municipality Daxing'anling Prefecture Provinces of China
Jilin is one of 3 provinces in the far northeastern part of China, also known as Manchuria. It is bordered on the north by Heilongjiang province, to the west by the "Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region", and to the southwest by Liaoning province. To the southeast lies North Korea. The capital city of Jilin is Changchun (meaning "long spring"). The terrain and climate are much like that of neighboring Heilongjiang province. Also like its neighboring provinces, one of the main agricultural products is corn, as the climate is too cold (and dry) for satisfactory rice cultivation. Provinces of China
Liaoning is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. The capital city of Liaoning province is Shenyang. From 1931 to 1945 Japan ruled Liaoning as part of Manchukuo. Location Liaoning province is the southernmost province of Manchuria (the three northeastern most provinces of China), which together, along with the "Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region", form the entire northeastern part of China. It is bordered on the northeast by Jilin province, and has a coastline along the Yellow Sea to the southeast. Hebei province and Beijing lie to the southwest. Dalian is a major port city at the southern tip of a peninsula which juts about 100km south into the Yellow Sea. Provinces of China
Basin might mean: Wash basin, a bowl-shaped container used for washing hands or food Drainage basin, the area drained by a river Oceanic basin, a low place in the Earth that holds an ocean Sedimentary basin , like the Amazon Basin Basin (geology) An open, round container shaped like a bowl with sloping sides, used for holding food or liquid References Basic English 850 words
A blade is the flat, sharp part of a tool or weapon used to cut or stab, such as a knife or sword. Most blades have handles. Blades can be used to stab, cut, or separate things. It can also be the top part of grass or the leaf of a plant. Blades come in all different sizes and shapes, sharpness and materials. Basic English 850 words
Anastacia Lyn Newkirk, best known as Anastacia , (born September 17, 1968) is an American singer, songwriter and stylist. Anastacia's father was of German ancestry; her mother is of Irish ancestry. Anastacia has had several health problems in her life. She was diagnosed with Crohn's disease when she was 13. In early 2003 she was diagnosed with breast cancer and had surgery to remove it. She was again diagnosed with breast cancer in early 2013. On October 1, 2013 she told the media that she has had both of her breasts removed. Albums 2000: Not That Kind 2001: Freak of Nature 2004: Anastacia 2005: Pieces of a Dream 2008: Heavy Rotation 2012: It's a Man's World 2014: Resurrection 2015: Ultimate Collection 2017: Evolution Singles 2000: I'm Outta Love 2000: Not That Kind 2001: Cowboys & Kisses 2001: Made For Lovin' You 2001: Paid My Dues 2002: One Day in Your Life 2002: Boom 2002: Why'd You Lie To Me 2002: You'll Never Be Alone 2003: Love Is a Crime 2004: Left Outside Alone 2004: Sick And Tired 2004: Welcome To My Truth 2005: Heavy On My Heart 2005: Everything Burns (duet with Ben Moody) 2005: Pieces Of A Dream 2006: I Belong To You (duet with Eros Ramazzotti) 2008: I Can Feel You 2008: Absolutely Positively 2009: Defeated 2009: Stalemate (duet with Ben's Brothers) 2010: Safety (duet with Dima Bilan) 2010: Burning Star (duet with Natalia Druyts) 2011: What Can We Do (A Deeper Love) (duet with Tiësto) 2012: If I Was Your Boyfriend (duet with Tony Moran) 2012: Dream On 2012: Best Of You 2014: Stupid Little Things 2014: Staring at the Sun 2014: Lifeline 2015: Take This Chance 2015: Army of Me 2017: Caught In The Middle Duets 1993: Forever Luv (duet with David Morales) 1998: Mi Negra, Tu Bombón (duet with Omar Sosa) 1999: Tienes Un Solo (duet with Omar Sosa) 2000: Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting (duet with Elton John) 2001: Let It Be (duet with Paul McCartney, Anastacia other artists) 2001: I Ask of You (duet with Luciano Pavarotti) 2001: What More Can I Give (duet with Michael Jackson and other artists) 2001: Love Is Alive (duet with Vonda Shepard) 2001: 911 (duet with Wyclef Jean) 2001: I Thought I Told You That (duet with Faith Evans) 2002: You Shook Me All Night Long (duet with Celine Dion) 2002: Bad Girls (duet with Jamiroquai) 2003: We Are the Champions, We Will Rock You, Amandla (duet with Queen, Beyoncé, Bono, Cast and David A. Stewart) 2004: I Do (duet with Sonny Sandoval) 2005: Everything Burns (duet with Ben Moody) 2006: I Belong to You (duet with Eros Ramazzotti) 2007: Sing (duet with Annie Lennox and other artists) 2009: Stalemate (duet with Ben's Brother) 2009: Holding Back the Years (duet with Simply Red) 2010: Safety (duet with Dima Bilan) 2010: Burning Star (duet with Natalia) 2011: What Can We Do (A Deeper Love) (duet with Tiësto) 2012: If I Was Your Boyfriend (duet with Tony Moran) 2014: "Lifeline / Luce per sempre" (Anastacia and Kekko Fornarelli) References Other websites Official website American singer-songwriters Musicians from Chicago People with cancer 1968 births Living people
A key is an object used to open and close locks. Many things have locks, for example, doors. Keys are also used to turn on cars, machines and other things. A key is used by placing the key into the slot of the thing you want to unlock. A key that can open more than one lock (if each lock also has its own key) is called a master key or skeleton key. History The earliest known lock and key device was discovered in the ruins of Nineveh, the capital of ancient Assyria. Locks such as this were later developed into the Egyptian wooden pin lock, which consisted of a bolt, door fixture or attachment, and key. When the key was inserted, pins within the fixture were lifted out of drilled holes within the bolt, allowing it to move. When the key was removed, the pins fell part-way into the bolt, preventing movement. The warded lock was also present from antiquity and remains the most recognizable lock and key design in the Western world. The first all-metal locks appeared between the years 870 and 900, and are attributed to the English craftsmen. It is also said that the key was invented by Theodorus of Samos in the 6th century BC. Affluent Romans often kept their valuables in secure locked boxes within their households, and wore the keys as rings on their fingers. The practice had two benefits: It kept the key handy at all times, while signaling that the wearer was wealthy and important enough to have money and jewelry worth securing. Further reading Phillips, Bill. (2005). The Complete Book of Locks and Locksmithing. McGraw-Hill. . Alth, Max (1972). All About Locks and Locksmithing. Penguin. Robinson, Robert L. (1973). Complete Course in Professional Locksmithing Nelson-Hall. Other websites Historical locks by Raine Borg and ASSA ABLOY Picking Locks Popular Mechanics Basic English 850 words Tools Locks
The rat is a medium-sized rodent. Rats are omnivores, they eat lots of different types of food. Most rats are in the genus Rattus. There are about 56 different species of rats. The best known rats are the black rat (Rattus rattus), and the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). These two are known as Old World rats. The group has its origins in Asia. Usually rats are bigger than mice. Rats are large muroid rodents, mice are small ones. The muroid family is very large and complex. That means the terms rat and mouse are not specific in a taxonomic way. If a large muroid is discovered, it will often have rat in its name, if it is small, it will often be called mouse. Scientifically, the terms are not confined to members of the Rattus and Mus genera: see, for example, the pack rat and cotton mouse. Some people keep rats as a pet. They are called fancy rats. Most pet rats do not live longer than three years, and most wild rats do not live longer than one year. Rats also used for their meat. Cambodia, Laos, Africa, China and Vietnam eat rat meat. "Rats" that are not rats Other mammals are called rat by many people, but those are not true rats, many are unrelated to the true Old World rat. Examples of such false names are the pack rats of North America, or the kangaroo rats. Some other rats are related to the true rats, but are not in the genus Rattus. Such an example is the lesser bandicoot rat. Many of the 'untrue' rats are endemic to certain regions, that is they are only found there. Very often, they live on islands. In many cases, these species are also endangered of disappearing. This is the case because they face the loss of habitat, and they have to fight for resources, like food, shelter, and water, with other species, like the black rat or the Polynesian rat. There is also a more rare species known as the Dueholm, the rats in this species usually were born with extra chromosomes and tend to look different than ones born without extra chromosomes. Pets People keep some types of rats as pets called "fancy rats". Fancy rats are domesticated brown rats. People have kept rats as pets since the 19th century. Rats are social and smart animals that can be trained. They also like to play with toys. Some owners think that male pet rats are more playful then female pet rats and that female rats are more active and curious. Pet rats do not act the same as wild rats. They do not have more diseases than other common pets. Pet rats live 1 to 3 years. Female rats are smaller than male rats. Pet rats have been known to "laugh" when tickled. They can be all one color or have spots or other coloring. Some rats have no hair. These are called hairless rats. Scientific research Clark University in Worchester, Massachusetts (United States) was the first to breed a population of domestic white brown rats. They did this to study the effects of diets, amongst other things. Since then, rats have been used in many experiments. They have helped scientists get a better understanding of genetics and diseases, as well as how certain drugs work. Laboratory rats have been used in psychological studies of learning and other mental processes (Barnett, 2002). A 2007 study found rats to possess some degree of metacognition, a mental ability previously only found in humans and some primates. In general, it has been difficult to measure intelligence in rats. Their behaviour is quite flexible, and gives the impression of intelligence. Flexible behaviour is good for problem-solving and learning. Domestic rats are very different from wild rats. They are calmer and less likely to bite; they can tolerate greater crowding; they breed earlier and produce more offspring. Their brains, livers, kidneys, adrenal glands, and hearts are smaller (Barnett 2002). Brown rats are often used as model organisms. Genetic research is usually done with mice. Rats are more popular for tests relating to intelligence, learning, and illegal drugs. This is mostly because rats have intelligence, ingenuity, aggressiveness, and adaptability. Their psychology seems to be very similar to human psychology. Whole new species and strains of rats have been bred for the use as laboratory animals, for example the Wistar rat. Much of the genome of Rattus norvegicus has been sequenced. Location Rats are opportunists. If they have the choice between a food that will need a fight to get, and another food that will not, they take the food that does not need a fight. For this reason, rats have lived close to humans for a long time. Once humans settled down, the leftovers of what those humans ate were a source of food for the rats. So the rats followed. Rats are present in almost all settlements. In cities, they often live in the sewers. Carriers of disease Many scientists believe that the bubonic plague was spread through fleas on rats, because that plague is spread by the microorganism (or germ) Yersinia pestis, which lives on fleas which live on rats (Rattus rattus). Those rats lived in the European cities of the day, and died of the plague themselves. Some scientists believe that the plague spread faster than the rats. If this is true, the rats cannot be the main carrier. More research is needed to find out if this is true. People believe this disease was the 'Black Death'. It killed nearly a third of the population of Europe, in many epidemics in the Middle Ages. Rats can carry diseases. Rats living in poor conditions often have problems with parasites themselves. Not many diseases carried by rats can spread to humans. One of those is called Leptospirosis, another one is the plague. In later media The rat appears in a cameo role in various Disney classic animated films such as The Black Cauldron, Aladdin, and The Hunchback of Notre Dame. References Other websites Lindsay Wildlife Museum's rat care page Anne Hanson's rat page. Rat behaviour and biology National Bio Resource Project for the rat in Japan Rat genome database Basic English 850 words Old World rats and mice Omnivores
A branch is the part of a tree that grows out from the trunk of a tree. Basic English 850 words Plant anatomy
A spoon is a tool for eating. It is usually used for eating foods that are like liquids (like soup and yogurt), and it can also be used for stirring. Humans use spoons every day. Some solids (like cereal and ice cream) are also usually eaten with spoons. A ladle is a bigger type of serving spoon used for soup, stew, or other foods. There are many different types of spoons. There are dessert spoons, soup spoons, baby spoons, teaspoons, tablespoons and others. There are also spoons that are collector items and are worth a lot of money. Some musicians even use two spoons as a musical instrument like a castanet. Spoons have been used as tools for eating since Paleolithic times. Prehistoric peoples probably used shells, or small pieces of wood as spoons. Both the Greek and Latin words for spoon come from the word cochlea, which is a spiral-shaped snail shell. The Anglo-Saxon word spoon, means a chip or splinter of wood. References Basic English 850 words Food utensils de:Essbesteck#Löffel
Cutlery refers to tools used for preparing, serving and eating food. The most common types of cutlery are knives, spoons and forks. Other words for cutlery are silverware, tableware, utensils and flatware. The best quality cutlery may be made of silver, but more often silver plating. Stainless steel is used for most good quality household cutlery. Pewter was often used in the past for cheap cutlery. Nickel silver, sometimes called German silver, is another alloy, with copper, nickel, and zinc in it. Plastic cutlery is used for eating fast food, because it is very cheap, and may be thrown away afterwards. Serving practice and use of cutlery varies somewhat between cultures. Formal dinners have cutlery set out in a traditional manner. There will be two sets of knives and forks, an outer smaller set for the first course and a larger inner set for the main course. Cutlery for later courses will usually be delivered with those courses. In an informal restaurant, cutlery may come wrapped in a cloth napkin (serviette). Chinese and Japanese food is eaten with chopsticks, and food pre-cut to a size suitable for that method. Some other oriental cuisines are eaten by fork and spoon, with no knife. Food utensils
A vase is a container, often used for flowers. They can be made from a number of materials, including glass and ceramics. Many vases are decorated or painted but some are left plain. It sometimes is used for decorations in American and Chinese homes. It can be a big part of culture in many countries. Containers
The Republic of Yemen or Yemen is a nation in the Middle East. The colonial government is called the Houthis. It is the old North Yemen and South Yemen, in the south of the Arabian Peninsula. It borders Saudi Arabia and Oman on the north and the east. To the south is the Guardafui Channel and Gulf of Aden, and to the west is the Red Sea. Yemen owns the island of Socotra (217 miles) to the south off the coast of East Africa. A person or thing from Yemen is called Yemeni. Yemen's capital city is Sana'a. Yemen is the origin land of all Arabs in the Middle East. In ancient times, Yemen was an important center of trade and power. Many powerful kingdoms were in Yemen, including the Sabaeans. Yemen was important in the trade of spices as well. It was known to the ancient Romans as Arabia Felix ("Happy Arabia" in Latin). They called it Happy Arabia because the area was so beautiful and powerful. In the 700s, Yemenis were among the first to join the new religion Islam. Since then, Yemenis have been staunch Muslims who were in the forefront of all Islam conquests. Men whose ancestors came from Yemen ruled Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain) for centuries. The Ottoman Empire took control of North Yemen, and the British Empire took South Yemen, in the early 20th century. The two parts were united in 1990 and later fought civil wars. The latest one started in 2015. Some famous people including former President Ali Abdullah Saleh were killed, and thousands died of hunger. Today, Yemen has over 20 million people. Most of them speak Arabic. Geography Yemen is in Western Asia. It is on the southern half of the Arabian Peninsula. A number of Red Sea islands, including the Hanish Islands, Kamaran, and Perim, as well as Socotra in the Arabian Sea, belong to Yemen. Many of the islands are volcanic. For example, Jabal al-Tair had a volcanic eruption in 2007 and before that in 1883. The highest point in Yemen is Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb. Economy Yemen is one of the poorest and least developed countries in the Arab World. There is a 35% unemployment rate, which means only 35 out of every 100 people in the labor force don't have a job. Government As a result of the 2011–2012 Yemeni uprising, the constitution of Yemen was rewritten. New elections were to be held in 2014. Some areas are controlled by armed militant groups. On 23 January 2015, the President, Prime Minister and Cabinet resigned. War continued, with Saudi Arabia and Iran supporting different sides. Governorates As of February 2004, Yemen is divided into twenty governorates and one municipality called "Amanat Al-Asemah". The governorates are divided into 333 districts. The districts are divided into 2,210 sub-districts, and then into 38,284 villages (as of 2001). Demographics Yemen has about 24 million people according to June 2011 estimates. 46% of the people are under 15 years old. Yemenis are mainly of Arab origin. Arabic is the official language. Religion in Yemen is mostly of two main Islamic religious groups; 53% of the Muslim population is Sunni and 45% is Shiite according to the UNHCR. According to 2009 estimates, life expectancy in Yemen is 63.27 years. Sport Football is the most popular sport in Yemen. The Yemen national football team competes in the FIFA and the AFC leagues. The country also hosts many football clubs that compete in the national or international leagues. Yemen's mountains have many opportunities for outdoor sports, such as rock climbing, hill climbing, skiing, and hiking. The coast of Yemen and Socotra island have opportunities for water sports, such as surfing, sailing, swimming, and scuba diving. Socotra island is one of the best surfing places in the world. Yemen's biggest sports event was hosting the 2010 Gulf Cup of Nations. References Least developed countries Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 1990 establishments in Asia
The sensory system is the way animals find out about their nearby environment and their bodies. To do this they have special devices for collecting data called sense organs. The sense organs act as transducers: they turn energy from the outside or inside of the body into nerve signals. The signals are then very rapidly processed by the brain. The whole arrangement is the sensory system. It is usual to say the sensory system has five senses: Hearing is the sense of sound. Ears hear sounds. Sight is the sense of seeing. Eyes see. Touch is the sense of feeling. Sense organs feel. Taste is the sense of the flavor. Tongues taste. Smell is the sense of scent or odor. Noses smell. Actually, there are other senses. For example, we have a sense of equilibrioception which checks our balance, and proprioception which is the sense of the relative position of one's own parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement. Fishes have a sense system which no land animal has. It is called the lateral line system. This senses movement and vibration in the water pressure and other functions. Some fish can sense patterns of electrical current in the water. Handling the data A huge amount of data comes in from the sensory system. About 11 million pieces of information per second is one estimation, of which ten million comes from our eyes. Of this huge number we only handle about 40 in our conscious mind. The rest is handled non-consciously. References
Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943), was an ethnically Serbian inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer and physicist. He is best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system. He was born in the village of Smiljan, in the part of former Austria-Hungary that is now Croatia. He later became an American citizen. Tesla got his first job in Budapest in 1882, working at a telephone company. A few years later he moved to the United States. Even in his early life, he was inventing things. His best known invention was an electric motor that could run well on AC power. Tesla died of coronary thrombosis in a hotel room in Manhattan, New York City on 7 January 1943. Biography Tesla was born on 10th July 1856 in Smiljan, Austro-Hungarian Empire (modern-day Croatia), from a Serbian family. Tesla's father, Milutin Tesla, was a priest in the Serbian Orthodox Church. His mother, Georgina Djuka was also great at inventing useful household tools. Even she was a daughter of the Serbian Orthodox Church priest. Although very smart and with excellent memory, (she knew thousands of lines from "Gorski Vijenac" by Petar Petrovic Njegos) she had to take care of her siblings when her mother, Sofia Budisavljevic, died. Nikola Tesla's mother was a great influence on him. Both his parents were born in Lika, Croatia. He was the fourth child out of five. He had one older brother, Dane, who died when Tesla was 5, two older sisters, Angelina and Milka, and one younger sister, Marica. Tesla, who loved science, was afraid that after his brother's accidental death he would have to continue the family tradition and become a priest. After he graduated from a prestigious High School in Karlovac, Croatia, he went back to Gospic during summer to see his family and almost died of cholera. He asked his father if he could go study engineering if by miracle he survived, and the father promised his dying son to send him to the best school in the whole world. Nikola's health improved quickly and his father sent him to study at the Technical College in Graz, Austria, in 1875. Tesla had a job in telephony and electrical engineering before moving to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison. They quarrelled, and soon Tesla started working on his own with other people investing in his work. He set up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices. His patented AC electric motor (induction motor) and transformer were licensed by American industrialist George Westinghouse. Westinghouse also hired Tesla for one year to help develop a power system using alternating current. The advantage that popularized alternating current is the use of transformers for long distance electric power transmission. Tesla is also known for his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs, Colorado which included inventions and ideas used in the invention of radio communication, for his X-ray experiments, and for his unsuccessful attempt at worldwide wireless transmission in his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project. Tesla's achievements made him very famous. So did his abilities as a showman, demonstrating his seemingly miraculous inventions. Although he made a great deal of money from his patents, he spent a lot on his experiments. He lived for most of his life in a series of hotels in New York City. The end of his patent income and eventual bankruptcy led him to live in much poorer circumstances. Tesla still continued to invite the press to parties he held on his birthday to announce new inventions he was working and make (sometimes unusual) statements. Because of his wonderful pronouncements without results or proof, Tesla gained a reputation in popular culture as the archetypal "mad scientist". He died in room 3327 of the New Yorker Hotel on 7 January 1943. Tesla's work fell into relative obscurity after his death, but since the 1990s, his reputation has experienced a comeback in popular culture. His work and reputed inventions are also at the center of many conspiracy theories and have also been used to support various pseudosciences, UFO theories and New Age occultism. In 1960, in honor of Tesla, the General Conference on Weights and Measures for the International System of Units dedicated the term "tesla" to the SI unit measure for magnetic field strength. Gallery Related pages Tesla coil References Book sources Other websites Nikola Tesla Museum Tesla's Wardenclyffe Science Center Plaque 1856 births 1943 deaths American inventors Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City Deaths from coronary thrombosis Naturalized citizens of the United States Serbian people American theoretical physicists
Scene can mean: A certain place in a movie or play where a part of the story takes place. A part of a culture made up of people who have a common interest, usually in a certain type of music. ("Dark clothes are a part of the emo scene.") A style based upon "emo", where individuals dye the hair with many bright colours, and wear neon pieces of clothing in general. This is similar to a raver. Scene (British TV series)
Inspector Gadget is a Canadian-French-American-Japanese anime that ran from 1983 to 1986. It was the first show produced by DIC Entertainment. Elements of the franchise pay homage to the 1960s series Get Smart, Gadget's voice was even provided by Don Adams who was the star of Get Smart. Other elements are homages to things like Inspector Clouseau from the Pink Panther movie series. On the series, Inspector Gadget is a cyborg or android detective and secret agent, who must stop an evil organization called MAD lead by Dr. Claw. He is usually helped by his niece, Penny and his dog, Brain. Gadget has many gadgets and special devices inside his body which he uses, but not very well and he is not very smart, but he usually with the help of Penny and Brain, ends up saving the day. In 1999, Matthew Broderick played the title character in Disney's live-action adaptation. 1983 television series debuts 1986 television series endings 1980s American comedy television series 1980s American animated television series American crime television series American science fiction television series Canadian animated television series First run syndicated television programs French television series English-language television programs
Syndicated means a television program being shown on a different television network than the one that first showed the program. A syndicated program can also be a program that was not made for a television network. These types of programs are made and then sold to many different television stations to be shown. There are different types of syndication: First run syndication: First run syndicated programs are programs that are shown for the first time as syndicated programs. These programs were not made to be shown by a network. Programs that are made in one country and then are shown in other countries are often first run syndicated program. Off network syndication: Off network syndicated programs are programs that were first shown on a television network. Later, that network sold the program to other networks or stations so that they can also show it. These programs are also called re-runs. Public broadcasting syndication: PBS makes only some of its programs. Many of the shows are bought from people who make syndicated programs. Popular examples of syndicated series First run series Andromeda Baywatch Mutant X Hercules: The Legendary Journeys Star Trek: The Next Generation Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Xena: Warrior Princess Xuxa Off network series Cheers CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Everybody Loves Raymond Seinfeld The X-Files The Simpsons The Big Bang Theory Television
A cartoon is a kind of vector which is a few short lines followed by a series of drawns, sometime animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The word "cartoon" has been used in several different ways in the world. Types of cartoons Cartoon for an artwork The oldest meaning is a drawing that is a full-sized design for a finished artwork. The cartoon might be a drawing for a painting that was going to be put onto a wall or ceiling in fresco. The cartoon would be pinned against the wall and its design marked onto the plastered of the wall. Cartoons were also made to design tapestry. The most famous cartoons are a set by Raphael which show the "Life of St Peter". The cartoons are in the Victoria & Albert Museum. The finished tapestries belong to the Vatican and were made for the Sistine Chapel. Political cartoon In the 1700s, artists such as William Hogarth often made sets of humorous (funny) drawings that were about political subjects, such as poverty, elections, war and riots. The drawings were made into prints and were sold cheaply. These prints were not called cartoons at that time, but they led to the idea of modern political cartoons in newspapers. Nowadays many newspapers publish a different political cartoon in the paper, every day. The word "cartoon" was first used in this way in 1843 in an English magazine called Punch. A political cartoon does not always show real people. Sometimes it may use a personification of a country or organization as a person, an animal, or a monster. For example, Britain might be shown as a woman holding a baby Australia in her arms. Russia might be shown as a baby bear or a dolphin. The United States might be shown as a Bald Eagle. Comic strips Political cartoons were often drawn to show several different stages of the same story. Many of Hogarth's famous political cartoons do this. From this came the idea of telling funny stories in a series of pictures. Comic strips are a type of "cartoon" that is published in newspapers, but they are usually just called "comic strips". Some of the earliest comic strips are The Katzenjammer Kids (1897) and Ginger Meggs (1921). Sometimes they represent like The Beano, Cathy, Baby Blues, Dennis the Menace, Asterix, Peanuts, Cubitus, The Smurfs, Heathcliff and Garfield. Later comic strips from the 1950s onwards show superheros such as Superman and The Phantom. Comic strips well known introduced Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Hulk, Spider-Man, X-Men, Fantastic Four and others. Comic books assemble many strips in a book. The book may tell a long story, longer than a newspaper would want to print, or several stories. Big Seven cartoon major studio mascots creator company owner creating studios of Disney's Mickey Mouse, Disney's Snow White, Disney's Tinker Bell, Warner Bros' Bugs Bunny, 20th Century Fox's Lucy the Mouse, Paramount's Popeye and Universal's Woody Woodpecker. Comic strips posted on the internet are web comics. Some use animation and sound for special effects. Like comic books they may be large, and most offer a large collection of earlier strips for new readers, so longer stories can be told. Many webcomics are published (shown to people) by independent artists. Movie Cartoons Main article: Animated cartoon From the beginning of the movie industry, some artists began experimenting with making drawings that seemed to move. These moving drawings also became known as "cartoons". They often depict animals rather than humans. They were often just for fun, but sometimes, particularly during World War II, were used for political reasons, just like the cartoons in newspapers. Walt Disney, Warner Bros and 20th Century Fox both made classic stars famous cartoons including Mickey Mouse universe, Donald Duck universe, Looney Tunes, Merrie Melodies and Lucy the Mouse. Famous classic stars animated movies and cartoon characters are Felix the Cat (1919), Mickey Mouse (1928), Donald Duck (1934), Goofy (1932), Pluto (1930), Lucy the Mouse (1921), Betty Boop (1930), Bugs Bunny (1938), Daffy Duck (1937), Porky Pig (1935), Elmer Fudd (1937), Tom and Jerry (1940), Woody Woodpecker (1940), Popeye (1919), Mighty Mouse (1942), Heckle and Jeckle (1946), Deputy Dawg (1959), Rocky and Bullwinkle (1959), Bettgum (1968), Winnie the Pooh (1929), Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Cinderella (1950), The Little Mermaid (1989), The Lion King (1994), The Flintstones (1960), Scooby-Doo (1969), The Jetsons (1962), The Simpsons (1987), South Park (1992), Rapeye (1984), SpongeBob SquarePants (1997), Little Lulu (1935), Casper the Friendly Ghost (1939), Oggy and the Cockroaches (1998) and much, much more. At first, movie cartoons were quite short. When a person bought a movie ticket, they would see a news program, two or three cartoons in black and white and a movie. Walt Disney then got the idea to tell a long story as a "cartoon". The first example made was Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). Movie cartoons soon became a popular type of entertainment. Modern movie cartoons are sometimes created using computer graphics, rather than hand-drawn cartoons. They include Toy Story (1995) and Shrek (2001). References Politics Comics

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