caimira/pb-queries · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 4 8	text stringlengths 36 531	answer stringlengths 1 388	category stringclasses 10 values
q35_3	This country's city of Manaus is located at the confluence of the Solimoes [sue-lee-moish] and Negro [naygrow] rivers. Its capital city was designed by Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer. One city in this nation is home to the statue of Christ the Redeemer.	Federative Republic of {Brazil}	Geography
q2641_1	The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity.	{mass} [prompt on {m;} accept {energy} before "inertia"]	Science
q4074_1	This planet was mapped by the Magellan probe.	Venus	Science
q2581_1	In one of this artist's paintings, Mercury wears a red sash as he reaches up to an orange in an orange grove; that painting, whose central figure stands next to the Three Graces, is La Primavera.	Sandro Botticelli [or Alessandro (di Mariano di Vanni) Filipepi]	Fine Arts
q419_2	Among this poet's famous lines are "Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all" and "Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die". In addition to "In Memoriam A.H.H.," this Poet Laureate under Queen Victoria also wrote "The Lady of Shalott."	Alfred, Lord Tennyson	Literature
q2065_2	This book's main character pays a debt to his landlord by rescuing the seamstress Constance. Earlier in this book, set in the time of Louis XIII (13), the same character challenges his friends to duels but later helps them fend off the troops of Cardinal Richelieu (REE-shee-loo).	The Three Musketeers [or Les Trois Mousquetaires]	Literature
q2571_2	In one of his paintings, this man included a self-portrait as the flayed skin held by St. Bartholomew; the nudity in that painting was censored by the Catholic Church. This man sculpted a horned Moses and worked on the tomb of Pope (*) Julius II.	Michelangelo (di Lodovico) Buonarroti (Simoni) [accept either underlined name]	Fine Arts
q1605_3	In one work, this character is almost forced to marry Marcellina until it is revealed she is his long-lost mother. In another work, he advises a former employer to dress as a drunken soldier to get into Rosina's house. This former servant of Count Almaviva sings his name over and over again in "Largo al Factotum," an aria from a Rossini opera.	{Figaro} [prompt on The Barber of Seville before mentioned; accept The Marriage of Figaro until "employer"]	Fine Arts
q411_3	This artist did not finish his Cars series, which showed various Mercedes-Benz models. This artist created a six-hour film of a man sleeping. Fifty copies of the same image from the movie Niagara were varyingly colored in one of his works, and his studio was known as "The Factory."	Andy {Warhol} [or Andrew {Warhola}]	History
q3488_2	An alpha particle is a nucleus of this element, which has a filled 1s (ONE S) orbital but no p orbitals at ground state. After the Hindenburg disaster, this gas replaced hydrogen in zeppelins and blimps.	helium [accept He before it is read]	Science
q7032_5	Franz Schubert's three symphonies in this key are nicknamed Tragic, Little, and Great. Mozart's Jupiter Symphony and Bach's first Prelude from The Well Tempered Clavier are in this major key, whose relative minor is A minor. Instruments pitched in this key include the bassoon, oboe, and flute. A scale in this key played on piano only hits (*) white keys. For 10 points, name this musical key that contains no sharps or flats.	{C major} [prompt on \"C\" before \"major key\" is mentioned; do not prompt on or accept \"c minor\"]	Fine Arts
q1760_3	One superstition concerning certain winners of this election is known as Tecumseh's (“teh-CUM- seh's”) Curse. Third party candidates in previous elections of this type include Ross Perot and Teddy Roosevelt. Its most recent iteration concentrated on the economy, the war in Iraq, and people associated with Barack Obama.	{Presidential general} election [accept either]	History
q1973_1	One character in this book deliberately pours syrup all over his lunch.	To Kill a Mockingbird	Literature
q83_1	The U.S. Naval Observatory is the official residence for holders of this office, which Spiro Agnew resigned when he was charged with tax fraud.	{Vice President} of the United States [do not accept or prompt on {\"President\"}]	History
q3249_1	The third game in this series saw its first set of dual worlds and the first use of the Spin Attack technique.	The {Legend} of {Zelda} [prompt on {Zelda}]	Trash
q304_2	This geographical feature has its lowest point at Bentley Trench. A lake here lies under Vostok Station.	Antarctica	Geography
q51_2	Landmarks on this island include the El Yunque (“YOON-kay”) rainforest and Fort San Felipe del Moro. Humacao (“HOO-muh-COW”), Caguas (“CAW-gwahs”), Bayamon (“BYE-uh-moan”), and Ponce (“PAWN-say”) are some of its municipalities.	Puerto Rico	Geography
q179_2	This city's northeast is home to Mount Scopus (“SCOPE-us”), often used as a point of attack by forces attempting to invade it. Landmarks in this city include the Dome of the Rock, revered by many Muslims who consider this city their third holiest, and the western wall of the former Temple Mount, which is now a major site for followers of Judaism.	Jerusalem	Geography
q2837_4	His opposition to harsh retaliation after the sinking of the Lusitania caused this politician to resign as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of State. This man argued against Clarence Darrow in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He proclaimed that "you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns" in his (*) "Cross of Gold" speech. For 10 points, name this three-time Democratic presidential nominee, known as The Great Commoner.	William Jennings Bryan	History
q512_4	Observers of this holiday often eat jelly-filled doughnuts called sufganiyot (soof-GAH-nee-yoat) and potato pancakes called latkes. They may play a game with a spinning top whose sides are marked nun, gimel, hey, and shin on this holiday; that object is called a dreidel (DRAY-duhl). It commemorates the successful revolt against Antiochus (an-tee-OH-kuss) led by Judah Maccabee. For 10 points, name this wintertime Jewish holiday that includes the lighting of a Menorah.	Chanukah [or {Hanukkah}]	Religion
q257_4	The Ghawar (gah-WAHR) oil field is located in this nation, whose flag contains an image of a white sword on a green field. During Operation Desert Shield, American troops defended this country, angering radical Muslims like Osama bin Laden, who was born in this country. A desert called the Empty Quarter covers its borders with Oman and the UAE. For 10 points, what kingdom occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula?	Saudi Arabia	Geography
q2584_1	In 1994, thieves that stole this painting left a note reading “Thanks for the poor security.”	The {Scream} [or {Skrik}; accept The {Cry}]	Fine Arts
q1542_3	The “law of” these objects states that the torque (“tork”) on one side is equal to the torque on the other side. These objects can be classified as first class, second class, or third class depending on the location of the fulcrum. For 10 points, name these simple machines, familiar examples of which include a wheelbarrow and see-saw.	levers	Science
q4866_2	Temples dedicated to this god include the Trimbakeshwar and Ramanaswathamy. Five is a sacred number to this god, which is reflected in his namesake "Five Mantras".	Shiva [accept Shiva the Destroyer, Shiva the Transformer]	Mythology
q4248_4	This man was killed by a crossbow bolt while besieging the castle Charlus-Chabrol. After the departure of Philip Augustus of France, this man led the Christian armies in the Third Crusade, during which he achieved peace with Saladin. He was succeeded by his brother John. For 10 points, name this 12th-century King of England known by an epithet signifying his bravery.	Richard I of England [or Richard the Lionhearted; or Richard Coeur de Lion; prompt on Richard]	History
q3313_1	This figure met his demise when he was struck by a piece of wood from his own vessel.	{Jason}	Mythology
q1488_3	This ruler was forced to wait eight months to begin a campaign for the throne he contested with the King of Norway, Harald Hardrada (hard-RAH-dah), whose own campaign ended unsuccessfully at Stamford Bridge. This man feigned his death in order to trick Harold Godwinson into defeat at the Battle of Hastings. For 10 points, name this Norman ruler whose achievements were chronicled on the Bayeux Tapestry.	{William I} of England [or {William} the {Conqueror;} or {William} the {Bastard;} or {William II} of {Normandy;} or {Guillaume} le {Conquérant;} prompt on {William} of {Normandy}]	History
q1619_3	Cherenkov (“CHAIR-en-kov”) radiation exists when this value is exceeded. The ratio of this quantity in a vacuum to this quantity in a material is that material's index of refraction. It is squared and multiplied by mass to give energy in an equation derived by Einstein, E equals m c squared.	speed of {light} [accept {c} before mentioned]	Science
q3403_1	The carrack Mary Rose sank during the reign of this ruler, who ordered Thomas Cromwell to dissolve the monasteries.	{Henry VIII} [prompt on Henry or {Henry} Tudor]	History
q4861_3	Before this event, a three-year winter will end almost all life. During this event, one deity's son will use a giant shoe to take revenge for his father's death. At its start, Heimdall will blow the Gjallarhorn and Loki will break free from his imprisonment.	Ragnarök [prompt on Gotterdammerung; prompt on end of the world]	Mythology
q245_3	This river divides Minneapolis and St. Paul. In 1927, this river's flood was the worst in US history, causing a system of levees to be built that was the world's longest. Nicknamed the "Big Muddy", this river serves as part of the border between (*) Louisiana and its namesake state.	{Mississippi} River	Geography
q304_6	This geographical feature has its lowest point at Bentley Trench. A lake here lies under Vostok Station. Mt. Erebus is found on Ross Island off itscoast, between Marie Byrd and Victoria lands. The Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains contains its highest peak, Vinson Massif, located on the Ronne (*) Ice Shelf. Getting only 5-10 inches of precipitation a year, it is considered a desert.	Antarctica	Geography
q3249_3	The third game in this series saw its first set of dual worlds and the first use of the Spin Attack technique. A common theme in this game is the protagonist's attempts to rescue the title princess and reunite the Triforce. This series includes games subtitled A Link to the Past and The Ocarina of Time.	The {Legend} of {Zelda} [prompt on {Zelda}]	Trash
q1843_2	This term describes a "zone" below the water table in which groundwater is found. This term describes compounds that contain only single bonds.	{saturated} [or word forms, such as {saturation}]	Science
q169_2	n this state's capital, the Lane Avenue Bridge crosses the Olentangy River. Another of its cities contains historic Italian architecture in its Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, while another city, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, contains Case Western Reserve University.	Ohio	Geography
q1447_2	One of this deity's possessions is a ring that creates eight copies of itself every nine nights. This deity learned nine songs and eighteen runes after hanging from the world tree for nine days.	Odin	Mythology
q605_2	He published a then-controversial theory in "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres," whose preface included a dedication to Pope Paul III so as to deflect controversy. In critiquing an opposing theory, he criticized the separate treatment of each planet, as had been done by Ptolemy (TAHL-eh-mee).	Nicolaus Copernicus	Science
q1203_2	The Darien Scheme was an attempt by Scotland to create another structure similar to this entity. The Hay-Bunau Varilla (HAY BOO-now vah-REE-yuh) Treaty allowed the United States to begin constructing this entity.	{Panama} Canal [or {Canal} de {Panama}]	History
q776_3	Some of the most important teachings of this religion include the Four Noble Truths and the Middle Way. One of the main branches of this religion is also known as the "School of Elders," while another is known as the "Great Vehicle." Those are the Theravada and Mahayana branches of this religion.	Buddhism	Religion
q1043_3	These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez). According to Goldbach's conjecture, every integer greater than two can be expressed as a sum of two of them. Every positive integer can be expressed as a factorization of these numbers.	prime numbers [or primes]	Science
q1404_3	In this book, Mr. Wickham goes to Brighton and runs off with Lydia. Another character in this book chooses not to dance with the protagonist or any of her four sisters when he first appears at a ball, though he changes his ways after he is accused of trying to split up Jane and Mr. Bingley. For 10 points, Elizabeth Bennett's relations with Mr. Darcy unfold in what novel by Jane Austen?	{Pride and Prejudice}	Literature
q1992_2	During World War II, this country was run by Josef Terboven, though its official Minister President was Vidkun Quisling. It used to be the western part of the Kalmar Union.	Kingdom of {Norway} [accept {Kongeriket Norge}]	History
q354_1	One famous work for this instrument is Caprice No. 24 by Paganini (pag-uh-NEE-nee).	violin	Fine Arts
q3072_1	A 2003 restoration of Verrochio's depiction of this figure revealed the sculptor's fingerprint.	David	Fine Arts
q3048_4	Frederick Muhlenberg was the first person to hold this office. This office is granted appointment power for select and conference committees. It confers the ability to schedule legislation for the floor and the person in this position controls the flow of debate. It is second in the line of presidential succession.	{Speaker of the House} of Representatives	History
q1891_1	Opposite corners of this constellation are at the start Saiph and Bellatrix.	{Orion} [prompt on the \"Hunter\"]	Science
q4929_3	This nation's men's soccer team was only allowed to play home matches in empty stadiums in 2012 after 74 fans were killed at a league match in Port Said (sah-EED). This nation's government, controlled by the Islamic Brotherhood and headed by Mohamed (*) Morsi, came to power after the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak (moo-BAR-ak). For 10 points, name this nation which in 2011 had riots in Tahrir Square in Cairo.	Egypt	Trash
q36_2	This nation owns the islands of Ushant and Corsica. Ethnic minorities in it include speakers of Alemannic (ah-leh-MAN-ic) German in Alsace, the Celtic-speaking (KELL-tick) Bretons, and, in the northern Pyrenees (PEER-eh-nees), the Basques (BASKS).	France [or French Republic; or République Française]	Geography
q1410_3	This conflict saw a battle for Kunduz (“CUN-dooz”), which saw cooperation between U.S. and German forces. The British “Operation Herrick” and American “Operation Enduring Freedom” led to a quick ousting of the Taliban regime, but Stanley McChrystal recently stated an increase of 500,000 troops would be needed to continue this war. For 10 points, name this current war fought in a country bordering Pakistan.	War in {Afghanistan} [accept {War} against the {Taliban} before mentioned; accept other obvious	History
q4670_1	One theory of this entity's creation states that a Mars-sized body named Theia (“THEE-uh”) collided with its parent planet.	Moon	Science
q4945_1	Ribosome subunits pass through pores in this structure's namesake envelope and are produced in one part of it.	nucleus	Science
q1094_4	Iron-56 dominates the spectra of absorption lines for one class of these phenomena, which are caused by white dwarves exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit. An inert nickel-iron core in a star leads to one on account of a lack of degeneracy pressure. One with official designation 2003fg reached two solar masses before exploding, and was given the nickname "Champagne." For 10 points, name these gigantic stellar explosions.	{supernovae} [or {supernovas;} prompt on {stellar collapse;} do not accept or prompt on \"nova\"]	Science
q1086_2	One composer from this country depicted a "March to the Scaffold" in a five movement symphony, while another used a snare drum ostinato in a Spanish-inspired piece. A third composer from this country used a Mallarmé (MAL-ar-MAY) poem for his Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.	Republic of France	Fine Arts
q1946_1	The Justice Department suggested using race as a basis for this practice in the 1990's.	gerrymandering	History
q1504_2	This shape is traced out by the set of all points that are equidistant from a focus and a directrix (“dir- ECK-tricks”). It is the only conic section that can be graphed as a function.	{parabola}	Science
q4969_2	This structure is divided into Brodmann areas, and develops from the telencephalon ("TEAL"-en- SEFF-ah-"lawn"). The corpus callosum ("CORE"-puss kuh-LOE-sum) connects the two hemispheres of this structure, which is divided into temporal, parietal, occipital, and frontal lobes.	{cerebrum} [accept {cerebral cortex;} accept {neocortex;} accept {forebrain;} prompt on brain]	Science
q541_4	In Jainism, this object's central point is Mount Meru. In Chinese mythology, this object is the lower half of a cosmic egg split by Pangu, while in ancient Egypt the original form of this object was the primordial (*) mound. This region will be reborn from a massive flood after Rangarok. For 10 points, name this planet subjected to a massive flood that Noah escaped.	{Earth} [accept equivalents like world or land before \"planet\" is mentioned]	Mythology
q366_5	Maria Callas, nicknamed "The Divine," had this vocal range. One aria sung in this voice promises revenge against Tamino and Pamina and is named for its singer, the Queen of the Night. That aria contains several series of high C's, and the lowest notes this voice calls for is the A below the staff. One subtype of this voice is called the coloratura. For 10 points, name this vocal range which is above the alto.	soprano	Fine Arts
q295_3	The first president of this nation, Douglas Hyde, was elected thanks to the founder of the Fianna Fail party, the Taoiseach ["tee-shock"] Eamon de Valera. Earlier, this country's members of Sinn Fein started the Easter Rising, and William Gladstone supported its "Home Rule." Michael Collins led this country's (*) IRA.	Republic of Ireland	History
q39_1	The Isthmus of Tehuantepec (teh-WAHN-tuh-peck) is located in this nation, whose capital is overlooked by twin volcanoes called "Izta" and "Popo."	Mexico [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]	Geography
q331_4	Hampstead Heath and Kensington Gardens are parks in this city which is served by the "Jubilee Line," "Piccadilly Line," and "Victoria Line" of its subway system, the Underground. A Norman castle built by William the Conqueror is this city's "Tower." Its other landmarks include Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, and the houses of Parliament. For 10 points, name this city on the River Thames, the capital of Britain.	London	Geography
q4783_1	The first Supreme Court case to deal with this doctrine was Regents of the University of California v.	affirmative action	Social Science
q1102_1	When this athlete was the 2004 NBA Rookie of the Year, he became the youngest person ever to win that award.	LeBron Raymone {James}	Trash
q101_4	The D double prime layer lies in the lowest part of this region. The upper part of this region mainly consists of magnesium-iron silicates such as pyroxene (“pie-ROX-een”) and olivine (“olive een”). This layer extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers and contains more than half the Earth's mass. For 10 points, name this molten layer of the Earth that is found between the crust and the core.	{mantle}	Science
q5176_4	These objects contain the zone of plastic flow and the zone of brittle flow. They are formed by compressing firn, and parts of them break off by calving. Till is soil left behind by these objects, which also push material to form moraines. Cirques (SERKS) and fjords (FYORDS) are among the landforms due to erosion by these objects.	glaciers	Science
q1057_2	In one episode in this work, the narrator tries to convince adults that he is drawing a snake digesting an elephant, which they confuse with a hat. The title character of this novella lived on an asteroid the size of a house before catching a rose in a lie and becoming lonely.	The Little Prince [or Le Petit Prince]	Literature
q1548_1	In one work by this composer, the title character slices an anvil in half and kills the dragon Fafner with the sword Nothung (NO-tung); in another opera, Brunnhilde rides into a funeral pyre that burns Valhalla.	Richard {Wagner} (ree-kart VAHG-ner)	Fine Arts
q403_1	States in this nation include Mato Grosso and Bahia, a center of 17th-century sugar plantations.	Federative Republic of Brazil	Geography
q130_3	This nation's cities include Pleiku in the Central Highlands and the port of Haiphong on the Gulf of Tonkin near the Red River delta. The Mekong River also has its delta in this country, south of Ho Chi Minh City, formerly known as Saigon. For 10 points, what Southeast Asian nation was divided between "North" and "South" governments during a war that saw the commitment of U.S. troops in 1965?	Socialist Republic of {Vietnam} (or {Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam})	Geography
q1298_2	For any odd number greater than one, there exists one of these types of sets where that number is the smallest of the three elements. By definition, all numbers in these kinds of sets are integers.	{Pythagorean triples} [accept clear-knowledge equivalents; prompt on {Pythagorean theorem}]	Science
q696_1	In one work, this man depicted five nude prostitutes, two of them in African masks.	Pablo (Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y) {Picasso}	Fine Arts
q5093_5	The uniform probability distribution takes this shape. Rotating this shape using one of its sides as an axis yields a cylinder. This shape is traced out by the x-axis, the y-axis, and the equations x equals two and y equals six. Each diagonal of this kind of quadrilateral divides it into two congruent right triangles. For 10 points, give this shape that has four right angles.	{rectangles} [do not accept or prompt on "square"]	Science
q1323_3	This musician says, after declaring "now I'm gonna make you dance," "girl you know you're my world" in his song "Just Lose It." His film debut came in 8 Mile, which included a song mentioning "vomit on his sweater already, mom's spaghetti." That song was "Lose Yourself."	Eminem [or Marshall Bruce Mathers III]	Trash
q92_4	The Panspermia theory holds that life first developed on these objects. These objects contain a coma surrounding a nucleus. They originate in the Oort Cloud and Kuiper (KYE-per) Belt, and their dust tails point away from the Sun. They include Shoemaker-Levy 9, which crashed into Jupiter.	comets	Science
q6541_3	The Bernoulli one approximates the powers of x plus 1 to a linear equation using the power for the slope. The "triangle" one sets a restriction for the possible lengths of the third side of a triangle given the other two. Dividing by a negative number results in a sign change in, for 10 points, what mathematical statement about relative size of two entities, characterized by use of greater-than and less-than signs?	inequality	Science
q3477_1	This planet's 700 kilometer-wide impact crater Rembrandt was discovered by the MESSENGER spacecraft orbiting it.	Mercury	Science
q325_2	Parts of this continent named for 19th century sailors include Palmer Land and Wilkes Land. Vostok(VAH-stock) is a Russian station on this continent, parts of which are claimed by Norway, Argentina, and New Zealand.	Antarctica	Geography
q236_4	This leader fought with co-emperor Licinius in battles at Cibalae (SEE-ball-AY) and Adrianople. It is said that he had a vision before the Battle of Milvian Bridge. He called for the Council of Nicaea and issued the Edict of Milan. He was the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity, and he established an eastern capital at Byzantium.	{Constantine I} [or {Constantine} the {Great;} or {Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus;} or Saint {Constantine}]	History
q1731_4	At one point in this book, two characters recite nursery rhymes and the Gettysburg Address to avoid being hypnotized by a man with red eyes. The main character of this book meets several tentacled creatures, including one called Aunt Beast, while rescuing her father from Camazotz. Its title concept is a tesseract through which Meg Murry visits the fifth dimension. For 10 points, name this novel by Madeleine L'Engle.	A Wrinkle in Time	Literature
q2250_4	Combustion reactions produce carbon dioxide, energy, and this substance. Sometimes called the "universal solvent", it has high surface tension because it forms many hydrogen bonds. This compound is unusual in that as it is cooled, it becomes less dense, so its solid form (*) floats on top of its liquid form. For 10 points, name this compound that boils at 100 degrees Celsius, freezes at zero degrees Celsius, and has formula H2O.	{water} [or H2O before it is mentioned]	Science
q44_2	In this body of water are the Emperor Seamounts and the Chinook Trough. The Ryukyu Trench lies in it, and its islands include Pitcairn Island and Wake Island.	Pacific Ocean [do not accept or prompt on more specific answers]	Geography
q10523_4	This university's women's soccer team has won 21 national championships, more than any other school in that sport. Its men's basketball team has featured players such as Ty Lawson and Tyler Hansbrough, behind whom it won the 2009 NCAA Championship. It is currently coached by Roy Williams. For 10 points, name this university located in Chapel Hill and rival of Duke whose mascot is the Tar Heels.	{University} of {North Carolina} Chapel Hill [or {UNC}]	Trash
q3312_2	This event was orchestrated by Isoroku Yamamoto in an attempt to prevent American interference in the Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies. The date on which it occurred "will live in infamy," according to a Franklin Roosevelt speech.	the attack on {Pearl Harbor} [accept logical equivalents]	History
q1522_6	Euler characteristic of platonic solids have this value. This integer times pi gives the number of radians in the unit circle. Truth tables can evaluate to this many outputs. This value expressed in binary is 10 (ONE ZERO). This is the highest degree of a quadratic function as is the number of congruent sides in an isosceles triangle. For 10 points, give this smallest prime number, which divides all even numbers.	2	Science
q473_4	Mack, Dora, and Lee Chong try to throw a party for Doc in this author's novel Cannery Row. This author wrote about Kino's encounter with the title object in The Pearl. Two migrant workers, George and Lennie, are the main characters in his Of Mice and Men; another work features the Joad family and other "Okies." For 10 points, name this American author of The Grapes of Wrath.	John {Steinbeck} [accept {Cannery Row} before it is read]	Literature
q1292_3	This method of execution was used to kill both Charlotte Corday and Maximilian Robespierre. England's Henry VIII executed his wives Catherine Howard and Anne Boleyn using this method. During the French Revolution, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were both executed by this method.	death/execution by {beheading} [{accept guillotine} and its word forms; accept any other answer that suggests {decapitation}]	History
q394_1	This city was founded by Cadmus after following a cow until it sat.	Thebes	Mythology
q89_3	The Sorbonne is the university of this city, which is divided into twenty arrondissements. This city is the site of a monument built to commemorate victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, the Arc de Triomphe. Notre Dame cathedral is located in this city on the Seine River, where tourists may also visit the Eiffel Tower.	Paris	Geography
q1730_2	This company's chief operating officer, who addressed issues facing working women in her book Lean In, is Sheryl Sandberg. While some people blamed its loss in value last year on Morgan Stanley, others blamed its CFO David Ebersman, who offered a lot of (*) shares at a high price during its May 2012 initial public offering.	Facebook	Trash
q1676_4	One type of this weapon would have been defended against by President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative. Another type of these developed by the Soviet Union and used by Iraq was the Scud. Nazi Germany wanted to replace anti-aircraft guns with the (*) surface-to-air type of these weapons. For 10 points, what projected weapons that carry explosive devices name a 1962 crisis in Cuba?	{missiles} [prompt on {\"nuclear bomb\"} until \"surface-to-air\" is mentioned; do not accept or prompt on rocket(s)]	History
q2200_4	The size of these objects is given by the Schwarzschild (“SHWARTZ child”) radius. According to quantum mechanics, these objects emit Hawking radiation. One of them, Sagittarius A Star, sits at the center of our galaxy and has four million times the mass of our sun. For 10 points, what are these objects in outer space from which supposedly nothing, not even light, can escape?	{black holes}	Science
q832_3	This text was written down by Sahabas (sah-HAH-bahs) after the death of the leader that received it. The clarification of the meaning and significance of this document is the practice of tafsir (TAHFSEER). Its hundred and fourteen chapters are called suras (soor-AHS).	Qur'an [or Koran]	Literature
q2706_1	Friezes removed from this building in 1812 are now housed in the British museum and are known as the Elgin Marbles.	The {Parthenon}	Fine Arts
q281_4	The Bukit Timah (“boo-KIT tee-MAH”) Nature Reserve is the largest area of rainforest left in this city. The five star Raffles Hotel is named after the city's founder, while the island of Sentosa is home to a new Universal Studios Theme Park. Its Changi (“CHANG-eye”) airport is a regional hub, and the city is connected by bridge to Johor (“JO-hor”), in Malaysia. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian city-state, the most densely populated country in Asia.	Republic of {Singapore}	Geography
q1193_3	William Hale Thompson was mayor of this city where the death of Mathias J. Degan led to the execution of August Spies. In addition to that event near the McCormick factory, an event in this city saw Pigasus the Pig nominated for President by people like Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman. This city was the site of the Haymarket Square Riot and the 1968 Democratic National Convention.	Chicago, Illinois	History
q717_1	This man wrote a 1729 satirical essay suggesting that poor people in Ireland should sell their children as food.	Jonathan {Swift}	Philosophy
q236_1	This leader fought with co-emperor Licinius in battles at Cibalae (SEE-ball-AY) and Adrianople.	{Constantine I} [or {Constantine} the {Great;} or {Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus;} or Saint {Constantine}]	History
q5457_2	Although he is not Sun Tzu, this man wrote a version of The Art of War. He wrote a critique of Roman history in his Discourses on Livy.	Niccolo {Machiavelli}	Philosophy
q1600_4	This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots. Kathy Bates won an Emmy in 2012 for her role as the ghost of one of this actor's characters. That character played by this actor died after getting hit by a train and was replaced by (*) Walden Schmidt. This actor stated that he was a "rock star from Mars" with "tiger blood" on a Today Show interview.	{Charlie Sheen} [or {Carlos Irwin Estevez;} prompt on {\"Sheen\"} or {\"Estevez\"}]	Trash
q1780_3	This author created a fictional author who wrote the equally fictional book, Venus on the Half-Shell. That fictional author, Kilgore Trout, appears in many of this man's works, including Breakfast of Champions and God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. He also wrote about a man who is abducted by (*) Trafalmadorians after surviving the firebombing of Dresden.	Kurt Vonnegut	Literature

q35_3

This country's city of Manaus is located at the confluence of the Solimoes [sue-lee-moish] and Negro [naygrow] rivers. Its capital city was designed by Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer. One city in this nation is home to the statue of Christ the Redeemer.

Federative Republic of {Brazil}

Geography

q2641_1

The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity.

{mass} [prompt on {m;} accept {energy} before "inertia"]

Science

q4074_1

This planet was mapped by the Magellan probe.

Venus

Science

q2581_1

In one of this artist's paintings, Mercury wears a red sash as he reaches up to an orange in an orange grove; that painting, whose central figure stands next to the Three Graces, is La Primavera.

Sandro Botticelli [or Alessandro (di Mariano di Vanni) Filipepi]

Fine Arts

q419_2

Among this poet's famous lines are "Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all" and "Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die". In addition to "In Memoriam A.H.H.," this Poet Laureate under Queen Victoria also wrote "The Lady of Shalott."

Alfred, Lord Tennyson

Literature

q2065_2

This book's main character pays a debt to his landlord by rescuing the seamstress Constance. Earlier in this book, set in the time of Louis XIII (13), the same character challenges his friends to duels but later helps them fend off the troops of Cardinal Richelieu (REE-shee-loo).

The Three Musketeers [or Les Trois Mousquetaires]

Literature

q2571_2

In one of his paintings, this man included a self-portrait as the flayed skin held by St. Bartholomew; the nudity in that painting was censored by the Catholic Church. This man sculpted a horned Moses and worked on the tomb of Pope (*) Julius II.

Michelangelo (di Lodovico) Buonarroti (Simoni) [accept either underlined name]

Fine Arts

q1605_3

In one work, this character is almost forced to marry Marcellina until it is revealed she is his long-lost mother. In another work, he advises a former employer to dress as a drunken soldier to get into Rosina's house. This former servant of Count Almaviva sings his name over and over again in "Largo al Factotum," an aria from a Rossini opera.

{Figaro} [prompt on The Barber of Seville before mentioned; accept The Marriage of Figaro until "employer"]

Fine Arts

q411_3

This artist did not finish his Cars series, which showed various Mercedes-Benz models. This artist created a six-hour film of a man sleeping. Fifty copies of the same image from the movie Niagara were varyingly colored in one of his works, and his studio was known as "The Factory."

Andy {Warhol} [or Andrew {Warhola}]

History

q3488_2

An alpha particle is a nucleus of this element, which has a filled 1s (ONE S) orbital but no p orbitals at ground state. After the Hindenburg disaster, this gas replaced hydrogen in zeppelins and blimps.

helium [accept He before it is read]

Science

q7032_5

Franz Schubert's three symphonies in this key are nicknamed Tragic, Little, and Great. Mozart's Jupiter Symphony and Bach's first Prelude from The Well Tempered Clavier are in this major key, whose relative minor is A minor. Instruments pitched in this key include the bassoon, oboe, and flute. A scale in this key played on piano only hits (*) white keys. For 10 points, name this musical key that contains no sharps or flats.

{C major} [prompt on \"C\" before \"major key\" is mentioned; do not prompt on or accept \"c minor\"]

Fine Arts

q1760_3

One superstition concerning certain winners of this election is known as Tecumseh's (“teh-CUM- seh's”) Curse. Third party candidates in previous elections of this type include Ross Perot and Teddy Roosevelt. Its most recent iteration concentrated on the economy, the war in Iraq, and people associated with Barack Obama.

{Presidential general} election [accept either]

History

q1973_1

One character in this book deliberately pours syrup all over his lunch.

To Kill a Mockingbird

Literature

q83_1

The U.S. Naval Observatory is the official residence for holders of this office, which Spiro Agnew resigned when he was charged with tax fraud.

{Vice President} of the United States [do not accept or prompt on {\"President\"}]

History

q3249_1

The third game in this series saw its first set of dual worlds and the first use of the Spin Attack technique.

The {Legend} of {Zelda} [prompt on {Zelda}]

Trash

q304_2

This geographical feature has its lowest point at Bentley Trench. A lake here lies under Vostok Station.

Antarctica

Geography

q51_2

Landmarks on this island include the El Yunque (“YOON-kay”) rainforest and Fort San Felipe del Moro. Humacao (“HOO-muh-COW”), Caguas (“CAW-gwahs”), Bayamon (“BYE-uh-moan”), and Ponce (“PAWN-say”) are some of its municipalities.

Puerto Rico

Geography

q179_2

This city's northeast is home to Mount Scopus (“SCOPE-us”), often used as a point of attack by forces attempting to invade it. Landmarks in this city include the Dome of the Rock, revered by many Muslims who consider this city their third holiest, and the western wall of the former Temple Mount, which is now a major site for followers of Judaism.

Jerusalem

Geography

q2837_4

His opposition to harsh retaliation after the sinking of the Lusitania caused this politician to resign as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of State. This man argued against Clarence Darrow in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He proclaimed that "you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns" in his (*) "Cross of Gold" speech. For 10 points, name this three-time Democratic presidential nominee, known as The Great Commoner.

William Jennings Bryan

History

q512_4

Observers of this holiday often eat jelly-filled doughnuts called sufganiyot (soof-GAH-nee-yoat) and potato pancakes called latkes. They may play a game with a spinning top whose sides are marked nun, gimel, hey, and shin on this holiday; that object is called a dreidel (DRAY-duhl). It commemorates the successful revolt against Antiochus (an-tee-OH-kuss) led by Judah Maccabee. For 10 points, name this wintertime Jewish holiday that includes the lighting of a Menorah.

Chanukah [or {Hanukkah}]

Religion

q257_4

The Ghawar (gah-WAHR) oil field is located in this nation, whose flag contains an image of a white sword on a green field. During Operation Desert Shield, American troops defended this country, angering radical Muslims like Osama bin Laden, who was born in this country. A desert called the Empty Quarter covers its borders with Oman and the UAE. For 10 points, what kingdom occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula?

Saudi Arabia

Geography

q2584_1

In 1994, thieves that stole this painting left a note reading “Thanks for the poor security.”

The {Scream} [or {Skrik}; accept The {Cry}]

Fine Arts

q1542_3

The “law of” these objects states that the torque (“tork”) on one side is equal to the torque on the other side. These objects can be classified as first class, second class, or third class depending on the location of the fulcrum. For 10 points, name these simple machines, familiar examples of which include a wheelbarrow and see-saw.

levers

Science

q4866_2

Temples dedicated to this god include the Trimbakeshwar and Ramanaswathamy. Five is a sacred number to this god, which is reflected in his namesake "Five Mantras".

Shiva [accept Shiva the Destroyer, Shiva the Transformer]

Mythology

q4248_4

This man was killed by a crossbow bolt while besieging the castle Charlus-Chabrol. After the departure of Philip Augustus of France, this man led the Christian armies in the Third Crusade, during which he achieved peace with Saladin. He was succeeded by his brother John. For 10 points, name this 12th-century King of England known by an epithet signifying his bravery.

Richard I of England [or Richard the Lionhearted; or Richard Coeur de Lion; prompt on Richard]

History

q3313_1

This figure met his demise when he was struck by a piece of wood from his own vessel.

{Jason}

Mythology

q1488_3

This ruler was forced to wait eight months to begin a campaign for the throne he contested with the King of Norway, Harald Hardrada (hard-RAH-dah), whose own campaign ended unsuccessfully at Stamford Bridge. This man feigned his death in order to trick Harold Godwinson into defeat at the Battle of Hastings. For 10 points, name this Norman ruler whose achievements were chronicled on the Bayeux Tapestry.

{William I} of England [or {William} the {Conqueror;} or {William} the {Bastard;} or {William II} of {Normandy;} or {Guillaume} le {Conquérant;} prompt on {William} of {Normandy}]

History

q1619_3

Cherenkov (“CHAIR-en-kov”) radiation exists when this value is exceeded. The ratio of this quantity in a vacuum to this quantity in a material is that material's index of refraction. It is squared and multiplied by mass to give energy in an equation derived by Einstein, E equals m c squared.

speed of {light} [accept {c} before mentioned]

Science

q3403_1

The carrack Mary Rose sank during the reign of this ruler, who ordered Thomas Cromwell to dissolve the monasteries.

{Henry VIII} [prompt on Henry or {Henry} Tudor]

History

q4861_3

Before this event, a three-year winter will end almost all life. During this event, one deity's son will use a giant shoe to take revenge for his father's death. At its start, Heimdall will blow the Gjallarhorn and Loki will break free from his imprisonment.

Ragnarök [prompt on Gotterdammerung; prompt on end of the world]

Mythology

q245_3

This river divides Minneapolis and St. Paul. In 1927, this river's flood was the worst in US history, causing a system of levees to be built that was the world's longest. Nicknamed the "Big Muddy", this river serves as part of the border between (*) Louisiana and its namesake state.

{Mississippi} River

Geography

q304_6

This geographical feature has its lowest point at Bentley Trench. A lake here lies under Vostok Station. Mt. Erebus is found on Ross Island off itscoast, between Marie Byrd and Victoria lands. The Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains contains its highest peak, Vinson Massif, located on the Ronne (*) Ice Shelf. Getting only 5-10 inches of precipitation a year, it is considered a desert.

Antarctica

Geography

q3249_3

The third game in this series saw its first set of dual worlds and the first use of the Spin Attack technique. A common theme in this game is the protagonist's attempts to rescue the title princess and reunite the Triforce. This series includes games subtitled A Link to the Past and The Ocarina of Time.

The {Legend} of {Zelda} [prompt on {Zelda}]

Trash

q1843_2

This term describes a "zone" below the water table in which groundwater is found. This term describes compounds that contain only single bonds.

{saturated} [or word forms, such as {saturation}]

Science

q169_2

n this state's capital, the Lane Avenue Bridge crosses the Olentangy River. Another of its cities contains historic Italian architecture in its Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, while another city, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, contains Case Western Reserve University.

Ohio

Geography

q1447_2

One of this deity's possessions is a ring that creates eight copies of itself every nine nights. This deity learned nine songs and eighteen runes after hanging from the world tree for nine days.

Odin

Mythology

q605_2

He published a then-controversial theory in "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres," whose preface included a dedication to Pope Paul III so as to deflect controversy. In critiquing an opposing theory, he criticized the separate treatment of each planet, as had been done by Ptolemy (TAHL-eh-mee).

Nicolaus Copernicus

Science

q1203_2

The Darien Scheme was an attempt by Scotland to create another structure similar to this entity. The Hay-Bunau Varilla (HAY BOO-now vah-REE-yuh) Treaty allowed the United States to begin constructing this entity.

{Panama} Canal [or {Canal} de {Panama}]

History

q776_3

Some of the most important teachings of this religion include the Four Noble Truths and the Middle Way. One of the main branches of this religion is also known as the "School of Elders," while another is known as the "Great Vehicle." Those are the Theravada and Mahayana branches of this religion.

Buddhism

Religion

q1043_3

These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez). According to Goldbach's conjecture, every integer greater than two can be expressed as a sum of two of them. Every positive integer can be expressed as a factorization of these numbers.

prime numbers [or primes]

Science

q1404_3

In this book, Mr. Wickham goes to Brighton and runs off with Lydia. Another character in this book chooses not to dance with the protagonist or any of her four sisters when he first appears at a ball, though he changes his ways after he is accused of trying to split up Jane and Mr. Bingley. For 10 points, Elizabeth Bennett's relations with Mr. Darcy unfold in what novel by Jane Austen?

{Pride and Prejudice}

Literature

q1992_2

During World War II, this country was run by Josef Terboven, though its official Minister President was Vidkun Quisling. It used to be the western part of the Kalmar Union.

Kingdom of {Norway} [accept {Kongeriket Norge}]

History

q354_1

One famous work for this instrument is Caprice No. 24 by Paganini (pag-uh-NEE-nee).

violin

Fine Arts

q3072_1

A 2003 restoration of Verrochio's depiction of this figure revealed the sculptor's fingerprint.

David

Fine Arts

q3048_4

Frederick Muhlenberg was the first person to hold this office. This office is granted appointment power for select and conference committees. It confers the ability to schedule legislation for the floor and the person in this position controls the flow of debate. It is second in the line of presidential succession.

{Speaker of the House} of Representatives

History

q1891_1

Opposite corners of this constellation are at the start Saiph and Bellatrix.

{Orion} [prompt on the \"Hunter\"]

Science

q4929_3

This nation's men's soccer team was only allowed to play home matches in empty stadiums in 2012 after 74 fans were killed at a league match in Port Said (sah-EED). This nation's government, controlled by the Islamic Brotherhood and headed by Mohamed (*) Morsi, came to power after the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak (moo-BAR-ak). For 10 points, name this nation which in 2011 had riots in Tahrir Square in Cairo.

Egypt

Trash

q36_2

This nation owns the islands of Ushant and Corsica. Ethnic minorities in it include speakers of Alemannic (ah-leh-MAN-ic) German in Alsace, the Celtic-speaking (KELL-tick) Bretons, and, in the northern Pyrenees (PEER-eh-nees), the Basques (BASKS).

France [or French Republic; or République Française]

Geography

q1410_3

This conflict saw a battle for Kunduz (“CUN-dooz”), which saw cooperation between U.S. and German forces. The British “Operation Herrick” and American “Operation Enduring Freedom” led to a quick ousting of the Taliban regime, but Stanley McChrystal recently stated an increase of 500,000 troops would be needed to continue this war. For 10 points, name this current war fought in a country bordering Pakistan.

War in {Afghanistan} [accept {War} against the {Taliban} before mentioned; accept other obvious

History

q4670_1

One theory of this entity's creation states that a Mars-sized body named Theia (“THEE-uh”) collided with its parent planet.

Moon

Science

q4945_1

Ribosome subunits pass through pores in this structure's namesake envelope and are produced in one part of it.

nucleus

Science

q1094_4

Iron-56 dominates the spectra of absorption lines for one class of these phenomena, which are caused by white dwarves exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit. An inert nickel-iron core in a star leads to one on account of a lack of degeneracy pressure. One with official designation 2003fg reached two solar masses before exploding, and was given the nickname "Champagne." For 10 points, name these gigantic stellar explosions.

{supernovae} [or {supernovas;} prompt on {stellar collapse;} do not accept or prompt on \"nova\"]

Science

q1086_2

One composer from this country depicted a "March to the Scaffold" in a five movement symphony, while another used a snare drum ostinato in a Spanish-inspired piece. A third composer from this country used a Mallarmé (MAL-ar-MAY) poem for his Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.

Republic of France

Fine Arts

q1946_1

The Justice Department suggested using race as a basis for this practice in the 1990's.

gerrymandering

History

q1504_2

This shape is traced out by the set of all points that are equidistant from a focus and a directrix (“dir- ECK-tricks”). It is the only conic section that can be graphed as a function.

{parabola}

Science

q4969_2

This structure is divided into Brodmann areas, and develops from the telencephalon ("TEAL"-en- SEFF-ah-"lawn"). The corpus callosum ("CORE"-puss kuh-LOE-sum) connects the two hemispheres of this structure, which is divided into temporal, parietal, occipital, and frontal lobes.

{cerebrum} [accept {cerebral cortex;} accept {neocortex;} accept {forebrain;} prompt on brain]

Science

q541_4

In Jainism, this object's central point is Mount Meru. In Chinese mythology, this object is the lower half of a cosmic egg split by Pangu, while in ancient Egypt the original form of this object was the primordial (*) mound. This region will be reborn from a massive flood after Rangarok. For 10 points, name this planet subjected to a massive flood that Noah escaped.

{Earth} [accept equivalents like world or land before \"planet\" is mentioned]

Mythology

q366_5

Maria Callas, nicknamed "The Divine," had this vocal range. One aria sung in this voice promises revenge against Tamino and Pamina and is named for its singer, the Queen of the Night. That aria contains several series of high C's, and the lowest notes this voice calls for is the A below the staff. One subtype of this voice is called the coloratura. For 10 points, name this vocal range which is above the alto.

soprano

Fine Arts

q295_3

The first president of this nation, Douglas Hyde, was elected thanks to the founder of the Fianna Fail party, the Taoiseach ["tee-shock"] Eamon de Valera. Earlier, this country's members of Sinn Fein started the Easter Rising, and William Gladstone supported its "Home Rule." Michael Collins led this country's (*) IRA.

Republic of Ireland

History

q39_1

The Isthmus of Tehuantepec (teh-WAHN-tuh-peck) is located in this nation, whose capital is overlooked by twin volcanoes called "Izta" and "Popo."

Mexico [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]

Geography

q331_4

Hampstead Heath and Kensington Gardens are parks in this city which is served by the "Jubilee Line," "Piccadilly Line," and "Victoria Line" of its subway system, the Underground. A Norman castle built by William the Conqueror is this city's "Tower." Its other landmarks include Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, and the houses of Parliament. For 10 points, name this city on the River Thames, the capital of Britain.

London

Geography

q4783_1

The first Supreme Court case to deal with this doctrine was Regents of the University of California v.

affirmative action

Social Science

q1102_1

When this athlete was the 2004 NBA Rookie of the Year, he became the youngest person ever to win that award.

LeBron Raymone {James}

Trash

q101_4

The D double prime layer lies in the lowest part of this region. The upper part of this region mainly consists of magnesium-iron silicates such as pyroxene (“pie-ROX-een”) and olivine (“olive een”). This layer extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers and contains more than half the Earth's mass. For 10 points, name this molten layer of the Earth that is found between the crust and the core.

{mantle}

Science

q5176_4

These objects contain the zone of plastic flow and the zone of brittle flow. They are formed by compressing firn, and parts of them break off by calving. Till is soil left behind by these objects, which also push material to form moraines. Cirques (SERKS) and fjords (FYORDS) are among the landforms due to erosion by these objects.

glaciers

Science

q1057_2

In one episode in this work, the narrator tries to convince adults that he is drawing a snake digesting an elephant, which they confuse with a hat. The title character of this novella lived on an asteroid the size of a house before catching a rose in a lie and becoming lonely.

The Little Prince [or Le Petit Prince]

Literature

q1548_1

In one work by this composer, the title character slices an anvil in half and kills the dragon Fafner with the sword Nothung (NO-tung); in another opera, Brunnhilde rides into a funeral pyre that burns Valhalla.

Richard {Wagner} (ree-kart VAHG-ner)

Fine Arts

q403_1

States in this nation include Mato Grosso and Bahia, a center of 17th-century sugar plantations.

Federative Republic of Brazil

Geography

q130_3

This nation's cities include Pleiku in the Central Highlands and the port of Haiphong on the Gulf of Tonkin near the Red River delta. The Mekong River also has its delta in this country, south of Ho Chi Minh City, formerly known as Saigon. For 10 points, what Southeast Asian nation was divided between "North" and "South" governments during a war that saw the commitment of U.S. troops in 1965?

Socialist Republic of {Vietnam} (or {Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam})

Geography

q1298_2

For any odd number greater than one, there exists one of these types of sets where that number is the smallest of the three elements. By definition, all numbers in these kinds of sets are integers.

{Pythagorean triples} [accept clear-knowledge equivalents; prompt on {Pythagorean theorem}]

Science

q696_1

In one work, this man depicted five nude prostitutes, two of them in African masks.

Pablo (Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y) {Picasso}

Fine Arts

q5093_5

The uniform probability distribution takes this shape. Rotating this shape using one of its sides as an axis yields a cylinder. This shape is traced out by the x-axis, the y-axis, and the equations x equals two and y equals six. Each diagonal of this kind of quadrilateral divides it into two congruent right triangles. For 10 points, give this shape that has four right angles.

{rectangles} [do not accept or prompt on "square"]

Science

q1323_3

This musician says, after declaring "now I'm gonna make you dance," "girl you know you're my world" in his song "Just Lose It." His film debut came in 8 Mile, which included a song mentioning "vomit on his sweater already, mom's spaghetti." That song was "Lose Yourself."

Eminem [or Marshall Bruce Mathers III]

Trash

q92_4

The Panspermia theory holds that life first developed on these objects. These objects contain a coma surrounding a nucleus. They originate in the Oort Cloud and Kuiper (KYE-per) Belt, and their dust tails point away from the Sun. They include Shoemaker-Levy 9, which crashed into Jupiter.

comets

Science

q6541_3

The Bernoulli one approximates the powers of x plus 1 to a linear equation using the power for the slope. The "triangle" one sets a restriction for the possible lengths of the third side of a triangle given the other two. Dividing by a negative number results in a sign change in, for 10 points, what mathematical statement about relative size of two entities, characterized by use of greater-than and less-than signs?

inequality

Science

q3477_1

This planet's 700 kilometer-wide impact crater Rembrandt was discovered by the MESSENGER spacecraft orbiting it.

Mercury

Science

q325_2

Parts of this continent named for 19th century sailors include Palmer Land and Wilkes Land. Vostok(VAH-stock) is a Russian station on this continent, parts of which are claimed by Norway, Argentina, and New Zealand.

Antarctica

Geography

q236_4

This leader fought with co-emperor Licinius in battles at Cibalae (SEE-ball-AY) and Adrianople. It is said that he had a vision before the Battle of Milvian Bridge. He called for the Council of Nicaea and issued the Edict of Milan. He was the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity, and he established an eastern capital at Byzantium.

{Constantine I} [or {Constantine} the {Great;} or {Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus;} or Saint {Constantine}]

History

q1731_4

At one point in this book, two characters recite nursery rhymes and the Gettysburg Address to avoid being hypnotized by a man with red eyes. The main character of this book meets several tentacled creatures, including one called Aunt Beast, while rescuing her father from Camazotz. Its title concept is a tesseract through which Meg Murry visits the fifth dimension. For 10 points, name this novel by Madeleine L'Engle.

A Wrinkle in Time

Literature

q2250_4

Combustion reactions produce carbon dioxide, energy, and this substance. Sometimes called the "universal solvent", it has high surface tension because it forms many hydrogen bonds. This compound is unusual in that as it is cooled, it becomes less dense, so its solid form (*) floats on top of its liquid form. For 10 points, name this compound that boils at 100 degrees Celsius, freezes at zero degrees Celsius, and has formula H2O.

{water} [or H2O before it is mentioned]

Science

q44_2

In this body of water are the Emperor Seamounts and the Chinook Trough. The Ryukyu Trench lies in it, and its islands include Pitcairn Island and Wake Island.

Pacific Ocean [do not accept or prompt on more specific answers]

Geography

q10523_4

This university's women's soccer team has won 21 national championships, more than any other school in that sport. Its men's basketball team has featured players such as Ty Lawson and Tyler Hansbrough, behind whom it won the 2009 NCAA Championship. It is currently coached by Roy Williams. For 10 points, name this university located in Chapel Hill and rival of Duke whose mascot is the Tar Heels.

{University} of {North Carolina} Chapel Hill [or {UNC}]

Trash

q3312_2

This event was orchestrated by Isoroku Yamamoto in an attempt to prevent American interference in the Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies. The date on which it occurred "will live in infamy," according to a Franklin Roosevelt speech.

the attack on {Pearl Harbor} [accept logical equivalents]

History

q1522_6

Euler characteristic of platonic solids have this value. This integer times pi gives the number of radians in the unit circle. Truth tables can evaluate to this many outputs. This value expressed in binary is 10 (ONE ZERO). This is the highest degree of a quadratic function as is the number of congruent sides in an isosceles triangle. For 10 points, give this smallest prime number, which divides all even numbers.

2

Science

q473_4

Mack, Dora, and Lee Chong try to throw a party for Doc in this author's novel Cannery Row. This author wrote about Kino's encounter with the title object in The Pearl. Two migrant workers, George and Lennie, are the main characters in his Of Mice and Men; another work features the Joad family and other "Okies." For 10 points, name this American author of The Grapes of Wrath.

John {Steinbeck} [accept {Cannery Row} before it is read]

Literature

q1292_3

This method of execution was used to kill both Charlotte Corday and Maximilian Robespierre. England's Henry VIII executed his wives Catherine Howard and Anne Boleyn using this method. During the French Revolution, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were both executed by this method.

death/execution by {beheading} [{accept guillotine} and its word forms; accept any other answer that suggests {decapitation}]

History

q394_1

This city was founded by Cadmus after following a cow until it sat.

Thebes

Mythology

q89_3

The Sorbonne is the university of this city, which is divided into twenty arrondissements. This city is the site of a monument built to commemorate victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, the Arc de Triomphe. Notre Dame cathedral is located in this city on the Seine River, where tourists may also visit the Eiffel Tower.

Paris

Geography

q1730_2

This company's chief operating officer, who addressed issues facing working women in her book Lean In, is Sheryl Sandberg. While some people blamed its loss in value last year on Morgan Stanley, others blamed its CFO David Ebersman, who offered a lot of (*) shares at a high price during its May 2012 initial public offering.

Facebook

Trash

q1676_4

One type of this weapon would have been defended against by President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative. Another type of these developed by the Soviet Union and used by Iraq was the Scud. Nazi Germany wanted to replace anti-aircraft guns with the (*) surface-to-air type of these weapons. For 10 points, what projected weapons that carry explosive devices name a 1962 crisis in Cuba?

{missiles} [prompt on {\"nuclear bomb\"} until \"surface-to-air\" is mentioned; do not accept or prompt on rocket(s)]

History

q2200_4

The size of these objects is given by the Schwarzschild (“SHWARTZ child”) radius. According to quantum mechanics, these objects emit Hawking radiation. One of them, Sagittarius A Star, sits at the center of our galaxy and has four million times the mass of our sun. For 10 points, what are these objects in outer space from which supposedly nothing, not even light, can escape?

{black holes}

Science

q832_3

This text was written down by Sahabas (sah-HAH-bahs) after the death of the leader that received it. The clarification of the meaning and significance of this document is the practice of tafsir (TAHFSEER). Its hundred and fourteen chapters are called suras (soor-AHS).

Qur'an [or Koran]

Literature

q2706_1

Friezes removed from this building in 1812 are now housed in the British museum and are known as the Elgin Marbles.

The {Parthenon}

Fine Arts

q281_4

The Bukit Timah (“boo-KIT tee-MAH”) Nature Reserve is the largest area of rainforest left in this city. The five star Raffles Hotel is named after the city's founder, while the island of Sentosa is home to a new Universal Studios Theme Park. Its Changi (“CHANG-eye”) airport is a regional hub, and the city is connected by bridge to Johor (“JO-hor”), in Malaysia. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian city-state, the most densely populated country in Asia.

Republic of {Singapore}

Geography

q1193_3

William Hale Thompson was mayor of this city where the death of Mathias J. Degan led to the execution of August Spies. In addition to that event near the McCormick factory, an event in this city saw Pigasus the Pig nominated for President by people like Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman. This city was the site of the Haymarket Square Riot and the 1968 Democratic National Convention.

Chicago, Illinois

History

q717_1

This man wrote a 1729 satirical essay suggesting that poor people in Ireland should sell their children as food.

Jonathan {Swift}

Philosophy

q236_1

This leader fought with co-emperor Licinius in battles at Cibalae (SEE-ball-AY) and Adrianople.

{Constantine I} [or {Constantine} the {Great;} or {Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus;} or Saint {Constantine}]

History

q5457_2

Although he is not Sun Tzu, this man wrote a version of The Art of War. He wrote a critique of Roman history in his Discourses on Livy.

Niccolo {Machiavelli}

Philosophy

q1600_4

This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots. Kathy Bates won an Emmy in 2012 for her role as the ghost of one of this actor's characters. That character played by this actor died after getting hit by a train and was replaced by (*) Walden Schmidt. This actor stated that he was a "rock star from Mars" with "tiger blood" on a Today Show interview.

{Charlie Sheen} [or {Carlos Irwin Estevez;} prompt on {\"Sheen\"} or {\"Estevez\"}]

Trash

q1780_3

This author created a fictional author who wrote the equally fictional book, Venus on the Half-Shell. That fictional author, Kilgore Trout, appears in many of this man's works, including Breakfast of Champions and God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. He also wrote about a man who is abducted by (*) Trafalmadorians after surviving the firebombing of Dresden.

Kurt Vonnegut

Literature