caimira/pb-queries · Datasets at Hugging Face

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q3_4	The winning side of this battle had its main position at Henry House Hill. The losing side was led by General Irvin McDowell. General Joseph Johnston rushed reinforcements to P. G.T Beauregard at this battle. General Bernard Bee was shot at this battle after proclaiming, "There stands Jackson like a stone wall!"	{First} Battle of {Bull Run} [or {First} Battle of {Manassas;} prompt on {Bull} Run; prompt on {Manassas}]	History
q1760_1	One superstition concerning certain winners of this election is known as Tecumseh's (“teh-CUM- seh's”) Curse.	{Presidential general} election [accept either]	History
q1568_3	Alternatives to it include the Knoop test, the Vickers test, and measurement with a sclerometer (“sclair- AH-meh-tuhr”). Although decimal values are allowed, it is more common to say that an object's value is between that of two reference materials based on the scratch test. Corundum has a value of nine and talc has a value of one on, for 10 points, what scale that measures a mineral's hardness?	{Mohs} scale	Science
q3693_4	Areas in this region with substantially reduced object distribution are known as Kirkwood gaps and are formed by the gravitational strength of the planet behind it. One body in this region has a satellite known as Dactyl. Besides Ida, other objects located here include Pallas, Vesta, and the smallest dwarf planet in the Solar System, Ceres. For 10 points, name this ring of small astronomical bodies located between Mars and Jupiter.	{Asteroid Belt} [prompt on {asteroids}]	Science
q3276_3	An operation of this name can be performed on two matrices, one of which has an equal number of rows to the other's number of columns. Although this operation is not uniquely defined for vectors, two approximations are the cross product and the dot product. This operation is governed by the distributive property.	{multiplication} [accept matrix {multiplication} in the first sentence]	Science
q2788_4	This man elucidated Heron's formula before Heron proved it. He supposedly created a death ray out of mirrors in order to defeat an invading Roman army. A task given to him by Hiero ("HIGH"-er-oh) of Syracuse led to his discovery that the buoyancy of an object is equal to the fluid displaced. For 10 points, who supposedly ran into the streets shouting "Eureka!"	Archimedes of Syracuse	History
q612_4	Three of these creatures named Brontes (BRAWN-teez), Steropes (stair-OH-peez), and Arges (ARgeez) forged Zeus's lightning bolts and, after their creation, were locked in Tartarus by Uranus. Poseidon conjured a storm in rage after one of these creatures was blinded by "nobody." That creature lived on an island with a flock of sheep and was called Polyphemus (pawl-ee-FEE-muss). For 10 points, name this race of one-eyed giants from Greek mythology.	Cyclopes [or Cyclops]	Mythology
q1625_3	This character becomes his team's leader after defeating Spitz in a final fight. After being sold to Mercedes, Hal, and Charles, he is rescued by John Thornton. His devotion to Thornton is total; he saves Thornton's life from a drunken miner and from river rapids.	Buck	Literature
q3131_2	The period of a spring is given by two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant. Heat transfer is equal to the specific heat times the change in temperature times this quantity.	{mass} [accept {inertia} before \"m\" is read; prompt on m before mentioned]	Science
q4638_2	The density of objects drops to almost zero at this region's namesake cliff. Most of the objects found here are called cubewanos (“KYOO-bee-WAHN-ohs”).	Edgeworth-{Kuiper belt} [or Edgeworth-Kuiper Disc]	Science
q1365_1	This instrument plays the opening Promenade in Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, as well as the rising theme C-G-C in the opening of Richard Strauss' Thus Spake Zarathustra.	trumpet	Fine Arts
q2535_1	In one common lab demo, a balloon is shattered after being treated with nitrogen in this form.	liquid phase [or liquids]	Science
q1295_3	Judge Maria Lourdes Afiuni (lord-AYS ah-FEE-oon-EE) was arrested in this country on graft charges because she ordered the release of banker Luis Cedeno (loo-EE SEH-dane-YO). In the past twelve years, this country nationalized major companies like the steel corporation SIDOR. It has always owned PDVSA, which is one of the five largest oil companies in the world.	Bolivarian Republic of {Venezuela}	Trash
q2223_3	Symbols in this painting include a pair of discarded clogs and a chandelier with one lit candle. In the middle of this painting, a feather duster and a beaded chain flank the artist's signature, which is above a circular mirror. A dog sits near this painting's two human figures, one of whom wears a green dress as she holds the hand of her suitor.(*)	{The Arnolfini Marriage} [accept {The Arnolfini Wedding} or any answer with Arnolfini and the suggestion of marriage; accept {The Arnolfini Portrait} or The Arnolfini Double Portrait]	Fine Arts
q1992_3	During World War II, this country was run by Josef Terboven, though its official Minister President was Vidkun Quisling. It used to be the western part of the Kalmar Union. More recently, in 2011 it suffered from a mass (*) murder at a youth league camp carried out by Anders Breivik.	Kingdom of {Norway} [accept {Kongeriket Norge}]	History
q483_1	A problem of antiquity concerned constructing a square of the same area as one of these shapes using compass and straightedge; that problem is known as "squaring" this shape.	circles	Science
q331_2	Hampstead Heath and Kensington Gardens are parks in this city which is served by the "Jubilee Line," "Piccadilly Line," and "Victoria Line" of its subway system, the Underground. A Norman castle built by William the Conqueror is this city's "Tower."	London	Geography
q2359_5	In the Gospel of James, this Biblical figure is described as the child of Anna and Joachim. At the First Council of Ephesus, this figure was given the epithet Theotokos, or "God-Bearer." Martin Luther described this person as "the highest woman." This woman is held to be free from original sin under the doctrine of Immaculate Conception. For 10 points, name this mother of Jesus of Nazareth.	{Blessed Virgin Mary} [or {Mary, Mother} of {God;} or {Saint Mary;} or {Mother Mary;} or obvious equivalents to {Mary} the {mother of Jesus} before read; prompt on {Mary;} prompt on Our {Lady;} prompt on {Mother} of the {Church;} prompt on {Queen} of {Heaven;} do not accept "Mary Magdalene"]	Religion
q2481_1	Darwin predicted the existence of a Madagascar moth after observing one of these structures, which have separate male/female types in dioecious [dy-oh-EE-shus] species.	{flower} [do not prompt on \"plant\"]	Science
q1050_3	Anglican and Islamic versions of this action each include 100 steps. This action involves meditation on a chaplet, which is a set of luminous, glorious, joyful, or sorrowful mysteries. It ends with the Salve Regina (sal-VAY reh-JEEN-uh) prayer, which follows a multiple of five decades as depicted by the namesake instrument.	{praying a rosary} [or {saying a rosary;} or obvious equivalents mentioning the {rosary}]	Religion
q855_1	This writer symbolized the warbling of a thrush in a swamp and the western fallen star in a poem entitled “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd.”	Walter {Whitman}	Literature
q1546_3	He wrote his first novel, "This Can't Be Happening At Macdonald Hall" while still in seventh grade. Characters Bruno and Boots star in six of this author's other novels; since then, he has written four installments of the "39 Clues" series, including "One False Note" and "The Emperor's Code". The (*) "Swindle" and "On The Run" series were written by, for 10 points, what author of "Ungifted"?	Gordon {Korman}	Literature
q1518_3	This city is where Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man works at the Liberty Paint Company. George Selden wrote about a cricket in one of this city's major public spaces. The Great Gatsby takes place in this city where Percy Jackson visits the Metropolitan Museum of Art.	New York City	Literature
q1598_1	One structure in this organ, the Bowman's capsule, is divided into several layers including the visceral and parietal layers.	kidneys	Science
q2824_2	In 1948 Nathuram Godse (“nuh-THOO-ram GOD-see”) shot this man, whose major work, Hind Swaraj (“HINNED SWAR-ahzh”), was published in South Africa before World War I. His protest against the salt tax was part of his campaign of satyagraha (“SOT-yuh-GRAH-hah”), which sought to undermine British rule through non-cooperation.	Mohandas (Karamchand) {Gandhi} [or Mahatma {Gandhi} before mentioned]	History
q2012_4	This work features a story in which a fisherman finds a world without money. Another character in this work mistakes a fish for a large island. Another story from this collection concerns a character who sees forty (*) thieves going into a cave of treasures. For 10 points, name this work that features characters such as Sinbad the Sailor and Ali Baba, a collection of folk tales narrated by Scheherezade.	{1001 Nights} or The {Arabian Nights} Entertainment	Literature
q315_1	One work by this composer opens with a flute solo descending and ascending chromatically, followed by a prolonged pause.	Claude-Achille {Debussy}	Fine Arts
q3313_4	This figure met his demise when he was struck by a piece of wood from his own vessel. While in Colchis (“COAL-chiss”) visiting King Aeetes (“ay-EE-tees”), he accomplished such tasks as yoking fire- breathing oxen and dispatching a group of warriors that sprang forth after dragon teeth were sown into the ground, all to get the Golden Fleece. He was aided in these tasks by his future wife Medea. For 10 points, name this leader of the Argonauts.	{Jason}	Mythology
q589_3	This substance forms in the Bergeron process, in which vapor pressure drops as crystals grow. It can be produced by the lake effect, and it always stays below (*) freezing, unlike sleet, which melts and refreezes as it falls. For 10 points, name this type of precipitation which falls as six-sided flakes.	{snowflakes} [prompt on \"precipitation\"]	Science
q1969_2	This man used powers granted by the Taft-Hartley Act during a confrontation with air traffic controllers, and his Defense Secretary resigned after violations of the Boland Amendment were revealed. Before those events during his presidency, he served as Governor of California from 1967 until 1975.	Ronald (Wilson) Reagan	History
q787_4	Some of this company's products use the SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine and the Gecko rendering engine. This free software company grew out of Netscape and produces an email client called Thunderbird. Its most popular product, currently on version 19, has a mobile version called Fennec and is a web (*) browser that was recently passed in market share by Google Chrome. For 10 points, name this company that produces Firefox.	Mozilla	Trash
q1591_3	This is the major key in which both Sergei Prokofiev's "Classical" Symphony and J.S. Bach's Air on a G String were written. A basic guitar chord of this type does not play the fifth and sixth strings and leaves open the fourth string as the root of the chord. Johann Pachelbel (PAHK-uh-BELL) wrote a canon in this key whose relative minor is B minor.	{D} major	Fine Arts
q13073_1	This award is named after the coach who holds the record for largest margin of victory in a college football game.	John {Heisman} Memorial Trophy	Trash
q428_3	One bill addressing this process required a majority of a state's residents to take the Ironclad oath; that bill was the Wade-Davis bill, which was pocket-vetoed by President Lincoln in favor of his "Ten Percent Plan" for this process. This process did not end until Rutherford B. Hayes won the Election of 1876. For 10 points, identify this post-Civil War transformation and military occupation of the South.	military reconstruction [or Reconstruction Era; accept Radical Reconstruction before "Lincoln" but do not accept afterwards]	History
q1671_4	The last "ancient" time period of this nation is named after the burial mounds, or kofun, of that time period. The Gempei War ended the Heian period of this country. Francis Xavier, a Jesuit missionary, and Commodore Matthew Perry came to this country during the Tokugawa Shogunate. For 10 points, name this country formerly ruled by Emperor Hirohito where two atomic bombs were dropped.	Japan [or Nippon]	History
q3602_4	This man patented a smokeless propellant known as ballistite. Another of his inventions consisted of diatomaceous earth. He developed a substance containing nitrocellulose, saltpeter, wood pulp, and an explosive. Used in blasting gelatin, that explosive was also used in an earlier invention.	Alfred Nobel	History
q4074_5	This planet was mapped by the Magellan probe. This planet had a notable transition of the sun in 2004 and is scheduled to make another in 2012. When it appears, it is this brightest object in the night sky. Its dense, carbon dioxide dominated atmosphere results in a runaway greenhouse effect. For 10 points, name this planet named after the Roman goddess of love, the second planet from the sun.	Venus	Science
q1743_2	The protagonist of this work returns home from the University of Ingolstadt to find that Justine Moritz has been accused of his brother William's murder. The title character, whom Robert Walton discovers in the Arctic in a frame story, had earlier married Elizabeth Lavenza, who was killed on their wedding night.	{Frankenstein,} or the {Modern Prometheus}	Literature
q1043_2	These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez). According to Goldbach's conjecture, every integer greater than two can be expressed as a sum of two of them.	prime numbers [or primes]	Science
q912_2	In this novel, shelter is provided by the Halliday and Bird families. At the beginning of this novel, the Shelby family sells their property to the St. Clare family.	Uncle Tom's Cabin	Literature
q1681_2	One of the title characters in this story tells his father he is looking back at his white cat sitting on the roof. In this story, the stepmother plans to leave the title characters in the forest.	\"Hansel and Gretel\" [or \"Hansel und Gretel\"]	Literature
q2673_2	At the Battle of Kirina, Sumanguru (SOO-man-GOO-roo) was defeated by the founder of this empire, Sundiata Keita. Another of this empire's rulers had the Sankore (SAN-koh-REH) mosque built in Timbuktu and caused a dramatic decrease in the price of gold by giving away vast amounts of the metal on his hajj to Mecca.	{Mali} Empire	History
q2149_2	This artist's statues of a dying slave and a horned Moses were to adorn the tomb of Julius II. His only signed work is one in which Mary holds the dead body of Jesus, entitled Pietá (“pee-AY-tuh”).	{Michelangelo} di Lodovico {Buonarroti} Simoni [accept either]	Fine Arts
q1061_3	This country was ruled by Fulgencio (“fool-HEN-see-oh”) Batista, who was deposed in 1959. It was the site of the Rough Riders' victory at San Juan Hill. The only U.S. territory on this island is a naval base at Guantanamo (“GWAHN-TAHN-uh-mo”) Bay.	Republic of {Cuba} [or Republica de {Cuba}]	History
q1796_2	One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria.	France	History
q191_2	Cyrus the Great allowed this structure to be built to replace a similar building destroyed during Nebuchadnezzar II's reign. Judas Maccabaeus cleansed and rededicated this structure in events celebrated during Hanukkah.	{Second Temple} of {Jerusalem} [prompt on {Temple} of {Jerusalem;} do not accept {"First Temple} of {Jerusalem"}]	Religion
q2051_1	This is the only element for which Schrodinger's equation can be solved exactly.	hydrogen [accept H before it is read]	Science
q1707_4	Modifications of this process can use PEP carboxylase ("PEP" car-BOX-ill-ase) to fix a reactant normally fixed by RuBisCO (roo-BISS-ko) in this process's dark reactions. The light reactions of this process occur along the thylakoid ("THIGH"-luh-koyd) membrane. It takes place within the chloroplasts (KLOR-oh-plasts), which contain light-absorbing chlorophylls (KLOR-oh-fills). For 10 points, name this process by which organisms, often plants, use light energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose.	photosynthesis	Science
q1280_2	This element is the most malleable and ductile metal. Like platinum, this metal cannot be dissolved by either hydrochloric or nitric acid alone, but can be dissolved by a mixture known as aqua regia (AH-quah REE-jee-ah).	gold [or Au until mentioned]	Science
q864_3	In April 2011 this country announced it was "for rent," eight years after its Head of State, Hans Adam II, joked about selling it to Bill Gates and renaming it Microsoft. This nation and Uzbekistan are the only double-landlocked countries in the world, and it is the wealthiest per capita German-speaking country. For 10 points, name this principality between Switzerland and Austria with capital Vaduz (vah-DOOZ).	Principality of {Liechtenstein} [or {Fuerstentum Liechtenstein}]	Geography
q1508_3	This party was founded by several ex-Whigs. Past leaders of this party include Newt Gingrich, the creator of the Contract with America, and Teddy Roosevelt. One member of this party made a campaign pledge of "no new taxes," and Libertarians traditionally run under this major party's banner.	{Republican} Party [accept {GOP} or {Grand Old Party} before mentioned]	History
q711_1	This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa.	{Hermes}	Mythology
q999_3	J.M.W. Turner painted one of these things before it was to be "broken up" in his The Fighting Temeraire. A black man stands in a small brown one of these things in a Winslow Homer painting. A John Copley painting showing many of these includes a group of people on one of them as Brook Watson is being rescued from a (*) shark attack.	{boats} or {ships} [accept {warships;} accept {sea vessels} before it is mentioned]	Fine Arts
q2824_3	In 1948 Nathuram Godse (“nuh-THOO-ram GOD-see”) shot this man, whose major work, Hind Swaraj (“HINNED SWAR-ahzh”), was published in South Africa before World War I. His protest against the salt tax was part of his campaign of satyagraha (“SOT-yuh-GRAH-hah”), which sought to undermine British rule through non-cooperation. For 10 points, what nonviolent leader of India's independence movement was known as the Mahatma?	Mohandas (Karamchand) {Gandhi} [or Mahatma {Gandhi} before mentioned]	History
q5362_3	This newspaper was sued by Alabama public safety officer Louis B. Sullivan. Its long-time publisher, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, died in 2012. It won one of its 108 Pulitzer prizes for printing The Pentagon Papers.	The {New York Times} [accept {NYT;} prompt on {\"Times\"}]	History
q2407_2	The second king of this country, who started the International African Association and worked with Henry Stanley to establish a colony called the Congo Free State, was Leopold II. During World War I, several battles were fought near its town of Ypres, which is in its (*) Flanders region.	Kingdom of {Belgium}	History
q10272_4	In this film, a priest's rhotacism causes him to pronounce the word "marriage" incorrectly. One character lists two classic blunders, getting involved in a land war in Asia, and having a battle of wits with a Sicilian. The main character later reveals his identity while rolling down a hill by saying, (*) "As you wish." For 10 points, name this comedic fantasy film in which Westley rescues the title character, Buttercup.	The Princess Bride	Trash
q1808_1	This structure experiences only compression, with no shear, and is therefore an inverted catenary curve.	The {Gateway Arch} [prompt on {St. Louis Arch} or equivalents before “St. Louis”]	Fine Arts
q3469_2	A series of descending examples of this scale opens Rimsky-Korsakov's famous Flight of the Bumblebee. On a guitar, one can play one of these by fingering every fret on a given string, and on the piano, one can play one of these by striking every black and white key in a row.	{chromatic} scale	Fine Arts
q529_4	At one point in this musical, Dr. Dillamond sings "Something Bad." At another point, Madame Morrible announces that the main character is now an enemy of the town, and that character then sings "Defying Gravity." The two heroines in it were originally played by Kristin Chenoweth and Idina Menzel. For 10 points, the relationship between Elphaba and Glinda is documented in what musical based on The Wizard of Oz?	Wicked	Trash
q155_3	This state is home to a Robert Smithson-designed earthwork sculpture titled Spiral Jetty. Sandstone landforms such as the Fiery Furnace and the Organ can be found in this state's Arches National Park. The (*) transcontinental railroad was officially completed in Promontory Summit in this state.	Utah	Geography
q463_2	This figure's father was struck dumb for his disbelief after being told that his wife Elizabeth would conceive this figure. He taught that “he who hath two coats” should “give to him who hath none.”	{John} the Baptist	Religion
q1069_3	This person declared we are "one people" during a run against Alan Keyes. A later campaign opponent of this person used Joe the Plumber to attack this person's policies and attempted to link this person to Bill Ayers. This person used the slogan "Yes We Can" and won the Nobel Peace Prize after less than a year in office.	Barack Hussein {Obama} II	History
q1977_2	This author of After the Fall and All My Sons wrote in another play about Willy Loman committing suicide to give insurance money to his family. In another play by this man, John Proctor and Giles Corey are executed after accusations are made by Abigail Williams and Mary Warren.	Arthur Asher {Miller}	Literature
q4046_1	One of these conflicts contained the Battle of the Trebia and the Battle of Lake Trasimene.	Punic Wars	History
q294_2	This state's ski resort of Lake Placid, the site of the 1980 Winter Olympics, and its highest point, Mount Marcy, are both located in the Adirondack Mountains. In the 19th century, its growth was aided by the Erie Canal, which brought settlers west from the Hudson River valley.	New York	Geography
q5367_1	During this battle, Confederate armies attempted to drive their opponent towards Owl Creek, but Union forces fell back towards an area known as the Hornet's Nest instead.	Battle of {Shiloh} [or Battle of Pittsburg {Landing}]	History
q13259_2	This franchise's 1934 World Series-winning team was known as the "Gas House Gang." It won the 1944 World Series over the Browns, with whom it used to share Sportsman's Park.	St. Louis Cardinals [or St. Louis Cardinals]	Trash
q6101_3	This artist of The Bridge Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors, Even drew a mustache and goatee on a Mona Lisa in L.H.O.O.Q. His Nude Descending a Staircase, No.2 was compared to an "explosion in a shingle factory." His series of readymades includes an overturned urinal inscribed "R. Mutt."	Marcel Duchamp	Fine Arts
q2105_5	This character's birthday is May 8. She trades the fish she catches at The Hob, a black market in District 12. After the reaping, she volunteers to take her sister Primrose's place. Her tumultuous relationship with Peeta continues and changes through Catching Fire and Mockingjay. For 10 points, name the protagonist of Suzanne Collins' "Hunger Games" series.	{Katniss Everdeen} [accept either underlined name]	Literature
q670_4	This function's namesake law relates the side length to the opposite angle in any triangle. Its value is one at 90 degrees but negative one at 270 degrees. Its reciprocal is the cosecant function. In a right triangle, it is defined as the ratio of opposite divided by hypotenuse.	{sine}	Science
q169_3	n this state's capital, the Lane Avenue Bridge crosses the Olentangy River. Another of its cities contains historic Italian architecture in its Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, while another city, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, contains Case Western Reserve University. Much of its northern border is at Lake (*) Erie, and it is separated from Kentucky by its namesake river.	Ohio	Geography
q1758_1	This person won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading negotiations for the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War.	{Theodore} "Teddy" {Roosevelt} [prompt on Roosevelt; prompt on T.R.]	History
q4894_3	Written by Joseph Brackett, this song mentions "the valley of love and delight." Its melody is borrowed by the clarinet in a scene depicting daily life for newlyweds; that scene is the seventh section of a 1944 ballet choreographed by Martha Graham. For 10 points, name this song from Aaron Copland's Appalachian Spring, a Shaker tune that notes "'tis the gift to be free."	{"Simple Gifts"} [prompt on {Appalachian Spring} before mentioned; prompt on anything mentioning {Shakers} before mentioned]	Fine Arts
q4935_1	Channels that carry ions made of this element are blocked by some hypertension medications.	calcium [prompt on \"Ca\" before it is mentioned]	Science
q4442_3	One of Maxwell's equations describes how this physical quantity produces a magnetic field. A diode allows it to flow in only one direction. It equals (*) voltage over resistance according to Ohm's law, and comes in alternating and direct types.	electric current [accept direct current; prompt on \"DC\"]	Science
q237_2	This is the only number that satisfies the equation sine x equals x. The additive inverse property says that the sum of any number and its additive inverse equals this number, while the additive identity property says that any number plus this number equals the original number.	{zero}	Science
q739_2	The founding of this nation was promised in the Balfour Declaration. David Ben-Gurion was the first prime minister of this nation, which has been governed by the Kadima (“kuh-DEEM-uh”) and Likud (“lie-KOOD”) parties.	{Israel}	History
q89_4	The Sorbonne is the university of this city, which is divided into twenty arrondissements. This city is the site of a monument built to commemorate victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, the Arc de Triomphe. Notre Dame cathedral is located in this city on the Seine River, where tourists may also visit the Eiffel Tower. For 10 points, name this capital of France.	Paris	Geography
q667_4	This poet wrote about a maiden who was killed by jealous angels and who lived "in a kingdom by the sea." He wrote about a creature that sits "On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door." That poem of his begins, "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary." For 10 points, name this poet of "Annabel Lee" who wrote about the title creature repeating the word "nevermore" in "The Raven."	Edgar Allen Poe	Literature
q1619_1	Cherenkov (“CHAIR-en-kov”) radiation exists when this value is exceeded.	speed of {light} [accept {c} before mentioned]	Science
q4816_4	These objects are often responsible for the formation of "rock flour." When these objects retreat, they often create eskers and drumlins and leave moraines. They often create "v" and "u" shaped (*) valleys along with fjords. When these objects break apart, they form icebergs and can create large crevasses in their surface.	glaciers	Science
q2565_3	During this battle, Senlac Hill was the site of a defensive position set up by housecarls. The losing side's forces had been weakened in a previous battle against Harold Hardrada at Stamford Bridge. The winning side's commander claimed to be the rightful successor to Edward the Confessor.	Battle of Hastings	History
q2068_1	One trilogy by this author deals with the rise and fall of the Snopes family.	William Cuthbert Faulkner	Literature
q1020_2	This object was delivered not with an inflatable "airbag" system like its predecessors, but with a "sky crane" system that was untested prior to its deployment, which was called "Seven Minutes of Terror." Its arrival at Gale Crater on August 6, 2012 was observed by the Odyssey orbiter.	{Curiosity} rover [or Mars Science Laboratory; or {MSL}]	Science
q4843_3	In this scientist's book Opticks, he discussed his experiments with the dispersion of light, including breaking white light into its constituent colors using a prism. One law named for him describes "universal (*) gravitation"; another states that the net force on an object is its mass times its acceleration, while a third states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. For 10 points, name this English scientist who formulated three laws of motion.	Isaac Newton	Science
q635_4	Richard Dawkins described an "extended" form of this term, which becomes blended in incomplete dominance. The human skin color one is controlled by three genes, and crossing two heterozygous individuals usually results in a 3-to-1 ratio of this. In Mendel's pea plants, these included (*) dwarf, yellow, and wrinkled. For 10 points, name this term for an organism's physical traits that are determined by its genotype.	phenotypes [prompt on \"trait(s)\"]	Science
q3203_4	The trial in this novel is presided over by Lucas de Beaumanoir. One character in this novel, Brian de Bois-Gilbert, captures the daughter of Isaac of York named Rebecca. Athelstane disclaims the daughter of Cedric the Saxon named Lady Rowena, who marries the title character at the end of this novel. For 10 points, name this work of historical fiction depicting the chivalrous Wilfred, written by Walter Scott.	Ivanhoe	Literature
q1043_1	These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez).	prime numbers [or primes]	Science
q554_1	In Major Barbara, Andrew Undershaft became rich by manufacturing these objects.	guns [accept pistols; prompt on weapons; prompt on munitions]	Literature
q175_3	At the end of this story, the title object is revealed to be worth at most five hundred francs. Monsieur Loisel (“lwa-ZELL”) frantically searched for the title object after a ball, but to no avail. After Mathilde (“muh-TEELD”) loses it, she and her husband take odd jobs to pay off the loans taken out to pay for a replacement.	“The {Necklace}” [or “La {Parure}”]	Literature
q7150_2	One of this man's works depicts his self-portrait in a glass ball situated on his hand. Another features two hands drawing each other into existence.	M(aurits) C(ornelius) {Escher}	Fine Arts
q6716_3	During the colonial period, this country was known as the territory of the Afars and Issas. Units of the French Foreign Legion were once based in this country, which is adjacent to the Bab el Mandeb, a strait that connects the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden. (*) Eritrea, Somalia, and Ethiopia border, for 10 points, what small nation on the Horn of Africa?	Republic of Djibouti [or République de Djibouti or Jumhuriyat Jibuti]	History
q1868_2	In order to destroy the Hogyoku and defeat Aizen, this show's main character unleashes the final Getsuga Tensho. This anime's protagonist attains a new form while fighting against the Espada Ulquiorra.	Bleach	Trash
q2661_4	This empire arose when the Seljuk sultanate collapsed. It captured the capital of Hungary in 1526 during the Battle of Mohacs (mow-HOTCH). This nation's expansion to Greece and the Balkan Peninsula was followed by the capture of Constantinople in 1453. For 10 points, identify this empire which dissolved in the early 20th century because of the Young Turk revolution and its ill-fated alignment with Germany and Austria-Hungary.	Ottoman Empire [or Osmanic Empire; or Osmanion Empire]	History
q1980_3	This deity was forced to serve Admetus (add-MEE-tuss) after killing the Cyclops that killed his son. This deity killed the sons of a certain women who boasted to this god's mother about having 14 children; that woman is Niobe (nye-OH-bee). He pursued Daphne until she was turned into a laurel tree and played a lyre created for him by Hermes.	Apollo	Literature
q529_2	At one point in this musical, Dr. Dillamond sings "Something Bad." At another point, Madame Morrible announces that the main character is now an enemy of the town, and that character then sings "Defying Gravity."	Wicked	Trash
q5457_5	Although he is not Sun Tzu, this man wrote a version of The Art of War. He wrote a critique of Roman history in his Discourses on Livy. This man used the term virtu to describe a leader's ability to adapt to different circumstances in a work that also discusses how it is better to be feared than loved. He wrote a history of his native Florence for Giulio de' Medici. For 10 points, name this author of The Prince.	Niccolo {Machiavelli}	Philosophy
q2274_1	One deity from this myth system received the four winds as a gift from his grandfather and used them to kill its creator goddess, Tiamat (TEE-ah-maht).	{Babylonian} [accept {Mesopotamian;} do not accept other more specific Mesopotamian civilizations, such as "Sumerian" or "Assyrian"]	Mythology
q1026_2	At the beginning of this play, Prince Escalus declares that the next man to break the peace will be sentenced to death. One title character originally loves Rosaline, while the other is admired by Paris.	Romeo and Juliet	Literature

q3_4

The winning side of this battle had its main position at Henry House Hill. The losing side was led by General Irvin McDowell. General Joseph Johnston rushed reinforcements to P. G.T Beauregard at this battle. General Bernard Bee was shot at this battle after proclaiming, "There stands Jackson like a stone wall!"

{First} Battle of {Bull Run} [or {First} Battle of {Manassas;} prompt on {Bull} Run; prompt on {Manassas}]

History

q1760_1

One superstition concerning certain winners of this election is known as Tecumseh's (“teh-CUM- seh's”) Curse.

{Presidential general} election [accept either]

History

q1568_3

Alternatives to it include the Knoop test, the Vickers test, and measurement with a sclerometer (“sclair- AH-meh-tuhr”). Although decimal values are allowed, it is more common to say that an object's value is between that of two reference materials based on the scratch test. Corundum has a value of nine and talc has a value of one on, for 10 points, what scale that measures a mineral's hardness?

{Mohs} scale

Science

q3693_4

Areas in this region with substantially reduced object distribution are known as Kirkwood gaps and are formed by the gravitational strength of the planet behind it. One body in this region has a satellite known as Dactyl. Besides Ida, other objects located here include Pallas, Vesta, and the smallest dwarf planet in the Solar System, Ceres. For 10 points, name this ring of small astronomical bodies located between Mars and Jupiter.

{Asteroid Belt} [prompt on {asteroids}]

Science

q3276_3

An operation of this name can be performed on two matrices, one of which has an equal number of rows to the other's number of columns. Although this operation is not uniquely defined for vectors, two approximations are the cross product and the dot product. This operation is governed by the distributive property.

{multiplication} [accept matrix {multiplication} in the first sentence]

Science

q2788_4

This man elucidated Heron's formula before Heron proved it. He supposedly created a death ray out of mirrors in order to defeat an invading Roman army. A task given to him by Hiero ("HIGH"-er-oh) of Syracuse led to his discovery that the buoyancy of an object is equal to the fluid displaced. For 10 points, who supposedly ran into the streets shouting "Eureka!"

Archimedes of Syracuse

History

q612_4

Three of these creatures named Brontes (BRAWN-teez), Steropes (stair-OH-peez), and Arges (ARgeez) forged Zeus's lightning bolts and, after their creation, were locked in Tartarus by Uranus. Poseidon conjured a storm in rage after one of these creatures was blinded by "nobody." That creature lived on an island with a flock of sheep and was called Polyphemus (pawl-ee-FEE-muss). For 10 points, name this race of one-eyed giants from Greek mythology.

Cyclopes [or Cyclops]

Mythology

q1625_3

This character becomes his team's leader after defeating Spitz in a final fight. After being sold to Mercedes, Hal, and Charles, he is rescued by John Thornton. His devotion to Thornton is total; he saves Thornton's life from a drunken miner and from river rapids.

Buck

Literature

q3131_2

The period of a spring is given by two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant. Heat transfer is equal to the specific heat times the change in temperature times this quantity.

{mass} [accept {inertia} before \"m\" is read; prompt on m before mentioned]

Science

q4638_2

The density of objects drops to almost zero at this region's namesake cliff. Most of the objects found here are called cubewanos (“KYOO-bee-WAHN-ohs”).

Edgeworth-{Kuiper belt} [or Edgeworth-Kuiper Disc]

Science

q1365_1

This instrument plays the opening Promenade in Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, as well as the rising theme C-G-C in the opening of Richard Strauss' Thus Spake Zarathustra.

trumpet

Fine Arts

q2535_1

In one common lab demo, a balloon is shattered after being treated with nitrogen in this form.

liquid phase [or liquids]

Science

q1295_3

Judge Maria Lourdes Afiuni (lord-AYS ah-FEE-oon-EE) was arrested in this country on graft charges because she ordered the release of banker Luis Cedeno (loo-EE SEH-dane-YO). In the past twelve years, this country nationalized major companies like the steel corporation SIDOR. It has always owned PDVSA, which is one of the five largest oil companies in the world.

Bolivarian Republic of {Venezuela}

Trash

q2223_3

Symbols in this painting include a pair of discarded clogs and a chandelier with one lit candle. In the middle of this painting, a feather duster and a beaded chain flank the artist's signature, which is above a circular mirror. A dog sits near this painting's two human figures, one of whom wears a green dress as she holds the hand of her suitor.(*)

{The Arnolfini Marriage} [accept {The Arnolfini Wedding} or any answer with Arnolfini and the suggestion of marriage; accept {The Arnolfini Portrait} or The Arnolfini Double Portrait]

Fine Arts

q1992_3

During World War II, this country was run by Josef Terboven, though its official Minister President was Vidkun Quisling. It used to be the western part of the Kalmar Union. More recently, in 2011 it suffered from a mass (*) murder at a youth league camp carried out by Anders Breivik.

Kingdom of {Norway} [accept {Kongeriket Norge}]

History

q483_1

A problem of antiquity concerned constructing a square of the same area as one of these shapes using compass and straightedge; that problem is known as "squaring" this shape.

circles

Science

q331_2

Hampstead Heath and Kensington Gardens are parks in this city which is served by the "Jubilee Line," "Piccadilly Line," and "Victoria Line" of its subway system, the Underground. A Norman castle built by William the Conqueror is this city's "Tower."

London

Geography

q2359_5

In the Gospel of James, this Biblical figure is described as the child of Anna and Joachim. At the First Council of Ephesus, this figure was given the epithet Theotokos, or "God-Bearer." Martin Luther described this person as "the highest woman." This woman is held to be free from original sin under the doctrine of Immaculate Conception. For 10 points, name this mother of Jesus of Nazareth.

{Blessed Virgin Mary} [or {Mary, Mother} of {God;} or {Saint Mary;} or {Mother Mary;} or obvious equivalents to {Mary} the {mother of Jesus} before read; prompt on {Mary;} prompt on Our {Lady;} prompt on {Mother} of the {Church;} prompt on {Queen} of {Heaven;} do not accept "Mary Magdalene"]

Religion

q2481_1

Darwin predicted the existence of a Madagascar moth after observing one of these structures, which have separate male/female types in dioecious [dy-oh-EE-shus] species.

{flower} [do not prompt on \"plant\"]

Science

q1050_3

Anglican and Islamic versions of this action each include 100 steps. This action involves meditation on a chaplet, which is a set of luminous, glorious, joyful, or sorrowful mysteries. It ends with the Salve Regina (sal-VAY reh-JEEN-uh) prayer, which follows a multiple of five decades as depicted by the namesake instrument.

{praying a rosary} [or {saying a rosary;} or obvious equivalents mentioning the {rosary}]

Religion

q855_1

This writer symbolized the warbling of a thrush in a swamp and the western fallen star in a poem entitled “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd.”

Walter {Whitman}

Literature

q1546_3

He wrote his first novel, "This Can't Be Happening At Macdonald Hall" while still in seventh grade. Characters Bruno and Boots star in six of this author's other novels; since then, he has written four installments of the "39 Clues" series, including "One False Note" and "The Emperor's Code". The (*) "Swindle" and "On The Run" series were written by, for 10 points, what author of "Ungifted"?

Gordon {Korman}

Literature

q1518_3

This city is where Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man works at the Liberty Paint Company. George Selden wrote about a cricket in one of this city's major public spaces. The Great Gatsby takes place in this city where Percy Jackson visits the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

New York City

Literature

q1598_1

One structure in this organ, the Bowman's capsule, is divided into several layers including the visceral and parietal layers.

kidneys

Science

q2824_2

In 1948 Nathuram Godse (“nuh-THOO-ram GOD-see”) shot this man, whose major work, Hind Swaraj (“HINNED SWAR-ahzh”), was published in South Africa before World War I. His protest against the salt tax was part of his campaign of satyagraha (“SOT-yuh-GRAH-hah”), which sought to undermine British rule through non-cooperation.

Mohandas (Karamchand) {Gandhi} [or Mahatma {Gandhi} before mentioned]

History

q2012_4

This work features a story in which a fisherman finds a world without money. Another character in this work mistakes a fish for a large island. Another story from this collection concerns a character who sees forty (*) thieves going into a cave of treasures. For 10 points, name this work that features characters such as Sinbad the Sailor and Ali Baba, a collection of folk tales narrated by Scheherezade.

{1001 Nights} or The {Arabian Nights} Entertainment

Literature

q315_1

One work by this composer opens with a flute solo descending and ascending chromatically, followed by a prolonged pause.

Claude-Achille {Debussy}

Fine Arts

q3313_4

This figure met his demise when he was struck by a piece of wood from his own vessel. While in Colchis (“COAL-chiss”) visiting King Aeetes (“ay-EE-tees”), he accomplished such tasks as yoking fire- breathing oxen and dispatching a group of warriors that sprang forth after dragon teeth were sown into the ground, all to get the Golden Fleece. He was aided in these tasks by his future wife Medea. For 10 points, name this leader of the Argonauts.

{Jason}

Mythology

q589_3

This substance forms in the Bergeron process, in which vapor pressure drops as crystals grow. It can be produced by the lake effect, and it always stays below (*) freezing, unlike sleet, which melts and refreezes as it falls. For 10 points, name this type of precipitation which falls as six-sided flakes.

{snowflakes} [prompt on \"precipitation\"]

Science

q1969_2

This man used powers granted by the Taft-Hartley Act during a confrontation with air traffic controllers, and his Defense Secretary resigned after violations of the Boland Amendment were revealed. Before those events during his presidency, he served as Governor of California from 1967 until 1975.

Ronald (Wilson) Reagan

History

q787_4

Some of this company's products use the SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine and the Gecko rendering engine. This free software company grew out of Netscape and produces an email client called Thunderbird. Its most popular product, currently on version 19, has a mobile version called Fennec and is a web (*) browser that was recently passed in market share by Google Chrome. For 10 points, name this company that produces Firefox.

Mozilla

Trash

q1591_3

This is the major key in which both Sergei Prokofiev's "Classical" Symphony and J.S. Bach's Air on a G String were written. A basic guitar chord of this type does not play the fifth and sixth strings and leaves open the fourth string as the root of the chord. Johann Pachelbel (PAHK-uh-BELL) wrote a canon in this key whose relative minor is B minor.

{D} major

Fine Arts

q13073_1

This award is named after the coach who holds the record for largest margin of victory in a college football game.

John {Heisman} Memorial Trophy

Trash

q428_3

One bill addressing this process required a majority of a state's residents to take the Ironclad oath; that bill was the Wade-Davis bill, which was pocket-vetoed by President Lincoln in favor of his "Ten Percent Plan" for this process. This process did not end until Rutherford B. Hayes won the Election of 1876. For 10 points, identify this post-Civil War transformation and military occupation of the South.

military reconstruction [or Reconstruction Era; accept Radical Reconstruction before "Lincoln" but do not accept afterwards]

History

q1671_4

The last "ancient" time period of this nation is named after the burial mounds, or kofun, of that time period. The Gempei War ended the Heian period of this country. Francis Xavier, a Jesuit missionary, and Commodore Matthew Perry came to this country during the Tokugawa Shogunate. For 10 points, name this country formerly ruled by Emperor Hirohito where two atomic bombs were dropped.

Japan [or Nippon]

History

q3602_4

This man patented a smokeless propellant known as ballistite. Another of his inventions consisted of diatomaceous earth. He developed a substance containing nitrocellulose, saltpeter, wood pulp, and an explosive. Used in blasting gelatin, that explosive was also used in an earlier invention.

Alfred Nobel

History

q4074_5

This planet was mapped by the Magellan probe. This planet had a notable transition of the sun in 2004 and is scheduled to make another in 2012. When it appears, it is this brightest object in the night sky. Its dense, carbon dioxide dominated atmosphere results in a runaway greenhouse effect. For 10 points, name this planet named after the Roman goddess of love, the second planet from the sun.

Venus

Science

q1743_2

The protagonist of this work returns home from the University of Ingolstadt to find that Justine Moritz has been accused of his brother William's murder. The title character, whom Robert Walton discovers in the Arctic in a frame story, had earlier married Elizabeth Lavenza, who was killed on their wedding night.

{Frankenstein,} or the {Modern Prometheus}

Literature

q1043_2

These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez). According to Goldbach's conjecture, every integer greater than two can be expressed as a sum of two of them.

prime numbers [or primes]

Science

q912_2

In this novel, shelter is provided by the Halliday and Bird families. At the beginning of this novel, the Shelby family sells their property to the St. Clare family.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Literature

q1681_2

One of the title characters in this story tells his father he is looking back at his white cat sitting on the roof. In this story, the stepmother plans to leave the title characters in the forest.

\"Hansel and Gretel\" [or \"Hansel und Gretel\"]

Literature

q2673_2

At the Battle of Kirina, Sumanguru (SOO-man-GOO-roo) was defeated by the founder of this empire, Sundiata Keita. Another of this empire's rulers had the Sankore (SAN-koh-REH) mosque built in Timbuktu and caused a dramatic decrease in the price of gold by giving away vast amounts of the metal on his hajj to Mecca.

{Mali} Empire

History

q2149_2

This artist's statues of a dying slave and a horned Moses were to adorn the tomb of Julius II. His only signed work is one in which Mary holds the dead body of Jesus, entitled Pietá (“pee-AY-tuh”).

{Michelangelo} di Lodovico {Buonarroti} Simoni [accept either]

Fine Arts

q1061_3

This country was ruled by Fulgencio (“fool-HEN-see-oh”) Batista, who was deposed in 1959. It was the site of the Rough Riders' victory at San Juan Hill. The only U.S. territory on this island is a naval base at Guantanamo (“GWAHN-TAHN-uh-mo”) Bay.

Republic of {Cuba} [or Republica de {Cuba}]

History

q1796_2

One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria.

France

History

q191_2

Cyrus the Great allowed this structure to be built to replace a similar building destroyed during Nebuchadnezzar II's reign. Judas Maccabaeus cleansed and rededicated this structure in events celebrated during Hanukkah.

{Second Temple} of {Jerusalem} [prompt on {Temple} of {Jerusalem;} do not accept {"First Temple} of {Jerusalem"}]

Religion

q2051_1

This is the only element for which Schrodinger's equation can be solved exactly.

hydrogen [accept H before it is read]

Science

q1707_4

Modifications of this process can use PEP carboxylase ("PEP" car-BOX-ill-ase) to fix a reactant normally fixed by RuBisCO (roo-BISS-ko) in this process's dark reactions. The light reactions of this process occur along the thylakoid ("THIGH"-luh-koyd) membrane. It takes place within the chloroplasts (KLOR-oh-plasts), which contain light-absorbing chlorophylls (KLOR-oh-fills). For 10 points, name this process by which organisms, often plants, use light energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

photosynthesis

Science

q1280_2

This element is the most malleable and ductile metal. Like platinum, this metal cannot be dissolved by either hydrochloric or nitric acid alone, but can be dissolved by a mixture known as aqua regia (AH-quah REE-jee-ah).

gold [or Au until mentioned]

Science

q864_3

In April 2011 this country announced it was "for rent," eight years after its Head of State, Hans Adam II, joked about selling it to Bill Gates and renaming it Microsoft. This nation and Uzbekistan are the only double-landlocked countries in the world, and it is the wealthiest per capita German-speaking country. For 10 points, name this principality between Switzerland and Austria with capital Vaduz (vah-DOOZ).

Principality of {Liechtenstein} [or {Fuerstentum Liechtenstein}]

Geography

q1508_3

This party was founded by several ex-Whigs. Past leaders of this party include Newt Gingrich, the creator of the Contract with America, and Teddy Roosevelt. One member of this party made a campaign pledge of "no new taxes," and Libertarians traditionally run under this major party's banner.

{Republican} Party [accept {GOP} or {Grand Old Party} before mentioned]

History

q711_1

This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa.

{Hermes}

Mythology

q999_3

J.M.W. Turner painted one of these things before it was to be "broken up" in his The Fighting Temeraire. A black man stands in a small brown one of these things in a Winslow Homer painting. A John Copley painting showing many of these includes a group of people on one of them as Brook Watson is being rescued from a (*) shark attack.

{boats} or {ships} [accept {warships;} accept {sea vessels} before it is mentioned]

Fine Arts

q2824_3

In 1948 Nathuram Godse (“nuh-THOO-ram GOD-see”) shot this man, whose major work, Hind Swaraj (“HINNED SWAR-ahzh”), was published in South Africa before World War I. His protest against the salt tax was part of his campaign of satyagraha (“SOT-yuh-GRAH-hah”), which sought to undermine British rule through non-cooperation. For 10 points, what nonviolent leader of India's independence movement was known as the Mahatma?

Mohandas (Karamchand) {Gandhi} [or Mahatma {Gandhi} before mentioned]

History

q5362_3

This newspaper was sued by Alabama public safety officer Louis B. Sullivan. Its long-time publisher, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, died in 2012. It won one of its 108 Pulitzer prizes for printing The Pentagon Papers.

The {New York Times} [accept {NYT;} prompt on {\"Times\"}]

History

q2407_2

The second king of this country, who started the International African Association and worked with Henry Stanley to establish a colony called the Congo Free State, was Leopold II. During World War I, several battles were fought near its town of Ypres, which is in its (*) Flanders region.

Kingdom of {Belgium}

History

q10272_4

In this film, a priest's rhotacism causes him to pronounce the word "marriage" incorrectly. One character lists two classic blunders, getting involved in a land war in Asia, and having a battle of wits with a Sicilian. The main character later reveals his identity while rolling down a hill by saying, (*) "As you wish." For 10 points, name this comedic fantasy film in which Westley rescues the title character, Buttercup.

The Princess Bride

Trash

q1808_1

This structure experiences only compression, with no shear, and is therefore an inverted catenary curve.

The {Gateway Arch} [prompt on {St. Louis Arch} or equivalents before “St. Louis”]

Fine Arts

q3469_2

A series of descending examples of this scale opens Rimsky-Korsakov's famous Flight of the Bumblebee. On a guitar, one can play one of these by fingering every fret on a given string, and on the piano, one can play one of these by striking every black and white key in a row.

{chromatic} scale

Fine Arts

q529_4

At one point in this musical, Dr. Dillamond sings "Something Bad." At another point, Madame Morrible announces that the main character is now an enemy of the town, and that character then sings "Defying Gravity." The two heroines in it were originally played by Kristin Chenoweth and Idina Menzel. For 10 points, the relationship between Elphaba and Glinda is documented in what musical based on The Wizard of Oz?

Wicked

Trash

q155_3

This state is home to a Robert Smithson-designed earthwork sculpture titled Spiral Jetty. Sandstone landforms such as the Fiery Furnace and the Organ can be found in this state's Arches National Park. The (*) transcontinental railroad was officially completed in Promontory Summit in this state.

Utah

Geography

q463_2

This figure's father was struck dumb for his disbelief after being told that his wife Elizabeth would conceive this figure. He taught that “he who hath two coats” should “give to him who hath none.”

{John} the Baptist

Religion

q1069_3

This person declared we are "one people" during a run against Alan Keyes. A later campaign opponent of this person used Joe the Plumber to attack this person's policies and attempted to link this person to Bill Ayers. This person used the slogan "Yes We Can" and won the Nobel Peace Prize after less than a year in office.

Barack Hussein {Obama} II

History

q1977_2

This author of After the Fall and All My Sons wrote in another play about Willy Loman committing suicide to give insurance money to his family. In another play by this man, John Proctor and Giles Corey are executed after accusations are made by Abigail Williams and Mary Warren.

Arthur Asher {Miller}

Literature

q4046_1

One of these conflicts contained the Battle of the Trebia and the Battle of Lake Trasimene.

Punic Wars

History

q294_2

This state's ski resort of Lake Placid, the site of the 1980 Winter Olympics, and its highest point, Mount Marcy, are both located in the Adirondack Mountains. In the 19th century, its growth was aided by the Erie Canal, which brought settlers west from the Hudson River valley.

New York

Geography

q5367_1

During this battle, Confederate armies attempted to drive their opponent towards Owl Creek, but Union forces fell back towards an area known as the Hornet's Nest instead.

Battle of {Shiloh} [or Battle of Pittsburg {Landing}]

History

q13259_2

This franchise's 1934 World Series-winning team was known as the "Gas House Gang." It won the 1944 World Series over the Browns, with whom it used to share Sportsman's Park.

St. Louis Cardinals [or St. Louis Cardinals]

Trash

q6101_3

This artist of The Bridge Stripped Bare By Her Bachelors, Even drew a mustache and goatee on a Mona Lisa in L.H.O.O.Q. His Nude Descending a Staircase, No.2 was compared to an "explosion in a shingle factory." His series of readymades includes an overturned urinal inscribed "R. Mutt."

Marcel Duchamp

Fine Arts

q2105_5

This character's birthday is May 8. She trades the fish she catches at The Hob, a black market in District 12. After the reaping, she volunteers to take her sister Primrose's place. Her tumultuous relationship with Peeta continues and changes through Catching Fire and Mockingjay. For 10 points, name the protagonist of Suzanne Collins' "Hunger Games" series.

{Katniss Everdeen} [accept either underlined name]

Literature

q670_4

This function's namesake law relates the side length to the opposite angle in any triangle. Its value is one at 90 degrees but negative one at 270 degrees. Its reciprocal is the cosecant function. In a right triangle, it is defined as the ratio of opposite divided by hypotenuse.

{sine}

Science

q169_3

n this state's capital, the Lane Avenue Bridge crosses the Olentangy River. Another of its cities contains historic Italian architecture in its Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, while another city, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, contains Case Western Reserve University. Much of its northern border is at Lake (*) Erie, and it is separated from Kentucky by its namesake river.

Ohio

Geography

q1758_1

This person won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading negotiations for the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War.

{Theodore} "Teddy" {Roosevelt} [prompt on Roosevelt; prompt on T.R.]

History

q4894_3

Written by Joseph Brackett, this song mentions "the valley of love and delight." Its melody is borrowed by the clarinet in a scene depicting daily life for newlyweds; that scene is the seventh section of a 1944 ballet choreographed by Martha Graham. For 10 points, name this song from Aaron Copland's Appalachian Spring, a Shaker tune that notes "'tis the gift to be free."

{"Simple Gifts"} [prompt on {Appalachian Spring} before mentioned; prompt on anything mentioning {Shakers} before mentioned]

Fine Arts

q4935_1

Channels that carry ions made of this element are blocked by some hypertension medications.

calcium [prompt on \"Ca\" before it is mentioned]

Science

q4442_3

One of Maxwell's equations describes how this physical quantity produces a magnetic field. A diode allows it to flow in only one direction. It equals (*) voltage over resistance according to Ohm's law, and comes in alternating and direct types.

electric current [accept direct current; prompt on \"DC\"]

Science

q237_2

This is the only number that satisfies the equation sine x equals x. The additive inverse property says that the sum of any number and its additive inverse equals this number, while the additive identity property says that any number plus this number equals the original number.

{zero}

Science

q739_2

The founding of this nation was promised in the Balfour Declaration. David Ben-Gurion was the first prime minister of this nation, which has been governed by the Kadima (“kuh-DEEM-uh”) and Likud (“lie-KOOD”) parties.

{Israel}

History

q89_4

The Sorbonne is the university of this city, which is divided into twenty arrondissements. This city is the site of a monument built to commemorate victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, the Arc de Triomphe. Notre Dame cathedral is located in this city on the Seine River, where tourists may also visit the Eiffel Tower. For 10 points, name this capital of France.

Paris

Geography

q667_4

This poet wrote about a maiden who was killed by jealous angels and who lived "in a kingdom by the sea." He wrote about a creature that sits "On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door." That poem of his begins, "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary." For 10 points, name this poet of "Annabel Lee" who wrote about the title creature repeating the word "nevermore" in "The Raven."

Edgar Allen Poe

Literature

q1619_1

Cherenkov (“CHAIR-en-kov”) radiation exists when this value is exceeded.

speed of {light} [accept {c} before mentioned]

Science

q4816_4

These objects are often responsible for the formation of "rock flour." When these objects retreat, they often create eskers and drumlins and leave moraines. They often create "v" and "u" shaped (*) valleys along with fjords. When these objects break apart, they form icebergs and can create large crevasses in their surface.

glaciers

Science

q2565_3

During this battle, Senlac Hill was the site of a defensive position set up by housecarls. The losing side's forces had been weakened in a previous battle against Harold Hardrada at Stamford Bridge. The winning side's commander claimed to be the rightful successor to Edward the Confessor.

Battle of Hastings

History

q2068_1

One trilogy by this author deals with the rise and fall of the Snopes family.

William Cuthbert Faulkner

Literature

q1020_2

This object was delivered not with an inflatable "airbag" system like its predecessors, but with a "sky crane" system that was untested prior to its deployment, which was called "Seven Minutes of Terror." Its arrival at Gale Crater on August 6, 2012 was observed by the Odyssey orbiter.

{Curiosity} rover [or Mars Science Laboratory; or {MSL}]

Science

q4843_3

In this scientist's book Opticks, he discussed his experiments with the dispersion of light, including breaking white light into its constituent colors using a prism. One law named for him describes "universal (*) gravitation"; another states that the net force on an object is its mass times its acceleration, while a third states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. For 10 points, name this English scientist who formulated three laws of motion.

Isaac Newton

Science

q635_4

Richard Dawkins described an "extended" form of this term, which becomes blended in incomplete dominance. The human skin color one is controlled by three genes, and crossing two heterozygous individuals usually results in a 3-to-1 ratio of this. In Mendel's pea plants, these included (*) dwarf, yellow, and wrinkled. For 10 points, name this term for an organism's physical traits that are determined by its genotype.

phenotypes [prompt on \"trait(s)\"]

Science

q3203_4

The trial in this novel is presided over by Lucas de Beaumanoir. One character in this novel, Brian de Bois-Gilbert, captures the daughter of Isaac of York named Rebecca. Athelstane disclaims the daughter of Cedric the Saxon named Lady Rowena, who marries the title character at the end of this novel. For 10 points, name this work of historical fiction depicting the chivalrous Wilfred, written by Walter Scott.

Ivanhoe

Literature

q1043_1

These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez).

prime numbers [or primes]

Science

q554_1

In Major Barbara, Andrew Undershaft became rich by manufacturing these objects.

guns [accept pistols; prompt on weapons; prompt on munitions]

Literature

q175_3

At the end of this story, the title object is revealed to be worth at most five hundred francs. Monsieur Loisel (“lwa-ZELL”) frantically searched for the title object after a ball, but to no avail. After Mathilde (“muh-TEELD”) loses it, she and her husband take odd jobs to pay off the loans taken out to pay for a replacement.

“The {Necklace}” [or “La {Parure}”]

Literature

q7150_2

One of this man's works depicts his self-portrait in a glass ball situated on his hand. Another features two hands drawing each other into existence.

M(aurits) C(ornelius) {Escher}

Fine Arts

q6716_3

During the colonial period, this country was known as the territory of the Afars and Issas. Units of the French Foreign Legion were once based in this country, which is adjacent to the Bab el Mandeb, a strait that connects the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden. (*) Eritrea, Somalia, and Ethiopia border, for 10 points, what small nation on the Horn of Africa?

Republic of Djibouti [or République de Djibouti or Jumhuriyat Jibuti]

History

q1868_2

In order to destroy the Hogyoku and defeat Aizen, this show's main character unleashes the final Getsuga Tensho. This anime's protagonist attains a new form while fighting against the Espada Ulquiorra.

Bleach

Trash

q2661_4

This empire arose when the Seljuk sultanate collapsed. It captured the capital of Hungary in 1526 during the Battle of Mohacs (mow-HOTCH). This nation's expansion to Greece and the Balkan Peninsula was followed by the capture of Constantinople in 1453. For 10 points, identify this empire which dissolved in the early 20th century because of the Young Turk revolution and its ill-fated alignment with Germany and Austria-Hungary.

Ottoman Empire [or Osmanic Empire; or Osmanion Empire]

History

q1980_3

This deity was forced to serve Admetus (add-MEE-tuss) after killing the Cyclops that killed his son. This deity killed the sons of a certain women who boasted to this god's mother about having 14 children; that woman is Niobe (nye-OH-bee). He pursued Daphne until she was turned into a laurel tree and played a lyre created for him by Hermes.

Apollo

Literature

q529_2

At one point in this musical, Dr. Dillamond sings "Something Bad." At another point, Madame Morrible announces that the main character is now an enemy of the town, and that character then sings "Defying Gravity."

Wicked

Trash

q5457_5

Although he is not Sun Tzu, this man wrote a version of The Art of War. He wrote a critique of Roman history in his Discourses on Livy. This man used the term virtu to describe a leader's ability to adapt to different circumstances in a work that also discusses how it is better to be feared than loved. He wrote a history of his native Florence for Giulio de' Medici. For 10 points, name this author of The Prince.

Niccolo {Machiavelli}

Philosophy

q2274_1

One deity from this myth system received the four winds as a gift from his grandfather and used them to kill its creator goddess, Tiamat (TEE-ah-maht).

{Babylonian} [accept {Mesopotamian;} do not accept other more specific Mesopotamian civilizations, such as "Sumerian" or "Assyrian"]

Mythology

q1026_2

At the beginning of this play, Prince Escalus declares that the next man to break the peace will be sentenced to death. One title character originally loves Rosaline, while the other is admired by Paris.

Romeo and Juliet

Literature