caimira/pb-queries · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 4 8	text stringlengths 36 531	answer stringlengths 1 388	category stringclasses 10 values
q1712_4	In 2012 this team's third-string quarterback, Greg McElroy, claimed that its locker room was "not a fun place to be." Team captain Santonio Holmes was benched during its Week 17 loss to the Dolphins. This team's fans are known to boo its draft picks, which have included cornerback Darrelle Revis and quarterback Mark Sanchez. For 10 points, name this football team coached by Rex Ryan that shares a stadium with the Giants	New York Jets [prompt on New York]	Trash
q4931_3	Gamma-tubulin (TOO-byoo-lin) is needed to activate centrosomes in this phase, which follows the G2 checkpoint. One of these phases in meiosis includes synapsis (sin-APP-sis) and the crossing over of homologous chromosomes. Asters form during this phase that sees the disappearance of the nucleolus (noo-klee-OH-luss) and the growth of spindle fibers.	prophase [accept prophase I; prompt on meiosis until read; prompt on mitosis until "meiosis" is read but do not accept or prompt on it afterwards]	Science
q1531_2	Several "pancake domes" mark the surface of this body, whose other features include the Gula Mons and Sif Mons mountains. The spacecraft Vega 1 and 2 landed on this body.	Venus	Science
q3785_2	The dot product of two vectors over the product of their lengths gives this function of the angle between them. A law named for this function generalizes the Pythagorean theorem to non-right triangles; it uses two sides of a triangle and the included angle to find the length of the third side.	cosine [accept cosine of x, with x being any letter]	Science
q236_5	This leader fought with co-emperor Licinius in battles at Cibalae (SEE-ball-AY) and Adrianople. It is said that he had a vision before the Battle of Milvian Bridge. He called for the Council of Nicaea and issued the Edict of Milan. He was the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity, and he established an eastern capital at Byzantium. For 10 points, name this Roman Emperor who lent his name to the city now called Istanbul.	{Constantine I} [or {Constantine} the {Great;} or {Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus;} or Saint {Constantine}]	History
q7793_1	This man's secretary, Orville Babcock, and vice president, Schuyler (“SKOY-ler”) Colfax, were accused in the scandals of the Whiskey Ring and Credit Mobilier.	Ulysses Simpson {Grant} [prompt on Ulysses]	History
q832_4	This text was written down by Sahabas (sah-HAH-bahs) after the death of the leader that received it. The clarification of the meaning and significance of this document is the practice of tafsir (TAHFSEER). Its hundred and fourteen chapters are called suras (soor-AHS). It literally means "the recitation" and is said to have been revealed by Gabriel to Muhammad.	Qur'an [or Koran]	Literature
q4926_4	Cushion plants are found in the alpine form of this biome, which is also home to marmots, pikas, and chinchillas. The point at which this biome meets taiga is known as the treeline. Flora in this biome consists of lichens (LYE-kens) and mosses. Non-alpine forms of it have little vegetation due to permafrost.	tundra	Science
q331_3	Hampstead Heath and Kensington Gardens are parks in this city which is served by the "Jubilee Line," "Piccadilly Line," and "Victoria Line" of its subway system, the Underground. A Norman castle built by William the Conqueror is this city's "Tower." Its other landmarks include Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, and the houses of Parliament.	London	Geography
q1433_2	One mission in this program docked with the spacecraft used by Soyuz (soy-"OOZE") 19. The numerically first mission in this program was retroactively named after a fire burst out during a test run.	{Apollo} Program [accept {Apollo Extension Series} or {Apollo Applications Program} before "first"]	History
q1837_2	In one poem by this writer, the speaker says that the title idea "perches in the soul." In addition to "Hope is the thing with feathers," this author wrote a poem that proclaims "I'm Nobody! Who are you?" and a poem that describes a "blue, uncertain, stumbling (*) buzz".	Emily Dickinson	Literature
q370_2	This man came to power through the coup of 18 Brumaire (broo-MAIR). His forces defeated the Prussians at Jena (YAY-nah) and the combined Russian and Austrian forces at Austerlitz.	{Napoleon Bonaparte} [or Napoleon I]	History
q199_2	The Atbarah (“ott-BAR-uh”) is an arm of this river that starts at Lake Tana (“TAWN-uh”). The Aswan (“AHS-wahn”) High Dam, an attempt to control this river's flow, resulted in the creation of Lake Nasser, a massive reservoir shared by two nations.	{Nile} River	Geography
q2068_3	One trilogy by this author deals with the rise and fall of the Snopes family. Most of his stories take place in Yoknapatawpha (YOKE-nah-pah-TAH-fah) County, including one in which Shreve is told the story of Thomas Sutpen. That novel, Absalom, Absalom!, is narrated by Quentin.	William Cuthbert Faulkner	Literature
q1801_3	A dog barks at a drummer in the lower left of this painting. One of the two central figures is dressed in bright yellow, matching the girl with the chicken in her belt. The other is in black with a white collar a red sash across his chest.	The {Nightwatch} [or De {Nachtwacht} ; or The {Shooting Company} of Captain Franz Banning	Fine Arts
q4459_3	Prince Calaf (cah-LAHF) sings "Nessun dorma" in this composer's unfinished final work. Another opera by this composer sees Lieutenant Pinkerton marry the title character, Cio-Cio San (CHO CHO sahn), before returning to America. This composer of the unfinished Turandot also composed an opera about the poet Rodolfo's love for the seamstress Mimi, who dies of tuberculosis.	Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria {Puccini} [accept {Turandot} before "this composer"]	Fine Arts
q209_1	The head of the third largest bank in this country announced he had hidden 87 million Euros in loans from that bank.	Republic of {Ireland}	Geography
q1808_4	This structure experiences only compression, with no shear, and is therefore an inverted catenary curve. It is made from a series of tapering equilateral triangles, and visitors can ride a sloping tram system to its top. This largest building in the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial was designed by Eero Saarinen (“AIR-oh SAHR-in-en”). For 10 points, name this large curved structure located in St. Louis, Missouri.	The {Gateway Arch} [prompt on {St. Louis Arch} or equivalents before “St. Louis”]	Fine Arts
q648_2	This nation's Bay of Plenty is the home of a sphenodont (SFEE-noh-dahnt) reptile called the tuatara. Its regions include Otago and Canterbury, whose chief city, Christchurch, was the site of a 2011 earthquake.	{New Zealand}	Geography
q4248_3	This man was killed by a crossbow bolt while besieging the castle Charlus-Chabrol. After the departure of Philip Augustus of France, this man led the Christian armies in the Third Crusade, during which he achieved peace with Saladin. He was succeeded by his brother John.	Richard I of England [or Richard the Lionhearted; or Richard Coeur de Lion; prompt on Richard]	History
q1712_1	In 2012 this team's third-string quarterback, Greg McElroy, claimed that its locker room was "not a fun place to be."	New York Jets [prompt on New York]	Trash
q1384_4	This man sits between Liberty and Victory in a fresco by Constantino Brumidi on the inside of the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. The iconic portrait of this man was painted by Gilbert Stuart. In a painting by Emmanuel Leutze, he faces left and holds his hand over his heart as he stands up on a boat. For 10 points, name this U.S. President painted crossing the Delaware River, whose portrait appears on the one dollar bill.	George Washington	Fine Arts
q3076_2	The announcement of this object's existence was hinted at by a shadow on invitations to an event at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. Disputes over strict quality control demands threatened production at the Foxconn facility that manufactures it.	{iPhone}	Trash
q293_4	The island of Bornholm is in this body of water, which is connected by the Kiel (“KEEL”) Canal to the North Sea. One arm of this sea is the Gulf of Bothnia, and the large island of Saaremaa (“SAH-reh- MAH”) guards its Gulf of Riga (“REE-guh”). Five national capitals lie on this body of water, including Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, and Stockholm. For 10 points, name this sea south of Scandinavia.	{Baltic} Sea	Geography
q1980_4	This deity was forced to serve Admetus (add-MEE-tuss) after killing the Cyclops that killed his son. This deity killed the sons of a certain women who boasted to this god's mother about having 14 children; that woman is Niobe (nye-OH-bee). He pursued Daphne until she was turned into a laurel tree and played a lyre created for him by Hermes. For 10 points, name this Greek god of music and poetry, the twin brother of Artemis.	Apollo	Literature
q43_3	This state contains the Tongass National Forest and the "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes." The Alexander Archipelago is on one side of its "Inside Passage;" on the other side is this state's panhandle. The Brooks Range is an extension of the Rocky Mountains into this state.	Alaska	Geography
q6615_2	This element turns a dark color when combined with starches, which is one reason it is used in Lugol's solution. At room temperature it is a solid that sublimes into a purple gas.	iodine [prompt on \"I\" before the end; do not accept iodide]	Science
q3430_2	This substance, along with milk, is a symbol of fertility in Hinduism. It's not fire, but it has a namesake temple in Zoroastrianism, and Shintoism describes an island that is made from this substance.	water	Religion
q5857_2	Hilbert's Grand Hotel paradox is a thought experiment concerning this concept in sets, and taking the limit to it is used to find a function's horizontal asymptote. Irrational numbers are defined to have this quantity of digits, and Euclid proved that there are this many prime numbers.	infinity	Science
q662_3	A rebellion in this state for electoral rights was led by Thomas Dorr. The HMS Gaspee was burned off its coast. Metacomet's death and the Great Swamp Fight took place in this state, and Samuel Slater established the first American textile mill in its city of Pawtucket.	State of {Rhode Island} and {Providence} Plantations	History
q4480_4	A triangular patch of clouds that circulates this planet quickly is known as The Scooter. Its atmosphere contains the fastest winds in the solar system. Its existence was predicted by Alexis Bouvard, and it was discovered by Johann Galle. It often contains the Great Dark Spot.	Neptune	Science
q2049_4	One novel by this writer is about a man who enters an extinct volcano in Iceland and emerges in Italy. In another novel by him, a detective named Fix is suspicious of the protagonist, Phileas Fogg. In another work, Pierre Arronax narrates on the (*) Nautilus about Captain Nemo. For 10 points, name this author of A Journey to the Center of the Earth, Around the World in Eighty Days, and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.	Jules {Verne}	Literature
q2405_1	In publishing, this six-letter term describes a set of journal issues published in the same year.	volume	Science
q1407_2	Two brothers of this surname discovered piezoelectricity and a namesake point at which ferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic. One of those brothers explored the properties of the ore pitchblende with his wife.	Curie [accept Pierre Curie; accept Marie Skłodowska Curie; accept (Paul-) Jacques Curie]	Science
q321_2	In Boolean algebra, this property holds that a value multiplied by its inverse is equal to zero. For matrices under addition, a function of this name is given by a matrix with all zeros.	identity function [or identity property]	Science
q450_3	Paul Whiteman's band premiered this work at "An Experiment in Modern Music," after which its composer wrote out the solo piano part he'd improvised. This piece features syncopation inspired by a train ride from New York to Boston, and its opening theme is introduced with a (*) clarinet glissando. United Airlines advertising features, for 10 points, what 1924 work that fused jazz and classical music, composed by George Gershwin?	\"Rhapsody in Blue\"	Fine Arts
q374_1	Some of this empire's ruins were found in 1911 by Hiram Bingham.	{Inca} Empire [or {Tawantinsuyu}]	History
q1804_4	During this event, Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus (RUCK-als-HOUSE) resigned in the Saturday Night Massacre. It attempted to cover up C.R.E.E.P.'s (CREEP's) attempt to bug the Democratic Party headquarters. It was uncovered by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein with the help of Deep Throat. For 10 points, what scandal caused President Nixon to resign following his reelection?	{Watergate} scandal	History
q1342_4	Near the end of this novel, Marya Bolkonskaya (“MAR-yuh BOWL-con-SKY-uh”) marries a cavalry officer named Nikolay. Nikolay's sister later marries the former husband of the most fascinating woman in Petersburg, Helene Kuragina (“eh-LEN kur-AH-jin-ah”). By the end of this novel, Natasha Rostova (“ross-TOE-vah”) marries Pierre Bezukhov (“BEZ-oo-kov”). For 10 points, name this Leo Tolstoy novel that is notoriously long.	{War and Peace}	Literature
q186_1	This macromolecule (“MACK-row-MOLL-eh-kyool”) can be artificially copied using the polymerase (“puh-LIM-er-ase”) chain reaction.	{DNA} [or {deoxyribonucleic} (“ dee-OX-ee-RYE-bo-nu-CLAY-ic ”) {acid}]	Science
q2475_1	This state of matter is the initial and final phase in regelation, and it is to the left of the triple point on phase diagrams.	solids	Science
q363_3	This city is protected from floods by a dam centered on the island of Kotlin. A bronze equestrian statue of this city's namesake stands in Senate Square, the site of the Decembrist revolt. This city lies on the Gulf of Finland at the mouth of the Neva River, a few hundred miles northwest of (*) Moscow.	{St. Petersburg} [prompt on {\"Leningrad\"} or {\"Petrograd\"} before they are mentioned]	Geography
q2206_2	The title figure looks "a little like a military man" in this group's song about a meter maid, "Lovely Rita." Peter Frampton starred in a movie based on this group's album Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.	The {Beatles} [accept {Lovely Rita} before "{this group}"]	Trash
q743_1	This country underwent the 14 July Revolution in 1958 to eliminate its monarchy.	Iraq	History
q1836_1	One of these organic compounds is required for proteins to form blood clots, and sunlight is necessary for the body to produce another.	{vitamins} [accept more specific answers of {Vitamin K, Vitamin D,} or {Vitamin A} until "thiamine" is read]	Science
q32_3	When one of this state's senators, Mel Martinez, did not seek reelection, George LeMieux (leh-MEW) was appointed to that position. In 2010, a three-way race for that seat involved former Republican governor Charlie Crist, who ran as an Independent, and eventual winner Marco Rubio. For 10 points, name this state whose vote-counting procedures created controversy during the 2000 presidential election.	Florida	Geography
q5300_3	This figure ordered the Goliad Massacre, and he was severely injured by French cannon fire at Veracruz during the Pastry War. The Treaties of Velasco were signed following this leader's capture after the Battle of San Jacinto, and he was responsible for the deaths of Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett. For 10 points, name this self-styled "Napoleon of the West," a Mexican general infamous for his attempt to seize the Alamo.	Antonio López de {Santa Anna} [prompt on Napoleon of the West before it is read]	History
q260_3	A museum branch located in this city's Fort Tryon Park containing medieval art is known as The Cloisters. One of its straits, which includes Roosevelt Island and Rikers Island, is the East River. Some of its neighborhoods are Bensonhurst and Flatbush, and its Turtle Bay neighborhood includes the headquarters of the (*) United Nations.	New York City	Geography
q2154_4	In this work, Unferth boasts about beating the protagonist in a swimming contest. As his dying action, the protagonist gives Wiglaf a royal gold collar. Partly taking place in the mead hall Heorot, this work presents Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, as helpless in battling a (*) monster who comes nightly to eat warriors. For 10 points, name this Old English epic poem in which the title hero kills Grendel and Grendel's mother.	Beowulf	Literature
q2122_1	The wife of one character in this novel is named Teresa Cascajo (“cas-CAH-ho”).	{Don Quixote} de la Mancha	Literature
q192_5	This city was named after the Pottawatomie (POT-ah-WAH-tah-mee) for either "smelly onion place" or "skunk." An early road in this city crossed the "Nine-Mile Swamp" and Des Plaines (day PLAINS) River. Its Statistical Metropolitan Area includes Kenosha and Gary. This seat of Cook County is on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. For 10 points, name this third largest city in the United States known as the "Windy City."	Chicago	Geography
q5857_3	Hilbert's Grand Hotel paradox is a thought experiment concerning this concept in sets, and taking the limit to it is used to find a function's horizontal asymptote. Irrational numbers are defined to have this quantity of digits, and Euclid proved that there are this many prime numbers. For 10 points, name this concept in math which is defined as the largest, boundless quantity.	infinity	Science
q1804_2	During this event, Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus (RUCK-als-HOUSE) resigned in the Saturday Night Massacre. It attempted to cover up C.R.E.E.P.'s (CREEP's) attempt to bug the Democratic Party headquarters.	{Watergate} scandal	History
q3525_1	This person negotiated a treaty that ceded Florida to the United States with Luis de Onis (loo-EES day oh-"NIECE") while serving as James Monroe's Secretary of State.	{John Quincy Adams} [prompt on {Adams;} do not prompt on or accept "John Adams"]	History
q1752_5	These objects explained the Vine-Matthews hypothesis about the reversal of the Earth's magnetic field. Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent boundaries between these objects. These objects were first proposed in Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift. They slide past each other at transform faults. For 10 points, what masses of crust float along the mantle and include the Eurasian, Arabian, and Pacific?	{tectonic plates} [or {plate tectonics}]	Science
q4924_1	The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was an early attempt to address this event, which resulted in the formation of the SEC.	{Great Depression} [accept {banking crisis} before "SEC" is read]	History
q717_3	This man wrote a 1729 satirical essay suggesting that poor people in Ireland should sell their children as food. The protagonist in one of his novels goes to the flying island of Laputa. That character also goes to a land of (*) giants called Brobdingnag and a land of very small people called Lilliput.	Jonathan {Swift}	Philosophy
q6615_3	This element turns a dark color when combined with starches, which is one reason it is used in Lugol's solution. At room temperature it is a solid that sublimes into a purple gas. This element or barium is used in most contrast solutions for CT scans, and this element is used naturally by the body to make (*) thyroid hormones.	iodine [prompt on \"I\" before the end; do not accept iodide]	Science
q370_1	This man came to power through the coup of 18 Brumaire (broo-MAIR).	{Napoleon Bonaparte} [or Napoleon I]	History
q1746_3	In this novel, Lord Godalming courts Lucy, who eventually succumbs to the title character. Mina's visit to her friend Lucy is interrupted when a ship runs aground in this novel. Later in this novel, a Dutch doctor draws a circle in the snow with a crucifix for protection; that man is Abraham Van Helsing.	Dracula	Literature
q2541_4	When this substance is used, it often leaves behind a liquid with naphthalene and various phenols. The lowest rank of this type of substance, formed from peat, is lignite, while higher grades are classified as anthracite or the bituminous type. Plant remains over a long period of time transform into this sedimentary rock. For 10 points, name this substance which is used to generate electricity after it is mined out of the ground.	{coal}	Science
q2801_2	This figure was nearly killed by his own father when Medea tricked the father into giving this figure a poisoned cup of wine. That cup was knocked away when this figure revealed a sword his father had hidden under a boulder with a pair of sandals.	Theseus	Mythology
q2822_4	Composers from this nation include the minimalist creator of Imaginary Landscape No. 4 and Four Minutes Thirty-Three Seconds. Adagio for Strings is an orchestral work from this country. This home of composers John Cage and Samuel Barber is the setting for the ballets Rodeo (roh-DAY-oh) and Billy the Kid by Aaron Copland. For 10 points, name this country whose Marine band was led by John Philip Sousa.	{United States of America} [or {U.S.A.;} or {America;} or other answers that obviously refer to the country in which this tournament is taking place]	Fine Arts
q2801_4	This figure was nearly killed by his own father when Medea tricked the father into giving this figure a poisoned cup of wine. That cup was knocked away when this figure revealed a sword his father had hidden under a boulder with a pair of sandals. When this hero returned home with black sails, his father, Aegeus, jumped into the sea. For 10 points, name this first king of Athens and slayer of the Minotaur.	Theseus	Mythology
q4292_1	One form of this concept is equal to the product of charge and voltage.	{potential energy} [or {potential} energy after “energy”; prompt on energy]	Science
q2386_3	This nation overthrew Albania's King Zog. A major event in the unification of this nation was the Expedition of the Thousand, and its first king after unification was Victor Emanuel II. In 1935 this nation invaded Ethiopia.	{Italy} [or {Italia}]	History
q2464_3	In this novel, the protagonist lies about what happened to an amethyst brooch so she can go to a picnic. That protagonist makes up names like Willowmere for locales around her village and inadvertently gets her friend Diana Barry drunk on "raspberry cordial." (*) For 10 points, name this novel about a redheaded orphan adopted by Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island, a novel by Lucy Maud Montgomery.	Anne of Green Gables	Social Science
q2030_5	All solutions of Diophantine (DYE-oh-FAN-teen) equations are in this set. This set is closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, but not division, and is denoted by a boldface Z. The absolute value of any number in this set except 0 is a natural number. Rational numbers can be expressed as the quotient of two of these kinds of numbers. For 10 points, give the term that applies to the set of whole numbers and their negatives.	integers	Science
q4459_1	Prince Calaf (cah-LAHF) sings "Nessun dorma" in this composer's unfinished final work.	Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria {Puccini} [accept {Turandot} before "this composer"]	Fine Arts
q746_1	This man's reign began with the Streltsy (SHTRELT-zee) Revolt instigated by his half-sister, Sophia.	{Peter I} [accept {Peter the Great;} prompt on {Peter}]	History
q245_4	This river divides Minneapolis and St. Paul. In 1927, this river's flood was the worst in US history, causing a system of levees to be built that was the world's longest. Nicknamed the "Big Muddy", this river serves as part of the border between (*) Louisiana and its namesake state. For 10 points, name this river that, with the Missouri, makes up the longest river system in the United States.	{Mississippi} River	Geography
q4841_4	This deity caused Hodr (HOE-dur) to kill another god with mistletoe, and then failed to weep for that god in the guise of Thokk. He prevented a wall from being built around Asgard on time by taking the form of a mare and laying with Svadilfari (SVAHD-ill-FAR-ee); that union created Sleipnir (SLEEPnear). He is better known for fathering the Midgard Serpent and Hel. For 10 points, identify this Norse trickster god.	Loki	Mythology
q6496_1	This man almost lost his Senate seat in the 1998, surviving a challenge from future colleague John Ensign, and he is expected to have a tough re-election in 2010 against Sue Lowden or Danny Tarkanian.	Harry Mason {Reid}	History
q1280_3	This element is the most malleable and ductile metal. Like platinum, this metal cannot be dissolved by either hydrochloric or nitric acid alone, but can be dissolved by a mixture known as aqua regia (AH-quah REE-jee-ah). Relativistic effects on its outermost electrons explain its color, which is similar to pyrite.	gold [or Au until mentioned]	Science
q2575_2	This man's assertion that the world is made of pure, transcendent ideas accessible to us only through images of them is known as his Theory of Forms. He suggested that the city-state should be ruled by philosopher-kings in a work that also includes the "Allegory of the Cave."	{Plato}	Science
q3863_4	By definition, this type of object does not clear the neighborhood around its orbit. Haumea (how- MAY-uh), found in 2003, and Makemake (MAH-keh-MAH-keh), found in 2005, are two examples found in the Kuiper (KYE-per) Belt. An object similar to those two was "downgraded" to this status in 2006. For 10 points, Eris and, since 2006, Pluto are what type of celestial body that is smaller than a true planet?	dwarf planet [accept dwarf after "planet" is read but prompt before; do not accept "planet" by itself]	Science
q337_3	This country had its Jews move to the Pale of Settlement. Prince Bagration died during an invasion of this country at the Battle of Borodino. Prince Potemkin had a close relationship with its Catherine the Great.	Russian Empire	History
q51_3	Landmarks on this island include the El Yunque (“YOON-kay”) rainforest and Fort San Felipe del Moro. Humacao (“HOO-muh-COW”), Caguas (“CAW-gwahs”), Bayamon (“BYE-uh-moan”), and Ponce (“PAWN-say”) are some of its municipalities. The largest municipality shares the name given to the island by Columbus, San Juan.	Puerto Rico	Geography
q3469_3	A series of descending examples of this scale opens Rimsky-Korsakov's famous Flight of the Bumblebee. On a guitar, one can play one of these by fingering every fret on a given string, and on the piano, one can play one of these by striking every black and white key in a row. Playing this scale involves moving only by half-steps.	{chromatic} scale	Fine Arts
q670_1	This function's namesake law relates the side length to the opposite angle in any triangle.	{sine}	Science
q7479_1	This author wrote about "Irma's Injection" in his 1900 book The Interpretation of Dreams.	(Sigismund Schlomo) Sigmund {Freud}	Social Science
q1628_1	The two-tiered tracking system during the Civil Rights era was one attempt to avoid this practice.	{filibuster} [accept word forms]	Social Science
q630_5	In 2012 an unknown disk-shaped object was found on the floor of this sea. Arms of this sea include the Gulf of Riga and Gulf of Bothnia. The Kiel (KEEL) Canal bypasses Kattegat (KAH-teh-gaht) Bay and Skagerrak (SKAH-geh-rahk) Strait to connect this sea to the North Sea. Germany and Poland are on its southern shore. For 10 points, name this sea bordered by Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, its namesake "States," as well as Finland and Sweden.	Baltic Sea	Geography
q2053_2	This non-Italian artist included a bare-chested torso in the background of his The Sacrament of the Last Supper. He included many cubes in the "disintegration" of his best-known painting, and also created a Lobster Telephone.	Salvador (Felipe Jacinto) Dalí (i Domènech)	Fine Arts
q1041_1	This man chaired the 40 Committee that authorized the CIA backed coup of Salvador Allende (Ah-YEN-day) in Chile.	(Heinz Alfred) \"Henry\" Kissinger	History
q3307_3	The tangent function gives these numbers when its input is in the 2nd or 4th quadrant. Using these numbers as exponents is defined in terms of a reciprocal. The absolute value function changes them.	negative numbers	Science
q4945_5	Ribosome subunits pass through pores in this structure's namesake envelope and are produced in one part of it. In one kind of cloning, this organelle is transferred into an egg that lacks one. The presence of this organelle distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes. This organelle divides in two during mitosis because DNA is found here. For 10 points, name this information processing area of the cell.	nucleus	Science
q3251_2	Biot-Savart's Law gives the field of this type for a current carrying wire; the strength of that field is measured in Gausses and Teslas. There are para-, dia-, and ferro- forms of this phenomenon, the latter of which is expressed by metals such as nickel and iron.	magnetism [or magnetic field]	Science
q4910_2	The harmonic one of n numbers in a data set is n divided by the sum of the reciprocals of the numbers. The geometric one is the nth root of the product of the numbers.	{Mean} [do not accept “average”]	Science
q845_1	This poet commented on a literary assignment in "Theme for English B."	James {Langston Hughes}	Literature
q1203_3	The Darien Scheme was an attempt by Scotland to create another structure similar to this entity. The Hay-Bunau Varilla (HAY BOO-now vah-REE-yuh) Treaty allowed the United States to begin constructing this entity. A zone around it was returned from the U.S. to its namesake country by a treaty signed by Jimmy Carter.	{Panama} Canal [or {Canal} de {Panama}]	History
q1094_3	Iron-56 dominates the spectra of absorption lines for one class of these phenomena, which are caused by white dwarves exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit. An inert nickel-iron core in a star leads to one on account of a lack of degeneracy pressure. One with official designation 2003fg reached two solar masses before exploding, and was given the nickname "Champagne."	{supernovae} [or {supernovas;} prompt on {stellar collapse;} do not accept or prompt on \"nova\"]	Science
q1628_4	The two-tiered tracking system during the Civil Rights era was one attempt to avoid this practice. Appropriations bills are not subject to it, and Strom Thurmond once did this for 24 hours and 37 minutes. The cloture rule requires a three-fifths majority to stop it. For 10 points, what is this practice found exclusively in the Senate, often used by minority parties to block legislation from passing?	{filibuster} [accept word forms]	Social Science
q1492_1	One leader of this country forcibly annexed the Sudetenland (“soo-DAY-ten-land”).	Federal Republic of {Germany} [or {Bundesrepublik Deutschland}]	History
q436_4	This team won the NFL championship in 1957, but is the only NFC team to never play in a Super Bowl since the start of the Super Bowl era. Former stars for this team are Doak Walker, Billy Sims, and Barry Sanders. Its current quarterback is Matt Stafford. In 2008 it became the first team to lose all sixteen regular season games.	Detroit {Lions} [or Detroit Lions]	Trash
q5741_2	One member of this band narrowly survived a plane crash along with DJ AM. In one song they sang "say it ain't so, I will not go, turn the lights off, carry me home" and in another they sang about how "your smile fades in the summer."	Blink-182	Trash
q861_2	One folk hero from this nation killed policemen at Stringybark Creek; that man is "Ned" Kelly. One insurrection in this nation stripped William Bligh of his governorship; that insurrection is the Rum Rebellion.	Commonwealth of Australia	History
q3618_2	The protagonists of this song's music video throw magazines, clothes and an empty fishbowl out an open window. This song notes that "maybe I was stupid for telling you goodbye" regarding a boy who the singer supposes is sorry because "you're (*) standing at my door."	\"My Life Would Suck Without You\"	Trash
q1043_4	These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez). According to Goldbach's conjecture, every integer greater than two can be expressed as a sum of two of them. Every positive integer can be expressed as a factorization of these numbers. For 10 points, identify these natural numbers whose only divisors are themselves and one.	prime numbers [or primes]	Science
q717_2	This man wrote a 1729 satirical essay suggesting that poor people in Ireland should sell their children as food. The protagonist in one of his novels goes to the flying island of Laputa.	Jonathan {Swift}	Philosophy

q1712_4

In 2012 this team's third-string quarterback, Greg McElroy, claimed that its locker room was "not a fun place to be." Team captain Santonio Holmes was benched during its Week 17 loss to the Dolphins. This team's fans are known to boo its draft picks, which have included cornerback Darrelle Revis and quarterback Mark Sanchez. For 10 points, name this football team coached by Rex Ryan that shares a stadium with the Giants

New York Jets [prompt on New York]

Trash

q4931_3

Gamma-tubulin (TOO-byoo-lin) is needed to activate centrosomes in this phase, which follows the G2 checkpoint. One of these phases in meiosis includes synapsis (sin-APP-sis) and the crossing over of homologous chromosomes. Asters form during this phase that sees the disappearance of the nucleolus (noo-klee-OH-luss) and the growth of spindle fibers.

prophase [accept prophase I; prompt on meiosis until read; prompt on mitosis until "meiosis" is read but do not accept or prompt on it afterwards]

Science

q1531_2

Several "pancake domes" mark the surface of this body, whose other features include the Gula Mons and Sif Mons mountains. The spacecraft Vega 1 and 2 landed on this body.

Venus

Science

q3785_2

The dot product of two vectors over the product of their lengths gives this function of the angle between them. A law named for this function generalizes the Pythagorean theorem to non-right triangles; it uses two sides of a triangle and the included angle to find the length of the third side.

cosine [accept cosine of x, with x being any letter]

Science

q236_5

This leader fought with co-emperor Licinius in battles at Cibalae (SEE-ball-AY) and Adrianople. It is said that he had a vision before the Battle of Milvian Bridge. He called for the Council of Nicaea and issued the Edict of Milan. He was the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity, and he established an eastern capital at Byzantium. For 10 points, name this Roman Emperor who lent his name to the city now called Istanbul.

{Constantine I} [or {Constantine} the {Great;} or {Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus;} or Saint {Constantine}]

History

q7793_1

This man's secretary, Orville Babcock, and vice president, Schuyler (“SKOY-ler”) Colfax, were accused in the scandals of the Whiskey Ring and Credit Mobilier.

Ulysses Simpson {Grant} [prompt on Ulysses]

History

q832_4

This text was written down by Sahabas (sah-HAH-bahs) after the death of the leader that received it. The clarification of the meaning and significance of this document is the practice of tafsir (TAHFSEER). Its hundred and fourteen chapters are called suras (soor-AHS). It literally means "the recitation" and is said to have been revealed by Gabriel to Muhammad.

Qur'an [or Koran]

Literature

q4926_4

Cushion plants are found in the alpine form of this biome, which is also home to marmots, pikas, and chinchillas. The point at which this biome meets taiga is known as the treeline. Flora in this biome consists of lichens (LYE-kens) and mosses. Non-alpine forms of it have little vegetation due to permafrost.

tundra

Science

q331_3

Hampstead Heath and Kensington Gardens are parks in this city which is served by the "Jubilee Line," "Piccadilly Line," and "Victoria Line" of its subway system, the Underground. A Norman castle built by William the Conqueror is this city's "Tower." Its other landmarks include Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, and the houses of Parliament.

London

Geography

q1433_2

One mission in this program docked with the spacecraft used by Soyuz (soy-"OOZE") 19. The numerically first mission in this program was retroactively named after a fire burst out during a test run.

{Apollo} Program [accept {Apollo Extension Series} or {Apollo Applications Program} before "first"]

History

q1837_2

In one poem by this writer, the speaker says that the title idea "perches in the soul." In addition to "Hope is the thing with feathers," this author wrote a poem that proclaims "I'm Nobody! Who are you?" and a poem that describes a "blue, uncertain, stumbling (*) buzz".

Emily Dickinson

Literature

q370_2

This man came to power through the coup of 18 Brumaire (broo-MAIR). His forces defeated the Prussians at Jena (YAY-nah) and the combined Russian and Austrian forces at Austerlitz.

{Napoleon Bonaparte} [or Napoleon I]

History

q199_2

The Atbarah (“ott-BAR-uh”) is an arm of this river that starts at Lake Tana (“TAWN-uh”). The Aswan (“AHS-wahn”) High Dam, an attempt to control this river's flow, resulted in the creation of Lake Nasser, a massive reservoir shared by two nations.

{Nile} River

Geography

q2068_3

One trilogy by this author deals with the rise and fall of the Snopes family. Most of his stories take place in Yoknapatawpha (YOKE-nah-pah-TAH-fah) County, including one in which Shreve is told the story of Thomas Sutpen. That novel, Absalom, Absalom!, is narrated by Quentin.

William Cuthbert Faulkner

Literature

q1801_3

A dog barks at a drummer in the lower left of this painting. One of the two central figures is dressed in bright yellow, matching the girl with the chicken in her belt. The other is in black with a white collar a red sash across his chest.

The {Nightwatch} [or De {Nachtwacht} ; or The {Shooting Company} of Captain Franz Banning

Fine Arts

q4459_3

Prince Calaf (cah-LAHF) sings "Nessun dorma" in this composer's unfinished final work. Another opera by this composer sees Lieutenant Pinkerton marry the title character, Cio-Cio San (CHO CHO sahn), before returning to America. This composer of the unfinished Turandot also composed an opera about the poet Rodolfo's love for the seamstress Mimi, who dies of tuberculosis.

Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria {Puccini} [accept {Turandot} before "this composer"]

Fine Arts

q209_1

The head of the third largest bank in this country announced he had hidden 87 million Euros in loans from that bank.

Republic of {Ireland}

Geography

q1808_4

This structure experiences only compression, with no shear, and is therefore an inverted catenary curve. It is made from a series of tapering equilateral triangles, and visitors can ride a sloping tram system to its top. This largest building in the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial was designed by Eero Saarinen (“AIR-oh SAHR-in-en”). For 10 points, name this large curved structure located in St. Louis, Missouri.

The {Gateway Arch} [prompt on {St. Louis Arch} or equivalents before “St. Louis”]

Fine Arts

q648_2

This nation's Bay of Plenty is the home of a sphenodont (SFEE-noh-dahnt) reptile called the tuatara. Its regions include Otago and Canterbury, whose chief city, Christchurch, was the site of a 2011 earthquake.

{New Zealand}

Geography

q4248_3

This man was killed by a crossbow bolt while besieging the castle Charlus-Chabrol. After the departure of Philip Augustus of France, this man led the Christian armies in the Third Crusade, during which he achieved peace with Saladin. He was succeeded by his brother John.

Richard I of England [or Richard the Lionhearted; or Richard Coeur de Lion; prompt on Richard]

History

q1712_1

In 2012 this team's third-string quarterback, Greg McElroy, claimed that its locker room was "not a fun place to be."

New York Jets [prompt on New York]

Trash

q1384_4

This man sits between Liberty and Victory in a fresco by Constantino Brumidi on the inside of the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. The iconic portrait of this man was painted by Gilbert Stuart. In a painting by Emmanuel Leutze, he faces left and holds his hand over his heart as he stands up on a boat. For 10 points, name this U.S. President painted crossing the Delaware River, whose portrait appears on the one dollar bill.

George Washington

Fine Arts

q3076_2

The announcement of this object's existence was hinted at by a shadow on invitations to an event at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. Disputes over strict quality control demands threatened production at the Foxconn facility that manufactures it.

{iPhone}

Trash

q293_4

The island of Bornholm is in this body of water, which is connected by the Kiel (“KEEL”) Canal to the North Sea. One arm of this sea is the Gulf of Bothnia, and the large island of Saaremaa (“SAH-reh- MAH”) guards its Gulf of Riga (“REE-guh”). Five national capitals lie on this body of water, including Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, and Stockholm. For 10 points, name this sea south of Scandinavia.

{Baltic} Sea

Geography

q1980_4

This deity was forced to serve Admetus (add-MEE-tuss) after killing the Cyclops that killed his son. This deity killed the sons of a certain women who boasted to this god's mother about having 14 children; that woman is Niobe (nye-OH-bee). He pursued Daphne until she was turned into a laurel tree and played a lyre created for him by Hermes. For 10 points, name this Greek god of music and poetry, the twin brother of Artemis.

Apollo

Literature

q43_3

This state contains the Tongass National Forest and the "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes." The Alexander Archipelago is on one side of its "Inside Passage;" on the other side is this state's panhandle. The Brooks Range is an extension of the Rocky Mountains into this state.

Alaska

Geography

q6615_2

This element turns a dark color when combined with starches, which is one reason it is used in Lugol's solution. At room temperature it is a solid that sublimes into a purple gas.

iodine [prompt on \"I\" before the end; do not accept iodide]

Science

q3430_2

This substance, along with milk, is a symbol of fertility in Hinduism. It's not fire, but it has a namesake temple in Zoroastrianism, and Shintoism describes an island that is made from this substance.

water

Religion

q5857_2

Hilbert's Grand Hotel paradox is a thought experiment concerning this concept in sets, and taking the limit to it is used to find a function's horizontal asymptote. Irrational numbers are defined to have this quantity of digits, and Euclid proved that there are this many prime numbers.

infinity

Science

q662_3

A rebellion in this state for electoral rights was led by Thomas Dorr. The HMS Gaspee was burned off its coast. Metacomet's death and the Great Swamp Fight took place in this state, and Samuel Slater established the first American textile mill in its city of Pawtucket.

State of {Rhode Island} and {Providence} Plantations

History

q4480_4

A triangular patch of clouds that circulates this planet quickly is known as The Scooter. Its atmosphere contains the fastest winds in the solar system. Its existence was predicted by Alexis Bouvard, and it was discovered by Johann Galle. It often contains the Great Dark Spot.

Neptune

Science

q2049_4

One novel by this writer is about a man who enters an extinct volcano in Iceland and emerges in Italy. In another novel by him, a detective named Fix is suspicious of the protagonist, Phileas Fogg. In another work, Pierre Arronax narrates on the (*) Nautilus about Captain Nemo. For 10 points, name this author of A Journey to the Center of the Earth, Around the World in Eighty Days, and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.

Jules {Verne}

Literature

q2405_1

In publishing, this six-letter term describes a set of journal issues published in the same year.

volume

Science

q1407_2

Two brothers of this surname discovered piezoelectricity and a namesake point at which ferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic. One of those brothers explored the properties of the ore pitchblende with his wife.

Curie [accept Pierre Curie; accept Marie Skłodowska Curie; accept (Paul-) Jacques Curie]

Science

q321_2

In Boolean algebra, this property holds that a value multiplied by its inverse is equal to zero. For matrices under addition, a function of this name is given by a matrix with all zeros.

identity function [or identity property]

Science

q450_3

Paul Whiteman's band premiered this work at "An Experiment in Modern Music," after which its composer wrote out the solo piano part he'd improvised. This piece features syncopation inspired by a train ride from New York to Boston, and its opening theme is introduced with a (*) clarinet glissando. United Airlines advertising features, for 10 points, what 1924 work that fused jazz and classical music, composed by George Gershwin?

\"Rhapsody in Blue\"

Fine Arts

q374_1

Some of this empire's ruins were found in 1911 by Hiram Bingham.

{Inca} Empire [or {Tawantinsuyu}]

History

q1804_4

During this event, Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus (RUCK-als-HOUSE) resigned in the Saturday Night Massacre. It attempted to cover up C.R.E.E.P.'s (CREEP's) attempt to bug the Democratic Party headquarters. It was uncovered by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein with the help of Deep Throat. For 10 points, what scandal caused President Nixon to resign following his reelection?

{Watergate} scandal

History

q1342_4

Near the end of this novel, Marya Bolkonskaya (“MAR-yuh BOWL-con-SKY-uh”) marries a cavalry officer named Nikolay. Nikolay's sister later marries the former husband of the most fascinating woman in Petersburg, Helene Kuragina (“eh-LEN kur-AH-jin-ah”). By the end of this novel, Natasha Rostova (“ross-TOE-vah”) marries Pierre Bezukhov (“BEZ-oo-kov”). For 10 points, name this Leo Tolstoy novel that is notoriously long.

{War and Peace}

Literature

q186_1

This macromolecule (“MACK-row-MOLL-eh-kyool”) can be artificially copied using the polymerase (“puh-LIM-er-ase”) chain reaction.

{DNA} [or {deoxyribonucleic} (“ dee-OX-ee-RYE-bo-nu-CLAY-ic ”) {acid}]

Science

q2475_1

This state of matter is the initial and final phase in regelation, and it is to the left of the triple point on phase diagrams.

solids

Science

q363_3

This city is protected from floods by a dam centered on the island of Kotlin. A bronze equestrian statue of this city's namesake stands in Senate Square, the site of the Decembrist revolt. This city lies on the Gulf of Finland at the mouth of the Neva River, a few hundred miles northwest of (*) Moscow.

{St. Petersburg} [prompt on {\"Leningrad\"} or {\"Petrograd\"} before they are mentioned]

Geography

q2206_2

The title figure looks "a little like a military man" in this group's song about a meter maid, "Lovely Rita." Peter Frampton starred in a movie based on this group's album Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.

The {Beatles} [accept {Lovely Rita} before "{this group}"]

Trash

q743_1

This country underwent the 14 July Revolution in 1958 to eliminate its monarchy.

Iraq

History

q1836_1

One of these organic compounds is required for proteins to form blood clots, and sunlight is necessary for the body to produce another.

{vitamins} [accept more specific answers of {Vitamin K, Vitamin D,} or {Vitamin A} until "thiamine" is read]

Science

q32_3

When one of this state's senators, Mel Martinez, did not seek reelection, George LeMieux (leh-MEW) was appointed to that position. In 2010, a three-way race for that seat involved former Republican governor Charlie Crist, who ran as an Independent, and eventual winner Marco Rubio. For 10 points, name this state whose vote-counting procedures created controversy during the 2000 presidential election.

Florida

Geography

q5300_3

This figure ordered the Goliad Massacre, and he was severely injured by French cannon fire at Veracruz during the Pastry War. The Treaties of Velasco were signed following this leader's capture after the Battle of San Jacinto, and he was responsible for the deaths of Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett. For 10 points, name this self-styled "Napoleon of the West," a Mexican general infamous for his attempt to seize the Alamo.

Antonio López de {Santa Anna} [prompt on Napoleon of the West before it is read]

History

q260_3

A museum branch located in this city's Fort Tryon Park containing medieval art is known as The Cloisters. One of its straits, which includes Roosevelt Island and Rikers Island, is the East River. Some of its neighborhoods are Bensonhurst and Flatbush, and its Turtle Bay neighborhood includes the headquarters of the (*) United Nations.

New York City

Geography

q2154_4

In this work, Unferth boasts about beating the protagonist in a swimming contest. As his dying action, the protagonist gives Wiglaf a royal gold collar. Partly taking place in the mead hall Heorot, this work presents Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, as helpless in battling a (*) monster who comes nightly to eat warriors. For 10 points, name this Old English epic poem in which the title hero kills Grendel and Grendel's mother.

Beowulf

Literature

q2122_1

The wife of one character in this novel is named Teresa Cascajo (“cas-CAH-ho”).

{Don Quixote} de la Mancha

Literature

q192_5

This city was named after the Pottawatomie (POT-ah-WAH-tah-mee) for either "smelly onion place" or "skunk." An early road in this city crossed the "Nine-Mile Swamp" and Des Plaines (day PLAINS) River. Its Statistical Metropolitan Area includes Kenosha and Gary. This seat of Cook County is on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. For 10 points, name this third largest city in the United States known as the "Windy City."

Chicago

Geography

q5857_3

Hilbert's Grand Hotel paradox is a thought experiment concerning this concept in sets, and taking the limit to it is used to find a function's horizontal asymptote. Irrational numbers are defined to have this quantity of digits, and Euclid proved that there are this many prime numbers. For 10 points, name this concept in math which is defined as the largest, boundless quantity.

infinity

Science

q1804_2

During this event, Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus (RUCK-als-HOUSE) resigned in the Saturday Night Massacre. It attempted to cover up C.R.E.E.P.'s (CREEP's) attempt to bug the Democratic Party headquarters.

{Watergate} scandal

History

q3525_1

This person negotiated a treaty that ceded Florida to the United States with Luis de Onis (loo-EES day oh-"NIECE") while serving as James Monroe's Secretary of State.

{John Quincy Adams} [prompt on {Adams;} do not prompt on or accept "John Adams"]

History

q1752_5

These objects explained the Vine-Matthews hypothesis about the reversal of the Earth's magnetic field. Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent boundaries between these objects. These objects were first proposed in Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift. They slide past each other at transform faults. For 10 points, what masses of crust float along the mantle and include the Eurasian, Arabian, and Pacific?

{tectonic plates} [or {plate tectonics}]

Science

q4924_1

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was an early attempt to address this event, which resulted in the formation of the SEC.

{Great Depression} [accept {banking crisis} before "SEC" is read]

History

q717_3

This man wrote a 1729 satirical essay suggesting that poor people in Ireland should sell their children as food. The protagonist in one of his novels goes to the flying island of Laputa. That character also goes to a land of (*) giants called Brobdingnag and a land of very small people called Lilliput.

Jonathan {Swift}

Philosophy

q6615_3

This element turns a dark color when combined with starches, which is one reason it is used in Lugol's solution. At room temperature it is a solid that sublimes into a purple gas. This element or barium is used in most contrast solutions for CT scans, and this element is used naturally by the body to make (*) thyroid hormones.

iodine [prompt on \"I\" before the end; do not accept iodide]

Science

q370_1

This man came to power through the coup of 18 Brumaire (broo-MAIR).

{Napoleon Bonaparte} [or Napoleon I]

History

q1746_3

In this novel, Lord Godalming courts Lucy, who eventually succumbs to the title character. Mina's visit to her friend Lucy is interrupted when a ship runs aground in this novel. Later in this novel, a Dutch doctor draws a circle in the snow with a crucifix for protection; that man is Abraham Van Helsing.

Dracula

Literature

q2541_4

When this substance is used, it often leaves behind a liquid with naphthalene and various phenols. The lowest rank of this type of substance, formed from peat, is lignite, while higher grades are classified as anthracite or the bituminous type. Plant remains over a long period of time transform into this sedimentary rock. For 10 points, name this substance which is used to generate electricity after it is mined out of the ground.

{coal}

Science

q2801_2

This figure was nearly killed by his own father when Medea tricked the father into giving this figure a poisoned cup of wine. That cup was knocked away when this figure revealed a sword his father had hidden under a boulder with a pair of sandals.

Theseus

Mythology

q2822_4

Composers from this nation include the minimalist creator of Imaginary Landscape No. 4 and Four Minutes Thirty-Three Seconds. Adagio for Strings is an orchestral work from this country. This home of composers John Cage and Samuel Barber is the setting for the ballets Rodeo (roh-DAY-oh) and Billy the Kid by Aaron Copland. For 10 points, name this country whose Marine band was led by John Philip Sousa.

{United States of America} [or {U.S.A.;} or {America;} or other answers that obviously refer to the country in which this tournament is taking place]

Fine Arts

q2801_4

This figure was nearly killed by his own father when Medea tricked the father into giving this figure a poisoned cup of wine. That cup was knocked away when this figure revealed a sword his father had hidden under a boulder with a pair of sandals. When this hero returned home with black sails, his father, Aegeus, jumped into the sea. For 10 points, name this first king of Athens and slayer of the Minotaur.

Theseus

Mythology

q4292_1

One form of this concept is equal to the product of charge and voltage.

{potential energy} [or {potential} energy after “energy”; prompt on energy]

Science

q2386_3

This nation overthrew Albania's King Zog. A major event in the unification of this nation was the Expedition of the Thousand, and its first king after unification was Victor Emanuel II. In 1935 this nation invaded Ethiopia.

{Italy} [or {Italia}]

History

q2464_3

In this novel, the protagonist lies about what happened to an amethyst brooch so she can go to a picnic. That protagonist makes up names like Willowmere for locales around her village and inadvertently gets her friend Diana Barry drunk on "raspberry cordial." (*) For 10 points, name this novel about a redheaded orphan adopted by Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island, a novel by Lucy Maud Montgomery.

Anne of Green Gables

Social Science

q2030_5

All solutions of Diophantine (DYE-oh-FAN-teen) equations are in this set. This set is closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, but not division, and is denoted by a boldface Z. The absolute value of any number in this set except 0 is a natural number. Rational numbers can be expressed as the quotient of two of these kinds of numbers. For 10 points, give the term that applies to the set of whole numbers and their negatives.

integers

Science

q4459_1

Prince Calaf (cah-LAHF) sings "Nessun dorma" in this composer's unfinished final work.

Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria {Puccini} [accept {Turandot} before "this composer"]

Fine Arts

q746_1

This man's reign began with the Streltsy (SHTRELT-zee) Revolt instigated by his half-sister, Sophia.

{Peter I} [accept {Peter the Great;} prompt on {Peter}]

History

q245_4

This river divides Minneapolis and St. Paul. In 1927, this river's flood was the worst in US history, causing a system of levees to be built that was the world's longest. Nicknamed the "Big Muddy", this river serves as part of the border between (*) Louisiana and its namesake state. For 10 points, name this river that, with the Missouri, makes up the longest river system in the United States.

{Mississippi} River

Geography

q4841_4

This deity caused Hodr (HOE-dur) to kill another god with mistletoe, and then failed to weep for that god in the guise of Thokk. He prevented a wall from being built around Asgard on time by taking the form of a mare and laying with Svadilfari (SVAHD-ill-FAR-ee); that union created Sleipnir (SLEEPnear). He is better known for fathering the Midgard Serpent and Hel. For 10 points, identify this Norse trickster god.

Loki

Mythology

q6496_1

This man almost lost his Senate seat in the 1998, surviving a challenge from future colleague John Ensign, and he is expected to have a tough re-election in 2010 against Sue Lowden or Danny Tarkanian.

Harry Mason {Reid}

History

q1280_3

This element is the most malleable and ductile metal. Like platinum, this metal cannot be dissolved by either hydrochloric or nitric acid alone, but can be dissolved by a mixture known as aqua regia (AH-quah REE-jee-ah). Relativistic effects on its outermost electrons explain its color, which is similar to pyrite.

gold [or Au until mentioned]

Science

q2575_2

This man's assertion that the world is made of pure, transcendent ideas accessible to us only through images of them is known as his Theory of Forms. He suggested that the city-state should be ruled by philosopher-kings in a work that also includes the "Allegory of the Cave."

{Plato}

Science

q3863_4

By definition, this type of object does not clear the neighborhood around its orbit. Haumea (how- MAY-uh), found in 2003, and Makemake (MAH-keh-MAH-keh), found in 2005, are two examples found in the Kuiper (KYE-per) Belt. An object similar to those two was "downgraded" to this status in 2006. For 10 points, Eris and, since 2006, Pluto are what type of celestial body that is smaller than a true planet?

dwarf planet [accept dwarf after "planet" is read but prompt before; do not accept "planet" by itself]

Science

q337_3

This country had its Jews move to the Pale of Settlement. Prince Bagration died during an invasion of this country at the Battle of Borodino. Prince Potemkin had a close relationship with its Catherine the Great.

Russian Empire

History

q51_3

Landmarks on this island include the El Yunque (“YOON-kay”) rainforest and Fort San Felipe del Moro. Humacao (“HOO-muh-COW”), Caguas (“CAW-gwahs”), Bayamon (“BYE-uh-moan”), and Ponce (“PAWN-say”) are some of its municipalities. The largest municipality shares the name given to the island by Columbus, San Juan.

Puerto Rico

Geography

q3469_3

A series of descending examples of this scale opens Rimsky-Korsakov's famous Flight of the Bumblebee. On a guitar, one can play one of these by fingering every fret on a given string, and on the piano, one can play one of these by striking every black and white key in a row. Playing this scale involves moving only by half-steps.

{chromatic} scale

Fine Arts

q670_1

This function's namesake law relates the side length to the opposite angle in any triangle.

{sine}

Science

q7479_1

This author wrote about "Irma's Injection" in his 1900 book The Interpretation of Dreams.

(Sigismund Schlomo) Sigmund {Freud}

Social Science

q1628_1

The two-tiered tracking system during the Civil Rights era was one attempt to avoid this practice.

{filibuster} [accept word forms]

Social Science

q630_5

In 2012 an unknown disk-shaped object was found on the floor of this sea. Arms of this sea include the Gulf of Riga and Gulf of Bothnia. The Kiel (KEEL) Canal bypasses Kattegat (KAH-teh-gaht) Bay and Skagerrak (SKAH-geh-rahk) Strait to connect this sea to the North Sea. Germany and Poland are on its southern shore. For 10 points, name this sea bordered by Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, its namesake "States," as well as Finland and Sweden.

Baltic Sea

Geography

q2053_2

This non-Italian artist included a bare-chested torso in the background of his The Sacrament of the Last Supper. He included many cubes in the "disintegration" of his best-known painting, and also created a Lobster Telephone.

Salvador (Felipe Jacinto) Dalí (i Domènech)

Fine Arts

q1041_1

This man chaired the 40 Committee that authorized the CIA backed coup of Salvador Allende (Ah-YEN-day) in Chile.

(Heinz Alfred) \"Henry\" Kissinger

History

q3307_3

The tangent function gives these numbers when its input is in the 2nd or 4th quadrant. Using these numbers as exponents is defined in terms of a reciprocal. The absolute value function changes them.

negative numbers

Science

q4945_5

Ribosome subunits pass through pores in this structure's namesake envelope and are produced in one part of it. In one kind of cloning, this organelle is transferred into an egg that lacks one. The presence of this organelle distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes. This organelle divides in two during mitosis because DNA is found here. For 10 points, name this information processing area of the cell.

nucleus

Science

q3251_2

Biot-Savart's Law gives the field of this type for a current carrying wire; the strength of that field is measured in Gausses and Teslas. There are para-, dia-, and ferro- forms of this phenomenon, the latter of which is expressed by metals such as nickel and iron.

magnetism [or magnetic field]

Science

q4910_2

The harmonic one of n numbers in a data set is n divided by the sum of the reciprocals of the numbers. The geometric one is the nth root of the product of the numbers.

{Mean} [do not accept “average”]

Science

q845_1

This poet commented on a literary assignment in "Theme for English B."

James {Langston Hughes}

Literature

q1203_3

The Darien Scheme was an attempt by Scotland to create another structure similar to this entity. The Hay-Bunau Varilla (HAY BOO-now vah-REE-yuh) Treaty allowed the United States to begin constructing this entity. A zone around it was returned from the U.S. to its namesake country by a treaty signed by Jimmy Carter.

{Panama} Canal [or {Canal} de {Panama}]

History

q1094_3

Iron-56 dominates the spectra of absorption lines for one class of these phenomena, which are caused by white dwarves exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit. An inert nickel-iron core in a star leads to one on account of a lack of degeneracy pressure. One with official designation 2003fg reached two solar masses before exploding, and was given the nickname "Champagne."

{supernovae} [or {supernovas;} prompt on {stellar collapse;} do not accept or prompt on \"nova\"]

Science

q1628_4

The two-tiered tracking system during the Civil Rights era was one attempt to avoid this practice. Appropriations bills are not subject to it, and Strom Thurmond once did this for 24 hours and 37 minutes. The cloture rule requires a three-fifths majority to stop it. For 10 points, what is this practice found exclusively in the Senate, often used by minority parties to block legislation from passing?

{filibuster} [accept word forms]

Social Science

q1492_1

One leader of this country forcibly annexed the Sudetenland (“soo-DAY-ten-land”).

Federal Republic of {Germany} [or {Bundesrepublik Deutschland}]

History

q436_4

This team won the NFL championship in 1957, but is the only NFC team to never play in a Super Bowl since the start of the Super Bowl era. Former stars for this team are Doak Walker, Billy Sims, and Barry Sanders. Its current quarterback is Matt Stafford. In 2008 it became the first team to lose all sixteen regular season games.

Detroit {Lions} [or Detroit Lions]

Trash

q5741_2

One member of this band narrowly survived a plane crash along with DJ AM. In one song they sang "say it ain't so, I will not go, turn the lights off, carry me home" and in another they sang about how "your smile fades in the summer."

Blink-182

Trash

q861_2

One folk hero from this nation killed policemen at Stringybark Creek; that man is "Ned" Kelly. One insurrection in this nation stripped William Bligh of his governorship; that insurrection is the Rum Rebellion.

Commonwealth of Australia

History

q3618_2

The protagonists of this song's music video throw magazines, clothes and an empty fishbowl out an open window. This song notes that "maybe I was stupid for telling you goodbye" regarding a boy who the singer supposes is sorry because "you're (*) standing at my door."

\"My Life Would Suck Without You\"

Trash

q1043_4

These entities can be found by using the Sieve of Eratosthenes (AIR-uh-TOSS-the-neez). According to Goldbach's conjecture, every integer greater than two can be expressed as a sum of two of them. Every positive integer can be expressed as a factorization of these numbers. For 10 points, identify these natural numbers whose only divisors are themselves and one.

prime numbers [or primes]

Science

q717_2

This man wrote a 1729 satirical essay suggesting that poor people in Ireland should sell their children as food. The protagonist in one of his novels goes to the flying island of Laputa.

Jonathan {Swift}

Philosophy