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c68a47cf3064b004b70fe69a78a64fb6 | will junk car cash out help remove other junk besides automobiles?
| can you help remove other junk for me? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.29 | [
{
"text": "yes. if you have scrap metal you'd like to get rid of, old appliances, hot tubs or other junk that you want hauled off, we are more than happy to help. there is a charge for junk removal service, and it is depending upon the size and type of items you want hauled away. for more information on fees or to schedule a pickup, give us a call.\r\n\r\nif you are looking for extra cash for things that are lying around your home, business or storage facility collecting dust, give us a call. we offer more than cash for junk cars; we buy scrap metals of all types. we also tow cars that are in working condition, and provide a few other services that are useful to those in the area. if you would like to sell your car or truck for cash in salt lake city give us a call. we are always happy to help!",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "yes. if you have scrap metal you'd like to get rid of, old appliances, hot tubs or other junk that you want hauled off, we are more than happy to help. there is a charge for junk removal service, and it is depending upon the size and type of items you want hauled away. for more information on fees or to schedule a pickup, give us a call.\r\n\r\nif you are looking for extra cash for things that are lying around your home, business or storage facility collecting dust, give us a call. we offer more than cash for junk cars; we buy scrap metals of all types. we also tow cars that are in working condition, and provide a few other services that are useful to those in the area. if you would like to sell your car or truck for cash in salt lake city give us a call. we are always happy to help!",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
6a668aafaae7225c33424a74c2f5c143 | how does junk car cashout work? | how does it work? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "one of the most frequently asked questions we receive is how to go about receiving cash for cars. it’s very simple. all you need to do is give us a call or complete this form to request a quote for your unwanted car or scrap metal. you will receive a follow-up call promptly to confirm your details and determine if you want to take the offer. if so, we will arrange to meet you in riverton, salt lake city, south salt lake, south jordan, taylorsville, or whichever utah community you happen to be in when wanting to sell your car.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "it’s very simple. all you need to do is give us a call or complete this form to request a quote for your unwanted car or scrap metal. you will receive a follow-up call promptly to confirm your details and determine if you want to take the offer. if so, we will arrange to meet you in riverton, salt lake city, south salt lake, south jordan, taylorsville, or whichever utah community you happen to be in when wanting to sell your car.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
ea40c3cd8e58fd376bc6e38d14244ef7 | how fast can i get cash for my junk car? | how fast will i get cash for my junk car? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "one of the most frequently asked questions we receive is how to go about receiving cash for cars. it’s very simple. all you need to do is give us a call or complete this form to request a quote for your unwanted car or scrap metal. you will receive a follow-up call promptly to confirm your details and determine if you want to take the offer. if so, we will arrange to meet you in riverton, salt lake city, south salt lake, south jordan, taylorsville, or whichever utah community you happen to be in when wanting to sell your car.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "we are happy to let you know that we provide cash for cars on the spot. we will meet you at the location where you requested to have your car towed, receive a free and clear title from you, and provide you with immediate cash.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
e35da05db164aada70d86940cb5a929b | how much money will i get for my junk car at junk car cashout? | how much money can i get for my junk car? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "people receiving cash for cars are also eager to know how much they will receive for them. the easiest way to find out is to complete the quote request form on our website. the biggest factors that determine what you will receive for an offer include the condition of your car along with its make, model, and year of production.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "the easiest way to find out is to complete the quote request form on our website. the biggest factors that determine what you will receive for an offer include the condition of your car along with its make, model, and year of production.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
c7983502d90862be4a36f5abdb7ad7a1 | do you need a title to junk a car? | can i junk a car without a title? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "do you need a title to junk a car? no, you do not need the title! \r\n\r\njunk car cash out is a company who buys junk cars without title. \r\n\r\nyou can easily sell us your junk cars without title. \r\n\r\nthere is no fee for us to come pick up the car. \r\n\r\ncall us, we will come remove your vehicle for free and give you cash. no title required!",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "do you need a title to junk a car? no, you do not need the title! junk car cash out is a company who buys junk cars without title.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
629555e283a3e0e14631ff4486bdcd5b | how much will i get for junk my car if i sell it to junk car cash out in utah? | how much can i get to junk my car? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "we are the company who pays the most for junk cars. wondering how much is a junk car worth? or how much can you get for a junk car? call us or fill out our online form. we will give you a cash offer!",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "wondering how much is a junk car worth? or how much can you get for a junk car? we will give you a cash offer!",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
9cda5aa7b4a16c761e64b8ff833bfada | what is the process to junk a car?
| how can i junk a car? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "it’s simple to junk your car. \r\n\r\nwe will provide you with a quote and work with your schedule to come and pick up your junk car—free of charge. \r\n\r\nwe will tow your car and give you cash!",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "it’s simple to junk your car. \r\n\r\nwe will provide you with a quote and work with your schedule to come and pick up your junk car—free of charge. \r\n\r\nwe will tow your car and give you cash!",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
3dda49ea3acaef544489eb3bc65fc7de | how do i sell a junk car? | how do i sell a junk car? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "it’s easy to sell us your junk car. we will give you the cash you deserve for your vehicle. you can work with our team to determine the value of your junk vehicle. call us, or fill out our online form, and we will give you a price for your junk car. then, simply schedule an appointment with us and we’ll come tow your vehicle, free of charge—and we’ll work with your schedule. we show up, tow your car, and hand you cash! easy as that. \r\n\r\nat junk car cash out in salt lake city, utah, we help those near the city who have no other options to rid the scrap or totaled vehicles from their properties.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "it’s easy to sell us your junk car. we will give you the cash you deserve for your vehicle. you can work with our team to determine the value of your junk vehicle. call us, or fill out our online form, and we will give you a price for your junk car. then, simply schedule an appointment with us and we’ll come tow your vehicle, free of charge—and we’ll work with your schedule. we show up, tow your car, and hand you cash! easy as that. \r\n\r\nat junk car cash out in salt lake city, utah, we help those near the city who have no other options to rid the scrap or totaled vehicles from their properties.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
eb0ad648831271d0a03f90686a2ab297 | what happens to the title when you junk a car? | what happens to the title when you junk a car? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "in utah, when you junk your car, you transfer the title. this legally transfers your car to junk car cash out. basically, you are selling your car to us. you will need to write the mileage of your vehicle on the title, sign and date the title, remove the license plate from the vehicle and then notify the state that you are no longer the owner of the vehicle. however, you do not need the title in hand to junk your car.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "in utah, when you junk your car, you transfer the title. this legally transfers your car to junk car cash out. basically, you are selling your car to us. you will need to write the mileage of your vehicle on the title, sign and date the title, remove the license plate from the vehicle and then notify the state that you are no longer the owner of the vehicle. however, you do not need the title in hand to junk your car.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
9d5ab02941daaa2a31f67db99be903ed | what do i need to junk my car? | what do i need to junk a car? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "you simply need the car. \r\n\r\ncontact us by phone or by filling out our online form. \r\n\r\nwe’ll make you an offer for your vehicle, schedule a time to come get it, and tow it away for free—giving you cash on the spot!",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "you simply need the car. \r\n\r\ncontact us by phone or by filling out our online form. \r\n\r\nwe’ll make you an offer for your vehicle, schedule a time to come get it, and tow it away for free—giving you cash on the spot!",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
11d726c155b9adbdb4bd06fa8e8153fe | will junk car cash out take junk cars with an expired registration? | can i junk a car with expired registration? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "yes, you can junk a car with an expired registration. no problem!",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "yes, you can junk a car with an expired registration. no problem!",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
0fbfe31542d0e86322d9f608bea83222 | will junk car cash out accept cars that have a lien? | can i junk a car with a lien? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "unfortunately, you cannot junk a car with a lien. \r\n\r\nfirst, you will need to contact your lienholder and find out how much you owe them. if the car no longer operates, they may accept a lesser amount. once you pay that amount, you will be able to junk your car. \r\n\r\ncontact us to see how much your car is worth; you may be able to pay this to your lienholder and be free and clear from the lien.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "unfortunately, you cannot junk a car with a lien. ",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
ba732867b49e5f61de35f61bb855c293 | why should i choose junk car cash out?
| why should i choose junk car cash out? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "junk car cash out offers the most cash for junk cars in utah. \r\n\r\nwe buy junk cars! we make it fast and easy to sell junk cars. one call, and you’ll have a cash offer. \r\n\r\nthen, we’ll come and pick up the car at your convenience, for free! \r\n\r\nwe leave with your junk car, and you’ll have cash in hand.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "junk car cash out offers the most cash for junk cars in utah. \r\n\r\nwe buy junk cars! we make it fast and easy to sell junk cars. one call, and you’ll have a cash offer. \r\n\r\nthen, we’ll come and pick up the car at your convenience, for free! \r\n\r\nwe leave with your junk car, and you’ll have cash in hand.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
95ad65b239273b200586bf7626e36c6d | how will i get paid for a junk car from junk car cash out in utah?
| how will i get paid? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "when the tow driver arrives to pick up the vehicle, he will pay the agreed-upon amount with cash or check (depending on location).",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "when the tow driver arrives to pick up the vehicle, he will pay the agreed-upon amount with cash or check (depending on location).",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
c452a5b51786f96c573a34dd7bf7c09f | will junk car cash out pick up my junk vehicle?
| how will my car get picked up? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "the dispatch or tow driver will call the cell number we have on file to confirm a pickup time. once they’ve verbally confirmed a time with you they’ll show up at that time, confirm the vehicle vin matches the title vin, show you where to sign the title, pay you, and then tow the vehicle away.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "the dispatch or tow driver will call the cell number we have on file to confirm a pickup time. once they’ve verbally confirmed a time with you they’ll show up at that time, confirm the vehicle vin matches the title vin, show you where to sign the title, pay you, and then tow the vehicle away.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
4f2420c155ed82ed55a9e9626e0daa2c | what if i don’t like the quote?
| what if i don’t like the quote? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "if you don't want to accept our quote, that’s ok. shop the car around, try a private sale on craigslist or ksl. if you make more money that way, no problem. but after a few weeks without success, come back and input your information again. the price of metal is a major factor for our quote prices, so as that fluctuates, so do our prices. if you try again in the future you may be able to make some more, but there’s no guarantee.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "if you don't want to accept our quote, that’s ok. shop the car around, try a private sale on craigslist or ksl. if you make more money that way, no problem. but after a few weeks without success, come back and input your information again. the price of metal is a major factor for our quote prices, so as that fluctuates, so do our prices. if you try again in the future you may be able to make some more, but there’s no guarantee.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
9975c6ce70b67bafb43d8cc6e59d51e5 | does junk car cash out accept vehicles without titles? | do you pick up cars without titles? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "yes, it is still possible to get your car picked up without a title. sometimes people lose titles, and when that happens we’ll need the vin number. the vin is located under the window on the driver side down on the dashboard, or just inside the driver door either on the door or on the frame inside the door. some foreign models have the vin number on the frame inside the back door, driver side. another good place to find a vin is on an old insurance card or registration card.\r\n \r\nwe then verify the vin with the dmv to make sure there are no lien-holders. if it’s a clean title we can still buy it, but it will be at a reduced price due to admin paperwork. if there is a lien-holder or its registered out of state, we may impound it.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "yes, it is still possible to get your car picked up without a title. ",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
878adfaa6e708bea496349ec5db09c1d | is it possible for me to get a new title for my junk car?
| how do i get a new title? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "you can get a new title at the dmv. \r\n\r\nfrom the dmv website, you can download and fill out an “application for utah duplicate title” form tc-123. \r\n\r\na dmv agent will verify you have to fill it out properly. a new title application fee costs $6. for more info go to https://dmv.utah.gov/faq/titles",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "no, we provide you with complimentary towing services to remove the car. our towing service is available across the state of utah so matter where you are located, we come to you with cash to remove your junk car immediately.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
f89f1fd795d3bc67c7f7cf9eec004129 | a vehicle with a lien is explained
| what is a lien? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "a lien is the right of a 3rd party to claim ownership of a vehicle until the loan has been paid off. typically this is a bank or credit union, or a title loan company like titlemax or utah title loans. they keep your title as collateral until the loan is paid off. you can’t sell the vehicle until you pay the outstanding loan amount, or pay in full. the bank or title loan company is the lien holder.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "a lien is the right of a 3rd party to claim ownership of a vehicle until the loan has been paid off. ",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
b8b956cded8fad4c3296537a7a68012a | how do i remove a lien?
| how do i remove a lien? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "to remove a lien from a vehicle, you need to pay off the balance of the loan to the lien-holder.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "to remove a lien from a vehicle, you need to pay off the balance of the loan to the lien-holder.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
bea484d05472bef369f679233994019e | will junk car cash out take my vehicle if there is a lien on it? | what if i have a lien on my vehicle? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "you have two options if you have a lien.\r\n\r\npay off the lien and get the title back with a stamp on the front stating that you have been released from the lien,\r\n \r\nor we can impound your vehicle.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "you have two options if you have a lien.\r\n\r\npay off the lien and get the title back with a stamp on the front stating that you have been released from the lien,\r\n \r\nor we can impound your vehicle.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
acb228719425870d774e405c760ca687 | an impounded vehicle is explained | what is an impound? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "vehicle impoundment is the legal process of placing a vehicle into an impoundment lot or tow yard, which is a holding place for cars until they are placed back in the control of the owner, recycled for their metal, stripped of their parts at a wrecking yard or auctioned off for the benefit of the impounding agency.\r\n \r\nsome people simply need a vehicle gone. a common example of this is a car that was abandoned on your property by a relative or an old tenant, and you don’t have the title. the impound allows us to take it off your hands legally and report it with the state.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "vehicle impoundment is the legal process of placing a vehicle into an impoundment lot or tow yard, which is a holding place for cars until they are placed back in the control of the owner, recycled for their metal, stripped of their parts at a wrecking yard or auctioned off for the benefit of the impounding agency.\r\n \r\nsome people simply need a vehicle gone. a common example of this is a car that was abandoned on your property by a relative or an old tenant, and you don’t have the title. the impound allows us to take it off your hands legally and report it with the state.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
e80a43f4f5dbd8e1b1e1d955420dab5b | how impound works
| how does impound work? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "first, you’ll have to send us a photo of the vin number. once we verify the vin and we agree to impound the vehicle we send the tow truck driver out to pick up the car. you have to meet the driver to sign the impound request tow form. once that is signed, we tow the vehicle away and that is it.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "first, you’ll have to send us a photo of the vin number. once we verify the vin and we agree to impound the vehicle we send the tow truck driver out to pick up the car. you have to meet the driver to sign the impound request tow form. once that is signed, we tow the vehicle away and that is it.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
2dde341d907105c8a2d55fa56387b5f7 | why won't i get paid for an impounded vehicle? | why can’t i get paid for an impound? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "in most cases, we cannot pay for an impound due to a lot of storage fees and administrative fees. ",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "in most cases, we cannot pay for an impound due to a lot of storage fees and administrative fees. ",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
a3b96ccbf16696496592d180806b5442 | will junk car cash out always accept impounded vehicles?
| why can’t you always take impounds? | junkcarcashout.com | 2020.10 | [
{
"text": "sometimes junk car cash out cannot accept any more impounds, mainly due to capacity. \r\n\r\nour impound lot has limited space, and the impound paperwork can sometimes take up to two months to process. so, once the lot is full, and we’re waiting for the current vehicle paperwork to be completed, then we physically can’t take on any more impounds. we don’t have the capacity. in those circumstances, please try again in a month or two.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "sometimes junk car cash out cannot accept any more impounds, mainly due to capacity. \r\n\r\nour impound lot has limited space, and the impound paperwork can sometimes take up to two months to process. so, once the lot is full, and we’re waiting for the current vehicle paperwork to be completed, then we physically can’t take on any more impounds. we don’t have the capacity. in those circumstances, please try again in a month or two.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
258d22204ff883f66f58116be1384414 | how will you evaluate the value of my car?
| how will you evaluate the value of my car? | junkcarcashout.com | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "various key factors come into play when assessing the value of your junk car. these include the make, condition, age, and model of the car. plus, it also relates to the amount you prefer for the automobile. if you plan to sell the car when it's still in running condition, they have to consider the mileage.\r\n",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "various key factors come into play when assessing the value of your junk car. these include the make, condition, age, and model of the car. plus, it also relates to the amount you prefer for the automobile. if you plan to sell the car when it's still in running condition, they have to consider the mileage.\r\n",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
7a4cbde6ef6961937fdec9e8bf5fce79 | do i need proof of ownership before selling?
| do i need proof of ownership before selling? | junkcarcashout.com | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "the professionally owned car yards might require that you present any ownership evidence before purchasing the car. so, if you want the best value for your cars or suvs, you need documents such as the logbook.\r\n",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "the professionally owned car yards might require that you present any ownership evidence before purchasing the car. so, if you want the best value for your cars or suvs, you need documents such as the logbook.\r\n",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
6e77ca232282ed19f937d181d14e2cfe | can i sell an operable vehicle that has a salvage title?
| can i sell an operable vehicle that has a salvage title? | junkcarcashout.com | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "most junkyards will buy junk cars regardless of whether its running or it has been sent for salvage. the term salvage refers to a damaged vehicle beyond repair and should be taken to the scrapyard.\r\n",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "most junkyards will buy junk cars regardless of whether its running or it has been sent for salvage. the term salvage refers to a damaged vehicle beyond repair and should be taken to the scrapyard.\r\n",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
}
] |
b8e782efd9bd480a54708d7ea0f89390 | بر اساس یافته های “مرکز جهانی تحقیقات ژنتیک” و همچنین “انستیتو ماکس پلانک”، کردها نه ایرانی هستند و نه از آریایی ها منشعب شده اند. به باور این پژوهشگران، محال است کردها ایرانی یا آریایی باشند... | ناگفته های تاریخ و هویت واقعی کرد ها ودیگر اقوام ایرانی زبان | parsiandej.ir | 2021.31 | [
{
"text": "1) پروفسور آرنا ویلنا” در پژوهش مشترک خود با “پروفسور علی اکبر امیر زرگر” عضو “دپارتمان ایمونولوژی دانشگاه تهران”، با بررسی ژنتیکی 70 نمونه از کردها ثابت کرده اند خاستگاه کردها شرق مدیترانه است. پژوهشی که در ایران هرگز اجازه ی چاپ و نشر پیدا نکرد. \n\n \n\n 2) دانشگاه تکزاس در پژوهش های خود نشان می دهد کردها نه ایرانی هستند نه آریایی. این انستیتو با بررسی کدهای ژنتیک گروه های اتنیکی خاورمیانه، بیشترین تشابه کردها را با یهودی ها و ارمنی ها می داند.. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهند که قرابت ژنتیک کردها و یهودی ها بیش از یهودی ها و عرب ها، و همچنین کردها و دیگر همسایگان قومی آنها (یعنی فارس ها، عرب ها و ترک ها) است. \n\n \n\n 3) “مرکز جهانی تحقیقات ژنتیک شناسان جمعیتی” در یافته های خود نشان می دهد خاستگاه کردها در شمال هلال حاصلخیز است. \n\n \n\n4) “دیوید کوماس”، “آریلا اوپنهایم”، “آلموت نبل” و همچنین “مارینا فائرمن” با اشاره به یافته های خود، خاستگاه کردها را جنوب شرقی آناتولی، شمال بین النهرین و منطقه ی زاگرس می دانند. \n\n \n\n5) بررسی DNA و کروموزوم Y کردها نشان می دهند که 60% شناسه ی ژنتیک j1و J2غالب است که این نسبت تنها در کردهای ساکن زاگرس مرکزی وجود دارد و آنها را از سایر اقوام ساکن جغرافیای ایران متمایز می سازد. \n\n \n\n6) یک نتیجه گیری قابل تامل دیگر در حوزه ی ژنتیک جمعیت نشان می دهد که منشاء کردها نمی تواند هندواروپایی باشد چون وجود و ترکیب ژنتیک آنها بدون تردید، هزاران سال پیش از ساختار ژنتیکی اثبات شده ی هندواروپایی ها قدمت دارد. \n\n \n\n7) یافته های مشترک پژوهشگران مرکز جهانی مطالعات ژنتیک جمعیت نشان می دهند ساختار ژنتیکی کردها از بیش از 11000 سال پیش در شمال هلال حاصلخیز و چندین هزار سال پیش از وجود هندواروپایی ها در این منطقه قابل اثبات است. \n\n \n\n8) همچنین هیچ دلیل قابل اثباتی در حوزه ی زبان شناسی وجود ندارد که بتوان بر اساس آن، کردها را ایرانی دانست. \n\n \n\n 9) پژوهشگران ارشد مرکز جهانی پژوهش های ژنتیک جمعیت از جمله “پروفسور ریچارد ویلمز” در “مرکز بیوسنتر تارتو” با قاطعیت این فرضیه را رد کرده اند که آریایی ها بنیانگذاران تمدن در این منطقه بوده اند چون به لحاظ تاریخی نسبت به ساکنان بومی یعنی کردها متاخرتر بوده اند. \n\n \n\n 10) پژوهش های مرکز جهانی ژنتیک جمعیت، موضوع دیگری را هم نشان می دهند: \n\n \n\nتمام کسانی که به زبان کردی سخن می گویند یک ساختار مشترک ژنتیکی دارند. “پروفسور گرنوت. ال.وینتفور” رییس “مرکز تحقیقات ایران شناسی” در” مرکز پژوهش های شرق نزدیک” در “دانشگاه آن.آربور” ایالات متحده ی آمریکا نشان می دهد ترکیب کردها به لحاظ زبان شناختی و ژنتیک این گونه است: \n\n \n\n-کردهای شمال (کرمانجی) \n\n \n\n-کردهای مرکز \n\n \n\n-کردهای ساکن جنوب شرقی حوزه ی جغرافیایی کردستان بزرگ شامل: \n\n \n\n– لک ها \n\n \n\n-لرها \n\n \n\n-بختیاری ها \n\n \n\n-بویراحمدی ها \n\n \n\n-کهکیلویه \n\n \n\n-زازاها در شمال کردستان \n\n \n\n-گورانی شامل: \n\n \n\n-هورامی \n\n \n\n-کرمانشاهی \n\n \n\n-باجلانی(در شرق موصل) \n\n \n\nتوضیح: \n\n \n\n1.این یافته ها نشان می دهند که تاریخ تحریف شده ی ملت کرد، از نو باید نوشته شود. \n\n \n\n2.سهل انگاری ما کردها در بی توجهی به پژوهش های علمی و همچنین تلاش های نظام سلطه برای ایرانی نشان دادن کردها، مهمترین دلایل برای پذیرش این جعلیات تاریخی بوده اند. \n\n \n\n3.نتایج کامل پژوهش های انجام شده در چند ماه آینده به طور کامل در دسترس علاقه مندان قرار خواهد گرفت. \n\n \n\nمنابع: \n\n \n\nY-chromosome and mtDNA in Iraq, Al-Zaheri N, Semino, Benuzzi G, 2002 \n\n \n\nNeolithic Transition ant the Genetics of Populations in Europe, Princeton university press, 1984 \n\n \n\nPopulation Genethics Relationships betwwen Mediterranean Populations by HLA distribution and a historic perspective. Tissue Antigens. 2002 \n\n \n\nDie Herkunft der Kurden,Ferdinand Hennerbichler, Peterlang,2012 \n\n \n\nمنبع وبلاگ بهزاد خوشحالی",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
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{
"text": "آریایی ها واقعی مردم شمال هند و پاکستان هستند چون بین 50 تا 99% مارکر ژنتیکی آریایی دارند . \n\n \n\nبرخلاف تصور آریایی به معنای اروپایی نیست بلکه به معنای هندی و پاکستانی است . پارسیان باستان یعنی هخامنشیان و ساسانیان مهاجرانی از شمال هند و پاکستان و افغانستان به فلات ایران بودند و مواقع شکست دوباره به همان مناطق فرار می کردند و دوباره بازمی گشتند . \n\n \n\nفرهنگ و دین و باور و آیین های پارسیان باستان به مردم هند و پاکستان شباهت داشته است ولی به سبب چند هزار سال سکونت در جنوب و غرب ایران با فرهنگ بومیان و سامیان بین النهرین اختلاط پیدا کرده است . کردها و لر ها از آخرین موج های مهاجرت آریایی های هند که کولی نامیده می شدند به فلات ایران هستند که از زمان ساسانیان تا امویان ادامه داشته است . کولی های هند در غرب ایران با بومیان کوه نشین و نیز سامیان آشوری و یهودی ادغام نژادی پیدا کرده اند و امروزه کرد نامیده می شوند . \n\n \n\nمارکر آریایی در بین کردها از 0% تا 20% متغیر می باشد و مابقی مارکرهای سامی و بومیان غیر آریایی می باشد .",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
},
{
"text": "منکه تا حدودی با این صفحه موافقم کوردها از چندین هزار سال پیشتو غرب آسیا ساکن بودن ینی اولین مردمانی بودنکه کنار دجله و فرات و مناطقی دیگه از غرب آسیا ساکن بودن اینکه میگنکوردا آرایین اشتباست و ایرانی همنیستن تا حدودی فقط تو غرب ایران بودنک اون موقع اسمی از کشور ایران نبوده چونخاستگاه اولیشون کناره های دریای مدیترانه و عراقه منخودمکوردم ایلامم و افتخار میکنم یه اینکه اجدادم اولین ساکنان غرب آسیا بودن حتی پیامبرا همتا حدودی از نسل همین ساکنین غرب آسیا ینی کوردها هستن واین نکته رو هم بگمکه لر ها و فارسا جزء کوردها نیستن لرها از سالیانخیلی پیش تو زاگرس مرکزی ساکن بودن و برادر کوردها به حساب میان",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
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] |
e393af9686104a49a7a4bff65daea259 | by that i mean without asking any programmer intervention. thanks a lot to the community and charles & cardano team. | hi, how can a small enterprises easily fill and update an excel sheet like document that is public & forgery-proof to show due diligence? | askcharlesanything.com | 2021.25 | [
{
"text": "hey aca pool, thanks for your kind answer. github would be for programmers as far as i can see. i get the point that we best wait for dapps after goguen is fully released. @dapps builders: sme/smi as well as micro enterprise need ready and easy to use dapps to create better relationships with their staff, their customers and partners of all kinds. forgery-proof due diligence in all aspects of company management is needed. ada free responsible final customers from buying follow on the brand only or follow on the best price only or follow on any specific fake tag only. they should buy based on trust...",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
},
{
"text": "hey laurent, i think what you are trying to do can be done with an excel file ( xlsx ) using github account and publishing each update. here you can give access to the people working on it and show who published the update. this will let you make the file public to view but control who has access to update it. i don't think you necessarily need a blockchain or protocol like cardano to do this. you may see a dapp be developed later on the cardano network with business tools like this at some point. i anticipate a ton of cool dapps and tools for enterprise application coming quickly after the launch of goguen. i hope this helped answer your question.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": false
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] |
df505bf81a8c77ba84befd90457f33a5 | i am trying to do mnist classification using snn.
for the same, i wish to introduce a pause of 100ms between subsequent samples.
i tried to modify the presentinput process of nengo as follows but this does not work. any idea where am i going wrong?
class presentinputwithpause(process):
… | present input with pause | nengo.ai | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "i just took a quick look, but one thing i noticed is you don’t want to return none. you should return an array of zeros (np.zeros) with the same size as your images.\n\nalso, i would avoid keeping the extra index variable internally, as it’s an unnecessary state (furthermore, you need to initialize st…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
f2bc2738f4fd99c45b2e6a1262f61981 | as to the batch size:
i am interested in getting feedback on how batch size effects the lmu. specifically, a large batch size can have downsides, (e.g. [effect of batch size on training dynamics | by kevin shen | mini distill | medium](https://medium.com/mini-distill/effect-of-batch-size-on-training-dynamics-21c14f7a716e)) but i have a lot of data to process and i’m trying to weigh the … | batch size effect on lmu & gpu question | nengo.ai | 2021.43 | [
{
"text": "hi [@fladventurerob](/u/fladventurerob), and welcome to the nengo forums! :smiley:\n\nto answer your questions:\n\n[image] fladventurerob:\n\ni am interested in getting feedback on how batch size effects the lmu. specifically, a large batch size can have downsides, (e.g. [effect of batch size on training dynamics | by kevin…](https://medium.com/mini-distill/effect-of-batch-size-on-training-dynamics-21c14f7a716e)",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
5a58f00480e3f58a45a637134919dc1c | hi,
is there some code to calculate the effective number of synapses in a network? i don’t think there’s a straightforward implementation, given the extensive use of nodes in the connections (especially in spa). i’d like to know whether some of you have thought about it before i consider implementi… | number of synapses | nengo.ai | 2020.29 | [
{
"text": "thanks for the suggestion. i think this is a good idea for obtaining metrics about a model, and so it may make sense to do so alongside some other features for benchmarking and metric collection that have been planned. i’ve submitted it as a feature request here so that you can keep an eye on any pr…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
2c537436966b08066faac427137cc217 | hi,
i would like to create some direct connections between individual neurons of two separate ensembles, but with the bcm rule. “individual” means here: from one neuron to few others (but with noncontinuous indexes) - i treat an ensemble as a 2-dimensional array, as a picture shows:
[simple connec… | direct connections (with bcm rule) between individual neurons | nengo.ai | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "hi [@filipd](/u/filipd)\n\ni may have a solution for you, but first, i’ll get to your questions:\n\n[image] filipd:\n\nbut i assume that the zero-weight connections can be changed by bcm (due to postsynaptic activity and zero weight presynaptic spikes) - am i right? if so, it’s not a solution for me.\n\nthat is cor…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
29a026cf17d007d9b7d84e4d22a17233 | i don’t know why reason is when i convert darknet 19 to snn, i have an error
**simulationerror: number of saved parameters in keras\_to\_snn\_params (41) != number of variables in the model (44)**
if synapse =0.05 or non zeros and no error for synapse=none even i turn off optimizer "
with converter.… | convert darknet 19 to snn | nengo.ai | 2021.17 | [
{
"text": "hi [@ntquyen2](/u/ntquyen2), and welcome to the nengo forums!\n\nwith your code in particular, it looks like the nengodl graph optimizer has come up with two different solutions (when the synapses are included vs when they are not). to get around this issue, you’ll want to disable the graph optimizer entirely.\n\nto d…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
ff668482dc21e9d8ed99e6a57e34d710 | i have been trying to do mnist classification with a simple 1 layer network and unsupervised hebbian learning. there are 784 input neurons and 20 output neurons(fully connected).
now a single iteration of the entire mnist dataset (70,000 images, 350ms presentation time for each image) takes around … | parameter space exploration, nengo\_ocl and spinnaker | nengo.ai | 2021.17 | [
{
"text": "i took a look at your code and your observations are correct, there is an error in the code. as usual, the devils are in the details, and i should have elaborated on how the delta variable is updated in the step function.\n\ninternally, in nengo, the delta signal is a numpy array, and the simulator us…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
67b46118afb37a054179591169e17142 | hello everyone！
when i use nengo\_bio, it prompts me:
[[image]](https://forum.nengo.ai/uploads/default/original/1x/7d8853fb45941f5a105163a118798dbd1be41454.png "image")
but i have installed the bioneuronqp library according to the [readme](https://github.com/astoeckel/libbioneuronqp/blob/b69489dffc8b984cab7c047afbd0134b7022fe84/readme.md). how can i solve this situation?
if you can answer my question, i would be very grateful！ | some problems encountered when using bioneuronqp library | nengo.ai | 2020.50 | [
{
"text": "in the libbioneuronqp/bioneuronqp folder (from the git repository you cloned), there is a bioneuronqp.py test script. if you run this test script in your python environment, does it execute successfully? i tested the script with:\n\ncd <path\\_to\\_libbioneuronqp\\_repo>/bioneuronqp\n\npython bioneuronqp.py\n\na…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
f40dc27a5c706c2cae42ca1d1a37c1d8 | after installing nengo and trying to run it using the “nengo” command on the anaconda prompt, i am getting this error:
oserror: [winerror 10013] an attempt was made to access a socket in a way forbidden by its access permissions
anyone can help? | not able to run "nengo" command! | nengo.ai | 2021.21 | [
{
"text": "[image] msbouanane:\n\noserror: [winerror 10013] an attempt was made to access a socket in a way forbidden by its access permissions\n\nhi [@msbouanane](/u/msbouanane), and welcome to the nengo forums!\n\ni’ve not seen this error before, and a quick search reveals there may be several issues causing this.\n\nit may be …",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
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] |
37ca6be81d4641d050c9a1ad19be15f4 | i have nengo model and i need to add it some part that solves (non linear) optimization problem.
i need to find n dependent values that minimize some non linear objective.
since i want to minimize the objective, i can’t use pes. i mean, something like pes, but instead of error, minimize objective.… | nueromorphic optimizition solver | nengo.ai | 2021.39 | [
{
"text": "you are correct in the observation that for the specific objective function a^2 + b^2 + (a+b-0.5)^2, applying it naively to the pes rule will not work. this is because this specific function is always positive. worse still, at the minima of the objective function, the value is non-zero. for other re…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
80a8c53decf76807a87a13f439dbfa77 | hello everyone!
edit: please refer to questions below to begin the discussion straightforward. i have moved the code after the questions which can be used as an example to reproduce the warnings.
i am building a tf-keras convnet with layers having kernel regularizers, max pooling and also wish to … | [nengo dl]: building a convnet with kernel regularizers, dropout, and max pooling layers | nengo.ai | 2020.45 | [
{
"text": "it is possible with spiking neurons, but you have to sum over time (or filter) as you described. this is because we can’t know the firing rate of a neuron based on the instantaneous output (i.e. whether it’s spiking or not), but only by the firing rate, which takes time to compute. the more time you…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
9bde95bde99fa00d3c0950333bc271b3 | hi,
i am trying to build a model such that it can mimic experimental results of rat spiking data where subject is performing different tasks. the spa question example in the provided hbb ch5 tutorials seems relevant at this point. i have following questions:
to probe spiking data from let’s say m… | spikes analysis | nengo.ai | 2020.40 | [
{
"text": "[image] gaurav71531:\n\nis there any way such that i just probe only the spiking times, instead of whole neuron spikes output which has lots of zeros.\n\nthis is a [long-standing feature request](https://github.com/nengo/nengo/issues/447).\n\nfortunately there are some quick-and-dirty work-arounds you could take. here is one that i quickly hack…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
57a04544ad3e5639aa53e8bfc6181ea2 | i’m currently working on simulating a memristor that shows anti-hebbian stdp responses: weight decrease when the prepulse comes before the postpulse, positive delay, and weight increase when the postpulse comes before the prepulse, negative delay. such an stdp response has been shown to be useful in… | lateral inhibition within ensemble | nengo.ai | 2021.17 | [
{
"text": "hi [@flowhill](/u/flowhill),\n\n[image] flowhill:\n\nwould something like that even make sense? or is it more useful to make a network similar to the wta network where ensembles inhibit other ensembles.\n\nyour question about whether or not to use an ensemble (vs a single neuron) for your use case is, unfortunately…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
86911c2aa70e32f2fdd3541e8e0db60e | hi,
is there any possibility to pass simulator parameters (<https://www.nengo.ai/nengo/v3.1.0/backend-api.html#nengo.simulator>) to gui’s simulator (eg. change dt or optimize)? | passing simulator parameters to gui | nengo.ai | 2021.10 | [
{
"text": "this is a colossal (and unsupported) hack but if you want something quick and dirty that doesn’t involve setting up an extra package or changing anything outside of your script itself, you can add this to your script:\n\nimport importlib\n\nimport sys\n\npkg\\_name = \"my\\_backend\"\n\nspec = importlib.machinery.m…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
83b501b8b57b461dd5aab2cfe3d3c215 | hi everyone,
i am just new to nengo and want to implement a full adder module in nengo. i have tried to implement the sum function using xor operator “^” but the output goes only to almost .70 for 1 and 0.25 when the output should be 0. is there any other way to implement the full adder module? h… | implement full adder in nengo | nengo.ai | 2021.21 | [
{
"text": "hi [@subinsam](/u/subinsam), and welcome to the nengo forums! :smiley:\n\nyour request is an atypical one. the spiking neural networks implemented in nengo are generally more well suited to functions with continuous outputs, since the function approximation done by the nef algorithm rely partly on the smoothing oper…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
c5f412e27db057781f2a09550176298c | i want to modify the learning rate of my learning rule at runtime and to do this i execute two simulators one after the other and modify my model in-between:
model = nengo.network( seed=seed )
with model:
inp = nengo.node( lambda t, x: train\_neurons if t < time / 2 else [ -2 ] * neurons, size\_i… | can't probe after modifying model at runtime | nengo.ai | 2021.10 | [
{
"text": "the other thing you can do is that even though learningruletype is a frozenobject, and thus should not allow you to change parameters, you can still hack in and change parameters, for example:\n\nimport numpy as np\n\nimport nengo\n\nseed = 0\n\ntime = 0.01\n\nneurons = 10\n\ntrain\\_neurons = [1] * neurons\n\nmodel…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
0f0dd8193c1c01ff7a1351574ed36c4d | so i am trying to set up nengoloihi and nxsdk as detailed [here](https://www.nengo.ai/nengo-loihi/v1.0.0/installation.html). i am on the inrc cloud, thus it has default python 3.8.5; whereas for setting up nengoloihi 1.0.0 i need python 3.5.2 and nxsdk version should be between 0.9.0 and 0.9.9 (both inclusive). therefore in accordance with linked installation… | [nengo-loihi]: `\_rendezvous` error while setting up nxsdk 0.9.0 | nengo.ai | 2021.25 | [
{
"text": "as far as i’m aware, nxsdk 0.9.9 and below are not supported in ubuntu 20.04. but, nxsdk 1.0.0 requires ubuntu 20.04 to run, which is why intel had upgraded all of their cloud machines to use that version of ubuntu.\n\nunfortunately, this means that if you are running things on the inrc cloud, you wil…",
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] |
8d6bdc5a173b44e9cce06d1f3047b5f5 | could anyone explain to me the difference between these two below probes?
out\_p = nengo.probe(out, label="out\_p")
out\_p\_filt = nengo.probe(out, synapse=0.1, label="out\_p\_filt")
in the document was told that one without a filter and the other with the filter but i didn’t understand very well.
is… | synapse parameter in probe | nengo.ai | 2021.25 | [
{
"text": "hello [@arminsoltan](/u/arminsoltan), welcome to our community!\n\nsynapse parameter is used for smoothing the input/output signal; and the signal can be anything i.e. a continuous or discrete signal (e.g. spikes which are discrete). in the code below i have tried to explain the effect of synapse parameter.\n\nimport nen…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
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] |
0a08766bbef917e2503a1049b3c70bbf | hi,
in [this example](https://www.nengo.ai/nengo/examples/learning/learn-associations.html), you show how to learn sp associations using interneurons that learn a sparse representation of their input in an unsupervised manner, and learn a transformation with supervision.
i’m wondering if there could be a way to learn correlational associations through a single synapse… | unsupervised learning of heteroassociations | nengo.ai | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "hi [@vaurien96](/u/vaurien96), and welcome back to the nengo forums! :smiley:\n\nto answer your primary question:\n\nis it even possible to learn a simple communication channel this way?\n\nyes, it is! i believe the most straight-forward way to learn such a communication channel is to use the pes learning rule. however…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
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] |
a201ee4fa998ea8bc9d2ce6bffe183b9 | is it possible (or does it even make sense) to implement a spiking neural network model in nengo for dimensionality reduction and reconstruction of a stimulus a la generative modeling? if so, what would that entail? what i mean is something like an autoencoder that could learn a compact, noise-robus… | dimensionality reduction/generative modeling with nengo | nengo.ai | 2020.40 | [
{
"text": "[image] khanus:\n\na spiking autoencoder to work? i’m trying to do it right now but am having some trouble. it doesn’t seem as straightforward as i thought it’d be, so if anyone has got some working code i’d love to take a look if i could! thanks!\n\nhave you taken a look at this [auto-encoder examp…](https://www.nengo.ai/nengo-dl/examples/from-tensorflow.html?highlight=auto%20encoder#what-is-nengo)",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
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] |
e9e924dd5845653e85be3a7284fa3c7a | this was there on the top of my head for long… so while responding to the comments by community members, sometimes i wish to simply do a :+1: to show my agreement or simply thank them. i do see a :heart: emoticon, but that is probably best suited if we really love the answers/efforts put by the comm… | can this forum have a "thumbs up" and a "thank you" emoticons too? | nengo.ai | 2021.39 | [
{
"text": "this plugin is now installed. the default “like” is now just a :+1:. to see the other reactions, hover over the :+1:. the list of reactions can be modified, so if anyone has suggestions of other emojis they’d like to see, please suggest them in this thread and i’ll add them.",
"name": "",
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ed6879ba98e0f0ca8df87837fca0e711 | i’m trying to design an snn that contains a small cnn converted from tensorflow, but my end goal is to simulate on loihi and characterize the energy. as a step in this direction, i’ve been trying to run just a converted cnn on loihi. i was able to run the simulation and pick scaled firing rates, syn… | loihi energy probes and simulation timeout | nengo.ai | 2021.17 | [
{
"text": "have you tried my suggestion?\n\n[image] xchoo:\n\none quick thing you can try while you are putting together all of the documents:\n\nlooking at the code you posted in your first post, i did notice that when you created the performanceprobecondition object, you set tend=int(run\\_time / dt) * 10. if you…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
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] |
e3b63b1ee3c0b5ceacb49725ccffde8d | i am looking into porting my custom learning rule “mpes” from nengo core to nengodl and, from what i understand, i need to implement two different build functions:
from nengo\_dl.builder import builder, nengobuilder
@nengobuilder.register( mpes )
def build\_mpes( model, mpes, rule )
...
@builder.reg… | build functions for nengodl | nengo.ai | 2020.34 | [
{
"text": "yes, you would need to register it with core nengo, but you can use the same build function as the @nengobuilder one as described below:\n\nfrom nengo\\_dl.builder import builder, nengobuilder\n\nfrom nengo.builder import builder as nengocorebuilder\n\[email protected]( mpes )\n\[email protected]…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
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] |
fd5e220c18d6d58a4c3754fe8b560f45 | hello everyone,
i am including below a small script to reproduce the issue i am facing.
import nengo
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import nengo\_dl
seed = 0
np.random.seed(seed)
tf.random.set\_seed(seed)
def get\_model(include\_kr=false):
inp = tf.keras.input(shape=(28, 28, 1))
… | [nengo-dl]: why is the output of `converter.net.all\_nodes` different upon inclusion/exclusion of kernel regularizer? | nengo.ai | 2021.17 | [
{
"text": "[image] zerone:\n\ni am more concerned about the difference in label names and the extra node (unlabeled) at <memory-address> which caused my code to break (as it was expecting same output of label names irrespective of the presence of regularizer or not.\n\narchitecturally, the converted nengo net…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
24b03d4f9075b94ac7b06ab53b4095ae | hi,
i’m using kapoho bay chip and trying to run a simple simulation using nengo\_loihi simulator.
i’m using ubuntu 18.04, and the only version detected the chip for me was python v3.6.8 with nxsdk v0.9.8.
so i managed to got the message:
using kapoho bay serial number 433
test\_fpio\_loopback: chai… | using nengo-loihi on kapoho bay | nengo.ai | 2021.31 | [
{
"text": "this looks like some sort of compilation error within nxsdk itself. on my machine, /usr/include/x86\\_64-linux-gnu/bits/libc-header-start.h is provided by the libc6-dev package, so you can try installing that package.\n\nif that doesn’t solve things, i would try is running one of the nxsdk tutorials ava…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
b2ecc2b8fbdbb596dba044ee435d8b2a | if there is an ensemble and two different nodes are connected so that both of the nodes are inputs to the ensemble. (ie. when there is an ensemble ens1 and two nodes, node1 and node 2, nengo.connection(node1, ens) and nengo.connection(node2, ens) ), how do these inputs contribute to the ensemble?
d… | two connections into an ensemble | nengo.ai | 2021.25 | [
{
"text": "yes. although subject to the parameters in nengo.connection(), e.g. if the outputs of the node1 and node2 are spikes and you are using your above code to connect them to ens1, then the output spikes would be synapsed by the default value 0.005 before being summed up in the input to the ens1. of cour…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
5a9c5f7e30ed1a384714c7d1cbeac9f0 | hello everyone,
i am trying to implement a one-layer fully connected snn, in order to classify mnist digits using stdp.
i was able to load the data using a node and add the stdp rule to nengo and i can see that the learning is happening as intended.
now i want to add the lateral inhibition (for t… | nengo, wta and homeostasis | nengo.ai | 2020.50 | [
{
"text": "hi [@timodz](/u/timodz)! :smiley:\n\ni took a quick look at your code and i’ll try to address some of your questions below.\n\nlateral inhibition\n\n[image] timodz:\n\n1- is there any issue with the way the inhibition is implemented in my example?\n\nsyntactically, what you are doing is the way lateral inhibition wou…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
8b21fdc47216dd42da65ecf2d4db9551 | hi,
i now try to put my network on the gpu
i have already install the nengo\_ocl
but it still jump error when i run this example code
[image]
how can i solve the problem??
best regards,
lynn | run nengo on gpu | nengo.ai | 2020.34 | [
{
"text": "hi,\n\nwith latest nengo release v3.0.0, nengo.utils.logging is removed and nengo-ocl does not work with latest nengo release. we recommend to use nengo-dl for running any nengo model on a gpu.\n\nplease refer to <https://github.com/nengo/nengo-ocl/issues/165> for detailed discussion.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
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] |
d983894f8edcb2459e0bbddadde727f2 | i read this documentation about [ensemblearray](https://www.nengo.ai/nengo/networks.html#nengo.networks.ensemblearray), and it writes:
however, since the neurons represent different dimensions separately, we cannot compute nonlinear interactions between those dimensions.
i’m not sure i understand this claim… is there a concrete example of what ensemblearray can’t do … | ensemble array and nonlinear interactions | nengo.ai | 2021.39 | [
{
"text": "hi nrofis,\n\nbecause an ensemblearray can be treated similarly to an ensemble, this documentation is just intended to make it clear that they are distinct. when an ensemble is 2 dimensional you can calculate a nonlinear function (e.g., x[0] * x[1]) of the represented values because the neurons are se…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
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] |
18299b46c7c620cd829605b6a69cd72c | hello, i’m trying to follow [spiking mnist](https://www.nengo.ai/nengo-dl/examples/spiking-mnist.html) tutorial using colab. [[colab code]](https://colab.research.google.com/github/nengo/nengo-dl/blob/master/docs/examples/spiking-mnist.ipynb)
i added a code cell at the beginning to install nengo&nengodl,
!pip install nengo
!pip install nengo-dl
then tried to import some libraries.
%matplotlib inline
from urllib.request import urlretrieve
import nengo
impor… | import nengodl in google colab | nengo.ai | 2020.45 | [
{
"text": "colab probably uses the latest tensorflow 2.3.0 as default and nengodl has not yet been updated to support the changes that were introduced (see <https://github.com/nengo/nengo-dl/issues/167#issuecomment-668575023>).\n\nuntil nengodl is updated, a workaround is to:\n\nadd this cell to your imports:\n\n!gi…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
8b97f608a0bf237c8a20cc89602a8bc8 | a quick question about approximating functions with neurons:
i noticed in the multiplication example, and with my quick experimenting, that a user-defined function used on a connection can only act on the input of the connection. an easy way to make the function take in multiple arguments is to inc… | function on a connection with loihi | nengo.ai | 2020.40 | [
{
"text": "hi [@luke](/u/luke)\n\nnengoloihi doesn’t currently support slicing on inputs to nengo.ensemble objects that are implemented on the loihi board. the simple fix to your issue is to combine the inp nodes into one 2d output instead of having two 1d outputs, like so:\n\nwith nengo.network(label=\"addition\") as model:\n\n…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
e42e15ad147187b4fa406ac425c43827 | hi all! i am just starting my journey into this awesome world. i have a possibly dumb question. if i have a csv of imu data from an accelerometer how can i use that as an input to a nengo.node(). i have gone through the minst tutorial but it doesn’t seem to translate very well for a vector captur… | can you use numpy vectors as inputs to nengo.nodes? | nengo.ai | 2021.17 | [
{
"text": "hello [@bdina](/u/bdina), thanks for clarifying. what i understand from your above comment is that you are trying to access each of the 127 elements of a row in your data-frame through nengo.node. here’s the following code to do it.\n\ni created a random data-frame of 100 rows and 128 columns.\n\ndf = pd.dataframe(…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
ceec981bb7716ff384de7fa9e3aa6e22 | hi
does someone know how to get output (y) and estimated output (y\_hat) in make\_step function when we are implementing a learning rule. | get the output and estimated output in make\_step | nengo.ai | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "the decoded values of the pre and post populations can be found in model.sig[conn0][\"out\"] and model.sig[conn1][\"out\"], where conn0 is the connection from pre to error and conn1 is the connection from post to error.\n\nbut note that rather than trying to directly access the values of signals outside y…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
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] |
45d872b17434e416ec31b9e9528d04c8 | i tried to write the following line of code
x = nengo\_dl.layer(tf.keras.layers.add())([x\_1, x\_2, x\_3, x\_4])
however i got the error
attributeerror: 'list' object has no attribute 'size\_out'
how do i use the add() layer | how to use tf.keras.layers.add() with nengo\_dl | nengo.ai | 2021.10 | [
{
"text": "indeed! the nengo\\_dl.layer class only works with single input/outputs at the moment, however, we do have a [github issue](https://github.com/nengo/nengo-dl/issues/152) open to support multi-inputs/outputs.\n\nas for your question, there are two ways you can implement the keras add layer in your nengodl model. if you are comfortable to define your e…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
f5298e3e79529a87bfe47c64b330f2c4 | i am learning nengo and nef and going through the examples in the tutorials.
in the example, it shows the algorithms to find the gain and bias for lif neurons but i don’t get the logic behind it. (z, g, b etc).
[[image]](https://forum.nengo.ai/uploads/default/original/1x/eef900b6580642c46ae2c27543f3935e26458df6.png "image")
could someone explain the formula a little bit more?
thanks, | nengo nef algorithm. finding gain and bias | nengo.ai | 2021.21 | [
{
"text": "righto. i can see your confusion, the equation derivation is a little more nuanced than just the equations for $j$ and $a(x)$. btw, our forums support $\\latex$. simply encapsulate a $\\latex$ formula within $, like so:\n\n$\\latex$\n\nback to the explanation!\n\nso, as i mentioned before, there are two equa…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
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] |
c1d53dfcbe7b8c42df510e743cdf2e7a | i watched the nengo summer school on youtube and play with the example that they attached to [lecture 7](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdbymhdrrza) (the code is in the video description)
i’ve two questions about that example, especially about the error signal:
after running it for a couple of minutes, the agent learned to prefer to stay in… | nengo summer school rl example | nengo.ai | 2021.31 | [
{
"text": "[image] nrofis:\n\nbut i don’t understand why it rotates in the place (0 speed) or going back and forth. it gets a positive reward by its speed. so, rotating in the place has no penalty but also has 0 reward. i would expect that the agent will move around in circles to keep the speed high and get a…",
"name": "",
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] |
0946d41f3751adaaa8a883c423495c5d | upon applying a lowpass synaptic filter to a spike train as in the following code, one can see that the smoothed output rises initially and then it stabilizes. why is that so? if you have spikes at regular intervals (e.g. every 7th time-step), shouldn’t the smoothed output keep rising as long as the… | [nengo]: how does nengo.lowpass() filter work? | nengo.ai | 2021.17 | [
{
"text": "[image] zerone:\n\nupon applying a lowpass synaptic filter to a spike train as in the following code, one can see that the smoothed output rises initially and then it stabilizes. why is that so? if you have spikes at regular intervals (e.g. every 7th time-step), shouldn’t the smoothed output keep r…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
3177fcf137b30d6c25ba2273f15005d2 | hey folks!
i am new to nengo and confused about some concepts pertaining to supervised learning and spiking neurons. it’d be great if i could get answers to some of these doubts:
what is the difference between connection(ens1, ens2) and connection(ens1.neurons,ens2.neurons), and how does this cha… | confused about spiking neurons and supervised learning concepts | nengo.ai | 2020.40 | [
{
"text": "the format of the probed spike output looks something like this:\n\n[[0, 0, 1000.0, 0, 1000.0, 0, ....],\n\n[0, 1000.0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ....],\n\n...,\n\n[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1000.0, ....]]\n\nthe shape of the spikes output data is $t\\times n$, where $t$ is the number of timesteps the simulation has taken, and $n$ is …",
"name": "",
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] |
da4364de694a63e5957cc5c4f747bb85 | i am adding a custom neuron type operator (stplif) to the nengo\_dl backend. i first add the regular nengo operator and then the operator builder that is needed for nengo\_dl.
from nengo\_dl import builder, nengobuilder
from nengo.neurons import lif
class stplif(lif):
@nengobuilder.register(stplif… | adding a custom neuron type operator to nengo dl | nengo.ai | 2021.39 | [
{
"text": "when you’re registering nengodl builders, you need to register them with the operator, rather than the neuron type (stplif). however, registering new neuron builders works a bit differently, because all neurons have the same operator (simneurons). so if you look at neuron\\_builders.py, you’ll see tha…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
c4fcc858bc3c5c26018f14c1b41ecf93 | i have an ensemble of neurons, net.m1.m1. the data generated by the probe nengo.probe(net.m1.m1.neurons) contains values 0 and 1000 indicating whether a neuron spiked as expected for dt=1000. however, this output is totally different:
net.test\_node = nengo.node(output=lambda t, x: print(x), size\_in… | probe shows different values for ensemble.neurons than connection | nengo.ai | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "hi [@luciano](/u/luciano),\n\ni think the issue between the different values between the probe and the connection is because of the default synaptic filter that is applied to nengo.connections. doing:\n\nnengo.connection(a, b)\n\nis the same as doing:\n\nnengo.connection(a, b, synapse=0.005)\n\nwhereas doing this:\n\nnengo.p…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
3c763aa460e9763749aecdd09c519aa7 | hi everyone,
recently i’ve been playing around with a spiking nengo autoencoder, which i was able to get working with the help of some of the great folks here (thanks for that!).
here are some results from a model i trained to reconstruct neural spikes (trained on real neural data). the reconstruc… | time sequence autoencoder extensions | nengo.ai | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "hi [@khanus](/u/khanus)\n\ni finally had the time to take a look at your code to figure out what was wrong with it. as it turns out, it was a rather simple fix (but i only discovered it after taking apart pretty much your entire notebook… :laughing: )\n\nthe offending cell was the one with this code:\n\nwith nengo\\_dl.…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
0bb550c5c6cc2d654b210bb773699ae3 | hello all, i have few general questions along with how to do prediction on batches of test data with a converted spiking network. i am attaching my [script](https://filebin.net/ukuk1muy3qlluddo/spiking_2d_cnns_training_from_scratch.ipynb?t=dtiikech) here for downloading and running. the error i am facing in this script is: simulationerror: number of saved parameters in ./keras\_to\_snn\_params (… | [nengo-dl]: prediction with batches of test data | nengo.ai | 2020.34 | [
{
"text": "[image] zerone:\n\n{\n\n\"dense.0\": label,\n\n\"conv2d.0\": np.ones((train\\_labels.shape[0], 1, conv0\\_p.size\\_in)) * target\\_rate,\n\n\"conv2d\\_1.0\": np.ones((train\\_labels.shape[0], 1, conv1\\_p.size\\_in)) * target\\_rate,\n\n}\n\ni believe in this section this should be batch\\_size, not train\\_la…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
8a4b2eb76d23996b0e4f7dd1d06f4cd4 | hi,everyone!
i am a novice. in the process of learning nengo, i found that nengo was created based on nef, and tensorflow can be used in nengodl, so is nengodl also created based on tensorflow? is there a containment relationship between nengo and nengodl?
i would be very grateful if you could ans… | what is the relationship between nef, tensorflow，nengodl, and nengo？ | nengo.ai | 2020.40 | [
{
"text": "hello [@yl0910](/u/yl0910)! welcome to the community!\n\nhaving some experience with nengo and nengo-dl i think i can take a glance at your question. you are mostly correct with your understanding. nef, as the acronym stands for is a framework to model neural connections, neural communication etc. when attempting …",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
c1b94d734c303adf5b9dc13d547f1a92 | hello everyone. i tried to build my own model using nengo-bio, but i found that there is no learning algorithm similar to pes or bcm in bio.connection. is there a learning algorithm in nengo-bio? is there such an example? | is there a learning algorithm in nengo-bio? | nengo.ai | 2020.50 | [
{
"text": "[@xchoo](/u/xchoo) is right, learning is currently not implemented in nengo-bio. the problem is that it is not clear at all what the correct way to do learning in a split excitatory/inhibitory connection is. figuring this out would be a research project on its own. while delving into this is definitively on my …",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
77c39991fb76499911dc1239cec5ccb0 | i tried to connect nengo with openai gym and it was just a few lines of code but the same thing to be achieved with nest needs the music interface and quite a lot of work.
why is this so easy with nengo but so difficult with other simulators? | differences in intrerfacing openai gym with nengo and nest | nengo.ai | 2020.34 | [
{
"text": "we’re glad you think that nengo is easy to use [@adam\\_antios](/u/adam_antios)!\n\nthe short answer is that the use case that you’re describing (interfacing nengo with a real-time python environment) is one of the main use cases we had in mind when we developed nengo 2.0. those are the kind of models we wanted to develo…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
813076ca2444630767618554beece2dd | hi, first-time poster here, i’ve been reading along and really appreciated the supportive community :slight\_smile:
i’m trying to simulate a binary weight snn with nengodl and eventually fpga for a simple set such as mnist, but couldn’t find a way to adjust the weight resolution, is it doable?
than… | nengodl/fpga with binary weights | nengo.ai | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "hi [@6011304](/u/6011304) and welcome to the nengo forums!\n\n[image] 6011304:\n\ni’m trying to simulate a binary weight snn with nengodl and eventually fpga for a simple set such as mnist, but couldn’t find a way to adjust the weight resolution, is it doable?\n\nit’s hard to say if what you are attempting to achi…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
7e4964e5d5d4b513faf69d3e3d29359b | i was wondering if the nengo gui is able to support printing live values. let’s say i want to print the output of my error ensemble in the gui’s terminal, i would simply do this as:
print\_node=nengo.node(output=lambda t,x: print(t,x), size\_in=1)
nengo.connection(error,print\_node, synapse=none)
un… | live output of function in gui | nengo.ai | 2020.50 | [
{
"text": "have you checked the terminal where you launched the gui? as opposed to the window inside the gui? if i recall correctly, the former is where any print statements go while your model is being built and validated (which may call your node with the zero input), and the latter for while your model is a…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
3e50cd273db725e069430010e7dcb1cc | hi all! i’m new to nengo, and am going through the hbb tutorials in the built-in examples folder.
the first one in chapter 3 (hbb\_tutorials/chapter3/1-addition.py), however, crashed the gui server when i tried to open it! it left me with the following long error message.
full error messagetracebac… | "bug" found in tutorial file that crashes gui | nengo.ai | 2020.34 | [
{
"text": "hi thorimur,\n\nwelcome and good catch! thanks for pointing that out. the pr with the fix is made and should be merged soon.\n\ncheers",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
cb57e91e73758f7261c4b92f3cfad20e | hello everyone!
i am currently trying to convert a cspnet style network from keras to native nengo. this means at some point i need to split my computation graph and slice the tensors like in this keras code:
x1 = conv2d(...)(inp)
# slice tensor in half
x2 = x1[...,:x1.shape[-1]//2]
x2 = conv2d(..… | converting csp networks from keras to nengo | nengo.ai | 2021.10 | [
{
"text": "hi [@mojoforpresident](/u/mojoforpresident), and welcome to the nengo forums. :smiley:\n\nyour question is a tricky one for sure! i’m not a nengodl power user by any means, and our lead nengodl dev is on leave, so i couldn’t find a way to implement the slicing operator within the nengodl converter. [@drasmuss](/u/drasmuss) (the lead nengo…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
fd052ec6aa369b995fa08aee21c6ddf3 | dear all,
i have read the paper titled “hardware aware training for efficient keyword spotting on
general purpose and specialized hardware” . in this paper, the lmu was modified as below:
"we have removed the connection from the nonlinear to the linear layer, the connection from the linear laye… | how to build a multiple linear memory layer lmu? | nengo.ai | 2021.25 | [
{
"text": "you’ll want hidden\\_to\\_memory = true in order to get the h\\_{t-1} -> u\\_t connection that you see in the architecture diagram. you’ll also want input\\_to\\_hidden = true in order to get the x\\_t -> nonlinear connection in the architecture.\n\nalso note that the lmu allows passing in an arbitrary hidden\\_cell,…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
7961a7e99c6370c45e3868ac396da69e | hello everyone.
i’m a researcher focused on machine learning, namely in the development of supervised/unsupervised methods for data stream mining (dsm). i recently discovered nengo and snns in general and i think they are impressive. the temporal dynamics of snns are perfect for dsm. however, the … | on the application of supervised learning in nengo for data stream mining. q1: encoding methods | nengo.ai | 2021.17 | [
{
"text": "i haven’t looked into the details of the referenced work but everything that you said sounds right to me. you should be able to use a custom node and connect directly to .neurons in order to encode the input with whatever logic that you want (note you can also make your node output stateful by makin…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
9ea90074b48e3dbf91e3db9a7b879db0 | so i am working with nengo\_dl on an image classification task. i have a datagenerator which yields batches of data. i saw an online blog post in which two probes are being connected to an output layer with the following explanation:
# we'll create two different output probes, one with a filter
# (f… | need help with generators feeding data into nengo networks | nengo.ai | 2021.10 | [
{
"text": "looking at the nengodl code, the sim.evaluate, sim.predict (and others) are pretty much just wrappers for the underlying tensorflow model calls. so, to use the data generator with the sim.evaluate function, you’ll have to do the same thing you would need to do to get it to work in tensorflow.\n\nfrom …",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
576f7c4319ea0da151d62e99fa46143b | hello! i am new to nengo and would appreciate some help on the following tutorial [here](https://arvoelke.github.io/nengolib-docs/notebooks/examples/full_force_learning.html) for implementing the full-force algorithm on a set of izhikevich neurons (even though in the tutorial lif neurons are used, i have managed to set the neuron type to be izhikevich).
however, i am having trouble to… | full-force tutorial issue | nengo.ai | 2020.34 | [
{
"text": "welcome! thanks for taking a look and trying to extend my tutorial. the input data is provided via nengo.node, specifically this line:\n\nu = nengo.node(output=nengo.processes.presentinput(u, dt))\n\nyou can replace u with a 1d vector representing the input time-series, and dt with the amount of tim…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
d96a14aba24e0e0e86eb037cf99414db | (see next post for quicker to answer questions that don’t need this context)
dear all,
i am implementing a head direction network in nengo, based on this publication: <http://compneuro.uwaterloo.ca/files/publications/conklin.2005.pdf>. in short, the neurons represent the first n components of the fo… | encoders and stable dynamics for a head direction network | nengo.ai | 2020.34 | [
{
"text": "hello matthijs,\n\nvery interesting question! i’ve tried playing with a few things, and i do believe this should be able to work, but i’m not quite sure what we need to adjust. i haven’t tried this before for a head-direction circuit – whenever i’ve needed something like that in the past i’ve used th…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
8718a4138523533b5969ff5832ea86bf | hi，
i am very interested in the encoding and decoding mechanism of nengo. compared with neuron, what is unique about nengo? why is it necessary to perform fully encoding and decoding for each connection in nengo? instead of sending spikes between neurons like neuron?
thanks | why for each connection, complete encoding and decoding are performed between the state space and the neuron space, instead of directly sending the spikes to other neurons? | nengo.ai | 2020.40 | [
{
"text": "hi yl0910,\n\nthe encoding process is performed to transform a vector space signal into a current that is passed into the neuron model.\n\nbecause the filter smooths the signal it helps filter noise, it’s the primary reason for applying a filter in your model.\n\nassuming that you’re referring to the x in …",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
31b8b06fbe395bc1590316e37c308896 | hi,
i’m trying to use a probabilistic snn model, similar to what’s discussed in [this paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.01059)
from the api description, i see that there are implementations for poissonspiking and stochasticspiking neurons. i was trying to use the poissonspiking neuron but it does not seem to recognize that it exists… | using the poisson/stochastic models with nengodl | nengo.ai | 2020.34 | [
{
"text": "hi [@khanus](/u/khanus), thanks for looking into nengo!\n\nthe poissonspiking and stochasticspiking classes are quite new; we added them to the development version of nengo last week. to use the development version, you will have to have git installed, and then you can follow our [developer installation](https://www.nengo.ai/nengo/contributing.html#developer-installation) instruction…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
38e1071d58c0d5bbd69a70bd357dacce | hi,
so far i have been using sim.fit() for training my models, but my new task requires me to use preloaded batches.
i was wondering if there is a good way to explicitly train on batches like in this post: <https://keras.io/guides/writing_a_training_loop_from_scratch/>
thanks :slight\_smile: | training loop using nengo network | nengo.ai | 2021.31 | [
{
"text": "hi julian and welcome to the forum!\n\nthe keras example you reference is creating a custom training loop, which you probably don’t need to do.\n\nnengodl is setup to use batching by default, you should be able to simply set the batch size for the simulator object (nengo\\_dl.simulator.minibatch\\_size). ta…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
946ef0664f9b797d75e480377bd9aa67 | i am trying to build the nengo documentation using sphinx in order to contribute it as a docset to dash (<https://github.com/kapeli/dash-user-contributions#contribute-a-new-docset>) but when running:
sphinx-build -vw docs docs/\_build
i get:
traceback (most recent call last):
file “/users/thomas… | building nengo core documentation sphinx error | nengo.ai | 2020.34 | [
{
"text": "hi [@tioz](/u/tioz). this looks to be due to some sphinx updates. it is a very recent error that only just started happening in the master build a couple days ago, and has been fixed in <https://github.com/nengo/nengo/pull/1623> (not yet merged). specifically see the commit titled “add docstrings to weakkeyiddic…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
11afd3f4f2b872af10aa6cd5fae228b2 | hi，everyone！
i am trying to build a bionic network. how to realize the excitatory and inhibitory connection between neurons?
i have tried to set it like this:
weights = np.ones((b.n\_neurons, a.n\_neurons))
conn\_demo=nengo.connection(a.neurons,b.neurons,transform=weights)
the weights are all set… | how to realize the inhibitory connection between neurons | nengo.ai | 2020.40 | [
{
"text": "to expand upon what [@arvoelke](/u/arvoelke) posted specifically looking at the network you included in your post, the reason why the output of the a ensemble is not 0 when transform=-1 is as follows:\n\nthe stim value provided to the a ensemble is 0.5. the inhibition value provided to the a ensemble is also 0.5. th…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
bc9c971fd31a61e8376a2e863b8ed911 | is there a way to remove (or set to zero) specific synapses? given an ensemble a that outputs to ensemble b, i’d like to lesion the network by choosing some subset of neurons in b and removing all incoming connections to those neurons coming from a, while still having other connections to those neur… | targeted synapse removal | nengo.ai | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "hi [@luciano](/u/luciano),\n\nyou can “lesion” specific synapses in a nengo network using a similar method to the neuron lesion code you linked in your post. first, it is important to note that in nengo, a synapse is a filter applied to the connection between two ensembles. the synaptic filter is applied on the col…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
383aa907ae56fb7eeb1d2316f3921f16 | hey everyone,
i have been having trouble with increasing the simulation duration of my nengodl simulation because of memory constraints. i am working on a rather big model (yolo v4 tiny), which needs lots of memory to begin with. but when specifying larger simulation durations, the memory consumpti… | memory consumption on various simulation durations | nengo.ai | 2021.39 | [
{
"text": "from what i can tell, it’s just a difference in the size of your output tensor (in the data dictionary created by nengo\\_sim.predict). it has shape (n\\_test, n\\_steps, n\\_classes), which for your first case is (400, 10, 10) (156.25 kib) and in the second case (400, 500, 10) (7812.5 kib).\n\ni can’t think …",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
47e4dffbc6696a6f6d295ed9a14a9457 | hi,
i want to implement the following functionality using nengo,
y(t) = w*x(t) + f(y(t-1))
where * is multiply operator. nengo.dense can be used to compute ‘w*x(t)’. and f(y(t-1)) is not constant and changes with the input at the previous time step. so i was wondering how to implement this using … | how to implement w*x(t) + f(y(t-1)) in using nengo.dense? | nengo.ai | 2021.39 | [
{
"text": "hi [@joshivm22](/u/joshivm22),\n\nto start, if you are looking for a solution that is compatible with nengoloihi, it’ll be better to implement this function using nengo.ensemble rather than nengo.dense.\n\nnow, let us examine the function you want to implement:\n\n$y(t) = w \\times x(t) + f(y(t-1))$\n\nlooking at this funct…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
249042a07feaa3930fafefa42f241879 | i’m trying to implement an integrator in nengo.
i followed your documentation, but in [step 3](https://www.nengo.ai/nengo/examples/dynamics/integrator.html#step-3:-connect-the-network-elements) you mention that the synapse of the connection between the input and the ensemble is tau, which is reasonable.
but then i find that you have already implemented such integrator built in in nengo. but in [it…](https://www.nengo.ai/nengo/v3.0.0/_modules/nengo/networks/integrator.html) | synapse of integrator | nengo.ai | 2021.39 | [
{
"text": "[image] nrofis:\n\nsince such a “contract” between nengo and the users leads to not intuitive results when composite models.\n\nyes, it is, and for this reason we only do this for networks that are relatively simple:\n\n[image] xchoo:\n\nthus configured such that all input synapses (for networks whe…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
80c86f57291c2cf6c634dd8f5992582a | i am working on creating builders for nengo dl for a custom neuron type as well as a learning rule type. the neuron type is coming along fine but i am having some issues with the learning rule type. i need the initial values of the weights (as well as from another attribute). now i know how to get t… | building a custom learning rule operator for nengo dl | nengo.ai | 2020.40 | [
{
"text": "you’ll need to make the initial values into tensors then with tf.constant. all that signals.combine does with tensors is concatenates along the first axis, so it’s probably easiest to do that first in numpy, and then make the big concatenated set of weights into a tensor.\n\nfrankly, there’s a lot of …",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
ce9570740985349eaa28d0cd66d04d1e | hi,
i converted a simple keras model with
nengo\_converter = nengo\_dl.converter(…)
now i want to add a new nengo network to the flow.
the steps are :
input is fed into the keras network (nengo\_converter.net??),
the result of the keras dl network will be fed into my pure nengo network
i’m not … | integrating nengo model to dl model | nengo.ai | 2021.10 | [
{
"text": "[image] hadarcd:\n\ni want to use the predicted output from this trained network to be the input signal for a nengo spiking network.\n\nis it possible to connect them and run them together as an end-to-end flow?\n\nyes! you can! :smiley:\n\nthe simplest implementation\n\nsince the .net attribute of the n…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
db54fcca48a7f5e867a68bd7a9fa2b38 | hello there!
i have been getting in depth of nengo-dl models for past few months and have quite a number of general questions about it as i progress. in this topic i intend to ask them, but will go one by one, so as not to dilute the discussion. i will keep updating the list of questions here so th… | [nengo-dl] general questions - q1 | nengo.ai | 2021.17 | [
{
"text": "[image] zerone:\n\nq1. in a nengo-dl model (created from model trained in tf - relu neurons), i have set the scale\\_firing\\_rates = 200.\n\nthere are two different (somewhat interlinked) parameters being discussed in your question: max\\_rates and scale\\_firing\\_rates. i’ll discuss both of them separatel…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
7733c71adb3538934fc875454fdae42b | hi,
i have been running into a similar to [this](https://forum.nengo.ai/t/energy-time-profiling-on-loihi/1204) problem with nengo-loihi.
i set the probes before the with sim block but i still get an [errorstack](https://elmah.io/tools/stack-trace-formatter/91eae6c94f9d4565900717924d26122b)
the relevant part of my code:
simtime = 10
nengo\_loihi.set\_defaults()
sim = nengo\_loihi.simulator(model,dt=dt,precompute=true)
board = sim.sims["loihi… | cannot get energy benchmark on loihi (kapohobay) | nengo.ai | 2021.25 | [
{
"text": "so i figured that energy probes are not supported on kapohobay, i can delete the post unless you would like to keep it for someone that might run into the same issue.",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
8c12960a421d5e275b3ccb718331700c | hello everyone!
i am currently stuck at passing the training data in custom batches to the nengo-dl simulator. actually i am coming from this following related problem. i was of the opinion that i can train the network in tf-keras, save the intermediate weights, load them again (in the same tf-kera… | [nengo-dl]: how to do batch training of a nengo-dl model? | nengo.ai | 2020.34 | [
{
"text": "for the first issue, what i observed is you are using new\\_model with nengo\\_dl.converter but trying to use inpt from model.\n\nwhen using the converter.inputs, it would be required to use the input from the same model (i.e. new\\_model).\n\nfor example,\n\nnew\\_model, inp, out = create\\_2d\\_cnn\\_model(img\\_shape)…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
7f558b2072dd057573c05c38890dc503 | hi everyone!
i created a nengo network and another non-spiking network with the same architecture. is it normal to have approximately the same amount of trainable parameters but an enormous higher amount of non-trainable parameters for the spiking neural network?
my non-spiking network has 3,085,1… | number of parameters in snn and cnn | nengo.ai | 2020.29 | [
{
"text": "hi [@louuiissaa](/u/louuiissaa) and welcome to the forum!\n\ngreat question. currently (at time of writing), the most recent release of nengo-dl includes many variables in the non-trainable parameters that aren’t traditionally called “parameters”, such as the state that the simulator is maintaining from one time-step …",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
57715bdda31662f8ea36d9dc7ccaf2fe | hello,
i’d be interested in profiling time and energy spent in spiking phase on loihi. i’ve run into similar issues as [this post](https://forum.nengo.ai/t/nengo-to-nengo-loihi-discretization-issue/1159/8).
when using nxsdk i would create probes like so:
board = nx.n2compiler().compile(net)
profile\_probe\_cond = performanceprobecondition(tstart=1, tend=run\_time, buffersize… | energy / time profiling on loihi | nengo.ai | 2020.29 | [
{
"text": "hello [@biphasic](/u/biphasic),\n\nhere is a code example that should work:\n\nimport nengo\n\nimport nengo\\_loihi\n\nfrom nxsdk.graph.monitor.probes import performanceprobecondition\n\nfrom nxsdk.api.n2a import probeparameter\n\nwith nengo.network() as net:\n\na = nengo.ensemble(10, 1)\n\np = nengo.probe(a)\n\nrun\\_time = 0.1\n\ndt …",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
efdda6318523a68e1bf4f5c7c1021592 | dear nengo’ers,
i am developing a lecture on the vestibular system and i was planning to follow the steps and model in chapter 6.5 of the nef book. i was presuming that i would find this example somewhere, but so far no cookie (a search for ‘vestibular’ returns nothing). i was wondering if you guys… | vestibular system from the nef (chap 6.5) | nengo.ai | 2021.04 | [
{
"text": "[image] mrio:\n\nquestions are slowly starting to pop up: is there any convenient/suggested way to decode for the cross product?\n\nthe book implementation\n\nthe text in the chapter explains how chris computes the cross product for this particular example. namely:\n\nin the multiplication example (av…",
"name": "",
"is_accepted": true
}
] |
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