question
stringlengths 2
1.01k
| answer
stringlengths 1
3.75k
| passage
listlengths 1
10
| data_type
stringclasses 17
values | cot
stringlengths 4
1.16k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
From where does the phrase humanist originate? | the 15th century | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Age of Enlightenment is a time in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the 18th century in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority. Enlightenment gained momentum more or less simultaneously in many parts of Europe and America. Developing during the Enlightenment era, Renaissance humanism as an intellectual movement spread across Europe. The basic training of the humanist was to speak well and write (typically, in the form of a letter). The term umanista comes from the latter part of the 15th century. The people were associated with the studia humanitatis, a novel curriculum that was competing with the quadrivium and scholastic logic.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Who controled the Tajikistan portion of Russian Trukestan? | the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Russia was interested in gaining access to a supply of cotton and in the 1870s attempted to switch cultivation in the region from grain to cotton (a strategy later copied and expanded by the Soviets).[citation needed] By 1885 Tajikistan's territory was either ruled by the Russian Empire or its vassal state, the Emirate of Bukhara, nevertheless Tajiks felt little Russian influence.[citation needed]",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Who's death was a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement? | Emmett Till | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The origin of Tom Robinson is less clear, although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models. When Lee was 10 years old, a white woman near Monroeville accused a black man named Walter Lett of raping her. The story and the trial were covered by her father's newspaper which reported that Lett was convicted and sentenced to death. After a series of letters appeared claiming Lett had been falsely accused, his sentence was commuted to life in prison. He died there of tuberculosis in 1937. Scholars believe that Robinson's difficulties reflect the notorious case of the Scottsboro Boys, in which nine black men were convicted of raping two white women on negligible evidence. However, in 2005, Lee stated that she had in mind something less sensational, although the Scottsboro case served \"the same purpose\" to display Southern prejudices. Emmett Till, a black teenager who was murdered for flirting with a white woman in Mississippi in 1955, and whose death is credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement, is also considered a model for Tom Robinson.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Following the collapse in the housing bubble, what happened to a number of commodity prices? | Rapid increases | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Rapid increases in a number of commodity prices followed the collapse in the housing bubble. The price of oil nearly tripled from $50 to $147 from early 2007 to 2008, before plunging as the financial crisis began to take hold in late 2008. Experts debate the causes, with some attributing it to speculative flow of money from housing and other investments into commodities, some to monetary policy, and some to the increasing feeling of raw materials scarcity in a fast-growing world, leading to long positions taken on those markets, such as Chinese increasing presence in Africa. An increase in oil prices tends to divert a larger share of consumer spending into gasoline, which creates downward pressure on economic growth in oil importing countries, as wealth flows to oil-producing states. A pattern of spiking instability in the price of oil over the decade leading up to the price high of 2008 has been recently identified. The destabilizing effects of this price variance has been proposed as a contributory factor in the financial crisis.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
The forebrain is everted in what type of fishes? | teleost fishes | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Although the same basic components are present in all vertebrate brains, some branches of vertebrate evolution have led to substantial distortions of brain geometry, especially in the forebrain area. The brain of a shark shows the basic components in a straightforward way, but in teleost fishes (the great majority of existing fish species), the forebrain has become \"everted\", like a sock turned inside out. In birds, there are also major changes in forebrain structure. These distortions can make it difficult to match brain components from one species with those of another species.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How many PGA championships has Southern Hills held? | four | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa. Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001. Rodeos are popular throughout the state, and Guymon, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
When was the soundtrack of Twilight Princess made available? | November 19, 2006 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Media requests at the trade show prompted Kondo to consider using orchestral music for the other tracks in the game as well, a notion reinforced by his preference for live instruments. He originally envisioned a full 50-person orchestra for action sequences and a string quartet for more \"lyrical moments\", though the final product used sequenced music instead. Kondo later cited the lack of interactivity that comes with orchestral music as one of the main reasons for the decision. Both six- and seven-track versions of the game's soundtrack were released on November 19, 2006, as part of a Nintendo Power promotion and bundled with replicas of the Master Sword and the Hylian Shield.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How did Mach describe thought experiments like the bucket argument? | problematic | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Mach suggested that thought experiments like the bucket argument are problematic. If we were to imagine a universe that only contains a bucket, on Newton's account, this bucket could be set to spin relative to absolute space, and the water it contained would form the characteristic concave surface. But in the absence of anything else in the universe, it would be difficult to confirm that the bucket was indeed spinning. It seems equally possible that the surface of the water in the bucket would remain flat.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Name three painters? | Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707) | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Yet the most impressive aesthetic works were done among the scholars and urban elite. Calligraphy and painting remained a central interest to both court painters and scholar-gentry who considered the Four Arts part of their cultural identity and social standing. The painting of the early years of the dynasty included such painters as the orthodox Four Wangs and the individualists Bada Shanren (1626–1705) and Shitao (1641–1707). The nineteenth century saw such innovations as the Shanghai School and the Lingnan School which used the technical skills of tradition to set the stage for modern painting.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
When did the abbreviation CDMX begin to take hold? | 2013 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "During Andrés López Obrador's administration a political slogan was introduced: la Ciudad de la Esperanza (\"The City of Hope\"). This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname, but has faded since the new motto Capital en Movimiento (\"Capital in Movement\") was adopted by the administration headed by Marcelo Ebrard, though the latter is not treated as often as a nickname in media. Since 2013, to refer to the City particularly in relation to government campaigns, the abbreviation CDMX has been used (from Ciudad de México).",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What expressions are utilized when is really implied to be a longer expression? | shorthand expressions | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The set G is called the underlying set of the group (G, •). Often the group's underlying set G is used as a short name for the group (G, •). Along the same lines, shorthand expressions such as \"a subset of the group G\" or \"an element of group G\" are used when what is actually meant is \"a subset of the underlying set G of the group (G, •)\" or \"an element of the underlying set G of the group (G, •)\". Usually, it is clear from the context whether a symbol like G refers to a group or to an underlying set.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Where did Tito visit from 1954 to 1955? | India | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Tito visited India from December 22, 1954 through January 8, 1955. After his return, he removed many restrictions on churches and spiritual institutions in Yugoslavia.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what? | pyramidal tract. | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coordinating movements of the arms and legs. At a higher level yet is the primary motor cortex, a strip of tissue located at the posterior edge of the frontal lobe. The primary motor cortex sends projections to the subcortical motor areas, but also sends a massive projection directly to the spinal cord, through the pyramidal tract. This direct corticospinal projection allows for precise voluntary control of the fine details of movements. Other motor-related brain areas exert secondary effects by projecting to the primary motor areas. Among the most important secondary areas are the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Who got rich from the Valencian orange crop and vineyards? | land-owners | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "During the second half of the 19th century the bourgeoisie encouraged the development of the city and its environs; land-owners were enriched by the introduction of the orange crop and the expansion of vineyards and other crops,. This economic boom corresponded with a revival of local traditions and of the Valencian language, which had been ruthlessly suppressed from the time of Philip V. Around 1870, the Valencian Renaissance, a movement committed to the revival of the Valencian language and traditions, began to gain ascendancy. In its early stages the movement inclined to the romanticism of the poet Teodor Llorente, and resisted the more assertive remonstrances of Constantine Llombart, founder of the still extant cultural society, Lo Rat Penat, which is dedicated to the promotion and dissemination of the Valencian language and culture.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What is the Latin form of Chopin's name? | Fridericus Franciscus | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon. The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryderyk Franciszek). However, the composer and his family used the birthdate 1 March,[n 2] which is now generally accepted as the correct date.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Where is CBC available for free? | over-the-air | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "On March 5, 2005, CBC Television launched a high definition simulcast of its Toronto (CBLT-DT) and Montreal (CBMT-DT) stations. Since that time, the network has also launched HD simulcasts in Vancouver (CBUT-DT), Ottawa (CBOT-DT), Edmonton (CBXT-DT), Calgary (CBRT-DT), Halifax (CBHT-DT), Windsor, (CBET-DT), Winnipeg (CBWT-DT) and St. John's (CBNT-DT). CBC HD is available nationally via satellite and on digital cable as well as for free over-the-air using a regular TV antenna and a digital tuner (included in most new television sets) on the following channels:",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How does Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport rank for number of passengers? | tenth-busiest | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the United States Department of Transportation named IAH the fastest-growing of the top ten airports in the United States. The Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center stands on the George Bush Intercontinental Airport grounds.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
When was the German empire created? | 1871 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How many ports does Oklahoma have? | Two | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the Port of Muskogee and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa. The only port handling international cargo in the state, the Tulsa Port of Catoosa is the most inland ocean-going port in the nation and ships over two million tons of cargo each year. Both ports are located on the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, which connects barge traffic from Tulsa and Muskogee to the Mississippi River via the Verdigris and Arkansas rivers, contributing to one of the busiest waterways in the world.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What is the common term that the Government of Ireland uses when documents are written jointly with the British? | "these islands | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee. Today, this name is seen by some as carrying imperialist overtones although it is still commonly used. Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles, Atlantic archipelago, British-Irish Isles, Britain and Ireland, UK and Ireland, and British Isles and Ireland. Owing to political and national associations with the word British, the Government of Ireland does not use the term British Isles and in documents drawn up jointly between the British and Irish governments, the archipelago is referred to simply as \"these islands\". Nonetheless, British Isles is still the most widely accepted term for the archipelago.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How long were the Mapuche able to fight off the Spaniards? | 350 years | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "According to the 2002 Census, 4.6% of the Chilean population, including the Rapanui (a Polynesian people) of Easter Island, was indigenous, although most show varying degrees of mixed heritage. Many are descendants of the Mapuche, and live in Santiago, Araucanía and the lake district. The Mapuche successfully fought off defeat in the first 300–350 years of Spanish rule during the Arauco War. Relations with the new Chilean Republic were good until the Chilean state decided to occupy their lands. During the Occupation of Araucanía the Mapuche surrendered to the country's army in the 1880s. Their land was opened to settlement by Chileans and Europeans. Conflict over Mapuche land rights continues to the present.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
An agreement was finally signed in Canberra on March 12, 2015, to do what for Norfolk Island? | replace self-government with a local council | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Financial problems and a reduction in tourism led to Norfolk Island's administration appealing to the Australian federal government for assistance in 2010. In return, the islanders were to pay income tax for the first time but would be eligible for greater welfare benefits. However, by May 2013 agreement had not been reached and islanders were having to leave to find work and welfare. An agreement was finally signed in Canberra on 12 March 2015 to replace self-government with a local council but against the wishes of the Norfolk Island government. A majority of Norfolk Islanders have objected to the Australian plan to make changes to Norfolk Island without first consulting them and allowing their say with 68% of voters against forced changes.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Can people in New Zealand vote for the 51st State Party? | the party remains unregistered and cannot appear on a ballot. | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 2010 there was an attempt to register a 51st State Party with the New Zealand Electoral Commission. The party advocates New Zealand becoming the 51st state of the United States of America. The party's secretary is Paulus Telfer, a former Christchurch mayoral candidate. On February 5, 2010, the party applied to register a logo with the Electoral Commission. The logo – a US flag with 51 stars – was rejected by the Electoral Commission on the grounds that it was likely to cause confusion or mislead electors. As of 2014[update], the party remains unregistered and cannot appear on a ballot.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What is the present day system being used by Houston for representation? | Houston City Council districts | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Houston was incorporated in 1837 under the ward system of representation. The ward designation is the progenitor of the eleven current-day geographically oriented Houston City Council districts. Locations in Houston are generally classified as either being inside or outside the Interstate 610 Loop. The inside encompasses the central business district and many residential neighborhoods that predate World War II. More recently, high-density residential areas have been developed within the loop. The city's outlying areas, suburbs and enclaves are located outside of the loop. Beltway 8 encircles the city another 5 miles (8.0 km) farther out.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What type of organism was named after Beyonce in 2012? | fly | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Her debut single, \"Crazy in Love\" was named VH1's \"Greatest Song of the 2000s\", NME's \"Best Track of the 00s\" and \"Pop Song of the Century\", considered by Rolling Stone to be one of the 500 greatest songs of all time, earned two Grammy Awards and is one of the best-selling singles of all time at around 8 million copies. The music video for \"Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)\", which achieved fame for its intricate choreography and its deployment of jazz hands, was credited by the Toronto Star as having started the \"first major dance craze of both the new millennium and the Internet\", triggering a number of parodies of the dance choreography and a legion of amateur imitators on YouTube. In 2013, Drake released a single titled \"Girls Love Beyoncé\", which featured an interpolation from Destiny Child's \"Say My Name\" and discussed his relationship with women. In January 2012, research scientist Bryan Lessard named Scaptia beyonceae, a species of horse fly found in Northern Queensland, Australia after Beyoncé due to the fly's unique golden hairs on its abdomen. In July 2014, a Beyoncé exhibit was introduced into the \"Legends of Rock\" section of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The black leotard from the \"Single Ladies\" video and her outfit from the Super Bowl half time performance are among several pieces housed at the museum.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What year did Oleg conquer the Drevlians? | 883 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself prince, and declared Kiev the \"mother of Rus' cities.\" Oleg set about consolidating his power over the surrounding region and the riverways north to Novgorod, imposing tribute on the East Slav tribes. In 883, he conquered the Drevlians, imposing a fur tribute on them. By 885 he had subjugated the Poliane, Severiane, Vyatichi, and Radimichs, forbidding them to pay further tribute to the Khazars. Oleg continued to develop and expand a network of Rus' forts in Slav lands, begun by Rurik in the north.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How many ethnic categories are there in the US census? | two | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are \"Hispanic or Latino\" and \"Not Hispanic or Latino\". However, the practice of separating \"race\" and \"ethnicity\" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Without what are organic plants meant to be grown ? | synthetic agricultural chemicals | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton from plants not genetically modified and that is certified to be grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers or pesticides. Its production also promotes and enhances biodiversity and biological cycles. In the United States, organic cotton plantations are required to enforce the National Organic Program (NOP). This institution determines the allowed practices for pest control, growing, fertilizing, and handling of organic crops. As of 2007, 265,517 bales of organic cotton were produced in 24 countries, and worldwide production was growing at a rate of more than 50% per year.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What was the population of Detroit in 2010? | 700,000 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Long a major population center and site of worldwide automobile manufacturing, Detroit has suffered a long economic decline produced by numerous factors. Like many industrial American cities, Detroit reached its population peak in the 1950 census. The peak population was 1.8 million people. Following suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and loss of jobs (as described above), by the 2010 census, the city had less than 40 percent of that number, with just over 700,000 residents. The city has declined in population in each census since 1950.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
During the Ottoman Empire, what types of schools were typical? | lower schools and specialised | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The word madrasah derives from the triconsonantal Semitic root د-ر-س D-R-S 'to learn, study', through the wazn (form/stem) مفعل(ة); mafʻal(ah), meaning \"a place where something is done\". Therefore, madrasah literally means \"a place where learning and studying take place\". The word is also present as a loanword with the same innocuous meaning in many Arabic-influenced languages, such as: Urdu, Bengali, Hindi, Persian, Turkish, Azeri, Kurdish, Indonesian, Malay and Bosnian / Croatian. In the Arabic language, the word مدرسة madrasah simply means the same as school does in the English language, whether that is private, public or parochial school, as well as for any primary or secondary school whether Muslim, non-Muslim, or secular. Unlike the use of the word school in British English, the word madrasah more closely resembles the term school in American English, in that it can refer to a university-level or post-graduate school as well as to a primary or secondary school. For example, in the Ottoman Empire during the Early Modern Period, madaris had lower schools and specialised schools where the students became known as danişmends. The usual Arabic word for a university, however, is جامعة (jāmiʻah). The Hebrew cognate midrasha also connotes the meaning of a place of learning; the related term midrash literally refers to study or learning, but has acquired mystical and religious connotations.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What is literary historical writing sometimes called? | creative nonfiction | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "A significant portion of historical writing ranks as literature, particularly the genre known as creative nonfiction, as can a great deal of journalism, such as literary journalism. However, these areas have become extremely large, and often have a primarily utilitarian purpose: to record data or convey immediate information. As a result, the writing in these fields often lacks a literary quality, although it often(and in its better moments)has that quality. Major \"literary\" historians include Herodotus, Thucydides and Procopius, all of whom count as canonical literary figures.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What does SASO stand for? | Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation (SASO) was developed to address the major concerns with the Kinsey Scale and Klein Sexual Orientation Grid and as such, measures sexual orientation on a continuum, considers various dimensions of sexual orientation, and considers homosexuality and heterosexuality separately. Rather than providing a final solution to the question of how to best measure sexual orientation, the SASO is meant to provoke discussion and debate about measurements of sexual orientation.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What percentage of the citys population is italian? | 8.3% | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "People of Irish descent form the largest single ethnic group in the city, making up 15.8% of the population, followed by Italians, accounting for 8.3% of the population. People of West Indian and Caribbean ancestry are another sizable group, at 6.0%, about half of whom are of Haitian ancestry. Over 27,000 Chinese Americans made their home in Boston city proper in 2013, and the city hosts a growing Chinatown accommodating heavily traveled Chinese-owned bus lines to and from Chinatown, Manhattan. Some neighborhoods, such as Dorchester, have received an influx of people of Vietnamese ancestry in recent decades. Neighborhoods such as Jamaica Plain and Roslindale have experienced a growing number of Dominican Americans. The city and greater area also has a growing immigrant population of South Asians, including the tenth-largest Indian community in the country.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Where did Stalin say he would allow the Soviet air force to operate for a limited amount of time? | Chinese airspace | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In order to enlist Stalin's support, Zhou and a Chinese delegation left for Moscow on 8 October, arriving there on 10 October at which point they flew to Stalin's home at the Black Sea. There they conferred with the top Soviet leadership which included Joseph Stalin as well as Vyacheslav Molotov, Lavrentiy Beria and Georgi Malenkov. Stalin initially agreed to send military equipment and ammunition, but warned Zhou that the Soviet Union's air force would need two or three months to prepare any operations. In a subsequent meeting, Stalin told Zhou that he would only provide China with equipment on a credit basis, and that the Soviet air force would only operate over Chinese airspace, and only after an undisclosed period of time. Stalin did not agree to send either military equipment or air support until March 1951. Mao did not find Soviet air support especially useful, as the fighting was going to take place on the south side of the Yalu. Soviet shipments of matériel, when they did arrive, were limited to small quantities of trucks, grenades, machine guns, and the like.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Who believes that time is a dimension of reality on a par with the three spatial dimensions | Eternalist | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "According to Presentism, time is an ordering of various realities. At a certain time some things exist and others do not. This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not. An Eternalist, on the other hand, holds that time is a dimension of reality on a par with the three spatial dimensions, and hence that all things—past, present, and future—can be said to be just as real as things in the present. According to this theory, then, Homer really does exist, though we must still use special language when talking about somebody who exists at a distant time—just as we would use special language when talking about something far away (the very words near, far, above, below, and such are directly comparable to phrases such as in the past, a minute ago, and so on).",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How many other teams have played all 22 seasons in the Premier League since its inception? | seven | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Everton hold the record for the most seasons in England's top tier (Division One/Premier League), at 111 seasons out of 114 as of 2014–15 (the club played in Division 2 in 1930–31 and from 1951–54). They are one of seven teams to have played all 22 seasons of the Premier League since its inception in August 1992 – the others being Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. Everton against Aston Villa is the most played fixture in England's top flight, as of the 2012–13 season the two founder members of the Football League have played a record 196 league games.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What level alert was instated for the quake? | Level II emergency | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The National Disaster Relief Commission initiated a \"Level II emergency contingency plan\", which covers the most serious class of natural disasters. The plan rose to Level I at 22:15 CST, May 12.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
On which river is the Three Gorges Dam built? | Yangtze River | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam ever constructed, is being built on the Yangtze River in nearby Hubei province to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream. The plan is hailed by some as China's efforts to shift towards alternative energy sources and to further develop its industrial and commercial bases, but others have criticised it for its potentially harmful effects, such as massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What was the warning signal called that warned the sender that there was impending overflow? | handshaking | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "When a Teletype 33 ASR equipped with the automatic paper tape reader received a Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off), it caused the tape reader to stop; receiving Control-Q (XON, \"transmit on\") caused the tape reader to resume. This technique became adopted by several early computer operating systems as a \"handshaking\" signal warning a sender to stop transmission because of impending overflow; it persists to this day in many systems as a manual output control technique. On some systems Control-S retains its meaning but Control-Q is replaced by a second Control-S to resume output. The 33 ASR also could be configured to employ Control-R (DC2) and Control-T (DC4) to start and stop the tape punch; on some units equipped with this function, the corresponding control character lettering on the keycap above the letter was TAPE and TAPE respectively.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating who? | non-Slavic peoples | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Throughout their history, Slavs came into contact with non-Slavic groups. In the postulated homeland region (present-day Ukraine), they had contacts with the Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths. After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating non-Slavic peoples. For example, in the Balkans, there were Paleo-Balkan peoples, such as Romanized and Hellenized (Jireček Line) Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, as well as Greeks and Celtic Scordisci. Over time, due to the larger number of Slavs, most descendants of the indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized. The Thracians and Illyrians vanished from the population during this period – although the modern Albanian nation claims descent from the Illyrians. Exceptions are Greece, where the lesser numbered Slavs scattered there came to be Hellenized (aided in time by more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the role of the church and administration) and Romania where Slavic people settled en route for present-day Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and East Thrace whereby the Slavic population had come to assimilate. Bulgars were also assimilated by local Slavs but their ruling status and subsequent land cast the nominal legacy of Bulgarian country and people onto all future generations. The Romance speakers within the fortified Dalmatian cities managed to retain their culture and language for a long time, as Dalmatian Romance was spoken until the high Middle Ages. However, they too were eventually assimilated into the body of Slavs.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What was the dominant form of written communication? | Literary Chinese | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In times past, until the 15th century, in Korea, Literary Chinese was the dominant form of written communication, prior to the creation of hangul, the Korean alphabet. Much of the vocabulary, especially in the realms of science and sociology, comes directly from Chinese, comparable to Latin or Greek root words in European languages. However, due to the lack of tones in Korean,[citation needed] as the words were imported from Chinese, many dissimilar characters took on identical sounds, and subsequently identical spelling in hangul.[citation needed] Chinese characters are sometimes used to this day for either clarification in a practical manner, or to give a distinguished appearance, as knowledge of Chinese characters is considered a high class attribute and an indispensable part of a classical education.[citation needed] It is also observed that the preference for Chinese characters is treated as being conservative and Confucian.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What was Charleston's population in 2010? | 120,083 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. With a 2010 census population of 120,083 (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put Charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in South Carolina. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How many administrative divisions does Samoa have? | eleven | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Independent State of Samoa ( Samoan: Malo Sa 'oloto Tuto 'atasi o Sāmoa, IPA: [ˌsaːˈmoa]), commonly known as Samoa (Samoan: Sāmoa) and formerly known as Western Samoa, is a Unitary Parliamentary Republic with eleven administrative divisions. The two main islands are Savai'i and Upolu with four smaller islands surrounding the landmasses. The capital city is Apia. The Lapita people discovered and settled the Samoan islands around 3,500 years ago. They developed a unique language and cultural identity.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What countries are testing this? | France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "There are more than 200 thermochemical cycles which can be used for water splitting, around a dozen of these cycles such as the iron oxide cycle, cerium(IV) oxide–cerium(III) oxide cycle, zinc zinc-oxide cycle, sulfur-iodine cycle, copper-chlorine cycle and hybrid sulfur cycle are under research and in testing phase to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity. A number of laboratories (including in France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA) are developing thermochemical methods to produce hydrogen from solar energy and water.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Who owns the Football Association Premier League? | member clubs | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL) is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 20 member clubs. Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts. The clubs elect a chairman, chief executive, and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league. The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 1999, and the chief executive is Richard Scudamore, appointed in November 1999. The former chairman and chief executive, John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance. The Football Association is not directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League, but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What territory did the post-punk bands pursue in their works? | wider conceptual | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "As the initial punk movement dwindled, vibrant new scenes began to coalesce out of a variety of bands pursuing experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory in their work. Many of these artists drew on backgrounds in art and viewed their music as invested in particular political or aesthetic agendas. British music publications such as the NME and Sounds developed an influential part in this nascent post-punk culture, with writers like Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman developing a dense (and often playful) style of criticism that drew on critical theory, radical politics and an eclectic variety of other sources.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What services were also increased by project lantern | increase in services – like shelter, counseling and career training – provided to trafficking survivors" | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The IJM used the grant money to found \"Project Lantern\" and established an office in the Philippines city of Cebu. In 2010 the results of the project were published, in which the IJM stated that Project Lantern had led to \"an increase in law enforcement activity in sex trafficking cases, an increase in commitment to resolving sex trafficking cases among law enforcement officers trained through the project, and an increase in services – like shelter, counseling and career training – provided to trafficking survivors\". At the time that the results were released, the IJM was exploring opportunities to replicate the model in other regions.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What year was the Silas N. Pearman Bridge built? | 1966 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge across the Cooper River opened on July 16, 2005, and was the second-longest cable-stayed bridge in the Americas at the time of its construction.[citation needed] The bridge links Mount Pleasant with downtown Charleston, and has eight lanes plus a 12-foot lane shared by pedestrians and bicycles. It replaced the Grace Memorial Bridge (built in 1929) and the Silas N. Pearman Bridge (built in 1966). They were considered two of the more dangerous bridges in America and were demolished after the Ravenel Bridge opened.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How many non-Hispanic whites lived in New York City in 2012? | 2.7 million | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined. The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 German Americans, 223,000 Russian Americans, 201,000 Polish Americans, and 137,000 English Americans. Additionally, Greek and French Americans numbered 65,000 each, with those of Hungarian descent estimated at 60,000 people. Ukrainian and Scottish Americans numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010. People of Norwegian and Swedish descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of Czech, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Scotch-Irish, and Welsh descent all numbered between 12,000–14,000 people. Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City, with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including over half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States, most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. Albanian Americans are most highly concentrated in the Bronx.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Which plays do not cause time to run off the clock during the final minutes of a half? | convert attempts | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The clock does not run during convert attempts in the last three minutes of a half. If the 15 minutes of a quarter expire while the ball is live, the quarter is extended until the ball becomes dead. If a quarter's time expires while the ball is dead, the quarter is extended for one more scrimmage. A quarter cannot end while a penalty is pending: after the penalty yardage is applied, the quarter is extended one scrimmage. Note that the non-penalized team has the option to decline any penalty it considers disadvantageous, so a losing team cannot indefinitely prolong a game by repeatedly committing infractions.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Between the forth and eighth century, what script evolved? | Gupta | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Brahmi evolved into a multiplicity of Brahmic scripts, many of which were used to write Sanskrit. Roughly contemporary with the Brahmi, Kharosthi was used in the northwest of the subcontinent. Sometime between the fourth and eighth centuries, the Gupta script, derived from Brahmi, became prevalent. Around the eighth century, the Śāradā script evolved out of the Gupta script. The latter was displaced in its turn by Devanagari in the 11th or 12th century, with intermediary stages such as the Siddhaṃ script. In East India, the Bengali alphabet, and, later, the Odia alphabet, were used.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
From what class were many parish priests? | the peasant class | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The clergy was divided into two types: the secular clergy, who lived out in the world, and the regular clergy, who lived under a religious rule and were usually monks. Throughout the period monks remained a very small proportion of the population, usually less than one per cent. Most of the regular clergy were drawn from the nobility, the same social class that served as the recruiting ground for the upper levels of the secular clergy. The local parish priests were often drawn from the peasant class. Townsmen were in a somewhat unusual position, as they did not fit into the traditional three-fold division of society into nobles, clergy, and peasants. During the 12th and 13th centuries, the ranks of the townsmen expanded greatly as existing towns grew and new population centres were founded. But throughout the Middle Ages the population of the towns probably never exceeded 10 per cent of the total population.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
In what historical period did Southampton expand greatly? | Victorian era | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era. The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835. In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid and the first dock opened in 1842. The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades. The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840. Southampton subsequently became known as The Gateway to the Empire.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How long had Richard Gephart served in house prior to being elected to minority leader? | 20 years | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Like the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position. When Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, became Minority Leader in the 108th Congress, she had served in the House nearly 20 years and had served as minority whip in the 107th Congress. When her predecessor, Richard Gephardt, D-MO, became minority leader in the 104th House, he had been in the House for almost 20 years, had served as chairman of the Democratic Caucus for four years, had been a 1988 presidential candidate, and had been majority leader from June 1989 until Republicans captured control of the House in the November 1994 elections. Gephardt's predecessor in the minority leadership position was Robert Michel, R-IL, who became GOP Leader in 1981 after spending 24 years in the House. Michel's predecessor, Republican John Rhodes of Arizona, was elected Minority Leader in 1973 after 20 years of House service.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What is Thuringia's traditional energy supply? | lignite | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Which of the two kinds of construction is weaker under strain? | surface-mount | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Often, through-hole and surface-mount construction must be combined in a single assembly because some required components are available only in surface-mount packages, while others are available only in through-hole packages. Another reason to use both methods is that through-hole mounting can provide needed strength for components likely to endure physical stress, while components that are expected to go untouched will take up less space using surface-mount techniques. For further comparison, see the SMT page.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what? | Messiah | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—\"Nazarene\"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in modern Hebrew as יְהוּדִים מָשִׁיחַיים (Yehudim Meshihi'im—\"Messianic Jews\").",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
When did the pope bid farewell? | 11 am | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "\"At 11 am Petrus Canisius Van Lierde as Papal Sacristan was at the bedside of the dying pope, ready to anoint him. The pope began to speak for the very last time: \"I had the great grace to be born into a Christian family, modest and poor, but with the fear of the Lord. My time on earth is drawing to a close. But Christ lives on and continues his work in the Church. Souls, souls, ut omnes unum sint.\"[c] Van Lierde then anointed his eyes, ears, mouth, hands and feet. Overcome by emotion, Van Lierde forgot the right order of anointing. John XXIII gently helped him before bidding those present a last farewell.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
When did Napoleon Bonaparte die? | 5 May 1821 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Napoléon Bonaparte (/nəˈpoʊliən, -ˈpoʊljən/; French: [napɔleɔ̃ bɔnapaʁt], born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. Often considered one of the greatest commanders in history, his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. He also remains one of the most celebrated and controversial political figures in Western history. In civil affairs, Napoleon had a major long-term impact by bringing liberal reforms to the territories that he conquered, especially the Low Countries, Switzerland, and large parts of modern Italy and Germany. He implemented fundamental liberal policies in France and throughout Western Europe.[note 1] His lasting legal achievement, the Napoleonic Code, has been adopted in various forms by a quarter of the world's legal systems, from Japan to Quebec.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
When was the first USAF dress uniform introduced? | 1947 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The first USAF dress uniform, in 1947, was dubbed and patented \"Uxbridge Blue\" after \"Uxbridge 1683 Blue\", developed at the former Bachman-Uxbridge Worsted Company. The current Service Dress Uniform, which was adopted in 1993 and standardized in 1995, consists of a three-button, pocketless coat, similar to that of a men's \"sport jacket\" (with silver \"U.S.\" pins on the lapels, with a silver ring surrounding on those of enlisted members), matching trousers, and either a service cap or flight cap, all in Shade 1620, \"Air Force Blue\" (a darker purplish-blue). This is worn with a light blue shirt (Shade 1550) and Shade 1620 herringbone patterned necktie. Enlisted members wear sleeve insignia on both the jacket and shirt, while officers wear metal rank insignia pinned onto the coat, and Air Force Blue slide-on epaulet loops on the shirt. USAF personnel assigned to Base Honor Guard duties wear, for certain occasions, a modified version of the standard service dress uniform, but with silver trim on the sleeves and trousers, with the addition of a ceremonial belt (if necessary), wheel cap with silver trim and Hap Arnold Device, and a silver aiguillette placed on the left shoulder seam and all devices and accoutrement.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Who was Ryan Seacrests co-host in the first season of American Idol? | Brian Dunkleman | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The first season of American Idol debuted as a summer replacement show in June 2002 on the Fox network. It was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What accolade did Twilight Princess receive after its release? | Game of the Year | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "At the time of its release, Twilight Princess was considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series by many critics, including writers for 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, IGN, and The Washington Post. It received several Game of the Year awards, and was the most critically acclaimed game of 2006. In 2011, the Wii version was rereleased under the Nintendo Selects label. A high-definition port for the Wii U, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, will be released in March 2016.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What idea did Binford take issue with? | that early hominids and early humans were hunters | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What decade did Dell switch to PSUs and boards that had differently wired connectors? | 1990s | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In the 1990s, Dell switched from using primarily ATX motherboards and PSU to using boards and power supplies with mechanically identical but differently wired connectors. This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell-compatible parts instead of commonly available parts. While motherboard power connections reverted to the industry standard in 2003, Dell continues to remain secretive about their motherboard pin-outs for peripherals (such as MMC readers and power on/off switches and LEDs).",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Who was affectionately known as "H-Rod"? | Henry Rodríguez | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The '98 season would begin on a somber note with the death of legendary broadcaster Harry Caray. After the retirement of Sandberg and the trade of Dunston, the Cubs had holes to fill and the signing of Henry Rodríguez, known affectionately as \"H-Rod\" to bat cleanup provided protection for Sammy Sosa in the lineup, as Rodriguez slugged 31 round-trippers in his first season in Chicago. Kevin Tapani led the club with a career high 19 wins, Rod Beck anchored a strong bullpen and Mark Grace turned in one of his best seasons. The Cubs were swamped by media attention in 1998, and the team's two biggest headliners were Sosa and rookie flamethrower Kerry Wood. Wood's signature performance was one-hitting the Houston Astros, a game in which he tied the major league record of 20 strikeouts in nine innings. His torrid strikeout numbers earned Wood the nickname \"Kid K,\" and ultimately earned him the 1998 NL Rookie of the Year award. Sosa caught fire in June, hitting a major league record 20 home runs in the month, and his home run race with Cardinals slugger Mark McGwire transformed the pair into international superstars in a matter of weeks. McGwire finished the season with a new major league record of 70 home runs, but Sosa's .308 average and 66 homers earned him the National League MVP Award. After a down-to-the-wire Wild Card chase with the San Francisco Giants, Chicago and San Francisco ended the regular season tied, and thus squared off in a one-game playoff at Wrigley Field in which third baseman Gary Gaetti hit the eventual game winning homer. The win propelled the Cubs into the postseason once again with a 90–73 regular season tally. Unfortunately, the bats went cold in October, as manager Jim Riggleman's club batted .183 and scored only four runs en route to being swept by Atlanta. On a positive note, the home run chase between Sosa, McGwire and Ken Griffey, Jr. helped professional baseball to bring in a new crop of fans as well as bringing back some fans who had been disillusioned by the 1994 strike. The Cubs retained many players who experienced career years in '98, and after a fast start in 1999, they collapsed again (starting with being swept at the hands of the cross-town White Sox in mid-June) and finished in the bottom of the division for the next two seasons.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How long is the hunting scene at the villa rustica? | 64m | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The mosaics of the Villa Romana del Casale near Piazza Armerina in Sicily are the largest collection of late Roman mosaics in situ in the world, and are protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The large villa rustica, which was probably owned by Emperor Maximian, was built largely in the early 4th century. The mosaics were covered and protected for 700 years by a landslide that occurred in the 12th Century. The most important pieces are the Circus Scene, the 64m long Great Hunting Scene, the Little Hunt, the Labours of Hercules and the famous Bikini Girls, showing women undertaking a range of sporting activities in garments that resemble 20th Century bikinis. The peristyle, the imperial apartments and the thermae were also decorated with ornamental and mythological mosaics. Other important examples of Roman mosaic art in Sicily were unearthed on the Piazza Vittoria in Palermo where two houses were discovered. The most important scenes there depicted Orpheus, Alexander the Great's Hunt and the Four Seasons.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What political arrangement is associated with being a dialect-speaking sub-group? | regional autonomy | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Modern Nationalism, as developed especially since the French Revolution, has made the distinction between \"language\" and \"dialect\" an issue of great political importance. A group speaking a separate \"language\" is often seen as having a greater claim to being a separate \"people\", and thus to be more deserving of its own independent state, while a group speaking a \"dialect\" tends to be seen not as \"a people\" in its own right, but as a sub-group, part of a bigger people, which must content itself with regional autonomy.[citation needed] The distinction between language and dialect is thus inevitably made at least as much on a political basis as on a linguistic one, and can lead to great political controversy, or even armed conflict.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
At what sports venue do the Southampton Stags play? | Wide Lane Sports Facility | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Southampton is also home to one of the most successful College American Football teams in the UK, the Southampton Stags, who play at the Wide Lane Sports Facility in Eastleigh.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What model is widely used in macrosociology? | hyperbolic model | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "On the other hand, changes through the Phanerozoic correlate much better with the hyperbolic model (widely used in population biology, demography and macrosociology, as well as fossil biodiversity) than with exponential and logistic models. The latter models imply that changes in diversity are guided by a first-order positive feedback (more ancestors, more descendants) and/or a negative feedback arising from resource limitation. Hyperbolic model implies a second-order positive feedback. The hyperbolic pattern of the world population growth arises from a second-order positive feedback between the population size and the rate of technological growth. The hyperbolic character of biodiversity growth can be similarly accounted for by a feedback between diversity and community structure complexity. The similarity between the curves of biodiversity and human population probably comes from the fact that both are derived from the interference of the hyperbolic trend with cyclical and stochastic dynamics.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
At the time of Napoleon's assignment, what military struggle was the Army of the West engaged in? | the War in the Vendée | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "By 1795, Bonaparte had become engaged to Désirée Clary, daughter of François Clary. Désirée's sister Julie Clary had married Bonaparte's elder brother Joseph. In April 1795, he was assigned to the Army of the West, which was engaged in the War in the Vendée—a civil war and royalist counter-revolution in Vendée, a region in west central France on the Atlantic Ocean. As an infantry command, it was a demotion from artillery general—for which the army already had a full quota—and he pleaded poor health to avoid the posting.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Of how many ships does the merchant marine fleet consist? | two | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Funafuti is the only port but there is a deep-water berth in the harbour at Nukufetau. The merchant marine fleet consists of two passenger/cargo ships Nivaga III and Manu Folau. These ships carry cargo and passengers between the main atolls and travel between Suva, Fiji and Funafuti 3 to 4 times a year. The Nivaga III and Manu Folau provide round trip visits to the outer islands every three or four weeks. The Manu Folau is a 50-metre vessel that was a gift from Japan to the people of Tuvalu. In 2015 the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) assisted the government of Tuvalu to acquire MV Talamoana, a 30-metre vessel that will be used to implement Tuvalu's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to transport government officials and project personnel to the outer islands. In 2015 the Nivaga III was donated by the government of Japan; it replaced the Nivaga II, which had serviced Tuvalu from 1989.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
How did world war two affect Burmese business and economy ? | British destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "During World War II, the British destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. Myanmar was bombed extensively by both sides. After independence, the country was in ruins with its major infrastructure completely destroyed. After a parliamentary government was formed in 1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land. The government also tried to implement a poorly considered Eight-Year plan. By the 1950s, rice exports had fallen by two thirds and mineral exports by over 96% (as compared to the pre-World War II period). Plans were partly financed by printing money, which led to inflation.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
In the field that Stuart was working, what did he and his colleagues often concentrate on? | matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "From the 1970s onward, Stuart Hall's pioneering work, along with that of his colleagues Paul Willis, Dick Hebdige, Tony Jefferson, and Angela McRobbie, created an international intellectual movement. As the field developed it began to combine political economy, communication, sociology, social theory, literary theory, media theory, film/video studies, cultural anthropology, philosophy, museum studies and art history to study cultural phenomena or cultural texts. In this field researchers often concentrate on how particular phenomena relate to matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender.[citation needed] Cultural studies has a concern with the meaning and practices of everyday life. These practices comprise the ways people do particular things (such as watching television, or eating out) in a given culture. This field studies the meanings and uses people attribute to various objects and practices. Specifically, culture involves those meanings and practices held independently of reason. Watching television in order to view a public perspective on a historical event should not be thought of as culture, unless referring to the medium of television itself, which may have been selected culturally; however, schoolchildren watching television after school with their friends in order to \"fit in\" certainly qualifies, since there is no grounded reason for one's participation in this practice. Recently, as capitalism has spread throughout the world (a process called globalization), cultural studies has begun[when?] to analyze local and global forms of resistance to Western hegemony.[citation needed] Globalization in this context can be defined as western civilization in other ways, it undermines the cultural integrity of other culture and it is therefore repressive, exploitative and harmful to most people in different places.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Castro's performance sent which singer's version to the top of a Billboard chart? | Jeff Buckley | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "David Archuleta's performance of John Lennon's \"Imagine\" was considered by many as one of the best of the season. Jennifer Lopez, who was brought in as a judge in season ten, called it a beautiful song-moment that she will never forget. Jason Castro's semi-final performance of \"Hallelujah\" also received considerable attention, and it propelled Jeff Buckley's version of the song to the top of the Billboard digital song chart. This was the first season in which contestants' recordings were released onto iTunes after their performances, and although sales information was not released so as not to prejudice the contest, leaked information indicated that contestants' songs frequently reached the top of iTunes sales charts.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What was the name of the band which Madonna and Dan Gilroy started? | Breakfast Club | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act. Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
When did Burke leave the Whig party? | 5 June 1791 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "At this point, Fox whispered that there was \"no loss of friendship\". \"I regret to say there is\", Burke replied, \"I have indeed made a great sacrifice; I have done my duty though I have lost my friend. There is something in the detested French constitution that envenoms every thing it touches\". This provoked a reply from Fox, yet he was unable to give his speech for some time since he was overcome with tears and emotion, he appealed to Burke to remember their inalienable friendship, but also repeated his criticisms of Burke and uttered \"unusually bitter sarcasms\". This only aggravated the rupture between the two men. Burke demonstrated his separation from the party on 5 June 1791 by writing to Fitzwilliam, declining money from him.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Which name is given to Mary because of her role as a protector of captives? | Our Lady of Ransom | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the \"King of Kings\" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke 1:32 and the Book of Isaiah 9:6, and Queen Mother from 1 Kings 2:19-20 and Jeremiah 13:18-19. Other titles have arisen from reported miracles, special appeals or occasions for calling on Mary, e.g., Our Lady of Good Counsel, Our Lady of Navigators or Our Lady of Ransom who protects captives.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Kanye's creative content company DONDA was named after who? | mother Donda West | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "On January 5, 2012, West announced his establishment of the creative content company DONDA, named after his late mother Donda West. In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would \"pick up where Steve Jobs left off\"; DONDA would operate as \"a design company which will galvanize amazing thinkers in a creative space to bounce their dreams and ideas\" with the \"goal to make products and experiences that people want and can afford.\" West is notoriously secretive about the company's operations, maintaining neither an official website nor a social media presence. In stating DONDA's creative philosophy, West articulated the need to \"put creatives in a room together with like minds\" in order to \"simplify and aesthetically improve everything we see, taste, touch, and feel.\". Contemporary critics have noted the consistent minimalistic aesthetic exhibited throughout DONDA creative projects.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
During the 1980s and 1990s, how many people were killed annually because of dog bites? | 17 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Citing a 2008 study, the U.S. Center for Disease Control estimated in 2015 that 4.5 million people in the USA are bitten by dogs each year. A 2015 study estimated that 1.8% of the U.S. population is bitten each year. In the 1980s and 1990s the US averaged 17 fatalities per year, while in the 2000s this has increased to 26. 77% of dog bites are from the pet of family or friends, and 50% of attacks occur on the property of the dog's legal owner.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What form of art had the most prestige in this era? | Metalwork | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton \"by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops\", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork continued to be the most prestigious form of art, with Limoges enamel a popular and relatively affordable option for objects such as reliquaries and crosses. In Italy the innovations of Cimabue and Duccio, followed by the Trecento master Giotto (d. 1337), greatly increased the sophistication and status of panel painting and fresco. Increasing prosperity during the 12th century resulted in greater production of secular art; many carved ivory objects such as gaming-pieces, combs, and small religious figures have survived.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What provides a bridge between the different dungeons? | overworld | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles. Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot. The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foot; on his horse, Epona; or by teleporting.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What other method does Gram-negative bacters use to release material? | the formation of outer membrane vesicles | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In addition to the use of the multiprotein complexes listed above, Gram-negative bacteria possess another method for release of material: the formation of outer membrane vesicles. Portions of the outer membrane pinch off, forming spherical structures made of a lipid bilayer enclosing periplasmic materials. Vesicles from a number of bacterial species have been found to contain virulence factors, some have immunomodulatory effects, and some can directly adhere to and intoxicate host cells. While release of vesicles has been demonstrated as a general response to stress conditions, the process of loading cargo proteins seems to be selective.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
When did the US declare independence? | 1776 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "During the 1760s and early 1770s, relations between the Thirteen Colonies and Britain became increasingly strained, primarily because of resentment of the British Parliament's attempts to govern and tax American colonists without their consent. This was summarised at the time by the slogan \"No taxation without representation\", a perceived violation of the guaranteed Rights of Englishmen. The American Revolution began with rejection of Parliamentary authority and moves towards self-government. In response Britain sent troops to reimpose direct rule, leading to the outbreak of war in 1775. The following year, in 1776, the United States declared independence. The entry of France to the war in 1778 tipped the military balance in the Americans' favour and after a decisive defeat at Yorktown in 1781, Britain began negotiating peace terms. American independence was acknowledged at the Peace of Paris in 1783.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
When a new edition of England's away kit has been introduced, the kit is sometimes worn during what type of matches? | home matches | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 96 but the deviation from the traditional red was unpopular with supporters and the England away kit remained red until 2011, when a navy blue away kit was introduced. The away kit is also sometimes worn during home matches, when a new edition has been released to promote it.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
When did Alexis Phifer and Kanye West get engaged? | August 2006 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "West began an on-and-off relationship with designer Alexis Phifer in 2002, and they became engaged in August 2006. The pair ended their 18-month engagement in 2008. West subsequently dated model Amber Rose from 2008 until the summer of 2010. West began dating reality star and longtime friend Kim Kardashian in April 2012. West and Kardashian became engaged in October 2013, and married on May 24, 2014 at Fort di Belvedere in Florence, Italy. Their private ceremony was subject to widespread mainstream coverage, with West taking issue with the couple's portrayal in the media. They have two children: daughter North \"Nori\" West (born June 15, 2013) and son Saint West (born December 5, 2015). In April 2015, West and Kardashian traveled to Jerusalem to have North baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James. The couple's high status and respective careers have resulted in their relationship becoming subject to heavy media coverage; The New York Times referred to their marriage as \"a historic blizzard of celebrity.\"",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Who gave Chopin instruction on how to play the organ? | Wilhelm Würfel | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "From September 1823 to 1826 Chopin attended the Warsaw Lyceum, where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel during his first year. In the autumn of 1826 he began a three-year course under the Silesian composer Józef Elsner at the Warsaw Conservatory, studying music theory, figured bass and composition.[n 3] Throughout this period he continued to compose and to give recitals in concerts and salons in Warsaw. He was engaged by the inventors of a mechanical organ, the \"eolomelodicon\", and on this instrument in May 1825 he performed his own improvisation and part of a concerto by Moscheles. The success of this concert led to an invitation to give a similar recital on the instrument before Tsar Alexander I, who was visiting Warsaw; the Tsar presented him with a diamond ring. At a subsequent eolomelodicon concert on 10 June 1825, Chopin performed his Rondo Op. 1. This was the first of his works to be commercially published and earned him his first mention in the foreign press, when the Leipzig Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung praised his \"wealth of musical ideas\".",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What companies have developed iPod interfacing for their stereo systems? | JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Some independent stereo manufacturers including JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon also have iPod-specific integration solutions. Alternative connection methods include adapter kits (that use the cassette deck or the CD changer port), audio input jacks, and FM transmitters such as the iTrip—although personal FM transmitters are illegal in some countries. Many car manufacturers have added audio input jacks as standard.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Where in the National Archives can you view a copy of the Magna Carta? | main chamber | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The National Archives Building, known informally as Archives I, located north of the National Mall on Constitution Avenue in Washington, D.C., opened as its original headquarters in 1935. It holds the original copies of the three main formative documents of the United States and its government: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. It also hosts a copy of the 1297 Magna Carta confirmed by Edward I. These are displayed to the public in the main chamber of the National Archives, which is called the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom. The National Archives Building also exhibits other important American historical documents such as the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, the Emancipation Proclamation, and collections of photography and other historically and culturally significant American artifacts.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What was the name given to the 24 story tall, 400-room Claridge? | Skyscraper By The Sea | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. Their original wood-frame structures would be enlarged, and even moved closer to the beach, over the years. The modern Chalfonte Hotel, eight stories tall, opened in 1904. The modern Haddon Hall was built in stages and was completed in 1929, at eleven stories. By this time, they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, becoming the city's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms. By 1930, the Claridge, the city's last large hotel before the casinos, opened its doors. The 400-room Claridge was built by a partnership that included renowned Philadelphia contractor John McShain. At 24 stories, it would become known as the \"Skyscraper By The Sea.\" The city became known as the \"The World's Playground.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What are the names of Atticus Finch's children in the book? | Jem and Scout | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Atticus does not want Jem and Scout to be present at Tom Robinson's trial. No seat is available on the main floor, so by invitation of Rev. Sykes, Jem, Scout, and Dill watch from the colored balcony. Atticus establishes that the accusers—Mayella and her father, Bob Ewell, the town drunk—are lying. It also becomes clear that the friendless Mayella made sexual advances toward Tom, and that her father caught her and beat her. Despite significant evidence of Tom's innocence, the jury convicts him. Jem's faith in justice becomes badly shaken, as is Atticus', when the hapless Tom is shot and killed while trying to escape from prison.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Who purchased the tramway in 1871 | In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Somerset Coal Canal was built in the early 19th century to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce. The first 16 kilometres (10 mi), running from a junction with the Kennet and Avon Canal, along the Cam valley, to a terminal basin at Paulton, were in use by 1805, together with several tramways. A planned 11.7 km (7.3 mi) branch to Midford was never built, but in 1815 a tramway was laid along its towing path. In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What groups carry out most early drug discoveries? | research institutions | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Drug discovery is the process by which potential drugs are discovered or designed. In the past most drugs have been discovered either by isolating the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Modern biotechnology often focuses on understanding the metabolic pathways related to a disease state or pathogen, and manipulating these pathways using molecular biology or biochemistry. A great deal of early-stage drug discovery has traditionally been carried out by universities and research institutions.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What is the nickname of the Times Square Theater District? | The Great White Way | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as \"The Great White Way\". According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from US$1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season. Attendance in 2013–2014 stood at 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012–2013 season's 11.57 million.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
In 2008 what disease did Queen perform benefit concerts for? | HIV/AIDS | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "On 15 August 2006, Brian May confirmed through his website and fan club that Queen + Paul Rodgers would begin producing their first studio album beginning in October, to be recorded at a \"secret location\". Queen + Paul Rodgers performed at the Nelson Mandela 90th Birthday Tribute held in Hyde Park, London on 27 June 2008, to commemorate Mandela's ninetieth birthday, and again promote awareness of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The first Queen + Paul Rodgers album, titled The Cosmos Rocks, was released in Europe on 12 September 2008 and in the United States on 28 October 2008. Following the release of the album, the band again went on a tour through Europe, opening on Kharkiv's Freedom Square in front of 350,000 Ukrainian fans. The Kharkiv concert was later released on DVD. The tour then moved to Russia, and the band performed two sold-out shows at the Moscow Arena. Having completed the first leg of its extensive European tour, which saw the band play 15 sold-out dates across nine countries, the UK leg of the tour sold out within 90 minutes of going on sale and included three London dates, the first of which was The O2 on 13 October. The last leg of the tour took place in South America, and included a sold-out concert at the Estadio José Amalfitani, Buenos Aires.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Who was in control during the national awakening? | the Russian Empire | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "After centuries of Danish, Swedish and German rule the native Estonians started to yearn for independence during the period of national awakening while being governed by the Russian Empire. Established on 24 February 1918, the Republic of Estonia came into existence towards the end of World War I. During World War II, Estonia was then occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, then Nazi Germany a year later and again in 1944 establishing the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1988, during the Singing Revolution, the Estonian SSR issued the Estonian Sovereignty Declaration to defy against the illegal Soviet rule. Estonia then restored its independence during the 1991 coup by the Soviets on the night of 20 August 1991.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
At what age did Carl Laemmle, Jr. become president of Universal? | 21 | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism—at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as \"Uncle Carl.\" Ogden Nash famously quipped in rhyme, \"Uncle Carl Laemmle/Has a very large faemmle.\" Among these relatives was future Academy Award winning director/producer William Wyler.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Where had the Japanese advanced to? | Kohima in Nagaland | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Japanese responded to the Allied attacks by launching an offensive of their own into India in the middle of March, across the mountainous and densely forested frontier. This attack, codenamed Operation U-Go, was advocated by Lieutenant General Renya Mutaguchi, the recently promoted commander of the Japanese Fifteenth Army; Imperial General Headquarters permitted it to proceed, despite misgivings at several intervening headquarters. Although several units of the British Fourteenth Army had to fight their way out of encirclement, by early April they had concentrated around Imphal in Manipur state. A Japanese division which had advanced to Kohima in Nagaland cut the main road to Imphal, but failed to capture the whole of the defences at Kohima. During April, the Japanese attacks against Imphal failed, while fresh Allied formations drove the Japanese from the positions they had captured at Kohima.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What LEDs have a very steep I/V curve? | Nitride-based LEDs | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve and are useless for this purpose. Although LED forward voltage is far more current-dependent than a Zener diode, Zener diodes with breakdown voltages below 3 V are not widely available.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
What Microsoft executive announced the launch of version 2.0 of Mediaroom? | Steve Ballmer | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "At the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Consumer Electronics Shows, Microsoft had announced that IPTV services would soon be made available to use through the Xbox 360. In 2007, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates stated that IPTV on Xbox 360 was expected to be available to consumers by the holiday season, using the Microsoft TV IPTV Edition platform. In 2008, Gates and president of Entertainment & Devices Robbie Bach announced a partnership with BT in the United Kingdom, in which the BT Vision advanced TV service, using the newer Microsoft Mediaroom IPTV platform, would be accessible via Xbox 360, planned for the middle of the year. BT Vision's DVR-based features would not be available on Xbox 360 due to limited hard drive capacity. In 2010, while announcing version 2.0 of Microsoft Mediaroom, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer mentioned that AT&T's U-verse IPTV service would enable Xbox 360s to be used as set-top boxes later in the year. As of January 2010, IPTV on Xbox 360 has yet to be deployed beyond limited trials.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
In 1916, what was the name of the Synagogue that was establish? | Beth Israel Congregation | [
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Since the university's establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. The town became a regional transportation hub in 1839 with the arrival of the Michigan Central Railroad, and a north—south railway connecting Ann Arbor to Toledo and other markets to the south was established in 1878. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor. While the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new immigrants coming from Greece, Italy, Russia, and Poland. Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbor's Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, and its first and oldest synagogue, Beth Israel Congregation, was established in 1916.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
]
| squad_v2 | none |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.