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|---|---|---|---|---|
To what was the claim of land in tribute?
|
Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, was summoned to the Argentine government as protest against the claim. Argentine–UK relations had previously been damaged throughout 2012 due to disputes over the sovereignty of the nearby Falkland Islands, and the 30th anniversary of the Falklands War.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What Islamic dynasty followed the Umayyad?
|
Abbasid
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid dynasty. The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad and were more concerned with the Middle East than Europe, losing control of sections of the Muslim lands. Umayyad descendants took over the Iberian Peninsula, the Aghlabids controlled North Africa, and the Tulunids became rulers of Egypt. By the middle of the 8th century, new trading patterns were emerging in the Mediterranean; trade between the Franks and the Arabs replaced the old Roman patterns of trade. Franks traded timber, furs, swords and slaves in return for silks and other fabrics, spices, and precious metals from the Arabs.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Mamelon is found on a hill in front of what suburban commune?
|
Malakoff
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Allies had had time to consider the problem. The French being brought around to agree that the key to the defence was the Malakoff.:441 Emphasis of the siege at Sevastopol shifted to the British left, against the fortifications on Malakoff hill.:339 In March, there was fighting by the French over a new fort being built by the Russians at Mamelon, located on a hill in front of the Malakoff. Several weeks of fighting saw little change in the front line, and the Mamelon remained in Russian hands.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
When did the canton of Jura seceed?
|
1979
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories. It regained control of the Bernese Oberland in 1802, and following the Congress of Vienna of 1814, it newly acquired the Bernese Jura. At this time, it once again became the largest canton of the confederacy as it stood during the Restoration and until the secession of the canton of Jura in 1979. Bern was made the Federal City (seat of the Federal Assembly) within the new Swiss federal state in 1848.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What did Kant say was similar notion to time?
|
space
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience. Kant denies that either space or time are substance, entities in themselves, or learned by experience; he holds, rather, that both are elements of a systematic framework we use to structure our experience. Spatial measurements are used to quantify how far apart objects are, and temporal measurements are used to quantitatively compare the interval between (or duration of) events. Although space and time are held to be transcendentally ideal in this sense, they are also empirically real—that is, not mere illusions.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When did increasing numbers of Americans consider anyone with even a drop of "Black blood" to be Black?
|
During Reconstruction
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Since the early history of the United States, Amerindians, African–Americans, and European Americans have been classified as belonging to different races. Efforts to track mixing between groups led to a proliferation of categories, such as mulatto and octoroon. The criteria for membership in these races diverged in the late 19th century. During Reconstruction, increasing numbers of Americans began to consider anyone with \"one drop\" of known \"Black blood\" to be Black, regardless of appearance.3 By the early 20th century, this notion was made statutory in many states.4 Amerindians continue to be defined by a certain percentage of \"Indian blood\" (called blood quantum). To be White one had to have perceived \"pure\" White ancestry. The one-drop rule or hypodescent rule refers to the convention of defining a person as racially black if he or she has any known African ancestry. This rule meant that those that were mixed race but with some discernible African ancestry were defined as black. The one-drop rule is specific to not only those with African ancestry but to the United States, making it a particularly African-American experience.",
"start_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What virulence factors do some bacterial species have?
|
some have immunomodulatory effects, and some can directly adhere to and intoxicate host cells
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In addition to the use of the multiprotein complexes listed above, Gram-negative bacteria possess another method for release of material: the formation of outer membrane vesicles. Portions of the outer membrane pinch off, forming spherical structures made of a lipid bilayer enclosing periplasmic materials. Vesicles from a number of bacterial species have been found to contain virulence factors, some have immunomodulatory effects, and some can directly adhere to and intoxicate host cells. While release of vesicles has been demonstrated as a general response to stress conditions, the process of loading cargo proteins seems to be selective.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is another name for lead glass?
|
flint glass
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Most common glass contains other ingredients to change its properties. Lead glass or flint glass is more 'brilliant' because the increased refractive index causes noticeably more specular reflection and increased optical dispersion. Adding barium also increases the refractive index. Thorium oxide gives glass a high refractive index and low dispersion and was formerly used in producing high-quality lenses, but due to its radioactivity has been replaced by lanthanum oxide in modern eyeglasses.[citation needed] Iron can be incorporated into glass to absorb infrared energy, for example in heat absorbing filters for movie projectors, while cerium(IV) oxide can be used for glass that absorbs UV wavelengths.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Modern browser support standards-based and defacto what?
|
HTML and XHTML
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Early web browsers supported only a very simple version of HTML. The rapid development of proprietary web browsers led to the development of non-standard dialects of HTML, leading to problems with interoperability. Modern web browsers support a combination of standards-based and de facto HTML and XHTML, which should be rendered in the same way by all browsers.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
The Ming Dynasty granted what titles to lamas of schools?
|
the Karmapa Kargyu
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the Karmapa Kargyu, but the latter had previously declined Mongol invitations to receive titles. When the Ming Yongle Emperor invited Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), founder of the Gelug school, to come to the Ming court and pay tribute, the latter declined. Wang and Nyima write that this was due to old age and physical weakness, and also because of efforts being made to build three major monasteries. Chen Qingying states that Tsongkhapa wrote a letter to decline the Emperor's invitation, and in this reply, Tsongkhapa wrote:",
"start_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the store called in Southfield?
|
Northland Center
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "After World War II Hudson's realized that the limited parking space at its downtown skyscraper would increasingly be a problem for its customers. The solution in 1954 was to open the Northland Center in nearby Southfield, just beyond the city limits. It was the largest suburban shopping center in the world, and quickly became the main shopping destination for northern and western Detroit, and for much of the suburbs. By 1961 the downtown skyscraper accounted for only half of Hudson's sales; it closed in 1986. The Northland Center Hudson's, rebranded Macy's in 2006 following acquisition by Federated Department Stores, was closed along with the remaining stores in the center in March 2015 due to the mall's high storefront vacancy, decaying infrastructure, and financial mismanagement.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who did not have faith in MacArthur's claim that victory was the only respectable outcome?
|
Truman
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "On 11 April 1951, Commander-in-Chief Truman relieved the controversial General MacArthur, the Supreme Commander in Korea. There were several reasons for the dismissal. MacArthur had crossed the 38th parallel in the mistaken belief that the Chinese would not enter the war, leading to major allied losses. He believed that whether or not to use nuclear weapons should be his own decision, not the President's. MacArthur threatened to destroy China unless it surrendered. While MacArthur felt total victory was the only honorable outcome, Truman was more pessimistic about his chances once involved in a land war in Asia, and felt a truce and orderly withdrawal from Korea could be a valid solution. MacArthur was the subject of congressional hearings in May and June 1951, which determined that he had defied the orders of the President and thus had violated the U.S. Constitution. A popular criticism of MacArthur was that he never spent a night in Korea, and directed the war from the safety of Tokyo.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How many Tibetan exiles are said to be in India?
|
150,000
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "India rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community, by which they required a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route. In response Indian officials said India was a democracy, and \"a wholesale ban on protests was out of the question\". Contradicting some other reports, Indian officials also refused permission to the \"Olympic Holy Flame Protection Unit\". The combined effect is a \"rapid deterioration\" of relations between India and China. Meanwhile, the Tibetan government in exile, which is based in India, has stated that it did not support the disruption of the Olympic torch relay.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
A 35 row theater at the edge of Bactria was found in what region?
|
Ai-Khanoum
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The identification of local gods with similar Greek deities, a practice termed 'Interpretatio graeca', facilitated the building of Greek-style temples, and the Greek culture in the cities also meant that buildings such as gymnasia and theaters became common. Many cities maintained nominal autonomy while under the rule of the local king or satrap, and often had Greek-style institutions. Greek dedications, statues, architecture and inscriptions have all been found. However, local cultures were not replaced, and mostly went on as before, but now with a new Greco-Macedonian or otherwise Hellenized elite. An example that shows the spread of Greek theater is Plutarch's story of the death of Crassus, in which his head was taken to the Parthian court and used as a prop in a performance of The Bacchae. Theaters have also been found: for example, in Ai-Khanoum on the edge of Bactria, the theater has 35 rows – larger than the theater in Babylon.",
"start_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
From what name is Portugal derived?
|
Portus Cale
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe. The name of Portugal derives from the joined Romano-Celtic name Portus Cale. The region was settled by Pre-Celts and Celts, giving origin to peoples like the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes, visited by Phoenicians and Carthaginians, incorporated in the Roman Republic dominions as Lusitania and part of Gallaecia, after 45 BC until 298 AD, settled again by Suebi, Buri, and Visigoths, and conquered by Moors. Other influences include some 5th-century vestiges of Alan settlement, which were found in Alenquer (old Germanic Alankerk, from Alan+kerk; meaning church of the Alan (people), Coimbra and Lisbon.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How many days did the plane travel with the Torch team?
|
130
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Internationally, the torch and its accompanying party traveled in a chartered Air China Airbus A330 (registered B-6075), painted in the red and yellow colors of the Olympic Games. Air China was chosen by the Beijing Committees of the Olympic Game as the designated Olympic torch carrier in March 2008 for its long-standing participation in the Olympic cause. The plane traveled a total of 137,000 km (85,000 mi) for a duration of 130 days through 21 countries and regions.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When did the Andronovo culture exist?
|
2000 BC
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What film's theme song uses a mandolin?
|
Days of Thunder
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Some rock musicians today use mandolins, often single-stringed electric models rather than double-stringed acoustic mandolins. One example is Tim Brennan of the Irish-American punk rock band Dropkick Murphys. In addition to electric guitar, bass, and drums, the band uses several instruments associated with traditional Celtic music, including mandolin, tin whistle, and Great Highland bagpipes. The band explains that these instruments accentuate the growling sound they favor. The 1991 R.E.M. hit \"Losing My Religion\" was driven by a few simple mandolin licks played by guitarist Peter Buck, who also played the mandolin in nearly a dozen other songs. The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (#1 on the rock and alternative charts), Luther Dickinson of North Mississippi Allstars and The Black Crowes has made frequent use of the mandolin, most notably on the Black Crowes song \"Locust Street.\" Armenian American rock group System of A Down makes extensive use of the mandolin on their 2005 double album Mezmerize/Hypnotize. Pop punk band Green Day has used a mandolin in several occasions, especially on their 2000 album, Warning. Boyd Tinsley, violin player of the Dave Matthews Band has been using an electric mandolin since 2005. Frontman Colin Meloy and guitarist Chris Funk of The Decemberists regularly employ the mandolin in the band's music. Nancy Wilson, rhythm guitarist of Heart, uses a mandolin in Heart's song \"Dream of the Archer\" from the album Little Queen, as well as in Heart's cover of Led Zeppelin's song \"The Battle of Evermore.\" \"Show Me Heaven\" by Maria McKee, the theme song to the film Days of Thunder, prominently features a mandolin.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages?
|
new trading routes
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In what year did Gateway Community College open its newly consolidated downtown campus?
|
2012
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "New Haven is a notable center for higher education. Yale University, at the heart of downtown, is one of the city's best known features and its largest employer. New Haven is also home to Southern Connecticut State University, part of the Connecticut State University System, and Albertus Magnus College, a private institution. Gateway Community College has a campus in downtown New Haven, formerly located in the Long Wharf district; Gateway consolidated into one campus downtown into a new state-of-the-art campus (on the site of the old Macy's building) and was open for the Fall 2012 semester.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What restriction does W-VHS recordings have?
|
analog only
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
For what reason is Plymouth Sound a Site of Special Scientific Interest?
|
its geology
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Geologically, Plymouth has a mixture of limestone, Devonian slate, granite and Middle Devonian limestone. Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of its geology. The bulk of the city is built upon Upper Devonian slates and shales and the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound are formed of Lower Devonian slates, which can withstand the power of the sea.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who was responsible for the attack on Israeli athletes in 1972?
|
Black September Organization
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "His relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, As-Sa'iqa, the Palestinian Popular Struggle Front, and the Abu Nidal Organization. He funded the Black September Organization who perpetrated the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli athletes in West Germany, and had the killed militants' bodies flown to Libya for a hero's funeral. Gaddafi also welcomed the three surviving attackers in Tripoli following their release in exchange for the hostages of hijacked Lufthansa Flight 615 a few weeks later and allowed them to go into hiding.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How many municipalities?
|
315
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Galicia is further divided into 53 comarcas, 315 municipalities (93 in A Coruña, 67 in Lugo, 92 in Ourense, 62 in Pontevedra) and 3,778 parishes. Municipalities are divided into parishes, which may be further divided into aldeas (\"hamlets\") or lugares (\"places\"). This traditional breakdown into such small areas is unusual when compared to the rest of Spain. Roughly half of the named population entities of Spain are in Galicia, which occupies only 5.8 percent of the country's area. It is estimated that Galicia has over a million named places, over 40,000 of them being communities.",
"start_char": 0,
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squad_v2
|
none
|
Which type of history encompassed botany, zoology, meteorolgy, hydrology, and mineralogy?
|
natural history
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "A genre that greatly rose in importance was that of scientific literature. Natural history in particular became increasingly popular among the upper classes. Works of natural history include René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur's Histoire naturelle des insectes and Jacques Gautier d'Agoty's La Myologie complète, ou description de tous les muscles du corps humain (1746). Outside ancien régime France, natural history was an important part of medicine and industry, encompassing the fields of botany, zoology, meteorology, hydrology and mineralogy. Students in Enlightenment universities and academies were taught these subjects to prepare them for careers as diverse as medicine and theology. As shown by M D Eddy, natural history in this context was a very middle class pursuit and operated as a fertile trading zone for the interdisciplinary exchange of diverse scientific ideas.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
After the war what did Holmes become?
|
King's Messenger
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out. Both aircraft crashed. In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty. It had already been damaged, two of its crew had been killed and the remainder bailed out. Its pilot, Feldwebel Robert Zehbe, landed, only to die later of wounds suffered during the attack. During the Dornier's descent, it somehow unloaded its bombs, one of which hit the Palace. It then crashed into the forecourt of London Victoria station. The bomber's engine was later exhibited at the Imperial War Museum in London. The British pilot became a King's Messenger after the war, and died at the age of 90 in 2005.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What did the letter want the two recipients to focus on?
|
women
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 2015 Beyoncé signed an open letter which the ONE Campaign had been collecting signatures for; the letter was addressed to Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, urging them to focus on women as they serve as the head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa respectively, which will start to set the priorities in development funding before a main UN summit in September 2015 that will establish new development goals for the generation.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What percent of Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?
|
92.6%
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990. 238,732 Oklahoma residents reported speaking a language other than English in the 2000 census, about 7.4% of the total population of the state. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000. The next most commonly spoken language is Cherokee, with about 22,000 speakers living within the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma. Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
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}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What place on the Billboard chart did Kanye's album debut at?
|
2
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The College Dropout was eventually issued by Roc-A-Fella in February 2004, shooting to number two on the Billboard 200 as his debut single, \"Through the Wire\" peaked at number fifteen on the Billboard Hot 100 chart for five weeks. \"Slow Jamz\", his second single featuring Twista and Jamie Foxx, became an even bigger success: it became the three musicians' first number one hit. The College Dropout received near-universal critical acclaim from contemporary music critics, was voted the top album of the year by two major music publications, and has consistently been ranked among the great hip-hop works and debut albums by artists. \"Jesus Walks\", the album's fourth single, perhaps exposed West to a wider audience; the song's subject matter concerns faith and Christianity. The song nevertheless reached the top 20 of the Billboard pop charts, despite industry executives' predictions that a song containing such blatant declarations of faith would never make it to radio. The College Dropout would eventually be certified triple platinum in the US, and garnered West 10 Grammy nominations, including Album of the Year, and Best Rap Album (which it received). During this period, West also founded GOOD Music, a record label and management company that would go on to house affiliate artists and producers, such as No I.D. and John Legend. At the time, the focal point of West's production style was the use of sped-up vocal samples from soul records. However, partly because of the acclaim of The College Dropout, such sampling had been much copied by others; with that overuse, and also because West felt he had become too dependent on the technique, he decided to find a new sound.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who signed the Convention of Tientsin?
|
Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 1884, pro-Japanese Koreans in Seoul led the Gapsin Coup. Tensions between China and Japan rose after China intervened to suppress the uprising. Japanese Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang signed the Convention of Tientsin, an agreement to withdraw troops simultaneously, but the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895 was a military humiliation. The Treaty of Shimonoseki recognized Korean independence and ceded Taiwan and the Pescadores to Japan. The terms might have been harsher, but when Japanese citizen attacked and wounded Li Hongzhang, an international outcry shamed the Japanese into revising them. The original agreement stipulated the cession of Liaodong Peninsula to Japan, but Russia, with its own designs on the territory, along with Germany and France, in what was known as the Triple Intervention, successfully put pressure on the Japanese to abandon the peninsula.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Max Weinreich is a linguist of what language?
|
Yiddish
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Yiddish linguist Max Weinreich published the expression, A shprakh iz a dialekt mit an armey un flot (\"אַ שפּראַך איז אַ דיאַלעקט מיט אַן אַרמײ און פֿלאָט\": \"A language is a dialect with an army and navy\") in YIVO Bleter 25.1, 1945, p. 13. The significance of the political factors in any attempt at answering the question \"what is a language?\" is great enough to cast doubt on whether any strictly linguistic definition, without a socio-cultural approach, is possible. This is illustrated by the frequency with which the army-navy aphorism is cited.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
The Abbasid army replaced Iranian and Arabic men with Turkic tribesmen as what element in their army?
|
mamluks (slave-warriors)
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, large portions of Iran came briefly under the rule of the Ghaznavids, whose rulers were of mamluk Turk origin, and longer subsequently under the Turkish Seljuk and Khwarezmian empires. These Turks had been Persianized and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership. The Seljuks subsequently gave rise to the Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia, while taking their thoroughly Persianized identity with them. The result of the adoption and patronage of Persian culture by Turkish rulers was the development of a distinct Turko-Persian tradition.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What type of forests can be hurt by invasive worms?
|
Northern hardwood forests
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Terrestrial annelids can be invasive in some situations. In the glaciated areas of North America, for example, almost all native earthworms are thought to have been killed by the glaciers and the worms currently found in those areas are all introduced from other areas, primarily from Europe, and, more recently, from Asia. Northern hardwood forests are especially negatively impacted by invasive worms through the loss of leaf duff, soil fertility, changes in soil chemistry and the loss of ecological diversity. Especially of concern is Amynthas agrestis and at least one state (Wisconsin) has listed it as a prohibited species.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the dress rehearsal for?
|
Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Emmett Till's death sparked which political movement in the '50s?
|
Civil Rights Movement
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The origin of Tom Robinson is less clear, although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models. When Lee was 10 years old, a white woman near Monroeville accused a black man named Walter Lett of raping her. The story and the trial were covered by her father's newspaper which reported that Lett was convicted and sentenced to death. After a series of letters appeared claiming Lett had been falsely accused, his sentence was commuted to life in prison. He died there of tuberculosis in 1937. Scholars believe that Robinson's difficulties reflect the notorious case of the Scottsboro Boys, in which nine black men were convicted of raping two white women on negligible evidence. However, in 2005, Lee stated that she had in mind something less sensational, although the Scottsboro case served \"the same purpose\" to display Southern prejudices. Emmett Till, a black teenager who was murdered for flirting with a white woman in Mississippi in 1955, and whose death is credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement, is also considered a model for Tom Robinson.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What did writers of the Tanzimat period hope to accomplish with their publications?
|
contribute to a revitalization of Ottoman social structures
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Many of the writers in the Tanzimat period wrote in several different genres simultaneously: for instance, the poet Namik Kemal also wrote the important 1876 novel İntibâh (\"Awakening\"), while the journalist İbrahim Şinasi is noted for writing, in 1860, the first modern Turkish play, the one-act comedy \"Şair Evlenmesi\" (\"The Poet's Marriage\"). An earlier play, a farce entitled \"Vakâyi'-i 'Acibe ve Havâdis-i Garibe-yi Kefşger Ahmed\" (\"The Strange Events and Bizarre Occurrences of the Cobbler Ahmed\"), dates from the beginning of the 19th century, but there remains some doubt about its authenticity. In a similar vein, the novelist Ahmed Midhat Efendi wrote important novels in each of the major movements: Romanticism (Hasan Mellâh yâhud Sırr İçinde Esrâr, 1873; \"Hasan the Sailor, or The Mystery Within the Mystery\"), Realism (Henüz On Yedi Yaşında, 1881; \"Just Seventeen Years Old\"), and Naturalism (Müşâhedât, 1891; \"Observations\"). This diversity was, in part, due to the Tanzimat writers' wish to disseminate as much of the new literature as possible, in the hopes that it would contribute to a revitalization of Ottoman social structures.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What was the capital of Danish Estonia?
|
Reval
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The capital of Danish Estonia (Danish: Hertugdømmet Estland) was Reval (Tallinn), founded at the place of Lyndanisse after the invasion of 1219. The Danes built the fortress of Castrum Danorum at Toompea Hill. Estonians still call their capital \"Tallinn\", which according to legend derives from Taani linna (meaning Danish town or castle). Reval was granted Lübeck city rights (1248) and joined the Hanseatic League. Even today, Danish influence can be seen in heraldic symbols. The Danish cross is on the city of Tallinn's coat of arms, and Estonia's coat of arms displays three lions similar to those found on the Danish coat of arms.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
what sort of music did Hi-NRG group Lime produce?
|
1980s disco-pop
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Various disco songs incorporated sounds produced with synthesizers and drum machines, and some compositions were entirely electronic; examples include Giorgio Moroder's late 1970s productions such as Donna Summer's hit single \"I Feel Love\" from 1977, Cerrone's \"Supernature\" (1977), Yellow Magic Orchestra's synth-disco-pop productions from Yellow Magic Orchestra (1978), Solid State Survivor (1979), and several early 1980s disco-pop productions by the Hi-NRG group Lime.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What kind of clause does the United States constitution have that the Brazilian constitution does not have with the same effects?
|
supremacy clause
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Brazilian federal constitution does not have a supremacy clause with the same effects as the one on the U.S. constitution, a fact that is of interest to the discussion on the relation between treaties and state legislation.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What type of garment or accessory is traditionally worn at some of the dances held?
|
mask
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Malian musical traditions are derived from the griots, who are known as \"Keepers of Memories\". Malian music is diverse and has several different genres. Some famous Malian influences in music are kora virtuoso musician Toumani Diabaté, the late roots and blues guitarist Ali Farka Touré, the Tuareg band Tinariwen, and several Afro-pop artists such as Salif Keita, the duo Amadou et Mariam, Oumou Sangare, and Habib Koité. Dance also plays a large role in Malian culture. Dance parties are common events among friends, and traditional mask dances are performed at ceremonial events.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What region was seized
|
The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht. The prince-bishopric was involved in almost continuous conflicts with the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders. The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders, but large areas in the modern province of Overijssel remained as the Oversticht.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Kathmandu valley is home to about how many Baha'i?
|
300
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Sikhism is practiced primarily in Gurudwara at Kupundole. An earlier temple of Sikhism is also present in Kathmandu which is now defunct. Jainism is practiced by a small community. A Jain temple is present in Gyaneshwar, where Jains practice their faith. According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley. They have a National Office located in Shantinagar, Baneshwor. The Baha'is also have classes for children at the National Centre and other localities in Kathmandu. Islam is practised in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about 4.2% of the population of Nepal.[citation needed] It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches. Christian missionary hospitals, welfare organizations, and schools are also operating. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. They have contributed to the spread of Christianity and the building of churches in Nepal and in Kathmandu, in particular.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How many wars occured between 1500s and 1953?
|
64
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Referring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. \"Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars in which at least one great power was opposed to another, and they averaged little more than five years in length. In approximately a 450-year time frame, on average at least two great powers were fighting one another in each and every year.\" Even during the period of Pax Britannica (or \"the British Peace\") between 1815 and 1914, war and military confrontations among the great powers was still a frequent occurrence. In fact, Joshua Baron points out that, in terms of militarized conflicts or confrontations, the UK led the way in this period with nineteen such instances against; Russia (8), France (5), Germany/Prussia (5) and Italy (1).",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
About how many people live in a square kilometer in Gonggabu VDC?
|
20,000
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The agglomeration of Kathmandu has not yet been officially defined. The urban area of the Kathmandu valley is split among three different districts (collections of local government units within a zone) which extend very little beyond the valley fringe, except towards the southern ranges, which have comparatively small population. They have the three highest population densities in the country. Within the districts lie VDCs (villages), 3 municipalities (Bhaktapur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi), 1 sub-metropolitan city (Lalitpur), and 1 metropolitan city (Kathmandu). Some district subdivisions remain legally villages yet are densely populated, Gonggabu VDC notably recorded a density over 20,000 people/km2. (2011 census). The following data table describes the districts considered part of the agglomeration:",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What are some of the major concerns with intensive breeding programs?
|
cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Both intensive and free-range farming have animal welfare concerns. In intensive systems, cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common, with some farmers using beak trimming as a preventative measure. Diseases can also be common and spread rapidly through the flock. In extensive systems, the birds are exposed to adverse weather conditions and are vulnerable to predators and disease-carrying wild birds. Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare. In Southeast Asia, a lack of disease control in free-range farming has been associated with outbreaks of avian influenza.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Users employ the content to decorate club houses, their avatars, or what virtual dwelling space?
|
apartments
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "PlayStation Home is a virtual 3D social networking service for the PlayStation Network. Home allows users to create a custom avatar, which can be groomed realistically. Users can edit and decorate their personal apartments, avatars or club houses with free, premium or won content. Users can shop for new items or win prizes from PS3 games, or Home activities. Users interact and connect with friends and customise content in a virtual world. Home also acts as a meeting place for users that want to play multiplayer games with others.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What wsas the satellite internet growth rate as of 2009?
|
10% to 15% per year
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "As of 2009, Internet via satellite had a steady growth rate of 10% to 15% per year. It was particularly in demand in remote areas that did not have either dialup or wireless online services. The local telecommunications company Dalkom Somalia provided internet over satellite, as well as premium routes for media operators and content providers, and international voice gateway services for global carriers. It also offered inexpensive bandwidth through its internet backbone, whereas bandwidth ordinarily cost customers from $2,500 to $3,000 per month through the major international bandwidth providers. The main clients of these local satellite services were internet cafes, money transfer firms and other companies, as well as international community representatives. In total, there were over 300 local satellite terminals available aross the nation, which were linked to teleports in Europe and Asia. Demand for the satellite services gradually began to fall as broadband wireless access rose. However, it increased in rural areas, as the main client base for the satellite services extended their operations into more remote locales.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How are the Houston Community College and Lone Star College systems ranked among educational facilities?
|
within the 10 largest
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Three community college districts exist with campuses in and around Houston. The Houston Community College System serves most of Houston. The northwestern through northeastern parts of the city are served by various campuses of the Lone Star College System, while the southeastern portion of Houston is served by San Jacinto College, and a northeastern portion is served by Lee College. The Houston Community College and Lone Star College systems are within the 10 largest institutions of higher learning in the United States.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What did the Province of West Jersey specify there would not be for those running for an office, in 1681?
|
religious test
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for office. An oath had also been imposed on the militia during the French and Indian War requiring them to abjure the pretensions of the Pope, which may or may not have been applied during the Revolution. That law was replaced by 1799.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In what years was CP1251 encoding used in most Russian online usage?
|
1995–2005
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 8859-5) and Microsoft Windows (CP1251) created chaos and ended by establishing different encodings as de facto standards, with Windows-1251 becoming a de facto standard in Russian Internet and e-mail communication during the period of roughly 1995–2005.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Which major part of Buddhism rejects bardo?
|
Theravada
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan \"bardo\") between one life and the next. The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next.[page needed]",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
who was a pioneer of the genre in america?
|
Todd Terry
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Back in America the scene had still not progressed beyond a small number of clubs in Chicago, Detroit, Newark and New York City. However, many independent Chicago-based record labels were making appearances on the Dance Chart with their releases. In the UK, any house song released by a Chicago-based label was routinely considered a must play at many clubs playing house music. Paradise Garage in New York City was still a top club. The emergence of Todd Terry, a pioneer of the genre, was important in America. His cover of Class Action's Larry Levan mixed \"Weekend\" demonstrated the continuum from the underground disco to a new house sound with hip-hop influences evident in the quicker sampling and the more rugged bass-line.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When did UNESCO make Boudhanath a World Heritage Site?
|
1979
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Boudhanath, (also written Bouddhanath, Bodhnath, Baudhanath or the Khāsa Chaitya), is one of the holiest Buddhist sites in Nepal, along with Swayambhu. It is a very popular tourist site. Boudhanath is known as Khāsti by Newars and as Bauddha or Bodhnāth by speakers of Nepali. Located about 11 km (7 mi) from the center and northeastern outskirts of Kathmandu, the stupa's massive mandala makes it one of the largest spherical stupas in Nepal. Boudhanath became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is a well-known lake of Jiaxing?
|
South Lake
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Valleys and plains are found along the coastline and rivers. The north of the province lies just south of the Yangtze Delta, and consists of plains around the cities of Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Huzhou, where the Grand Canal of China enters from the northern border to end at Hangzhou. Another relatively flat area is found along the Qu River around the cities of Quzhou and Jinhua. Major rivers include the Qiangtang and Ou Rivers. Most rivers carve out valleys in the highlands, with plenty of rapids and other features associated with such topography. Well-known lakes include the West Lake of Hangzhou and the South Lake of Jiaxing.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Along with Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Winnipeg, Hamilton and Vancouver, what Canadian city has a significant Somali population?
|
Toronto
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Civil strife in the early 1990s greatly increased the size of the Somali diaspora, as many of the best educated Somalis left for the Middle East, Europe and North America. In Canada, the cities of Toronto, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Hamilton all harbor Somali populations. Statistics Canada's 2006 census ranks people of Somali descent as the 69th largest ethnic group in Canada.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is the percentage of binder in mastic asphalt?
|
7–10%
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Mastic asphalt is a type of asphalt which differs from dense graded asphalt (asphalt concrete) in that it has a higher asphalt/bitumen (binder) content, usually around 7–10% of the whole aggregate mix, as opposed to rolled asphalt concrete, which has only around 5% added asphalt/bitumen. This thermoplastic substance is widely used in the building industry for waterproofing flat roofs and tanking underground. Mastic asphalt is heated to a temperature of 210 °C (410 °F) and is spread in layers to form an impervious barrier about 20 millimeters (0.79 inches) thick.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What emotion do political campaigns appeal to in regard to terrorism?
|
fear
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys and men. Expectations attached to social roles, such as \"acting as man\" and not as a woman, and the accompanying \"feeling rules\" contribute to the differences in expression of certain emotions. Some cultures encourage or discourage happiness, sadness, or jealousy, and the free expression of the emotion of disgust is considered socially unacceptable in most cultures. Some social institutions are seen as based on certain emotion, such as love in the case of contemporary institution of marriage. In advertising, such as health campaigns and political messages, emotional appeals are commonly found. Recent examples include no-smoking health campaigns and political campaigns emphasizing the fear of terrorism.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How does Alaska rate in comparison with other states in crude oil production?
|
fourth
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Alaska has vast energy resources, although its oil reserves have been largely depleted. Major oil and gas reserves were found in the Alaska North Slope (ANS) and Cook Inlet basins, but according to the Energy Information Administration, by February 2014 Alaska had fallen to fourth place in the nation in crude oil production after Texas, North Dakota, and California. Prudhoe Bay on Alaska's North Slope is still the second highest-yielding oil field in the United States, typically producing about 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d), although by early 2014 North Dakota's Bakken Formation was producing over 900,000 barrels per day (140,000 m3/d). Prudhoe Bay was the largest conventional oil field ever discovered in North America, but was much smaller than Canada's enormous Athabasca oil sands field, which by 2014 was producing about 1,500,000 barrels per day (240,000 m3/d) of unconventional oil, and had hundreds of years of producible reserves at that rate.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When using a sundial, we must adjust the reading to reflect natural discrepancies and the effect of what other influence?
|
time zone
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "DST inherits and can magnify the disadvantages of standard time. For example, when reading a sundial, one must compensate for it along with time zone and natural discrepancies. Also, sun-exposure guidelines such as avoiding the sun within two hours of noon become less accurate when DST is in effect.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who described post-punk as "less a genre of music than a space of possibility"?
|
Simon Reynolds
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The scope of the term \"post-punk\" has been subject to controversy. While some critics, such as AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine, have employed the term \"post-punk\" to denote \"a more adventurous and arty form of punk\", others have suggested it pertains to a set of artistic sensibilities and approaches rather than any unifying style. Music journalist and post-punk scholar Simon Reynolds has advocated that post-punk be conceived as \"less a genre of music than a space of possibility\", suggesting that \"what unites all this activity is a set of open-ended imperatives: innovation; willful oddness; the willful jettisoning of all things precedented or 'rock'n'roll'\". Nicholas Lezard, problematizing the categorization of post-punk as a genre, described the movement as \"so multifarious that only the broadest use of the term is possible\".",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How many documents should the new elected king sign?
|
two documents
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Until the death of Sigismund II Augustus, the last king of the Jagiellonian dynasty, monarchs could be elected from within only the royal family. However, starting from 1573, practically any Polish noble or foreigner of royal blood could become a Polish–Lithuanian monarch. Every newly elected king was supposed to sign two documents—the Pacta conventa (\"agreed pacts\")—a confirmation of the king's pre-election promises, and Henrican articles (artykuły henrykowskie, named after the first freely elected king, Henry of Valois). The latter document served as a virtual Polish constitution and contained the basic laws of the Commonwealth:",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance started?
|
1578
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Tibetan relations after the Mongol-Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty (1644–1912) of China in their support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama, after increasing their presence in the Amdo region. This culminated in Güshi Khan's (1582–1655) conquest of Tibet from 1637–1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with his help.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What is Punjab's major language?
|
Punjabi
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The major and native language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi (which is written in a Shahmukhi script in Pakistan) and Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group in country. Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. There is not a single district in the province where Punjabi language is mother-tongue of less than 89% of population. The language is not given any official recognition in the Constitution of Pakistan at the national level. Punjabis themselves are a heterogeneous group comprising different tribes, clans (Urdu: برادری) and communities. In Pakistani Punjab these tribes have more to do with traditional occupations such as blacksmiths or artisans as opposed to rigid social stratifications. Punjabi dialects spoken in the province include Majhi (Standard), Saraiki and Hindko. Saraiki is mostly spoken in south Punjab, and Pashto, spoken in some parts of north west Punjab, especially in Attock District and Mianwali District.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
The omission of what element in screenshots can make them unreliable as evidence?
|
underlying links
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "There are technical limitations to archiving a web site, and as a consequence, it is possible for opposing parties in litigation to misuse the results provided by web site archives. This problem can be exacerbated by the practice of submitting screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports, when the underlying links are not exposed and therefore, can contain errors. For example, archives such as the Wayback Machine do not fill out forms and therefore, do not include the contents of non-RESTful e-commerce databases in their archives.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Which friend took on the role of several jobs to help Chopin including copyist?
|
Julian Fontana
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Two Polish friends in Paris were also to play important roles in Chopin's life there. His fellow student at the Warsaw Conservatory, Julian Fontana, had originally tried unsuccessfully to establish himself in England; Albert Grzymała, who in Paris became a wealthy financier and society figure, often acted as Chopin's adviser and \"gradually began to fill the role of elder brother in [his] life.\" Fontana was to become, in the words of Michałowski and Samson, Chopin's \"general factotum and copyist\".",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When were Victoria and Prince Albert married?
|
1840
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet \"the grandmother of Europe\". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When did the Jugurthine War end?
|
104 BC
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Jugurthine War of 111–104 BC was fought between Rome and Jugurtha of the North African kingdom of Numidia. It constituted the final Roman pacification of Northern Africa, after which Rome largely ceased expansion on the continent after reaching natural barriers of desert and mountain. Following Jugurtha's usurpation of the throne of Numidia, a loyal ally of Rome since the Punic Wars, Rome felt compelled to intervene. Jugurtha impudently bribed the Romans into accepting his usurpation. Jugurtha was finally captured not in battle but by treachery.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When was the term middle east common as a noun and adjective?
|
the 19th century
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The term middle east as a noun and adjective was common in the 19th century in nearly every context except diplomacy and archaeology. An uncountable number of places appear to have had their middle easts from gardens to regions, including the United States. The innovation of the term \"Near East\" to mean the holdings of the Ottoman Empire as early as the Crimean War had left a geographical gap. The East Indies, or \"Far East,\" derived ultimately from Ptolemy's \"India Beyond the Ganges.\" The Ottoman Empire ended at the eastern border of Iraq. \"India This Side of the Ganges\" and Iran had been omitted. The archaeologists counted Iran as \"the Near East\" because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there. This usage did not sit well with the diplomats; India was left in an equivocal state. They needed a regional term.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In an ethnic sense, Ashkenazi Jews can trace their ancestry to Jews who settled where?
|
Central Europe
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes). However, a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, from the University of Huddersfield in England, suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe, probably as a consequence of conversion. Since the middle of the 20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What year was hazardous working conditions limited to children in Brazil?
|
1998
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In Brazil, the minimum working age has been identified as fourteen due to continuous constitutional amendments that occurred in 1934, 1937, and 1946. Yet due to a change in the dictatorship by the military in the 80’s, the minimum age restriction was reduced to the age of twelve but was reviewed due to reports of dangerous and hazardous working conditions in 1988. This led to the minimum age being raised once again to 14. Another set of restrictions was passed in 1998 that restricted the kinds of work youth could partake in, such as work that was considered hazardous like running construction equipment, or certain kinds of factory work. Although many steps were taken to reduce the risk and occurrence of child labour, there is still a high number of children and adolescents working under the age of fourteen in Brazil. It was not until recently in the 80’s that it was discovered that almost nine million children in Brazil were working illegally and not partaking in traditional childhood activities that help to develop important life experiences.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In what supreme court case was it ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment?
|
Olmstead v. United States
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In the 1939 case Nardone v. United States, the court ruled that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Why did Eisenhower ignore McCarthy?
|
facilitate relations with Congress
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "This prevented Eisenhower from openly condemning Joseph McCarthy's highly criticized methods against communism. To facilitate relations with Congress, Eisenhower decided to ignore McCarthy's controversies and thereby deprive them of more energy from involvement of the White House. This position drew criticism from a number of corners. In late 1953 McCarthy declared on national television that the employment of communists within the government was a menace and would be a pivotal issue in the 1954 Senate elections. Eisenhower was urged to respond directly and specify the various measures he had taken to purge the government of communists. Nevertheless, he refused.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How does a brushless wound rotor achieve stability?
|
a multiphase slip-ring-brush assembly to propagate limited power to the rotor winding set
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The brushless wound-rotor synchronous doubly-fed (BWRSDF) machine is the only electric machine with a truly dual ported transformer circuit topology (i.e., both ports independently excited with no short-circuited port). The dual ported transformer circuit topology is known to be unstable and requires a multiphase slip-ring-brush assembly to propagate limited power to the rotor winding set. If a precision means were available to instantaneously control torque angle and slip for synchronous operation during motoring or generating while simultaneously providing brushless power to the rotor winding set, the active current of the BWRSDF machine would be independent of the reactive impedance of the transformer circuit and bursts of torque significantly higher than the maximum operating torque and far beyond the practical capability of any other type of electric machine would be realizable. Torque bursts greater than eight times operating torque have been calculated.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When was the second wave of progressive house?
|
1999–2001
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups such as Madonna, Janet Jackson, Paula Abdul, Aretha Franklin, Bananarama, Diana Ross, Tina Turner, Whitney Houston, Steps, Kylie Minogue, Bjork, and C+C Music Factoryhave all incorporated the genre into some of their work. After enjoying significant success in the early to mid-90s, house music grew even larger during the second wave of progressive house (1999–2001). The genre has remained popular and fused into other popular subgenres, for example, G-house, Deep House, Tech House and Bass House. As of 2015, house music remains extremely popular in both clubs and in the mainstream pop scene while retaining a foothold on underground scenes across the globe.[citation needed]",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How did Nasser's government deal with human rights?
|
human rights violations
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies, and anti-imperialist efforts. His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and launched large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam and Helwan City. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his government's human rights violations, his populist relationship with the citizenry, and his failure to establish civil institutions, blaming his legacy for future dictatorial governance in Egypt. Historians describe Nasser as a towering political figure of the Middle East in the 20th century.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In what county is the Tan Hill Inn located?
|
Yorkshire
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The highest pub in the United Kingdom is the Tan Hill Inn, Yorkshire, at 1,732 feet (528 m) above sea level. The remotest pub on the British mainland is The Old Forge in the village of Inverie, Lochaber, Scotland. There is no road access and it may only be reached by an 18-mile (29 km) walk over mountains, or a 7-mile (11 km) sea crossing. Likewise, The Berney Arms in Norfolk has no road access. It may be reached by foot or by boat, and by train as it is served by the nearby Berney Arms railway station, which likewise has no road access and serves no other settlement.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In which year did Romania overthrow its communist government?
|
1989
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "On 25 February 1991, the Warsaw Pact was declared disbanded at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from remaining Pact countries meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, in Prague, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally ended the 1955 Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance and so disestablished the Warsaw Treaty after 36 years of military alliance with the USSR. In fact, the treaty was de facto disbanded in December 1989 during the violent revolution in Romania, which toppled the communist government, without military intervention form other member states. The USSR disestablished itself in December 1991.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What year was The Traymore Hotel begun?
|
1879
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to build an even bigger hotel. Rising 16 stories, the tan brick and gold-capped hotel would become one of the city's best-known landmarks. The hotel made use of ocean-facing hotel rooms by jutting its wings farther from the main portion of the hotel along Pacific Avenue.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Who agreed to not have any military arsenal on the Black Sea coast?
|
the Tsar and the Sultan
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How many DB10's were produced?
|
10
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th anniversary of the company's association with the franchise. Only eight of those 10 were used for the film, however; the remaining two were used for promotional work. After modifying the Jaguar C-X75 for the film, Williams F1 carried the 007 logo on their cars at the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix, with the team playing host to the cast and crew ahead of the Mexican premiere of the film.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When was the first Spanish department store opened?
|
October 1881
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The first department store in Spain was Almacenes el Siglo opened in October 1881 in Barcelona. Following the 2002 closure by the Australian group Partridges of their SEPU (Sociedad Española de Precios Unicos) department store chain, which was one of Spain's oldest, the market is now dominated by El Corte Inglés, founded in 1934 as a drapery store. El Corte Inglés stores tend to be vast buildings, selling a very broad range of products and the group also controls a number of other retail formats including supermarket chain 'Supercor' and hypermarket chain 'Hipercor'. Other competitors such as 'Simago' and 'Galerías Preciados' closed in the 1990s, however El Corte Inglés, faces major competition from French discount operators such as Carrefour and Auchan.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What type of life is more enviromentally diverse than multicellular life?
|
microbial life
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Less than 1% of all species that have been described have been studied beyond simply noting their existence. The vast majority of Earth's species are microbial. Contemporary biodiversity physics is \"firmly fixated on the visible [macroscopic] world\". For example, microbial life is metabolically and environmentally more diverse than multicellular life (see e.g., extremophile). \"On the tree of life, based on analyses of small-subunit ribosomal RNA, visible life consists of barely noticeable twigs. The inverse relationship of size and population recurs higher on the evolutionary ladder—\"to a first approximation, all multicellular species on Earth are insects\". Insect extinction rates are high—supporting the Holocene extinction hypothesis. ",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
The fruit fly has a brain that has how many synapses?
|
several million
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Synapses are the key functional elements of the brain. The essential function of the brain is cell-to-cell communication, and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. The functions of these synapses are very diverse: some are excitatory (exciting the target cell); others are inhibitory; others work by activating second messenger systems that change the internal chemistry of their target cells in complex ways. A large number of synapses are dynamically modifiable; that is, they are capable of changing strength in a way that is controlled by the patterns of signals that pass through them. It is widely believed that activity-dependent modification of synapses is the brain's primary mechanism for learning and memory.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What are the main coastal towns
|
Minehead, Watchet, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The main coastal towns are, from the west to the north-east, Minehead, Watchet, Burnham-on-Sea, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon and Portishead. The coastal area between Minehead and the eastern extreme of the administrative county's coastline at Brean Down is known as Bridgwater Bay, and is a National Nature Reserve. North of that, the coast forms Weston Bay and Sand Bay whose northern tip, Sand Point, marks the lower limit of the Severn Estuary. In the mid and north of the county the coastline is low as the level wetlands of the levels meet the sea. In the west, the coastline is high and dramatic where the plateau of Exmoor meets the sea, with high cliffs and waterfalls.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
who sang the hit single "vogue"?
|
Madonna
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The early 1990s additionally saw the rise in mainstream US popularity for house music. Pop recording artist Madonna's 1990 single \"Vogue\" became an international hit single and topped the US charts. The single is credited as helping to bring house music to the US mainstream.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Where have flax fibers which may have been used in clothing found?
|
a prehistoric cave
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, Russia in 1988. Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How late did Nintendo continue to repair Famicom units?
|
October 31, 2007
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "As the 1990s dawned, gamers predicted that competition from technologically superior systems such as the 16-bit Sega Mega Drive/Genesis would mean the immediate end of the NES’s dominance. Instead, during the first year of Nintendo's successor console the Super Famicom (named Super Nintendo Entertainment System outside Japan), the Famicom remained the second highest-selling video game console in Japan, outselling the newer and more powerful NEC PC Engine and Sega Mega Drive by a wide margin. The console remained popular in Japan and North America until late 1993, when the demand for new NES software abruptly plummeted. The final Famicom game released in Japan is Takahashi Meijin no Bōken Jima IV (Adventure Island IV), while in North America, Wario's Woods is the final licensed game. In the wake of ever decreasing sales and the lack of new software titles, Nintendo of America officially discontinued the NES by 1995. However, Nintendo kept producing new Famicom units in Japan until September 25, 2003, and continued to repair Famicom consoles until October 31, 2007, attributing the discontinuation of support to insufficient supplies of parts.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Up to how many Austrian soldiers died at Rivoli?
|
14,000
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Two days after the marriage, Bonaparte left Paris to take command of the Army of Italy. He immediately went on the offensive, hoping to defeat the forces of Piedmont before their Austrian allies could intervene. In a series of rapid victories during the Montenotte Campaign, he knocked Piedmont out of the war in two weeks. The French then focused on the Austrians for the remainder of the war, the highlight of which became the protracted struggle for Mantua. The Austrians launched a series of offensives against the French to break the siege, but Napoleon defeated every relief effort, scoring notable victories at the battles of Castiglione, Bassano, Arcole, and Rivoli. The decisive French triumph at Rivoli in January 1797 led to the collapse of the Austrian position in Italy. At Rivoli, the Austrians lost up to 14,000 men while the French lost about 5,000.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What did the work of Louis Pasteur and Ferdinand Cohn focus on?
|
the cycle of life concept
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The discipline of ecology typically traces its origin to the synthesis of Darwinian evolution and Humboldtian biogeography, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Equally important in the rise of ecology, however, were microbiology and soil science—particularly the cycle of life concept, prominent in the work Louis Pasteur and Ferdinand Cohn. The word ecology was coined by Ernst Haeckel, whose particularly holistic view of nature in general (and Darwin's theory in particular) was important in the spread of ecological thinking. In the 1930s, Arthur Tansley and others began developing the field of ecosystem ecology, which combined experimental soil science with physiological concepts of energy and the techniques of field biology. The history of ecology in the 20th century is closely tied to that of environmentalism; the Gaia hypothesis, first formulated in the 1960s, and spreading in the 1970s, and more recently the scientific-religious movement of Deep Ecology have brought the two closer together.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
Asymmetry is attributable to a relation of what kind of direction?
|
temporal
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "However, asymmetry of causation can be observed in a non-arbitrary way which is not metaphysical in the case of a human hand dropping a cup of water which smashes into fragments on a hard floor, spilling the liquid. In this order, the causes of the resultant pattern of cup fragments and water spill is easily attributable in terms of the trajectory of the cup, irregularities in its structure, angle of its impact on the floor, etc. However, applying the same event in reverse, it is difficult to explain why the various pieces of the cup should fly up into the human hand and reassemble precisely into the shape of a cup, or why the water should position itself entirely within the cup. The causes of the resultant structure and shape of the cup and the encapsulation of the water by the hand within the cup are not easily attributable, as neither hand nor floor can achieve such formations of the cup or water. This asymmetry is perceivable on account of two features: i) the relationship between the agent capacities of the human hand (i.e., what it is and is not capable of and what it is for) and non-animal agency (i.e., what floors are and are not capable of and what they are for) and ii) that the pieces of cup came to possess exactly the nature and number of those of a cup before assembling. In short, such asymmetry is attributable to the relationship between temporal direction on the one hand and the implications of form and functional capacity on the other.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
An imbalance in the intake of nutrients by any organism can be referred by which term?
|
Malnutrition
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Malnutrition refers to insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients by an organism. In developed countries, the diseases of malnutrition are most often associated with nutritional imbalances or excessive consumption. In developing countries, malnutrition is more likely to be caused by poor access to a range of nutritious foods or inadequate knowledge. In Mali the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Aga Khan Foundation, trained women's groups to make equinut, a healthy and nutritional version of the traditional recipe di-dèguè (comprising peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour). The aim was to boost nutrition and livelihoods by producing a product that women could make and sell, and which would be accepted by the local community because of its local heritage.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How much sales tax did Kerry owe on the yacht?
|
$437,500
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "According to the Boston Herald, dated July 23, 2010, Kerry commissioned construction on a new $7 million yacht (a Friendship 75) in New Zealand and moored it in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, where the Friendship yacht company is based. The article claimed this allowed him to avoid paying Massachusetts taxes on the property including approximately $437,500 in sales tax and an annual excise tax of about $500. However, on July 27, 2010, Kerry stated he had yet to take legal possession of the boat, had not intended to avoid the taxes, and that when he took possession, he would pay the taxes whether he owed them or not.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When were humanism beliefs mixed with another philosophy by a Taoist thinker?
|
6th century BCE
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In the 6th century BCE, Taoist teacher Lao Tzu espoused a series of naturalistic concepts with some elements of humanistic philosophy. The Silver Rule of Confucianism from Analects XV.24, is an example of ethical philosophy based on human values rather than the supernatural. Humanistic thought is also contained in other Confucian classics, e.g., as recorded in Zuo Zhuan, Ji Liang says, \"People is the zhu (master, lord, dominance, owner or origin) of gods. So, to sage kings, people first, gods second\"; Neishi Guo says, \"Gods, clever, righteous and wholehearted, comply with human.\" Taoist and Confucian secularism contain elements of moral thought devoid of religious authority or deism however they only partly resembled our modern concept of secularism.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
How often do birds molt?
|
usually once a year
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timing of this molt - usually once a year but sometimes twice - varies with some species molting prior to moving to their winter grounds and others molting prior to returning to their breeding grounds. Apart from physiological adaptations, migration sometimes requires behavioural changes such as flying in flocks to reduce the energy used in migration or the risk of predation.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When did the Ottomans strike at the Armenians?
|
1894
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Ottoman Empire, believed to be about to collapse, was portrayed in the press as the sick man of Europe\". The Balkan states, with the partial exception of Bosnia and Albania, were primarily Christian. Starting in 1894 the Ottomans struck at the Armenians on the explicit grounds that they were a non-Muslim people and as such were a potential threat to the Muslim empire within which they resided. The Hamidian Massacres aroused the indignation of the entire Christian world. In the United States the now aging Julia Ward Howe, author of the Battle Hymn of the Republic, leaped into the war of words and joined the Red Cross. Relations of minorities within the Ottoman Empire and the disposition of former Ottoman lands became known as the \"Eastern Question,\" as the Ottomans were on the east of Europe.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What percentage of Swiss voters voted to join the Schengen treaty?
|
55%
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "In 2002 Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, leaving the Vatican City as the last widely recognised state without full UN membership. Switzerland is a founding member of the EFTA, but is not a member of the European Economic Area. An application for membership in the European Union was sent in May 1992, but not advanced since the EEA was rejected in December 1992 when Switzerland was the only country to launch a referendum on the EEA. There have since been several referenda on the EU issue; due to a mixed reaction from the population the membership application has been frozen. Nonetheless, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to conform with that of the EU, and the government has signed a number of bilateral agreements with the European Union. Switzerland, together with Liechtenstein, has been completely surrounded by the EU since Austria's entry in 1995. On 5 June 2005, Swiss voters agreed by a 55% majority to join the Schengen treaty, a result that was regarded by EU commentators as a sign of support by Switzerland, a country that is traditionally perceived as independent and reluctant to enter supranational bodies.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
When did the mandolin first appear in rock music?
|
psychedelic era of the late 1960s
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
In what year did The Teutonic Order lose Eastern Prussia?
|
1525
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "The Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525. Albert established himself as the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia and a vassal of the Polish crown by the Prussian Homage. Walter von Cronberg, the next Grand Master, was enfeoffed with the title to Prussia after the Diet of Augsburg in 1530, but the Order never regained possession of the territory. In 1569 the Hohenzollern prince-electors of the Margraviate of Brandenburg became co-regents with Albert's son, the feeble-minded Albert Frederick.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What does the AAPF believe the goal of affirmative action should be?
|
to address race-based obstacles that block the path to success
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Proponents of affirmative action argue that by nature the system is not only race based, but also class and gender based. To eliminate two of its key components would undermine the purpose of the entire system. The African American Policy Forum believes that the class based argument is based on the idea that non-poor minorities do not experience racial and gender based discrimination. The AAPF believes that \"Race-conscious affirmative action remains necessary to address race-based obstacles that block the path to success of countless people of color of all classes\". The groups goes on to say that affirmative action is responsible for creating the African American middle class, so it does not make sense to say that the system only benefits the middle and upper classes.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
What did French and English farmers do during the Little Ice Age to gain more solar energy?
|
employed fruit walls
|
[
{
"docid": "none",
"url": "none",
"title": "none",
"headings": "none",
"segment": "Agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize the capture of solar energy in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Techniques such as timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties can improve crop yields. While sunlight is generally considered a plentiful resource, the exceptions highlight the importance of solar energy to agriculture. During the short growing seasons of the Little Ice Age, French and English farmers employed fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy. These walls acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm. Early fruit walls were built perpendicular to the ground and facing south, but over time, sloping walls were developed to make better use of sunlight. In 1699, Nicolas Fatio de Duillier even suggested using a tracking mechanism which could pivot to follow the Sun. Applications of solar energy in agriculture aside from growing crops include pumping water, drying crops, brooding chicks and drying chicken manure. More recently the technology has been embraced by vinters, who use the energy generated by solar panels to power grape presses.",
"start_char": 0,
"end_char": 0,
"id": "0"
}
] |
squad_v2
|
none
|
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