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Ménière's disease is a long-term, progressive condition that affects the parts of the inner ear that affect both balance and hearing.
This condition affects roughly 1 in 1,500 people. Ménière's disease is not a common condition, but it can develop at any age and affects both genders equally. It can also be linked to family history, with around 7-10% of sufferers sharing the disease with a close relative.
Although the cause of Ménière's disease is currently unknown, it is thought to be linked to a problem with inner-ear pressure, particularly involving the fluid that is inside, known as the endolymph. The disease can be divided into early, middle and late stages, tracking a path that over time that normally sees a decrease in attack frequency, but a steady increase in hearing loss and often tinnitus as well. However, the progression of the condition varies from case-to-case and you may not pass through all three phases.
At Amplifon, our team of expert audiologists and audiometrists can help assess the extent of your hearing loss, but if you also experience vertigo and/or tinnitus, you should consult your GP. If your doctor suspects that you may have Ménière's disease, it will either be treated with medication or you will be referred to an ear, nose and throat specialist (ENT), who will be able to carry out relevant tests and scans before prescribing the relevant treatment and next steps.
The Ménière's Society also provides support and authoritative information about the disease, much of it written by medical professionals and clinical researchers. The society can also put you in touch with other people who have been diagnosed with the condition, which may be a comfort to you or your friends and family.
Find out more about Ménière's disease treatment, hearing loss and other disorders.
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Providing relief from dog allergies
Food allergies usually cause the dog's skin to become itchy and irritated on and around the face, feet, ears, forelegs, armpits and near the dogs sphincter. Frequent inner ear infections, loss of hair, extreme scratching, hot spots, and skin infections that may respond to antibiotics but return after the antibiotics are completed are all common effects of dog allergies. If your dog displays an increased incidence of bowel movements it may also be a sign of food allergies. In general, dogs have around one and a half bowel movements per day, whereas food allergies usually increase the amount to three or more daily.
Suspected dog food ingredients such as preservatives, additives, peanut butter and tomatoes can cause your dog to have allergic reactions; Peanut butter is sometimes found in dog biscuits, and tomato paste is typically found in many dry dog foods. Protein can also cause dog allergies and is present in such items as chicken, beef, carbohydrates, wheat or corn. A diet of lamb and rice is recommended by veterinarians for dogs with such allergic reactions.
You can prepare allergy free pet food for dog at home. Remember, dogs love fresh vegetables such as carrots, broccoli and cauliflower. Keep in mind that vegetables also provide additional benefits that will help your dog or cat live a longer more healthy life. Be sure to change your dog's diet gradually as to avoid stomach problems.
Many dog allergies are initiated by air-borne and environmental factors. Dogs are often times allergic to trees, grass, pollen and fabrics made of wool or nylon. Other common substances that cause allergic reactions in dogs include plastic, rubber materials, mites, flea bites or insects. After direct contact with these substances, their body responds to these allergens by becoming itchy. Because of the dogs constant scratching they may develop sores which create an optimal location for an unwanted bacterial infection. Dogs sometimes experience symptoms of an allergic reaction yet they did not come in direct contact with the allergen itself. Veterinarians diagnose this as Atopy which is dermatitis caused by inhalation rather than physical contact. This normally occurs as a result of your dog inhaling pollen, dust, mold, or another allergy substance in the air.
Paws, ears, and face are common areas that become inflamed by allergies. Consult with your veterinarian about controlling pet allergies. To heal sores on a dog's body, treatments such as fatty acid supplements, hypoallergenic shampoo and hydrocortisone creams are very effective. Veterinarians use antihistamines to relieve the dogs itching and make life more comfy for your canine friend. There are some side effects to be aware of when using an antihistamine such as sleepiness, hyperactivity, constipation, dry mouth & lack of appetite. Be sure you have consulted your vet before using any medication on your dog.
When dogs have allergies, the allergy usually manifests itself on the back or belly as sores forcing the dog to lick or scratch the area which sometimes causes their hair to fall out. Food and/or environmental culprits can make your dog miserable. Identifying the source of the allergy will make your pet's quality of life 100% better!
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Discovering Spring in Florida
Florida’s winters are famous for being deliciously mild. That’s why so many people from around the country head here during the winter months. In contrast, Florida’s summers are obviously quite hot. This fits with the state’s relaxed, tropical vibe, and it makes for great beach weather. However, spring in the Sunshine State doesn’t get the attention that winter and summer do. What can you expect from a spring in Florida?
Geography has an obvious impact on the climate, but the climate is affected by much more than your distance from the equator. In Florida’s case, it’s important to note that the state is a peninsula nestled between the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Because these waters are capable of storing heat, the state’s coastal areas tend to stay warmer than its central areas.
Florida’s nickname may be the Sunshine State, but sunshine isn’t the only weather that it’s famous for. Fortunately, springtime is not primetime for hurricanes and severe storms. As the National Hurricane Center indicates, the Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30. Although it’s possible for storms to occur outside of that window, it’s uncommon.
Florida is the only state in the United States to have a subtropical climate throughout the year, according to Any Travel Tips. That distinction means that the temperature swings between seasons tend to be milder than people in other states may be used to. During the spring season, the average high ranges from 70 degrees F to 88 degrees F.
March, April, and May are often a time when local Floridians make plans to enjoy the many natural beauties and fantastic attractions waiting outdoors in their states. One of the reasons for this is that the humidity during these spring months is delightfully low. Locals know that summer will bring much higher humidity, so they head outside in the spring when it is less sticky.
As World Travel Guide explains, Florida normally swings between a dry season and a wet season. Spring falls mainly in the dry season, which runs from November to April. This low risk of serious precipitation is another reason why spring is a great time for outdoor activities in Florida. Granted, spring technically stretches into the wet season, which begins in May. Of course, even the wet season rarely brings total washouts. Instead, residents know to expect higher humidity and daily showers during this period.
While hurricanes may get the headlines, tornadoes are also a concern in Florida. According to TripSavvy, April through August are peak tornado times in the Sunshine State. This makes sense since these rotational storms thrive on muggy weather and thunderstorms. Fortunately, the majority of the state’s tornadoes are very weak. Many are actually waterspouts, which are basically tornadoes traveling over the water.
If you’re hoping to retire in Jacksonville, Florida, the Beach House could be the ideal place. Our friendly and compassionate staff members offer individualized care 24/7, ensuring the safety, security, and happiness of all residents. The Beach House provides assisted living, memory care, and respite care. Most importantly, we tailor these services to suit the unique needs of each resident. To learn more about our amenities or schedule a tour, please get in touch with us online or give us a call at 904-615-8076. We look forward to hearing from you!
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The Internet uses the Domain Name Service (DNS) to associate data with simple, easy-to-remember domain names. For instance, users can navigate to the “www.bitstamp.net” domain name instead of using the complex string of numbers that constitute Bitstamp’s IP addresses. Your phone’s contacts app provides a similar service: you can type in a friend’s name to make a call instead of remembering every single friend’s phone number.
Using smart contracts, the Ethereum Name Service (ENS) brings similar functionality to the Ethereum blockchain. Users may obtain a .eth domain name that associates with their Ethereum addresses, making it easier to navigate to their own wallets, input their addresses into decentralized applications (dapps) or exchanges, and provide a simpler way for other users to transact with them.
ENS names exist as non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on the Ethereum blockchain, leading to some crypto users collecting .eth names that they believe to be valuable. This drove upwards of 20,000 weekly sales in mid-2021. Since its launch in 2017, more than 2.5 million names have been registered using ENS.
In order to govern the system, ENS uses a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) comprised of holders of its ENS token. Token holders can vote on proposals that guide how ENS operates, setting how names are registered and how the community treasury directs its funds.
How was the Ethereum Name Service developed?
ENS was not the first blockchain-based naming service, despite its now-widespread popularity and recognizability as the leader on Ethereum. Namecoin, launched in 2011 as a fork of Bitcoin, provided the framework for blockchain transactions among addresses that touted “.bit” domain names, but it never garnered broad appeal.
However, Namecoin was inspiration for the later development of a similar project on Ethereum. In fact, when Vitalik Buterin first introduced Ethereum, he noted that a possible use case for this new technology was a naming service—like Namecoin. It didn’t take long for an ex-Google software engineer named Nick Johnson to publish an Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) that detailed the “Ethereum Domain Name Service.” Johnson later received funding from the Ethereum Foundation to build the service.
This funding led to the creation of an organization now called ENS Labs, a non-profit based in Singapore, that directs the development of ENS. Over the years, updates to the protocol have included support of addresses beyond .eth (like .xyz and Tor’s .onion) and the compliance of ENS names with the ERC-721 non-fungible token (NFT) standard.
How does the Ethereum Name Service work?
The ENS approaches blockchain addresses almost like the Internet’s DNS approaches IP addresses. However, the mechanics of this relationship are slightly different, as the ENS operates using smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.
ENS stores all names in its registry smart contract, which also contains information about every name’s owner and resolver. Resolvers are separate contracts that translate ENS names into the 42-hexadecimal addresses (i.e., 0x88brN04…), thus allowing owners to connect their .eth (or other) names with Ethereum addresses. Owners of a name—such as individual users or smart contracts—can control domain resolvers and transfer ownership of domains (and subdomains) across the network.
Obtaining an ENS name
In order to become the owner of an ENS name, a cryptocurrency user can navigate to the ENS.domains website and use the app to register the name using a smart contract called a “registrar.” The user pays a fee according to the length of time they wish to register the name (e.g., 1 year, 2 years, etc.), how long the name is (shorter is more expensive), and how much gas is necessary to process the transaction.
Behind the scenes, ENS generates and keeps track of the names through a process called Namehash. This process standardizes names, making them compatible across the protocol, and then hashes (converts) the names using cryptography to make them into an alphanumeric string.
Using ENS names
Owners can use ENS names in place of their wallet address or a smart contract address, allowing others to make transactions with them more easily. ENS names are also functionally NFTs, as transferring one to another owner gives them the right to the name. In the broader NFT marketplace, this has made ENS names one of the more popular digital assets—especially for perceived high-value names related to finance, the metaverse, and specific projects.
How is the ENS token used?
In November 2021, holders of ENS-issued names were offered an airdrop of a new ERC-20 token dubbed “ENS.” Within 1 month of release, the total market cap of all ENS tokens peaked at $1.5 billion.
The ENS token is used to conduct governance of the ENS protocol through a process of proposals and community votes. This type of governing body is called a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). Through voting, ENS holders can set the fees for new domains or other specifications of the protocol, but perhaps most significantly they can also direct the funds in the DAO’s treasury.
Token supply and distribution
There is a maximum supply of 100 million ENS. The airdrop released 25% of the supply to holders of ENS names, and another 25% were allocated to over 100 of the project’s contributors. The DAO community treasury received the other 50% of all ENS. Only 10% of these tokens were available for immediate use, and the remaining ENS were scheduled to unlock over the course of 4 years (ending in 2025).
- The Ethereum Name Service is a protocol that allows for the creation and management of human-readable names associated with addresses on the Ethereum blockchain.
- The ENS was conceived early in the development of Ethereum, taking inspiration from the Bitcoin-based project Namecoin.
- ENS names are transferable and compatible with the ERC-721 non-fungible token (NFT) standard, making them attractive to NFT traders; meanwhile, the ENS token is used to govern the protocol through its decentralized autonomous organization (DAO).
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Several primate species all over the world are endangered. BPRC-affiliated researchers have developed a method that will help us protect these species in an animal-friendly manner.
Among other methods, we seek to preserve monkey species by breeding animals in zoos, then releasing them into the wild. It is vital that the monkeys be characterised genetically so as to be able to maintain a variety of genes within a population. Genetic diversity plays a role in partner selection, reproductive ability and protection against pathogens.
The genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), a complex and diverse system that plays a vital part in the aforementioned processes, are highly suited to genotyping. The researchers developed a quick MHC typing method involving monkeys' faeces. This means this genotyping method is not unpleasant for the animals.
This new technique, published in theImmunogenetics academic journal, may be applied in several fields, particularly in the field of protecting endangered animal species from extinction.
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The number of snowbirds in Canada has increased over the years. The reason is obvious: the weather down south during winters is better than up north. But, why ship their cars South instead of driving them? Let’s find out!
You might have heard of the saying, “birds of a feather flock together.” If this applies in the world of Silicon Valley, then it shouldn’t be any different when it comes to snowy Canada. Canada is known as a winter wonderland. Therefore, many Canucks make the most of this season and pack up to their winter homes in the U.S. or make a quick trip to the Caribbean. However, what they lack is a good way to ship their cars to their destination.
To all snowbirds that go south to escape the cold, the thought of shipping their car across the border might sound extravagant. But, if you know the reasons, car shipping may be one of your smartest moves. Read on to know why car transport from Canada to the U.S is better than driving it:
What or Who is a Snowbird?
Snowbirds are those people who live in colder areas of Canada. There are many reasons why they move south during winters, but most of them do so to escape the harsh cold it brings. They enjoy warm weather, sun, sand, and beaches.
The term “snowbird” is derived from the bird’s migratory habits, where they migrate from the northern areas of their home country and head south for warmer climates during the winter months. They typically migrate to a warmer place during the winter months. They often visit warm climates in Mexico, Florida, Hawaii, and California.
The snowbird community is also made up of travelers who move to a new location during the off-season when there are fewer tourists or locals. These might be seasonal workers or retirees who come back to visit each year.
Why Snowbirds Ship Their Cars South Vs. Driving Them?
Driving Can Be Risky:
Snowbirds opt for car transport to Florida and other southern areas because it’s safer. With the drop in temperature and snow on the roads, driving becomes incredibly risky because roads become slippery.
Plus, the presence of fog reduces the visibility, making it even harder for them to navigate safely. This is the reason why, on average, 75,000 people get injured, and 1,300 die in crashes due to snow and ice fall each year. Therefore, many snowbirds fly to the south and ship their vehicles there.
Driving Often Results in Long Waiting Times:
Besides this, the roads become jam-packed in winter due to many people going to warmer regions or spending time with family as the holidays approach.
Plus, certain routes get closed due to heavy snowfall and landslides. This leads to long wait times in traffic and further increases the risk of accidents as the cars stuck bumper-to-bumper on roads.
Snowbirds just hire a Canadian car transport company to move their vehicles and save all the time and hassle.
Auto Shipping is More Convenient:
Snowbirds don’t have to worry about their vehicles getting damaged or breaking down during shipping. Plus, snowbirds travel to the south to enjoy the warmer regions and feel relaxed.
However, if most of the time is spent driving to and from the south on icy roads and traffic-packed roads, they’ll spend many days shaking off the tiredness that’ll come with driving thousands of miles.
To avoid all this, snowbirds hire a trusted car shipping company and let them do all the legwork.
Customs Clearance Can Be a Hassle:
Getting the car cleared at customs and going through mountains of paperwork is another hassle. There are so many regulations and rules to keep in mind and several documents to prepare and sign, which can be quite confusing to an average person.
Car transport companies move vehicles day and night, so they know exactly what’s needed and take care of all the paperwork for their clients.
No Wear and Tear on The Car:
The distance between is thousands of kilometers, which means the driver will be behind the wheel for hours, sitting in the same position for hours, imaging how much strain and stress this can put on the driver’s neck, back, shoulders and hips. But that’s just the wear and tear on the driver. What about the car?
Covering 1,000+ K.M.s to reach the south and then do the same to go back after winters means damage to the tires, stress on the engine, and scratches and dents on the car from all the bumps and narrow passageway because of icy pavements. And that’s not it; vehicle’s odometer will have thousands of kilometers added by the time they return to Canada. This will slash several thousand dollars from the resale price of the car.
A car transport company specializing in snowbird car shipping can help them avoid all this by moving it on a hauler. The vehicle is secured with straps and chains and stays parked throughout the journey, so no wear and tear or addition of kilometers to the odometer.
What Happens When Snowbirds Arrive in Florida?
When the snowbirds arrive in Florida, it means that the winter tourist season is about to start. Many people plan their trips in the fall and start booking car transport services, booking hotels, and flights for their upcoming trip.
These tourists who come from the north mostly like to stay in vacation homes or rent apartments for the winter months, depending on how long they intend to stay in Florida.
How Do Snowbirds Ship Their Cars?
Snowbirds typically use one of the three modes to transport their cars to the U.S, including by land (via truck), rail, or plane. The truck is the most commonly used because of its low cost, high safety, fast speed, and excellent convenience.
Transport by airplane offers the same convenience and safety as a truck but is faster. However, it costs almost double or more than transport via a truck.
On the other hand, the train is cheap (only if the distance is greater), but it can take more time when crossing the border, mainly due to a change of operators. Moreover, it’s not that convenient because you’ll have to go to the station to drop off the car when shipping and pick up the car and drive it back when receiving.
Some Important Things To do When Leaving Your Home in The North to Travel South:
Frequently Asked Questions
What documents are needed to ship my vehicle to the U.S Temporarily?
A couple of documents and forms are required when temporarily importing the car to the U.s. These include form 3299 (for moving the car temporarily), vehicle registration photocopy, passport and driver’s license copies, confirmation of Canadian residence such as a utility bill, U.S residence confirmation such as your U.S residence bill or hotel reservation information, and a valid visa to name a few.
How long can my car be in the U.S.?
You can bring your vehicle to the U.S duty-free for up to one year if you don’t have a residency in the U.S.
How much it costs to ship a car from Canada to Florida
The cost to ship a car from Canada to Florida typically varies between $1,000 and $1,500 depending on the season, weather, distance, and vehicle type.
Can snowbirds drive across the border?
Yes, snowbirds can drive their vehicles across the border to the U.S whenever the border is open to public transport.
Can you leave a Canadian-registered vehicle in Florida all year?
Yes, they can, but they’ll have to register the car and get a driver’s license and insurance coverage in Florida.
How are snowbirds getting their cars to Florida?
Mostly through car transport services from Canada to the U.S., when the borders were closed during lockdowns, car transport companies were still allowed to cross, so almost every snowbird used the service to get their car across.
What do snowbirds do with their cars?
They ship them to where they’re going in the U.S to conveniently drive around when spending the last quarter of the year there. Those who don’t take their cars with them when flocking to the south typically store them in the garage or a self-storage unit.
Snowbird Car Transport By Canadian Car Shipping:
Hundreds of snowbirds trust Canadian Car Shipping throughout Canada for our timely response and delivery at incredibly economical costs.
You can always call us at (800) 381-6907 or use the shipping quote calculator to receive free car shipping quotes for snowbird auto transport.
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Dystopian narratives in pop culture have long been used to reflect real-world fears held by both niche groups and the entire global population. As radical pessimism establishes itself as one of the key narratives of our times, We explore the science behind its underlying causes and its impact on people’s behaviour.
The critical and commercial success of dystopian narratives like The Handmaid’s Tale, Westworld and Black Mirror – which form part of a broader cultural resurgence in tales that focus on the worst of humanity – highlights how people have a growing fascination with dismal futures, techno-pessimism and millenarian scenarios. “Judging by the outpouring of dystopian literature and film, our zeitgeist is indisputably more influenced by this idea than any preceding epoch,” says Gregory Claeys, a professor of the history of political thought at Royal Holloway University and author of Dystopia: A Natural History. The appetite for this kind of entertainment seems to link back to real-world fears, such as controversies around advancements in AI, wariness about technology’s impact on mental wellbeing, concerns over privacy and surveillance, and ‘ecoanxiety’ fuelled by the looming threat of climate change
“There are periodic cycles of increased fascination with dystopia,” explains Sherryl Vint, a professor of science fiction media studies at the University of California in an interview with Canvas8. “Right after World War II, there was a real increase in dystopian stories, especially related to the atomic bomb, and then a dying off.” Vint believes this return to prominence has been driven by people’s increased sense of vulnerability and a growing culture that tracks activity. that occurred in response to the War on Terror. In the decade following the Great Recession, people’s perceptions of where the world is going haven’t gotten any less bleak. The internet didn’t fulfill its promise of plurality and unity, becoming increasingly centralised and controlled; economic inequality has radically widened; authoritarian, demagogic, and nationalist figures have risen to power in nations across the globe; and the threat of an environmental crisis seems to be constantly looming. According to Claeys, the growing presence of dystopia in culture is a result of “the manifest decline of the Western capitalist idea of progress, the ideological glue that has held together much of intellectual history since the mid-18th century.”
But dystopian fiction can also serve as a way for people to cope with a stressful reality. According to Claeys, stories that predict the future – suggesting that it is in some way predictable – speak to an innate desire for control over our fate. But good storytelling has long helped people work their way through anxieties better than both rational arguments and philosophical analyses. “It is much easier to portray the apocalypse and, even more, a post-apocalyptic society than it is to explain in a film or novel how the existing system is collapsing, and why, and who is accountable,” Claeys says. Watching terrifying realities also performs an important cathartic function by creating a safe space where people can experience their fears and work through them, much in the same way horror movies do. Media psychology pioneer Stuart Fischoff talked about the sense of psychological release that people get from watching dark fantasies portrayed in fiction and on screen. He noted that these experiences put us in the perfect condition to exorcise our fears because, at least unconsciously, “we know that, in an hour or two, we’re going to walk out whole.”
The popularisation of this type of entertainment leaves opportunities for brands to capitalise on people’s growing fascination with dystopian narratives; they can help people cope with their fears by providing occasions for catharsis, or simply by channel dystopian imagery in their communications. Adidas and Russian airline S7 have both gone down the dystopia route imagery in advertising campaigns, with the former’s ‘Original is Never Finished’ spot challenging the idea of an authoritarian state to promote its message, while the latter played up the idea that an obsession with digital tech has caused people to lose touch with the physical world.
While media and entertainment producers are looking to build on dystopian themes, tech companies are taking an opposite, less audacious, approach in an attempt to reverse the narrative around their impact on the world and reassure people that they’re working for a brighter future. Yet given the pessimistic depiction of ‘new’ technologies such as VR, AI, and biohacking in entertainment media, the rapid pace of innovation means that this sector will continue to provide fuel for future fears.
Canvas8 Library members can view the full report here.
Edoardo Biscossi is a behavioural analyst at Canvas8, which specialises in behavioural insights and consumer research. He has a degree in Political Sciences and a MSc in Consumer Behaviour. He’s interested in culture, people, art, the future, the niche, and the mass.
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|Infobox on Arabic Gum|
|Example of Arabic Gum|
|Stowage factor (in m3/t)||-|
|Humidity / moisture||-|
Mastic is a resin obtained from the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus). In pharmacies and nature shops, it is called "arabic gum" (not to be confused with Gum Arabic and Yemen gum). Originally liquid, it is sun dried into drops of hard brittle translucent resin. When chewed, the resin softens and becomes a bright white and opaque gum. The flavour is bitter at first, but after chewing, it releases a refreshing, slightly piney or cedar flavor.
The rarity of mastic and the difficulty of its production make it expensive. As a result, imitations in the form of other resins appear in the market, sold as "mastic," such as Boswellia or gum arabic. Other trees, such as Pistacia palaestina, can also produce a resin similar to mastic. Yet other substances, such as pine tree resin and almond tree resin, are sometimes used in place of mastic.
Mastic has been used as a medicine since antiquity and is still used in traditional folk medicine of the Middle East. Mastic contains antioxidants and also has antibacterial and antifungal properties. Mastic may also have some value in preventing tooth decay and gingivitis as chewing mastic reduces oral bacteria.
One of the earliest uses of mastic was as chewing gum; hence, the name. In several countries mastic is used in ice cream, sauces, deserts, soft drinks, seasoning , cakes, sweets, pastries, in vegetable preserves, in jams that have a gummy consistency, in soups, and in the preparation of meats and smoked foods.
Mastic is used in some varnishes. Mastic varnish was used to protect and preserve photographic negatives. Mastic is also used in perfumes, cosmetics, soap, body oils, and body lotion. In ancient Egypt, mastic was used in embalming. In its hardened form, mastic can be used, like frankincense or Boswellia resin, to produce incense.
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How to Talk to Your Children About the Crisis in Ukraine
“Trust your gut, give yourself some grace if you do or say the wrong thing. The most important thing to remember is that your presence and willingness to listen is ultimately what your child is needing the most.”
The war and invasion of Ukraine has raised concerns for people of all ages and children can be very receptive to what's going on around them. The crisis can be a lot to take in, mentally and emotionally.
“Children are searching for their own understanding and making sense of the world they live in,” said family therapist Chris J. Gilbert, M.Ed, LPC, CCLS.
Parents may be wondering how to talk to their child and how to best support them. The most important thing is every child is unique and has different needs, Gilbert says.
“You are your children’s best expert,” Gilbert said. “Trust your gut, give yourself some grace if you do or say the wrong thing. The most important thing to remember is that your presence and willingness to listen is ultimately what your child is needing the most.”
Watching the news
Gilbert said to be mindful of what you’re watching on the news and where you’re watching it because children are very receptive to what they hear and see.
“If they do show interest in staying informed, I would say watching the news with them is OK and to give them perspective to what is occurring," he said.
Gilbert said parents can also watch the news ahead of time, record it and rewatch it with them later. This allows parents to provide highlights and manage how much news they are taking in.
He suggested limiting the access of things that your child sees on social media.
“Parents, be available for questions and allow time for questions,” he said. “Do your best to provide information and know that some of those questions you won’t have answers to. It’s OK to say ‘I don’t know.’ It’s also OK if they are not interested or don’t show interest.”
Parents, stay calm because children are very receptive to emotional and nonverbal cues.
“When having conversations, always attempt to validate feelings,” Gilbert said. “Feelings of anxiety and sadness are normal. Provide an environment of safety and allow them to share what they are feeling. Reflect what you heard and give them the space to share."
Kids may be seeing images and videos of the refugees fleeing Ukraine and feel sad or uneasy.
“Validate that, say ‘that’s horrific,” Gilbert said. “Allow them to vent and share their own frustrations and reflect that back.”
No one emotion/feeling is right or wrong, everyone perceives what is going on differently and processes in their own way.
He said adults can’t always put answers to their questions, but it’s important to validate your child’s feelings.
Turn to action
Anxiety and worries about the unknown can be paralyzing. Turn those fears and angst into actions, he said.
“Families can brainstorm together for ways to help,” Gilbert said.
Some ways are:
- Donating to charity
- Writing letters to potential refugees
- Use your faith and pray with your children for the needs of others
All of this allows a sense of ownership, control, predictability and a healthy outlet which is something all kids need and frankly what we all could benefit from.
Parents, take care of yourself
“As for parents, I would recommend on relying on your own support systems as well as community support systems to work through your own fears and uncertainties about current events,” he said. “Allowing yourself these outlets provides you the best opportunity to be the most present and comforting to your own family and children.”
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Polyps can grow anywhere in the large intestine but more commonly grow in the colon. A colon polyp is a small clump of cells that grow on the inner lining of the colon. Most polyps are benign, noncancerous growths that vary in size and shape. But they can develop into colon cancer over time, which makes colorectal cancer screenings important. Talk to your gastroenterologist about when you should get screened.
What are the types of colon polyps?
Nonneoplastic polyps typically do not become cancerous. These include:
- Inflammatory polyps. Can occur in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- Hyperplastic polyps. Can develop where the body has repaired damaged tissue.
- Hamartomatous polyps. Rare in adults but the most common type of polyps in children.
- Adenomas. Most likely to turn into cancer if given time to grow.
- Serrated polyps. Can become cancerous depending on size and location.
Who is at risk to get colon polyps?
According to the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE), more than 40% of people in their 50s have precancerous colon polyps. The ASGE also notes that being over the age of 50 is the biggest risk factor for developing colon polyps.
What are the other risk factors?
In addition to being over the age of 50, you may also be at higher risk of developing colon polyps if you:
- Have a personal history or family history of polyps or colon cancer
- Have existing medical conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
- Are overweight
- Are a smoker
- Excessively drink alcohol
- Do not exercise
What are the symptoms of colon polyps?
Most people do not have symptoms. But you should talk to your doctor if you have:
- Bleeding from the rectum
- Unexplained iron deficiency
- Unexplained weight loss
- Change in stool color
- Change in bowel habits
How are polyps diagnosed?
- Colonoscopy. Most common way to find polyps. Almost all precancerous polyps are found during a colonoscopy and can be removed during the procedure. A colonoscopy allows a gastroenterologist to see inside the colon and large intestine using a flexible tube called a colonoscope that is inserted through the rectum while the patient is under sedation. Learn how to prepare for a colonoscopy.
- Sigmoidoscopy. A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the rectum to examine the lower part of the large intestine or the sigmoid colon.
- Computerized tomography (CT) scan.
- Stool tests.
How are polyps treated?
A gastroenterologist can typically remove polyps found during a colonoscopy. The polyp(s) will then be sent to a laboratory for testing. During a follow-up appointment, your gastroenterologist will discuss the lab results and next steps. Those steps will include when you should schedule another screening and how to minimize risk factors for developing additional polyps through lifestyle changes like improved diet and exercise.
Schedule an appointment with your gastroenterologist to discuss when you should be screened for colon cancer. Call 866-MY-LI-DOC (866-695-4362) to find a Catholic Health physician near you.
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If you use electronic devices such as your laptop and smartphone for hours every day, you are exposing your eyes to a considerable amount of blue light. Is blue light bad for your eyes? The topic is controversial even among experts. We reviewed over 20 peer-reviewed papers to provide a balanced and scientifically accurate report.
In recent years, blue light has amassed significant attention for its possible effects on human health.
It has often been discussed in the context of sleep: blue light regulates our circadian rhythm, and nighttime exposure to blue light from phones and laptops appears to disrupt our sleep cycles.
Another no less important aspect of blue-light exposure is its potential damage to the eye.
Among medical professionals, there is currently no consensus. The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) argues that ‘there is no evidence that blue light from digital devices causes damage to your eye’. However, many authorities hold a different opinion: both the American Optometric Association (AOA) and the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) highlight the phototoxicity of blue light from LED lighting and urge caution.
Notably, the blue-light-saturated modern lifestyle is a recent phenomenon, and the long-term effects of extended LED screen exposure have not been thoroughly studied or understood. It might be too early to dismiss blue light damage.
In this article, we take a deep dive into the science of blue light and its effects on the eye. We shall first look at the consequences of increased screen time and changes in display technologies and then examine the effects of light on the eye, especially the retina. Subsequently, we will examine how blue light is different from other kinds of visible light and causes more damage. Finally, we will look at some practical ways to reduce blue light exposure.
Screen Time and Eye Health
To understand whether blue light might damage eyesight, it is important to understand what it is and how our exposure to it has changed in recent years.
Digital device usage has increased substantially in recent years across all age groups. A 2020 study estimated that adults typically spend on average 4 hours 48 min per day using digital media.
These changes have been associated with various negative symptoms associated with digital eye strain: eye pain, headaches, increased sensitivity to light, redness and watering of the eyes, dry eyes, blurry vision, etc..
Most of these symptoms can resolve with rest and reduced screen time. However, can the light emitted by digital devices have a long-term and even permanent detrimental effect on the health of our eyes?
To answer this question, we have to take a closer look at the nature of the light produced by digital displays.
Digital Devices, Screen Brightness, and Blue Light Exposure
Digital displays are illuminated by LEDs (light-emitting diodes ). These are chosen for their energy efficiency, durability, and small size. The most common type of LED generates white light by coating a blue LED with a yellow phosphor, a substance that emits light when exposed to certain radiations; when blue light passes through the phosphor coating, it mixes with yellow light to simulate white light.
Every light colour has a range of wavelengths: blue light is around 435 - 500nm, yellow light is around 565 - 590nm, and red light is around 625 - 740nm. As illustrated in the graph above, white LEDs shows a clear peak at around 470nm, within the blue-light range. They emit far more blue light than incandescent and fluorescent lights.
Currently, smartphones and premiums tend to use OLED (organic light-emitting diode) or AMOLED (active-matrix organic light-emitting diode) displays. In contrast to traditional LCD (liquid crystal display) screens, which are backlit, every pixel of an OLED/AMOLED screen emits its own light. It means that significantly more light, especially blue light, enters the viewer’s eyes directly.
Furthermore, technology companies have been increasing screen brightness. Luminance, the objective measure of brightness, is calculated in candela per square metre ( cd/m2), which is equivalent to ‘nit’. 1 cd/m2 or 1 nit is roughly the brightness of a wax candle's light emitted, transmitted, or reflected by a surface of 1 square metre. Over the past decade, the luminance of iPhones has quadrupled: iPhone 5 of 2012 had a maximum luminance of 500 nits; by contrast, today, iPhone 14 Pro Max can reach a peak luminance of 2000 nits when less than 25% of the screen is lit up.
Admittedly, even the brightest OLED screen at the moment emits less light than a sunny sky. However, as ophthalmologist Dr Jean Leid points out, what matters is not the ‘total amount of light emitted’ by a light source but the amount that enters the eye. With the use of digital devices, there are multiple causes for concern: we look at the screens directly at a very close distance; we use the devices for long durations; we are also less likely to use protection.
How Does Light Damage the Eye?
Blue light exposure has greatly increased with the proliferation of LED-based digital devices. To explore whether blue light may damage the eye, we have to understand how the eye works and how light may damage it.
In the eye, the main cells responsible for detecting light are called rods and cones. These cells are situated in the retina, and they contain pigments, molecules that detect specific wavelengths of light and tell the brain when and where they were detected. It is through this process that we perceive visual images.
When light is detected, the pigments are bleached by photons and trigger a cascade of chemical reactions. One by-product of these reactions is reactive oxygen species. They are molecules that contain oxygen and unstable electron configurations. In order to stabilise, they react with other molecules to gain more electrons. This reaction can destabilise other molecules and trigger a series of reactions known as cytotoxic chain-reactions (cytotoxic: toxic to living cells).
These reactions can be triggered by many other factors and occur anywhere in the body. They can cause cellular damage and even cell death. An overabundance of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress, has been implicated in the development of many diseases, such as cancer, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and retinopathy.
Of course, the eyes are organs that have evolved to absorb light. Light-absorbing cells in the eyes are equipped with mechanisms to mitigate the effect of reactive oxygen species: they contain antioxidants, which react with reactive oxygen species and “deactivate” them. This prevents them from causing damage to the cell.
In the retina, two important antioxidants are lutein and zeaxanthin. They exist within rods and cones in high concentration in order to mop up the high levels of reactive oxygen species made. However, if the rate of reactive oxygen species production exceeds the antioxidant capacity of the cells, oxidative damage can occur.
Is Blue Light Particularly Harmful for Your Eyes?
The generation of reactive oxygen species during pigment bleaching is true of all wavelengths of light. The absorption of too much of any wavelength can lead to this light-induced photochemical damage. However, many animal and cell studies have shown that exposure to blue light damages the retina significantly more than any other wavelength of visible light. Why is this?
It is well known that UV is harmful for your eyes. UV rays, which are invisible, have shorter wavelengths and higher energy than visible light. They can trigger photochemical reactions that generate a lot of reactive oxygen species.
Blue light is only one level above UV on the light spectrum: among all colours of visible light, it has the lowest range of wavelengths and the highest amount of energy. In the eye, while most of UV light is absorbed by the lens and does not reach the retina, most of blue light is not filtered and reaches the retina.
Apart from its higher intensity and greater penetration, blue light might also cause more damage than other colours of visible light because of a special property. After light breaches a retinal pigment, the pigment needs to be “reset” in order to absorb light again. Blue light appears to be able to reset pigments, specifically rhodopsin (visual purple) in rod cells, at a much faster rate. This means that if your eyes are exposed to green light, for example, the pigments don't absorb too much light because it takes so much time for them to reset. On the other hand, with blue light, the light-absorbing pigments are almost immediately reset, which means more light is absorbed and more reactive oxygen species are generated.
There is a substantial body of in-vitro and animal studies that suggest blue light can cause damage to photoreceptors and the retina, as well as other parts of the eyes such as the cornea and the lens. Some scientists conjecture that blue light might also accelerate vitreous degeneration and cause eye floaters.
However, this is not to say that blue light is unequivocally dangerous. Some authorities, such as the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) and the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), have declared that photochemical damage from daily blue light exposure is insignificant. In-vitro and in-vivo animal studies may not accurately reflect the effects of blue light on human eyes. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether daily exposure to blue light from digital devices can reach the thresholds required to trigger permanent damage in human eyes. More research is needed to fully understand how blue light may affect eye health.
Nonetheless, it might be injudicious to suggest that blue light is simply harmless because of a lack of definitive longitudinal studies on human subjects. The explosive increase in screen time and the gradual increase in screen brightness are both recent developments, whose long-term effects have yet to be seen. Based on the current scientific evidence, it would be sensible to beware of blue light exposure and err on the side of caution.
What Should You Do to Minimise Potential Eye Damage from Blue Light?
Everyone has different amounts of daily exposure to blue light. It would be a good start to consider how much blue light you are exposed to every day:
- Do you spend prolonged periods outdoors?
- Do you wear sunglasses outdoors?
- What kind of lighting do you have at home and at work?
- How many hours do you spend in front of LED screens every day?
- Do you take regular breaks from screen use?
- What are the brightness levels of your digital devices?
Blue light also has different levels of impact on different groups of individuals because of physiological differences. In individuals under 20, the lens is clear, which allows more blue light to pass through. In children's eyes, around 90% of blue light at 450nm reaches the retina; by contrast, less than 70-80% of light under 540nm reaches an older person's retina. However, it does not mean that the elderly are safe from the effects of blue light; older people have lower antioxidant capacity and are more prone to oxidative damage. People with intraocular lens implants that do not filter blue light also get more blue light exposure.
Another relevant issue is timing. Blue light plays an important role in regulating the circadian rhythm, which is the body’s internal clock. In the morning, blue light can suppress the levels of melatonin, a hormone that induces sleepiness, and thereby promote alertness and productivity. Therefore, it is a good idea to go outside for a walk soon after you wake up. In the evening, however, blue light can delay the onset of melatonin production and disrupt the circadian rhythm. Consequently, it is advisable to minimise blue light exposure in the evening, especially before sleep.
To protect your eyes from blue light, there are various ways:
1. Reduce screen time
Electronic devices are a main contributor of blue light exposure, and they also lead to digital eye strain or computer vision syndrome, which has a variety of negative symptoms such as dry and irritated eyes.
You should take regular breaks from screen use. 20-20-20 rule suggests that every 20 minutes, you should look away at someone 20 feet away for twenty seconds.
You can also use apps to track and control your screen time.
2. Reduce screen brightness and blue light emission
You should reduce the brightness of your screens. On iPhones, you can also reduce white light, which contains more blue light (Settings —> Accessibility —> Display & Text Size —> Reduce White Point).
You can reduce blue light emission from your screens by adding a tint to the screen. Many smartphones have blue light filters: iPhones have Night Shift; Android devices have Night Mode/Night Light; Samsung phones have Blue Light Filter. You can turn on the Dark Mode on your phone, browser, or computer to reduce the overall amount of white light. There are also third-party apps such as f.lux.
3. Wear blue-light glasses
Many spectacles come with lenses that filter blue light, and there are also tinted blue-light-blocking glasses specifically designed for that purpose. It is noteworthy that not all lenses are equally effective: some lenses filter a much lower percentage of blue light than others. A general rule of thumb is that the darker and warmer the tint, the stronger the protection. Most blue-light-blocking glasses also offer UV protection.
4. Ensure a sufficient intake of certain nutrients
As blue light can lead to increased levels of reactive oxygen species, it is also important to ensure ocular cells are supplied with sufficient antioxidants to neutralise them.
Various studies show that antioxidants, especially lutein and zeaxanthin, can limit the damaging effect of reactive oxygen species in the eye.
Lutein and zeaxanthin can also absorb blue light. These antioxidants can be found in a variety of foods and also sourced from supplements. Theia Bio's Clearer™, for example, contains not only lutein and zeaxanthin but also other antioxidants with proven benefits for eye health, such as citrus aurantium, vitamin C, and zinc.
People over the age of 40 should be particularly attentive to nutrition because the body’s antioxidant capacity decreases with age.
5. Use warmer lighting
If you want to reduce blue light exposure, you should consider using warmer LED lighting at home. Fluorescent lighting, which is commonly used in offices and classrooms, contains not only higher levels of blue light but also more UV.
There has been a significant increase in blue light exposure in recent years. Many factors have contributed to an exponential increase in screen time: the proliferation of smartphones and tablets, the popularity of social media, remote working… Meanwhile, digital screens powered by LED technologies have also become much brighter, resulting in greater amounts of blue light.
With its short wavelength and high energy, blue light can reach the retina, induce photochemical reactions, and trigger oxidative stress. There is a substantial body of in-vitro and animal studies that indicate blue light’s potential to damage retinal cells. In other parts of the eye, blue light might also cause oxidative damage.
However, whether daily exposure to blue light can cause long-term and permanent damage to the eye remains a topic of debate, because there is currently a lack of human studies that definitively prove such damage. There is heated disagreement between experts and authorities.
Meanwhile, it is worth remembering that the increase in blue light exposure is a recent phenomenon, and the long-term effects have yet to be seen. There are good reasons to reduce blue light exposure, especially because it is associated with not only potential phototoxicity but also other well-attested negative effects such as digital eye strain and disruption to the circadian rhythm.
Simple behavioural changes can reduce blue light exposure and mitigate the risks of blue light damage. Methods such as limiting screen time and ensuring a sufficient intake of antioxidants are risk-free and have extensive benefits for eye health.
Abdel-Aal el-SM, Akhtar H, Zaheer K, Ali R. Dietary sources of lutein and zeaxanthin carotenoids and their role in eye health. Nutrients. 2013;5(4):1169-1185. Published 2013 Apr 9. doi:10.3390/nu5041169
Algvere PV, Marshall J, Seregard S. Age-related maculopathy and the impact of blue light hazard. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2006;84(1):4-15. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00627.x
Álvarez-Barrios A, Álvarez L, García M, Artime E, Pereiro R, González-Iglesias H. Antioxidant Defenses in the Human Eye: A Focus on Metallothioneins. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(1):89. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10010089
Auten RL, Davis JM. Oxygen toxicity and reactive oxygen species: the devil is in the details. Pediatr Res. 2009;66(2):121-127. doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181a9eafb
Bahkir FA, Grandee SS. Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on digital device-related ocular health. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020;68(11):2378-2383. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_2306_20
Beatty S, Koh H, Phil M, Henson D, Boulton M. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol. 2000;45(2):115-134. doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(00)00140-5
Bowmaker JK, Dartnall HJ. Visual pigments of rods and cones in a human retina. J Physiol. 1980;298:501-511. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013097
Chen HW, Lee JH, Lin BY, Chen S, Wu ST. Liquid crystal display and organic light-emitting diode display: present status and future perspectives. Light Sci Appl. 2018;7:17168. Published 2018 Mar 23. doi:10.1038/lsa.2017.168
Chen JT, Wu HJ. Blue light from electronic devices may be an important factor for vitreous floaters. Med Hypotheses. 2020;139:109698. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109698
de Jager TL, Cockrell AE, Du Plessis SS. Ultraviolet Light Induced Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;996:15-23. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_2
Hammond BR, Sreenivasan V, Suryakumar R. The Effects of Blue Light-Filtering Intraocular Lenses on the Protection and Function of the Visual System. Clin Ophthalmol. 2019;13:2427-2438. Published 2019 Dec 5. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S213280
Mrowicka M, Mrowicki J, Kucharska E, Majsterek I. Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Their Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Neurodegenerative Disease. Nutrients. 2022;14(4):827. Published 2022 Feb 16. doi:10.3390/nu14040827
Organisciak DT, Vaughan DK. Retinal light damage: mechanisms and protection. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010;29(2):113-134. doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.11.004
Ouyang X, Yang J, Hong Z, Wu Y, Xie Y, Wang G. Mechanisms of blue light-induced eye hazard and protective measures: a review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;130:110577. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110577
Roberts JE, Dennison J. The Photobiology of Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the Eye. J Ophthalmol. 2015;2015:687173. doi:10.1155/2015/687173
Sheppard AL, Wolffsohn JS. Digital eye strain: prevalence, measurement and amelioration. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2018;3(1):e000146. Published 2018 Apr 16. doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000146
Tosini G, Ferguson I, Tsubota K. Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology. Mol Vis. 2016;22:61-72. Published 2016 Jan 24.
Walls HL, Walls KL, Benke G. Eye disease resulting from increased use of fluorescent lighting as a climate change mitigation strategy. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(12):2222-2225. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300246
Wong NA, Bahmani H. A review of the current state of research on artificial blue light safety as it applies to digital devices. Heliyon. 2022;8(8):e10282. Published 2022 Aug 15. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10282
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By Davide Costella
Have you ever wondered why sometimes you are able to persuade someone and other times not? Why some presentations sparked emotions in you and other presentations seemed boring? Why you find it difficult to get along with some of your colleagues, but others you get along with fine?
The answer lies in how language is used. You speak thousands of words per day, but are you aware of how those words can affect you and the people around you?
With language, we build our identities. With language, we create the Company’s missions and vision. With language, we build and dismantle relationships. Basically, everything we do is done through language and this is why it is so important to communicate consciously.
if you want to master the art of communication, one of the first aspects you need to practice is listening. Listening to the exact words a person uses allows you to capture valuable information that the person may not even realize he is giving you. People use specific words for a reason. Words are the way we express how we feel inside, what we believe and so on. So the words a person chooses to use can give you a hint at what’s going on inside him. This hint lets you know how to respond in the most effective way. Here are a couple examples:
1. As your direct report is discussing his development plan with you, he tells you that he has realized he does not like what he is doing anymore.
By listening carefully to his words, you as a manager can pick on the fact that his motivation is driven by moving away from something painful (“I don’t like what I’m doing”), which is a different motivation than being driven towards something (“I want to learn more about digital marketing”). It is like saying I want to quit smoking because I want to feel better (moving toward) or because I’ve had enough with coughing every morning (moving away from). Both are strong motivations, but call for different responses.
Knowing which motivation is at play, helps you know how to answer in a way that creates rapport. For example, you say, “Okay, I understand that you have had enough of what you are doing; you’ve been in your current role for 5 years. Tell me more about what’s going on.” This approach is more powerful than the way most managers might respond, “Yes, okay, but tell me what you do want to do and where you want to go.” Starting with a response that aligns with his motivation creates rapport. This could serve him better since he might not be clear yet on where he wants to go. This is a subtle, but very powerful way to ensure you can help others to feel comfortable enough to speak freely about what they need.
2. Another aspect that is very important to pay attention to is how people use modal verbs. A modal verb is a type of verb that is used to indicate modality – that is: likelihood, ability, permission, request, capacity, suggestions, order and obligation, advice, etc. Let’s imagine that you ask someone on your project team to complete a task and she answers: “Okay, I could do that this week.” The word “could” expresses a choice to either do something or not to do it. Hearing that, you can ask a few more questions to be sure she will actually get the job done, such as:
“Do you see any obstacles to getting this completed?”
“ What do you need to get the job done?”
“How confident are you of getting this done on a scale 0-5?”
As a project manager, you want to ensure that people are capable of accomplishing their tasks on time. Listening carefully to the words they use as they accept a job is a powerful way to support them.
In conclusion, the words people use are the mirrors of their thoughts and emotions. It is therefore very important that you (a) listen carefully to the words that are used and (b) ask the right questions to better understand the context.
If you’d like to learn more about how you can communicate more effectively, contact Davide Costella.
Self-Help Book / Personal Development
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Difference between Verbal (Oral) and Written Communication
Verbal or Oral Communication
1. ‘Verbal or Oral Communication’ implies the transmission of orders, message or suggestions through the spoken words.
2. The media of oral communication are face-to-face talk, speech, lecture, interview, meeting, telephonic talk, video conference, etc.
3. It is an informal method of communication.
4. In oral communication the contact being direct, feedback is immediate.
5. It saves time and money as communication is direct.
6. Oral communication is very much flexible.
7. Explanation may be sought and misunderstanding may be removed immediately through discussion.
8. It not understood, immediate clarification is possible in oral communication.
9. Secrecy can be maintained.
10. The employees can be motivated by personal contact.
11. It is expensive to communicate orally with the persons at distant places by telephone.
12. Communication of long message or statistical data is not suitable for it.
13. Uniformity of work procedure cannot be maintained in oral communication.
14. No record is kept generally (unless audio or video tape- recording is made).
15. Unless recorded in tapes, videos, etc. verbal communication cannot be considered as legal evidence.
1. ‘Written Communication’ means the transmission of message, order or instruction in writing.
2. The media of written communication are a letter, circular, manual, report, telegram, office memo, bulletin, journal, magazine, e-mail, fax, internet, etc.
3. It is a formal method of communication.
4. In written communication feedback requires some time.
5. It is time-consuming and costly.
6. It is less flexible.
7. The chances of misunderstanding remain unless feedback is proper.
8. It has no scope for immediate clarification.
9. Secrecy may be endangered.
10. Motivation through written words is less effective.
11. Communication can be made to the person/persons at distant places at a low cost by post, fax or through the internet.
12. Sending of long message or statistical data with accuracy is suitable for written communication.
13. Uniformity of work procedure can be maintained here.
14. A written document preserved properly becomes a permanent record of the organization and can be used as future reference.
15. Written communication can easily be used as legal evidence.
Powered by Commerce Pk
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Structural Dynamics Blog-Beiträge
How to Evaluate Stresses in COMSOL Multiphysics®
Get a comprehensive introduction to evaluating various stress quantities in COMSOL Multiphysics®.
Axisymmetric Solid Mechanics with a Twist
As of version 6.0, you can easily include circumferential displacements in 2D axisymmetric models using the Solid Mechanics interface. Check out one example here.
Why Do Road and Mountain Bikes Have Different Spoke Patterns?
Why do some bicycle rims come with warnings? Why do some bicyclists prefer rim brakes? To find answers, we model the forces in a bicycle rim for different brake types and spoke lacing patterns.
Fore! Analyzing the Performance of a Golf Ball with Simulation
Did you know that golf balls were originally made out of wood? We discuss the evolution of the golf ball and how simulation can be used to analyze modern golf ball designs.
The History and Science Behind Vinyl Records
As vinyl records explode in popularity, we take a look back at the history of records, as well as the interesting science behind how they are produced — and how they play music.
Simulating Wind Load on a Sports Car’s Side Door and Mirror
Vroom vroom: In this blog post, we use large eddy simulation (LES) and structural analysis to analyze wind loads and airflow on the door and side mirror of a sports car driving at high speeds.
What Is the Difference Between Plane Stress and Plane Strain?
We go over the formulations and constitutive models that you can use to study plane stress, plane strain, and generalized plane strain in your solid mechanics problems.
Why Do Tennis Rackets Tumble? The Dzhanibekov Effect Explained…
If you toss a cellphone, tennis racket, wingnut, cereal box, or any object with 3 axes of rotation in the air, it will demonstrate this interesting and unusual effect…
- COMSOL Now
- Fluid & Heat
- Structural & Acoustics
- Today in Science
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By the Shores of Lough Neagh
What do most of us know about Lough Neagh, other than the fact that it has often been described as ‘Ulster’s Inland Sea’ and borders 5 out of Northern Ireland’s 6 counties? How many of us, for example, know that not only is it the largest freshwater lake in all of the British Isles, but it is also the 3rd largest in Europe?
In this volume Brian Cassells explores the history and people of the Lough in great depth, illustrating his journey around the Lough with a superb collection of colour photographs. Starting at his childhood home in the Montiaghs, in the southern Lough Neagh wetlands, Brian takes you on a tour through the history of the Lough, its people and its industry.
Many long forgotten nuggets of information are gleaned along the way. The vital role the Lough and its shoreline played in the Second World War, which led to the development of Aldergrove International Airport; its role as the hub of the waterway network for the Newry, Coalisland and Lagan canals, with the Upper and Lower Bann navigations delivering barges to the Lough Neagh Basin; the evolution of local fishing practises into what is now the largest commercial wild eel fishery in Europe and the endurance of the sand extraction industry are all recounted in Brian’s authoritative narrative.
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Show your class the incredible natural wonders of the world by booking a geography school trip!
Bespoke geography school trips with a core focus on education
There’s no better way to teach geography than by exploring the world firsthand with your class. Our experienced team will help craft a geography school trip itinerary that meets your curriculum requirements. Some of the key geography topics covered in primary and secondary school include:
- The physical geography of different regions around the world.
- The human geography of different regions around the world, including population, culture and economic activity.
- Environmental geography, including land use, climate change and ecosystems.
Booking a geography school trip is the perfect opportunity for students to learn about these topics and more in a fun and interactive way!
Geography school trips to every corner of the globe
We offer geography school trips to a variety of destinations all over the world. From invigorating city breaks to Icelandic escapes, we have something to suit everyone. Our geography school trips are perfect for KS1 to KS5 students. All trips can be customised to include educational activities and excursions tailored to your group’s learning requirements.
We plan bespoke geography trips to Barcelona to help you educate your class on topics like:
- Spain’s physical geography, including the Pyrenees mountain range.
- The human geography of Barcelona, including its iconic architecture and vibrant culture.
- Economic geography, such as Barcelona’s thriving tourism industry.
Explore the geography of Edinburgh with your students, from its rolling hills to its stunning lochs. The city is also home to Dynamic Earth, an immersive attraction that tells the story of our planet from the Big Bang to the present day.
Florence is a breathtakingly beautiful city, with plenty of opportunities for geography students to learn about its human and physical geography. Students can explore landmarks like Piazza del Duomo and Michelangelo’s David, as well as learning about the area’s economic geography and cultural heritage.
Bay of Naples
Take a trip to the Bay of Naples to show your class towering volcanoes, bustling cities and breathtaking mountain scenery. Your geography students will learn about the physical geography of this area, as well as its human geography, culture and economy.
A geography school trip to Iceland is a perfect way to immerse your students in an inspiring and unique environment. With its stunning, diverse landscapes and interesting history, Iceland is a perfect place to learn about geography topics like rock formations and the effects of human activity on the environment.
Your class will be able to get up close and personal with geysers, natural hot springs and glaciers! This exciting destination offers a truly unique way to learn about how geography works in real life.
Krakow is a must-visit destination for students learning about the human geography of Europe. The city is home to a number of beautiful landmarks, including Wawel Castle and the Main Market Square and its history stretches back over thousands of years.
Tokyo is a fascinating city with an incredibly diverse geography. Students will be able to explore areas like the neon-lit Shinjuku district and learn about topics like Japan’s unique cultural heritage. They’ll also learn about the geography of East Asia, including its mountains and rivers.
Why work with us?
Our team has extensive experience organising geography school trips and we know how to make sure your class has a great time while they learn! We craft bespoke itineraries crammed full of exhilarating learning activities for your class. No matter which year group you teach, you can rest assured that all excursions are age-appropriate, fun and educational.
When you book a school trip with us, you can also take advantage of our:
- Expert advice and support from our friendly team
- Competitive trip pricing
- Fully accredited and protected trips
Book your next geography school trip today!
So, what are you waiting for? Book your next geography school trip with us and give your students an experience they’ll never forget! Get in touch to get started.
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Recently, there has been a number of different types of diets that diabetics can use to improve their own level of health and prevent disease complications. Some of these strategies have received particular endorsement from various health groups or associations; others have not. With so many approaches available with many purporting their own unique and potential benefits to the diabetic patient, there is still a great deal of confusion regarding the best method with which to approach this rather complicated issue.
However, at this point, some new evidence has emerged that may provide some clarity for all of this confusion.
According to a new study, a diet plan consisting of pre-packaged foods including various types of meal plans, recipes, and access to a counselor was more effective at getting diabetic patients to lose weight compared to a standardized diet. In addition, the folks who participated in the commercial diet plan had better blood sugar readings after a one-year period.
The study recruited 227 subjects who were classified as being obese, overweight, and suffering from type 2 diabetes. These participants were placed randomly into three groups: group one received weight loss counseling, a standard diet, and monthly follow-up visits; group two received a low-fat commercial diet plan; and the last group was given a low-carbohydrate commercial diet plan. The folks in the commercial weight loss plan groups also received meal plans, information regarding physical activity, and frequent personalized counseling sessions.
The results of this study indicated that after one year in the program, approximately 40% of the subjects in the commercial weight loss plan groups lost at least 10% of their starting weight, compared to nine percent of those participants who had received the standardized care. However, the most important feature of this study indicated that 72% of the participants in the commercial weight loss plan groups who previously needed to take insulin before a meal no longer needed to do so after one year in the study! Only eight percent of the subjects in the group that received regular care saw the same result.
What about the differences between the two groups that received the commercial weight loss treatments? The group that was using the low-carb formula experienced better blood sugar control contrasted with the subjects using the low-fat diet plan. However, when it came to the amount of weight lost, there were no significant differences experienced by either group.
So what can be concluded from this information?
Well, it has been known for some time now that calorie-reduced, commercial diet plans can work very well because they also involve a social structure, support mechanisms, convenience, and adequate follow-ups.
In my opinion, this is the reason why these types of diet plans work better compared to the standardized care model.
The standardized model of care for diabetic patients is woefully inadequate in order to account for the needs of these patients; they need much more than just a simple diet plan and a few sessions with a dietician. They need a supportive network, personalized treatment, coaching, and encouragement to be more physically active and to improve their lifestyle. They need to be empowered! That’s the key to weight loss and the fight against diabetes and obesity—personal empowerment.
Sources for Today’s Article:
Seaman, A.M., “Weight loss plan better than usual diet for diabetes patients,” Reuters Health web site, April 23, 2014; http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/23/us-weight-loss-idUSBREA3M1PE20140423.
Rock, C.L., et al., “Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Response to Differential Diet Composition in a Weight Loss Program in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial,” Diabetes Care, April 23, 2014; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760261.
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Focus stacking of a spider
Focus stacking of a spider
The recent review by Sánchez-Bayoa & Wyckhuysb (Biological Conservation 232 (2019) 8–27) concerning the Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers, makes for very sober reading.
Our sustainability statement arose as a consequence of this review. We wish to be a part of the solution, not a contributor to the problem, and any microscopy consultant working on your behalf will adhere to our sustainability protocols.
At Dowrick's Scientific Services we specialise in the photography / videography of Insects of all sizes and have photo-labs set up especially for this purpose with a variety of focus-rails, and photo-stacking options available.
We are even able to visit your site with our mobile scientific photo studio.
Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers
A B S T R A C T
Biodiversity of insects is threatened worldwide. Here, we present a comprehensive review of 73 historical reports
of insect declines from across the globe, and systematically assess the underlying drivers. Our work reveals
dramatic rates of decline that may lead to the extinction of 40% of the world's insect species over the next few
decades. In terrestrial ecosystems, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and dung beetles (Coleoptera) appear to be the
taxa most affected, whereas four major aquatic taxa (Odonata, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera) have
already lost a considerable proportion of species. Affected insect groups not only include specialists that occupy
particular ecological niches, but also many common and generalist species. Concurrently, the abundance of a
small number of species is increasing; these are all adaptable, generalist species that are occupying the vacant
niches left by the ones declining. Among aquatic insects, habitat and dietary generalists, and pollutant-tolerant
species are replacing the large biodiversity losses experienced in waters within agricultural and urban settings.
The main drivers of species declines appear to be in order of importance: i) habitat loss and conversion to
intensive agriculture and urbanisation; ii) pollution, mainly that by synthetic pesticides and fertilisers; iii)
biological factors, including pathogens and introduced species; and iv) climate change. The latter factor is
particularly important in tropical regions, but only affects a minority of species in colder climes and mountain
settings of temperate zones. A rethinking of current agricultural practices, in particular a serious reduction in
pesticide usage and its substitution with more sustainable, ecologically-based practices, is urgently needed to
slow or reverse current trends, allow the recovery of declining insect populations and safeguard the vital ecosystem
services they provide. In addition, effective remediation technologies should be applied to clean polluted
waters in both agricultural and urban environments.
Francisco Sánchez-Bayoa, Kris A.G. Wyckhuysb
Biological Conservation 232 (2019) 8–27
The entire review can be downloaded here.
All rights belong to Elsevier Publishing.
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90% of the land mass in Greenland is covered with a 3000 meter ice cap. That's over one mile thick. It is said that once you have seen the world, there is always Greenland. Population 56,901 and they are always cold. They only have a short window in the summer in which to hunt for rocks. The conditions can be brutal, but the coastlines are supposedly breathtaking. Now days they take helicopters up to the top of the slopes to search for the valuable red Tugtupite that is found nowhere else in the world. But there are other fascinating minerals there, including Nuummite, one of the oldest rocks on the planet dating back 2.5 billion years. As well as a form of Sodalite called Hackmanite. Hackmanite is a good demonstration of tenebrescence. A phenomenon in which the mineral changes its natural color after exposure to UV light. Here the mineral is basically white and then turns purple. The purple fades with exposure to natural light with varying degrees. This process can be repeated over and over. Thanks to Mark for helping me with incomplete identification where possible.
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Supernatural elements abound in John Keats’s poem. "The Eve of St. Agnes" centers on a girl, Madeleine, who dreams of her desired lover, Porphyro. He enters her bedroom and looks at her while she dreams, and then when she awakens, they flee together. Two large questions remain, however—whether the whole poem is a myth or folktale, and this event never happened; and, if it is an actual event, if the girl is dreaming the lover and their escape. The use of multiple references to supernatural states, such as enchantment and spells, and beings, such as faeries and dragons, exaggerates the mysterious effect.
The old man who admits Porphyro recommends he safeguard himself with supernatural means: “Thou must hold water in a witch's sieve, / And be liege-lord of all the Elves and Fays.” “Fay” here is another word for “fairy.”
While Porphyro enters Madeleine’s room and watches her, he sees fairies on her coverlet and that
pale enchantment held her sleepy-ey'd....
'twas a midnight charm....
It seem'd he never, never could redeem
From such a stedfast spell his lady's eyes.
He mentions the legendary sorcerer Merlin, who fought a Demon. Then, rather than just watching her, Porphyro joins into that enchanted state: “Into her dream he melted, as the rose / Blendeth its odour with the violet." When she wakes up, Madeleine sees him but wonders if she is still dreaming, saying he looks “immortal” more than human. She frets that he will leave her.
After they flee the palace, which is guarded by dragons, the narrative switches away from them and emphasizes that these events happened “ages long ago.” The poem states that “These lovers fled away into the storm,” but earlier, Porphyro had called it “an elfin-storm from faery land,” implying that the whole episode may be unreal.
Finally, the action switches to the Baron who lives in the palace, who “dreamt of many a woe.” Not only he but his guests have long nightmares featuring images “Of witch, and demon, and large coffin-worm.” These associations with the supernatural and death further suggest that the story does not depict a dream or fabulous tale rather than real events.
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How to transform your clothes washing habits to have less of an environmental impact.
Extending the life span of a garment is becoming increasingly important in the fight against increasing waste on our planet. However, for a piece of clothing to last it can’t escape the wash cycle and herein lies further complications. Today, many of our washing habits are causing harm to our waterways and use excessive amounts of energy. Fortunately, these harmful habits can be easily transformed to green habits, with the added bonus of saving some precious time:
The Issue: Water consumption
According to Energy Star, an average household completes around 400 loads of washing a year, using over 51,000 litres of water. All this from just one household! Reducing water consumption is one very simple way to save both water and time.
How to Counteract High Water Consumption:
Wait for a Full Load: Saving up your dirty clothes for the week and washing them in one big load (as opposed to two or three smaller loads) arrests the unnecessary overuse of water. This also saves time - an added bonus.
Use Size Cycles: Many washing machines have this option and it is incredibly useful. If a small wash is unavoidable, put your machine on a small load cycle and help save precious H2O.
The Issue: Detergent and Waterways
We all need clean clothes. Unfortunately, detergents, even bio detergents, can be poisonous to underwater life. Integral layers of mucus which protect fish from parasites and bacteria can be stripped away by the detergents being released into our waterways.
How to Counteract Pollutants entering Waterways:
Soap Nuts: These are a handy, natural and cheap alternative to detergents. You can easily add these to your wash. Simply wrap 4-6 soap nuts in some fabric scraps and place them in your machine. Soap nuts can be purchased through individual companies, such as SoapNuts, or on larger platforms including Amazon.
The Beauty of Spot Cleaning: Spot cleaning can prevent unnecessary laundry loads. Furthermore, using natural products can reduce the reliance upon detergents. Some great household alternatives include lemon, which can help to scrub the underarms of garments and baking soda, which can help with spot stain removal.
The Issue: Microfibres
Modern garments are often manufactured from a range of synthetic fibres. Some are riddled with harmful plastics such as polyester, polyamide, acrylic and nylon. When these garments are washed, millions of plastic microfibres are shed. Some are minute enough to leave the washing machine, pass through wastewater treatment plants and enter straight into our oceans, harming our waterways.
How to Counteract Microfibres:
Wash less: Many people wash their garments too regularly. If it’s not soiled to the point of requiring a wash, re-wear your item. This will reduce the release of microfibres and save time as a bonus.
Get a Guppy Friend: A Guppy Friend is an easy to use bag that can be placed in your machine to collect any microfibres that try to go astray. This product has been scientifically proven to prevent microfibres from entering our waterways.
The Issue: Energy, Energy, Energy
It’s not just the washing machine that is damaging the environment. Other culprits include dryers and irons, both of which use excessive amounts of energy. Selecting hot water when washing can also use substantial amounts of energy. In fact, 75% of the entire energy used for a wash cycle is used to heat up the water.
How to Counteract Energy Consumption:
Hang Clothes Straight Away: The water retained in your freshly washed garments can help to eradicate wrinkles, lessening the need for ironing. Water in a garment pulls down and out of the fabrication, using gravity to remove wrinkles. When drying fabrications such as linen, don’t do a final spin, instead leave some water in the garment creating more ‘pull power’ to expel those wrinkles.
Dry in the Great Outdoors: When possible use the sun and breeze – these have the added advantage of making your garments that enticingly bit fresher.
Folding Fun: When folding your clothes, ensure your fold line is where you want a crease, such as on a side seam. This eliminates the need to iron unnecessary creases out later. The way you store your garments can also form a natural press for your clothes. Place items that wrinkle more readily under other garments, allowing those on top to eliminate any creases.
Use Cold Water: Selecting cold water in a wash cycle saves energy. This has other benefits for clothing, such as retaining colour fastness (a material's colour resistance to fading or running) and reducing shrinkage - both of which lead to longer lasting garments and therefore means there is less of a need for new garments!
Challenge yourself to try some of these suggestions, knowing that just a few small changes can make a big difference to our precious environment – and our limited time.
Words: Alana Flood
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Climate change is severely impacting our food systems, making it increasingly challenging to provide food security and healthy diets for all people. At the same time, food systems contribute 25–30% of all greenhouse gas emissions. The livestock sector alone contributes about half of these GHGs, and has a large land and water footprint.
The livestock sector is also the fastest growing agricultural sector in Africa and other parts of the Global South, where access to healthy, affordable milk, meat, and egg remains low. Clearly food system adaptation, including in the livestock sector, must deliver both mitigation and healthy diets.
The CGIAR’s 2023 Achieving Agriculture Breakthrough report identifies seven key technological areas and approaches for driving real change in the agriculture sector. Three of these are related to livestock: reducing methane emissions from livestock, livestock breeding for climate resilience, and alternative proteins to replace traditional animal-source proteins.
The third seminar of the CGIAR Policy Seminar Series on Strengthening Food Systems will delve into findings and recommendations around sustainable livestock technologies, healthy diets, methane emissions, and alternative proteins, including promising initiatives and technologies that can be pursued to address climate change and healthy diets.
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20 Fun Facts About the US Flag
Fun Fact File: US History!
The Stars and Stripes, with its iconic colors and patterns, has long been a symbol of freedom in the United States and all over the world. But the US flag we're familiar with today has only been around since 1959. Before that, the flag took on many different arrangements. Readers will learn about the many versions of the US flag that came before our current version. Colorful, patriotic photographs aid readers in understanding the text, as do informative graphic organizers.
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What Is Open Bite And How To Treat It
There are a wide variety of dental issues that can affect a person as they age. From teeth drifting out of place to wisdom teeth overcrowding your mouth. Certain dental issues can easily be fixed while others may require a bit of change in your habits. One of the dental issues that can happen, especially as a child grows and gets their adult teeth is an open bite. An open bite can be caused by a wide variety of habits, and usually occurs in children and young adults. If you would like to learn more about open bite treatments or any other dental care needs, contact Gruelle Dempsey Orthodontics today. Our industry-leading team of dental experts is happy to walk you through your custom-built dental plan to make sure you are informed and well taken care of every step of the way. Here is some basic information on open bites and how to treat them.
What is an Open Bite?
An open bite is a condition that occurs when outward pressure is applied to an individual’s teeth causing the upper and lower teeth to tilt outwards, it can also be caused by different growth patterns and is due to genetics in some cases. Severe open bites leave a large gap between the front teeth when the jaw is closed and the back teeth are touching. There is a variety of reasons a person can develop an open bite including the following:
Pacifier & Thumb Sucking. Children who are getting their adult teeth and are still sucking a pacifier or habitually suck their thumb can cause their teeth to push outward from the constant pressure of the suction causing the anterior open bite.
Tongue Thrusting. Certain people will push their tongue between their upper and lower teeth when they talk or swallow. This pressure over time causes the teeth to push outwards and is about as common in adults as it is in children.
TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint Disorder). Those this is a less common cause, people who suffer from TMJ will sometimes separate their teeth with their tongue in order to relieve the general pain in their mouth, causing an open bite due to overerruption of the posterior teeth.
Skeletal & Other Issues. Certain jaw structures grow apart instead of parallel, which can cause a slanting of the teeth and a down and back growth pattern of the lower jaw(ie-long skinny faces and sometimes known as adenoid faces). An open bite can also be caused by trauma and other dental issues.
What are my Treatment Options?
Depending on the severity of your open bite, there are a wide variety of treatments that you can choose from. Regardless of the treatment you choose, you will have to alter or change the behavior that is causing your open bite in order to ensure that your teeth remain straights. Here at Gruelle Dempsey Orthodontics, we often treat open bite cases with Invisalign (this has become the gold standard of treating anterior open bites in the orthodontic world). We are proud to be in the top five Invisalign providers in the globe, and we are constantly staying on the cutting edge of these miraculous aligners’ capabilities. If your case is extremely severe, though it is very rare, you may have to have a combination of orthodontics along with orthodontic surgery.
If you or your child is suffering from an open bite, come into Gruelle Dempsey Orthodontics today. We are also happy to provide virtual appointments to help assess your needs before you ever set foot in our offices. Contact us today to schedule your appointment.
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://www.gruelleorthodontics.com/what-is-open-bite-and-how-to-treat-it/
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| 0.956179 | 733 | 3.015625 | 3 |
In 1854, Ferdinand de Lesseps, the former French consul to Cairo, secured an agreement with the Ottoman governor of Egypt to build a canal 100 miles across the Isthmus of Suez. An international team of engineers drew up a construction plan, and in 1856 the Suez Canal Company was formed and granted the right to operate the canal for 99 years after completion of the work.
Construction began in April 1859, and at first digging was done by hand with picks and shovels wielded by forced laborers. Later, European workers with dredgers and steam shovels arrived. Labor disputes and a cholera epidemic slowed construction, and the Suez Canal was not completed until 1869–four years behind schedule. On November 17, 1869, the Suez Canal was opened to navigation. Ferdinand de Lesseps would later attempt, unsuccessfully, to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama.
When it opened, the Suez Canal was only 25 feet deep, 72 feet wide at the bottom, and 200 to 300 feet wide at the surface. Consequently, fewer than 500 ships navigated it in its first full year of operation. Major improvements began in 1876, however, and the canal soon grew into the one of the world’s most heavily traveled shipping lanes. In 1875, Great Britain became the largest shareholder in the Suez Canal Company when it bought up the stock of the new Ottoman governor of Egypt. Seven years later, in 1882, Britain invaded Egypt, beginning a long occupation of the country. The Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936 made Egypt virtually independent, but Britain reserved rights for the protection of the canal.
After World War II, Egypt pressed for evacuation of British troops from the Suez Canal Zone, and in July 1956 Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the canal, hoping to charge tolls that would pay for construction of a massive dam on the Nile River. In response, Israel invaded in late October, and British and French troops landed in early November, occupying the canal zone. Under pressure from the United Nations, Britain and France withdrew in December, and Israeli forces departed in March 1957. That month, Egypt took control of the canal and reopened it to commercial shipping.
Ten years later, Egypt shut down the canal again following the Six Day War and Israel’s occupation of the Sinai Peninsula. For the next eight years, the Suez Canal, which separates the Sinai from the rest of Egypt, existed as the front line between the Egyptian and Israeli armies. In 1975, Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat reopened the Suez Canal as a gesture of peace after talks with Israel. Today, dozens of ships navigate the canal daily, carrying more than 300 million tons of goods a year.
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https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/suez-canal-opens
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| 0.953616 | 563 | 4.03125 | 4 |
The way we design our cities influences people’s physical activity and nutrition behaviours, which in turn affects chronic disease. Obesity is one of the most significant health burdens we face as a country, but very little has changed over the last 20 years. People must live in an environment that is conducive to healthy decisions to maximise the possibility of widespread and long-term behaviour change. This research will combine geographic datasets with New Zealand Health Survey data (n = 18,000 participants) to show how the built environment affects both physical activity and nutrition behaviours, and how these behaviours help to explain the link between the environment and obesity. A novel modelling tool will be produced that can predict how future urban planning decisions will affect the behaviour and health of communities.
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://www.hrc.govt.nz/resources/research-repository/environmental-determinants-national-physical-activity-and-nutrition
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en
| 0.938344 | 149 | 3 | 3 |
Crows, with their complex vocalization system, possess an impressive ability to communicate with one another. Although they may not speak in the same way humans do, they can produce an array of sounds, ranging from calls and croaks to caws. In fact, crows are skilled mimickers and can imitate not only other bird species but also animals and even humans. Utilizing a variety of vocalizations, such as alarm calls, food calls, territorial calls, and mating calls, these intelligent creatures transmit crucial information about potential threats, food sources, territory defense, and the attraction of potential mates. With distinct regional dialects and a mix of contextual and non-contextual calls, each sound conveys different emotions or situations. The number of caws in a sequence can even communicate an added layer of meaning. Ultimately, crows adeptly use their complex language skills to navigate their ever-changing and highly social environment, showcasing their adaptability and problem-solving abilities.
Crows’ vocalization system
Crows have a complex vocalization system that allows them to communicate with each other. While they may not be able to “talk” like humans, they possess the ability to make a wide range of sounds, including calls, croaks, and caws. Their vocalizations serve various purposes and convey different meanings or emotions.
Wide range of sounds
One of the fascinating aspects of crows’ vocalization system is their ability to produce a wide range of sounds. Their repertoire includes not only the iconic “caw,” but also clicks, rattles, croaks, and companion calls. This variety of sounds enables them to convey different messages and emotions, adding depth to their communication.
Impressive sound mimickers
Crows are known for their impressive sound mimicking abilities. They can mimic the sounds of other birds, animals, and even humans. This mimicry not only showcases their ability to imitate a wide array of sounds but also allows them to blend in with other species or imitate potential threats, giving them a strategic advantage in their environment.
Variety of vocalizations
Crows communicate using a variety of vocalizations. Some common types of crow calls include alarm calls, food calls, territorial calls, and mating calls. Each type of call serves a distinct purpose and conveys specific information to other crows in their community.
Similar to how humans have regional accents, crows have regional dialects in their vocalizations. Depending on their geographic location, crows may have variations in the types of calls used and the way they are produced. This regional diversity adds another layer to their communication system, reflecting their adaptability and ability to thrive in different environments.
Contextual and non-contextual calls
Crows use both contextual and non-contextual calls in their vocalizations. Contextual calls convey information about specific situations, such as the presence of a predator or the location of food. Non-contextual calls, on the other hand, have a fixed meaning regardless of the situation. This distinction allows crows to communicate effectively in various contexts and adapt their messages accordingly.
Types of crow calls
Crows employ different types of calls to fulfill various communication purposes. Understanding these calls provides insight into their behavior and social dynamics.
Alarm calls are one of the most recognizable types of crow vocalizations. When crows sense potential threats or predators in their surroundings, they emit a series of sharp and repetitive calls. These alarm calls serve as warning signals to their fellow crows, alerting them to the presence of danger.
When crows discover a food source, they emit distinctive calls to share information with other members of their community. These food calls act as an invitation to join in on the feast and serve as a means of cooperation and social bonding among crows.
Crows are highly territorial birds, and they use vocalizations to defend their territory. Territorial calls often consist of a series of repetitive caws and are intended to warn neighboring crows to stay away. By asserting their presence audibly, crows establish boundaries and maintain control over their territory.
During the breeding season, crows engage in elaborate vocal displays to attract potential mates. These mating calls are characterized by a combination of various sounds, including caws, croaks, and clicks. The complexity and diversity of these calls reflect the importance of vocal communication in courtship rituals among crows.
Crows use their vocalizations to fulfill a range of communication purposes, allowing them to navigate their complex social environment effectively.
Conveying information about threats
One of the primary purposes of crow vocalizations is to convey information about potential threats. Alarm calls alert other crows to the presence of predators, enabling them to take evasive action and ensure their collective safety. By communicating these threats, crows develop a sense of community and work together to protect themselves from harm.
Sharing information about food sources
Crows are also adept at sharing information about food sources through vocalizations. When one crow discovers a plentiful food supply, it emits specific calls to attract others to the location. In this way, crows cooperate and engage in communal feeding behaviors, fostering social bonds and ensuring the survival of the group.
Territorial calls play a crucial role in the defense of a crow’s territory. By vocalizing their presence and dominance, crows communicate their ownership and warn potential intruders to stay away. These territorial interactions are essential for maintaining boundaries and preventing conflicts over resources.
During the breeding season, crows utilize their vocalizations to attract potential mates. Mating calls serve as a means of advertising their fitness and desirability. The complexity and diversity of these vocal displays demonstrate the importance of vocal communication in mate selection and reproductive success among crows.
Variety of crow sounds
Crows’ vocal repertoire encompasses a variety of sounds, each with its own unique meaning and purpose.
Clicking or rattling
Crows possess the ability to produce clicking or rattling sounds as part of their vocalizations. These sounds can convey a sense of curiosity, playfulness, or even irritability. Clicking or rattling vocalizations often occur during social interactions or when crows encounter novel objects in their environment.
The iconic “caw” is perhaps the most commonly recognized sound associated with crows. Cawing can serve multiple purposes, including territorial defense, alarm calls, or attracting mates. The intensity, pitch, and duration of caws can convey additional information about the emotional state and intention of the crow emitting the call.
Companion calls are a form of vocalization used by crows to maintain contact and coordinate with other members of their group. These calls serve a social bonding function and help ensure the cohesion and unity of the crow community. Companion calls are often soft, low-pitched, and melodious, reflecting the affiliative nature of these vocalizations.
Meaning in crow sounds
Crows’ vocalizations convey not only specific information but also emotions, intentions, and contextual situations.
Additional meaning in the number of caws
The number of caws in a sequence can sometimes convey additional meaning. For example, a rapid succession of caws may indicate a sense of alarm or warning. Conversely, a series of slower and spaced-out caws may signify a more relaxed or contented state. By varying the number and rhythm of their caws, crows express a range of emotions and intentions.
Conveying emotions and intentions
Crows use their vocalizations to express a wide range of emotions, from alarm and aggression to playfulness and contentment. The pitch, duration, and intensity of their calls provide cues about their emotional state and intention. For instance, high-pitched caws may reflect excitement or distress, whereas low-pitched calls may signify aggression or territoriality.
Conveying specific situations
Contextual calls enable crows to communicate information about specific situations. For example, when crows encounter a potential threat, they emit alarm calls that are distinct from their normal vocalizations. These contextual cues allow other crows to assess the level of danger and respond accordingly. By adapting their vocalizations to different situations, crows effectively convey pertinent information to their peers.
Crows’ intelligence and adaptability
Crows’ complex vocalization system is a testament to their intelligence and adaptability.
Complex language skills
The sophisticated vocal repertoire of crows showcases their ability to communicate effectively within their social groups. Their language skills include not only a wide range of sounds but also clear contextual cues and the ability to convey complex information. This complexity suggests a high level of cognitive ability and linguistic comprehension.
High level of intelligence
Crows are renowned for their high level of intelligence. They have demonstrated problem-solving abilities, tool usage and making, and the ability to observe and learn from their environments. Their advanced vocal and cognitive abilities reflect their adaptability and flexible intelligence, enabling them to thrive in a variety of habitats and social contexts.
Tool usage and making
One remarkable aspect of crows’ intelligence is their ability to use and make tools. They have been observed fashioning tools from various materials to accomplish tasks such as obtaining food. This tool-making behavior highlights their problem-solving abilities and resourcefulness, indicating a level of cognitive sophistication beyond what is typically seen in animals.
Crows’ intelligence is further exemplified by their exceptional problem-solving skills. They have been observed applying logic, reasoning, and creative thinking to overcome challenges. For example, they can use tools to extract food from hard-to-reach places or devise strategies to outsmart predators. These problem-solving abilities highlight their adaptability and resourcefulness in ever-changing environments.
Crows’ vocalizations play a vital role in their social interactions and group dynamics.
Establishing social bonds
Crows use vocalizations to establish and maintain social bonds within their community. Companion calls, for instance, serve as a means of emotional connection and coordination among group members. By vocalizing and responding to each other’s calls, crows strengthen their social bonds and reinforce their sense of belonging.
Territorial calls help crows defend their territories and communicate dominance to potential intruders. These vocalizations serve as a means of maintaining order and minimizing conflicts over resources. By clearly delineating their boundaries through vocal communication, crows establish a stable social hierarchy within their communities.
Navigating the environment
Vocalizations also play a role in crows’ navigation of their environment. Crows often communicate with each other to convey information about landmarks, food sources, and potential hazards. By vocalizing their experiences and observations, crows assist each other in efficiently navigating their surroundings and optimizing their survival strategies.
One of the most intriguing aspects of crows’ social communication is their behavior known as “crow funerals.” When a crow dies, other crows gather around the deceased individual and emit unique vocalizations, seemingly paying their respects. This behavior suggests a level of empathy and an understanding of the significance of death within the crow community.
In conclusion, crows’ vocalization system is a complex and intricate means of communication. Their impressive range of sounds, including mimicking abilities, regional dialects, and contextual calls, allows them to convey information about threats, food sources, territory defense, and mating. Crows’ intelligence, adaptability, and problem-solving abilities are reflected in their sophisticated language skills and social communication. Through vocalizations, they establish social bonds, defend territories, navigate their environment, and even engage in behavior suggestive of empathy. The study of crows’ vocalizations provides valuable insights into their highly social and intelligent nature.
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Life in the Clouds! Adventures, altitude and climate in Guatemala is about action-tours, volcanoes, weather and life in Guatemala.
Descending from the clouds into the Aurora International Airport, a bumpy landing signifies high altitude, strong winds, and low air pressure.
Situated at an elevation of 1,500 metres, Guatemala is a mountainous country where volcanoes dominate the skyline. From above, the land of the Republic is endlessly green, and it’s easy to see why its name derives from the ancient Mayan for “place of many trees.”
In Guatemala, the jade gem stone can be found, its emerald tones naturally compliment the landscape. The rich soil, fertilised with volcanic minerals, produces coffee and a mass of tropical fruits, many of which grow freely.
The country is renowned for action adventures and natural attractions, from black-sand beaches to sky-skimming summits. Famous for the ancient Mayan ruins of Tikal, and the cascades of Semuc Champey, it’s an explorer’s rapture.
Visitors can find a plethora of high-speed activities like ATV tours, paragliding, jet skis, helicopter rides, and canopy zip lines.
The country is positioned on the ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’ that crosses Central America, and is where the majority of the world’s seismic activity, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions take place. There are four active volcanoes in Guatemala alone.
Adventures on the Ring of Fire
Thousands of daring travellers arrive in Guatemala and head to the colonial city of Antigua Guatemala, in hopes of tackling the high-adrenaline, Volcán de Acatenango volcano trek. This is a 3,500-meter ascent above the coastal plain to witness up-close eruptions of the nearby Volcán de Fuego (Fire volcano).
Arriving on the cobbled streets of Antigua, there’s energy in the air. The many mysterious ruins allude to a past tormented by nature. The UNESCO protected city is surrounded by 3 volcanoes; Acatenango, Agua and Fuego, and historically bore witness to life-changing catastrophes like floods, earthquakes and eruptions.
The extinct Volcán de Agua (Water Volcano) towers over Antigua, changing colour with the seasons. Its early lava paths, ripple down green slopes, and it’s often wrapped in lenticular cloud formations.
In contrast, the active Fuego volcano is green at the base but dark-grey and barren at the summit, with plumes of red, rose, and orange ash streaming down the funnel. Fuego’s eruptions throw lava into the air and make window-shaking sonic booms that can be felt for miles.
The volcano treks are unforgettable challenges above the clouds, with breath-taking, panoramic views and top-of-the-world sensations. The best visibility and conditions are from November to April. There are 37 volcanoes in Guatemala, and many can be hiked.
But extreme altitudes are not for the faint of heart. At 2,500 metres altitude sickness can occur, so it’s recommended to acclimatise a night or two before climbing. The temperatures on the volcanoes can change during ascent, and visitors might find themselves continuously adding or removing layers. At the peaks, the volcanoes can be bitterly cold with high winds.
Extreme weather and natural phenomenon, like electrical storms and hurricanes, are patterned around Guatemala, and it’s not uncommon to feel the ground tremble. The largest, most recent temblor was 6.8 magnitude, occurring in the middle of the night and lasting for around 30 seconds. The shake caused significant damage to roads and buildings.
Living at altitude
To put it in perspective, the highest point in the UK, Ben Nevis Mountain in Scotland, is 1,345 metres. Antigua, Guatemala, sits at 1,538 metres. UK and other lowland visitors shouldn’t be surprised if they feel the effects of altitude travelling here.
With the change in altitude and climate, there are also notable differences in day-to-day living: food doesn’t last as long, condiments congeal, and carbonised drinks go flat because of low air pressure. Outdoors, materials disintegrate and clothes wear thin when left in the scorching sun. There’s evident volcanic ash in the air, and allergies, colds, and bugs are common.
Visitors might find their ears regularly ‘pop’ on wild road trips, and it’s ordinary to be more short of breath than usual, especially hiking.
The most extreme scientific discovery of living at height, is that time actually passes faster than at lower ground. Research and experiments have proved the scientific theory of time dilation, which says time moves faster at high altitudes.
The land of eternal spring
Guatemala’s weather is said to be continually comfortable, and it’s deemed “the land of eternal spring.” However, there are many microclimates, that can noticeably vary from cool to tropical, and due to the elevation of the country, strong winds come and go.
Guatemala is home to 14 eco-regions, including an extensive mangrove network and the Maya Biosphere Reserve in Petén, the second largest forest in Central America.
From November to March, the climate is warm, or hot, but the temperatures drop at night. Then from April through October is the rainy season, when it can still be hot but showers, downpours, and cooler temperatures are regular.
During the rainy season, roads turn to rivers, metal roofs leak, and life grinds to a halt as people shelter from passing downpours. Street goers are drenched in seconds, and buses splash through streams. In these months, home and car owners face a variety of rain-induced repairs.
The walls, terraces and pathways are overrun by creepers, that consume buildings in a matter of weeks. Bright hummingbirds hover around Jade and Trumpet vines, that explode with vibrant turquoise and orange, while Bougainvillea burst red, purple and fuchsia.
Clouds and mists sweep down from the luscious mountains, fireflies light up the trees, and their glow-worm larvae shine like LEDs. But the rainy season is also when mosquitoes get hungry, flying critters emerge from their nests in the walls, and centipedes, scorpions, and spiders come in search of shelter.
The ‘Canicula’ weather phenomenon normally occurs in July and provides a short respite from the rainy season. It’s an annual period of increased temperature, due to excessive heating of the air and low precipitation, usually lasting a couple of weeks. It provides a window of opportunity for clear conditions.
November brings in the milder winter months, when the skies glow with spectacular sunsets.
In the clouds
Life at altitude is full of heady experiences; it’s unpredictable and untamed. From the pines, cloud forests, and thick tropical jungles to cascading waterfalls, sandy beaches, and crater lagoons.
The high and winding roads through untouched terrain, take many on epic discoveries. It’s not that there’s something in the water, but there could be something in the air.
The people of Guatemala embody the essence of their country in lively ceremonies, festivals, and colourful traditions. In Antigua, the sun falls behind the volcanoes, church bells ring, and fireworks accompany nightly fiestas, lit by lava and the galaxy.
Tourists from the lowlands are fine here, and can enjoy incredible scenery and awe-inspiring travel experiences. The extremes of Guatemala are not for everybody, but if embraced, they can lead to unforgettable high-altitude and high-octane moments.
Would you like to visit Guatemala? Tell us in the comments* or if you’re planning a trip check out these cool hostels!
*we never save, store, share or use your email data
All text ©J. Thomson, 2022
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| 0.910953 | 1,717 | 2.671875 | 3 |
TAJ FOR HUSBAND
One of the seven wonders of the world, the original Taj Mahal, attracted (before the pandemic) nearly 40,000-70,000 tourists on a daily basis! Synonymous as the symbol of love worldwide, here’s a looking at its much less popular cousin in the same city, John Hessing’s tomb or The Red Taj Mahal built by a wife in the memory of her husband.
WHO IS JOHN HESSING?
John William Hessing was born in Utrecht, Holland, in 1739, and came to India as a 24- year-old, after having served in the Dutch East India Company in Ceylon. He served under the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas and was later given the command of the first two battalions of the newly raised Scindia army. Disagreement with the French commander of Scindia’s forces compelled Hessing to resign his commission. However, Hessing had fought several battles for Maharaja Mahadji Scindia who had also taken a liking for him. The Maharaja made him the head of his Khas Risala (personal bodyguard). Even after his in 1794, Hessing continued to serve under Maharaja Daulat Rao Scindia. He had earned the reputation of being a loyal, brave soldier and a kind man. When he could no longer actively serve due to ill-health, Hessing was made the commandant of Agra Fort by Scindia. He died in 1803 on the battlefield trying to defend the fort. He was buried in the Roman Catholic cemetery, once the sole cemetery used for catholic burials for all of North India, and continues to preserve remains of eminent English soldiers, Italian jewelers, Armenian merchants today. Devastated and heartbroken by her husband’s death, his wife Anne Hessing commissioned this monument in the memory of her husband. The tomb was designed to look like the Taj Mahal but in red sandstone, costing a whopping Rs 100,000 then. The outer mausoleum contains a crypt that holds the grave, kept under lock and key by a guard who unlocks it for visitors. The minarets couldn’t be replicated for the lack of funds, but the red sandstone structure is a close replica of the original Taj Mahal.
Four slender minarets are attached to the main tomb, about 29 feet in height. Square cupolas sit on each of the minarets crowned by pinnacles. The double dome crowning the tomb has an inverted lotus and a Kalash finial on its top. There are octagonal platforms attached to its nearly 11 feet tall base, on all four corners. One can ascend the terrace via twin stairways from the western side of the platform. The tomb has a massive iwan with two slender guldastas on each face of the tomb. There is a finely carved panel running along the edge on the top and around the drum of the dome. Marble panels at the main entrance have inscriptions in Persian. Like all Mughal tombs, the actual grave is underneath. There is a stone cenotaph in the centre of the interior chamber with inscriptions in English. The ground level is surrounded by jaali screens on all sides and has doors to the taikhana (underground chamber).
But the memorial is cracking up for lack of repairs. There are many other graves in the
corridor outside the crypt. “Without a doubt, the Red Taj is the star attraction of the
cemetery”, says a local guide. According to Mathura: A District Memoir by F.S. Growse, a
French traveller named Victor Jacquemont, who visited Agra in 1830, had said that the
Taj, though pretty, was hardly elegant and that the only pure specimen of oriental
architecture was the tomb of John Hessing in the Catholic Cemetery. There is no doubt
that Jacquemont was talking of the time when the Taj Mahal had fallen into disrepair;
though the Hessing’s tomb is elegant, arguably Jacquemont’s views are far fetched
even when comparing it to the derelict Taj Mahal of the nineteenth century. Nonetheless,
Fanny Parkes in her journal Begum, Thugs and White Mughals, describes the Hessing
tomb as “a beautiful mausoleum” which is “well worth a visit”. It was built by a “native
architect, by the name Lateef, in imitation of the ancient Mohammedan tombs”. She
writes: “The tomb is beautiful, very beautiful and in excellent taste.”
The Hessings are still living and working in India, according to The Statesmen. The Red
Taj Mahal is perhaps one of the best examples of cultural amalgamation, where the west
imbibed the ways of the east, in diet, clothing, even in expressing affection for the
(Labelling on the image is by the author)
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://www.karwaanheritage.in/post/taj-for-husband
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| 0.955957 | 1,065 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Colorful animals and spinning disks attract young readers to this board book.
Five disks decorated with a different animal symbol on each side spin on a rod embedded in a cutout on the right side of the cover; within, they appear on the left-hand side of each spread. Critters on the disks correspond to the colors introduced in the book but otherwise have no direct relation to the 10 animals introduced within. Each animal is one of the featured hues, with a penguin on a disk and a zebra in the book representing both white and black. Whimsically decorated backgrounds are in related tints. Four-line stanzas describe each animal, with its color named in large black type. Above the spinner is an invitation: “Spin to find!” Adults sharing the book must rotate it to read the question prompts printed up one side of each rectangular cutout. Young children may struggle to catch on to the game, choosing instead to use the die-cut openings as handles to turn the pages. Strong toddlers may detach the rod, making the rod and disks potential hazards and the “3 & up” publisher’s age designation particularly meaningful. Busy Day (published simultaneously) uses the same format, following a stylized lion and cub through a human child’s typical day. Its spinners depict similarly shaped objects to match to 10 featured shapes. More manipulative toy than book, this novelty might be good for solo sharing or silent play for younger preschoolers fidgeting during nap time.
More fidget toy than learning tool.(Board book. 3-4)
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/lauren-crisp/animal-world-crisp/print/
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| 0.916911 | 328 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Background to the conflict
In order to understand the source of the conflict, and how it could develop, we must look at the 2006 Israeli-Lebanese war. Between 12 July and 14 August 2006, Israel waged war on Hezbollah positions in southern Lebanon and the Lebanese capital Beirut, by land, air and sea. Over the 34 days of the conflict, Israel carried out thousands of airstrikes, while Hezbollah fired missiles into northern Israel.
The conflict was sparked-off when, on 12 July 2006, Hezbollah operatives crossed the Israel-Lebanon border to ambush an Israeli military vehicle that was on patrol. Three Israeli soldiers were killed and two were captured. When Israel sent a rescue mission into Lebanon in an attempt to find the captives, five more soldiers were killed. Context to the attack includes the conflict related to Sheba’a Farms, a small stretch of land bordering Israel, Syria and Lebanon, which Israel controls but Hezbollah claims are Lebanese. Hezbollah spokespersons described the kidnapping as a strategy to secure the release of Lebanese and Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails. Israel refused. Instead, it launched large-scale ground and air attacks on Lebanon. It also imposed an air and naval blockade on the country. Israeli airstrikes targeted Hezbollah military positions as well as extensive civilian infrastructure, including Beirut airport, TV and radio stations and schools. HRW reported that “Israeli warplanes launched some 7,000 bomb and missile strikes in Lebanon.”
During the 34-day war that followed, Israel’s military actions targeted Lebanese infrastructure and Hezbollah bases and also widely damaged civilian areas, killing at least 1,109 Lebanese (the vast majority civilians) and displacing an estimated one million. In retaliation, Hezbollah fired missiles into Israel, most of which were Katyusha missiles first used by the Soviet Union in World War II. On 16 July, eight Israel Railways employees were killed by rockets which hit the Haifa train depot. Other northern Israeli cities were also hit, including Safed, Nazareth and Afula. On 30 July, the Israeli Air Force bombed the village of Qana in southern Lebanon, killing 28 civilians, of which 16 were children; 13 people were reported missing.
An international outcry followed the 2006 attack, with Israel coming under extensive criticism from the international community for its targeting of civilians, and a United Nations-brokered ceasefire went into effect on August 14, 2006, though the Israeli naval blockade of Lebanon lasted until September 8. Hezbollah remained largely intact after the war, despite Israel’s stated goal of neutralizing the party.
An Israeli government panel, called the Winograd Committee, concluded that the war had been a “big and serious failure” for Israel. Meanwhile, Hezbollah leader Nasrallah declared that Hezbollah had achieved a “divine, historic and strategic victory”. International observers saw the fact that Hezbollah had survived the Israeli assault, despite the asymmetrical power balance, as a PR victory for the group. The war was a big hit to the Lebanese economy, as the Lebanese government estimated direct war damage at $2.8 billion, and lost output and income for 2006 at $2.2 billion. The economy also shrank five per cent, with tourism effectively halted.
Israel reinforces Lebanese border
In the latest rise in tensions, Israel has said it is sending military reinforcements to its northern frontier after Lebanon-based Hezbollah threatened retaliation over the killing of one of its members in an attack in Syria earlier this week. The Israeli army said on its Twitter account on Thursday that the move was “in accordance with a situational assessment”. The Hezbollah-run broadcaster al-Manar identified the man killed in Monday’s air raid near Damascus International Airport as Ali Kamel Mohsen. The attack also killed four other foreign fighters and was widely attributed to Israel, which has carried out dozens of aerial assaults against what it says are Iranian-aligned fighters inside Syria.
Iran-backed Hezbollah has vowed in the past to retaliate for any fighter that Israel kills in Syria. The group fired a barrage of anti-tank missiles into Israel on Sept. 1 last year after two of its fighters were killed in an Israeli airstrike near Damascus days earlier. That prompted a reprisal of heavy Israeli artillery fire in a rare burst of fighting between the bitter enemies.
Israel did not comment on this week’s strike and generally refrains from discussing its activities in neighbouring Syria. But it is believed to have carried out hundreds of strikes against pro-Iranian forces during the nearly decade-long civil war.
Hezbollah legislator Sheikh Hassan Ezzedine said during Mohsen’s funeral that “the war between us and this enemy (Israel) will continue and this path that the martyrs have taken with their blood will continue”.
After Syria’s war broke out almost 10 years ago, Hezbollah threw its weight behind President Bashar al-Assad, with thousands of its fighters travelling to Syria. Tehran has sent thousands of Iran-backed fighters in the past years to fight alongside Syrian government forces. Israel views Iran as a regional menace and has vowed to prevent any permanent Iranian military buildup in Syria, particularly near its frontier.
The latest buildup of Israeli forces on the Lebanese border is a warning sign, that tensions could once again rise between the 2 nations, with both Israel and Hezbollah having the capability to spark a cross-border war.
Will another war break out?
As tensions rise, and Israel has sent reinforcements to its northern border with Lebanon, it is clear that a response is coming, probably from Lebanon. Depending on the scale of the response, it could be the spark of another war.
Over the last several days, Hezbollah supporters have put up hundreds of social media posts vowing revenge. This kinds of rhetoric of “revenge” is similar to Iran’s claims that it will avenge the death of IRGC commander Qasem Soleimani, who the US killed in early January. Hezbollah cut three holes in the northern border fence in April, after the group accused Israel of an airstrike on a vehicle containing Hezbollah members near the Lebanese border that month. The cutting of holes was designed to show that Hezbollah can strike at any place of its choosing. It wanted to show it can approach the fence easily and that it has carved out these avenues of approach while remaining hidden.
Furthermore, this is not an isolated situation, as tensions, in general, are high due to Israel’s planned annexation of Palestinian lands. Nasrallah vowed to prevent Israel’s annexation of parts of the West Bank. “We support the Palestinian people and its leadership, and are ready to do anything to block and prevent the annexation plan,” said Hassan Nasrallah. “We must stand alongside our brothers, the Palestinians, as one people, as a nation and a resistance,” Nasrallah said. He was speaking on a Hezbollah TV broadcast to mark the anniversary of the start of the Second Lebanon War.
In recent years, the Lebanese Hezbollah militia has amassed an enormous arsenal of surface-to-surface missiles and rockets. With Iran’s help, the group is continually improving the accuracy and range of this arsenal so it can threaten Israel in any future war. On June 21, Hezbollah released a propaganda video in which it claimed it could hit several major Israeli cities with precision-guided missiles. The clip showed coordinates of Israeli targets with accompanying audio of the group’s leader, Hassan Nasrallah, threatening Israel. “Today, we can not only hit the city of Tel Aviv but also, if God wants and with his help, can hit very precise targets within Tel Aviv,” Nasrallah was heard saying in the video.
It is therefore clear, that both Israel and Hezbollah have improved their military capabilities since the 2006 war, and there are many sources of tension building up. Therefore, although war is not likely, it is possible should the response from Hezbollah be heavy.
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This article discusses the difference between feelings and emotions. Let’s be honest: conveying internal feelings in words in not easy, and that explains a lot of the confusion on this topic. We tend to use the words emotions, feelings and moods interchangeably. Of course they are closely related and yes this is a complex topic, but there is a fundamental difference and understanding it is important. At stake is the way you behave in this world.
What Are Emotions?
Essentially emotions are physical and instinctive. They have been programmed into our genes over many, many years of evolution and are hard-wired. While they are complex and involve a variety of physical and cognitive responses (many of which are not well understood), their general purpose is to produce a specific response to a stimulus. For example: You are on your own and on foot in the savanna wilderness, you see a lion, and you instantly get scared. Emotions can be measured objectively by blood flow, brain activity, facial expressions and body stance. Important note: Emotions are carried out by the limbic system, our emotional processing center. This means that they are illogical, irrational, and unreasonable because the limbic system is separate from – sitting literally behind – the neocortex, the part of our brain that deals with conscious thoughts, reasoning and decision making.
I’d like to give you a clear list of universally recognized emotions but unfortunately (1) such a list does not exist and (2) the English language is too limited anyway. You will see below for example that some of the lists established in the past themselves label as emotion what technically is more of a feeling (e.g., happiness, a feeling that comes over you when you know life is good and you can’t help but smile) but that’s because we don’t have a better way of clearly expressing the difference. Like in the Chinese parable of the sage pointing and the moon while the student focuses on the finger, I invite you to not focus on the limitations of the English language but rather look at the deeper underlying message I’m attempting to convey in this article.
Here is what we know: William James proposed four basic emotions: fear, grief, love, and rage, based on bodily involvement. Paul Ekman devised six basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Wallace V. Friesen and Phoebe C. Ellsworth worked with him and agreed on the same structure of emotions. In the book Passion and Reason Richard and Bernice Lazarus list fifteen different emotions: aesthetic experience, anger, anxiety, compassion, depression, envy, fright, gratitude, guilt, happiness, hope, jealousy, love, pride, relief, sadness, and shame. Psychologists identify twenty-seven categories of emotion: admiration, adoration, aesthetic appreciation, amusement, anger, anxiety, awe, awkwardness, boredom, calmness, confusion, contempt, craving, disappointment, disgust, empathic pain, entrancement, envy, excitement, fear, guilt, horror, interest, joy, nostalgia, pride, relief, romance, sadness, satisfaction, sexual desire, surprise, sympathy and triumph. This was based on 2185 short videos intended to elicit a certain emotion. These were then modelled onto a “map” of emotions.
Feelings on the other hand play out in our heads. They are mental associations and reactions to an emotion that are personal and acquired through experience. There are over 4,000 feelings listed in the English language. Most people can easily recognize at least 500 of those, but when asked to list emotions they can only list five to ten. The emotion comes first and is universal. What kind of feeling(s) it will then become varies enormously from person to person and from situation to situation because feelings are shaped by individual temperament and experience. Two people can feel the same emotion but label it under different names. For example: You are in a zoo on your own and on foot, you see a lion behind bars, and your feelings may range from curiosity to admiration or bitterness if you believe lions should never be caged.
What Are Moods?
In psychology, a mood is an emotional state. In contrast to emotions, feelings, or affects, moods are less specific, less intense and less likely to be provoked or instantiated by a particular stimulus or event. Moods are typically described as having either a positive or negative impact. In other words, people usually talk about being in a good mood or a bad mood.
One Viewpoint On The Basic Differences Between Emotions and Feelings
Emotions are event-driven, while feelings are learned behaviors that are usually in hibernation until triggered by an external event. Unlike happiness for example (a feeling), joy (an emotion) involves little cognitive awareness—we feel good without consciously deciding to. Whereas happiness is usually induced by and dependent on outside conditions, joy is something we experience more deeply; it’s a state of being that’s not necessarily tied to external situations. While happiness is a state of mind based on circumstances, joy is an internal feeling that disregards circumstances.
Here are some examples of different feelings and emotions and how they differ one from another:
Feelings tell us “how to live.”
Emotions tell us what we “like” and “dislike.”
Feelings state: “There is a right and wrong way to be.”
Emotions state: “There are good and bad actions.”
Feelings state: “Your emotions matter.“
Emotions state: “The external world matters.“
Feelings establish our long term attitude toward reality.
Feelings alert us to anticipated dangers and prepares us for action.
Emotion alert us to immediate dangers and prepares us for action
Feelings ensure long-term survival of self. (body and mind.)
Emotions ensure immediate survival of self. (body and mind.)
Feelings are low-key but tend to be sustainable.
Emotions are intense but tend to be temporary.
Happiness is a feeling.
Joy is an emotion.
Worry is a feeling.
Fear is an emotion.
Contentment is a feeling.
Enthusiasm is an emotion.
Bitterness is a feeling.
Anger is an emotion.
The secret to knowing who you are and living well begins with knowing the difference between sustained feelings and temporary emotions. Think about it this way: Nothing you can ever experience in life, no matter how terrible, will ever be anything more than a bunch of thoughts, plus a few physical sensations. Can you handle that?
Being able to clearly identify how we are feeling has been shown to reduce the intensity of experience because it re-engages our rational mind. Get a list of feelings words here.
The most elegant way to identify the emotion behind a particular negative feeling is to simply ask “What surprised you?”
On Altering Your Perspective
Most people believe that their mood, attitude or the way they feel is based upon circumstances or other people. Ask anyone you know who is in a bad mood or depressed why they feel the way they do and virtually all of them will tell you about a circumstance or an encounter with someone else.
The truth of the matter, however, is that feelings are caused by the thoughts about circumstances and people. People or circumstances in and of themselves cannot directly impact your feelings. Being crystal clear about this concept will give you a great sense of empowerment and freedom. The following story exemplifies this idea.
Two shoe salesmen travel to a distant island to open up a new market for their shoe line. Once they arrive, they canvass the area to evaluate its potential. Shortly thereafter, the first salesman in a very downtrodden mood calls back to the home office and says, “bad news, no one here wears shoes,” and took the next plane home. The other sales person, could hardly contain himself and when he called the home office he said, “great news, no one here wears shoes and we have no competition, we better have a lot of product on hand.”
Learn to feel and embrace all of your emotions fully without labelling them, and work on expressing them constructively. Remove the narrative as much and as often as possible, and focus on the actions that you believe will give you results that serve you best. If and when you want to change your emotions know that you can do so easily and safely within minutes with wellness modalities such as Laughter Wellness that invite people to engage through the motions of laughter, joy and empowerment in an effort to jump start those very emotions. I’m not saying it’s always easy, but it is worth it.
Sebastian Gendry is a French-American laughter and wellness expert with a passion for emotional literacy. He is the creator of the laughter wellness method and founder of the Laughter Online University. He has appeared in 100+ newspapers and magazines and two TEDx talks, as well as major TV shows, including the Oprah Winfrey Show, 60 minutes and ABC Good Morning America. His life mission is to create a happier planet. He teaches and advocates for sound, simple and stimulating self-care practices enriched with the cheerful, curative and centering impact of positive energies.
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The SQL statement that you will probably use most often is the SELECT statement. Its purpose is to retrieve data from one or more tables of the database (or even several databases) and display it.
The result of a SELECT statement is another table, also known as a result set.
The simplest form of the SELECT statement contains a SELECT list with the FROM clause. It has the following syntax:
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name;
In practice, however, there are always several more clauses in a SELECT statement than in the statement. The following is the syntax of a SELECT statement, with almost all possible clauses included:
SELECT column_name(s) [INTO new_table_name] FROM table_name [WHERE search_condition] [GROUP BY group_by_expression] [HAVING search_condition] [ORDER BY order_expression];
Note that anything inside the square bracket is an optional clause.
To help you better understand the examples, and enable you to follow along with the tutorial, we are going to use the following sample table.
This table is part of an ‘Employee Management System’ that contains basic information about employees.
SELECT a Column
To use SELECT to retrieve table data, you must specify two things – what you want to select (column_name), and from where you want to select it (table_name).
For example, this simple SELECT statement retrieves a single column called ‘Name’ from the ‘Employees’ table.
SELECT Name FROM Employees;
It is important to note that all SQL statements are case-insensitive, so
SELECT is the same as
select, which is the same as
SELECT Multiple Columns
The same SELECT statement can be used to retrieve multiple columns from a table. Just specify the desired column names after the SELECT keyword, and separate them with a comma.
The following SELECT statement retrieves two columns from the ‘Employees’ table:
SELECT Name, Job FROM Employees;
Note that the value of each column you name is retrieved in the order specified in the SELECT clause.
SELECT * (All Columns)
In addition to being able to specify desired columns, SELECT can also retrieve all columns without having to list them individually. This is done by specifying the
* wildcard character in place of column names.
Let’s retrieve all columns from the table.
SELECT * FROM Employees;
When you specify a wildcard
*, the columns are retrieved in the same order as they appear in the table’s definition.
SELECT * is usually read as “Select all columns”.
The SELECT statement returns all matched rows by default. What if you want to return a specific number of rows?
This is possible, but unfortunately, it is one of those situations where not all SQL implementations are created equal. Each DBMS has its own clause to limit the number of entries to be retrieved.
For example, below queries retrieve only the first three rows.
--for MS SQL and MS Access SELECT TOP 3 * FROM Employees; --for DB2 SELECT * FROM Employees FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY; --for Oracle SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE ROWNUM <=3; --for MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, and SQLite SELECT * FROM Employees LIMIT 3;
In some cases, a query might return duplicate rows of data. For example, if you were to retrieve the list of jobs, you would see the following:
SELECT Job FROM Employees;
What you probably want in this case is the list of unique jobs. You can achieve this by adding the keyword DISTINCT just after the SELECT keyword.
SELECT DISTINCT Job FROM Employees;
Although the SQL server will generate labels for the columns returned by your queries, you may want to assign your own labels. You can do so by adding a column alias after each column of your SELECT clause.
Here’s the previous query against the ‘Employees’ table with column alias ‘Job_Titles’ applied to the column ‘Job’:
SELECT DISTINCT Job Job_Titles FROM Employees;
An alias is just an alternate name for a column. It does not actually change the name of the column in the table, but it gives it a new name within the scope of the SELECT statement.
You can also include the
AS keyword before the alias name. Use of the
AS keyword is optional, but you can use it to improve readability.
SELECT DISTINCT Job AS Job_Titles FROM Employees;
Expressions in SELECT Statement
The SELECT statement can do far more than simply retrieve columns. You can also perform some calculations on one or more columns and include them in a result.
Suppose you wanted to generate a calculated column called ‘Tax_paid’ that is 22% of the salary. You could issue the following SELECT query to calculate this dynamically.
SELECT Name, Salary, 0.22 * Salary AS Tax_paid FROM Employees;
Notice that the ‘Tax_paid’ column is not stored in the table, but computed on-the-fly. This is a powerful feature of SQL, which allows us to keep stored data simple and use queries to perform complex calculations on top of it.
Here are some more things you can include in your SELECT clause.
- Literals, such as strings or numbers
- Built-in function calls
- User-defined function calls
The next query demonstrates the use of a table column, a literal, an expression, and a built-in function call in a single query against the ‘Employees’ table:
SELECT Name, 'Active' AS Status, 0.22 * Salary AS Tax_paid, UPPER(Job) AS Job FROM Employees;
Concatenating Column Values
You can use expressions not only with numbers but also with text and other data types.
For example, a helpful operator to use with text is concatenation, which merges two or more pieces of data together.
--for SQL server SELECT Name + ' works as a ' + Job AS Description FROM Employees; --for DB2, Oracle and PostgreSQL SELECT Name || ' works as a ' || Job AS Description FROM Employees; --for MySQL SELECT CONCAT(Name, ' works as a ', Job) AS Description FROM Employees;
|Bob works as a Manager|
|Eve works as a Developer|
|Max works as a Janitor|
|Kim works as a Manager|
|Joe works as a Developer|
|Sam works as a Janitor|
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Hello everyone my name is Atharva and we are continuing this C programming course… (Pause 6 sec)
In the last video, we have discussed pointer arithmetic, and we have seen how our increment operators, decrement operators, or if we want to add or subtract any constant on our pointer.
After operating it, at the end, the value that comes, how does it come? All these things we had discussed in the last video.
Now continuing this flow, we will be discussing one more concept, which is called an array of pointers.
Now we have made the array of integers, we have also made an array of the float, we can also make char (pronunciation: kair) arrays which we call as strings.
We will see that further, but if we say that, we have to make an array of pointers, which means how to make? We have to consider pointers as an element, and the pointers chain is made, and we call it an array.
That we have to make, so how can we make that? This is what we will be seeing in this video.
So, without any delay we will start, and first of all we will see, if we are talking about an array of pointers, what exactly is array of pointers.
So, what is an array of pointers? So, we will start with the definition, because if we talk about the definition of the entire concept, our definition converts it into one or two lines and easily tells us.
So, we will first of all start with our definition.
And what does our definition say? It says that an array, where the elements would be pointers, that will store addresses of some other variables.
So, what have we seen here? Like we were making the arrays, in fact in the last video, when we made one array, that was integer type.
Which means whatever value was stored in it, it was integers but if we want to make such a scenario, where, the elements of an array, inside that pointer’s value get stored.
So how will we make that, this is what we are going to see in this video.
So, an array of pointers means, an array in which whatever elements are there, all those are also pointers.
So, this array of pointers concept, this is what we will be discussing in this video.
So, first of all, we will see how different the syntax will be, as we know how to make an array.
But if you want to make an array of the pointers, what is the difference in that, so there is only a difference of an asterisk mark.
So, here in the syntax, you can see that the way we were making the array, which means first the data type then the array’s name and then in the bracket size of the array.
In the same way we are going to make an array of pointers here.
But the only difference would be, before the name of the array there would be one Asterix symbol, with which we get to know that this is not a normal array, this is the array of pointers.
So, whatever value is stored in it, that would be the pointer’s value.
So, this was about our definition and the syntax.
Now we will see how this array of pointers helps us.
Why do we have to make an array of pointers, when our work is happening? By making a normal pointer, we were able to point any variable easily and be able to store its address.
So, what is the need that, we have to make the array also of a pointer.
So, with the help of an array of pointers, we can use it, to point to each element of another array, so here it is a little deep.
In the last video, we had made one array, but to point its element, we had made two different pointers.
So, we had made one P pointer and one Q pointer but our array’s size was five, and we had made two pointers.
So, if we have to point to each element, it is not that compatible.
Which means two pointers could not point five elements at one time.
So, this is one small example.
If I say that, my array is of 100 elements and I want to point at every element, with the help of a pointer.
Is that going to be possible? Will I be able to make 100 pointers at one time, I won't be able to make? To counter this concept, we used an array of pointers.
What I did was, of whichever size a normal array was, it was which we had to point at.
We made an array of pointers of the same size.
In that, whichever element was there, which means whichever pointers were there.
Each pointer is pointing at another pointer’s element.
So, in this way how many arrays we have to make, which we had to point, in this way how many ever array we had to make, we could make that size of array of pointers and we could point all the elements.
So, this is a small concept of an array of pointers, as what was needed to make a pointer's array.
So, if we have a really long array, even if that array is of 100 elements, then I want to store the address of each element with me.
So, if I want to use it in any of the scenarios, how can I do that? I will make one array of pointers of the same exact size.
So, what will happen with the same size, I will get those many pointers and each pointer will be pointing at the front array’s each element.
So, here if we suppose, on an array of a pointer's 0th index position, the pointer that is there, it
will point at any value which is on the 0th index position and correspondingly, the first
index position pointer would be pointing at our second array’s first index
In this way, the pointing will go on.
In this way we could point to a completely filled array easily, with the help of an array of pointers.
So, this was the concept of array of pointers, if we go ahead, there is one more small concept ahead which is called pointer to pointers.
So, we had seen that, we had to only point at one array.
So, we have made the same type of array of pointers, and that pointer was able to point to that array, but if I talk, I have one pointer, which I have to point with some other pointer.
So, here the thing becomes a little complex to hear, so first of all we will see the definition, because of it the things will get a little clearer.
A concept where a pointer stores the address of another pointer in it, which means that there is one pointer made from early on, which is pointing some other variable, but if this pointer also, if I want to point with some third pointer, at that time, the concept’s name is pointer to pointers.
And these are such kinds of pointers, which are not pointing at other variables, but are pointing at other pointers, the pointer’s address location, they are pointing at that.
So, this is the concept of pointer to pointers.
And if we talk about its syntax, how its syntax will be different from a normal pointer, so here we can see that, its syntax is similar to a normal pointer.
The only thing is that, there is one more asterisk that has been added in it.
So, which means whenever you are defining, that I have to make a pointer of integer data type, what I will do is, I will put two asterisk marks in front of it, and then I will write the pointer’s name in this way basically I will define pointer to pointer.
If we were defining a simple pointer, in a simple pointer there would come only one asterisk sign.
Here rather than pointing at another variable, if we are pointing at another pointer.
That’s why we are using 2 Asterix symbols while defining our pointer.
So, in this video, we have discussed two small concepts, an array of pointers.
Where can we use the array of pointers, we have even seen that.
Along with that, we have also seen pointer to pointers, how on one pointer another pointer can point.
And this chain, will keep getting longer.
So, all the things we have seen in this video, you can explore more about these and you can practise these so that you can use them in your implementation, and your programmes and make them effective.
If you have any queries or comments, click the discussion button below the video and post there. This way, you will be able to connect to fellow learners and discuss the course. Also, Our Team will try to solve your queries.
Very happy 😄😁
Very happy and greatful, thank you , great course.
Super for poor students to learn software course languages TQ
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A beautiful, healthy smile that lasts a lifetime is our ultimate goal when treating patients. Your personal home care plays an important role in achieving that goal. Your personal home care starts by eating balanced meals, reducing the number of snacks you eat, and correctly using the various dental aids that help control the plaque and bacteria that cause dental disease.
Brush your teeth at least twice a day (especially before going to bed at night) with an ADA approved soft bristle brush and toothpaste.
- Place the brush at a 45 degree angle to the gums and gently brush using a small, circular motion ensuring that you always feel the bristles on the gums.
- Brush the outer, inner and biting surfaces of each tooth.
- Use the tip of the brush to clean the inside of the front teeth.
- Brush your tongue to remove bacteria and freshen your breath.
Daily flossing is the best way to clean between the teeth and under the gum line. Flossing not only helps clean these spaces, it disrupts plaque colonies from building up, preventing damage to the gums, teeth and bone.
It is important to rinse your mouth with water after brushing, and also after meals if you are unable to brush.
Minimizing the amount of daily sugar intake can greatly reduce your risk of tooth decay. Bacteria in your mouth feed on simple sugars and give off an acidic by-product when metabolizing those sugars. That acid causes the breakdown of healthy tooth structure and leads to tooth decay.
Common sources of sugar in your diet may include, but are not limited to, soda (both diet and regular), Gatorade, coffee sweeteners, candy, antacids (such as tums and Rolaids), breath mints. When looking at a food label, sugar can be listed as glucose, sucrose, and fructose. Limiting your sugar intake can greatly reduce the amount of tooth decay in your mouth.
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17-year-old Pakistani student’s Physics paper stuns scientists
Islamabad: A 17-year-old Pakistani, Mohammad Shaheer Niazi, is making waves in the world of physics and earning global praises for his visualisation of a phenomenon called “electric honeycomb”.
Niazi’s area of research is the Rose window instability, which is known to physicists for decades, but remains little explored.
In 2016, he replicated the phenomenon and presented his work at the International Young Physicists’ Tournament as one of the first Pakistani participants. Later, he developed photographic evidence of charged ions creating the honeycomb, and published his research titled, ‘The Electric Honeycomb: An Investigation of the Rose Window Instability Work’ in the Royal Society Open Science — an esteemed science journal.
The visualisation by Niazi reveals fundamental principles about how electricity moves through fluids that can help engineers to develop technology for printing, heating or biomedicine.
The Rose Window is an electric honeycomb structure that was little-explored but Niazi managed to capture its formation.
Concisely, the structure occurs when a specific type of electrically charged particles travel between a pointy and a flat electrode but hit a puddle of oil during travelling. This looks exactly like a honeycomb and the phenomenon is known to physicists as rose-window instability.
As per the research by Niazi, the honeycomb effect is formed by the amassing of charged ions due to which an electrical pressure is developed on top of the oil surface; while struggling to go back to the grounded glass electrode present under the oil surface to complete the circuit, these ions get trapped and sink because oil is a poor conductor of electricity.
To prove that the ions were moving, Niazi photographed images of the shadows formed by their wind as they exited the needle and recorded the heat presumed to come from the friction of their travel through the oil.
Niazi’s research paper stunned even veteran scientists.
The thermal images surprised Dr Alberto Perez Izquierdo, a physicist at the University of Seville in Spain, as neither he nor others had previously explored temperature changes on the oil’s surface.
“I think it’s outstanding for so young a scientist to reproduce these results,” The New York Times quoted Dr Izquierdo as saying.
Niazi is a high school student at Lahore College of Arts and Sciences in Lahore where he also represents the school’s Astronomy club. He was supported in his research by Physics faculty of Lahore University of Management Sciences. In 2016, Niazi became the youngest Pakistani to attend the European Southern Observatory (ESO) camp 2016 held in Italy.
The talented younster aspires to further explore the mathematics of the electric honeycomb, and dreams of earning a Nobel Prize.
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Drinagh Wetland is the largest and most recent addition to Lough Boora. It is 267 hectares in size and consists of 186 hectares of permanent wetland – the largest in the park. At present, Drinagh contains areas which have been undergoing natural re-colonisation for over 10 years and is attracting large numbers of birds.
One of the most unique aspects of this site is the opportunity it provides to study both the evolution of a wetland and how natural re-colonisation and succession shape an environment. In the future, it is expected Drinagh Wetland will surpass the diversity and beauty of Turraun.
Drinagh Wetland is situated to the south of the Cloghan wetlands and is set aside for wildlife, as visitors are not encouraged unless part of an organised group.
Discover the Drinagh Wetland.
Please remember to respect the nature and conservation interests of Lough Boora Discovery Park.
View other related content:
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The Moonshot Museum invites visitors to see real lunar spacecraft as they’re being built by space industry professionals, embark on their own simulated lunar mission, and find how they fit into the future of space exploration. Before visitors embark on a simulated lunar mission, they are introduced to the $450 billion global space industry, the incredible opportunities space offers humanity, and how space can help us solve some big problems here on Earth.
The simulated experience begins by stepping into The Lab to build a lunar rover, take a closer look at real-life lunar landers and rovers under construction in Astrobotic’s Clean Room; and join space industry engineers in working through simulated challenges associated with exploring the Moon. Visitors then investigate a futuristic lunar habitat and cargo bay, while learning about space industry professionals of many different backgrounds and interests, and explore how people work together to maintain a human presence in space.
Finally visitors get to craft their very own message to the Moon and send it to the surface onboard one of Astrobotic’s future lunar landers. The Moonshot Museum has two experiences: One is a mission-based, docent-led experience, and the other is an unfacilitated exploratory adventure where visitors engage with interactive stations at their own pace.
Luci Creative worked closely with museum staff, teachers, and space experts to develop the exhibit. Our team members prototyped and play-tested the entire experience with more than sixty Pittsburgh-area middle school students, where we uncovered actionable insights to make the Museum experience even more impactful for its lunar learners.
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Ensuring social justice in AI is essential says new policy report
The development of new Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is often subject to bias, and the resulting systems can be discriminatory, meaning more should be done by policymakers to ensure its development is democratic and socially responsible.
This is according to Dr Barbara Ribeiro of Manchester Institute of Innovation Research at The University of Manchester, in On AI and Robotics: Developing policy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, a new policy report on the role of AI and Robotics in society, being published today.
Dr Ribeiro adds because investment into AI will essentially be paid for by tax-payers in the long-term, policymakers need to make sure that the benefits of such technologies are fairly distributed throughout society.
She says: “Ensuring social justice in AI development is essential. AI technologies rely on big data and the use of algorithms, which influence decision-making in public life and on matters such as social welfare, public safety and urban planning.”
“In these ‘data-driven’ decision-making processes some social groups may be excluded, either because they lack access to devices necessary to participate or because the selected datasets do not consider the needs, preferences and interests of marginalised and disadvantaged people.”
On AI and Robotics: Developing policy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution is a comprehensive report written, developed and published by Policy@Manchester with leading experts and academics from across the University.
The publication is designed to help employers, regulators and policymakers understand the potential effects of AI in areas such as industry, healthcare, research and international policy.
However, the report doesn’t just focus on AI. It also looks at robotics, explaining the differences and similarities between the two separate areas of research and development (R&D) and the challenges policymakers face with each.
Ensuring social justice in AI development is essential. AI technologies rely on big data and the use of algorithms, which influence decision-making in public life and on matters such as social welfare, public safety and urban planning
Professor Anna Scaife, Co-Director of the University’s Policy@Manchester team, explains: “Although the challenges that companies and policymakers are facing with respect to AI and robotic systems are similar in many ways, these are two entirely separate technologies – something which is often misunderstood, not just by the general public, but policymakers and employers too. This is something that has to be addressed.”
One particular area the report highlights where robotics can have a positive impact is in the world of hazardous working environments, such a nuclear decommissioning and clean-up.
Professor Barry Lennox, Professor of Applied Control and Head of the UOM Robotics Group, adds: “The transfer of robotics technology into industry, and in particular the nuclear industry, requires cultural and societal changes as well as technological advances.
“It is really important that regulators are aware of what robotic technology is and is not capable of doing today, as well as understanding what the technology might be capable of doing over the next -5 years.”
The report also highlights the importance of big data and AI in healthcare, for example in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Lord Jim O'Neill, Honorary Professor of Economics at The University of Manchester and Chair of the Review on Antimicrobial Resistance explains: “An important example of this is the international effort to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The AMR Review gave 27 specific recommendations covering 10 broad areas, which became known as the ‘10 Commandments’.
“All 10 are necessary, and none are sufficient on their own, but if there is one that I find myself increasingly believing is a permanent game-changer, it is state of the art diagnostics. We need a 'Google for doctors' to reduce the rate of over prescription.”
The versatile nature of AI and robotics is leading many experts to predict that the technologies will have a significant impact on a wide variety of fields in the coming years. Policy@Manchester hopes that the On AI and Robotics report will contribute to helping policymakers, industry stakeholders and regulators better understand the range of issues they will face as the technologies play ever greater roles in our everyday lives.
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Much of our knowledge of early history depends on archaeological artefacts and the evidence of the landscape. A prime example of this is the Céide Fields, located between Ballycastle and Belderrig in North Mayo, which show evidence of human settlement in Mayo more than 5000 years ago. This is the oldest known Neolithic field system in Europe and was discovered in 1934 by a local teacher, Patrick Caulfield, while cutting turf. Remains of stone walls beneath the blanket bog indicated the existence of an organised system of farming.
Archaeological excavations were begun in 1969 by his son, Dr. Seamus Caulfield, who devised a system of tracing the lines of the stone walls without having to remove the covering of blanket bog.
You can find out more about the Ceide fields by visiting the Ceide Fields website.
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How To Conduct Research Using The Library's Resources
Hey everyone, it’s Annie! As the semester starts to pick up, many of us will probably be asked to conduct research for a paper, presentation, or exam. Research can seem intimidating, especially when you’re not really sure where to start. Thankfully, Mississippi College’s Leland Speed Library offers an abundance of materials to make this process a little less daunting. I asked one of our Writing Center tutors, Mary Freeman, to talk about how you can use the library to help with your research projects.
Writing Center Tutor, Mary Freeman
The Leland Speed Library’s website is a great place to start when conducting research. The hours of operation are listed, as well as an easy-to-find search bar for books that may be relevant to your topics. From the website, you can look up books, journals, eBooks, and other resources that can help with your research. You can also get in touch with librarians, other libraries, and extensive databases that MC provides to students with free access. You can even access tutorials and guides on various topics you may need help with. Here are a few ways you can utilize the library’s website and its resources to help you with your research:
The homepage of the Leland Speed Library's website is a great place to start!
1. Library Tutorials
The library website features a multitude of tutorials that are useful to your research process. If you are struggling to begin your research, the library has tutorials on how to familiarize yourself with research strategies. For example, the “Research 101: Information Literacy/Getting Started” tutorial features five questions to ask yourself when beginning to research a topic:
What information do I need and want to know?
How do I find that information efficiently and effectively?
What authorities should I trust?
How do I synthesize the information into my own thinking and writing?
How do I acknowledge my sources ethically?
In addition to tutorials on beginning research, the library website features tutorials on utilizing the sources within the library in an efficient manner. These tutorials answer an array of questions, such as how to use advanced searching in online databases, how to use TRAAP evaluation, and how to find eBooks or articles. You can also use these tutorials to learn how to utilize the online databases and physical resources in the library, which are both resources we’ll talk about below.
The library has many useful tutorials on their website!
2. Online Databases
The online databases are one of the most valuable tools on the library’s website. A database is a collection of online information that is sorted into almost every discipline of academics. The library purchases subscriptions to many databases to provide free access for students to information on countless topics. The library’s databases touch on various subject areas, ranging from English to Biology to Psychology to Art to general subjects. For instance, Mergent Online provides resources about business and IPA Source provides works regarding music. You can filter these databases to ones relevant to your research by pressing the “Filter by subject area” bar on the database home page and selecting your desired subject area. You can then select a database relevant to your resource and conduct a search within this database to find materials.
You can use the "Filter by subject area" bar to find the right database!
When conducting these searches, you might find it useful to conduct an Advanced Search to ensure you get the most relevant information and waste as little of your time as possible when searching for information! (Unsure how to conduct an Advanced Search? Try this tutorial). You can also use the various search features to ensure the articles and journals you review are relevant, such as controlling the publication date of the resource, the author, or what type of publication you are viewing.
You can use advanced searches to find the sources most useful for your research!
3. Physical Resources
Along with the online resources, the library has an abundance of physical resources in the forms of books and periodicals. You can locate these books and periodicals through the library website by searching for the topic, title of a work, or author of a work on the search bar on the website's home page. Once you locate the resource you want to use, you can check the availability of the work, write down the call number of the resource, and use this call number to locate the work in the library. Additionally, you can locate books and periodicals in the library by asking for assistance from the library staff. Helpful, cheerful, and heralds of learning, the library staff is always willing to show you where a work is located or where works of a particular genre are stored. If you need access to a resource that the library does not have access to, you can ask a librarian to assist you in an interlibrary loan - sometimes, even authors of theses or other works will be willing to contact you directly.
You can check the availability and call number of a resource to locate it in the library!
The Leland Speed Library is a great place to conduct research, and the various tutorials and resources provided to students make the process as easy and interesting as possible. Research may seem frightening or confusing, but with the amount of information at your fingertips, you can become as well versed on your topic as any expert in the database! If you’re struggling with your research project or have more questions about the library’s resources, you can stop by the Writing Center and receive assistance from one of our tutors!
Stop by the Writing Center for more help with your research!
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PSHE Anti-bullying Week
This week was anti-bullying week. In Year 6 we were looking at recognising and understanding bullying. We looked at an image and discussed what was happening, we then asked questions. We then looked a the behaviour of bullying and how different people within a group behave.
To link with this year's theme 'One Kind Word' we thought about kindness as a symbol and then designed an 'kind word' anti-bullying superhero.
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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Day: Not Just a Day, But a Diversity and Inclusion Mindset
Featuring Fonati Abrokwa ’01, MHS Special Assistant to the President for Diversity and Inclusion
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) Day is a single day across the country to celebrate and reflect on the legacy of the late Dr. King and his fight for diversity and inclusion and so much more. Here at Milton Hershey School, we have a unique opportunity to do more than just celebrate and reflect. We can take steps together to learn and grow in a diverse environment and to challenge our thinking, not just on MLK day, but every day.
Leading up to MLK Day, students, faculty, and staff were focused on learning and serving inside and outside of their classrooms. In Elementary Division, students colored pictures of themselves, focusing on their unique visions of themselves. This activity, now displayed in Memorial Hall, gave students the opportunity to share their authentic selves, while celebrating the differences we all share.
It’s not just current MHS students who partook in this learning opportunity. A handful of alumni joined Middle Division classes on Tuesday to share their experiences and to encourage the next generation of empathetic and just leaders. At this event, students and alumni explored topics around civil rights, community service, and voting rights.
Two MHS high school students also used their voices to ask thoughtful questions to Joseph Robinson, Executive Director of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Leadership Development Institute, during a tribute event hosted by Hershey Area All Things Diversity.
In addition, students and staff across campus read culturally-focused materials and engaged in structured lessons and conversations to understand why we celebrate MLK Day. Also, to tie in values-based learning, The Compass Project curriculum for the week focused on how we can use Dr. King’s life and legacy to understand forgiveness.
Carving a Path for DEI
For the MHS community, celebrating MLK Day does not just happen once a year. We are committed to the continued evolution of our Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) framework and strategies.
“Across our school, students and staff participated in activities that drew inspiration from the life and lessons of Dr. King,” shared Fonati Abrokwa ’01, MHS Special Assistant to the President for Diversity and Inclusion. “From poetry readings to service projects, our MHS community is embracing Dr. King’s example in ways that elevate equity, respect, learning, and understanding—themes supported by our MHS Sacred Values.”
However, the work doesn’t end there. Abrokwa and her team of Cultural Ambassadors work tirelessly each day to make space for productive, compassionate, and effective conversations around DEI inside and outside of the MHS community. From expanding MHS Learning Experiences to launching a new student group focused on celebrating cultural differences, providing leadership opportunities, and more, the DEI initiatives across campus are well under way. The DEI team and subcommittees continue to assess our programming with the goal of completing all observations by the end of the 2021-22 school year to help establish next school year’s focus areas.
Our MHS Sacred Values, character-centered curriculum, and DEI focus allows for our students to grow into well-rounded and caring individuals who just like Dr. King are ready to make their mark on the world.
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The green technology and sustainability market is expected to grow 24.3% from 2020 to 2027, reaching a projected $48.36 market size by 2027. The surge of environmental awareness in both consumer and industrial interest has driven the growth of the market. This includes considerations for green building and plumbing innovation and utilizing tech to create lasting impacts for reducing water waste and supporting greener living and working environments.
Smart plumbing is changing the industry, from early leak detection to smart appliances, and greywater recapture systems, this article will detail 5 plumbing trends that can make an impact both in both residential and commercial spaces.
- Brain Pipes and Leak Detection Systems
According to the EPA, leaks in an average household can account for nearly 10,000 gallons of water waste per year, and that over 1 trillion gallons of water are wasted across the U.S. due to minor leaks.
Leak detection and repair is a crucial combattant to water waste and can be supported by brain pipes and smart leak detection systems. These systems typically need a plumber’s expertise to install and diagnose critical placement and use. The brain pipe and leak detection systems work by monitoring the plumbing of the home and detecting leaks, or breaks in the plumbing. Brain pipes and other digital leak detection tools not only inform the residential or commercial building owner but can also pinpoint the exact location needed for immediate repair.
- Green Components
Building managers and homeowners can also choose to upgrade and install green components and high-tech plumbing solutions that include installing toilets with high efficiency and a low flush capacity, as well as replacing showerheads and faucets that reduce water consumption through lowered pressure.
Common areas in the home and office for green faucet installation and replacement include:
- Kitchen faucet replacements.
- Breakroom faucet replacements.
- Bathroom faucet replacements.
- Laundry room faucet replacements.
Additionally, showerheads in homes, office buildings, and in gyms can be replaced with WaterSense alternatives that can reduce water use by half a gallon or more per minute. While this may seem like incremental water saving, it adds up over time as nearly 1.2 trillion gallons of water are used annually in the United States just with showering.
- Smart Appliances
A great addition to both office and home spaces that are seeking to lower their environmental footprint and water usage are smart appliances. Smart appliances use technology to monitor and manage water usage.
Some of these smart appliances are equipped with technology that links them to the internet, allowing them to send signals to the owner’s app or phone or allowing for digital management from a handheld device. This technology creates the opportunity for users to manage settings, water temperature, water conservation, or even turn off the appliance from any location.
The trending growth of smart appliance use may include the following
- Installing hot water dispensers or innovative water heaters that can cut heat loss by 24 to 25% and save 7 to 16% on annual water bills.
- Installing and replacing dishwashers with energy and water-efficient dishwashers that can reduce water use by 4 to 6 gallons per load.
- Installing water faucets in commercial buildings that are motion sensored or shut off the water supply after a few seconds to reduce continuous running of water during handwashing.
- Upgrading and installing new models of washing machines that use 13 to 17 gallons of water, rather than older models which may use 26 gallons or more.
- LED Temperature Monitors
Alongside smart appliances is the use of LED temperature monitors. This addition to plumbing technology allows the user to better manage and monitor temperature control. Some LED temperature monitoring fixtures also include a built-in magnet that can generate small amounts of power when the valve is turned on and the water is flowing.
Not only do LED temperature screens and monitors allow for better control of water usage, but they can also help to prevent accidental scalding that may occur from unregulated hot water from a faucet.
- Grey Water Recycling & Smart Irrigation and Sprinklers
Recycling water isn’t necessarily a “new trend”, but there are many innovative approaches to how water is used and recycled. Greywater recycling allows for the water recycling process to occur in residential and commercial spaces, rather than pumping water out to be recycled at a facility.
Greywater recycling in a home or at an office building collects water used in various places — kitchen sinks, dishwashers, washing machines, tubs, showers, etc, and then recycles the water for a different purpose, such as watering a lawn or garden. While some of the contaminants present in greywater recapturing may be unsafe for human consumption, it may be perfectly fine for plants. Some greywater systems may also include filtration devices that can remove minor contaminants from the recaptured gray water.
Studies on more sophisticated greywater systems that recycle water internally with hydraulics — such as recycling cold water from the sink to flush the toilet — could reduce water use from 5.8 to 30.6%.
Additionally, updating and repairing sprinkler systems can create opportunities to integrate smart irrigation trends such as weather-based controllers. Weather-based controllers, referred to technically as evapotranspiration (ET) controllers monitor weather data, historic data, and onsite data to control and adjust water usage in irrigation schedules. These water sensing controllers can save a residence up to 15,000 gallons of water annually.
By incorporating smart plumbing trends for both home and commercial spaces, property owners have the opportunity to not only impact their environmental footprint but to save money in the long run by reducing water usage and impact.
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Fiberglass is a versatile material that finds numerous applications in various industries, and candle making is no exception. In this article, we will delve into the world of fiberglass and explore how it can be used to enhance the art of candle making.
At its core, fiberglass is a composite material made from fine fibers of glass woven together. This unique combination results in a material that is lightweight yet extremely strong and durable. Fiberglass has excellent heat resistance properties, making it an ideal choice for candle making where candles generate intense heat as they burn.
The role of fiberglass in candle making goes beyond just providing strength; it also ensures safety and stability. Incorporating fiberglass into candle manufacturing adds structural reinforcement to the wax, preventing the formation of cracks or weakening of the candle’s structure over time.
By utilizing fiberglass in candle making, crafters not only create candles that are visually appealing but also long-lasting and safe to use. The next sections will further explore the benefits of using fiberglass in detail and provide a step-by-step guide on its usage in different forms. So let’s dive into the exciting world where creativity meets innovation in the realm of candles.
Understanding the benefits of using fiberglass in candle making
Fiberglass, a composite material made of fine fibers of glass, is widely used in various industries for its strength, durability, and versatility. When it comes to candle making, incorporating fiberglass into the process offers several significant benefits. Understanding these advantages can help candle makers improve the quality, stability, and safety of their products.
One of the key benefits of using fiberglass in candle making is its ability to provide structural reinforcement. Fiberglass can help prevent candles from cracking or breaking during and after the production process. By adding fiberglass to the wax mixture or molding material, candle makers can enhance the overall strength and stability of their creations. This is especially important for larger candles or those with intricate designs that may be more prone to structural issues.
In addition to providing reinforcement, fiberglass also aids in preventing uneven burning by creating a consistent heat distribution throughout the candle. This ensures that the wax burns evenly from top to bottom, increasing both safety and burn time. By incorporating fiberglass into their candles, makers can create products with longer burn times and less wasted wax.
Using fiberglass also helps improve safety in candle making. The added structural support minimizes the risk of candles collapsing or toppling over during burning, reducing the chances of accidents or fires. Additionally, fiberglass has excellent fire-resistant properties that add an extra layer of protection when working with open flames. By choosing to use fiberglass in their candle making processes, makers can prioritize safety without compromising on creative designs or product quality.
The various forms of fiberglass used in candle making
One of the forms of fiberglass commonly used in candle making is woven mats. These mats are made by weaving fiberglass strands together, creating a flexible and durable material. Woven mats provide excellent structural reinforcement when added to candle wax or molds. They act as a stabilizer, preventing cracking and ensuring that the candle maintains its shape during the cooling process. Additionally, woven mats can help distribute heat more evenly throughout the candle, leading to a more consistent burn.
Another form of fiberglass used in candle making is loose fibers. Loose fibers are fine strands of fiberglass that can be easily incorporated into the wax mixture. These fibers provide additional strength and stability to the candle, especially when working with softer waxes or delicate shapes. When mixed with the wax, loose fibers create a reinforced barrier that helps prevent cracks or breakages while enhancing overall durability.
Chopped strands are another option for incorporating fiberglass into candle making processes. Chopped strands consist of shorter lengths of fiberglass that can be mixed directly into the wax or placed strategically within the mold before pouring the wax. The chopped strands add an extra layer of support and reinforcement to ensure that even intricate or detailed candle designs maintain their shape without distortion during the cooling phase.
Each form of fiberglass has its specific benefits when it comes to candle making, and choosing the right form depends on factors such as the type of wax being used and the desired outcome for the finished candles. Experimentation with different forms of fiberglass can lead to unique and improved candle creations.
The step-by-step guide below will walk you through the process of incorporating fiberglass into your candle making. Whether you are a beginner or experienced candle maker, following this guide will ensure successful and safe use of fiberglass in your candle creations.
- Prepare the materials: Gather all the necessary materials for your candle making project, including wax, fragrance oils, wicks, molds, and fiberglass. Make sure you have chosen the appropriate type and form of fiberglass for your specific candle design.
- Measure and melt the wax: Begin by measuring the desired amount of wax according to your chosen candle mold. Place the wax in a melting pot or double boiler and heat it slowly until it completely melts. Stir occasionally to ensure even heating.
- Add fragrance oils: Once the wax has melted, add any desired fragrance oils or essential oils to enhance the scent of your candles. Stir gently to distribute the fragrance evenly throughout the wax.
- Incorporate the fiberglass: At this stage, it is important to handle fiberglass with care as its loose fibers can cause skin irritation. Wear protective gloves and clothing while handling fiberglass. Gradually sprinkle or mix in chopped strands or loose fibers into the melted wax while stirring continuously to achieve an even dispersion.
- Pouring into molds: Carefully pour the mixture into your chosen candle molds while maintaining continuous stirring to prevent settling of the fiberglass fibers at the bottom of your containers. Ensure that there is an adequate amount of fiberglass evenly distributed throughout each mold.
- Inserting wicks: Before the wax completely solidifies, insert a pre-tabbed wick into each candle mold, ensuring that it is centered and straightened. Allow the candles to cool and solidify completely before proceeding.
- Finishing touches: Once fully cooled, trim excess wick from each candle if necessary and remove them from their molds if applicable.
Following these steps will help you successfully incorporate fiberglass into your candle making process for added structural reinforcement and stability. Remember to always prioritize safety when handling fiberglass and take the necessary precautions to protect yourself. Experiment with different forms of fiberglass to achieve unique designs and enhance your candle creations.
Safety precautions when working with fiberglass in candle making
When working with fiberglass in candle making, it is essential to prioritize safety to avoid any potential health hazards. Fiberglass can release fine fibers into the air, which can be harmful if inhaled or come into contact with the skin. Protect yourself by following these safety precautions:
- Wear protective gear: When handling fiberglass, always wear appropriate protective clothing, such as gloves, safety goggles, and a dust mask. This will help prevent direct contact with the skin and minimize inhalation of loose fibers.
- Work in a well-ventilated area: Fiberglass can generate dust particles during handling and mixing. To ensure proper ventilation, work in a well-ventilated area or use exhaust fans to remove airborne particles.
- Avoid direct contact with skin: Fiberglass can cause irritation and itching when it comes into contact with exposed skin. To prevent this, wear long sleeves, pants, and closed-toe shoes while handling fiberglass materials.
- Use disposable tools: When working with fiberglass, it is best to use disposable tools like brushes or stirrers to avoid fiber contamination on other surfaces or objects that may come into contact with your skin later on.
- Clean up properly: After using fiberglass materials, clean up thoroughly using a damp cloth or vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter to capture any loose fibers effectively. Dispose of any used materials following local regulations for hazardous waste.
Remember to always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the specific fiberglass products you are using in your candle making process. By prioritizing safety precautions when working with fiberglass, you ensure an enjoyable and worry-free candle-making experience.
|Wear protective gear||Examples: gloves, safety goggles, dust mask|
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|Avoid direct contact with skin||Examples: wear long sleeves, pants, closed-toe shoes|
|Use disposable tools||Examples: brushes, stirrers|
|Clean up properly||Examples: damp cloth, vacuum cleaner with HEPA filter|
Troubleshooting common issues when using fiberglass in candle making
When using fiberglass in candle making, it is important to be aware of and address any potential issues that may arise during the process. By troubleshooting common problems, you can ensure that your finished candles are of the highest quality. This section will address some common issues that may occur when using fiberglass in candle making and provide solutions and tips for overcoming them.
One common issue that candle makers may encounter when using fiberglass is uneven distribution within the candle. This can result in an unappealing appearance and an inconsistent burn. To prevent this problem, it is crucial to thoroughly mix the fiberglass into the wax or blend before pouring it into the molds. A wooden stir stick or a mixer can help achieve a more even distribution.
Another potential issue is poor adhesion between the fiberglass and the candle wax or mold. This can lead to fibers sticking out or even falling off, compromising the structural integrity of the candle. To resolve this problem, it is recommended to use a compatible adhesive or binder specifically designed for bonding fiberglass with wax or molds. Additionally, ensuring that both surfaces are clean and free from any debris before applying fiberglass can help enhance adhesion.
|Uneven Distribution||Thoroughly mix fiberglass into wax/blend before pouring|
|Poor Adhesion||Use a compatible adhesive/binder; clean surfaces before applying fiberglass|
By following these troubleshooting tips, you can minimize potential issues when using fiberglass in candle making and achieve high-quality results. Remember to experiment and adjust your techniques as needed to enhance your candle creations.
Creative uses of fiberglass in candle making
Fiberglass as a structural element
One creative use of fiberglass in candle making is incorporating it as a structural element. Fiberglass can provide strength and stability to candle designs, allowing for unique and intricate shapes that may otherwise be difficult to achieve. By embedding fiberglass mats or loose fibers into the wax, candle makers can create candles with unsupported sections or delicate details.
For example, fiberglass can be used to add wings to angel-shaped candles without the risk of breakage. It can also be used to create tall and slender pillar candles that are less prone to bending or toppling over. The added reinforcement provided by fiberglass ensures that these candles maintain their shape and withstand handling or burning.
Fiberglass as a decorative element
In addition to its structural benefits, fiberglass can also be used creatively as a decorative element in candle making. Fiberglass strands or chopped strands can be combined with colored dyes or pigments to create stunning visual effects within the candle.
One technique involves creating swirls or marbling effects by mixing different colors of fiberglass strands into the wax before pouring it into the mold. This creates a captivating visual texture and adds depth to the finished candle.
Another way to incorporate fiberglass decoratively is by using woven mats as an outer layer for container candles. These mats come in various patterns and textures, allowing for unique designs on the surface of the candle.
Combining functionality with aesthetics
By combining both structural and decorative uses of fiberglass, candle makers can create candles that not only look visually appealing but also possess enhanced stability and durability. This versatility opens up endless possibilities for creativity and experimentation in candle making.
Candle makers should feel free to explore different techniques and materials when using fiberglass in their creations. With practice and innovation, they can push boundaries and develop their own signature style using this versatile material.
As candle making enthusiasts continue to explore new techniques and materials, the use of fiberglass has become a popular choice for enhancing the safety and stability of candles. However, many beginners may still have questions about incorporating fiberglass into their candle making process. In this section, we will address some common concerns and provide informative answers to help you navigate the world of fiberglass in candle making.
- Q: Is fiberglass safe to use in candles?
- A: Yes, fiberglass is safe to use in candles as long as proper precautions are taken. Fiberglass is non-toxic and does not emit harmful fumes when exposed to heat. However, it is important to handle fiberglass with care, wear protective gear such as gloves and goggles, and work in a well-ventilated area to avoid any potential irritation or respiratory issues.
- Q: How does fiberglass reinforce candles?
- A: Fiberglass provides structural reinforcement to candles by adding strength and preventing cracking. When added to the wax or placed strategically in candle molds, the fibers create a network that enhances stability and reduces the risk of deformation or breakage. This is particularly beneficial for larger or longer burning candles that may be subject to melting or warping over time.
- Q: Can I use any type of fiberglass in candle making?
- A: There are various forms of fiberglass available for candle making, each with its own benefits. Woven mats are commonly used for added reinforcement and can be easily cut or shaped according to your needs. Loose fibers can be mixed with the wax for a more dispersed reinforcement effect.
Chopped strands are another option, often used in pillar candles for added strength and stability within the core. It is important to choose a type of fiberglass suitable for your specific candle design and follow manufacturer recommendations for optimal results.
By addressing these frequently asked questions about using fiberglass in candle making, you can now feel more confident in incorporating this material into your creative process. Remember to prioritize safety measures while experimenting with different methods of adding fiberglass to your candles.
In conclusion, incorporating fiberglass into your candle making process can greatly enhance the safety, stability, and creativity of your candles. By understanding the benefits of using fiberglass, you can ensure that your candles are structurally reinforced and less prone to cracking. The various forms of fiberglass available, such as woven mats, loose fibers, and chopped strands, offer different advantages and can be used in unique ways to achieve desired results.
When working with fiberglass in candle making, it is vital to prioritize safety precautions. Wearing protective gear and working in a well-ventilated area are essential to avoid any potential health hazards. Additionally, troubleshooting common issues that may arise when using fiberglass, such as uneven distribution or poor adhesion, can be addressed by following tips and solutions provided.
Moreover, the creative possibilities of using fiberglass in candle making are vast. From incorporating it as a decorative element to exploring unique designs and patterns, fiberglass allows for endless experimentation. By embracing this versatile material in your candle creations, you can truly elevate your craft.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you use fiberglass as a wick?
Fiberglass is not typically used as a wick in candles. Traditionally, wicks are made from materials such as cotton or hemp.
These natural fibers have desirable properties that make them suitable for use as wicks, including the ability to absorb and draw up the melted wax, allowing it to burn steadily and evenly. While fiberglass can be heat resistant and durable, it does not possess the necessary characteristics to function effectively as a candle wick.
How do you make candles in a glass?
Making candles in a glass involves a straightforward process that requires minimal materials and equipment. To start, gather your desired glass containers, preferably ones with heat resistance such as mason jars or votive holders. Melt the wax of your choice in a double boiler on low heat until it becomes a liquid consistency.
Meanwhile, attach a appropriate-sized pre-waxed wick to the bottom center of each glass container using either glue dots or hot glue. Once the wax is fully melted and reached an optimal pouring temperature (typically around 140-160°F), carefully pour it into each glass container while holding the wick upright and centered. Allow the candles to cool completely before trimming the wick to about ¼ inch above the candle’s surface.
What can you put in candles for decoration?
Candles offer many possibilities for creative decorations that enhance their visual appeal. Some popular options include adding dried flowers or herbs directly into the wax before pouring to give the candle an elegant botanical touch. Other decorative choices include embedding small beads, shells, glitter, or even tiny marbles into the sides of pillar candles while they are still malleable but partially hardened during cooling processes known as “candle embeds.”
Additionally, various techniques like painting patterns or designs on plain candles with acrylic paint can add personalized artwork and unique embellishments to suit different themes or occasions. When adding decorations to candles, it’s important to ensure they are non-flammable and safe for burning without compromising safety precautions or interfering with proper candle functioning.
Welcome to my candle making blog! In this blog, I will be sharing my tips and tricks for making candles. I will also be sharing some of my favorite recipes.
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Botanical Description of Lion’s Mane
This is a pale white to light beige toothed fungi that naturally grows on dying wood in forests and tends to grow in a single clump of dangling spines that form round mushroom bodies.
Polysaccharides (including beta-glucans and d-glucans), erinacines, hericerins, hericenones, resorcinols, steroids, monoterpenes, diterpenes, volatile aromatics, cyathane derivatives, galactoxyloglucan, glucoxylan, mannoglucoxylan, xylan, ergosterol (provitamin D2), ergostane derivatives, ergosterol, beta-glucoxylan, glucoxylan, polyhydroxysteroids (including cerevisterol), and protein.
Wild lion’s mane typically matures in the late summer or early fall. Wet weather plus chilly fall temperatures encourage fruiting. Mature fruiting bodies turn from being considered choice for market sale as an edible, which is mostly white and firm with teeth somewhat developed (around ½-¾ centimeters long), to very mature, with a beige hue and a bit softer texture. Harvested fruiting bodies may be cooked, stored for several days or more in refrigeration, sliced and dried for future use, or tinctured.
How to consume
Lion’s mane mushrooms can be enjoyed raw, cooked, dried or steeped as a tea. You can find it in our store as a powder, capsule, extract or tincture.
Our top 5 reasons Lion’s Mane can support your health
Lion’s mane mushrooms contain bioactive substances that have beneficial effects on the body, especially the brain, heart and gut. There’s a reason we have this in our Mushroom Machine herbal blend. It’s so good for you!
1. Could Protect Against Dementia
The brain’s ability to grow and form new connections typically declines with age, which may explain why mental functioning gets worse in many older adults. Studies have found that lion’s mane mushrooms contain two special compounds that can stimulate the growth of brain cells: hericenones and erinacines. Additionally, animal studies have found that lion’s mane may help protect against Alzheimer’s disease, a degenerative brain disease that causes progressive memory loss. In fact, lion’s mane mushroom and its extracts have been shown to reduce symptoms of memory loss in mice, as well as prevent neuronal damage caused by amyloid-beta plaques, which accumulate in the brain during Alzheimer’s disease. A study in older adults with mild cognitive impairment found that consuming 3 grams of powdered lion’s mane mushroom daily for four months significantly improved mental functioning.
This is our go-to for anyone looking to improve memory, clarity, or mental function.
2. May Speed Recovery from Nervous System Injuries
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and other nerves that travel throughout the body. These components work together to send and transmit signals that control almost every bodily function. Injuries to the brain or spinal cord can be devastating. They often cause paralysis or loss of mental functions and can take a long time to heal. However, research has found that lion’s mane mushroom extract may help speed recovery from these types of injuries by stimulating the growth and repair of nerve cells. Lion’s mane extract may also help reduce the severity of brain damage after a stroke.
3. Protects Against Ulcers in the Digestive Tract
The most fundamental traditional herbal use for lion’s mane is for gastrointestinal (GI) support. Traditional use suggests that lion’s mane has the potential to repair and protect gastrointestinal tissue, particularly the stomach in the case of ulcers. Ulcers are capable of forming anywhere along the digestive tract, including the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Stomach ulcers are often caused by two major factors: overgrowth of a bacteria called H. pylori and damage to the mucous layer of the stomach that’s often due to long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Lion’s mane extract may protect against the development of stomach ulcers by inhibiting the growth of H. pylori and protecting the stomach lining from damage. Lion’s mane extract can also reduce inflammation and prevent tissue damage in other areas of the intestines. In fact, they may help treat inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. One study in people with ulcerative colitis found that taking a mushroom supplement containing 14% lion’s mane extract significantly reduced symptoms and improved quality of life after three weeks.
4. Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to be at the root of many modern illnesses, including heart disease, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Research shows that lion’s mane mushrooms contain powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds that may help reduce the impact of these illnesses. In fact, one study examining the antioxidant abilities of 14 different mushroom species found that lion’s mane had the fourth highest antioxidant activity and recommended it be considered a good dietary source of antioxidants. Lion’s mane mushrooms may also help reduce some of the health risks associated with obesity, as they have been shown to decrease the amount of inflammation released by fat tissue. More studies are needed to determine the potential health benefits in humans, but the results from lab and animal studies are promising.
5. Boosts the Immune System
A strong immune system protects the body from bacteria, viruses, and other disease-causing pathogens. On the flip side, a weak immune system puts the body at a higher risk of developing infectious diseases. Animal research shows that lion’s mane mushroom can boost immunity by increasing the activity of the intestinal immune system, which protects the body from pathogens that enter the gut through the mouth or nose. These effects may partly be due to beneficial changes in gut bacteria that stimulate the immune system. One study even found that supplementing with lion’s mane extract daily nearly quadrupled the lifespan of mice injected with a lethal dose of salmonella bacteria.
Lion’s Mane is exceptionally high in protein, having an average of 22 grams of protein per 100 grams of dry mushrooms. It is also an incredible non-animal source of essential amino acids. The nutritional quality of these mushrooms is quite high and that the content of essential amino acids approaches that of egg protein. For vegans, or those wanting to consume less animal protein, a mushroom like this can become an integral part of your diet.
Safety and Side Effects
No human studies have examined the side effects of lion’s mane mushroom or its extract, but they appear to be very safe.
Anyone who is allergic or sensitive to mushrooms should avoid lion’s mane, since it is a species of mushroom. There have been documented cases of people experiencing difficulty breathing or skin rashes after exposure to lion’s mane mushrooms, likely related to allergies and improper preparation.
Dosage and Preparation
Lion’s mane is commonly consumed in many Asian countries for medicinal and culinary purposes. However, recommended dosage for various benefits is unknown due to a lack of studies. Pregnant women should avoid using lion’s mane products as insufficient evidence is available to determine if any dosage is safe during pregnancy.
Concluding our highlights
Lion’s mane mushroom and its extract have been shown to have a variety of health benefits. Research has found that lion’s mane may protect against dementia, reduce mild symptoms of anxiety and depression and help repair nerve damage. It also has strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune-boosting abilities and has been shown to lower the risk of heart disease, cancer, ulcers and diabetes in animals. Overall, Lion’s mane strengthens the stomach, regulates Qi, tonifies the spleen, promotes digestion, calms the shen, and strengthens the brain, making this mushroom plant highly beneficial in its consumption.
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A roll-up sewing kit was handy to have. Usually it had a pincushion, thimble holder, felt to hold pins and needles and a slot for a pair of scissors. Other thin pockets could house other items or scraps.
With three active sons and a husband who walked everywhere, socks were constantly wearing out at the heel or toe. Mary Lincoln could use something like this darning bell to help keep the sock taut while she sewed up the holes, using the spool of thread kept in the bell with the thread fed through a small hole in the bell. Needles were stored in the handle.
Wood. H 15, Dia 5.2 cm
Lincoln Home National Historic Site, LIHO 277
Mary Lincoln kept items needing mending in this basket. Although she didn’t make most of her good clothes, she made her own undergarments and work dresses. She also did most of the sewing for her sons. Mrs. Lincoln proudly boasted that she made most of her husband’s shirts until they left for Washington.
Reed. H 14, Dia 21.5 cm
Lincoln Home National Historic Site, LIHO 278
Roll-up case for sewing supplies, knobs of green velvet on ends for pincushions, holds thimble and scissors.
Silk, leather, velvet, ribbon. L 21.75, W 6, Dia 1.75 cm
Lincoln Home National Historic Site, LIHO 1288
Scissors with finger loop handles. Small scissors were useful when sewing. These fit nicely into a pocket in the housewife (LIHO 1288).
Steel. L 9, W 4, D .3 cm
Lincoln Home National Historic Site, LIHO 1397
Used to help
pull the fabric taught while sewing to get an even seam, this sewing bird would be clamped to the edge of a table and the fabric held in its beak. Parts of the bird also served as pin cushions.
Brass, velvet. H 13, W 5, D 9 cm
Lincoln Home National Historic Site, LIHO 1597
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Currently, the causes of ALS are largely unknown. Could the missing heritability be explained by complex genomic variants that are not captured with genotyping or short-read sequencing methods?
*in the United States
A serendipitous discovery led University of Washington scientists to a tandem repeat that appears to explain some cases of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS. This adds to the growing number of neurological diseases associated with tandem repeats, and provides a promising new path for identifying people at risk of developing ALS.
This discovery began with scientists interested in learning more about variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). Paul Valdmanis (@pvaldmanis), assistant professor of medical genetics, and Meredith Course, a postdoctoral fellow in his lab, were pursuing the genetic cause of ALS in a large multigenerational family with several members who had developed the disease. That work pointed them toward a region on chromosome 18 that included a known tandem repeat, seen in a fairly expanded state in affected family members.
VNTRs present a serious technical challenge for scientists. These elements can be extremely long, and with their repetitive nature, it is impossible to characterize them accurately using short-read sequencing technology and the necessary post-sequencing alignment process.
Highly accurate long reads, or HiFi reads, have allowed scientists to sequence through these challenging regions, base by base, for the most comprehensive and complete representation of even very large repeat expansions. Also known as Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) Sequencing, this technology has shed light on repeat-associated neurological diseases such as fragile X syndrome, ataxias, and more. These discoveries clearly show that both the number of repeats and any tough-to-spot base interruptions in the region can be essential to understanding which people may develop a disease and which may not.
Course and Valdmanis chose to implement SMRT Sequencing for their ALS study and wound up revealing far more than they expected. “Once we decided to pursue long-read sequencing, we were really surprised to see the patterns that arose,” Course says.
The scientists focused on a gene called WDR7, where a large, 69-base intronic repeat appeared to meet their criteria for a possible mechanism associated with spontaneous ALS. In the affected family, people with ALS had about 27-33 copies of the tandem repeat.
Using a multiplexed sequencing strategy with barcoded amplicons, the team pooled nearly 300 samples and analyzed the WDR7 gene in each.
The VNTR was not what they anticipated. “We call it a living, breathing repeat,” Valdmanis adds. “It was actually growing in one direction. As it’s building, it’s adding these new repeat units, two at a time.”
With SMRT Sequencing, the scientists had no trouble getting an accurate count of the repeat in each sample. Perhaps more importantly, they were able to identify six of the 69 bases that varied across the repeat expansion. Those bases, and only those bases, changed across the entire VNTR. What they discovered was a clear pattern of variability or ‘interruption sequences’. “That gave us confidence that we had a very accurate method to call these nucleotides across the repeat,” Valdmanis says.
“With most research in tandem repeats, what they’re measuring is the length of the repeat,” says Course. “What long-read sequencing gives us is the internal nucleotide structure. That’s just unprecedented, and it’s extremely valuable.”
An in-depth investigation found that each repeat unit forms a structure that has the potential to produce microRNAs, as the scientists report in their publication in the American Journal of Human Genetics.
The team could have stopped there, but instead pressed on to learn more about this intriguing tandem repeat. They used data from the 1,000 Genomes Project to chart patterns of the VNTR across geographic populations, finding that not all internal repeat motifs are present in all groups. In addition, they considered the evolutionary history of the VNTR. The sequence is present in no more than a single copy in our bonobo, chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan cousins, so the repeat expansion appears to be specific to the human lineage. However, it appears in expanded form in Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes, so it must have begun expanding before the emergence of modern humans.
“This is a really neat example of what so often happens in science, starting in one place and ending up somewhere else,” Course says. “We started out looking at something that was involved in disease and were surprised to find ourselves moving into population genetics and evolution.”
Valdmanis and his team hope that this study encourages other scientists to explore their VNTRs of interest with PacBio long-read sequencing. For their part, they plan to continue on this path in addition to their ongoing focus on understanding the role of the WDR7 repeat in sporadic ALS. “Now that we have a pipeline established and know how to amplify and understand the individual variation in repeats, we’re taking a look at other repeats that seem to have extended in a similar manner after the primate split,” he says. “We can use this technology to evaluate how repeats expand across the genome.”
It promises to be a fruitful quest. After all, tandem repeats appear to have strong association with diseases, particularly neurological ones. Many human-specific VNTRs are involved in synaptic transmission. “If we look at human-specific tandem repeats, these are areas of the genome that evolved fairly recently” — such as the brain, Course notes.
“These are genes that potentially could have expanded as drivers of evolution,” Valdmanis adds. “Perhaps the brain has an increased propensity for somatic expansion.”
Every May is ALS Awareness Month, and we’re hoping to help by spotlighting two deserving publications from scientists at the University of Washington and at the Mayo Clinic.Read Post
There are several hereditary ataxias, and genetic testing is increasingly useful for pinpointing the exact type affecting a patient.Read Article
PacBio No-Amp targeted sequencing uses the CRISPR-Cas9 system and enables scientists to access previously unsequencable regions of the genome.Learn More
If you have a question, need to check the status of an order, or are interested in purchasing an instrument, we're here to help.
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Performing first aid can be confronting in any situation. However, having basic knowledge of what to do can sometimes be the difference between life and death.
Like any living being, our furry friends may experience health problems or a medical emergency in their lifetime. As pet owners, it is our responsibility to have the resources and skillset to assist us in responding to these issues appropriately.
If your pet is injured or falls ill, the leading Australian vets recommend pet owners follow the ABC rule for how you should respond to the situation.
A-B-C is an acronym for:
Airways: Is anything blocking the animal’s airway?
Breathing: Is the animal breathing normally?
Circulation: Can you feel a pulse or the heart beating?
In any given situation, if you find yourself answering ‘no’ to any of the questions above then you need to contact your veterinarian immediately.
CPR is something every pet owner should be familiar with. If your pet stops breathing, CPR is the best chance you have at saving their life. Before you begin CPR make sure your pet is lying on their right side so that their heart is facing up.
Step 1: Establish an open airway by opening your pet’s mouth and pulling their tongue forward. Look inside their mouth and make sure there is no foreign matter, if you can see something clearly, use your finger to get it out.
Step 2: Look, listen, and feel for any signs of breathing. If there are no signs of life, give 4-5 rescue breaths right away. On a large dog you can do this by holding their snout closed and sealing you mouth around the dog’s nose. On a smaller dog and cat your mouth will naturally seal around the animal’s mouth and nose at the same time. Begin to breathe in and out.
Step 3: Check for a heartbeat or pulse before you begin chest compressions.
Step 4: If you identify that there is still no heartbeat or pulse begin chest compressions. It is recommended that you begin with 15 rapid compressions on the chest, check for any sign of a pulse. You can continue CPR for up to 20 minutes, it is best to try and get to the emergency veterinarian’s office as soon as possible for professional assistance.
Pet owners should also keep a first aid kit, specifically designed for pets, in your home so that you have the supplies you may require in dire situations.
Within your pet’s first aid kit, you should consider including the following items:
- Medical records for your pet and emergency numbers
If your pet is experiencing a medical emergency, the last thing you will want to be doing is searching your house for their medical records as well as the number for the emergency veterinarian. Keeping all of this documentation in one safe spot will leave you confident that you know exactly where these documents are should you require them.
- Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide can be used to clean small wounds. In addition, it can be used to induce vomiting if your pet has ingested something toxic. However, it is important to note that you should always consult a poison control professional or your veterinarian before inducing vomiting.
- Antibiotic ointment
Keeping antibiotic ointment in your pet’s first aid kit will allow you to clean minor cuts and scratches. This will help prevent infection, relieve pain, and acts as a barrier to bacteria and germs.
- Gauze, scissors, tape, rubber gloves
These items are essential components of any first aid kit. Gauze can control bleeding; tape can hold gauze in place and scissors will help cut the gauze. Finally, rubber gloves are an integral item in any medical emergency as they protect you from blood and other bodily fluids,
It is important that you have the knowledge and resources to help protect your pet during these dire moments. The time spent preparing for the worst will surely take away certain anxiety and stress you may feel should these situations actually happen.
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Cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors are often used as boosting agents in combination with other drugs. This drug development strategy is front and center for Paxlovid, the new anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatment from Pfizer. Paxlovid is a combination therapy, comprised of two protease inhibitors, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. It significantly reduces the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization in high-risk adults and is ingested orally rather than injected, which is an advantage over other SARS-CoV-2 treatments, such as Remdesivir.
Nirmatrelvir was originally developed by Pfizer almost 20 years ago to treat HIV and works by blocking enzymes that help viruses replicate. Pfizer created another version of this drug to combat SARS in 2003, but, once that outbreak ended, further development was put on pause until the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. After developing an intravenous form of nirmatrelvir early in the pandemic, Pfizer created another version that can be taken orally and combined it with ritonavir.
When ritonavir was originally developed, it wasn’t considered particularly useful because it metabolized so quickly in the body. Now it is recognized as a pharmacokinetic enhancer in combination with other drugs. Ritonivir inhibits CYP3A4, an enzyme which plays a key role in the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. By inhibiting CYP3A4, ritonivir slows the metabolism of other drugs. In the case of Paxlovid, this allows nirmatrelvir to stay in the body longer at a high enough concentration to be effective against the virus. This ultimately means that patients can be given lower doses of the drug with reducing efficacy.
Despite significant advancements in antimalarial drugs and widespread efforts to prevent transmission over the past decade, deaths from malaria remain high, particularly in younger children. New drugs with novel modes of action are urgently needed to continue reducing mortality and address drug resistance in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. While tens of thousands of compounds have been identified as potential candidates through massive screening efforts, scalable methods for identifying the most effective compounds are needed.
Enter firefly luciferase, a dynamic reporter tool to investigate drug action. By creating transgenic P. falciparum that express the luc reporter gene, the researchers could monitor drug action over time. When the parasite is killed, it stops making the luciferase reporter. Since there is no new production of luciferase, levels fall quickly after the parasite dies, and a luciferase assay can determine how fast each drug killed the parasite.
When the Spectrum Compact CE System launched in June 2020, all the instrument service engineers that are part of the Promega Global Service & Support (GSS) Team needed to be trained on using and fixing the instrument. This is a challenging endeavor in the best of times, but the COVID-19 pandemic made it even more difficult. Thanks to the work of some dedicated teams and individuals, Promega service engineers around the world were able to receive remote instrument training. But how do you teach someone to repair an instrument when you can’t be in the same room?
Today’s guest blog is written by Jayme Miller, a Human Resources Generalist at Promega, who has some tips for creating an IDP that will help you achieve your goals. Individual Development Plans (IDPs) are common career development tools used in industry, and there has been a push for PhD programs to incorporate career development tools such as IDPs. By creating an IDP, employees and students both have a formal way to communicate their career goals and help them stay on track.
There is one question I am frequently asked by candidates during the interview process—“Is employee development a focus at this organization?” Employees frequently tell me they are looking for employers and opportunities where they will have the ability to learn, grow and develop. While that all sounds great, it is important to have an upfront and transparent discussion about roles, responsibilities and expectations when it comes to employee development.
Many organizations indicate that they have an employee development “program” at their organization, but when they begin talking about their program, they describe their performance management process. Often, they will describe how employees are evaluated and provided feedback from their manager. Feedback is a key component for employee development, but it is up to the employee to use that feedback to create action items that will give them the opportunity to learn and grow.
Often employees believe that employee development is something provided by companies to employees, that it is something that employers make happen for employees. Good organizations will offer continuous learning opportunities and a feedback culture that allows employees to learn and grow. However, no employee development program will work for an employee who is not fully engaged in their own development and does not take ownership over the process. It is ultimately the employee’s responsibility to ensure they are actively taking the steps to develop within their role and within their organization.
Studying protein function in live cells is limited by the tools available to analyze the expression and interactions of those proteins. Although mass spectrometry and antibody-based protein detection are valuable technologies for protein analysis, both methods have drawbacks that limit the range of targets and contexts in which proteins can be investigated.
Mass spectrometry is often poor at detecting low-abundance proteins. Antibody-based techniques require high quality, specific antibodies, which can be difficult to impossible to acquire. Both methods require cell lysis, preventing real-time analysis and limiting the physiological relevance, and both methods can be limiting for higher-throughput analysis. While plasmid-based overexpression of tagged target proteins simplifies detection and can allow for real time analysis, protein levels don’t typically resemble endogenous levels. Overexpression also has the potential to create experimental artifacts or limit the dynamic range of an observed response.
While their findings showed that this method provides efficient and specific tagging of endogenous proteins, the research was limited to just five different proteins within a single signaling pathway in two cell lines. This left unanswered questions about whether this approach was scalable, had broader applications and how accurately the natural biology of the cells was represented.
A few weeks into Wisconsin’s Safer at Home order, I saw a tweet from Sarah McAnulty, PhD, the founder and Executive Director of Skype a Scientist, proclaiming that the organization was making a big change in response to the COVID-19 pandemic—they were allowing groups smaller than five people to sign up, meaning that families stuck at home during the pandemic could meet a scientist virtually in their living room.
Skype a Scientist provides an easy way to for people to meet a scientist and allows scientists to reach people from all over the world without having to leave the lab. Teachers (and now families) can choose the type of scientist that is a good fit, from computer scientists to marine biologists and everything in between. You can also request a scientist from a group that is underrepresented in STEM fields so that participants can see a scientist who looks like them or can relate to their experiences.
I learned about Skype a Scientist a few years ago after listening to an episode of the HelloPhD podcast. I remember wishing this program had existed when I was a high school science teacher, so I was ecstatic to learn it was now possible to participate and immediately filled out the online application for our family to be matched with a scientist. We received our match the next day and scheduled a call with our scientist the following week.
It’s the time of year in the northern US when you start to
the miss green grass, ample daylight and warm breezes that are still months
away. The promise of spring’s renewal and seedlings sprouting from the
snow-covered ground seems too far out to even indulge in a daydream of better
But then again, I’m not a farmer.
Now is the time of year when farmers are reflecting on last
year’s harvest, making decisions about changes that need to be made and
planning for the upcoming growing season. This work includes choosing what
plants and varieties will be planted, estimating how many of each are needed
and ordering the seeds. Crop rotation and cover crops are also part of the
If you’re a regular reader of this blog, you may know that Promega has a culinary garden that supplies some of the produce for our cafeterias on the Madison campus. During the growing season our Culinary Gardener, Logan Morrow, oversees the operations of Bluebird Farms with the help of his colleage Mike Daugherty.
When you think of sustainability, what comes to mind? Immediately, my brain imagines vast collections of plastic in the ocean and carbon emissions from millions of cars. I’m guessing that, like me, you didn’t think about optimizing the synthesis of chemical reactions to reduce toxicity or energy usage. Although we’re often focused on the more visible forms of waste, sustainability applies to an enormous range of human activities.
Promega is committed to integrating the principles of sustainability across all aspects of our business. One recent area of focus for our PBI branch is a shift toward Green Chemistry. PBI synthesizes reagents and small molecules used in Promega products. After deciding “it was the right thing to do for our customers and for the environment,” the leader of Promega’s Corporate Responsibility Program, Corey Meek, assembled a few individuals to start a conversation about implementing Green Chemistry principles.
“It was the right thing to do for our customers and for the environment.”
Synthetic biology—genetically engineering an organism to do or make something useful—is the central goal of the iGEM competition each year. After teams conquer the challenge of cloning their gene, the next hurdle is demonstrating that the engineered gene is expressing the desired protein (and possibly quantifying the level of expression), which they may do using a reporter gene.
Reporters can also play a more significant role in iGEM projects when teams design their organism with reporter genes to detect and signal the presence of specific molecules, like environmental toxins or biomarkers. Three of the iGEM teams Promega sponsored this year opted to incorporate some version of NanoLuc® Luciferase into their projects.
NanoLuc® luciferase is a small monomeric enzyme (19.1kDa, 171 amino acids) based on the luciferase from the deep sea shrimp Oplophorus gracilirostris. This engineered enzyme uses a novel substrate, furimazine, to produce high-intensity, glow-type luminescence in an ATP-independent reaction. Unlike other molecules for tagging and detecting proteins, NanoLuc® luciferase is less likely to interfere with enzyme activity and affect protein production due to its small size.
NanoLuc® Luciferase has also been engineered into a structural complementation reporter system, NanoBiT® Luciferase, that contains a Large subunit (LgBiT) and two small subunit options: low affinity SmBiT and high affinity HiBiT. Together, these NanoLuc® technologies provide a bioluminescent toolbox that was used by the iGEM teams to address a diverse set of biological challenges.
Here is an overview of each team’s project and how they
incorporated NanoLuc® technology.
After attending the iGEM Giant Jamboree last year and being completely blown away by the projects presented (check out this article or this one), I didn’t think I’d be as astonished this year. I attributed part of the awe I felt over the caliber and quality of the projects to my wide-eyed naiveté, having never attended the event before. The second time around, the “first-time” novelty long worn off, I didn’t expect to feel that same level of amazement.
I couldn’t have been more wrong.
After three days of impressive presentations, I once again felt that same astonishment as I prepared to watch the presentations of the 6 finalists. With good reason—the projects presented by the six finalists completely blew my mind!
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The world’s top athletes, including Olympians, rarely start competing at a young age or specialize early in the sport that will make them champions, according to a provocative new study of the athletic backgrounds of thousands of successful athletes. Instead, the study finds, most world champions sample one sport after another as children and gain mastery in their chosen activities considerably later than other, more focused young athletes whom they eventually go on to defeat.
The study, which involved male and female competitors in a wide range of sports, offers lessons and cautions for parents, coaches and child athletes about how to understand talent, manage expectations, build an athletic career and recalibrate the long-term importance for 7- or 8-year-olds of making — or missing out on — select teams in children’s leagues.
If you are a sports parent, though, it is difficult not to believe that athletic success for your children requires early specialization. Most of us are all too familiar with the tropes about tiny sports prodigies and their outsize success, such as Tiger Woods making tee shots at age 2 or Venus and Serena Williams slamming tennis aces while still in elementary school.
Read the whole story (subscription may be required): The New York TimesMore of our Members in the Media >
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Kaysersberg lays north-west of Colmar, on the eastern slopes of the Vosges Mountains. The name means Emperor’s Mountain. Kaysersberg is considered one of the most beautiful cities on the wine route.
The high fortress that dominates the city serves as a reminder of both its strategic importance and its warlike past. Kaysersberg is one of the finest wine growing areas in Alsace.
The first vines were brought here in the 16th century from Hungary, and wine production is still an important aspect of the town’s economy today.
Wine produced from the Tokay (Pinot Gris) variety is a local specialty. Kaysersberg was the birthplace of Albert Schweitzer (1875 - 1965), theologian, musician, philosopher, and physician.
★ Open the Google Maps link in a new window at the location: Kaysersberg
Click on a picture to view it in full screen mode.
Display captions on images:
★ Don’t miss: Most beautiful photos of France
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Recognise your Pantones from your CMYK, untangle GSMs from microns, in our glossary of printing terminology
It is very difficult to print exactly to the edge of a sheet of paper so, to achieve this, it’s necessary to print a slightly larger area than is needed and then trim the paper down to the required finished size. Bleed is the area of artwork that extends beyond the dimensions of your printed document. Artwork and background colours should extend into the bleed area. After trimming, the bleed ensures that no unprinted edges are left on the final trimmed document.
Crop Marks or Trim Marks
Artwork is printed on oversized sheets of paper larger than the size of the printed document, your job is then trimmed down to the correct size. Crop marks are a guide for the printer to know where to trim the artwork to make it the correct size once it’s printed.
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black is the colour spectrum of inks and toners used in printing.
Red, Green, Blue is the digital colour spectrum for displaying images on screens.
Portable document format. This is the ideal file format we need to print your document.
‘Dots per inch’ is a printing term still used today, sometimes incorrectly, to refer to ‘pixels per inch’ which indicates the resolution of a photo or image at a given size.
High resolution or ‘Hi-res’
A high resolution image has more detail and therefore is the appropriate quality for printing. Higher DPI/PPI images appear vivid, vibrant and detailed in print.
Laser and ink-jet printing directly from digital files such as PDFs. Fast turnaround printing of small quantities and printing on demand for as little as one copy.
A process using metallic printing plates and inks.
Pantone or PMS (Pantone Matching System)
A set of standard ink colours for printing, each specified by a single number.
A spot colour is any colour generated by one ink. The litho printing process is composed of four spot colours: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black (the K stands for ‘Key’) commonly referred to as CMYK. Spot colour is generally used to refer to a Pantone colour.
‘Grams per square metre’ indicates paper weight of a substrate. For example, leaflets are commonly printed on 150gsm, standard photocopying paper tends to be 80gsm, business cards are commonly printed on 350gsm.
Industry standard software/app used to design and publish high quality documents across a full spectrum of print and digital media.
Industry standard vector graphics software/app used to create logos, icons, sketches, typography, and complex illustrations for print, web, interactive, video, and mobile.
Industry standard software/app for digitally editing images for print, web, and mobile.
Design and layout tool for print and digital publishing.
Measurement in micro metres of the thickness of a sheet of paper.
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To provide you with an overview on New And existing technologies, hopefully helping you understand the changes in the technology. Together with the overviews we hope to bring topical issues to light from a series of independent reviewers saving you the time And hassle of fact finding over the web.
We will over time provide you with quality content which you can browse and subscribe to at your leisure.
This TekSpek explains what perpendicular hard disk recording is, why it matters and what disks currently support it.
With hard disk capacities reaching some tough physical limits with longitudinal recording, as manufacturers struggle to improve aereal density of HDDs as they approach 1TB in capacity, the disk vendors have had to come up with better ways to pack data onto a disk's platters.
We mentioned longitudinal recording for a reason, so let's explain that first. Hard disks work by a read/write head passing over a spinning platter, where the head sets the orientation of a magnetic field which represents a single bit of data on the disk. The platters pack these individual magnetic regions close together in order to achieve high data density.
Longitudinal recording lays the fields out flat. Think of a woman lying on her back, in terms of physical orientation. Now imagine how many women you could fit into a given area, should they all be lying down like that.
Now think of how many women you could get into the same space if
they were all standing up. Makes sense, therefore, that hard disk
vendors would start to think about orienting the magnetic regions
on a disk platter in much the same fashion. Performance and aereal
density can rise usefully, and costs can come down for drives of
the same size, due to less platters being needed for the same space.
How it works
The concept is a simple one. Use a 'strong' magnetic material with a higher coercivity (field intensity) than used on previous disks, and a new read/write head that's able to work with the material layer in such a way that manipulating single bits on the platter is a possibility.
The higher intensity makes it possible to keep bits stable when perpendicular to the surface, and crucially stable at operating temperature. That's pretty much it.
Drives using the new technology
Toshiba were the first to market with a 1.8" portable disk, with Seagate not far behind with their 2.5" Momentus 5400.3 range (160GB version here). For desktop PCs, Seagate's Barracuda 7200.10 range on both PATA and SATA interfaces uses the technology, and for server and high-end workstation applications you can look for Seagate's Cheetah 15K.5 disks, up to 300GB in size and using SCSI.
What it means in the future
Perpendicular recording for hard disks is the next step in creating high-density disks to match current form factors. It's simply a means to cram more data into the same space. Think in the future of iPod Mini-sized devices with 60GB or more, desktop HDDs with well over 1TB and notebook HDDs exceeding 500GB.
More data in the same space is what it enables, mainly. Almost
all magnetic HDDs in the long-term future will make use of the technology,
so you'll get it by default.
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How Anne-Flore Laloë is chronicling the life and works of a scientific institution.
From Albert Einstein’s love letters and Marie Curie’s scruffy lab notebooks to photos of graffiti scrawled on a wall by Francis Crick, archival material can provide an unparalleled treasure trove for historians to excavate the personal stories hiding behind the science. Anne-Flore Laloë has recently taken up the challenge of chronicling the twists and turns and ups and downs of life at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) – as the lab’s first archivist.
Carefully placing a cardboard box in the middle of an empty room, Anne-Flore smiles to herself about the small piece of history she has just acquired. The container, home to a large collection of photographs donated by an EMBL alumnus, is one of the first contributions to the Laboratory’s new archive – a project to preserve and catalogue material that is often at risk of being forgotten and to make it widely accessible. “There was a danger that a century from now we might look back and much of EMBL’s history would have been inadvertently lost,” says Anne-Flore, who joined EMBL in January 2016. “With this project, we are making sure that EMBL’s unique past and present is available to scientists, historians, philosophers and more in the future.”
Spurred by warnings from the academic community that the history of the molecular life sciences is at risk of vanishing unless active steps are taken to protect it, EMBL’s Alumni Association launched the archive initiative with the aim of safeguarding the Laboratory’s heritage. “This idea was really galvanised by EMBL’s 40th anniversary,” says Anne-Flore. “EMBL has grown rapidly and represents a huge chapter in the history of molecular biology in Europe. Each person who leaves the Laboratory takes away a chunk of our story with them – but you can collect this, be proactive and make sure that your past and present is available for the future.
“Our goal is to collect unpublished, original material in whatever format it exists – letters, photographs, reports, notebooks, memoirs, lab books, memos, emails, article drafts, databases, official documents, you name it – and safeguard it for future generations. Archives take the user on a journey of discovery. You might unearth hidden stories, missing information, or inspirational ideas, as well as learn more about what people were actually thinking, feeling and doing at the time. One of my tasks is to find ways to contextualise the material we gather in connection with other science archives – such as at CERN, the Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, and many more – that collectively tell the wider narrative of the history of science in Europe. It’s an exciting feeling to think much of this awaits documentation and discovery.”
Cutting through the stereotype of a basement-dwelling academic whose only company is row upon row of dusty boxes, Anne-Flore is outgoing, energetic and excited about her mission. She has already met with alumni and people across all five of EMBL’s sites, raising awareness and gathering ideas for what she describes as a big community project that belongs to everyone who has been part of the EMBL story. Her take-home message for this large number of protagonists: “Throw nothing away! At least not before considering what you might have to offer the archive.”
“Imagine getting your hands on the original manuscript of a famous song, or an initial sketch of an influential painting – look hard enough and the same thing can be found in science,” she says. “Archived material can have huge social significance, ignite public interest and provide insights into how things really happened, enriching our understanding above and beyond the ‘official’ record. Scholars using the Royal Society archive in the UK, for example, have recently shed new light on the crucial role of women in practising, popularising and communicating science during Victorian times by comparing letters, documents and other rare materials with official literature. It revealed remarkable contributions that add new dimensions to our understanding of science during these times.”
Anne-Flore is quick to point out that such insights might come from something as unremarkable as a notebook, an article draft or a quick email. “We are looking for the ordinary as much as the extraordinary,” she explains. “The creativity of people who have access to archives is mind-blowing – seemingly innocuous notes might inspire plays, songs, books and poems – while at the same time this information can deliver important clues in understanding how certain ideas are generated. What changed between the first draft and the published version? How did the thinking evolve along the way? Why did you circle that paragraph with red ink seven times? All of this information is cocooned in everyday material, both analogue and digital.”
How can you contribute?
When people feel they have something to offer EMBL’s archive, Anne-Flore urges them to get in touch with her as she can offer advice on ways to effectively capture the information, as well as discussing aspects such as access rights and confidentiality. “Sometimes I meet with people and the first thing they will do is look around their office and say ‘As you can see, I do not have much here!’” she explains. “But everyone has their own personal archive – it might be a filing cabinet, a box of photographs at the bottom of a cupboard, or document folders on a laptop. These items might seem irrelevant to you, but they could be of significant importance to the collective memory of EMBL. Anything that you donate in confidence will remain so.”
The first item to be deposited in the archive came with a certain amount of humour – EMBL Director General Iain Mattaj donated a laser pointer that stopped working during the launch of the concept in 2010. Other items include a copy of the original proposal for the establishment of EMBL from 1967, a box of official and social photographs, and a commemorative flag from EMBL’s 40th anniversary celebrations. But Anne-Flore is on the hunt for much more. “The material that we look after might be frozen in time, but our activities are not,” she says. “The archive will be active and modern, continuously growing and evolving. There is a massive resource to be tapped in terms of both material and knowledge – ultimately we want to create a resource that is comprehensive, easy to navigate and accessible to scholars the world over.”
One challenge lies in getting people to recognise the value of their material, particularly in the digital era when data can be deleted at the touch of a button. “While the medium has changed, the essence of the conversation hasn’t – people think that letters were only full of important information, while in fact they could be just as informal as today’s emails,” she explains. “I once read a letter from a taxonomist to his colleague. He ended the note with a complaint bemoaning the fact that his servant was ill and he was being forced to eat out everyday – poor him! We can learn a lot from these interactions. It’s the personal meeting the scientific, and letters of the past are not much different to the email exchanges that we have nowadays.”
Anne-Flore, who holds a PhD in geography, joined EMBL from the Marine Biological Association of the UK, where she was responsible for the Association’s varied historical collections. This included a herbarium, with specimens dating back to the 1800s. “Specimens were often beautifully preserved in albums, the colours as brilliant today as when they were collected. But by teasing out the accompanying letters, we were able to learn more about what life was like for collectors, or where a rare species was first spotted. It is interesting to try and imagine, a century from now, how people will look at the work we are doing today at EMBL, and then be able to understand who did what and why. Whether it is a specimen of seaweed, or a re-jigged machine that enables you to focus on something specific, you give a voice to the person who was there in the first place. It is like a time capsule.”
A first practical step is to create the database and begin cataloguing in earnest before the end of the year, creating an interface that will make the archive accessible to the world. “Someone might want to know what the first annual report of EMBL looked like, learn more about the first director general, or how the staff association was founded,” she adds. “Or it might be that a neat sketch from a researcher can be used in a presentation to school children. The success of the project and the eventual shape that the archive will take [are] entirely dependent on what people are willing and able to give us. And that’s the other side to it: our archive is a resource to get people excited about EMBL and the personal stories that are the essence of scientific life.”
The original version of this article appeared in the Spring 2015 issue of EMBLetc, the magazine of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory.
This article, about establishing a scientific archive, is a wake-up call for schools. Although easy access to online information often seems sufficient for students, the originality and objectivity of science topics can be more easily grasped using authentic material. Archives can provide the context to scientific discoveries – a moment of inspiration against a background of routine data collection and analysis.
The article could be used as the basis of a discussion on the importance of building on previous knowledge, to avoid the loss or unnecessary duplication of research results. Students could also discuss appropriate ways to catalogue and store archive materials. They could even create their own archive, after agreeing on what its purpose is, what they want to archive, and how they are going to preserve and catalogue the items.
Friedlinde Krotscheck, Germany
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The concept of credit may seem like a modern day invention but it is believed that crediting is as old as the invention of the wheel.
The earliest known instance of crediting happened in Sumer (modern-day southern Iraq) 3500 BC. In the year 1800 BC, the first known laws surrounding credit, The Code of Hammurabi, was written in Babylon. In 50 BC, philosopher Cicero of The Roman Republic penned an account of his neighbour purchasing land through the use of credit.
Modern cred reporting, however, is believed to have originated from England in 1803, involving a group of English tailors.
What is credit?
Do not despair if you are not entirely sure of this term. Simply put, credit is borrowed money from banks and financial institutions that is paid back at a later time, which normally includes both the interest and the principal sum. This is in contrast to debit, whereby goods and services are paid with money that you currently own or possess.
A significant advantage of paying through credit is the ability to pay for something that you otherwise might not be able to. For example, if you want to study in a university but do not have the tuition money as required, you can take a student credit loan to finance your education.
Today, credit is inseparable from our daily lives and we often need it for big item purchases. If you intend to buy a car or a house, the most common option is to take up a credit loan from a bank.
Different types of credit products
There are two types of credit products: secured credit and unsecured credit.
Secured credit is defined as a loan that is tied to a collateral. Collateral is an asset pledged as security for the repayment of a loan. Should you fail to make payment in time, the collateral will be forfeited. Some examples of secured credits are vehicle loans, housing loans, secured credit cards and secured overdrafts.
Conversely, unsecured credit is money loaned that is not pegged to a collateral. Some examples of unsecured credits include renovation loans, study loans, unsecured credit cards and unsecured overdrafts.
When you apply for credit, be sure to know what type of credit you are applying for.
Repercussions of poor credit behaviour
After you have been granted credit successfully, it is very important to ensure that the payment is made in full and on time. If you do not, a late fee and an interest will often be charged. If there is a prolonged period of partial and late payments, you could incur a debt that may very well go out of control.
Furthermore, if you are unable to make complete and punctual payments, your credit payment records will be tainted. This, in turn, will affect your credit score. A poor credit score will discourage credit lenders from providing you with any future loans.
Before you sign up for a credit card or take up a loan, be aware of the terms and conditions of your credit application. Follow it closely to avoid incurring an enormous debt.
Advantages of exemplary credit behaviour
On the flip side, there are multiple rewards and advantages to having a good credit behaviour.
Aside from not having to worry about accumulating debt, you are essentially building a positive credit reputation. Banks and financial institutions will often offer better than usual interest rates on credit applications to those with a positive credit score.
Many credit card issuers often have a reward programme that can be very attractive. This comes in the form of cashbacks, vouchers, vacations, air miles and more.
Now that you are aware of what credit is, you might want to learn more on how to build a great credit reputation.
With My Credit Reports (MCR) or My Credit Monitor (MCM) from Credit Bureau Singapore, you can now better manage your credit reputation. For comprehensive information on our products or to learn more about credit, you can visit our website or sign up for our free Consumer Credit talks through our Facebook Page @Creditbureausingapore.
This article is originally written and contributed by Credit Bureau Singapore.
Read these next:
4 Common Money Mistakes To Avoid During COVID-19 Circuit Breaker
2 Strategies To Consider When Clearing Crushing Debt In Singapore
5 Essential Tips To Get Rid Of Debt As You Enter 2021
MAS’ Credit Limit Management Measure: How To Reduce Your Unsecured Debt
Personal Loans, Balance Transfers and Credit Lines: The Pros and Cons Rundown
Credit Bureau (Singapore) Pte Ltd (CBS) is Singapore’s most comprehensive consumer credit bureau that has full-industry uploads from all retail banks and major financial institutions. CBS assists members in their credit approval process and protects their credit profile, by providing objective and factual information collated from members.
4 Serious Consequences of Skipping Loan Payments
What Happens If: You Skip Credit Card Bills, Loan & BNPL Payments
4 Ways You Didn’t Know Are Sabotaging Your Credit Reputation
Should You Get A Credit Card When You Start A Job?
Do You Know What Goes On Your Credit Report?
Column: How Do People Stay Rich When Their Business Goes Bankrupt?
5 Things You Should Know About Credit Score
The Different Types of Credit Lines in Singapore & How You Can Use Them
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The American Marten
American Marten (Martes americana)
Animals A-Z finds us with the American Martin, an agile tree-living member of the weasel family that hunts for small mammals and birds among the conifer forests of North America.
American Marten – Life span
Normally 10-15 years. American marten in captivity may live for 15 years. The oldest individual documented in the wild was 14.5 years old. Survival rates vary by geographic region, exposure to trapping, habitat quality, and age. In an unharvested population in northeastern Oregon, the probability of survival of American marten ≥9 months old was 0.55 for 1 year, 0.37 for 2 years, 0.22 for 3 years, and 0.15 for 4 years. The mean annual probability of survival was 0.63 for 4 years. In a harvested population in east-central Alaska, annual adult survival rates ranged from 0.51 to 0.83 over 3 years of study. Juvenile survival rates were lower, ranging from 0.26 to 0.50. In Newfoundland, annual adult survival was 0.83. Survival of juveniles from October to April was 0.76 in a protected population, but 0.51 in areas open to snaring and trapping. In western Quebec, natural mortality rates were higher in clear cut areas than in unlogged areas.
American Marten – Statistics
30-45cm long with a 16-24cm tail, and weighing 0.5-1.5kg.
American Marten – Physical Description
Martens are agile and graceful members of the weasel family with long slender bodies and tails, and thick fur. The American marten has rich chocolaty fur with a small, pale bib on the throat.
The American marten is a long, slender-bodied weasel about the size of a mink with relatively large rounded ears, short limbs, and a bushy tail. American marten have a roughly triangular head and sharp nose. Their long, silky fur ranges in color from pale yellowish buff to tawny brown to almost black. Their head is usually lighter than the rest of their body, while the tail and legs are darker. American marten usually have a characteristic throat and chest bib ranging in color from pale straw to vivid orange. Sexual dimorphism is pronounced, with males averaging about 15% larger than females in length and as much as 65% larger in body weight.
Total length ranges from 1.5 to 2.2 feet (0.5–0.7 m),with tail length of 5.4 to 6.4 inches (135-160 mm), Adult weight ranges from 1.1 to 3.1 pounds (0.5–1.4 kg)and varies by age and location. Other than size, sexes are similar in appearance. American marten have limited body-fat reserves, experience high mass-specific heat loss, and have a limited fasting endurance. In winter, individuals may go into shallow torpor daily to reduce heat loss.
American Marten – Distribution
Northern North America to Sierra Nevada and the Rockies in Colorado and California. The marten lives in mature coniferous or mixed forests in Alaska and Canada, the Pacific Northwest of the United States and south into Northern New England and through the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada. Small groups of martens live in the Midwest in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Trapping and destruction of forest habitat have reduced its numbers, but it is still much more abundant than the larger fisher. The Newfoundland subspecies of this animal (Martes americana atrata) is considered to be threatened.
American Marten – Habitat
Northern coniferous forests.The marten is broadly distributed in northern North America. From north to south its range extends from the northern limit of treeline in arctic Alaska and Canada to northern New Mexico. From east to west its distribution extends from Newfoundland and south west to Napa County, California. In Canada and Alaska, American marten distribution is vast and continuous. In the western United States, American marten distribution is limited to mountain ranges that provide preferred habitat. Over time, the distribution of American marten has contracted and expanded regionally, with local extirpations and successful recolonizations occurring in the Great Lakes region and some parts of the Northeast. The American marten has been reintroduced in several areas where extinction occurred
American Marten – Diet
Small mammals and birds are a staple of American marten. They are opportunistic predators, influenced by local and seasonal abundance and availability of potential prey.They require about 80 cal/day while at rest, the equivalent of about 3 voles (Microtus, Myodes, and Phenacomys spp.). Voles dominate diets throughout the American marten’s geographic range, though larger prey—particularly snowshoe hares—may be important, particularly in winter. Red-backed voles (Myodes spp.) are generally taken in proportion to their availability, while meadow voles (Microtus’ spp.) are taken in excess of their availability in most areas. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and shrews (Soricidae) are generally eaten less than expected, but may be important food items in areas lacking alternative prey species. Birds were the most important prey item in terms of frequency and volume on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Fish may be important in coastal areas.
American marten diet may shift seasonally or annually. In general, diet is more diverse in summer than winter, with summer diets containing more fruit, other vegetation, and insects. Diet is generally more diverse in the eastern and southern parts of American marten’s distribution compared to the western part, though there is high diversity in the Pacific states. American marten exhibit the least diet diversity in the subarctic, though diversity may also be low in areas where the diet is dominated by large prey species (e.g., snowshoe hares or red squirrels).
American marten may be important seed dispersers; seeds generally pass through the animal intact, and seeds are likely germinable. One study from Chichagof Island, southeast Alaska, found that Alaska blueberry (Vaccinium alaskensis) and ovalleaf huckleberry (V. ovalifolium) seeds had higher germination rates after passing through the gut of American marten compared to seeds that dropped from the parent plant. Analyses of American marten movement and seed passage rates suggested that American marten could disperse seeds long distances: 54% of the distances analyzed were >0.3 mile (0.5 km).
American Marten – Behavior
Martens are very agile and leap from branch to branch through the trees, marking their common pathways with scent. They are usually solitary hunters.
American Marten – Reproduction
Mating occurs during the late summer but the fertilized eggs do not implant in the uterus for 6-7 months. Gestation after that is only 2 months, with the young being born in early spring. The litter is usually 1-5 and the young are born blind, deaf and only sparsely furred. They are weaned at 2 months, and can hunt for themselves at 3-4 months.
Hunting and habitat loss has led to a decline in populations, but the species is not considered threatened
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San Marcos is a Gothic church in Jerez de la Frontera. It originates from one of the six parishes founded by King Alfonso X of Castile after his conquest of the city in 1264. The current edifice was likely started in the mid-14th century, due to the style of its polygonal apse and the Mudéjar portal, perhaps above a pre-existing mosque. The construction is anyway not documented until the middle of the 15th century, including a substantial renovation in late Gothic style.
The church has three façades, with a main entrance portal in Mannerist style (16th century). The interior has a Baroque high altar (18th century)References:
The Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere is one of the oldest churches of Rome. The basic floor plan and wall structure of the church date back to the 340s, and much of the structure to 1140-43. The first sanctuary was built in 221 and 227 by Pope Callixtus I and later completed by Pope Julius I.
The inscription on the episcopal throne states that this is the first church in Rome dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus, although some claim that privilege belongs to the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. A Christian house-church was founded here about 220 by Pope Saint Callixtus I (217-222) on the site of the Taberna meritoria, a refuge for retired soldiers. The area was made available for Christian use by Emperor Alexander Severus when he settled a dispute between the Christians and tavern-keepers.
The church underwent two restorations in the fifth and eighth centuries and in 1140-43 it was re-erected on its old foundations under Pope Innocent II.
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“A little knowledge removes a lot of ignorance.” Imam Ali (as)
Religion and beliefs inform our values and are reflected in what we say and how we behave. RE is an important subject in itself, developing an individual’s knowledge and understanding of the religions and beliefs which form part of contemporary society. Religious education provokes challenging questions about the ultimate meaning and purpose of life, beliefs about God, the self and the nature of reality, issues of right and wrong, and what it means to be human. (Department for Children, Schools and Families)
At St Thomas’ Federation, Religious Education is a core subject viewed through the lens of theology, sociology and philosophy which promotes:
Through the above, we aim to help children to:
An intelligent heart acquires knowledge, and the ear of the wise seeks knowledge.
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Routledge A Level English Guides
Routledge A Level English Guides equip AS and A2 Level students with the skills they need to explore, evaluate, and enjoy English.
Books in the series are built around the various skills specified in the assessment objectives (AOs) for all AS and A2 Level English courses. Focusing on the AOs most relevant to their topic, the books help students to develop their knowledge and abilities through analysis of lively texts and contemporary data. Each book in the series covers a different example of language and literary study, and offers accessible explanations, examples, exercises, a glossary of key terms, and suggested answers.
Unlike other series designed for A Level English students, this series has been written by senior examiners in the light of how the new specifications have actually worked out in practice.
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Tay-Sachs disease, a devastating congenital error in metabolism of central nervous system fats, is caused by a rare genetic mutation. It usually leads to death by the age of four. Marked by little or no movement or trouble swallowing around age six months, children with Tay-Sachs also exhibit frequent seizures and the loss of hearing and sight.
But Dr. Burton Feinerman, formerly of the Mayo Clinic, teamed up with Dr. Javier Paino, who trained at Mt. Sinai Hospital Medical School in New York, to initiate a novel gene treatment in three children with Tay-Sachs at the Concebir Clinic in Lima, Peru. After receiving neuron stem cells with a normal copy of the aberrant Tay-Sachs gene, the children displayed improvements in motor function, an increase in muscle tone, more swallowing and fewer seizures.
The physicians plan to repeat the therapy again within the next three months, which comes as welcome news. “When you’re talking about Tay-Sachs, you’re on a fairly steep hill down to major disability and death. With no alternative treatments available, any treatment would be a miracle, so I’m excited to see how long this improvement in function will last,” says ACSH's Dr. Gilbert Ross.
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A novel coronavirus, the causative agent of the current pandemic of viral respiratory illness and pneumonia, was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China. The disease has been given the name, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus at last report has spread to more than 100 countries. Much of what we suspect about this virus comes from work on other severe coronavirus respiratory disease outbreaks – Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). MERS-CoV was a viral respiratory disease, first reported in Saudi Arabia, that was identified in more than 27 additional countries. The disease was characterized by severe acute respiratory illness, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Among 2,499 cases, only two patients tested positive for MERS-CoV in the United States. SARS-CoV also caused a severe viral respiratory illness. SARS was first recognized in Asia in 2003 and was subsequently reported in approximately 25 countries. The last case reported was in 2004.
As of March 13, there are 137,066 cases worldwide of COVID-19 and 1,701 in the United States, according to the John Hopkins University Coronavirus COVID-19.
What about children?
The remarkable observation is how few seriously ill children have been identified in the face of global spread. Unlike the H1N1 influenza epidemic of 2009, where older adults were relatively spared and children were a major target population, COVID-19 appears to be relatively infrequent in children or too mild to come to diagnosis, to date. Specifically, among China’s first approximately 44,000 cases, less than 2% were identified in children less than 20 years of age, and severe disease was uncommon with no deaths in children less than 10 years of age reported. One child, 13 months of age, with acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock was reported in China. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, children present with fever in about 50% of cases, cough, fatigue, and subsequently some (3%-30%) progress to shortness of breath. Some children and adults have presented with gastrointestinal disease initially. Viral RNA has been detected in respiratory secretions, blood, and stool of affected children; however, the samples were not cultured for virus so whether stool is a potential source for transmission is unclear. In adults, the disease appears to be most severe – with development of pneumonia – in the second week of illness. In both children and adults, the chest x-ray findings are an interstitial pneumonitis, ground glass appearance, and/or patchy infiltrates.
Are some children at greater risk? Are children the source of community transmission? Will children become a greater part of the disease pattern as further cases are identified and further testing is available? We cannot answer many of these questions about COVID-19 in children as yet, but as you are aware, data are accumulating daily, and theand the are providing regular updates.
Afrom China gave us some idea about community transmission and infection risk for children. The Shenzhen CDC identified 391 COVID-19 cases and 1,286 close contacts. Household contacts and those persons traveling with a case of the virus were at highest risk of acquisition. The secondary attack rates within households was 15%; children were as likely to become infected as adults ( ).
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FREE Printable Addition and Subtraction Worksheets (Facts 1-9)
Are you working on addition and subtraction in your homeschool or classroom? These free printable addition and subtraction worksheets would make the perfect addition!
We’ve included 20 pages of mixed addition and subtraction worksheets with 14 horizontally oriented problems on each page. Simply write the answer on the line indicated. An answer key is provided as well.
Facts 1 – 9 are included, making this the perfect math supplement for your young math students.
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by Tait Becker ’19
The deep-rooted partisan issue of the scientific validity of climate change has yet again surfaced as New England continues to experience an unusually mild February. Record high temperatures throughout the region have begun to raise questions as to whether or not climate change is beginning to impact the United States in new ways
Several environmental activist groups have begun to express concerns about the future of the energy and environmental programs in the U.S. under the Trump administration. President Trump’s recent selection of Mike Catanzaro as top energy aid, paired with his selection of former Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt to head the Environmental Protection Agency, has raised red flags for many involved in this sector.
Pruitt, who was confirmed by the Senate with a 52 to 46 vote, has led or been part of 14 lawsuits aimed at blocking EPA regulations and Barack Obama’s climate change initiatives. Pruitt has also been under scrutiny for his close ties with oil and gas industries. Trump has been both praised and under fire for his plan to scale back and reduce the power of the EPA.
In the absence of a national policy regarding this issue, many local and state leaders have started to speak out in favor of developing a national plan to grapple with this issue. The past few months have indicated that the scientific projection which shows that global warming will continue to increase might be accurate. This information comes in as states in the midwest continue to struggle with droughts, reducing the availability of water and other energy-related resources.
The Trump administration’s eagerness to expand development and infrastructure in the fossil fuels sector seems to be a top priority. The recent approval of access to the Dakota Pipeline, which was granted by the Army, will begin to be implemented. This may end the longtime standoff between the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and other activists protesting the pipeline.
Aside from the alleged disruption of ancient burial grounds, several environmental activists, politicians, and other officials have claimed that the project would create immense environmental harm to the surrounding areas. The 1,170 mile long pipe would cross four states, carrying crude oil from North Dakota into the Midwest.
President Trump has spoken at great lengths about the importance of developing a more effective infrastructure that would support the acceleration of domestic energy production.
This new fight for the prohibition of this construction has sparked a more generalized push for the Trump administration to address the broader issue of climate change. Despite Trump’s previous claims that he is committed to improving infrastructure projects, it still remains unclear if these projects will be energy-related.
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Hi, readers welcome to the new post. In this post, we will have a detailed look at Difference Between Matter Wave & Electromagnetic Wave. Wave defines as disturbance created in the medium. In different situations wave defined through wave equation For the creation of physical waves, there is the use of 2 quantities in that particle place where the wave has to create.
There is a type of wave called periodic wave here waves show fluctuation about the position of rest. The common type of waves is 3 through which electromagnetic and matter waves are. The basic comparison is such that in electromagnetic waves there is combination o electrical and magnetic fields while in matter waves it not exist. In this post, we will cover their basics with detail. So let’s get started
Difference Between Matter Wave & Electromagnetic Wave
- The matter waves are the main portion of quantum mechanics fields since it related to wave-particle duality.
- Almost every matter shows a wave-like nature. For instance, the diffraction behavior shown by the electron beam is like the water wave or light.
- In certain conditions, the wavelength is very less to show the physical results at different factors.
- The wave-like features shown by any matter is given by Louise de Broglie. That called de Broglie hypotheses.
- So these waves also called de Broglie waves While the Broglie wavelength is the wavelength that is related to high weight particles and has a relation with the plank constant and momentum.
- The electromagnetic waves denote as EM waves are produced in consequence of vibrations existing in the electrical and magnetic field.
- In a basic way, electromagnetic waves are comprised of electric and magnetic fields in oscillation.
- These waves are created when there is a connection among the electrical field and magnetic field. So this wave known as electromagnetic waves.
- The electrical fields and magnetic fields of in these waves at ninety degrees to each other.
- The traveling wave of these waves are 3 x 10Λ8 meters per second in space. There is no deflection shown by these fields is not from electrical and magnetic fields.
- Since the waves showed diffraction behavior. These waves can pass from any material like solid, air,.
- There is no need of any certain medium for these waves.
What is Electromagnetic Waves
- There is a need of electric and magnetic fields for these waves.
- These waves can pass through the vacuum.
- Its example is UV, radio wave.
- Their speed of movement is close to the speed of light.
- Its equation is λ=c/v
What is Matter Wave
- There is no need of a certain type of field for these waves.
- These waves can pass through wave sine.
- An example of this wave is a beam of electrons.
- Its speed of movement is less than the speed of light.
- λ=h/P is its equation.
That is a detailed post about the Difference Between Matter Wave & Electromagnetic Wave if you have any further query ask in comments. Thanks for reading. have a nice day.
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The following is a mark scheme to be used as a guide when marking answers to THIS PRACTICE PAPER THREE.
1.(a) Identify the research method used and outline two characteristics of the method.
- Method = covert participant observation (1 mark)
- participant observations involve the researcher becoming a member of the group they’re being observed (in this case they were a member of those needing treatment)
- covert observations are conducted without those being observed being made aware that they are being observed
- students could also mention the naturalistic setting
(b) Describe the sampling method used in the study.
- Method = purposive sampling
- A non-representative sampling method.
- Purposive sampling is when researchers find participants because they have specific characteristics that are suitable for studying (in this case it was the hospitals and staff that were treating uninsured people)
(c) Suggest an alternative or additional research method giving one reason for your choice.
- One possible alternative = an interview
- Could be used to triangulate findings
- Reduces chance of biased interpretations of hospital staff’s behaviour as the staff have a chance to share their experiences and perhaps explain their side of the story
- Points should be awarded for clear explanations of how and/or why a particular research method is used. Two points should be made.
2.Describe the ethical considerations in reporting the results and explain additional ethical considerations that could be taken into account when applying the findings of the study.
- Possible ethical considerations in reporting results include (need 3 points – 1 mark for each point):
- Anonymity (name of hospitals and people like Samuel) – this protects their privacy and dignity.
- The researcher had experience in this field of study, so the ethical thing to do when reporting the results is to disclose this information so people are aware of the potential for bias in the study.
- Informed consent or debriefing (hospitals were not aware they were being observed and so would not know their behaviour was going to be reported – one consideration is whether or not they should have been informed either before or after the study that the results were going to be reported).
- Triangulation (reduces chances of researcher bias – the researcher had preconceived notions about the study so this was a real possibility – it would be unethical to report biased findings).
- Fair representation in the media – if people in the media are reporting these findings, they should give both sides of the story like Romeo has tried to do (e.g. by explaining that it is a difficult line of work and it’s very stressful, which could explain the poor treatment).
- Possible ethical considerations in applying the findings (need 3 points – 1 mark for each point)
- Replicability – before the findings of this study are applied in any way, it should be replicated to make sure the findings are reliable. It could be considered unethical to make change to something as important as hospital care based on the outcome of one study.
- Right to withdraw – these findings may be used to make changes to how the hospitals are organized. It might be an ethical consideration to have the hospitals observed allowed to withdraw their data from this study if they do not want to be involved in this (but this has other ethical implications – is it OK to withdraw from studies if they show negative results)
- One way these findings might be applied is to make changes to how the hospitals are run (e.g. giving more time off to avoid burnout). However, it could be unethical to make these changes without the contribution of those people directly involved (i.e. those working in the hospital).
- Cultural considerations – if the findings of this study are being applied in other cultures, cultural differences need to be taken into consideration or else the applications might make things worse.
3.Discuss the possibility of generalizing/transfering the findings of the study.
Possible factors that influence generalizability/transferability include…
- Triangulation – there was only one researcher, although she did gather data from multiple perspectives. Using a combination of methods can increase validity of findings and influence generalizability/transferability.
- Sample –
- The sampling method was non-representative sampling (purposive sampling) so there is no original intent of generalizing.
- The sample was very small (only 9 hospitals – only 1 interview reported).
- this study happened in New York City. Students could explain reasons why we might not expect the same results in other cities, cultures or countries
- Bias – this was a real possibility in this study as the researcher had “long been concerned about inequities in the allocation and distribution of health care resources.” This may affect the accuracy of her findings and conclusions, which affects transferability. Having a second researcher observing and triangulating the findings could have reduced bias and influenced generalizability.
- Contextual description – this helps with determining transferability/generalizability as we need to know the details of the original context in order to assess transferability/generalizability – therefore, the depth of contextual description is an important consideration.
This was the mark scheme to be used as a guide when marking answers to THIS PRACTICE PAPER THREE.
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In 1852, fourteen years after his escape from slavery, Frederick Douglass was invited by abolitionists in his newly adopted home of Rochester, New York to deliver a public Fourth of July oration. Douglass accepted the invitation on the condition that his speech be delivered on the fifth rather than the fourth. This condition—both the fact that the abolitionists did not propose it themselves and its hint of the critical stance Douglass would go on to take in his famous speech—is highly significant as an indicator of how, then as well as now, white and black Americans (broadly speaking) have very different dispositions toward American patriotism and its expression. It remains a divide across which it is often difficult for each side to understand the sentiments of the other.
July 5, 1852 marked the twenty-fifth anniversary of the day on which black New Yorkers celebrated the final abolition of legal slavery in that state. The state legislature had designated the symbolic date of July 4, 1827 for Governor Tompkins to sign the act of final emancipation into effect. A “meeting of the people of colour” in Albany unanimously agreed to postpone public celebrations until the day following. The consensus seems to have been that white Americans owned the Fourth of July—owned it as commemorating the great republic they had founded and ruled, but also owned the public space of popular festivity, and were prone to greet black intruders with violence. Thus, Douglass’s displacement of the date of his speech foreshadowed a pregnant question he would ask in it: “What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence?”
That word “your” reverberates through the speech: “your fathers” brought about “your great deliverance,” securing “your political freedom” and inaugurating “your national life.” One third of the way through the speech, Douglass brings the implication to a sharp point: “I say it with a sad sense of the disparity between us. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us…. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine.”
In spite of his sense of alienation, Douglass does have a high regard for the event commemorated and, especially, for the men who brought it about:
It does not often happen to a nation to raise, at one time, such a number of truly great men. The point from which I am compelled to view them is not, certainly, the most favorable; and yet I cannot contemplate their great deeds with less than admiration. They were statesmen, patriots and heroes, and for the good they did, and the principles they contended for, I will unite with you to honor their memory.
Douglass cannot, however, feel himself at one with the “pride and patriotism” he acknowledges as proper to his white fellow-citizens. He and those he represents are alienated from these feelings.
The reason, of course, is that slavery, in which over three million persons of African descent were bound, remained legally protected by the republic these great men founded. Although northern states had abolished it, the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 pledged them, out of respect for the law, to acknowledge and cooperate to uphold the legitimacy of that bondage. Douglass himself, until his freedom was purchased by admirers in 1846, had to live in perpetual fear of being kidnapped by slave hunters and returned to a despotic bondage from which he had liberated himself but from which no law defended him.
A great war was fought. Slavery was abolished. Still, on this fourth and fifth of July, 168 years after Douglass gave voice to these feelings of alienation from white American pride and patriotism, recent events compel us to recognize that such feelings persist.
The Sources of American Patriotism
A contemporary of Douglass, Alexis de Tocqueville, can help us to understand why. Recognizing in Americans a love of country different from the instinctive old-world attachment to place, ancestry, and tradition, Tocqueville provides a lucid analysis of the foundations of American patriotism. The secret to this patriotism lies in the sense of participation, which has three distinct dimensions.
Americans understand, and can feel, that they participate in creating their own prosperity. Tocqueville argues: “A man understands the influence which his country’s well-being has on his own; he knows the law allows him to contribute to the production of this well-being, and he takes an interest in his country’s prosperity, first as a thing useful to him and then as something he has created.” As a result, each American “takes pride in the nation; the successes it gains seem his own work, and he becomes elated; he rejoices in the general prosperity from which he profits.”
This sense of participation in producing general and particular prosperity is reinforced by the practice of active participation in local administration of government. “In our day,” Tocqueville notes, “it seems to me that civic spirit is inseparable from the exercise of political rights.” By “exercise” he means that local self-government provides numerous offices and opportunities for citizens to take responsibility for the well-being of their own communities. Voluntary associations for all kinds of civil and social purposes provide further avenues for active self-governance. The many freedoms Americans enjoy for the management of their common affairs afford them pride in their communal achievements as well as in the system of laws that secures them such freedoms.
Finally, in the election of their representatives, Americans participate in the making of these laws that foster their freedom and prosperity. This participation, and the accompanying sense that the laws are of their own making and serve their own wellbeing, cultivates in the Americans an instinctive respect for the rule of law.
American patriotism then, as Douglass also suggests, is inseparable from a kind of pride—the pride that comes from the experience of having, and being enabled to have, an active hand in the thriving condition of one’s economic, social, and political life. Absent such participation, one ends up with Tocqueville’s nightmare vision of disengaged individuals pettily concerned with security and physical wellbeing, entirely lacking public spirit and initiative, and irritably critical of a bureaucratic regulation regime on which they are entirely dependent. But what if the promise of such participation is continually held out to a people and repeatedly frustrated? Such has been, in large measure, the black experience since Emancipation.
Promise and Disappointment
In the economic sphere, no event more powerfully symbolizes that promise and disappointment than the Tulsa riot whose centennial will be observed next year. In 1921, not quite sixty years after Emancipation, the Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa (“Black Wall Street”) was one of the great success stories of American entrepreneurial freedom and initiative. It was one of the most prosperous black communities in the nation, outpacing the surrounding white communities in its economic development. Sparked by an ambiguous racial incident and inflammatory press, confrontation between black and white Tulsans spiraled out of control until white residents had burned this beacon of black prosperity to the ground.
Shortly thereafter, and with more pervasive effects, the mortgage lending and realty policies of the Federal Housing Authority and the Veterans’ Administration beginning from the 1930’s (aka “redlining”) drastically hampered efforts of black families to participate in the great home-owning boom following the Second World War. At a time when American patriotism was lit bright with the glow of victory over European totalitarianism, the 1.2 million black veterans of that war, whose love of their country should have been solidified by the benefits of the GI Bill, were largely left out in the cold. An opportunity to narrow the household income gap was squandered. The gap widened instead, striking a double blow to black American patriotic feeling, with lasting reverberations.
In the tension Tocqueville diagnosed between the civic spirit of local self-government and a tendency in democratic peoples toward administrative centralization, black Americans have occupied a kind of tragic position. Most notably in the period of Reconstruction and in the era of Civil Rights legislation, the just recognition of the rights of black citizens needed defending from local prejudice by appeal to more equitable federal authorities. This accelerated the centralization of the administrative state, ultimately diminishing the spirit of engaged citizenship in both black and white Americans. In the black population, however, the consequences once again tend toward keenly felt frustration. Electoral successes in non-local offices often result in disappointing outcomes, as representatives adopt priorities driven by party politics rather than responding effectively to felt local needs. The sense of participation is thus undermined on both the local and national levels.
Lack of confidence in representation undermines the sense of participation in the making of law and so weakens the respect for law grounded upon it. Black Americans, however, experience a more discordant sense of alienation from the law because of unfavorable biases in the whole system of its shaping and enforcement. The definition and categorization of crimes and penalties weighs unduly heavily upon them, such as in the well-known wide disparity between punishments for possession of crack cocaine (more common among black users) and of powder cocaine (more popular with whites). The felt hostility of law enforcement, though associated in the public mind with killings of black civilians, is more commonly experienced in the demonstrably disproportionate harassment for minor offenses or, very often, for unwarranted suspicion of committing or intending offenses. Inordinately long sentences of incarceration result in a sense of persecution and in dissolution of the social fabric of black communities and families.
One can, it is true, cite indicators that the condition of black Americans today is objectively not as awful as it is made out to be. Though well below US averages, black Americans’ household incomes are higher than median incomes in 70 percent of the nations on earth. Police killings of unarmed black men have actually declined steadily since 2014, though increased media coverage of them has created the opposite impression.
No accumulation of consoling data can, however, dispel the grating discord between promise and frustration that vitiates the black American experience of economic, social, and political participation, and the feelings of pride and patriotism real participation engenders.
Tocquevillian Solutions from Within the Black Community
There is strong impetus right now for further police reform and for drastically needed reform of mass incarceration. These would be helpful steps, and they should be embraced. But what more is to be done?
If we accept the Tocquevillian analysis of the problem, the most Tocquevillian solutions articulated from within the black community are those championed by Brown University economist Glenn Loury and like-minded figures associated with initiatives such as the Manhattan Institute and the 1776 Project. Loury calls explicitly for a renewed black American patriotism, emphasizing the sense of honor and dignity to be found in black agency devoted to the full development of human potential in black communities. Like Tocqueville, Loury and friends recognize an indispensable role for churches and stable and intact families in the self-regulation of civil society. They also call for the encouragement of black-owned local businesses, school choice (which is overwhelmingly favored by black parents), and greater responsiveness of black leaders to the concrete challenges and practical good sense of their constituents.
This robust Tocquevillian vision of participatory citizen spirit is deeply consonant as well with the wisdom of the American black tradition. It takes inspiration from the championing of American principles of equality and dignity by Douglass and King, the high vision of human development and education found in DuBois and Ellison, and the insistence on the moral integrity of family and the economic self-reliance and vitality of black communities central to the exhortations to black pride of Malcolm X, whose final vision was one of constructive coexistence. This tradition has always sought to somehow reconcile authentic difference with participatory belonging.
Douglass had good reason to protest, and his protest was not gentle. He challenged his audience to recognize and understand the true grounds for that protest and embrace what it required of them as citizens: a devotion, in full solidarity with his people, to what Tocqueville called the “legitimate passion for equality which rouses in all men a desire to be strong and respected.” Only thus could they be justly proud of the principles of democratic equality and republican liberty they rightly honored and celebrated.
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White shark café
Photos by Mark Jolly-Van Bodegraven, Danielle Haulsee, iStock May 04, 2018
UD researchers study white shark behavior in the Pacific Ocean in May
University of Delaware scientists from the College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment are currently conducting field research in the White Shark Café, an area of “ocean desert” about the size of Colorado, situated halfway between the Hawaiian Islands and Southern California.
UD’s Aaron Carlisle and Danielle Haulsee are aboard the Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessel Falkor as part of a scientific team led by Stanford University. The team also includes marine biologists and oceanographers from Monterey Bay Aquarium, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Office of Exploration.
Little is known about the lives of white sharks. The researchers are trying to understand why some white sharks, particularly males, gather at this area in the northern Pacific Ocean.
The UD researchers’ role is to help the scientific team better understand what is happening underwater, in hopes of illuminating what the white sharks are doing in this open ocean environment.
Haulsee and Carlisle are using an autonomous underwater vehicle, known as a glider, to measure ocean conditions from the surface to approximately 1,475 feet deep.
The glider, part of the research fleet in UD’s Robotic Discovery Laboratories, will capture data about the water’s temperature, saltiness and oxygen and chlorophyll concentrations, among other things. The UD glider is equipped with acoustic receivers capable of recording detections of nearby white sharks or other marine life carrying compatible acoustic tags.
Additionally, Carlisle will assist with collecting biological samples to understand the food web structure and function in the uppermost parts of the café. He also hopes to help deploy camera tags on large predators, including white sharks, to get a predator’s view of the ecosystem and collect high-resolution data on their acceleration abilities.
To follow the researcher’s journey, which runs until May 20, visit the Schmidt Ocean blog or keep up with “cruise news” on social media using the hashtag #WhiteSharkVoyage.
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Project Description/Mission Statement
Self-management of asthma is vital to successfully control the disease, but only 30% of children with asthma are given a written asthma management action plan (CDC, 2008). Honors in Community Health has partnered with Bruce Elementary in HISD and to provide needed asthma education through Better Respiratory Education and Assistance Targeting Houston's Elementary (BREATHE). Undergraduate and elementary students explore the nature of respiration and asthma together, learning how to advocate for the health of both themselves and their peers. BREATHE serves to build capacity through engaged learning so asthmatic children can take charge of their own health outcomes.
Better Respiratory Education and Assistance Targeting Houston’s Elementary (BREATHE)
Asthma has been identified as the most common chronic illness in children with long-term health effects. Socioeconomically disadvantaged communities with limited healthcare access demonstrate the highest rates of related hospitalizations. Traditional approaches to improve health outcomes focus on clinical interventions that struggle to maintain attendance and interfere with schooling by compromising attendance. Fortunately, community-university partnerships can be leveraged to a provide consistent curriculum focused on student-led interactions and health self-advocacy in school. This bottom-up approach targets health illiteracy by teaching asthma pathology and respiratory health through an interpersonal interface that bilaterally enriches community awareness.
Better Respiratory Education and Awareness Targeting Houston’s Elementary (BREATHE) is an undergraduate-constructed community project in its fifth year. It maintains an elementary school partnership in the Fifth Ward where volunteers design and lead interactive respiratory curriculum that is delivered weekly to third graders. Through conversation-based learning and activities, students change their outlook on respiratory health, asthma triggers, and health self-advocacy. Pre-health undergraduates establish leadership by navigating organizational difficulties for program sustainability and are empowered to lead public health initiatives.
By complementing public health education with community partnerships, undergraduates expand their technical understanding of health with experiential knowledge of interpersonal community intervention. Furthermore, applying a dynamic understanding of public health to incite local change prepares students to professionally challenge the social determinants of health.
BREATHE represents a model for improving the feasibility of a childhood asthma-intervention program. While it has demonstrated its ability to consistently engage both university and elementary students, long-term quantified improvement in health outcomes is a necessary metric to assess its full potency.
About the authors: Zeba Bhanji (BS in Human Nutrition) and Kristen Harris (BS in Biochemistry) served as project heads for the 2021-2023 academic years. They presented a poster highlighting BREATHE’s community impact at the American Public Health Association (APHA) Meeting & Expo in November 2022.
We conduct educational sessions about breathing and asthma during elementary students’ lunches. Undergraduate facilitators educate students on asthma physiology, recognizing when something plans of action for the students should they or their peers ever have difficulty breathing. As a facilitator, you will have the opportunity to develop a meaningful relationship with your students and watch them grow into vigilant individuals who can identify an adult resource when necessary. With your guidance, they will come to understand how asthma works, the ways in which the environment can affect their health, and how to advocate for themselves.
What’s it like being a facilitator?
- It’s a lot of fun! In-person, each facilitator is assigned four students to guide through weekly lessons through the semester. Online, volunteers teach these interactive lessons through a Zoom call. Regardless of the format, you’ll be able to teach your kids about asthma while developing a personal connection with them!
What does the time commitment look like?
- The time commitment for BREATHE in person is 1.5 hours every week, which includes the commute to and from our sites.
Where will I be volunteering?
- We volunteer at an elementary school in Houston’s Fifth Ward, a historically underserved area in terms of education and healthcare. The school is a short drive from UH (only around ten minutes) and carpools are available! We also volunteer at CHAT, an organization based in Southwest Houston that is dedicated to advancing the health of the immigrant and refugee populations it serves.
- Unique Program Brings UH Students and Community Together to Tackle Public Health Issues
- Arete 2019
- Public Health Webinar Discusses Healthcare's Future
- PEERS Program Goes Remote
- Pharis Fellowship Scholars Start Individual Experiments to Improve Health of Houston Community
- UH Healthcare Organizations Discuss Racial Disparities in Medicine
- UH CHWI Helping Houston Communities Impacted by COVID-19
- A Glimpse into the PEERS Program
- PEERS Competition Addresses Community Health Issues
- Student Spotlights
- Engaging Data Science and Public Health
Follow us on social media!
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About NWC Museum
Tradition has it that on a late October's day in 1884, Commodore Stephen B. Luce, USN, was rowed from the flagship of the North Atlantic Squadron anchored off Newport to Coasters Harbor Island two miles north of the center of Newport, a site designated earlier that month by the Secretary of the Navy for a new kind of college. Once on the island, Luce proceeded to a large stone building, the former Newport Asylum for the Poor, climbed its rickety stairs, and as he opened the front door solemnly announced to his few companions and the empty grounds, "Poor little poorhouse, I christen thee United States Naval War College." Today the "little poorhouse" is a well preserved and stately structure, a National Historic Landmark and home to the Naval War College Museum.
More on Museum History Click to Open
Named Founders Hall in honor of the founding fathers of the College, it is uniquely suited for its current purpose. In addition to being the original site of the College, it is where Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, USN, second president (1886-1889) and subsequently a renowned naval historian, first delivered his lectures on sea power—lectures which were first published in 1890 as the epochal The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783. The Museum's themes are the history of naval warfare, particularly as studied at the College, and the naval heritage of Narragansett Bay—a tale that begins with the nation's colonial roots.
Its collection consists of items relating to these subjects that are perceived to be of value to scholarship, and it forms the core for exhibits throughout the College and for educational outreach projects. Besides permanent exhibits on the College, the genesis of the Navy in the region, and the evolution of permanent naval installations from the late nineteenth century to the present, the Museum features short-term special exhibits relating to College curriculum and to current naval-related topics.
In general, Museum exhibits identify milestones in the evolutionary development of war at sea; explain the significance of the sea as a factor in the formulation and the attainment of national policy objectives; describe the character, educational philosophy, and mission of the College; and chronicle the eventful relationship of the U.S. Navy with Narragansett Bay and its people.
The NWC Museum is open to the public year-round Monday through Friday 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Facilities for the handicapped are available, as is a gift shop operated by the Naval War College Foundation (which partially funds museum operations).
Visitors can get the Naval War College Museum's full guided audio tour using their cell phones. The full guided audio tour takes approximately an hour. Visitors can go at their own pace or select stops of interest. The map can be downloaded below and contains a suggested route.
Visitors without prior base access (active/retired/dependent military ID or CAC) must make arrangements several business days prior to your visit.
For visitors requesting access, please download and complete the visiting request form, then contact the museum at (401) 856-5270.Visitor Request Form InstructionsVisitor Request Form
The museum is closed on most major holidays, please visit the NWC Events page for a full listing of NWC closings and follow the Museum on social media for the latest updates.
Visit NWC Events page
Any visitor who is escorted by personnel with U.S. military identification, does not need advanced reservations. All visitors must also produce two forms of identification for entry onto the Naval Station. Visitors arriving by vehicle are required to have photo identification, proof of vehicle insurance and vehicle registration to access the base.
Please contact the NWC Museum (401) 856-5270 as early as possible prior to your arrival.
For more information on directions and visiting information please visit our Directions & Visiting Information page. To receive the form that must be sent to Pass and Identification Office, please contact the NWC Museum (401) 856-5270.Directions & Visiting Information
Donate Artifacts and Art
The NWC Museum collects artifact and art collections relating to key concepts in the evolution of maritime strategy and naval operations, naval history relating to Narragansett Bay, and the institutional histories of the NWC, NAVSTA Newport, and its tenant commands as a center of naval education. Staff will review donation offers and make selection decisions based on collection development policies. Donating material is a detailed and time-consuming process. Prospective donors should submit their offers of donations through the form below.Donation Form
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What are the Earth’s 4 subsystems and their definitions?
Hint: A subsystem refers to a self-contained or a self-sufficient system within a larger system. A system refers to a group of elements that interact with each other and work a complete unified form for a larger purpose. For e.g. a water cycle is a system in which liquid water, steam, temperature, clouds etc. interact with each other to maintain the natural cycle of water.
Complete answer: The four subsystems of the Earth are; A) Lithosphere – It is the rigid, outermost shell of the Earth and is made up entirely of rocks. All rocks, minerals, ores, etc. are found in this layer of the Earth. The lithosphere is of two types, oceanic and continental. Oceanic lithosphere forms the crust of the earth that is under the oceans and the continental lithosphere forms the continents. B) Hydrosphere – This is the total combined mass of all the water that is present on our planet. Around 71% of the earth’s surface makes up the hydrosphere. 97% of the total hydrosphere is accounted for by the saltwater in seas and oceans. Only 2.5% is freshwater. C) Atmosphere – It is the layer of gases that envelope the earth and is commonly called as air. It exerts pressure on the earth and allows water to exist in liquid form is the hydrosphere so as to support life on earth. Air itself contains gases that are essential for life forms, for e.g. carbon dioxide, oxygen, ozone etc. D) Biosphere – It is that subsystem of the earth, which includes the existence and interaction of living organism with each other and the earth itself. It is a self-regulating system in which plants alone generate around 130 terawatts of energy every year. They form this energy by converting solar energy into chemical energy.
Note: Out of all the four system, only the Biosphere has not been detected anywhere outside of our planet. All planets are composed of lithosphere and an atmosphere. In some planets the lithosphere is very small as compared to their atmosphere. Such planets are called gas giants. The hydrosphere requires very specific temperature and pressure conditions and hence it is also not found on any other planet yet.
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The protecting impact of this sort of procedures has been demonstrated from the French writer Emmanuel Charpentier. In the event the conventional approaches a few carbs have been accumulated at a intricate that bind CRISPR RNA, also this sophisticated then admits viral DNA concentrate on and brings still another protein, then "nibble" of viral DNA from the procedure, that has been shot into analyze, Charpentier, 1 protein, also referred to as Cas9, plays each of the purposes: Goes to CRISPR RNA, also admits the aim, and also "crack" it.
Back in 2012, a set of Charpentier and also Jennifer Duddy in UC Berkeley released a joint report from Science, by which he suggested a means to reprogram CRISPR/Cas to ensure she had been led to lower DNA in are as intentionally chosen by this research. Basically, CRISPR RNA is encoded in CRISPR tape affiliated proteins also after that discovers out a focus on. It was that you're able to acquire abnormal CRISPR RNA through chemical or enzymatic synthesis.
With all the spacer in this kind of RNA could be your arrangement picked by this research workers. Protein Cas9 can "watch" and speak together with this specific artificial СRISPR RNA (it's known as "manual") also it's engineered for cutting and recognition on the proper spot from the DNA. Team, Charpentier and Gudny revealed the power with this particular approach from vitro, i.e. from vitro.
Nearly at an identical period, the band's George Church along with his previous grad scholar Feng Zhang by the wide ranging Institute in MIT revealed a fungal protein referred to as Cas9 and direct RNAS are in a position to "operate", to master and also led to decrease the DNA from the tissues of larger organisms, particularly human beings. MIT were able to submit an application to get a patent to its afternoon earlier in the day than Berkeley. Ever since that time, involving both schools started off the patent warfare that's still moving on.
We're diploids. It follows that we've a dual pair of chromosomes just one out of mother and daddy. If a number of those parent chromosomes "incorrect", in other words, it shifted that the DNA order in certain gene that is significant, it can be as carriers of hereditary ailments, also when both the reproduces inappropriate that there will probably be hereditary disorder.
An Traditional illustration hemophilia of this. His grandma Victoria gave him that the incorrect duplicate of the gene on the X chromosome, despite the fact that she's out of hemophilia tend not to undergo, due to the fact she's got 2 X chromosomes and can be your defective functioned healthful chromosome. However, Alex wasn't blessed, mainly because he's got just 1 X chromosome.
To be able to treat a hereditary disorder, it's critical to correct the hereditary information influenced by the mutation. Hemophilia, such as nearly all hereditary ailments, resulting from shifting only 1 letter of DNA, at the genome of 6 billion letters. Countless novels the magnitude of "War and serenity". We will need to get just one particular "typo" and mend it in the designated spot without altering anything else. This really is actually the question of genomic medication.
To correct the "inappropriate" gene, we are in need of a exact correct "molecular scalpel", that'll come across the mutant nucleotide order and certainly will cut on DNA out of her. This "scalpel" and can be Cas9. Together with the assistance of the guidebook RNA, a chain that's equal to this desirable spot, it will produce the difference from the genome.
The popularity of this prospective does occur about the extend of 2030 nucleotides. Normally, strings of the period occur from the individual genome at the same time, letting you guarantee precision. The mobile doesn't perish out of building a difference from the DNA, because it's going to soon be adjusted on wholesome copies of their paired chromosomes from the organic procedure of DNA restoration.
If not any paired chromosomes, as in the instance of hemophilia, then it's likely to create the mobile plot the "accurate" receptor simultaneously together using all the Cas9 along with also the RNA guidebook and utilize it like an matrix for curing of their launched gap.
During CRISPR/Cas9 can do multi plex modifying of many genes of erroneous. You can enter the Cas9 protein and many distinctive RNA guides. Every one of these will guide Cas9 to its own target, and jointly, they could eradicate a hereditary issue.
Generally, the explained mechanics works with the concept of complementarity, that has been first suggested by Jim Watson and Francis Crick within their famed version of double stranded DNA. Chains of those DNA double helix "understand" one another depending on the guidelines of complementarity.
CRISPR RNAS comprehend their intentions at a double stranded DNA at an identical style, this creates a silly arrangement comprising a double stranded plot RNA plus just one among DNA concentrate on, and also one different DNA strand is "displaced".
In parallel with all the machine CRISPR/Cas9 has improved additional ways into this modifying of this genome, specifically with TALEN proteins and proteins together with all the so called plaque fingers.
This genetically engineered proteins which may "snack" of all DNA. Boffins have attempted to instruct them to find special, preferably, any given DNA chain. Some times it functioned, but just about every arrangement needed to generate another protein, however, it's long and laborious do the job. As for modifying of those genome utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 employs one protein, also RNA guide you may cause at a brief while at virtually any good laboratory or only obtain. It is an entirely new amount of enhancing, accurate and cheap. Its primary benefit is that it's dependant on the very simple basic principle of complementary learning, that will be utilized for realizing strings of a few among nucleic acids using distinct amino acids.
First of all, with CRISPR/Cas9, we'll find a way to cure "uncomplicated" monogenic hereditary ailments: hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, leukemia. In such instances it's evident what should be analyzed, however nevertheless, there are ailments using higher heritability, the hereditary nature of that will be extremely intricate.
This sort of diseases can be actually a complicated consequence of the discussion of distinct genes as well as their variations. As an instance, a number of experts are interested in genes of schizophrenia and alcoholism, even annually that a fresh one annually component of their previously open up genes appear to enter. The way to cure such ailments that are complex with CRISPR/Cas9 is equally uncertain, also demonstrably require a multi plex procedures.
You've got to see that the technical use of CRISPR/Cas9 in medication is still a quite remote future, and you're going to require a great deal of function, accentuating the tech, its own security and reliability.
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Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) was not your prototypical science nerd. He was a first class athlete and a soldier. He was a flamboyant extrovert who was delighted when he became famous.
Above all, Hubble was an extraordinary astronomer. He made two discoveries that changed the way that everyone – not just scientists – look at the cosmos.
One hundred years ago, most people believed that the Milky Way was the entire universe. But telescopes were picking up fuzzy objects out there that clearly weren’t stars. The fuzzy blobs were called nebulae. Astronomers didn’t know what they were or where they were.
In 1924, Edwin Hubble measured the distance of the Andromeda nebulae and discovered that it was nearly a million light years away – far beyond the Milky Way. Hubble declared that Andromeda is a galaxy. Indeed, ALL of the nebulae are galaxies. In one groundbreaking discovery, Hubble expanded our universe from one lonely galaxy to billions.
One hundred years ago, almost everyone assumed that the universe is eternal and unchanging. Albert Einstein refused to even consider the possibility that God’s perfect universe was in flux.
Not long after he discovered that nebulae are galaxies, Edwin Hubble began measuring how quickly these other galaxies are moving through space. Hubble was shocked to find that almost every galaxy was moving away from the Milky Way. And far-away galaxies were speeding away even faster than the nearer ones.
In 1929, Hubble published his findings. Even Einstein had to admit that our universe is expanding. That meant that in the past, it had to have been much smaller. Through careful measurement, Edwin Hubble had uncovered the true origin of the universe: the Big Bang.
A movie about Edwin Hubble would be great. A movie about the discoveries being made with the Hubble Space Telescope would be neat.
A documentary about astronauts making minor adjustments to the telescope sounds pretty uninteresting in comparison. That’s what this “Hubble” movie is about.
In the 1980s, NASA tackled the ambitious project of building the first orbiting telescope.
The Hubble telescope was launched in 1990 and the problems began immediately. The telescope was sending back blurry images. It needed repair.
NASA has had to send five space shuttle crews up to repair Hubble over the years. The most recent repair mission was 2009. The documentary does its best to show us how they did it.
Narrator Leonardo DiCaprio tries to explain the mechanical details of the astronauts’ project and the extraordinary danger of doing the repair in space but he fails at both tasks.
DiCaprio states that a small tear in any part of the spacesuit will cause all the air to rush out and instantly kill him. But since this has never happened to any astronaut – even Major Tom – it is hard to feel any real suspense.
Maybe 5 minutes of the documentary is spent showing us actual footage of deep space shot by the Hubble telescope. It is not clear that the project has uncovered any mysteries of the universe. We see a cloud near Orion’s Belt where new solar systems are being born. Neat, I guess. But not groundbreaking, and not befitting of Edwin Hubble’s awesome legacy.
“Hubble” doesn’t even convince the viewer that all the money and risk and burnt rocket fuel is worth it to keep the space telescope in operation. I am way more interested in cosmology than the average guy, and even I am not totally convinced that the Hubble Space Telescope was worth the investment.
With all due respect to Copernicus, Edwin Hubble is the most important astronomer in history. The Hubble is an overpriced telescope. And “Hubble” is a weak documentary.
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Rebar in Concrete Structures: Why is it used?
Rebar is used in reinforced concrete structures to provide additional strength and support. The concrete serves as the compression element, while the reinforcement bar provides the tensile strength. This combination of compression and tension makes reinforced concrete structures much stronger and more durable than structures made solely of concrete.
Why is epoxy coating used on rebar?
The steel used in reinforcement bar is susceptible to corrosion, especially in harsh environments such as near the ocean or in areas with high levels of pollution. Corrosion can cause the reinforcement bars to weaken and eventually fail, which can lead to the failure of the entire structure. Epoxy coating is used on reinforcement bars to provide a barrier against corrosion and other environmental factors that can damage the steel. The epoxy coating also helps to bond the rebar to the surrounding concrete, improving the overall strength of the structure.
What are the benefits of using epoxy coating on rebars?
- Corrosion protection: The epoxy coating provides a barrier against corrosion, making it ideal for use in harsh environmental conditions, such as near the ocean or in areas with high levels of pollution.
- Improved bonding: The epoxy coating helps to bond the rebar to the surrounding concrete, improving the overall strength of the structure. This improved bonding helps to prevent reinforcement bars from slipping or separating from the concrete, which can cause cracking and weaken the structure.
- Increased durability: The epoxy coating helps to protect the reinforcement bar from the elements, increasing its lifespan and durability. This means that structures reinforced with epoxy coated reinforcement bars are likely to last longer and require less maintenance compared to structures reinforced with uncoated versions.
In conclusion, epoxy coated rebar offers many advantages over traditional uncoated rebar, including improved bonding, increased durability, and better resistance to corrosion. These benefits make it an excellent choice for reinforcing concrete structures in a variety of applications and environments.
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Why We Get Shorter As We Age: How Manual Therapy and Yoga Stretches Can Help You Stand Tall
Article At A Glance
Discs dehydrate and lose elasticity as we age, and the spinal column’s length can shrink by three centimeters or more. Thus, most of us get shorter as we age. To resist gravity’s compressive forces, the myoskeletal method uses graded exposure stretches to ease protective guarding, neurologically awaken anti-gravity muscles, and help restore lost body height. In addition, corrective exercises, including yoga, also aid in reducing protective muscle guarding and restoring body height as water and nutrients are pumped into injured and spasmodic muscles, ligaments, and intervertebral discs. Not only will your low back benefit, but so will your golf swing and your ability to walk, run, climb, lift your children, and stand tall.
The intervertebral discs are responsible for 25 percent of our spine’s overall length. Since the average adult spine measures 24 to 28 inches, the intervertebral discs account for six to seven inches. The water-filled, gel-like nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosis are firm and flexible in young individuals. However, the vertebral discs often begin showing degenerative changes by age 40—earlier than any other connective tissue (Image 1). (1)
Image 1: Disc Degeneration Beginning at Age 40
Aging and Disc Degeneration
As discs dehydrate and lose elasticity, the spinal column’s length can shrink by three centimeters or more. Thus, most of us get shorter as we age. To resist gravity’s compressive forces, the myoskeletal method uses graded exposure stretches to ease protective guarding, neurologically awaken anti-gravity muscles, and help restore lost body height (Image 2).
Image 2 (left): A tent-like tensegrity arrangement acts as the spine’s primary shock absorber.
In a study titled “Nutrition of the Intervertebral Disc”, a team of researchers from Oxford University found that loss of nutrient supply can lead to cell death, as well as an increase in matrix degradation and disc degeneration. (2)
Vertebral discs are among the few human tissues that do not possess an independent blood supply. Even our teeth, nails, and hair have designated nutritional vessels, but the discs do not. The annular fibers require glucose for survival, and the nucleus obtains fluids and eliminates waste—primarily lactic acid—through a complicated process called imbibement. During normal daily activities, water imbibing occurs as individual spinal segments flex, extend, bend, and rotate.
Contrary to popular thinking, vertebral discs are not designed to act as the spine’s primary shock absorber. This role belongs to a marvelously designed musculofascial spring system. Notice in Image 2 how the flexible colored bands, which represent muscles and ligaments, form a tent-like tensegrity arrangement. When healthy, these soft tissues can maintain the separation of vertebral bodies even with the disc completely removed. Equipped with these facts, we’re left with this question: If restoring anti-gravity function is the key to slowing spinal disc aging, what’s the best way to pump those discs up?
Fetal Positioning and Imbibement
When picturing an intervertebral disc, most think of the outer annular fibers as circular connecting rings, similar to a radial tire, which support the gel-filled (hubcap) nucleus. However, many of the disc’s concentric tree-ring fibers do not connect, nor is the disc round (Image 3).
Image 3: The annulus resembles a radial tire encapsulating the (hubcap) nucleus.
Mother Nature cleverly thickened the anterior and lateral sides, leaving the thinner posterior fibers to absorb lubricating fluids during daily activities and also during sleep. Eighty percent of this fluid imbibement occurs during the first hour of sleep. That’s why researchers believe the best resting position for rehydrating discs is a side-lying fetal position with knees flexed, chin tucked, and lumbar lordosis flattened. This trunk-and hip-flexed fetal position opens the posterior compartment, allowing the thinner disc endplates to suck in water to nourish the disc.
Image 4: To aid in disc imbibement, the client pulls the knees to the chest and tucks the chin. The therapist’s left hand gently rocks the client so his right hand can come under the sacrum. The client is asked to perform slow pelvic tilts to hydrate discs.
The downside to this type of disc design is the increased risk of disc herniation due to a lack of posterior fiber integrity. (3) Still, there’s hope for damaged discs. A 2017 study found that conservative care fosters the drawing in of some disc bulges and may help relieve sciatic nerve root compression. (3) Gentle pain-free hyperextension exercises, such as Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose), are often used to relieve posterior nerve root compression by moving the nucleus anteriorly. However, I have experienced greater success performing fetal tractioning maneuvers and client-assisted stretches, such as the ones demonstrated in Images 4-6. Delivered throughout a series of sessions, these lumbar-pumping maneuvers appear to increase fluid absorption and aid in body height restoration.
Image 5: The client grasps the top of the therapy table. The therapist’s left-hand snakes behind his back to secure client’s right hip while his right forearm hooks the lateral fascia. The client is asked to pull down on the therapy table against the therapist’s resistance to a count of five and then relax. To decompress discs and stimulate anti-gravity muscles, the therapist’s forearm lifts the thorax while his left-hand resists. Repeat.
Recently, I’ve begun using an accurate measuring device to track client height during intake and again after several sessions. I find this tracking routine acts as a novel stimulus that helps keep both client and therapist engaged in the process. To enhance the therapeutic outcome, I encourage clients to perform a variety of movements on their own time, from swimming and mini-trampoline bouncing to tai chi and hiking. These playful activities, when combined with myoskeletal therapy, bring awareness to movement “blind spots” and help clients break non-optimal movement patterns.
Image 6: The client grasps the top of the therapy table. The therapist’s soft palms meet on the lateral ribcage and hook the fascia. The client pulls down on the therapy table against the therapist’s resistance to a count of five and then relaxes. The therapist lifts the thorax to decompress the vertebral discs. Repeat.
How Yoga and Manual Therapy Keep Our Discs Hydrated
In sports and recreation, a healthy anti-gravity musculofascial system transmits and releases stored elastic energy from the ground up through the individual spinal segments, causing them to spring open and hydrate the vertebral discs. To relieve protective muscle guarding, restore anti-gravity function, and bring some lift to the body, I’ve found success using therapeutic stretching and manual spinal tractioning in a controlled, comfortable manner.
Corrective exercise also aids in reducing protective muscle guarding and restoring body height as water and nutrients are pumped into injured and spasmodic muscles, ligaments, and intervertebral discs. Not only will your low back benefit, but so will your golf swing and your ability to walk, run, climb, lift your children, and stand tall.
Reprinted with permission from Erik Dalton. Images courtesy of Erik Dalton.
Erik Dalton, Ph.D., is executive director of the Freedom From Pain Institute, creator of Myoskeletal Alignment Techniques, and author of three best-selling manual therapy textbooks and online home-study programs. Educated in massage, osteopathy, and Rolfing, he resides in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and San Jose, Costa Rica. View his articles and videos at www.erikdalton.com or Facebook’s Erik Dalton Techniques Group.
1. Urban, J., & Roberts, S. (2003). Degeneration of the intervertebral disc. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 5(3), 120-130.
2. Urban J.P., Smith, S., & Fairbank, J.C. (2004). Nutrition of the intervertebral disc. Spine, 29( 23), 2700-2709.
3. Altun, I., & Yüksel, K.Z. (2017). Lumbar herniated disc: spontaneous regression. Korean Journal of Pain, 30 (1), 44-50.
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Editor’s note: The school’s media production students interviewed the winning students and sent us their videos.
EAST LIVERPOOL, Ohio (WKBN) — Have you ever dreamed of going to space? Will you bring your cat with you?
What started as a joke has now become a student project funded by a NASA grant.
East Liverpool High School students have won a $1,500 grant from NASA to develop a spacesuit for cats. They are one of 60 honorees in the United States.
Students are working on a technology that they hope will one day allow astronauts to take pets to space, turning an ordinary house cat into a “cat-astronaut”.
“We chose Cats in Space for this project because the mental health benefits of being in contact with small animals like cats have been found through the COVID crisis,” said East Liverpool STEM Teacher/Team Leader Gerald Bartlett. “As we move toward colonizing the Moon and Mars, it’s important to consider the mental health of our astronauts.”
Students are asked to design a large project for their senior year. They submitted a four-page proposal. It’s all part of the NASA TechRise Student Challenge.
NASA could send this project on a high-altitude balloon flight for testing. But don’t worry, the experiment won’t harm any cats.
Student Preston Dawson said: “Instead of a real cat, we’ll have tests and different gauges there to make sure the cat can survive an actual space launch.”
“This cat is very fake,” said student Riley Cox.
“We’ll start by doing all the research to see what microcontrollers we need to use, how do we put it in the suit, how big do we need to make it,” student Lee Michaelwitz said.
Cox came up with the idea of a space cat. At first, she said her classmates were not happy about it.
“Everyone hates the idea of me,” Cox said. “They say it’s never going to win, it’s not a good idea. Then they’re like, this is stupid, so maybe it will win. So I think stupid ideas are the best ideas.”
East Liverpool is not the only local school chosen for NASA funding. Students at Canfield High School also received a grant.
In addition to financial help, students are meeting weekly with engineers via Zoom to help guide their projects.
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The turtles in our local parks are more than likely the same species, the red-eared terrapin, as those little guys everyone kept as a kid.
Those kept as pets usually never reach maturity and die while still young, due to poor environment and nutrition.
The ones in your local pond are full-grown adults, who may live as long as fifty to seventy-five years, and who may have been pets that people set free decades ago.
When salmonella was recognized as a significant threat to pet terrapin owners, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned the sale of most pet turtles in 1975.
Before that, though, you could buy baby turtles in pet stores, department stores, and even drugstores.
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عنوان مقاله [English]
Communication and social interactions are fundamental issues in societies. Recent research in various fields has shown that people are increasingly isolated and struggle with diseases and disorders such as depression. Therefore, the development of necessary skills for social interaction is both important and essential for human societies. It is obvious that the development of these skills, especially from childhood, leads to an increase in the quality of social communications. Playing is an activity during which children identify their abilities and capacities, reveal their thoughts and actions, and use their physical and mental capacities to explore and interact with the environment. Hence, the domain of play is a good context for learning social skills and developing children's communication skills. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design a game device to improve social interactions such as sharing, helping and cooperation. This applied research is a qualitative-descriptive study in which information was collected through library and field methods. The information has been used to design a game after analysis. The evaluation of the game was performed using a hypothesis test by 15 children aged 3 to 6 years old from two kindergartens in Tehran. Random sampling was performed through cluster sampling method.
The results of the study confirmed the positive effect of the game on the three components of sharing, helping and cooperating in children's social interactions. This game can be used in homes and educational environments and all indoor and outdoor spaces, and its shared use between children and adults can cause more interaction between parents and children.
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Aching body, stuffy nose, a cough and more — no one likes to suffer from the flu. The influenza vaccine can help defend your body against the flu.
Influenza is a common ailment, especially in the wintertime, and doing your best to protect you and your loved ones against this illness may include getting an influenza vaccine.
What Is the Influenza Vaccine?
The influenza vaccine is also called a “flu shot” or “flu jab” and is a vaccine that lessens your chance of contracting the illness and mitigates its severity if you do.
Flu vaccines have been around since the 1930s, but because the flu virus changes so rapidly a new vaccine is developed twice a year.
How the Influenza Vaccine Works
The flu vaccine works much like other vaccines: the vaccine causes antibodies to develop in the body that will know how to fight the flu if your body comes into contact with it. The antibodies will be able to destroy the flu germs before they have a chance to get you sick.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention notes that the seasonal flu vaccine “protects against the influenza viruses that research indicates will be most common during the upcoming season.”
Traditional Flu Vaccines
The traditional flu vaccine — which is called trivalent — is created to protect against three flu viruses, and consists of three influenza viruses, namely an influenza A (H1N1), an influenza A (H3N2) and an influenza B virus.
For the 2019 to 2020 season, two trivalent vaccines have been approved for people 65 years and older.
- One of the two trivalent vaccines contains more antigen. This antigen is the part of the virus that the immune system develops antibodies against. This will create a stronger immune response.
- The second trivalent vaccine contains more adjuvant. This is the ingredient that helps to create a stronger immune response.
A second type of influenza vaccine is created to protect against four flu viruses and therefore contains four viruses. These are known as the “quadrivalent vaccines” and contain the same viruses as the traditional flu vaccine (see above) as well as a second influenza B virus.
Various quadrivalent vaccines can be made for any one season, for example:
- The standard-dose quadrivalent vaccine for the 2019 to 2020 season has been approved for different age groups and can be given to children as young as 6 months of age.
This standard-dose vaccine is without adjuvant and is manufactured using virus grown in eggs. Several different approved brands are available.
- A quadrivalent cell-based flu shot is contains virus grown in cell culture. This flu shot is approved to be used for people 4 years and older.
- A recombinant quadrivalent flu shot that has been made without influenza viruses or eggs has been approved for people 18 or older.
- Lastly, a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza nasal spray vaccine (LAIV4), which is made from weakened ("attenuated") live viruses are approved to be used for those aged 2 to 49. This one, however, should not be used for pregnant women and people who have certain medical conditions.
Your health care practitioner will be able to tell you exactly which of these flu shots is the right one for you.
Why Is It Important to Get the Influenza Vaccine?
We often brush off colds and flu when it comes to illnesses as they occur seasonally. However, influenza can be deadly, and, in fact, thousands of people do die of the flu every year.
When you and your family get the flu vaccine, you put a safeguard in place for not only you, but also those around you. If you don’t get ill during “flu season,” you will not have to worry about being absent from work, or school. You can enjoy the season to its fullest.
Who Should Get the Influenza Vaccine?
The CDC recommends that all people 6 months and older should get vaccinated with the influenza vaccine that is best for them.
Which of the flu vaccines you get will depend on your age and health, among other factors.
Those who are at a high risk for developing complications should they get the flu, and who should therefore get the vaccine, are:
- Children younger than 2 years
- Adults 65 years and older
- Pregnant women and those who have just delivered their babies
- Native Americans and Alaska Natives
- People in nursing homes as well as those who work there
- People with long-term health conditions like asthma, diabetes or cancer
There are occasions when getting a flu vaccine, however, is not the best choice. It is important for you to know if you need to skip the flu shot or what information you need to share with your health care professional.
Who Should Not Get the Influenza Vaccines?
Those who should rather not get the flu vaccine, are the following people:
- Those with a history of an allergic reaction to previous flu vaccines
- Anyone with a history of Guillain Barre syndrome
- Infants under 6 months old
If you are at all unsure whether to get an influenza vaccine, be sure to speak to your health care professional.
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Bicycles are usually small with two wheels. Bicycles are green transportation.
Bicycles can be used as an environmentally friendly means of transportation for walking and traveling.
More and more people use bicycles as fitness equipment for cycling exercise and travel. Cycling itself is also a competitive sport, including road cycling, mountain cycling, track cycling, stunt cycling, and so on.
Bicycles are a traditional industry with a history of more than 100 years. Due to the problems of environmental protection and transportation, bicycles have become the favorite transportation and fitness tools for residents of countries all over the world, especially developed countries.
The center of the world's bicycle industry is shifting from the traditional means of transportation to the sport and leisure types. In the United States, Europe, Japan, and other developed countries, the bicycle is a popular sport, fitness, leisure, and entertainment product.
There is a huge demand for bicycles in the world every year. According to the statistics of CYCLEPRESS Japan, the demand for bicycles in the world remains at the level of 106 million, and the annual transaction volume of bicycles is about 5 billion dollars.
Bicycles first originated in France. In 1791, Frenchman C. Siferak added two wooden wheels to the toy horse, which needs the rider to use his feet to move on the ground. In 1817, Frenchman K. Derleth invented the horse with wheels that could turn.
In 1839, Scotsman K. Macmillan made the wheels steel which is smaller at the front and larger at the back. It is driven by pedals attached to the rear wheels.
In 1874, the Englishman H.J. Lawson installed a chain, sprocket, and another transmission mechanism on two-wheel bicycles.
This was the beginning of the modern variety of bicycles.
Cycling has many advantages.
1. Develop your brain and improve your physique. Since cycling is a hetero-lateral exercise, it can improve the agility of the nervous system.
The left and right brain functions can be developed simultaneously by alternating pedaling of both legs. Cycling can also effectively exercise lower limb muscle strength and enhance overall endurance.
2. Lose weight. Because in cycling, the body is engaged in periodic aerobic exercise. Exercisers can effectively consume more calories, long-term persistence can receive significant weight loss effects.
Cycling is a kind of exercise to strengthen cardio-cerebrovascular and cardiopulmonary function.
3. Reduce stress. Regular exercise is good for relieving psychological pressure. Especially when it comes to outdoor cycling. People are focused, enjoy some sights along the way, and meet friends in groups.
4. Riding a bike can go faster than walking. Traffic is so heavy in the city that sometimes driving is slower than walking. Cycling is the wiser choice. The convenience of their own at the same time also plays a role in protecting the environment and reducing vehicle exhaust emissions.
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The solar array made up of solar panels that are connected to generate energy and also receive sunlight.
Combining solar arrays and several solar convertors (and an optional lithium battery) can create a fully functional system for powering the solar. The solar array is a part of the solar power system that supplies energy. This electricity can be used to power homes, or sold to grids that use renewable energy.
Solar Array Installation
Solar arrays are able to be installed anywhere there is sunlight.
The ideal spot for a solar array installation is on the roof of your house. The solar array is best placed on the roof. In the United States gets the best sun and generates the highest power from solar arrays that are facing south. The location of your solar panel as well as the design of the panel, will determine the number of panels you require to meet your power consumption needs.
Solar arrays can be mounted on top or beneath ground mountings. This is a method that is popular in areas with low population density and solar farms in areas where the land is usually cheaper.
Solar arrays can be erected on any type of structure, not just roofs. There are a variety of alternatives. There are solar canopy options and solar pergolas as well as solar gazebos.
Are you planning to go out on the weekend? Solar arrays can be installed on top of vehicles. For many years, solar energy has been available for RVs. Boats are beginning to have solar panels.
Solar arrays can also be combined with energy storage systems such as solar batteries, to provide off-grid settings like hunting cabins.
There are areas that could be utilized for solar arrays, like ones that are integrated into buildings.
Do you care about the location of your array? It is crucial to know the system’s structure and the place which location the panels are placed by any installer. An array of solar panels that is facing directly south, particularly if you are located in the Northern Hemisphere will produce more power than one facing west either north or west since it gets more sunlight.
Ground mounts are a great option for those with lots of land and plenty of sunshine. Ground-mounted arrays are able to generate more power than roof-mounted ones because they are designed to be able to tilt and face the right way.
Solar Array Types
There are three types of Solar Array: ground-mounted carports, roof-mounted and. Each kind of Solar Array installation serves a different purpose, so what is successful in one place might not work in the next.
- Rooftop Arrays - The most popular form of solar array is called”the roof mount. To support many PV panels, place the solar rack in order to connect to your roof. It is possible to attach the panels to metal, rubber, or roof shingles. roofs.Roof mounts are able to attach roofs to locations where it is otherwise not possible. Install costs for roof mounts generally lower than that are for systems mounted on the ground. Roof mounts don’t need to be large and protect your roof against certain elements.
- Ground-Mount Arrays These arrays are the most well-known. They are the most efficient when it comes to creating power per unit of energy. To maximize energy production they can be installed in any orientation or direction.
They require a clear area and are simple to maintain. They are shaded by trees, power poles and buildings nearby.
- Carports – A canopy that is overhead that covers parking spaces is known by the name solar carports. Ground-mount solar panels and solar cars do not need to be installed on a surface.
Installers can place the panels at optimal angles to maximize exposure to sunlight thanks to the canopy. Solar panel carports are a more solar panel options than the panels mounted on ground.
The Net Meter and Battery Backups
Your power meter is a measure of the amount of electricity you get from the grid. But, it’s likely that you will need an extra meter that has the capability of spinning backwards. Without this, you won’t be able to precisely measure how much renewable energy you’re donating into the grid.
You should usually contact your utility company to get the meters free. Like I said that a power plant at the grid’s center - even a small one – can take a lot off the grid. The utility company is ready to assist you with your solar home.
Even though solar battery backups are not mentioned here, I believe it is important to talk about their importance and why they’re so beneficial. First of all, backup batteries can be used in an emergency like the event of a blackout.
Solar panels will not be able to provide power to your home if the lights are cut off. This protects the lineman fixing the grid from being burnt by the solar panels. You can keep your fridge operating even when power goes out by using blackouts on your batteries. If you have an off-grid system, you’ll need to be able to charge the batteries even when the sun isn’t shining.
Solar Array Installation Cost
A complete home solar system will cost between $18,000 and $20,000. This estimate assumes that a complete home solar panel system will cost between $18,000 and $20,000. In light of our costs information, the figure assumes a reinventive price of approximately 2.75 or 3.35 in solar power.
The cost of the equipment needed to build the solar array is 5800- $7850. The remaining cost of the system includes costs for the solar inverter(s) and the price of installation.
Solar Panel Calculator
Based on an average monthly energy consumption of 877 (kWh) (kilowatt-hours) an average American house would require between 19 and 23 solar panels. After tax credits from the federal government, it would cost between $13,000 and $16,200 to put in these many solar panels.
There’s a possibility that your energy usage isn’t as high as the U.S. average. The number of solar panels you require will depend on several aspects like the location of your home and the kind of solar panels you select.
There are many variables that can determine the number of solar panels you will require.
It is a commonly held belief about the dimensions of your house determines the amount of solar panels you’ll require. You must know how many solar panels your solar power system requires.
Your energy usage: The more you use electricity, the more solar panels will be needed to pay for your electricity costs.
Sunshine in your region homes in less sunny areas will require more solar panels to reduce their electricity bills. The southwest region of the United States receives the most sunlight, whereas the Northeast gets the lowest amount of sunlight.
Panel wattage: This is also known as”power rating. Most solar panels today are rated at around 320 watts per panel. If you want panels with more power then you’ll need less panels.
Solar Panel System
The sun is the principal sun’s energy source. The solar panel, also known as PV panels, is utilized for converting sunlight (which is composed by photons) into electricity which can then be used to power electrical loads. It also includes a collection made of solar PV cells.
Solar panels can be used for many purposes like remote power systems to power cabins or remote sensing. You can also produce electricity with commercial or residential electrical systems that are solar powered. Photovoltaic modules are made up of photovoltaic cell circuits that have been sealed in an environmentally-protective laminate. They are the basic building elements in solar systems. Photovoltaic panels are made up of at least one PV module which can be arranged into a pre-wired field-installable unit.
Types of Solar Panels
Different manufacturers might have different styles or features for solar panels. Most solar panels fall within one of the following three types: monocrystalline, thin-film, or polycrystalline.
While these panels don’t offer the same level of efficiency or physical attributes however, they are all efficient. Each panel type has each its own pros and cons.
They are more durable than conventional silicon-based panels. Below is a description of the various types of panels.
Monocrystalline Solar Panels - Monocrystalline panels are most efficient. To extract the best possible from silicon, the parent material, they employ a unique manufacturing method. Monocrystalline panels are constructed from silicon ingots which have extremely high quality. These wafers can then be divided into small wafers and mounted in a grid-like manner. Every silicon wafer is distinctive and is easily identified. The panel appears as black.
Monocrystalline panels are constructed of silicon ingots with a an extremely high purity rating. They can produce electricity with a remarkable efficiency. They are extremely compact and work in low light conditions with greater efficiency than other panels.
The panels are more costly in comparison to other types of panels and that’s a problem. However, costs vary among panel styles and manufacturers. Monocrystalline panels tend to generate waste due to their circular silicon ingots. The edges of each wafer are taken away when they are manufactured.
Monocrystalline solar cells tend to be more costly than polycrystalline ones. Polycrystalline panels are constructed of melted silicon. The melted silicon is then put into square wafers. This melting process allows almost all of the material to be usedup, which means that there is no material.
These panels are efficient with an average efficiency between 13 percent and 16 percent. They are less effective in comparison to monocrystalline panels. They are also less effective in low-light or high heat conditions.
Polycrystalline panels are often larger than thin-film or monocrystalline panels and are more attractive due to their shimmering blue hue.
Thin-Film Solar Panels Thin-Film panels aren’t made of silicon like other types. These panels are made with different photovoltaic materials and are put on layer of substrate. This unique design creates panels with distinctive features.
Thin-film panels are still able to be used in a variety of applications although they’re less efficient than monocrystalline or polycrystalline panels. They can be utilized in areas where conventional solar panels aren’t suitable.
Thin-film solar cells are less well-known than they used to be, particularly for residential locations. Due to their low efficiency , their big space requirements and the lack of connectivity to the grid, these solar panels may not suit every roof design. These solar cells are less durable than traditional panels and can be more susceptible to degradation.
Solar Panels near you
We recommend you to compare your options at Nevada Solar Power Installers. Sign up on the Nevada Solar Power Installers Marketplace and get quotes from several pre-screened, vetted installers. You can specify your preferences regarding the solar panel you’re looking for and our experts will be able to tailor the package to meet your needs. This Solar Calculator will give you an estimate of costs and savings you can anticipate as you begin the research for your solar system.
Solar Panel Systems Company
Unbiased consumer reviews
Nevada Solar Power Installers has verified customer reviews for nearly all national solar companies. To ensure that you only view reviews from genuine customers, we use both computer and manual tests. We filter out fake reviews and negative reviews from competitors.
Expert ratings for solar installers
Customer reviews aren’t enough to judge the worthiness of a company. Installers frequently offer incentives to get positive reviews. This can help drown out negative reviews and increase their score on reviews. We have developed a rating scheme for solar installation companies that is based upon a number of variables.
Expert ratings of manufacturers
Reviews are not very useful when it comes to equipment to power solar panels. While reviews are often left by the consumer right after the installation of their solar system solar panels, they can last as long as 25 years. We have created an expert rating system to aid solar manufacturers. It is based upon key factors.
Online savings and cost calculator
The online calculator we provide calculates the precise cost of solar panels , and helps you save money. It shows consumers how many panels they will need, average local prices, savings estimates, and payback periods.
We won’t allow any solar company to pay us to hide negative reviews. These companies claim that other review websites have permitted them to use this method however we do not support this kind of untrustworthy practice.
The most reputable solar companies
Nevada Solar Power Installers works to ensure that the industry is not damaged by unscrupulous businessmen. We will only introduce you with solar contractors that have been pre-screened if you request quotes via our website.
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Uncommon speech topics. What are some good unique speech topics? 2022-11-09
Uncommon speech topics Rating:
Uncommon speech topics are those that deviate from the norm and challenge the audience to think in new and unconventional ways. These topics can be difficult to discuss, as they often require a deeper understanding of complex issues and may push against societal norms and beliefs. However, they can also be incredibly rewarding to explore, as they can spark meaningful conversations and inspire new ways of thinking.
Some examples of uncommon speech topics might include:
The concept of time: Time is something that we experience every day, but it is also a complex and abstract concept that has puzzled philosophers and scientists for centuries. A speech on the nature of time could explore the various theories and perspectives on this concept, as well as its impact on our lives and the ways in which we perceive it.
The ethics of artificial intelligence: As technology continues to advance, the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to shape our world is becoming increasingly significant. A speech on the ethics of AI could explore the potential risks and benefits of this technology, as well as the ethical considerations that need to be taken into account when developing and using it.
The future of work: The world of work is constantly evolving, and it is difficult to predict what the future will hold. A speech on the future of work could explore the potential impacts of automation, remote work, and other emerging trends on the job market and the ways in which people will work in the coming years.
The psychology of social media: Social media has become an integral part of many people's lives, but it can also have a profound impact on our mental health and well-being. A speech on the psychology of social media could delve into the ways in which social media use affects our relationships, self-esteem, and overall well-being.
The role of culture in communication: Culture plays a significant role in the way we communicate with others, influencing everything from body language to the words we use. A speech on the role of culture in communication could explore the ways in which cultural differences can impact the way we communicate and how to navigate these differences effectively.
Uncommon speech topics can be challenging to discuss, but they also have the potential to spark meaningful conversations and inspire new ways of thinking. By exploring these topics, we can gain a deeper understanding of the world around us and the ways in which it is changing.
Top 190 Interesting Informative Speech Topics and Ideas
Easy Speech Topics in English How can Online Learning be Fun? According to your needs, our qualified speech helpers will assist you in preparing and delivering amazing informative speech content on time at a reasonable cost. Speeches can be tedious. Here's a list of informative speech topics to get you started. Speeches on processes: It deals with the various actions. Start preparation once you are done with the topic selection.
How can I talk without preparing? A single link must connect all the pieces of your arguments and statements. Everyone wants to perform better at work, and this topic is the perfect opportunity to show people how to improve in their chosen profession. If you get up in front of an audience with one of these "vanilla" speeches, you can count on people tuning out within a few minutes. Also, new information that changes preconceived notions of the truth fascinates audiences and leave them wanting to share with others. How do I give a great 2 minute speech? How to choose the best speech topics for a presentation? Check the entire list and pick the topic of your choice. The things can be products, places, animals, people, etc.
Right from topic selection to proofreading, you can get exclusive benefits by utilizing our speech services online. These suggestions will help you navigate through the selection process. Even practiced speakers can get nervous when asked to give a talk on the spot. You can use this topic to jump into productivity tips and to motivate people to work toward a common goal. Do you have the will to win in Tropicana? Our writers will create a custom piece of writing designed specifically for both you and to help you achieve the class you require, all while writing in good English.
110 Informative Speech Topics and Ideas for Students
What was the meaning of various words that changed over time? How long is a 1-minute speech? Control your nerves by taking a deep breath before you begin, and taking brief pauses every so often while you are talking. Conclusion It is the final part of your informative speech where you need to restate a thesis statement and review some important points. Even for this short duration speech, you will be required to follow a structure on what you are going to say. You undoubtedly did not take the opportunity to speak just to bore people, did you? In contrary to all of this, you need to apprehend all the work reciting over here. It is very important to ensure that what you are saying is clearly understood by others. No one wants to fall for a lie, and this topic is sure to keep listeners interested in what you have to say.
7 Unique Speech Topics to Keep Your Audience Engaged
If you have selected the topic and realized that you have no time or not enough skills to write it, don't worry. Look through the list of topics below to see if you can find something that interests you. Top Informative Speech Topics To help you in selecting the informative speech topic, here we have listed the latest top informative speech topics. Is time a crucial component? Why is prudent consumption crucial? The main objective of this paper is to explain to the audience how to perform that action. Tips to Choose an Impromptu Speech Topic The following are some of the quick tips you can keep in mind while choosing a topic for your speech.
150+ Interesting Impromptu Speech Topics To Choose From
You will generally have 1-3 minutes to prepare a speech that will last 5-7 minutes. Basically, to present an informative speech, a good topic is necessary. But, sometimes, even after brainstorming for hours, students still need help deciding what topic to choose. The initial step of crafting a speech requires a unique school speech topic. Here are a few suggestions.
The final speech copy should be original and informative with relevant supporting facts or evidence to prove the major points. Romanticism in popular English literature. An informative speech is a type of speech that focuses on an anecdote or monologue that is filled with reliable and relevant data. For that reason, it is also one of the most useful speeches to master. The format should hold the attention of the readers in the beginning and should take them throughout the entire process till the end. Tips for Choosing an Ideal Informative Speech Topic The first step and most important step in the speech preparation process is topic selection.
It is likely the most crucial aspect of your academic speech. Informative speech refers to an anecdote, speech or monologue that is filled with reliable and relevant data. Should violent video games be banned? How do you come up with a good topic for a speech? We can help you out with that. Typically, informative speech is somewhat different from conventional speech. What do you want people to say about you at your funeral? Suggesting technology hurts efficiency is a great topic. What is Impromptu Speech? Its main objective is to provide knowledge to the audience on any given topic by providing interesting and original information. Just be sure that your speech addresses the topic adequately and that listeners are left satisfied by what you've had to say.
These kinds of speeches are becoming a popular way to test and practice public speaking and communication skills. My conversation with a historical figure Structure your speech around an imagined conversation with a famous person from history. A good mark is distinctive. Arrrr or you might love hearing informative speeches but are unable to pull out your words when it comes to you. An impromptu speech is a type of speech that you have to prepare in a certain amount of time.
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Microscopic chinks in a material can spread and grow into larger fissures—ones that can split apart the plastics and composites used in airplanes, spacecraft, electronics, sports equipment, and pipes. A new, simple technique uses embedded microcapsules to reveal tiny, invisible cracks in a wide variety of plastics by making the cracks glow (ACS Cent. Sci. 2016, DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00198). Such an early warning strategy to detect these fractures could allow engineers to replace or repair critical components and prevent catastrophes.
Microscopic capsules loaded with various patching materials have been mixed into paints, plastics, and electronics to give the materials self-healing properties. Some researchers have tried to extend this technique to monitoring structural materials for damage. Typically, they have filled capsules with dyes or fluorescent molecules that change color or glow when they react with certain functional groups within the polymer or with triggering compounds. But such early warning systems are complex or have to be redesigned for each polymer or composite.
Nancy R. Sottos, Jeffrey S. Moore, and colleagues at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, came up with a simple, sensitive system that’s independent of the polymer. They embed plastics with microcapsules filled with molecules that glow on their own after being released. The slightest crack in the plastic ruptures these capsules, triggering a bright blue fluorescent signal that can be detected under ultraviolet light for days. It’s as if the material “bruises,” letting you quickly identify a damaged part before it fails, says Michael Keller, a mechanical engineer at the University of Tulsa, who was not involved in the work.
The system uses polyurethane capsules about 110 µm wide filled with a dilute solution of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethylene (TPE) in an organic solvent. The TPE molecules fluoresce brightly only when they aggregate. When damage ruptures the capsules, the solvent evaporates, and the molecules form crystalline deposits on the capsule shell that shine under UV light.
To test the system, the researchers made coatings of epoxy, polyurethane, polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane, and polyacryclic acid, each containing 10% by weight of the capsules. Scratches made with a blade were undetectable under visible light but shone bright blue when inspected with a handheld UV lamp. The researchers could detect cracks smaller than 2 µm in size and as long as 40 days after the damage occurred.
“We really are interested in incorporating this technology with self-healing technology,” saysMaxwell J. Robb, a postdoctoral researcher in Moore’s laboratory. They also plan to explore the use of the capsules inside composites and other materials.
A lot of time and money is spent today inspecting structural composite parts or overdesigning them so they do not fail, Keller says. He adds that the approach might not work for cracks deeper within a material because the solvent might not evaporate and the light might be harder to spot.
Christoph Weder, a polymer chemist who studies self-healing materials at the University of Fribourg, adds that long-term stability might be a challenge since the solvents could evaporate prematurely, and the need for UV light adds a step. Nevertheless, its simplicity and versatility for various polymers makes the strategy promising, he says. “When I first saw this advance, I said, ‘Four-letter word,’ we should have thought of this.”
- Chemical & Engineering News
- ISSN 0009-2347
- Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society
- Posted by Admin
- On October 5, 2015
- 0 Comments
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WHAT IS ADHD?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health condition that can cause unusual levels of hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors. People with ADHD may also have trouble focusing their attention on a single task or sitting still for long periods of time.
Many people experience inattention and changes in energy levels. For a person with ADHD, this happens more often and to a greater extent compared with people who don’t have the condition. It can have a significant effect on their studies, work, and home life.
Both adults and children can have ADHD. It’s a diagnosis recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). Learn about types of ADHD and symptoms in both children and adults.
Other helpful ResouRceS
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Graphics Programs Reference
is much more interesting now that the Blip preset
starts and ends at each individual path segment.
You can remove one or more control
points from a path by selecting the points and then
clicking this button on the Infobar; you can also press
or use the right-click pop-up menu command
to delete a selected point. When control points are
deleted from a path, the neighboring path segments
change. If the remaining control points on either side of
the deleted control point have the Smooth Join property,
they retain this property and the resulting shape, making
it simple to refine the new shape while keeping the path
segments and joins smooth in overall look.
F IGURE 3-3
Use the Reverse
paths feature to make the start
control point the end point and vice
The usefulness of this feature won't
become apparent until you apply an outline to a path;
you'll be able to see the most pronounced changes by
using Stroke Shapes/Pressure
Profiles. All you need to do is
select a single control point with
the Shape Editor Tool and then
click the Reverse Paths button.
Figure 3-3 shows what happens
to a spiral path with the Saw
Tooth profile applied at left and
then reversed at right. You can
achieve different looks for paths
with a single click.
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You want to create a healthy and fresh organic garden. This is the perfect time. This article is packed with tips and inspiration that will allow you to better understand the basics of organic horticulture. Read on!
Sod should be laid properly. Before the sod can be laid, you should prepare the soil. Remove the weeds, then break up the soil into fine tilth. Flatten your soil and make it slightly compact. You then will want to thoroughly wet the soil. Avoid laying your sod in straight rows with all of the seams lining up. Instead, stagger the rows for a more pleasing visual effect. Tamp down the sod so it has a flat and even surface, then using some extra soil, fill the gaps between. According to your climate, you will likely need to water the new sod daily over a period of a couple of weeks. This will insure proper root formation and establishment.
Use pots to start your plants, then transfer them to a garden when they become seedlings. This will help the plants make it to full growth. In addition, it offers you a smaller time frame between plantings. You can plant the seedlings once you have removed the old plants.
Utilize your garden tool handles as convenient makeshift rulers. Tools with long handles, such as rakes, hoes, and shovels can be converted into handy measuring sticks. Place the handles on the floor, then set a measuring tape alongside them. Mark your distances with a permanent marker. When you are gardening next, you’ll have a ruler beside you at all times.
Use biennials and annuals to add color to your flower beds. Fast-growing annuals and biennials can brighten up a flower bed, and allow you to change the look from season to season and year to year. They are useful for filling gaps in between shrubs and perennials in sunny areas. Some plants to get you started include petunia, marigold, sunflower, rudbekcia, and cosmos.
When mowing your lawn, be careful not to cut the grass too far down. If you allow your grass to grow a little longer, the roots will go down deeper into the dirt, helping the grass grow better and remain hydrated. When you cut the grass too short, the roots are often not deep enough, which causes your lawn to have dry patches of brown, discolored grass.
Many people think the best green gardens start from seeds, rather than plants. Planting seeds is the most eco-friendly way to start a new garden. Plastics from nurseries aren’t recycled often, which causes them to go into landfills; so try starting with seeds, or buying from organic nurseries.
Pouring the excess water from your dinner of steamed veggies on them can help. In order to help acidify the soil for plants like gardenias and rhododendrons, you can use coffee and tea grounds. If fungus is ravaging your potted plants, sprinkle a bit of Chamomile tea on them, and see if it helps.
During the hottest hours of each day, your vegetables become too soft, and even gentle harvesting will cause damage and bruising. You can also protect both your vegetables and the plant they grow on by cutting them off instead of twisting them off.
Using a solution of aspirin and water can prevent certain plant diseases. One and a half aspirin, dissolved in two gallons of water, can be a great addition to your plants. You can just spray this on them to fight disease. Plants should be sprayed once every two to three weeks.
You’ll save time and energy if you keep tools nearby while working in your garden. You can make use of a bucket, or wear pants that have plenty of pockets. If you have your pruning shears, spade, trowel and gloves handy, you will be able to get your horticulture chores done much more quickly.
When a seed actually sprouts, it doesn’t need to be in as warm an environment. As your baby plants grow, you can move them from their heat source. Also, remove plastic coverings from the tops of your growing containers to keep them from becoming too warm or humid. Watching your plants as they grow will give you the insight on when to employ these tactics.
Water based on the current climate and the season. Knowing how much to water your plants can be a difficult task. You will want to look into various things, such as time of day, quality of water and type of soil. In warm climates with high humidity, for instance, plants often develop fungal infections when water is applied to the leaves. Instead, keep the root system well-watered.
Consider adding mulch for healthier soil. Mulch acts as a protective covering for the soil. It will keep the soil cool in the summer, which protects the roots. Mulch also slows the rate at which water evaporates, which improves your soil’s ability to retain moisture. It also is helpful in keeping weeds under control.
Be careful with the amount of water that you’re giving your plants when gardening. Roots need to draw in nutrients via the soil, and they cannot do this if they’re flooded with water. Always check the weather forecast for chances of rain before going outside to water your plants. Depending on the weather, you might want to skip watering for the day.
You should be more prepared with organic gardening. If you thought that you were ready before, well you should now be an expert! The tips offered here have give you advice aimed to help your horticulture efforts.
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Choosing a website address or domain name is one of the first steps in establishing a web presence.
Your website address/domain name identifies your website on the Internet and looks something like this www.mywebsite.com.
In addition your domain name will also be used for your email addresses, which take the form: [email protected].
There are three steps required in getting a website address:
- Choose the desired domain name
- Check if the domain name available
- Register the domain name
Choosing a Website Address/Domain Name
Domain names are, like business names, and domain names for offline businesses generally use the business name.
For example, Microsoft corporation ( business name) uses the domain name microsoft.com.
Domain names like business names are decided on by the person/company registering the name.
The only criteria is that the domain name cannot already have been registered.
However unlike business names, domain names have a structure as you can see with the example microsoft.com.
Here you can see that full stops (dots) are used to separate the different name segments microsoft and com.
It isn’t really necessary to go into the technical detail on the exact structure in order for you grasp the basics of what a domain name is. See Understanding domain name structure if you want more details.
Domain Name Selection
1. Domain Name Extension e.g. .com .co.uk etc
Most people automatically think that they should have a domain name ending in .com and usually use businessname.com as the domain name.
For Example if your business name is J smith and sons then your domain name could be:
There is nothing wrong with this, and it is indeed a good choice. However it is not the only possibility.
The .com domain name extension It is the number 1 choice for anyone with a North American based business or an International business.
However; if your business is local in nature and is located outside the USA/Canada then a geographic name like businessname.co.uk (UK ) is usually more appropriate.
UK Websites .co.uk or .co
the .co domina name was introduced to server the same purpose as the ,com domain name.
However it came a little too late as the .co.uk domain extension was already in widespread use for UK business websites.
However if you find that the .co.uk version of the domain name is already taken then the .co extension is an alternative.
2. Domain Name Length
Try to keep your domain name as short as possible less than 15 characters is considered best. This can be difficult to do due to the number of registered domain names.
3. Delimiters in Names e.g. Hyphens
Try to avoid using delimiters in the name .e.g. buildyourwebsite is now considered better than build-your-website.
If you need a delimiter use an hyphen -.
4. Keyword or Brandable Domains
Keyword based domain names are popular with many small sites that rely on search engines for their traffic. The keywords are what you would expect a searcher to use when looking for a site on a search engine.
For example if you had a store selling log burners you might try the domain names LogBurningStore.com
Larger companies tend to go for short and catchy names like Google,Yahoo, WhatsApp,
Avoid domain names that are easily confused with existing brand names and trademarks.
5. Naming Tips
- Adding a letter of modifier to an existing word e.g. itunes,flickr,Pinterest,
- Combining 2 or more words ForUs,ToGo,YouTube
For example YouTube looks better than youtube, but they are the same domain name.
Avoiding Domain Name Scams
Domain names are cheap, typically costing less than $20. I have heard of small businesses paying $100 for a domain name by “so called” domain name registration companies.
Beware of any company that tries to sell you a domain name over the telephone or through the mail and charges more than $20.
Checking if the Domain Name is Available
When choosing a domain name you have to be aware that others may have already registered the domain name you want to use.
Therefore part of the name selection process is to eliminate those names that are already registered.
I use the 1&1-UK domain check tool on the 1and1 website.
Using the tool doesn’t mean you have to buy the domain name from them.
There are many domain registration companies available and you should always register your own name.
You should register the domain name with the same company that you use for hosting the website as it is easier to manage from a single control panel.
For example I host this site on 1and1 UK and registered the domain name through them.
This means that I can manage the hosting space and the domain name through the same control panel.
If it is registered on your behalf by your website designer then you should always insist that it is registered to you/ your company.
Here are the registration details showing myself as the owner for one of my domain names.
Further down the form you will see 1and1 Internet ltd listed as technical support. This is the company I used to register the domain name. This is perfectly normal and what you require.
Private Domain Registration
Normally when you register a domain name your contact details are publicly available via the whois database.
This is actually a requirement of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
Unfortunately this information can, and is used by spammers and telemarketers.
Many Domain registrars offer domain privacy services which protect your personal details.
Essentially they replace your personal details with generic company details belonging to the domain registrar.
You should be aware that domain privacy is not available on all domain names.
In addition some domain registrars will charge for this service.
If you are wondering if you really need it then this article details the pros and cons.
Personally I don’t use it.
Domain Names Need Renewing
When you buy a domain name you are actually leasing it, as you will need to renew the name periodically, usually yearly.
If you forget you lose it!!!. Therefore I recommend you choose a domain registrar that does automatic renewals on your behalf.
Domain Names and Email Addresses
You can use your domain name as an email address and most domain name registration companies provide the ability to create and manage email addresses as part of the domain name registration package.
Moving Hosts/Domain Name Registrars
If you are unhappy with your present domain name registrar or host you can always move.
Moving a website between hosting providers is quite a technical process, and I do consider this a last resort, and should not be done lightly.
Common Questions and Answers
Q- Are Domain Names Case Sensitive?
A- No but they are often written with some letters capitalized to improve legibility.
Q- Can You Use Numbers in Domain Names?
Q- Do I Get Hosting With a Domain Name?
A- No but you often get a domain name with web hosting. See- Website Hosting Guide
Q- What;s the difference between a domain name and a URL?
A- The domain name is part of a URL -See Understanding URLs Beginners Guide
Q- How many Sub domains can I have with a Domain Name?
A- In theory as many as you want but your registrar may restrict the number- See Beginners Guide to Subdomains
Q- How to I link my domain name to my website?
A- This is done using a DNS record which you may need to edit. However if you use the same domain name registrar and hosting company it is usually done automatically when the hosting account is initialised.
This video shows the process using a subdomain but the same applies to a domain.
Old 3 part video series on domain names that you might find useful:
Related Articles and resources:
- Shopify site has a good article on choosing a store name with links to name generators that you can use for inspiration.
- Understanding Website Hosting Options
- 1and1 Hosting Review
- Bluehost Hosting review
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Death of French king Louis IX
19th-century illustration, "Death of Saint Louis," drawn by A. de Neuville. French king Louis IX dies in 1279 of typhoid fever.
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Credit: Eon Images. No US copyright applies; publication elsewhere may be subject to restrictions of country of use. Determination of trademark, privacy, and publicity rights are responsibility of user. Source details available upon request.
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Kentucky governor ratifies Nineteenth Amendment
Governor Edwin P. Morrow signs the so-called Anthony Amendment (Nineteenth Amendment). Kentucky was the twenty-fourth state to ratify. Image date: January 6, 1920...
Image ID: 001743
Credit: Eon Images. No US copyright applies; publication elsewhere may be subject to restrictions of country of use. Determination of trademark, privacy, and publicity rights are responsibility of user. Source details available upon request.
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This particular piece will be fairly short, because the issues here are relatively simple. One side, the traditional side, sees the Book of Isaiah as a basic unity composed by the prophet of that name at an early date - between 740-680 B.C. The other side says this book was put together by at least three authors, some parts early, some parts late.
And what are the arguments used to remove parts of Isaiah from the prophet by that name? There are basically two sets.
First, there are arguments related to internal structure. This includes alleged differences in style, vocabulary, and theological thought.
We need not say a lot about this set of arguments. Even critics who favor Isaianic disunity long ago acknowledged that arguments based on these premises are not decisive [McKn.2I, xv]. The more recent view, at any rate, has recognized that there is actually a great deal of continuity between the variously assigned sections of Isaiah, and is now, rather ironically, explaining this continuity in terms of a final redactor who smoothed things over and made Isaiah look more like a single-authored work, in some places using earlier material from the time of the original Isaiah (See for example OCon.CCLSI, Melv.NVI.) - thus offering an explanation for signs of early composition such as the antiquity of the Hebrew and the references to idolatry which would be anachronistic if the book were a later composition.
So, to the second argument set - using fulfilled prophecy.
Is. 44:28 "...who says of Cyrus, 'He is my shepherd and will accomplish all that I please; he will say of Jerusalem, "Let it be rebuilt," and of the temple, "Let its foundations be laid.' "
Is. 45:1 "This is what the LORD says to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I take hold of to subdue nations before him and to strip kings of their armor, to open doors before him so that gates will not be shut..."
We see these as a prophecy of the Persian king Cyrus - he who sent the Jews home from their Babylonian trials and authorized the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the temple. Pretty strong and specific stuff if authentic. What can the critics say?
It all boils down, of course, to a denial of predictive prophecy, and barring recovery of a manuscript dating earlier than Cyrus, all either side can do is stick by their presumptions.
Not that some haven't tried to go further; McKenzie, for example, argues [McKbn.2I, xv]:
That Isaiah...could use the name of a king, in a language unknown to him, who ruled in a kingdom which did not exist...taxes probability too far. It is not a question of placing limits to the vision of prophecy but the limits of intelligibility; even if the name were by hypothesis meaningful to the prophet, it could not be meaningful to his readers or listeners.
But if a revelation had come to me in 1975, "Koresh will cause trouble in Waco," the name would be meaningful neither to me nor to anyone I told about it. The context of the words, as in Isaiah, would tell us that "Koresh" was a proper name of some sort; we might not know the proper name of what specifically (a person? a dog? a battleship?), but it would be quite clear even 20-25 years before the fact that someone or something called "Koresh" was involved.
This would be so even if the prophecy were delivered in 1875; it might have been less clear in, say, 1675, before Waco existed also, but even then, the context would help us ascertain what the word intended.
Bottom line - what you think of Isaiah depends on where you start, and that's all that can be done until someone digs up a copy in the ruins that dates before the Exile.
- McKn.2I - McKenzie, John L. Second Isaiah, New York: Doubleday, 1968.
- Melv.NVI - Melugin, Roy F. and Marvin A. Sweeney, eds. New Visions of Isaiah. JSOT, 1996.
- OCon.CCLSI - Ocnnell, Robert H. Concentricity and Continuity: The Literary Structure of Isaiah. Sheffield Academic Press, 1994.
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Academic Success AVID
Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID), is a national high school program designed to close the opportunity gap by providing support to students and encouraging college readiness.
It is an academic elective that students typically begin their freshman year and continue with through 12th grade. The curriculum aims to strengthen writing, time management, and organizational skills to enable students to succeed in their academic courses and be accepted into 4-year colleges and universities. College-related activities such as campus visits, guest speakers, PSAT/SAT/ACT test preparation, and application help are also part of the AVID class.
How Volunteers Can Help
Volunteers are needed during tutorial, a time each week when facilitators help small groups of students use collaborative inquiry and study skills to tackle questions from their academic courses. Volunteers help students find the answers themselves, so content knowledge is not necessary.
Training on the tutorial process is provided by 10,000 Degrees and the individual schools. AVID classes are offered at Novato High School, San Rafael High, Terra Linda and Tam High.
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John Adams is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American composer of contemporary classical music. Known for his operas Nixon in China and The Death of Klinghoffer, as well as for multiple orchestral works, Adams speaks here about Doctor Atomic, his 2005 opera set at Los Alamos in the weeks leading up to the Trinity Test. He describes the creation of the work and why he was initially hesitant to develop an opera around J. Robert Oppenheimer and the Manhattan Project. He discusses its unusual libretto, which uses only words actually spoken or written by the people depicted in the opera, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer, General Leslie Groves, Leo Szilard, and Edward Teller.
Jim Eckles worked for decades for the White Sands Missile Range Public Affairs Office, managing open houses and tours of the Trinity site, where the world’s first nuclear test took place. In this interview, Eckles describes the history of Trinity site. He discusses the ranchers who lived on it before the Manhattan Project took over, the buildings used by the scientists, and what it was like to live on the site before and during the war. He provides an overview of the Trinity Test and the “Gadget,” 100 ton TNT test, and the making of “Jumbo.” Eckles also discusses some of the key workers at Trinity site, including scientists, technicians, photographers, and MPs. He also explains some of the controversy around the site, including radiation levels, concerns over fallout from the test, and the atomic bombings of Japan.
Dr. Jon Hunner is a Professor of History at New Mexico State University, the author of “Inventing Los Alamos” and “J. Robert Oppenheimer, the Cold War and the Atomic West,” and a former director of the New Mexico History Museum. In this interview, Hunner provides an overview of life at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project, including its takeover of the Los Alamos Ranch School and its relationship with Hispanos and Pueblos in the area. He talks about how Manhattan Project scientists and their family members would arrive in Santa Fe, and the sites in Santa Fe that are linked to the project. Hunner also discusses J. Robert Oppenheimer and his family, and Oppenheimer’s security hearing that revoked his security clearance. He describes the devastating effects of the atomic bombs on the Japanese who lived in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and discusses his thoughts on the influence of the atomic bombs on Japan’s decision to surrender.
John Attanas worked as a chemical engineer and supervisor for the E.I. DuPont Company during World War II. In his interview, he describes living and working on the Manhattan Project at both the Oak Ridge, TN and Hanford, WA sites. He recalls witnessing the Trinity Test and DuPont’s attention to radiation safety, as well as working for the Air Force and General Electric after the war. He shares anecdotes about his parents, family, childhood and interests in chemical engineering. He also reflects on his interactions with Jewish refugees in Manhattan, the Bataan Death March, and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Felix DePaula was an Army private stationed at the Trinity Site and Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project. After the war, DePaula stayed at Los Alamos, and worked for the Zia Company there. In this interview, DePaula talks about life at Trinity Site, especially the isolation and the entertainment he and his fellow soldiers would come up with to pass the time. He describes the rodeos the military police would help set up. DePaula also witnessed the Trinity test, and talks about the feeling among the troops after seeing the detonation. He also recalls the high security at the gates to Los Alamos.
W. Stanley Hall was eighteen years old when he was recruited to work as a machinist on the cyclotron, first at Princeton University and later at the Los Alamos Laboratory. He worked at Los Alamos as a civilian, then later was drafted and worked as part of the Special Engineer Detachment (SED). In this interview, he describes both his work and recreational experiences during the Manhattan Project. He witnessed the Trinity Test from a location ten miles away. Hall describes hearing “The Star Spangled Banner” play over the radio at the moment of the Trinity Test and the color and the noise of the explosion. Hall also talks about taking advantage of the hiking, fishing, and horseback riding opportunities around him, including some trouble he encountered walking Kitty Oppenheimer’s horse. He provides an overview of his forty-year-long career at Los Alamos National Laboratory, where he worked for the computing group.
John Manley was a nuclear physicist who worked for the Manhattan Project from its early days. In this interview with Martin Sherwin, Manley recalls being impressed by George Kennan and Omar Bradley’s testimony before the Atomic Energy Commission. He also discusses the contributions to the project and personalities of General Kenneth Nichols, General Leslie Groves, and Peer de Silva. He also explains the founding of Los Alamos and and reflects on Oppenheimer’s transition into the “great administrator.”
Louis Hempelmann worked as a doctor at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project and was close friends with J. Robert Oppenheimer. In this interview, he discusses the other doctors at Los Alamos and their roles, including his own occasional role as anesthetist. He recalls visiting a radium dial plant in Boston to observe how the company protected its workers from radiation, and how they adopted similar practices at Los Alamos.
Louis Hempelmann was J. Robert Oppenheimer’s physician and close friend. In this interview, he discusses the hierarchy at Los Alamos, what it was like to work with Kitty Oppenheimer, and Kitty and Robert’s relationship. He recalls his interactions with Oppie, Enrico and Laura Fermi, and Edward Teller, and the parties that Oppenheimer and others used to throw at Los Alamos. Hempelmann remembers driving to Trinity Site with George Kistiakowsky and the high explosives—on Friday the 13th.
Edwin and Elsie McMillan were among the first people to arrive at Los Alamos. Edwin, who would go on to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, was involved in the initial selection of Los Alamos. In this lecture, Edwin describes visiting Jemez Springs and Los Alamos when he, Oppenheimer, and General Groves were deciding on the site for the weapons laboratory. McMillan also discusses his involvement in implosion research, the gun program, and recruiting scientists including Richard Feynman to the project at Princeton University. He also remembers requisitioning Harvard’s cyclotron for the Manhattan Project.
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To attach moss to a rock, you will need the following items: a piece of live moss, scissors or garden shears, and some rocks. First, cut off a piece of live moss from its root system using scissors or garden shears. Make sure that you get as much of the root system attached to the moss as possible for it to grow properly on your chosen rock.
Then place the piece of moss onto your desired rock – if necessary use staples or glue to keep it in place temporarily. Finally, spray water on the area daily until roots start growing into the cracks and crevices of your rock surface. Once established, continue spraying lightly every few days so that the moss can stay healthy and thrive in its new home!
- Gather moss and rocks: Collect some moss from your local area, or purchase it from a nursery if you prefer
- Choose the type of rock that best suits the space in which you plan to place the decoration
- Prepare moss for attachment: Soak the moss in water for about 15 minutes until it is saturated and pliable
- Squeeze out any excess moisture before continuing with attaching it to the rock
- Attach with glue: Cover both sides of the moss with an adhesive such as craft glue or hot glue, pressing firmly against each side of the rock so that they stick together when dry
- Make sure there are no air bubbles between them, as these can weaken the bond over time and cause separation between them eventually
- 4 Dry thoroughly: Allow 24 hours minimum for drying before handling your newly attached decoration piece carefully without damaging it further
How to Attach Moss to Wood Aquarium
Aquarium moss adds beauty and texture to any fish tank. It’s simple to attach moss directly to wood in the aquarium; you will need some tweezers, craft glue, and of course, your desired type of aquarium moss. Start by cleaning the wood with a sponge or cloth that won’t leave behind fibers.
Next, use tweezers to place small bits of aquarium moss onto the clean wood piece. Make sure each piece is firmly placed on the wooden surface before applying a thin layer of craft glue over it for added stability. Allow time for drying before adding water or other decorations into your newly decorated tank!
How to Glue Moss to Cardboard
Glue moss to cardboard for a beautiful and unique craft project or decoration. To do this, start by cleaning the cardboard surface with a damp cloth. Next, spread glue over the area where you want to place your moss.
Finally, press your moss onto the glued area and hold in place until it is secure. Allow time for your project to dry before displaying or using it as desired!
How to Attach Moss to Wall
Attaching moss to a wall is an easy and beautiful way to bring nature indoors. All it takes is some sphagnum moss, glue, and a few simple tools. Start by cutting the sphagnum moss into small pieces that are just large enough to cover the desired area of your wall.
Next, apply wood glue or craft glue in small sections along the wall where you would like to attach your moss pieces. Finally, press each piece firmly onto the glued areas making sure they adhere properly before moving on to the next section. Your newly attached moss will add texture and life wherever you choose!
Best Glue for Fake Moss
When looking for the best glue to use on fake moss, most people opt for a hot glue gun. Hot glue is strong and durable while still allowing you to adjust or reposition your decorations if needed. It also dries quickly so that your project can be completed in no time!
How to Glue Java Moss to Rock
Java moss is a popular aquarium plant that adds beauty and texture to your tank. Glueing java moss to rocks can be an easy way to add more visual interest and provide shelter for fish. To glue java moss onto rocks, you’ll need superglue or aquarium-safe silicone sealant.
Start by cleaning both the rock and java moss with warm water, then dabbing them dry with paper towels. Apply a small amount of superglue or silicone sealant directly onto the surface of the rock where you want the java moss, then press it firmly into place. Allow sufficient time for the glue to dry before adding it to your tank so that everything stays securely in place!
What Glue to Use for Moss
When it comes to adhering moss to a surface, you have several options. The best glue for this job is an all-purpose adhesive such as white craft glue or E6000 Craft Adhesive. Both of these glues are strong and waterproof enough for the task, and will offer long-lasting results.
Be sure not to use superglue, as it can dry too quickly and damage the delicate structure of your moss.
How to Attach Moss to Mesh
Attaching moss to mesh can be a great way to create an attractive and natural looking wall or fence. To do this, you will need some wire mesh, small pieces of wood, some glue or adhesive tape, and your desired type of live moss. Start by cutting the wood into strips that are large enough to cover the area on the mesh where you want to attach the moss.
Then use either glue or adhesive tape to secure the wood strips onto the wire mesh. Finally, gather up your fresh-cut moss and press it firmly onto each piece of wood so that it sticks securely in place!
How to Glue Moss to Glass
When it comes to gluing moss to glass, you’ll need a few items: a shallow container, aquarium sealant glue and some live moss. Start by laying the pieces of moss onto the surface of the glass in your desired pattern. Then, apply an even layer of aquarium sealant glue over the top of the moss and let it dry for at least 24 hours.
Once dry, fill up your shallow container with enough water to completely submerge the glued side of your glass piece. Place the submerged piece into your container and leave it there for several days until all air bubbles have been released from between the glass and moss surfaces. Now you’re ready to display your beautiful work!
How Do You Attach Moss to Surface?
Attaching moss to a surface can be done in several ways, depending on the type of moss you’re using and what kind of look you’re going for. The simplest way is to use a spray adhesive or craft glue. Just make sure that whatever product you choose is suitable for outdoor use if your moss will be exposed to the elements.
For more elaborate projects, it may also be necessary to attach wire mesh or some other form of support structure onto the surface before attaching the moss. Once everything is ready, spread an even layer of glue across the desired area and press down firmly with your fingers or a cloth until all areas are secured. You can then add extra layers of moss as needed and finish off with any decorative embellishments like stones or shells for added texture and color.
With just a little bit of planning ahead and patience, creating beautiful living walls with moss couldn’t be easier!
What is the Best Glue to Attach Moss?
The best glue to attach moss is a specially formulated craft glue, such as Mod Podge. It is designed specifically for attaching natural materials like moss, burlap, and other fabrics. The beauty of this type of adhesive is that it dries clear and doesn’t add any extra bulk or weight to your project.
Plus, it won’t yellow over time like some other glues can. When applying Mod Podge to the back of your moss you want to make sure that you lay out an even coat and press down firmly on each side so that all of the little pieces stay attached securely. Allow plenty of drying time before continuing with any further steps in your project – at least 24 hours just to be safe!
Once dry, you should have beautiful results without having had to worry about messy globs of adhesive ruining all your hard work!
How Long Does It Take for Moss to Attach to Rock?
Moss can add a beautiful and natural touch to your garden, but many people are unsure of how long it takes for moss to attach itself to rocks. Generally, once the moss spores have been introduced to the rock or other surface, it will take about two weeks for them to establish themselves. During this time, you must keep the area around the rock moist – either by misting with water or covering with plastic wrap – so that the spores have an ideal environment in which they can grow.
Once established on the rock’s surface, however, moss is relatively low-maintenance; as long as you keep it moderately wet (but not soaking), and provide plenty of shade from direct sunlight, your newly-attached moss should thrive!
How Do You Attach Moss to Rock Aquarium?
Attaching moss to a rock aquarium is quite easy and can be done in just a few steps. For starters, you’ll need some aquatic-safe glue or epoxy to attach the moss securely. You should clean the rocks with an algae pad prior to beginning this process as well.
Once your rocks are clean, use tweezers or chopsticks to place small pieces of sphagnum moss on each rock where desired, then use the aquatic-safe glue or epoxy to secure it into place. It is important that all surfaces are completely dry before applying the adhesive for best results. Additionally, if using live plants (rather than artificial), you can add root tabs underneath them when planting for added nutrition and growth stimulation.
Finally, be sure not to overcrowd your tank with too much decoration or foliage; this will help ensure there is plenty of space for your fishy friends!
TAKE YOUR AQUASCAPE TO THE NEXT LEVEL WITH THIS MOSS METHOD!
In conclusion, attaching moss to rock can be a great way to add texture and color to your garden or outdoor space. It is important that you select the right type of moss for the job, ensure that it has plenty of moisture, and give it time to attach itself securely. With patience and practice, you should find that attaching moss to rock becomes easier over time.
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Evidently, man learns and gains knowledge or skill through action, study, schooling, experience, education, training, and generally, by processing data and information selected by his basic senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing). A learning difficulty, regardless of its cause or nature, does not indicate subnormal intelligence, but rather a learning environment which is not suitable for the person under investigation. This means that the person must be compensated for with special tutoring and a learning environment that is in congruence with his personality traits. The purpose of this test is to discover how a person learns best, that is, modes under which the person gains maximum knowledge or skill. These modes are: a) Auditory, utilising the sound, b) Visual, utilising vision, c) Linguistic, utilising the written word, d) Kinaesthetic, utilising movement, touching, e) Interpersonal, utilising interpersonal relationships, and f) Intrapersonal, showing a preference to study alone and to think independently.
This is a single use license.
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Lottery is the discrete distribution of probabilities on a set of states of nature. The game is incredibly addictive and has been called a hidden tax. But it’s also just a game of chance and there’s no guarantee you’ll win. In this article, we’ll look at what makes Lottery so bad, and how to avoid losing money. Ultimately, we’ll show you why you shouldn’t play Lottery games if you’re not a gambler.
Lottery is a discrete distribution of probability on a set of states of nature
The odds of winning a lottery are based on the probabilities of certain states of nature, and the number of times you play does not change the probability of winning. The lottery is a popular form of gambling, as it is very tempting to play every time you see a winning ticket. In addition to being fun and exciting, lotteries have numerous negative side effects, including addiction and financial ruin.
A lotto ticket has three outcomes, with a probability of one hundred percent, fifty percent, and seven percent. Assuming a win, the expected value of the lottery ticket is $27, and the variance is $841. A risk-neutral person would pay the expected value for the ticket: $27. But if he didn’t know which outcome would occur, he would pay the full price.
It is an addictive form of gambling
Lottery is an addictive form of gambling, a recent study found. Researchers from the University of California, San Francisco, and the University of Southern California have examined gambling behavior among lottery players. They found that people who frequently play the lottery have similar characteristics to those who are compulsive consumers of other forms of gambling. These individuals also report high lottery consumption rates. But, despite its addictive potential, there are many drawbacks to lottery gambling.
While it may seem reasonable to assume that lottery gambling is harmless and can lead to a healthy lifestyle, the truth is much more complex. Pathological gamblers often lie to themselves about their gambling habits, creating a psychological discomfort called cognitive dissonance. The logical solution to this dilemma would be to stop engaging in such behavior, but addiction isn’t logical. Problem gamblers rationalize their behavior and attempt to cover up their bad behavior by engaging in illegal activities.
It is a form of hidden tax
Many people question whether lottery participation is a form of hidden tax. While it is a voluntary activity, it is important to remember that government revenue is preferable to revenue collected through duress. As a result, proponents of the lottery argue that the money collected by lottery players is similar to the tax paid for purchasing a product. The purchase of a lottery ticket is a voluntary act, and the lottery tax is a hidden tax.
While lotteries and casinos are important sources of government revenue, they are not neutral tax policies. Tax revenue is needed to fund general public services. Using taxes as a means to finance one particular good is inefficient and ineffective. This argument is reinforced by the fact that lottery supporters focus on participation rates and ignore the fact that the odds are rigged against them. However, there is an obvious problem with this logic.
It is a game of chance
Lottery is a game of chance and the outcome depends on luck and skill. Lotteries have been used for centuries as a method of distribution. Moses and the Romans used lotteries to assign slaves and land to people. Today, lotteries are popular games of chance and are regulated by law. However, lottery players still take a risk of losing a significant amount of money.
A lottery is a type of gambling whereby players choose a number or symbol and hope that it will be drawn. If they are chosen, they win a prize. Specific rules apply to each lottery game. Lotteries have been in existence for centuries and general forms of gambling date back to the English colonies in the 1600s. If you are interested in learning more about this game of chance, read on! It may be right for you!
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magazine text block
This text was adapted from Future Scenarios: What To Expect From a Nuclear North Korea, an issue paper released by the Asia Society Policy Institute.
After decades of broken promises and failed diplomatic efforts, North Korea has built an arsenal of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles. Chairman Kim Jong Un has vowed that his nuclear “sword” will never be relinquished and that “denuclearization” comes only with global disarmament.
Would international acceptance of its nuclear status produce better behavior? Not likely. The Kim family business model is extortion; Jong Un, no less ruthless than his father and grandfather, has an unprecedented array of weapons at his disposal. Even if he freezes his entire program, Kim can generate new leverage by threatening to proliferate. North Korea’s history of selling nuclear know-how and its expanding uranium stockpile make that threat credible.
But there is a newer, better weapon of choice for North Korea: cyber.
This high-impact, low-cost, and low-risk digital-age way to steal cash, hack secrets, and terrorize wired nations, is increasingly appealing to the regime. An elite corps of highly trained cyber hackers has already stolen hundreds of millions of dollars, blunting the effect of sanctions. Kim has linked cyber with nuclear weapons as another “all-purpose sword” and experimented with cyber attacks against critical overseas infrastructure. The United States and other developed nations are particularly vulnerable to Kim’s next weapon of mass destruction.
The attractions of cyber theft and cyber terror to North Korea are considerable. Cyber attacks can be camouflaged to make attribution uncertain, particularly given the degree to which North Korean hackers are embedded in China or utilize Chinese servers. North Korea’s primitive infrastructure, its national intranet system’s disconnection from the World Wide Web, and a draconian regulation of communications technology all serve to shield it from scrutiny and largely insulate it from cyber retaliation. Developing offensive cyber capabilities does not depend on procurement of difficult-to-obtain specialized equipment, nor is it particularly expensive. And unlike missiles and nukes, cyber is a revenue generator, not a cost center. Cyber allows North Korea to conduct low-intensity but damaging strikes against developed countries with highly computer-dependent infrastructure, with a far lower risk of retaliation than nuclear or missile testing, let alone an armed attack.
North Korea’s elite cyber force, under the control of its military and the Reconnaissance General Bureau, Kim’s clandestine security apparatus, is composed of about 7,000 hackers, extensively trained in specialized domestic programs and, in some cases, trained also in Russia and China. The regime speaks of its disruptive cyber capability in the same terms as its nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles, adding it to the list of Pyongyang’s “all-purpose swords that guarantee our military’s capability to strike relentlessly,” according to a report by the South Korean intelligence service.
North Korean offensive cyber activities seem to align around three apparent goals: intelligence collection; harassment, disruption, and retaliation; and revenue generation through cyber theft.
The cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike has documented frequent North Korean intrusions into government and military systems to steal sensitive information. North Korea hacked the smartphones of South Korean politicians and high-level military officers to intercept messages and phone calls. North Korean hackers in 2016 stole more than 40,000 defense documents including 60 classified files from contractors in South Korea that contained information on F-16 fighters and drones. North Korea is also believed to have stolen a PowerPoint summary of the U.S. military’s top secret war plan “OPLAN 5027,” as reported by South Korean media.
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In retaliation for the unflattering comic portrayal of Kim in the movie The Interview, North Korean hackers inflicted significant damage to Sony Pictures in 2014. Other digital attacks include the serious disruption of hospitals in the United Kingdom along with ransom demands to some 300,000 users in 150 countries in the 2018 “WannaCry” episode. In 2013, during a major U.S.-South Korea military exercise and just days after the U.N. Security Council adopted new sanctions following North Korea’s third nuclear test, malware was used to disrupt South Korean banking and public broadcast networks. It took weeks for these systems to recover. Those attacks were followed by large-scale denial-of-service attacks against defector-led media, the South Korean presidential office and other government agencies, along with the deletion of large numbers of banking records. Officials estimate South Korea has incurred more than $650 million in damages from North Korean cyber attacks.
Already, North Korea is targeting financial institutions and cryptocurrency exchanges and manipulating interbank financial systems to raise large sums of money for the North Korean regime, according to the private cybersecurity firm FireEye. Estimates from South Korean monitoring groups range as high as $1 billion per year. A U.N. panel of experts recently reported to the Security Council that Pyongyang has used cyber theft to create a war chest of at least $2 billion including digital currency stolen from cryptocurrency exchanges in South Korea and elsewhere in Asia. In February 2016, North Korean hackers netted $81 million from the Bangladesh Central Bank by hacking the U.S.-based SWIFT system and, but for sloppy grammar, nearly succeeded in stealing as much as $1 billion. In 2017, the same North Korean hacking unit was implicated in the theft of $60 million from a bank in Taiwan and tens of million more from India and Chile as recently as November 2018. Other attacks have been documented in the United States, Southeast and South Asia, Eastern Europe, South America, and Africa.
The North Korean cyber threat is significant and evolving. North Korean computer scientist and defector Kim Heung Kwang told the BBC that the regime is using cyber attacks to begin demonstrating a cyber war capacity that can destroy civilian infrastructure and inflict large-scale fatalities. As Morgan Wright, a cybersecurity expert pointed out in an opinion piece for The Hill, “Cyber warfare levels the global playing field in a way nuclear weapons can’t for North Korea. The risk-return calculation for hacking versus nukes is exponentially different.” The U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Bureau of Investigation revealed malicious attacks against infrastructure in the United States and 17 other countries by “Hidden Cobra,” the U.S. government’s code name for North Korean cyber attacks.
The data security company Rapid7, which publishes the National Exposure Index, rates the United States as the most vulnerable to disruptive cyberattacks in every index. South Korea and Japan are not far behind. Former U.S. Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats warned of the vulnerability of American infrastructure, which he described as “under attack.” Vice President Michael Pence called for a “cyber security moonshot,” warning that adversaries are seeking to infiltrate and shut down American power stations and grids, citing a ransomware attack in 2018 that crippled public services in Atlanta, Georgia. Pre-digital-era infrastructure facilities are often retrofitted with makeshift internet linkages that can easily be compromised. Moreover, 80% of America’s critical infrastructure is privately owned, and the cost of upgrading existing power plants, air traffic control facilities, rail systems, cellphone networks, or dams is unattractive to business. As the internet of things pervades everyday life, particularly in the industrialized West, new interconnectivity provides new opportunities for malicious cyber attacks.
Defense and deterrence are key components of a strategy to undercut North Korea’s ability to extort. To be effective, they require resources, resolve, clarity, and credibility. If enhanced cyber defense can be combined with denial of access to servers outside North Korea, the threat from its cyber attacks and thefts is diminished.
What will matter most in stemming North Korea’s threats and altering its behavior will be restoring and enlarging cooperation between the United States and China. Meaningful pressure can only be brought to bear on North Korea with the active support of China. China cannot be expected to apply significant pressure on North Korea without significant trust in the United States, confidence in a shared approach, and mutual agreement on an overall strategy for the Korean peninsula, if not Northeast Asia as a whole. At the same time, solidarity and coordination between Washington and its allies in Seoul and Tokyo will also be necessary to forge and implement a coercive containment strategy.
Thus, the three interrelated components of an effective strategy of coercive containment will be diplomacy, defense, and deterrence. The fact that these are not new policy elements does not discredit the strategy; it simply underscores the importance of getting each right. Diplomacy is the tool for forging the shared strategic approach that presents North Korea with both seamless international unity and a path toward resolution.
Defense is a tool to blunt North Korea’s ability to use its weapons, including cyber, and therefore reduce Pyongyang’s leverage. And deterrence is a tool for preventing escalation and managing risk. As daunting as the requirements of coercive containment may seem at the present time, the alternatives, war and appeasement, leave us no better choice.
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He was a brilliant poet, essayist, and writer best known for his two books, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. During the Spanish colonization of the nation, these social critiques formed the basis of literature that inspired both peaceful reformists and military rebels. As a result, Rizal's ideas spread throughout Europe and the United States, where they were admired for their literary quality and political insight.
In addition to being considered a national hero upon his death at the age of 36, Jose Rizal is also regarded as one of the first human rights activists in the world. Through his writings, he called for an end to slavery, discrimination against women, and corruption among government officials. These ideas became more prominent after his death when his friends and supporters began to organize humanitarian missions to the Philippines. These efforts led to the creation of organizations like the Red Cross and the Salvation Army.
Even though Rizal is most famous for his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, he also wrote political essays and poems about topics such as freedom, love, and loyalty. His work has been cited as a major influence by many writers including Martin Luther King, Jr. and Virginia Woolf.
In addition to being considered a national hero, Jose Rizal is also regarded as one of the first human rights activists in the world.
Rizal's first novel, Noli me tangere (The Social Cancer), was released in 1887, and it was a passionate expose of the injustices of Spanish authority in the Philippines. El Filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed), his sequel, positioned him as the prominent voice of the Philippine reform movement. Noli me tangere has been called "the Filipino Declaration of Independence".
After publishing Noli me tangere, Rizal refused to write anything more for several years because he felt that fiction was not his place. But when his friends urged him to continue, he decided to write social criticism instead. The first part of El Filibusterismo was published in 1891, and the second part two years later. Both parts deal with the abuse of power by officials over the people.
In 1896, Rizal wrote Mabini: A Novel of Revolution, which tells the story of a young man who tries to lead a revolt against the Spaniards but fails. The book has been called "the Filipino Uncle Tom's Cabin" because it stirred up such strong feelings that some people even took up arms against the government to prevent its being read.
But the most famous work of Jose Rizal is undoubtedly Noi me tiara (1906; I condemn myself). It is a diary written by Rizal while he was imprisoned on the ship that was taking him back to the Philippines after his exile in France.
The assimilation of the characters of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo into the life of Rizal and Filipinos in general is one of Jose Rizal's strengths. This only demonstrates that the two works are reflections of Filipinos' life during the Spanish era. The fact that they have withstood the test of time is an indication that they are still relevant today.
Rizal's ability to analyze and describe human behavior using only the tools at his disposal (i.e., Latin language) makes him a unique writer. He was able to create two distinct characters who have resonated with readers all over the world. In addition, Rizal's writing is concise without being simplistic. He manages to tell a story while keeping it interesting.
Rizal's ability to portray the beauty of faith and religion while criticizing the abuses committed in its name is another strength of his book. Even though he was born into a Christian family, he was able to see beyond this surface appearance and discover the good inside people. This made him different from other members of his family who were often taken for granted by their parents.
Finally, Rizal's writings are inspiring. They continue to capture the hearts of many people more than 100 years after his death.
Many people are inspired by Rizal's works and speeches because he desired independence. Jose penned two books, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, to explain how Spain was enslaving the Philippines. Jose created the Philippine League in order to establish their first reform group and gain independence from Spain. He was executed by Spanish authorities on March 30, 1896.
In school, we study how Rizal's ideas were brought back to life after more than 100 years through the efforts of Filipino patriots who fought for independence. On April 12, 1898, the Philippines gained its freedom from Spain.
Filipinos have always admired Jose P. Rizal because of his wisdom and ideals. His teachings still guide the country toward progress and prosperity.
Among his finest works, however, two novels stood out: Noli Me Tangere (Do Not Touch Me) and El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed). These two works by Rizal, today regarded literary masterpieces, are thought to have launched the Philippine Revolution inadvertently. In Noli Me Tangere, Rizal criticized the abuses of power by the Spanish rulers and advocated for the rights of indigenous people during Spain's colonial rule of the Philippines.
As for El Filibusterismo, it was written as a protest against the use of bribery in public office. The book also contains elements of social commentary about the need for economic reforms in Spain itself. It is believed that these books, particularly the latter, influenced many Filipino revolutionaries at the time.
Rizal was born on March 20, 1861 in Malate, Manila into a wealthy family. He lost his father when he was only nine years old and then went to live with his uncle who owned a tobacco plantation in Laguna province. It was here that he learned to love plants and animals, which would later serve him well when he wrote essays for school competitions.
He returned to Manila and attended high school where he became interested in politics. An incident occurred during one of his classes that changed his life forever - the death of an acquaintance who had been shot by police while trying to escape from them.
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Eye strain is a common problem today. It can happen for a number of reasons. Some common causes are lack of sleep, staring at digital devices for long stretches of time, reading in low light for a long time without taking a break, allergies, incorrect vision prescription, exposure to bright light and some kind of eye problem.
Eye strain can cause a lot of discomfort. Some of the symptoms are:
- Redness or irritation,
- Difficulty focusing,
- Dry or watery eyes,
- Blurred or double vision,
- Increased sensitivity to light,
- Headaches and
- Pain in the neck shoulders or back.
Though there are many over-the-counter eye drops and medicines that can offer help, there are also many natural ways to alleviate eye strain.
Eye Massage –
To reduce eye strain, gently massage your eyelids daily. It will improve blood circulation to the eyes and also relax the muscles around your eyes. At the same time, it will stimulate the tear glands, which will help prevent dry eyes.
- Use your fingers to gently massage your eyelids and muscles above the eyebrows for about 10 to 20 seconds.
- Gently massage your lower eyelid against the lower bone for about 10 to 20 seconds.
- Massage the temple and upper cheek bones, also.
- Do this 1 or 2 times daily.
Palming is great to relax strained eyes, especially while reading or spending too much time in front of your desktop, laptop or television screen. The main goal of palming is to create a restful state for your eyes so they do not become tired.
- Sit up straight in a comfortable position.
- Warm your hands by rubbing them together rapidly.
- Close your eyes and place your warm palms over them, without applying pressure on the eyelids.
- Relax and enjoy the darkness for about 30 seconds.
- Slowly open your eyes and look around.
- Repeat the process 3 to 5 times at a sitting.
- Follow this technique frequently throughout the day
Sunning is another beneficial technique to relax strained and tired eyes. The vital life energies of Sun are good for your eyes. Sunning also will help your body produce vitamin D, which is important for your overall health. To avoid tanning, do your sunning between 8a.m. and 10a.m.
- Stand in a sunny place in the early morning.
- Close your eyes and allow the sunlight to fall on your eyelids.
- Feel the warmth on your eyes and slowly move your eyes up and down, right to left and clockwise and counter-clockwise.
- Repeat this process for a total of 5 minutes.
- Follow it with palming.
- Do this once daily.
Eye Exercises –
Regular eye exercises can alleviate eye strain. Exercise will improve blood circulation to the eyes, make the eye muscles more flexible, and improve focus and concentration.
- Hold a pen or pencil at an arm’s length and focus on it. Slowly bring the object closer to your eyes, as long as you can focus on it clearly. Then move the object farther from your vision. Repeat 10 to 15 times.
- Also, roll your eyes in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions for a few seconds. Take a break and blink your eyes. Repeat 4 or 5 times consecutively. Do this exercise every few hours.
Cold Water –-
Cold water can also be very effective in relieving mild eye strain. It can improve blood circulation, relax tired muscles around your eyes, and reduce eye swelling and puffiness.
- Splash some cold water on your face and closed eyes whenever your eyes feel strained or tired. It will have a quick relaxing impact on your eyes.
- For a more concentrated remedy, dip a soft washcloth in cold water and wring out the extra moisture. Place the cold washcloth on your closed eyelids for 1 minute. Repeat as needed.
• If you have puffiness along with strained eyes, use a cold compress. Wrap a few ice cubes in a clean cloth. Place it on your closed eyelids. The puffiness will decrease after 5 to 10 minutes of application.
Warm Compress –
A warm compress is another way to reduce eye strain. It will relax the muscles around your eyes, reduce strain and soothe dry eyes.
- Dip a soft cloth in warm water and wring out the excess moisture.
- Lie down comfortably, close your eyes and place the warm towel over your eyelids.
- Relax and breathe slowly for 1 minute.
- Change the washcloth and repeat the process 3 or 4 times.
- Follow this treatment 1 or 2 times daily.
Rose Water –
Rose water works as a natural relaxer for strained and tired eyes. It has a very soothing effect. Plus, it can rejuvenate the skin around the eyes as well as fade dark circles and eye puffiness.
- Splash your eyes with some cold water and pat dry with a clean towel.
- Dip 2 cotton balls in rose water.
- Lie down, close your eyes and place the wet cotton balls over your eyes.
- Do this twice daily.
Cucumber slices can also help get rid of eye strain quickly. Due to its astringent properties, potato helps soothe the tired muscles around your eyes. It can even help reduce under-eye puffiness and dark circles.
- Cool a medium-side cucumber in the refrigerator for 20 to 30 minutes.
- Cut it into thick slices and put them on your tired eyes.
- Follow this remedy 1 or 2 times daily.
Whole Milk –
Whole milk is also a popular way to reduce eye strain. The fat in whole milk is very soothing and relaxing for tired eyes. At the same time, milk can be effective in reducing eye irritation and puffiness.
- Dip a cotton ball in cold milk.
- Gently rub it around your eyes and over your closed eyelids for a few minutes.
- Try to relax and soon the cooling effect of the milk will do its trick.
- Do this once daily or as needed.
Additional Tips —
- For every 20 minutes that you spend near a screen, stare at an object 20 feet away from you for 20 seconds.
- Place your computer and laptop screen 20 to 26 inches away from your eyes and a little below eye level.
- Avoid using too much eye cosmetics during eye strain.
- Wear sunglasses when going out in the sun during the day.
- Use artificial tears to refresh your eyes when they feel dry.
- To help prevent dry eyes while working indoors, use a humidifier to add moisture to the air.
- Get enough sleep as sleep deprivation can contribute to more frequent eye strain.
- Blink often to keep the eyes moist and healthy.
- Follow a diet high in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids.
- Consider taking vitamin A and beta-carotene supplements for overall eye health.
- Drink plenty of water to help reduce eye strain.
- Get your eyes checked regularly by a specialist to make sure your eyes are healthy.
I’m Dr. Malini Bhat MD (Ayu); an Ayurvedic Doctor and a health blogger. Follow me on social media to get daily health tips which you can easily adapt to a healthy lifestyle.
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By Tatum Lyles Flick
Andrew Buller, professor of chemistry at UW-Madison, is working to develop methods to create new protein building blocks in living systems. This chemical research, recently recognized with a $2.2 million grant from NIH, could make these processes more affordable for and accessible to scientists with expertise in other backgrounds.
Buller will receive a 2019 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director’s New Innovator Award from the High-Risk, High-Reward program for his project, titled Engineering In Vivo Biomolecular Synthesis with Nonstandard Building Blocks.
“We want to bring new kinds of building blocks into biological systems, with the goal of interfacing with living systems,” Buller said, explaining that his group will repurpose how enzymes use vitamin B6, the cofactor that is preeminent in amino acid biosynthesis, to perform new types of reactions.
The biological building blocks of life include amino acids, vitamins and minerals, which are all accessible to living organisms through the foods they consume. Food goes through chemical processes to convert it to a set of proteins needed for life processes. There are 20 key amino acids that make up proteins, but Buller says scientists can create more.
“You could think of this as having a Lego kit with just 20 different pieces,” Buller said. “What could you build if you had more? We build these new Lego bricks and then teach biological systems how to make them too.”
This unique way of thinking and the possible long-term benefits of creating these systems won Buller the NIH award, which funds “highly innovative and unusually impactful biomedical or behavioral research, proposed by extraordinarily creative scientists.”
“We evolve enzymes to take relatively simple building blocks, that we can buy from a common chemical manufacturer, and evolve enzymes that can convert small building blocks into the side chain of an amino acid,” Buller said. “This lets us bring in new functional groups that weren’t present – new kinds of elements and new kinds of reactivity.”
Over the past two decades, scientists have been adding amino acids, produced by organic chemists in the lab, to proteins. Buller’s project will set up a system any molecular biologist can use, with enzymes and an off-the-shelf chemical, to create the amino acid they need in a cell.
“People have wanted to do this for a long time, but there are a lot of barriers,” he said. “We are addressing one of the biggest, which is that it’s really expensive and it takes a lot of training in two different areas. If we can make it cheaper and so that you need one skillset instead of two, then everybody else is going to be able to use this technology.”
Substantial awards, like this one, allow researchers time to work, discover, and create, because they remove some of the pressure to spend time searching for funding.
“Now we get to focus on the science,” Buller said, adding that this research could spawn methods of cheaper drug development. “and I think this is an important challenge for scientists to work on. We want to lower the barriers, both in terms of cost and difficulty, to make it easier to make new kinds of molecules. My hope is that they would have that kind of impact – that biochemists would have that expanded repertoire of new building blocks in their probing a structure-function relationship of molecules, or in the process of optimizing an antibody to bind to an antigen.”
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Cookies are used to manage state, handle logins or to track you for advertising purposes and should be kept safe. The process involved in setting a cookie is:-
The server asks your browser to set a cookie.
It gives a name, value and other parameters.
Browser stores the data in disk or memory. This feature depends on the cookie type.
If the cookies are not set as secure, the browser will then send the cookie as a plain text through the communication channel. The attacker can intercept this communication to access sensitive information. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must position himself at the correct position to eavesdrop the communication. This attack is possible when the user uses an insecure connection like public WiFi or office with a compromised system.
Using this vulnerability, an attacker can:-
redirect the user to a malicious site to steal information/data.
show user false data which will, in turn, affect the credibility of the website.
Beagle recommends the following fixes:-
Java supports secure flag in Cookie interface. Methods setSecure and isSecure can be used to set and check for a secure value in cookies.
Add the following code in web.xml
Add a custom header:
Insert the following in web.config:
Add the following line in php.ini:
If the script is via a function.:
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en
| 0.852774 | 273 | 3.515625 | 4 |
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