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What is a Intermediate Rigger?
An intermediate rigger is someone who works on projects involving rigging operations such as lifting or suspending loads, using ropes or cables attached to pulleys or winches. Riggers may also use slings made from webbing straps with metal fittings for heavier loads.
This type of worker typically operates under the direction of a supervisor but can often take initiative when needed without direct guidance from management due to their experience level within the field. Additionally, they have knowledge about proper rigging techniques which helps them complete tasks quickly yet safely .
Rigging is an important part of any construction project. It involves installing, moving, or supporting large objects such as beams, girders, cranes, hoists and other heavy equipment.
A rigger plays a key role in ensuring that these items are safely installed and operated during the course of a job. An intermediate rigger has additional responsibilities beyond those required by entry-level positions.
They must be able to work independently with minimal supervision while still adhering to safety regulations. In this article we will discuss what an intermediate rigger does, what skills they need to possess in order to succeed at their job, and why it is so important within Australia’s building industry.
Job Description And Responsibilities
The primary responsibility of an intermediate rigger is setting up structures for crane operation which includes assembling steel frames, attaching wires, and positioning counterweights correctly before loading begins.
During lifts, the rigger monitors all aspects related to safe execution including checking load weights against capacity limits and monitoring wind speed.
After completion, riggers inspect equipment used during lifts and then disassembles all components properly prior storage until next time its needed again . Furthermore, intermediate workers may provide assistance with welding activities if necessary depending on scope requirements per project site conditions.
Lastly, intermediate riggers act as mentors providing guidance regarding correct procedures when dealing with complex scenarios encountered by less experienced personnel working alongside them on jobsites throughout Australia’s building industry landscape.
Skills Needed For The Job
In order for someone interested in becoming an intermediate rigger, there are certain qualifications that must be met first:
- Possessing valid certification issued by Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) Level III being one example.
- Having several years experience working within similar roles another requirement, plus demonstrating proficiency operating various types machinery associated with this profession like forklifts & overhead cranes for example.
Having skilled professionals capable performing duties described above are extremely beneficial to both employers and employees. They create safer work environments through established standards practices, but also help save money in of terms cost efficiency.
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Teaching Students About the Plural of Donkey
Teaching students the plural of donkey may seem like a minor lesson, but it is an important part of mastering the English language. The plural form of donkey is particularly challenging because it is not formed in the same way as other nouns. However, understanding this rule is crucial for writing and speaking correctly.
So, what is the plural of donkey? The answer is donkeys. Unlike most nouns that form their plurals by adding an “-s,” donkey does not follow this rule. Instead, it takes the standard plural form by adding the letter “s” to the end of the word. It’s important to point this out to students and explain that many nouns in English do not follow a set rule for plural formation.
When teaching students about the plural of donkey, you can use a hands-on approach to make the lesson engaging and memorable. For example, you could bring in several small donkey figurines or cutouts and have students identify them as singular or plural. You could also use a worksheet with fill-in-the-blank sentences or a plural matching game to help reinforce the concept.
Another effective technique is to use visuals to help students remember the plural of donkey. For instance, you can draw a picture of a donkey with a speech bubble that says, “We are donkeys.” This reinforces the concept of the plural while also making the lesson fun and memorable.
It’s also helpful to give students plenty of opportunities to use the plural of donkey in context. You could assign a writing assignment where students must use the word “donkey” in both its singular and plural forms. Alternatively, you could have students act out a skit where they use donkey in various contexts.
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Whistleblowers are the most powerful tool we have in the global fight against corruption. Multiple U.S. government agencies have recognized the effectiveness of working with whistleblowers and have widely publicized whistleblower programs that provide a confidential and anonymous system of reporting, clearly defined rules and procedures, and monetary rewards for whistleblowers whose information leads to a successful enforcement action.
These programs have been incredibly successful causing rates of prosecutions to skyrocket. But those who try to speak out against the illegal wildlife trade often risk their lives with no safe, confidential, or effective way to report criminal activity to authorities.
Like the global trafficking of humans, drugs, and arms, wildlife trafficking is a major security threat and a corruption fueled multi-billion-dollar industry run by global criminal networks.
Major U.S. wildlife laws require specific U.S. government agencies to work with whistleblowers who report wildlife trafficking and other wildlife crimes. However, these agencies have failed to implement a whistleblower program for over thirty years.
We must protect the everyday heroes who want to do the right thing and expose the underground networks running the global illegal wildlife trade.
Demand that the Secretaries of Interior, Commerce, Treasury, and Agriculture, including U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), who Congress entrusted to implement these laws, establish a whistleblower program for global wildlife crime.
To the U.S. Secretaries,
The wildlife extinction crisis we face is pushing entire species to the brink of existence. Extinction is forever. Your office has a powerful and proven tool it can employ in the fight against wildlife trafficking: wildlife whistleblowers.
U.S. wildlife protection laws - such as the Lacey Act, Endangered Species Act, and Fish and Wildlife Improvement Act, among others - include provisions to protect and incentivize people to report wildlife crime. These powerful, underutilized provisions have been on the books for over 30 years.
I request that Secretaries of Interior, Commerce, Treasury, and Agriculture, including U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service under the Department of Interior and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under the Department of Commerce, who Congress entrusted to implement these laws, establish a program to work with global wildlife whistleblowers following the best practices of other successful U.S. whistleblower programs including:
- Informing the public about wildlife whistleblower rights;
- Creating a wildlife whistleblower office to facilitate reports from whistleblowers, while safeguarding confidentiality;
- Recognizing the full range of whistleblowers — including organizations like NGOs — under the laws.
Agency heads responsible for implementing existing whistlebower programs that combat fraud and securities and tax violations have reported effective whistleblower programs are a "tremendously effective force-multiplier, generating high quality tips, and in some cases virtual blueprints laying out an entire enterprise."
To combat the extinction crisis we must empower those on the ground--everyday heroes with vital information who can be the eyes and ears of enforcement.
[your comment here]
Every minute, we are losing vulnerable animals to the poaching crisis, and irreparable damage is being inflicted on ecosystems by illegal fishing and deforestation. We must protect wildlife whistleblowers and incentivize them to report wildlife crime.
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Views: 4 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2023-11-02 Origin: Site
Do you know Ordinary Zinc Coating Iron Wire? Please see the below answer:
Ordinary zinc-coated iron wire, also known as galvanized iron wire, is a common type of wire that has been coated with a layer of zinc for the purpose of preventing corrosion and rust. The core material of ordinary zinc-coated iron wire is typically low-carbon steel wire. The galvanization process involves immersing the iron wire in a bath of molten zinc or applying a zinc coating through other methods like electroplating. This zinc coating adheres to the surface of the iron wire, providing a protective layer.
The zinc coating acts as a barrier, protecting the underlying iron wire from environmental factors that cause corrosion, such as moisture and oxygen. This makes the wire highly resistant to rust and extends its lifespan. Ordinary zinc-coated iron wire is commonly used in construction for various purposes, including binding and tying rebar (reinforcing steel bars) in concrete structures. It is used in agriculture for making fences, trellises, and other structures where corrosion resistance is essential.
Any more information or doubt, please contact us for consulting our experts, which is our great pleasure to help you!
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SEAG additional Practice
- This book provides additional practice papers in English and maths free response format.
3 additional Practice Papers with each test consisting of 58 questions. Answers included.
These tests are clearly set out and provide test preparation in a range of English and maths free-response questions.
These tests are individual printed tests and will improve your child’s ability in both English & maths.
They provide preparation that will serve to bolster your child's confidence and enjoyment of learning.
Structured practice that will improve exam and revision techniques.
Success will motivate your child to work hard and improve their knowledge base
Additional Transfer Test Practice Tests
by Learning Together
These are comprehensive practice tests, in individual test format, making use of a wide variety of challenging mathematics and English questions. These tests will give your child a good introduction to the contents of the actual new SEAG Single Transfer Tests.
Contains English questions related to poems, a diary extract and reading instructions. These types of texts are often used in the test. This revision and practice paper make demands on your child's English language and grammar including knowledge of plurals, adjectives, similes, spelling, speech marks and verbs. It also requires your child to have a good vocabulary which they will have gained by having read a wide assortment of texts.
The maths questions in this practice paper 1 include questions on shape & space and this includes questions related to area and length, volume, weight, money and number facts. There are other questions related to time, percentages, fractions and data handling. These questions will require your child to apply their mathematical knowledge to problem solving and to work quickly and accurately. These are all maths topics that will have been covered in their primary school.
Has a variety of different questions and uses English questions based on the following types of written text - fiction, poems and advertising. These are the sort of texts that your child, when in, year 6 and year 7 (primary 6 & 7) may have been working on in school but this practice will help to sharpen their skills for success in the actual tests.
The questions test your child's understanding and knowledge of many aspects of English including how language is broken down into phrases and individual words, the use of verbs, why and how different texts are written for different audiences, differentiating fact from fiction, spelling and being able to understand what the author is suggesting but not actually saying.
There are maths questions on algebra, probability, problems involving money, the 24-hour clock, decimal fractions, reading scales, temperature, price reduction, completing a Venn diagram, angles, properties of shapes and working with scale drawings. All topics that will improve the maths ability and confidence of your child.
Makes use of factual (also known as non-fiction) passages and poems. With reading texts, your child must realise that in some contexts something that is not a fact may be written and portrayed in such a way that the reader may believe it to be true. To accurately complete this practice paper your child needs to understand similes, pronouns, verbs, how one word can have the same meaning as 2 or 3 or even more words. Their teaching and learning in school should have covered apostrophes, contractions, nouns, adjectives and other aspects of English and so prepared them for the English content of the SEAG Test.
Maths questions requires knowledge of shapes and their area. How to calculate problems with money and calculation of the unknown quantity "X". Rotation, degrees, place value, average and rounding of numbers, reading data, calculations with complex equations, mathematical nets, cost reduction involving percentages and ratios are all included in this third test.
Parents will find that these papers provide a suitable means to offer additional preparation to supplement the work already being carried out in school.
The Transfer Test is strongly based on the Key Stage Two Programmes of Study (the primary school curriculum) and the level and quality of work required is quite high. A good grasp and knowledge of all aspects of English and mathematics are essential to aid your child in preparing for this important grammar school selection exam and working through our books in English and mathematics will improve your child's ability in both subjects.
As with all exam preparation and revision, we encourage the involvement of parents to explain the answers to their child. Parental support is crucial to a child's success in their schoolwork and the Transfer Test.
World wide postage and packing is just £3.95 per order. Orders are sent by first class Royal Mail and usually take from 1 - 3 days for delivery.
Return & Exchange Policy
We accept returns up to 7 days after dispatch if the goods are still in marketable condition. If you would like to return goods, contact [email protected]
Postage on returned goods will be borne by the customer, unless we were at fault. Downloaded products are not eligible for refund or return.
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Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve was declared in 1987 with objectives of trophy hunting and protection and management of representative high altitude ecosystems in western Nepal. The hunting license is issued by the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC). It is extended in Myagdi, Baglung and eastern Rukum Districts in the Dhaulagiri Himalayan range in west Nepal and covers an area of 1325 km2. Putha, Churen, and Gurja Himal extend over the northern boundary of the reserve. It is the only hunting reserve in the country to meet the needs of Nepalese and foreign hunters of blue sheep, Himalayan tahr and other game animals. The higher elevations remain snow-capped throughout the year. Altitudes vary from 2000m to 7246m above mean sea level. The flat meadows above tree line (4000m), locally known as Patans, are important grazing areas for animals like blue sheep and other herbivorous animals. The reserve is divided into seven blocks for hunting management purposes.
The reserve is surrounded by villages on all sides except the north. Local people depend on the reserve to meet their requirements of timber, firewood, fodder, and pasture. Every year livestock grazing activities begin from February to October. More than 80,000 livestock enter the reserve for grazing but the trend of husbandry is being decreased. The majority of the people belong to Bishwokarma, including Magar, Chhantyal, Thakali and Gurung. An amalgamation of different ethnic groups has resulted in a mixed pattern of cultures.
Table of Contents
Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Flora and Fauna
The hunting reserve is characterized by alpine, sub-alpine and high temperate vegetation. Common plant species include oak, pine, juniper, birch, rhododendron, hemlock, and spruce. Pasturelands occupy more than 50% of the total area of the reserve at a higher elevation. The reserve is one of the prime habitats for blue sheep, a highly coveted trophy. Secondly preferred game animal is Himalayan tahr. A status survey conducted by the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation revealed that the reserve has 2202 blue sheep and 388 Himalayan tahrs. Other major wild animals are musk deer, snow leopard, red panda, common leopard, goral, serow, wolf, Himalayan black bear, barking deer, wild boar, rhesus monkey, langur, and mouse hare. The reserve is home to 137 species of birds. Pheasants and partridges are common in the reserve.
Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Fact sheet
|Declared year||1987 AD|
|Hunting reserve area||1325 km2|
|Location||Province No. 4&5 (Baglung, Myagdi and Eastern Rukum Districts)|
|Bio-climatic Zone||Temperate to Alpine|
|Elevation||2000 m (Taksera) -7246m (Churen Himal) above mean sea level|
|Major Lakes||Sundaha, Pupaltal, Rudhratal|
|Main Mammals||Ailurus fulgens, Moschus chrysogaster, Panthera uncia, Canis lupus, Felis lynx, Pseudois nayaur, Hemitragus jemlahicus, Ursus thibetanus etc.|
|Main birds||Lophophorus impejanus, Tragopan satyra, Catreus wallichii etc.|
|Major tree species||Oak, Pine, Juniper, Birch, Rhododendron, Hemlock, Spruce etc.|
|Rural Municipalities||3 (Putha-uttarganga, Dhaulagiri, and Tamankhola)|
|Major ethnic groups||Bishowkarma, Magar, Chhantyal, Thakali, Gurung, and Tibetian|
|Economy||Agriculture, animal husbandry, labor and trade|
Major Attractions of Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
- Beautiful Dhorpatan valley
- High altitudes lakes
- Dhorbaraha, a Hindu religious place from where Uttarganga river is originated.
- The magnificent view of Gurja churen and putha Himal from Barse
- Only one Hunting Reserve of Nepal.
- A large herd of Blue sheep and Himalayan tahr
- Bishwokarma, Magar, Chhantyal, Thakali and Gurung culture
Best Seasons to Visit Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
The monsoon lasts until the beginning of October. Day time temperature is very low during winter due to strong winds. Higher elevation remains covered with a cloud in the morning. Later, during the day and in evenings clouds are cleared by the wind. Snow may occur even at low elevation until early April, however, it soon melts. The best time to visit the reserve is March-April and September-October.
Accommodation and other Facilities
Visitors are requested to be self-sufficient with fuel (Kerosene/gas) before entering the reserve. Some hotels/lodges catering with simple Nepali foods are located at Chhyantung and Pakhathar village at Dhorpatan. The government of Nepal is planning to declare a buffer zone in close consultation with local communities and enhance their livelihood.
How to get into Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve
Public bus service is available from Kathmandu to Burtibang via Baglung bazar, Jeep is available from Burtibang to Dhorpatan. The next route is Tansen-Tamgash Gulmi-Burtibang also. Similarly, visitors can reach by foot from Beni, Myagdi to Dhorpatan within 3 days of a normal walk.
Air service links Dhorpatan from Kathmandu and Pokhara. Chartered service of the helicopter may be available on request from Kathmandu, normally used by the international hunters.
- First aid kit is recommended to carry by the visitors for their own safety.
- Visitors should be alert from the wildlife inside the core area.
- Carry out what you carry in.
- Buy only what won’t pollute, or carry it out.
- Use safe drinking water (purify water yourself)
Reserve regulations to follow
- An entry fee of NRs. 3000.00 (foreigners) and an additional 13% VAT should be paid either the National Parks’ ticket counter at Nepal Tourism Board, Bhrikuti, Mandap, Kathmandu or reserve headquarter, Dhorpatan before processing the journey.
- Camping inside the reserve should be done only in designated areas.
- Do not purchase an illegal animal or plant products.
- Travel within the reserve between sunset to sunrise is prohibited.
- Do respect cultural and religious sites.
- Flora and Fauna are fully protected and must not be disturbed.
- Rubbish must be packed out, buried or disposed of in designated areas.
- Carry out non-biodegradable items such as plastic bags & bottles.
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The NAACP, or National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, has begun its annual convention in the southern U.S. city of Miami Beach. The nation's oldest civil rights organization returns to the Miami area after a 23-year absence marked by controversy and boycotts.
More than 10,000 delegates to the NAACP convention have begun their 94th convention by returning to a city they long spurned and criticized as being hostile to African-Americans.
The last time NAACP delegates met in Miami in 1980, their convention took place after riots had left several African-American neighborhoods in ruins. The riots were sparked by the shooting death of a black motorcyclist by a Miami policeman who belonged to the city's Cuban American community.
Ten years later in 1990, moves to bring the NAACP back to Miami were put on hold after several leading Cuban-American politicians criticized South African leader Nelson Mandela for comments he had made in support of Cuban President Fidel Castro.
During a visit to Miami, Mr. Mandela was spurned by city leaders, sparking outrage in Miami's African American community. Black leaders responded by organizing a three-year black tourism boycott that reportedly cost the region's tourism industry more than $20 million in lost revenue.
Local officials in Miami Beach, the resort community which generates the most tourism revenues for Miami Dade County, responded with a plan to draw African-Americans back to the region by sponsoring African-American cultural and musical festivals and economic incentives targeted at the Black community - including a multi-million dollar Black-owned resort hotel. African-American community leaders say as a result the climate for race relations has significantly improved in the Miami area.
James Farrington of the local Miami chapter of the NAACP said Miami's African American community is not dwelling on the past. "That is all in the past. We are in the business about getting ahead and going forward and moving on. We cannot look back to yesterday. Because if you look back to yesterday there are a whole lot of things you can be negative about," Mr. Farrington said.
NAACP delegates are focusing on economic develop and educational opportunities for African Americans. They will also meet with several Caribbean leaders expected to attend the convention to discuss U.S. aid, immigration and business opportunities for American blacks in the Caribbean.
Several Democratic presidential candidates will also meet with NAACP delegates at a candidate forum on Monday. However, NAACP leaders have criticized other candidates for not committing to attend the convention, saying Democrats should not take the Black vote for granted in next years election.
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Tewkesbury originally Theocsbury is a town within the borough of Tewkesbury, shire county of Gloucestershire, South West Region, England, United Kingdom. It lies at the concourse of the rivers Avon and Severn.
The area's history goes back the Saxon times. The town is named after the Saxon hermit named Theocalious. Tewkesbury today is popular for its collection of astounding ancient architectures, festivals (e.g. Winter Beer Festival, Mop Fair and Medieval Festival) and the Battle of Tewkesbury. The prime roads A38, A46, A438 and M5 serve the town. Cheltenham, Evesham, Gloucester, Hereford, Stratford-upon-Avon and Worcester are the nearest places from the area.
Visit Tewkesbury atrractions in your car rental
Battle Trail can be found within Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom. It is a charming 1.5-mile trail that surrounds the battlefield of the historical Battle of Tewkesbury. Visitors are advised to take a leaflet that features a map and many other details about the battle available at the town's Tourist Office before exploring the site. It is on the battlefield of the said war that thousands of soldiers and a number of nobles fought for the throne of England.
Bloody Meadow lies within Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom. It is the site where the Lancastrians retreated during the historical Battle of Tewkesbury that marked the end of the rule of Henry VI. The meadow today is still a beautiful site that it was hundreds of years ago ideal for leisure walking, relaxing and or picnicking.
John Moore Country Museum honors the history, inspiration and works of the famous writer and environmentalist, John Moore. Visitors can get to see historical items related to the writer including the countryside with abundant flora and fauna that John Moore loves as well as a collection of scrap-metal animal sculptures made by Alan R. Jack.
Little Museum lies along Church Street, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom. The venue features large number of displays that tell about the history and development of the town. Amongst its huge collection are beautiful antiques and photographs.
Tewkesbury Museum showcases large number of archaeological findings that were found within the area, costumes and many other historical items. The museum is housed within a 17th century building that is located at 64 Barton Street, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom.
Tewkesbury Abbey is believed to be situated on the site of a Saxon Abbey founded around the year AD 715. Here you can admire the magnificent exterior and interior of the Abbey including the beautiful stained glass windows, perhaps take a tour of the 200 stepped tower, attend a concert or relax in the Touching Souls Tea Room.
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One example of unethical activity is bribery.
Choose 1 of the following questions and answer it completely and thoroughly for your thread:
One example of unethical activity is bribery. Explain what it is, how common the practice is, and where it is found.
Take a position either for or against globalization. Provide examples of how globalization has either helped or harmed individual nations and the world economy.
Contrast corporate social responsibility and corporate citizenship.
How does a firm become a better corporate citizen?
Discuss the advantages and drawbacks of an organization influencing political action in regards to government regulation or the outcome of an election.
Paper Format: APA
Answer preview to One example of unethical activity is bribery.
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Journaling Through Mindful Writing
Some people think of journaling as being the same thing as keeping a diary. But they’re not the same. Journaling is something that helps you let go of stress, to release the future and to remain in the present.
When you journal, it can help you to connect with your inner self. Mindful writing is a key that can allow those to practice it to delve into their emotions and the thoughts that they have.
When you pay attention to what you’re thinking and feeling as you write, this helps you reach a deeper level of understanding who you are and what it is that you truly want out of your days.
When you journal with mindfulness, it allows you to cut through the mental noise and get to the root of whatever you might be facing.
For example, if you have a situation that’s troubling you, using mindful writing can help you to be able to see it clearly.
You’ll be able to find answers that may have eluded you – not only with the situation but with how you feel through the situation. Mindful writing can help you set free emotions that you have such as anger, disappointment, anxiety, and sadness.
When you use mindfulness, you allow yourself to feel the emotions that you’re feeling in the moment, and by doing this, your brain can process these emotions. This enables you to let go of something you may have been holding onto.
It can help you to realize things you may have been unaware of. When you journal with mindfulness, you’ll be to gain a perspective that can clear your mind. Sometimes, we’re so busy that we can’t see what’s really going on with ourselves and what mindfulness allows to happen is a consciousness with the emotions and thoughts we have.
Mindfulness gets you to really grasp what’s going on in your life rather than passively observing it and not really taking it in.
You can practice mindful journal by using a journal that’s just for mindful writing.
Put the journal beside your bed at night when you go to bed and take it with you as go about your day. As you go about your day, tune in to the events in your life. Write down the things that make you feel good about yourself or others.
List what makes you happy and gives you a feeling of purpose. It only takes a few seconds to write down what you’re thinking or feeling. You can also observe your other senses, too – such as what you’re seeing or hearing during your day and how that impacts you.
You can write as much as you want about the experience or as little. Many people have learned that mindful writing led them on a path of self-discovery that let them find their passion in life.
Others have been able to learn to develop a more profound sense of satisfaction with where they are in life now. When you practice mindful writing, acknowledge how you feel with whatever it is that you’re doing such as working or waiting on someone.
Tips for Mindful Writing and Reflective Journaling
Stay rooted in the present.
It’s not difficult to get distracted by irrelevant things. Either it’s your phone, an email, the internet, or maybe your dog. If you start to get distracted, use mindfulness skills to accept your passing thoughts and label them as “thinking.”
After this happens, return to the present moment and refocus on your writing. It is natural for your mind to wander every now and then while you are working—it is just important to learn how to acknowledge it and move on.
Find the heart of your writing.
When you find yourself in the middle of a writer’s block, writing anything is almost impossible. Writer’s block is often caused by a chaotic mind. If you have too much going on in your head, your mind needs a restart.
Take a break, walk in nature and come back to writing from a subjective point of view instead of an objective one.
Don’t be a perfectionist.
Nobody’s perfect, that’s maybe the reason why everyone’s pursuing perfection. Everyone wants to be perfect, to stand out in some way and be better than others.
This pursuit of perfection acts as a barrier to really great work because you are trying to achieve something that is impossible.
Having something done is better than having it perfect. Also, perfection is in an individual’s perspective. What one person may consider being “perfect” another may consider it to be normal or even quite defective. “Perfect” is such a subjective term, especially when it comes to writing content.
Before starting a writing project, think about your expectations or your goals.
Meditate before you start to write. Breathe. Allow your mind to focus and your body to relax.
If you are well into your writing and all of a sudden feel stuck, take some more time to breathe. You should do this every so often throughout your writing sessions to refresh your brain and take a short mental break.
Create a routine and schedule time for writing.
Getting into a routine helps because, once you force yourself to actually write something, your internal critic relaxes and lets you get down to business.
The ability to create and follow a routine requires self-discipline and willpower and will provide you with enthusiasm each day to write during your scheduled time. You will learn that your established habit of writing will produce your desired outcome of great work.
Habits are not assimilated just because we think they are good and valuable and we want to have them. Routines and habits require time, tenacity, and purposefulness to become consistent.
Visualize yourself writing.
Remember the last time you had a good writing day. Take some time to literally think about the process you went through to write that day. Where were you, and what was allowing you to stay focused on your writing?
Visualize yourself getting started writing today, and how far you might be able to get. Think about actually holding your pen or typing on your laptop, and how that feels to you. Visualizing this will help motivate and inspire you to get started.
Stop and carefully think about what is going on around you. Use all of your senses to experience the smells, sounds, and feelings of the present moment. Observe what is going on without judgment, and make an effort to prevent your storytelling mind from taking over.
Try to see your current situation as if you were an outsider looking upon the scene. Think about how someone else would describe it, and the small details that may be noticed. Try to look at things from a new perspective.
Start journaling consistently.
In conclusion, the more you are able to engage in mindfulness practices, the more you will be able to see your work as being realistic because you will be focusing on all of its aspects. You’ll be able to see it for its total value.
Your writing is likely to become more dimensional and intricate as you practice mindfulness. Because you will be focusing on all of your senses, you will be able to describe things in-depth to your reader and connect with them on a new level that is less superficial than you were able to before practicing mindfulness.
What happens with mindful journaling is that you’ll begin to recognize any thought patterns that may be helpful to your life or ones that cause you to get bogged down in negativity.
You’ll be able to experience life with deep feelings and senses that are in tune with each day. As you go through your day, write down what you were doing. After each entry, write down how that made you feel – such as whether you felt valued or unhappy.
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Learn Arabic Palestinian Dialect
Embark on a Linguistic Odyssey: Learn Arabic and Open a World of Abundant Culture and Interaction – Learn Arabic Palestinian Dialect
In a world where borders are increasingly blurred, the capability to connect across cultures is a superpower. Imagine delving into a language that carries the weight of centuries, a language that not only opens doors however likewise windows into the rich tapestry of a lively civilization. This linguistic journey starts with the charming calligraphy of Arabic, a language that goes beyond simple communication, becoming a website to understanding the heart of an ancient and varied culture.
Learn Arabic Palestinian Dialect: The Allure of Arabic Calligraphy
Embarking on the journey of discovering Arabic belongs to stepping into an enchanting world where each letter is a masterpiece, an expression of culture, history, and spirituality. At the heart of this linguistic marvel lies the captivating attraction of Arabic calligraphy. Unlike other composing systems, Arabic calligraphy is not simply a method of transcribing words; it is a visual symphony, a fragile dance of ink on paper that transcends the mundane. Every stroke, every curve, is a purposeful and thoughtful expression, blending form and meaning in a smooth fusion.
Arabic calligraphy, with its varied styles like Naskh, Diwani, and Thuluth, functions as a living testament to the historical evolution of the Arabic script. Each design carries its own character, showing the aesthetics of different areas and periods. Naskh, with its geometric accuracy, stimulates a sense of balance and order, while Diwani, with its streaming curves, adds an element of grace and fluidity. Thuluth, known for its elongated and deliberate strokes, embodies a sense of splendour and solemnity. The research study of Arabic calligraphy ends up being not just a linguistic pursuit but an exploration of an ancient visual language, where the artistry of the composed word becomes an entrance to comprehending the soul of a civilization.
Furthermore, Arabic calligraphy extends beyond the realms of pen and paper, manifesting in architecture, textiles, and even everyday things. From the intricate inscriptions adorning mosques to the delicate decorations on standard ceramics, the impact of calligraphy is universal in the Arab world.
Learning Arabic ends up being a tactile experience, where the nuances of penmanship and the cultural significance of script assemble, using students a special opportunity to grasp the essence of expression in both type and material. As one browses the mesmerizing complexities of Arabic calligraphy, the language stops to be a mere methods of communication; it transforms into a living, breathing art form, inviting students to take part in the appeal of a centuries-old tradition.
A Gateway to Cultural Riches
Delving into the world of Arabic language acquisition surpasses the surface area of linguistic complexities – it opens the door to an unparalleled cultural odyssey. Arabic is not a monolithic entity; rather, it encapsulates the mosaic of varied neighborhoods spanning the Middle East and North Africa. Each dialect carries with it a special taste, a testament to the abundant tapestry of history, geography, and shared experiences.
As learners navigate the linguistic landscape, they uncover the threads that weave together the narratives of ancient civilizations and modern-day societies. The study of Arabic deals an intimate understanding of Arab traditions, customs, and social subtleties. It reveals the intricate web of connections in between language and culture, revealing how idioms, proverbs, and even linguistic signs up reflect the cumulative frame of mind of an individuals.
Moreover, Arabic works as a linguistic bridge throughout time, connecting modern speakers with the classical works of literature that have stood up to centuries. The ability to read the poetic verses of Al-Mutanabbi, check out the philosophical musings of Ibn Rushd, or lose oneself in the tales of One Thousand and One Nights becomes not simply a scholastic pursuit but a visceral connection to the intellectual tradition of the Arab world.
Beyond literature, Arabic provides insight into the lively traditions of oral storytelling, folk music, and dance. Each region boasts its own unique cultural symptoms, from the vibrant Dabke dance in Levantine cultures to the soul-stirring tunes of Andalusian music in North Africa. Through language acquisition, learners end up being cultural anthropologists, translating the layers of implying ingrained in every word, expression, and cultural practice.
In essence, the journey of learning Arabic transcends linguistic proficiency; it becomes a passport to a living museum of human experience. The language works as a bridge to the past and a window to the present, inviting enthusiasts to immerse themselves in a cultural tapestry that is as varied as it is profound. As students comprehend the intricacies of Arabic, they unlock not just words however the very essence of a civilization that continues to shape the narrative of our global neighborhood.
Navigating the Linguistic Maze
As students embark on the captivating journey of mastering Arabic, they encounter a linguistic labyrinth that is both intellectually promoting and creatively complex. The foundation of the Arabic language depends on its special root-based system, an intricate network that links words through shared consonantal roots. This linguistic architecture includes a layer of depth and sophistication, turning the procedure of constructing sentences into a puzzle that beckons the curious mind.
The Arabic script, with its particular cursive style, provides students with a visual feast. The shapes of letters change discreetly based upon their position in a word, creating an aesthetically pleasing and rhythmically streaming script. The interaction of dots and diacritical marks adds further nuance, altering the meaning and pronunciation of words. Unwinding the secrets of Arabic script becomes a journey into the art of accuracy, where each letter is a brushstroke contributing to the bigger canvas of communication.
Grammar in Arabic, while challenging, is a key element that shapes the language’s eloquence and expressiveness. The complex dance of verb conjugations, noun cases, and the usage of the double form, exposes a linguistic finesse that enables nuances of suggesting impossible to catch in numerous other languages. Proficiency of these linguistic complexities empowers learners to convey concepts with an accuracy and richness that goes beyond mere translation.
Arabic’s linguistic labyrinth extends beyond its official structures, encompassing a diverse vocabulary that shows the language’s historic advancement. The influence of Arabic on fields such as mathematics, astronomy, and medicine is evident in the huge selection of technical terms derived from Arabic roots. Learning Arabic, for that reason, ends up being a holistic exploration, linking not only with the language’s everyday use however also with its profound effect on the worlds of understanding and intellectual history.
In essence, browsing the linguistic maze of Arabic is an intellectual adventure. It challenges students to welcome the intricacy, appreciate the artistry of expression, and engage with a language that has been a conduit for knowledge, wisdom, and poetic beauty throughout the ages. As learners analyze the linguistic codes, they open not just a mode of communication but a website to a world where language is a living, breathing entity, constantly evolving and echoing the extensive tradition of its speakers.
Communication Beyond Borders
The proficiency of Arabic extends far beyond the boundaries of its geographical origins, placing itself as a global bridge that fosters international interaction and understanding. As one obtains proficiency in Arabic, the doors available to a large and interconnected network of Arabic speakers distributed around the world. Arabic, as one of the six official languages of the United Nations, holds a special status in diplomatic circles, supplying students with the tools to engage in global discourse. Learn Arabic Palestinian Dialect.
The significance of Arabic in the modern world becomes apparent in numerous professional fields. From journalism to worldwide business, efficiency in Arabic empowers people to navigate the complexities of a globalized society. As the world ends up being more interconnected, the need for people who can interact efficiently across cultural and linguistic limits has actually never ever been greater. Knowing Arabic ends up being not just an intellectual pursuit but a tactical property, enhancing one’s marketability and opening doors to diverse profession chances.
Moreover, Arabic is the language of a lively and expansive diaspora. Arabic communities span continents, from the Middle East to Europe, North America, and beyond. By discovering Arabic, people gain access to a vibrant international network, producing connections that go beyond nationwide borders. This diasporic reach of the language adds an extra layer to the cultural expedition, permitting learners to engage with diverse perspectives and experiences within the Arabic-speaking neighborhood.
In a world where mutual understanding is critical, the ability to communicate in Arabic adds to the cultivation of global citizenship. It exceeds the acquisition of vocabulary and grammar; it embodies a dedication to breaking down cultural barriers, cultivating compassion, and structure bridges in between people with various linguistic and cultural backgrounds. The journey of discovering Arabic, for that reason, ends up being a catalyst for cultivating connections that transcend the constraints of language, contributing to a more interconnected and unified international community.
The Practical and Profound Effect
Beyond the cultural and linguistic intricacies, the practical advantages of obtaining proficiency in Arabic resonate in different facets of individual and professional life. In the realm of cognitive advancement, research studies show that bilingualism, a skill cultivated through discovering Arabic, can enhance cognitive functions such as analytical, multitasking, and even imagination. The imagination required to browse in between languages promotes the brain, fostering a more versatile and durable mindset.
From a professional viewpoint, the need for Arabic speakers extends beyond conventional roles in diplomacy and worldwide business. Fields such as academia, journalism, and even technology progressively value individuals who can browse the complexities of the Arab world. The ability to interact in Arabic not only expands the spectrum of career chances but likewise positions people as cultural ambassadors, facilitating cross-cultural cooperations and understanding.
Moreover, the global geopolitical landscape highlights the strategic significance of Arabic proficiency. As the Arab world continues to play a pivotal role in worldwide affairs, individuals equipped with a deep understanding of the language are better positioned to add to diplomatic efforts, work out successfully, and bridge spaces in communication. The useful impact of discovering Arabic, for that reason, extends well beyond individual enrichment, aligning with the demands of a world where intercultural proficiency is a valued ability.
The extensive impact of Arabic efficiency is not limited to expert growth however extends to individual development. Language, as a tool of expression, forms the way individuals view the world. Learning Arabic supplies an unique lens through which to see varied point of views, promoting a sense of compassion and cultural sensitivity. It becomes a journey of self-discovery, prompting learners to question assumptions, challenge preconceptions, and develop a more nuanced understanding of the interconnectedness of humanity.
In essence, the decision to discover Arabic transcends the boundaries of mere language acquisition. It ends up being a transformative endeavor with significant ramifications, influencing cognitive abilities, opening doors to varied profession courses, and nurturing a profound gratitude for the interconnected nature of our globalized world. As people immerse themselves in the linguistic richness of Arabic, they not just acquire a valuable ability however start a holistic journey of individual and intellectual growth that goes beyond the borders of language.
Conclusion: Learn Arabic Palestinian Dialect
In conclusion, the choice to learn Arabic is not simply an option of language however a commitment to a journey of discovery. From the mesmerizing swirls of Arabic calligraphy to the extensive cultural riches waiting to be explored, the language offers an exceptional depth of experience. As we embark on this linguistic odyssey, we not just open the ability to communicate with millions however also gain access to the soul of a civilization that has actually stood the test of time.
So, let’s welcome the difficulty, savor the charm of the language, and open ourselves to a world where interaction becomes a bridge, not just between words, but between hearts and minds.
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In the scientists’ opinion, the figures of mother goddesses worshiped by the ancient people as personifications of fertility and motherhood. In 1967-68, an interesting clay figure of this kind was discovered on Garghalartapasi site (Gazakh) by archaeologist Ideal Narimanov. The figure represents a female with no head and arms, sitting on Fowler’s position with joined legs. The female’s neck is decorated with wavy lines reminding of tresses. Scholars content the figure symbolizes a woman who let her hair down in a pray for rainfall. The figure is 2.3 cm tall, 1 cm wide and 4.8 cm long.
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Tibetan Plateau is a region with more concentrated wetland distribution in China, which has always been a sensitive region of global change, and its wetland distribution and change are of great value to the study of the change of water resources and environments in China. Based on Landsat 8 OLI (operation land imager), we adopt the method of object-oriented classification and manual interpretation to obtain the wetland distribution of the Tibetan Plateau in 2016, and the wetland classification data in 2008, as well as the auxiliary data of elevation and watershed boundary. The present situation of wetland distribution and wetland changes in the Tibetan Plateau from 2008 to 2016 were analyzed. The results show that: ① In 2016, the total area of the Tibetan Plateau wetland was 115 584 km2
, the area of lake wetland was 48 737 km2
, marsh wetland area was 34 698 km2
, river wetland area was 15 927 km2
, flood wetland area was 15 035 km2
, constructed wetland area was 1 188 km2
. ② From 2008 to 2016, the total area of wetland in the Tibetan Plateau increased 3 867 km2
, mainly from the increase of lake, river and flood wetland and the decrease of the marsh wetland. ③ In different watersheds and altitudes, the distribution and variation of wetland in the Tibetan Plateau showed significant regional differences. ④ Both temperature and precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau showed upward trends, which was positively correlated with the overall change of the wetlands; the change of glacier area in drainage basins had a certain correlation with the wetland change; human activities mainly played a negative role in the wetland change of the Tibetan Plateau. This paper provides a useful support for the study of environmental change and wetland conservation in the Tibetan Plateau.
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American citizens possess a profound freedom: Voting. Every year, various elections take place around the country that allow the American people to come together and elect individuals to Congress, city councils, school boards, and other public offices. One of the most important elections is the presidential election which occurs every four years and gives citizens the opportunity to collectively elect the President of the United States. American citizens can register to vote at the age of 18. Voting is a distinct privilege that many other countries do not allow and, as such, it should not be taken lightly or disregarded.
In the United States, young people between the ages of 18-35 make up about half of the voting population, however, the U.S. has “one of the lowest rates of youth voter turnout in the world.” This is extremely concerning because it shows the huge lack of interest and motivation from the youth who are the next generation of leaders. These young Americans that are showing no interest in American policy and events are going to be teaching, directing, and leading our country in a few years. This means that America’s youth need to take an active role in shaping the nation now by voting and standing up for the policies they believe in.
According to globalcitizen.org, Since the 1980s, the youth voter turnout in America has been around 50% during presidential elections and 20% for midterm elections.
So, why aren’t young people voting? According to The Conversation,“Many people argue that younger Americans fail to vote because they are apathetic about politics.” However, there are other contributing factors. One of the main reported deterrents is confusion and complications when registering to vote.
Seeing the need to educate young Americans on the importance of voting and how to vote in their state, former first lady Michelle Obama, along with Tom Hanks, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Janelle Monae, Chris Paul, Faith Hill, and Tim McGraw, launched a nonpartisan nonprofit called When We All Vote in 2018. The goal of When We All Vote is to “[change] the culture around voting using a data-driven and multifaceted approach to increase participation in elections.” This nonprofit organizes events with the goal of giving people the information and resources they need to know how to carry out their civic duty of voting.
In addition to When We All Vote, there are many other organizations and resources designed to help young Americans understand the importance of voting and the process of registration. The Campus Vote Project is another organization that “works with universities, community colleges, faculty, students, and election officials to reduce barriers to student voting.” Through the Campus Vote Project, students attending college in-person can register to vote and take a stand for their political beliefs in elections.
What would happen if more or all young people in America voted?
Young voters account for half of the voting population but are less likely to vote than the older demographic. During the last presidential election, only 46.1% of people age 18-29 cast their ballot. When asked why they didn’t vote, many of these citizens replied that they didn’t feel their vote counts, yet there have been several instances of a race coming down to just a couple hundred votes. While the outcome of politics may not seem a big deal to a young person at the time, no one can predict where they will be in four years, and whoever ends up in office could be detrimental to the life of many.
How to Vote in Virginia
In the state of Virginia, the deadline to register has already passed, but there is still time to apply for a mail-in ballot and vote early. The mail-in ballot application deadline is today, October 23rd. You can return your ballot to the local registrar by 7:00 p.m. on Nov. 3. Returning a ballot by mail must be postmarked on or before Nov. 3 and received by the registrar by noon on Nov 6. Check with your local General Registrar to confirm your eligibility to vote absentee by mail. Special federal ID requirements may apply to certain first-time voters. It is recommended to mail in the ballot as soon as possible so that delays don’t cause your vote to not be counted.
Voting early in-person in Virginia is also still available until October 31st. Early voting locations and hours of operation can be found here. You must be registered to vote and have a valid photo ID with you. You can check your voter registration status here. You can also vote in-person on election day as well at your local precinct.
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The political turmoil of Iraq is getting more complicated, following the event when Mosul fell into the hands of some parties beyond the government’s control, thus leading the Iraqi army to withdraw from Kirkuk and the peshmerga forces of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) to take over — the KRG announced that Kirkuk, which used to be a disputed area between it and the central government in Baghdad, is no longer as such and has irreversibly become part of the KRG.
To the exclusion of the demographic, geographic and political factors supporting the KRG’s demand of Kirkuk’s affiliation, which fall outside the scope of this article, we will only discuss the financial implications of the central government’s loss of Kirkuk, one of Iraq’s major oil production and exportation cities.
Iraq’s exports, GDP and general budget revenues are still entirely dependent on oil. In the 2014 budget’s estimates, which have yet to be declared, oil revenues accounted for more than 90% of total revenues.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) announced that Iraq’s oil production reached a phenomenal level of 3.6 million barrels per day (bpd) in February 2014 and that if oil production continues to improve this way, Iraq could achieve its sought rate of 3.4 million bpd.
Iraq currently produces 3.5 million bpd and exports 2.8 million bpd, an unprecedented significant increase during the past 25 years. Iraq is now the second-biggest producer in OPEC after Saudi Arabia. It exports 2.2 million bpd from the southern oilfields and 400,000 bpd from the Kirkuk oilfields, which are one of the three giant oilfields in Iraq. Yet, the eastern and southern regions of Iraq are still the wealthiest in terms of oil resources. All giant and mega-giant fields are located in the south and include 70% to 80% of Iraq’s proven oil reserves, while 20% of these reserves are in Kirkuk, Mosul and Khanaqin.
According to Article 112 of the new Iraqi constitution, 17% of oil revenues shall be allocated to the Kurdistan region on the basis of the proportion of this region’s population to Iraq’s total population.
Yet, there are major disputes between the KRG and the central government on the distribution of oil resources. While some believe that this large percentage of the proceeds of Iraq’s oil significantly contributed in the KRG’s current economic and urban upswing, KRG officials claim that the central government is not fulfilling its obligations in this respect. Ashti Hawrami, the KRG minister of natural resources, stated that when the central government drafted its general budget for 2014, it assumed that the KRG would export at least 400,000 bpd. But this figure was incorrect and was entered in the budget without any discussions with KRG officials. Hawrami said that in accordance with the 2013 budget, the KRG should receive $6 billion, but received only $900 million, which forced it to resort to domestic and foreign borrowing.
On the other hand, the central government officials stated that the region produces and exports oil without referring to it, in violation of the constitution. In the past, the KRG exported produced oil via tankers to Turkey, and the federal government saw this as smuggling. But today, following the construction of a new pipeline from northern Iraq to the port of Ceyhan in Turkey, exportation is made via this pipeline. Turkey signed a 50-year agreement with the KRG to export the region’s oil. The latter has 45 billion barrels of proven oil reserves with a rapid increase in production capacity expected to reach 1 million bpd in 2015 compared with 400,000 bpd in 2014.
A Turkish company managed by the public sector sells oil from the Kurdistan region and deposits oil export proceeds in foreign banks. Baghdad’s government filed a complaint against Turkey before the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris for facilitating the exportation of oil from Kurdistan without any authorization from the federal government in Baghdad as stated in the constitution. Hawrami indicated that after the announcement of the affiliation of Kirkuk to the KRG, the latter is hoping to increase its exports of oil by eightfold by the end of 2015. He stressed that the region is committed to sharing Kirkuk’s oil revenues with the federal government.
It is worth mentioning that the oil-related disputes between the federal government and the KRG fall within a wide range of disputes over land, the independence of the Kurdistan Region and political influence. Moreover, the federal government is currently heavily investing in the southern Iraqi oilfields and is hoping these fields will significantly raise Iraq’s production capacity in the foreseeable future. Yet, this is not the case. If the control of the peshmerga forces of the city of Kirkuk is not solved through negotiations and if the KRG keeps Kirkuk’s revenues, then the federal government must reconsider the budget and modify its expenses in light of the shortfall caused by the interruption or cessation of Kirkuk’s oil export revenues. The federal government may also maintain the same expenses while looking for other sources of revenues; otherwise the budget deficit will increase.
Source: Iraq Directory, 07/08/2014
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The US suffered an increase in the country’s unemployment rate thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, more people needed government aid to survive the current crisis. Congress passed the CARES Act, or the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, to provide unemployment benefits for eligible people.
Many criminals took advantage of the vulnerabilities in the government’s fraud prevention efforts and frauded their way to get their undeserved stimulus packages. State agencies were overwhelmed with multiple enrollments for the stimulus packages. Several of the applicants turned out to be fraudsters.
State agencies lost about 36 billion dollars collectively due to identity fraud, and the Federal Trade Commission noted 319,423 complaints regarding the stimulus package. About 54% of the stimulus complaints were for fraud, while 15% were for identity theft.
Congress included new provisions for the second rollout of the stimulus packages wherein state agencies must verify an eligible applicant’s identity. The provision does not state how the agencies must do it, but it provides them with federal funding to purchase the necessary solutions.
Relying on biometric identification and device-based authentication can help verify a person’s identity without using easily compromisable data. Hackers today can easily access a person’s personal data, but they can’t use another person’s biometric data and devices to verify their identity. knowledge-based authentication systems reliant on a person’s SSN, birthdate, tax filing status, and street address are no longer reliable.
Government agencies must start using replacing their legacy KBA systems, automated FIDO authentication solutions, and use modern data analytics to detect fraudulent activities. Leveraging automated systems and analytics lets state agencies streamline the verification process and detection, interpretation, and communication of data patterns to prevent attacks more efficiently.
Stopping identity fraud is even more important these days because more criminals find ways to get people’s personal data and use them for different things, including identity fraud for unemployment assistance benefits. This infographic by authID can provide more information on how to stop fraud.
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Main Article Content
Introduction: A congenital abnormality is referred to as a congenital illness or deformity. In the first four weeks of life, 276,000 newborns die from congenital impairments, giving birth to a total of around 3 million fetuses and babies; these fetuses and infants are affected by abdominal fetal deformities. Each demographic has a different prevalence of birth defects.
Using standard ultrasonography, we set out to find out how often it is to see congenital fetal abdominal abnormalities in Gujrat District of Pakistan.
Methods: From January 2022 to June 2022, researchers will conduct cross-sectional study at the Azeem Diagnostic Center Gujrat. 397 This research included pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimesters. Statistical analysis of prenatal ultrasound findings was carried out via the use of a structured questionnaire. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant when using the Chi-square test to look for a relationship. Odds Ratio was used to calculate illness risk.
Results: Twenty separate pregnant women who had ultrasounds had fetal congenital impairments discovered. Patients with Atresia or Renal Agenesis are nine times more likely to have an Omphalocele than those without (odds ratio = 0.994, 95 percent confidence range = 0.986-1.002).
Conclusion: It is a noninvasive imaging technique that is incredibly sensitive and accurate while also being quite affordable in the hands of a skilled professional. At least during the second trimester, obstetricians should encourage their patients to get regular ultrasounds.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Putra RAJIJoO, Science G. Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies on Routine Ultrasound Examination of Second and Third Trimester Pregnancy. 2019;2(2s):44-9.
- Putra RA. Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies on Routine Ultrasound Examination of Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Cikalong Wetan Hospital. 2018.
- Erős FR, Beke AJCAFtEttN. Congenital fetal anomalies and the role of prenatal ultrasound. 2018:1.
- Crane JP, LeFevre ML, Winborn RC, Evans JK, Ewigman BG, Bain RP, et al. A randomized trial of prenatal ultrasonographic screening: impact on the detection, management, and outcome of anomalous fetuses. 2015;171(2):392-9.
- Jehangir W, Ali F, Jahangir T, Masood MSJAoPMC. Prevalence of gross congenital malformations at birth in the neonates in a tertiary care hospital. 2009;3(1):47-50.
- Biri A, ONAN M, TIRAŞ MB, Korucuoğlu Ü. Birth prevalence and distribution of congenital anomalies in a university hospital. 2005.
- Padma S, Bai P J, PV RJJoN. Pattern of distribution of congenital anomalies in stillborns: A hospital based prospective study. 2011;25(1):49-52.
- Taboo ZJTIpmj. Prevalence and risk factors for congenital anomalies in Mosul city. 2012;11(2):458-70.
- Akinmoladun J, Anumba DJTJoO, Gynaecology. Fetal imaging and diagnosis services in developing countries–A call to action. 2019;36(1):1-7.
- Control CfD, Prevention. Improved national prevalence estimates for 18 selected major birth defects--United States, 2003-2004. 2006;54(51):1301-5.
- Dulgheroff FF, Peixoto AB, Petrini CG, Caldas TMRdC, Ramos DR, Magalhães FO, et al. Fetal structural anomalies diagnosed during the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy using ultrasonography: a retrospective cohort study. 2020;137:391-400.
- Salmon L, Alfirevic Z, Berghella VJUOG. On behalf of the ISUOG Clinical Standard Committee Practice Guidelines for Performance of the Routine Mid-trimester Fetal Ultrasound Scan. 2011;37:116-26.
- Mahela S, Talukdar BJIJoR, Contraception, Obstetrics, Gynecology. Prevalence of congenital abnormalities on routine ultrasound scan of second and third trimester pregnancy. 2016;5(1):182-6.
- Lee RS, Cendron M, Kinnamon DD, Nguyen HTJP. Antenatal hydronephrosis as a predictor of postnatal outcome: a meta-analysis. 2006;118(2):586-93
- Mathew G and Agha R, for the STROCSS Group. STROCSS 2021: Strengthening the Reporting of cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies in Surgery. International Journal of Surgery 2021;96:106165
- Browse the Registry - Research Registry
- Analysis of frequency of congenital fetal anomalies diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound in a tertiary care hospital of Balochistan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 54: 271-271. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.21234
- Kishore K, Dey M, Gaba A, et al. Antenatally diagnosed congenital anomalies-trend in tertiary care hospital. IJRCOG. Vol 10, Issue 3. 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20210709
- Nosheen Rehan, Rehan Farooqui, Talha Ahmad Farooqui. Frequency of Congenital Fetal Anomalies and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients of the Radiology Department of Frontier Medical and Dental College Abbottabad. Proceedings SZPGMI. Vol 33, isuue 1. 23-29. 2019. Untitled-1 (proceedings-szmc.org.pk)
- Abebe S, Gebru G, Amenu D, Mekonnen Z, Dube L (2021) Risk factors associated with congenital anomalies among newborns in southwestern Ethiopia: A case-control study. PLOS ONE 16(1): e0245915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245915
- Moraes CL, Melo NCE, Amaral WND. Frequency of Congenital Anomalies in the Brazilian Midwest and the Association with Maternal Risk Factors: Case-control Study. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet. 2020 Apr;42(4):188-193. English. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1709692. Epub 2020 Apr 24. PMID: 32330960.
- Onyambu, C.K., Tharamba, N.M. Screening for congenital fetal anomalies in low risk pregnancy: the Kenyatta National Hospital experience. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 18, 180 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1824-z
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Fabric eating in cats
PICA is the term used for the craving
of unusual articles. In animals it is characterised by licking,
chewing or sucking foreign materials. A study in 1992 by Neville
and Bradshaw showed that of 152 cats which ate fabric, 55% were
Siamese, 28% Burmese and 11% were cross breeds. Wool was the most
favoured material followed by cotton and then synthetic materials.
Theories why they eat fabric:
I. The cat is over-dependant on the
owner eats fabric when separated from them
2. The cat is kept indoors and denied the opportunity to hunt
3. Stressful events may trigger the behaviour
4. It is caused by boredom, lack of stimulation
5. It is a compulsive disorder, similar to" those seen in
How do you treat the situation?
Sometimes denying the cat access
to the fabric for as little as a few weeks is enough to break
the cycle. Letting your cat outside to hunt can reduce or halt
the problem, this can also stop them from becoming over attached
to the owner.
However, if this does not prove successful
or is not practical, providing the cat with objects to stimulate
it may help. Chewing and sucking wool and other fabrics is a stereotypical
behaviour, which may occur from lack of stimulation and boredom.
To prevent your cat from being bored,
a playmate may help! Alternatively, hiding the food under objects
and around the house means they have to forage for food. Many
cats will also like toys and chews to occupy their time.
Soaking the fabric in products containing
menthol, eucalyptus or lanolin (e.g. hand cream) can put many
cats off eating fabric for life.
Many people believe that fabric eating
is caused by a lack of fibre in the diet. This is unlikely, however
if you do want to test this theory it is not advisable to add
bran. Bran increases the fibre content of the diet but it can
affect the absorption of other important minerals, causing deficiencies.
Try adding vegetables, cooked or raw instead.
pet health problems
John Burns Pet Health
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In Bhagavad Gita, neither Krishna nor Arjuna believe that their war is just or reasonable. But while Arjuna desists meaningless slaughter, Krishna believes that one must uphold honour regardless of consequence. The two positions represent the alternative moralities. Krishna argues on the basis of principle, its deontology, while Arjuna speaks for the overall impact, its consequential outcome. In Idea of Justice, Amartya Sen identifies these as the alternative poles of justice in Indian thought – the absolute value of niti against the compassionate overview of nyaya.
The position of world craft invites a similar division. With urbanisation, many artisans have left their villages and are working in city factories. You’ll find dozens of services in India that will realise your designs–either hand or machine embroidered–by skilled artisans.
To the Krishnas, such as development reflects the death of craft. In its authentic guise, craft is tied to a traditional lifestyle, in rhythm with the seasonal and cultural calendar. Constrained by the mechanised time of an urban factory, craft is drained of its essential expression.
But to the Arjunas, such factories offer salvation for crafts otherwise facing extinction. Crafts today suffer twin hazards: local markets are replaced by globalised goods and children fail to be attracted to the isolation and drudgery of handmade processes. With the establishment of craft factories, the inevitable drift to cities can at least take craft with it.
So who is right? Though Krishna wins out in the end, what’s essential to Bhagavad Gita is the argument itself. Before jumping to conclusions, we need to understand better what is happening inside these factories. Are craft skills being handed down? Is there scope for expression? And on the other hand, rather than blindly following progress, we need to draw a line beyond which products can no longer claim to be hand-crafted.
The Code of Practice for Creative Collaborations is designed to cover situations where designers commission products from newly emerged craft factories. It promises to give consumers an opportunity to learn how the work is produced, and producers the scope to increase the value of their goods by extending creative possibilities for the makers.
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This Inside Climate News article discusses a study that shows that Global Warming Was Already Fueling Droughts in Early 1900s. Scientists say the surprising findings provide the clearest signal yet of how greenhouse gas emissions have led to changing soil conditions around the world.
Global warming has been fueling droughts since the early 20th Century, when soils started drying out at the same time across parts of North and Central America, Eurasia, Australia and the Mediterranean, new research shows.
The researchers say the surprising early-century findings provide the clearest signal yet that human-caused greenhouse gas emissions have been changing the hydroclimate in ways that can devastate agriculture, health and livelihoods.
The findings, published Wednesday in the journal Nature, reinforce the importance of stopping greenhouse gas emissions in the next few decades, Cook said.
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There are ~23,000 described species of nematodes, and an estimated 2-10 million species exist. Genomics research on nematodes (particularly Caenorhabditis elegans) has delivered important information on core biological processes. Adding additional nematode genomes to that of C. elegans will allow the specific instance of C. elegans to be contextualised, and will we hope feed research on comparative genomics of nematodes, the evolutionary biology of genome change, and the biology of the (many) parasitic nematodes, amongst other fields.
Why (only) 959 nematode genomes?
All adult female hermaphrodite C. elegans have 959 somatic cells. The definition of the embryonic lineage of C. elegans from fertilised zygote to fertile adult was a milestone in C. elegans developmental biology. Just as the tree of the C. elegans embryonic lineage was a key underpinning of later work on this model nematode, we hope that a Nematoda phylogeny with 959 genome-sequenced taxa will underpin the investigation of nematode biology in general. Next generation sequencing technologies already can deliver 100-fold coverage of a new genome in under a week: our challenge is to recruit the next generation of (bioinformatics-capable, genome-savvy) nematologists to drive this aspiration.
Articles submitted to the Worm Breeder's Gazette should not be cited in bibliographies. Material contained here should be treated as personal communication and cited as such only with the consent of the author.
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| 0.898593 | 330 | 2.609375 | 3 |
If you stroll via a forest, you encompass your self with carbon. Each department, each leaf, each tendril of unseen root and each inch of trunk incorporates carbon pulled from the ambiance via photosynthesis. And so long as it stays saved inside that forest foliage, it’s not contributing to the rising concentrations of carbon dioxide that trigger local weather change.
Sadly, deforestation is likely one of the main problems with our time. Based on World Forest Watch, a platform managed by the World Sources Institute, the tropics misplaced 10.1 million acres of main forest in 2022, up from 9.3 million acres in 2021. That’s a ten% enhance in main tropical forest loss in 2022 and the equal of shedding 11 soccer fields of forest per minute.
Scientists say there’s at the very least one, not-so-obvious option to fight this loss: don’t kill elephants, poach gorillas, or wipe out hornbills, tapirs or different large-bodied wildlife that eat fruit and disperse giant seeds.
The forfeit of frugivores
We regularly describe tropical forests as being “emptied” as a result of lack of animals, generally due to unsustainable market or subsistence searching. Such searching is thought to have detrimental results on the right track species, broader biodiversity and the livelihoods and well-being of native communities. However an typically forgotten and fewer appreciated antagonistic affect of defaunation is the lowered capability of tropical forests to sequester and retailer carbon, which has implications for local weather change.
Actually, in a brand new paper by the Wildlife Conservation Society, printed within the journal PLOS Biology in August 2023, researchers reported that lots of the birds and mammals focused by unlawful and business searching are fruit-eaters that disperse giant seeds from tree species with enormous capacities for storing carbon. The lack of these giant frugivores (fruit-eaters)—akin to hornbills, primates and toucans—adjustments the composition of forests over time in order that wind-dispersed or small-seeded tree species with decrease wooden density—and due to this fact decrease quantities of carbon—grow to be extra prevalent.
For instance, within the Neotropics (the tropical, terrestrial, ecological areas of the Caribbean, Central America and South America), the lack of giant primates and tapirs, which disperse seeds from large-seeded bushes with larger wooden density, is predicted to result in long-term losses in aboveground tree biomass by a mean of three to six%, however to as a lot as practically 40%. In central Thailand, tree species depending on seed dispersal by large-bodied frugivores account for practically one-third of the overall carbon biomass.
The replanting downside
Attempting to cut back internet carbon emissions by restoring tropical forests via planting seeds and seedlings typically doesn’t adequately handle the issue of tropical forest loss. Usually, restoration efforts contain small-seeded, largely second-growth species. Giant-seeded, animal-dispersed tree species are underrepresented in seedlings acquired for restoration plantations. And as soon as misplaced, returning animal populations is tough, particularly within the absence of their meals sources; in flip, constraining the capability of restored forests to retailer and sequester carbon.
Carbon dioxide incarnate
One other not-often-thought-about, detrimental local weather affect from the lack of wildlife via searching and poaching is that it impacts complete forest carbon storage by eradicating animal our bodies—and their carbon storage capability. For instance, an grownup forest elephant holds about 1,587 kilos of carbon (2.64 tons of CO2e, or carbon dioxide equal). The 11,000 elephants killed in a single nationwide park in Gabon from 2004 to 2012 would, due to this fact, have meant the lack of 7,920 tons of carbon storage, equal to 29,040 tons of CO2e.
Luckily, there are current markets that worth the carbon sequestration and storage capability of forests, with REDD+ (Diminished Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) being probably the most developed. These primarily voluntary markets have to date largely targeted on the carbon within the forest bushes and on lowering emissions by avoiding deforestation and forest degradation. However because the lack of giant animals degrades the carbon content material of the forest—over each the quick and long run—there’s a market alternative to include a carbon bonus for having intact fauna. Explicitly valuing wildlife for its function within the sequestration and storage of carbon in tropical forests and making a marketplace for intact faunal assemblages can doubtlessly generate vital revenues for forest and searching administration.
It sounds to me like a profitable technique: a market is one option to pay for the multifaceted packages wanted to preserve forests—together with their giant faunal species—whereas additionally guaranteeing the dietary well being and well-being of native communities in carbon-friendly methods.
The wildlife-filled wilderness
These new findings underscore how ecologically intact forests—giant, unbroken swaths of bushes which might be free of great human-caused harm and containing the total complement of wildlife—are extraordinarily vital. Excessive-integrity tropical forests are estimated to take away and retailer round 3.6 billion tons of CO2 per yr from the ambiance.
Wild animals, who already profit us in so some ways, have a significant function to play in sustaining the robustness of such forests. Forests that also have their full array of wildlife, at wholesome inhabitants densities, sequester and retailer extra carbon than those who have misplaced elements of their fauna. Sustaining intact wildlife is, then, a important component of any technique to preserve forests for addressing local weather change.
Strolling via a forest is one in all my favourite issues to do. Though I is likely to be surrounded by carbon, I discover that traipsing via the woods all the time gives me with a much-needed alternative to breathe deeply of unpolluted and oxygenated air. I really feel enveloped by life: plant and animal.
As American author, filmmaker and conservationist Lois Crisler as soon as wrote, “Wilderness with out wildlife is simply surroundings.”
Right here’s to discovering your true locations and pure habitats,
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| 0.931666 | 1,303 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Josquin des Presca. 1450 (Hainaut) - 27 aug 1521 (Condé)
|Buy sheetmusic from Pres at SheetMusicPlus|
Josquin des Prez (French pronunciation: [ʒɔskɛ̃ depʁe]; c. 1450 to 1455 – August 27, 1521), often referred to simply as Josquin, was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance. He is also known as Josquin Desprez and Latinized as Josquinus Pratensis, alternatively Jodocus Pratensis, although he himself expressed his preferred spelling of his name, Josquin des Prez, in an acrostic in his motet Illibata Dei virgo nutrix. He was the most famous European composer between Guillaume Dufay and Palestrina, and is usually considered to be the central figure of the Franco-Flemish School. Josquin is widely considered by music scholars to be the first master of the high Renaissance style of polyphonic vocal music that was emerging during his lifetime.
During the 16th century, Josquin gradually acquired the reputation as the greatest composer of the age, his mastery of technique and expression universally imitated and admired. Writers as diverse as Baldassare Castiglione and Martin Luther wrote about his reputation and fame; theorists such as Heinrich Glarean and Gioseffo Zarlino held his style as that best representing perfection. He was so admired that many anonymous compositions were attributed to him by copyists, probably to increase their sales. At least 374 works are attributed to him; it was only after the advent of modern analytical scholarship that some of these mistaken attributions have been challenged, on the basis of stylistic features and manuscript evidence. Yet in spite of Josquin's colossal reputation, which endured until the beginning of the Baroque era and was revived in the 20th century, his biography is shadowy, and we know next to nothing about his personality. The only surviving work which may be in his own hand is a graffito on the wall of the Sistine Chapel, and only one contemporary mention of his character is known, in a letter to Duke Ercole I of Ferrara. The lives of dozens of minor composers of the Renaissance are better documented than the life of Josquin.
Josquin wrote both sacred and secular music, and in all of the significant vocal forms of the age, including masses, motets, chansons and frottole. During the 16th century, he was praised for both his supreme melodic gift and his use of ingenious technical devices. In modern times, scholars have attempted to ascertain the basic details of his biography, and have tried to define the key characteristics of his style to correct misattributions, a task that has proved difficult. Josquin liked to solve compositional problems in different ways in successive compositions, as did Stravinsky more than 400 years later. Sometimes he wrote in an austere style devoid of ornamentation, and at other times he wrote music requiring considerable virtuosity. Heinrich Glarean wrote in 1547 that Josquin was not only a "magnificent virtuoso" (the Latin can be translated also as "show-off") but capable of being a "mocker", using satire effectively. While the focus of scholarship in recent years has been to remove music from the "Josquin canon" (including some of his most famous pieces) and to reattribute it to his contemporaries, the remaining music represents some of the most famous and enduring of the Renaissance.
Birth and early career
Little is known for certain of Josquin's early life. Much is inferential and speculative, though numerous clues have emerged from his works and the writings of contemporary composers, theorists, and writers of the next several generations. Josquin was born in the area controlled by the Dukes of Burgundy, and was possibly born either in Hainaut (modern-day Belgium), or immediately across the border in modern-day France, since several times in his life he was classified legally as a Frenchman (for instance, when he made his will). Josquin was long mistaken for a man with a similar name, Josquin de Kessalia, born around the year 1440, who sang in Milan from 1459 to 1474, dying in 1498. More recent scholarship has shown that Josquin des Prez was born around 1450 or a few years later, and did not go to Italy until the early 1480s.
Around 1466, perhaps on the death of his father, Josquin was named by his uncle and aunt, Gilles Lebloitte dit Desprez and Jacque Banestonne, as their heir. Their will gives Josquin's actual surname as Lebloitte. According to Matthews and Merkley, "des Prez" was a nickname.
According to an account by Claude Hémeré, a friend and librarian of Cardinal Richelieu whose evidence dates as late as 1633, and who used the records of the collegiate church of Saint-Quentin, Josquin became a choirboy at Saint-Quentin, probably around 1460, and was in charge of its music. He may have studied counterpoint under Ockeghem, whom he greatly admired throughout his life: this is suggested both by the testimony of Gioseffo Zarlino and Lodovico Zacconi, writing later in the 16th century, and by Josquin's eloquent lament on the death of Ockeghem in 1497, Nymphes des bois/Requiem aeternam, based on the poem by Jean Molinet. All records from Saint-Quentin were destroyed in 1669; however the cathedral there was a center of music-making for the entire area, and in addition was an important center of royal patronage. Both Jean Mouton and Loyset Compère were buried there, and it is certainly possible that Josquin acquired his later connections with the French royal chapel through early experiences at Saint-Quentin.
The first definite record of his employment is dated April 19, 1477, and it shows that he was a singer at the chapel of René, Duke of Anjou, in Aix-en-Provence. He remained there at least until 1478. No certain records of his movements exist for the period from March 1478 until 1483, but if he remained in the employ of René he would have transferred to Paris in 1481 along with the rest of the chapel. One of Josquin's early motets, Misericordias Domini in aeternum cantabo, suggests a direct connection with Louis XI, who was king during this time. In 1483 Josquin returned to Condé to claim his inheritance from his aunt and uncle, who may have been killed by the army of Louis XI in May 1478, when they besieged the town, locked the population into the church, and burned them alive.
The period of 1480 to 1482 has puzzled biographers: some contradictory evidence exists, suggesting either that Josquin was still in France, or was already in the service of the Sforza family, specifically with Ascanio Sforza, who had been banished from Milan and resided temporarily in Ferrara or Naples. Residence in Ferrara in the early 1480s could explain the Missa Hercules dux Ferrariae, composed for Ercole d'Este, but which stylistically does not fit with the usual date of 1503–4 when Josquin was known to be in Ferrara. Alternatively it has been suggested that Josquin spent some of that time in Hungary, based on a mid 16th century Roman document describing the Hungarian court in those years, and including Josquin as one of the musicians present.
In either 1483 or 1484 Josquin is known to have been in the service of the Sforza family in Milan. While in their employ, he made one or more trips to Rome, and possibly also to Paris; while in Milan he made the acquaintance of Franchinus Gaffurius, who was maestro di cappella of the cathedral there. He was in Milan again in 1489, after a possible period of travel; but he left that year.
From 1489 to 1495 Josquin was a member of the papal choir, first under Pope Innocent VIII, and later under the Borgia pope Alexander VI. He may have gone there as part of a singer exchange with Gaspar van Weerbeke, who went back to Milan at the same time. While there, he may have been the one who carved his name into the wall of the Sistine Chapel; a "JOSQUINJ" was recently revealed by workers restoring the chapel. Since it was traditional for singers to carve their names into the walls, and hundreds of names were inscribed there during the period from the 15th to the 18th centuries, it is considered highly likely that the graffiti is by Josquin – and if so, it would be his only surviving autograph.
Josquin's mature style evolved during this period; as in Milan he had absorbed the influence of light Italian secular music, in Rome he refined his techniques of sacred music. Several of his motets have been dated to the years he spent at the papal chapel.
Departure from Rome; France
Around 1498 Josquin most likely re-entered the service of the Sforza family, on the evidence of a pair of letters between the Gonzaga and Sforza families. He probably did not stay in Milan long, for in 1499 Louis XII captured Milan in his invasion of northern Italy and imprisoned Josquin's former employers. Around this time Josquin most likely returned to France, although documented details of his career around the turn of the century are lacking. Prior to departing Italy he most likely wrote one of his most famous secular compositions, the frottola El grillo, as well as In te Domine speravi ("I have placed my hope in you, Lord"), based on Psalm 30. The latter composition may have been a veiled reference to the religious reformer Girolamo Savonarola, who had been burned at the stake in Florence in 1498, and for whom Josquin seems to have had a special reverence; the text was the monk's favorite psalm, a meditation on which he left incomplete in prison prior to his execution.
Some of Josquin's compositions, such as the instrumental Vive le roy, have been tentatively dated to the period around 1500 when he was in France. A motet, Memor esto verbi tui servo tuo ("Remember thy promise unto thy servant"), was, according to Heinrich Glarean writing in the Dodecachordon of 1547, composed as a gentle reminder to the king to keep his promise of a benefice to Josquin, which he had forgotten to keep. According to Glarean's story, it worked: the court applauded, and the king gave Josquin his benefice. Upon receiving it, Josquin reportedly wrote a motet on the text Benefecisti servo tuo, Domine ("Lord, thou hast dealt graciously with thy servant") to show his gratitude to the king.
Josquin probably remained in the service of Louis XII until 1503, when Duke Ercole I of Ferrara hired him for the chapel there. One of the rare mentions of Josquin's personality survives from this time. Prior to hiring Josquin, one of Duke Ercole's assistants recommended that he hire Heinrich Isaac instead, since Isaac was easier to get along with, more companionable, was more willing to compose on demand, and would cost significantly less (120 ducats vs. 200). Ercole, however, chose Josquin.
While in Ferrara, Josquin wrote some of his most famous compositions, including the austere, Savonarola-influenced Miserere, which became one of the most widely-distributed motets of the 16th century; the utterly contrasting, virtuoso motet Virgo salutiferi; and possibly the Missa Hercules Dux Ferrariae, which is written on a cantus firmus derived from the musical letters in the Duke's name, a technique known as soggetto cavato.
Josquin did not stay in Ferrara long. An outbreak of the plague in the summer of 1503 prompted the evacuation of the Duke and his family, as well as two thirds of the citizens, and Josquin left by April of the next year, possibly also to escape the plague. His replacement, Jacob Obrecht, died of the plague in the summer of 1505, to be replaced by Antoine Brumel in 1506, who stayed until the disbanding of the chapel in 1510.
Retirement to Condé-sur-l'Escaut
Josquin went directly from Ferrara to his home region of Condé-sur-l'Escaut, southeast of Lille on the present-day border between Belgium and France, becoming provost of the collegiate church of Notre-Dame on May 3, 1504, a large musical establishment that he headed for the rest of his life. While the chapter at Bourges Cathedral asked him to become master of the choirboys there in 1508, it is not known how he responded, and there is no record of his having been employed there; most scholars presume he remained in Condé.
During the last two decades of his life, Josquin's fame spread abroad along with his music. The newly-developed technology of printing made wide dissemination of his music possible, and Josquin was the favorite of the first printers: one of Petrucci's first publications, and the earliest surviving print of music by a single composer, was a book of Josquin's masses which he printed in Venice in 1502. This publication was successful enough that Petrucci published two further volumes of Josquin's masses, in 1504 and 1514, and reissued them several times.
On his death-bed Josquin asked that he be listed on the rolls as a foreigner, so that his property would not pass to the Lords and Ladies of Condé. This bit of evidence has been used to show that he was French by birth. Additionally, he left an endowment for the performance of his late motet, Pater noster/Ave Maria, at all general processions in the town when they passed in front of his house, stopping to place a wafer on the marketplace altar to the Holy Virgin. Pater noster may have been his last work.
Josquin lived during a transitional stage in music history. Musical styles were changing rapidly, in part due to the movement of musicians between different regions of Europe. Many northern musicians moved to Italy, the heart of the Renaissance, attracted by the Italian nobility's patronage of the arts; while in Italy, these composers were influenced by the native Italian styles, and often brought those ideas with them back to their homelands. The sinuous musical lines of the Ockeghem generation, the contrapuntal complexity of the Netherlanders, and the homophonic textures of the Italian lauda and secular music began to merge into a unified style; indeed Josquin was to be the leading figure in this musical process, which eventually resulted in the formation of an international musical language, of which the most famous composers included Palestrina, and Lassus.
Josquin likely learned his craft in his home region in the North, in France, and then in Italy when he went to Milan and Rome. His early sacred works emulate the contrapuntal complexity and ornamented, melismatic lines of Ockeghem and his contemporaries, but at the same time he was learning his contrapuntal technique he was acquiring an Italianate idiom for his secular music: after all, he was surrounded by Italian popular music in Milan. By the end of his long creative career, which spanned approximately 50 productive years, he had developed a simplified style in which each voice of a polyphonic composition exhibited free and smooth motion, and close attention was paid to clear setting of text as well as clear alignment of text with musical motifs. While other composers were influential on the development of Josquin's style, especially in the late 15th century, he himself became the most influential composer in Europe, especially after the development of music printing, which was concurrent with the years of his maturity and peak output. This event made his influence even more decisive than it might otherwise have been.
Many "modern" musical compositional practices were being born in the era around 1500. Josquin made extensive use of "motivic cells" in his compositions, short, easily-recognizable melodic fragments which passed from voice to voice in a contrapuntal texture, giving it an inner unity. This is a basic organizational principle in music which has been practiced continuously from approximately 1500 until the present day.
Josquin wrote in all of the important forms current at the time, including masses, motets, chansons, and frottole. He even contributed to the development of a new form, the motet-chanson, of which he left at least three examples. In addition, some of his pieces were probably intended for instrumental performance.
Each area of his output can be further subdivided by form or by hypothetical period of composition. Since dating Josquin's compositions is particularly problematic, with scholarly consensus only achieved on a minority of works, discussion here is by type.
Josquin wrote towards the end of the period in which the mass was the predominant form of sacred composition in Europe. The mass, as it had developed through the 15th century, was a long, multi-section form, with opportunities for large-scale structure and organization not possible in the other forms such as the motet. Josquin wrote some of the most famous examples of the genre, most using some kind of cyclic organization.
He wrote masses using the following general techniques, although there is considerable overlap between techniques in individual compositions:
Most of these techniques, particularly paraphrase and parody, become standardized during the first half of the 16th century; Josquin was very much a pioneer, and what was perceived as mixing of these techniques by later observers was actually the process by which they were created.
Josquin was fond of canonic techniques, as were many other composers of his generation, and canon appears in all of his masses, sometimes to the exclusion of other structural devices.
Prior to Josquin's mature period, the most common technique for writing masses was the cantus firmus, a technique which had been in use already for most of the 15th century. It was the technique that Josquin used earliest in his career, with the Missa L'ami Baudichon, possibly his first mass. This mass is based on a secular – indeed ribald – tune similar to "Three Blind Mice". That basing a mass on such a source was an accepted procedure is evident from the existence of the mass in Sistine Chapel part-books copied during the papacy of Julius II (1503 to 1513).
Josquin's most famous cantus-firmus masses are the two based on the L'homme armé tune, which was the favorite tune for mass composition of the entire Renaissance. The earlier of the two, Missa L'homme armé super voces musicales, is a technical tour-de-force on the tune, containing numerous mensuration canons and contrapuntal display. It was by far the most famous of all his masses. The second, Missa L'homme armé sexti toni, is a "fantasia on the theme of the armed man." While based on a cantus firmus, it is also a paraphrase mass, for fragments of the tune appear in all voices. Technically it is almost restrained, compared to the other L'homme armé mass, until the closing Agnus Dei, which contains a complex canonic structure including a rare retrograde canon, around which other voices are woven.
The paraphrase technique differs from the cantus-firmus technique in that the source material, though it still consists of a monophonic original, is embellished, often with ornaments. As in the cantus-firmus technique, the source tune may appear in many voices of the mass.
Several of Josquin's masses feature the paraphrase technique, and they include some of his most famous work. The relatively early Missa Ave maris stella, which probably dates from his years in the Sistine Chapel choir, paraphrases the Marian antiphon of the same name; it is also one of his shortest masses. The late Missa de Beata Virgine paraphrases plainchants in praise of the Virgin Mary; it is a Lady Mass, a votive mass for Saturday performance, and was his most popular mass in the 16th century.
By far the most famous of Josquin's masses using the technique, and one of the most famous mass settings of the entire era, was the Missa pange lingua, based on the hymn by Thomas Aquinas for the Vespers of Corpus Christi. It was probably the last mass that Josquin composed. This mass is an extended fantasia on the tune, using the melody in all voices and in all parts of the mass, in elaborate and ever-changing polyphony. One of the high points of the mass is the et incarnatus est section of the Credo, where the texture becomes homophonic, and the tune appears in the topmost voice; here the portion which would normally set "Sing, O my tongue, of the mystery of the divine body" is instead given the words "And he became incarnate by the Holy Ghost from the Virgin Mary, and was made man."
Parody masses, masses on popular songs
In parody masses, the source material was not a single line, but an entire texture, often of a popular song. Several works by Josquin fall loosely into this category, including the Missa Fortuna desperata, based on the three-voice song Fortuna desperata (possibly by Antoine Busnois); the Missa Malheur me bat (based on a chanson variously ascribed to Obrecht, Ockeghem, or, most likely, Abertijne Malcourt); and the Missa Mater Patris, based on a three-voice motet by Antoine Brumel. The Missa Mater Patris is probably the first true parody mass to be composed, for it no longer contains any hint of a cantus firmus. Parody technique was to become the most usual means of mass composition for the remainder of the 16th century, although the mass gradually fell out of favor as the motet grew in esteem.
Masses on solmization syllables
The earliest known mass by any composer using this method of composition – the soggetto cavato – is the Missa Hercules Dux Ferrariae, which Josquin probably wrote in the early 1480s for the powerful Ercole I, Duke of Ferrara. The notes of the cantus firmus are drawn from the musical syllables of the Duke's own name: Re – Ut – Re – Ut – Re – Fa – Mi – Re. Another mass using this technique is the Missa La sol fa re mi, based on the musical syllables contained in "Lascia fare mi" ("leave me alone!"). The story, as told by Glareanus in 1547, was that an unknown aristocrat used to order suitors away with this phrase, and Josquin immediately wrote an "exceedingly elegant" mass on it as a jab at him.
Canonic masses came into increasing prominence in the latter part of the 15th century. Early examples include Ockeghem's famous Missa prolationum, consisting entirely of mensuration canons, the Missa L'homme armé of Guillaume Faugues, whose cantus firmus is presented in canon at the descending fifth, and the Missa [Ad fugam] of Marbrianus de Orto, based on freely composed canons at the fifth between superius and tenor. Josquin makes use of canon in the Osanna and Agnus Dei III of the Missa L'homme armé sexti toni, throughout the Missa Sine nomine, and in the final three movements of the Missa De beata virgine. The Missa L'homme armé super voces musicales incorporates mensuration canons in the Kyrie, Benedictus, and Agnus Dei II.
Josquin's motet style varied from almost strictly homophonic settings with block chords and syllabic text declamation to highly ornate contrapuntal fantasias, to the psalm settings which combined these extremes with the addition of rhetorical figures and text-painting that foreshadowed the later development of the madrigal. He wrote many of his motets for four voices, an ensemble size which had become the compositional norm around 1500, and he also was a considerable innovator in writing motets for five and six voices. No motets of more than six voices have been reliably attributed to Josquin.
Almost all of Josquin's motets use some kind of compositional constraint on the process; they are not freely composed. Some of them use a cantus firmus as a unifying device; some are canonic; some use a motto which repeats throughout; some use several of these methods. The motets that use canon can be roughly divided into two groups: those in which the canon is plainly designed to be heard and appreciated as such, and another group in which a canon is present, but almost impossible to hear, and seemingly written to be appreciated by the eye, and by connoisseurs.
Josquin frequently used imitation, especially paired imitation, in writing his motets, with sections akin to fugal expositions occurring on successive lines of the text he was setting. An example is his setting of Dominus regnavit (Psalm 93), for four voices; each of the lines of the psalm begins with a voice singing a new tune alone, quickly followed by entries of other three voices in imitation.
In writing polyphonic settings of psalms, Josquin was a pioneer, and psalm settings form a large proportion of the motets of his later years. Few composers prior to Josquin had written polyphonic psalm settings. Some of Josquin's settings include the famous Miserere, written in Ferrara in 1503 or 1504 and most likely inspired by the recent execution of the reformist monk Girolamo Savonarola, Memor esto verbi tui, based on Psalm 119, and two settings of De profundis (Psalm 130), both of which are often considered to be among his most significant accomplishments.
Chansons and instrumental compositions
In the domain of secular music, Josquin left numerous French chansons, for from three to six voices, as well as a handful of Italian secular songs known as frottole, as well as some pieces which were probably intended for instrumental performance. Problems of attribution are even more acute with the chansons than they are with other portions of his output: while about 70 three and four-voice chansons were published under his name during his lifetime, only six of the more than thirty five- and six-voice chansons attributed to him were circulated under his name during the same time. Many of the attributions added after his death are considered to be unreliable, and much work has been done in the last decades of the 20th century to correct attributions on stylistic grounds.
Josquin's earliest chansons were probably composed in northern Europe, under the influence of composers such as Ockeghem and Busnois. Unlike them, however, he never adhered strictly to the conventions of the formes fixes – the rigid and complex repetition patterns of the rondeau, virelai, and ballade – instead he often wrote his early chansons in strict imitation, a feature they shared with many of his sacred works. He was one of the first composers of chansons to make all voices equal parts of the texture; and many of his chansons contain points of imitation, in the manner of motets. However he did use melodic repetition, especially where the lines of text rhymed, and many of his chansons had a lighter texture, as well a faster tempo, than his motets.
Inside of his chansons, he often used a cantus firmus, sometimes a popular song whose origin can no longer be traced, as in Si j'avoye Marion. Other times he used a tune originally associated with a separate text; and still other times he freely composed an entire song, using no apparent external source material. Another technique he sometimes used was to take a popular song and write it as a canon with itself, in two inner voices, and write new melodic material above and around it, to a new text: he used this technique in one of his most famous chansons, Faulte d'argent ("The problem with money"), a song sung by a man who wakes in bed with a prostitute, broke and unable to pay her.
Some of his chansons were doubtless designed to be performed instrumentally. That Petrucci published many of them without text is strong evidence of this; additionally, some of the pieces (for example, the fanfare-like Vive le roy) contain writing more idiomatic for instruments than voices.
Josquin's most famous chansons circulated widely in Europe. Some of the better known include his lament on the death of Ockeghem, Nymphes des bois/Requiem aeternam; Mille regretz (the attribution of which has recently been questioned); Plus nulz regretz; and Je me complains.
In addition to his French chansons, he wrote at least three pieces in the manner of the Italian frottola, a popular Italian song form which he would have encountered during his years in Milan. These songs include Scaramella, El grillo, and In te domine speravi. They are even simpler in texture than his French chansons, being almost uniformly syllabic and homophonic, and they remain among the most frequently sung portions of his output.
While in Milan, Josquin wrote several examples of a new type of piece developed by the composers there, the motet-chanson. These compositions were texturally very similar to 15th century chansons in the formes fixes mold, except that unlike those completely secular works, they contained a chant-derived Latin cantus-firmus in the lowest of the three voices. The other voices, in French, sang a secular text which had either a symbolic relationship to the sacred Latin text, or commented on it. Josquin's three known motet-chansons, Que vous madame/In pace, A la mort/Monstra te esse matrem, and Fortune destrange plummaige/Pauper sum ego, are similar stylistically to those by the other composers of the Milan chapel, such as Loyset Compère and Alexander Agricola.
Josquin's fame lasted throughout the 16th century, and indeed increased for several decades after his death. Zarlino, writing in the 1580s, was still using examples from Josquin in his treatises on composition; and Josquin's fame was only eclipsed after the beginning of the Baroque era, with the decline of the pre-tonal polyphonic style. During the 18th and 19th centuries Josquin's fame was overshadowed by later Roman School composer Palestrina, whose music was seen as the summit of polyphonic refinement, and codified into a system of composition by theorists such as Johann Fux; however, during the 20th century, Josquin's reputation has grown steadily, to the point where scholars again consider him "the greatest and most successful composer of the age." According to Richard Sherr, writing in the introduction to the Josquin Companion, addressing specifically the shrinking of Josquin's canon due to correction of misattributions, "Josquin will survive because his best music really is as magnificent as everybody has always said it was."
Since the 1950s Josquin's reputation has been boosted by the increasing availability of recordings, of which there are many, and the rise of ensembles specializing in the performance of 16th century vocal music, many of which consider Josquin's output to be at the heart of their repertory.
The difficulties in compiling a works list for Josquin cannot be overstated. Because of his immense prestige in the early sixteenth century, many scribes and publishers did not resist the temptation of attributing anonymous or otherwise spurious works to Josquin. The German editor Georg Forster summed up the situation admirably in 1540 when he wrote, "Now that Josquin is dead, he is putting out more works than when he was alive." Thus, many of the works listed below are of disputed authenticity.
Of questionable authenticity, with the exception of the Credo De tous biens playne:
References and further reading
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Josquin des Pres. Allthough most Wikipedia articles provide accurate information accuracy can not be guaranteed.
|Buy sheetmusic from Pres at SheetMusicPlus|
Humoresques de concert
Piano Concerto in F major
Nocturnes Op. 9 (pour Madame Pleyel)
Humoresques de concert
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|| 要旨トップ | 目次 |||日本生態学会第57回全国大会 (2010年3月，東京) 講演要旨|
Recently, importance of plant genotype in structuring arthropod communities has been widely recognized. Several studies demonstrated that genetically based variation in plant phenotypes has important consequences for the preference and performance of individual herbivore species.
Herbivorous community on exotic tall goldenrods growing in Japan differed from that on plants in their original habitat North America, even when these plants grew in a same habitat. We hypothesized that one of the factors contributing to the difference in herbivorous communities on tall goldenrods between both habitats was the genotypic composition of the plants. To examine the hypothesis, we investigated herbivorous communities on 10 genotypes of tall goldenrods which were planted at a common garden in each habitat. Plant genotypes affected herbivorous communities on the plants in both habitats. Abundances of the aphid and lacebug on plants differed in response to difference in genetically based plant phenotypes. These insects greatly contributed to the difference in herbivorous community structure on tall goldenrods in both habitats. Difference in susceptibility of plants to these insects may affect difference in herbivorous communities on tall goldenrods between their introduced and original habitats.
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Urine - bloody; Blood in the urine
Blood in your urine can turn toilet water pale pink or bright red. Or, you may just see spots of blood in the water after urinating.
In women, blood may appear to be in the urine when it is actually coming from the vagina. In men, what may be mistaken for urinary bleeding is sometimes a bloody ejaculation, usually due to a prostate problem.
Discoloration from certain drugs, beets, or other foods can mimic blood in the urine.
You may not see blood in your urine. In some cases, it is found microscopically when your doctor checks your urine during a routine exam. Your doctor will follow up on this problem to see if it persists and identify the cause.
When blood is visible to the naked eye, prompt and thorough evaluation is always needed. In children, hospitalization is often necessary to complete the work up.
There are many potential causes of blood in the urine. Often, bloody urine is from a problem in your kidneys or other parts of the urinary tract. If your kidneys, urinary tract, prostate, and genitals turn out to be fine, your doctor may check to see if you have a bleeding disorder.
Kidney and urinary tract causes include:
- Kidney or bladder stones
- Infection of the bladder (especially if chronic and recurrent), kidney, or urethra (tube that empties urine from the bladder to the outside)
- Inflammation of the bladder, urethra, or kidney (called glomerulonephritis)
- Cancer of the bladder or kidney
- Trauma to the kidney, fractured pelvis, or recent procedure somewhere in the urinary tract like catheterization, circumcision, surgery, or kidney biopsy.
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Kidney failure (acute or chronic)
- Kidney disease following strep throat, called post-stretococcal glomerulenephritis; this is a classic cause of blood in the urine in children
Causes from blood disorders include:
- Bleeding disorders (such as hemophilia)
- Sickle cell disease
- Blood clot in the kidneys
- Low numbers of platelets
- Medications including blood thinners (like warfarin)
Treatment for blood in the urine depends on the underlying cause found on evaluation by your doctor.
Call your health care provider if
Blood in the urine should never be ignored. Tell your doctor about this symptom and get an appropriate evaluation, especially if you have unexplained weight loss, burning with urination, frequent urination, or urgent urination.
Call your doctor right away if:
- You have fever, nausea, vomiting, shaking chills, or pain in your abdomen, side, or back.
- You are unable to urinate.
- You are passing blood clots.
Also call your doctor if:
- You have pain with sexual intercourse or heavy menstrual bleeding. The problem may be related to your reproductive organs.
- You have dribbling, nighttime urination, or difficulty starting your urinary flow. The problem may be related to your prostate.
What to expect at your health care provider’s office
Your doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical examination. Medical history questions may include:
- When did you first notice blood in your urine?
- What is the underlying color of your urine?
- Do you have any pain with urination?
- Has the quantity of your urine increased or decreased?
- Does your urine have an odor?
- Are you urinating more frequently?
- Do you have an urgent need to urinate?
- What medications are you taking, including over the counter drugs?
- Have you recently eaten foods that may cause discoloration, like beets, berries, or rhubarb?
- Do you have any other symptoms like pain in your back, abdomen, or side? Fever, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea? Nighttime urination? Dribbling? Discharge from penis or vagina? Pain with intercourse?
- Have you had previous urinary problems or kidney problems?
- Do you have any allergies?
- Have you had a recent injury?
- Have you had any recent diagnostic or surgical procedures involving the urinary tract?
Diagnostic tests that may be performed include:
- Blood studies such as a CBC, blood differential, C3, and creatinine
- Urine culture
- 24-hr Urine collection for creatinine, protein, calcium
- Tests for strep
- Tests for lupus
- Tests for sickle cell, bleeding problems, and other blood disorders
- Kidney biopsy
- X-rays of the kidneys
- Abdominal ultrasound
- CT scan of the abdomen
The treatment will depend on the cause of the blood in the urine. If a urinary tract infection is confirmed, antibiotics may be prescribed. If appropriate, pain medications will be administered.
by Armen E. Martirosyan, M.D.
All ArmMed Media material is provided for information only and is neither advice nor a substitute for proper medical care. Consult a qualified healthcare professional who understands your particular history for individual concerns.
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When a cell or host is defined as permissive in virology, it refers to the fact that the virus is able to circumvent host defenses and is able to replicate. Usually this occurs when the virus has modulated one or several of the host cellular intrinsic defenses, and the host immune system. The permissive state of a host has now been determined to be the primary factor in determining whether a virus will cause pathological symptoms in a host.〔N.J. Dimmock et al. "Introduction to Modern Virology, 6th edition." Blackwell Publishing, 2007.〕
== Susceptible ''versus'' permissive ==
The significance between the difference of the two has now been elucidated with study of the rabbit-lethal myxoma virus. Many species of rabbit cells in culture (without the presence of any antiviral defenses that would normally be in a host) can be infected by the myxoma virus, causing infection and cell death. However, inoculation of the myxoma virus in many species of rabbit shows that only one species of rabbit is affected, the rest being completely unharmed by the virus (lack of even viral shedding). This has been determined to be a result of the myxoma virus's inability to suppress other species' interferon expression, and hence resulting in the interferon in turn suppressing the myxoma virus.
This is a result of the positive susceptibility of many species of rabbit's cells, but negative permissibility of all but one of the rabbit species' cells.〔Nash P. et al. "Immunomodulation by viruses: the myxoma virus story." Immunol Rev. 1999 Apr;168:103-20.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
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In this week’s WCMR ‘Research in Progress’ meeting, we heard from Dr Viviana De Luca. The purpose of her research project is to identify and characterise natural compounds that promote the production of new mitochondria within cells, a process known as ‘mitochondrial biogenesis’. Here, Viviana tells us more.
The purpose of the project I am involved in is to produce, purify and identify bioactive natural compounds that can promote mitochondrial biogenesis. This is important as it could lead to improvements in mitochondrial function and new potential therapies for mitochondrial disease.
The project, headed by Dr Oliver Russell, is in collaboration with companies based in the UK and internationally. Using the high-throughput imaging facility within Newcastle University, we have been able to screen thousands of compounds belonging to DEMURIS Ltd and have found some interesting active compounds that we are going to purify and identify.
Briefly, the extracts produced by Streptomyces strains belonging to the DEMURIS strains library have been analyzed by a combined high-throughput screening method and fluorescent cell sorting. The strains that have been identified as producing active molecules are selected and a large-scale fermentation is carried out to in order to purify and identify the active molecule through mass spectrometry.
We hope these natural compounds will be used to treat patients with mitochondrial disease in the future.
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In this application example, we demonstrate how we can adjust the position of one pneumatic actuator with our flexible positioning unit, FPU, and use the feedback signal to control the other actuator, effectively making it a slave of the other. This type of setup can be useful when it is important that parallel actuators move simultaneously. Which delay do you get? typically 10 mS.
A water level is used to demonstrate the alignment precision. We made this example for a customer that want to use one actuator as master and three actuators as slaves.
Watch the video on our Youtube-Channel:
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By: Elizabeth Townsend, RN
People are social beings. With COVID-19 introducing social distancing guidelines and restrictions on visitations, social isolation and loneliness are increasing. A report referenced by JAMA discussed the need for solutions for social isolation and loneliness in older adults. There is significant documentation that social isolation and loneliness are related to a higher rate of major mental and physical illnesses, including:
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks
More depression and anxiety
An increased risk of dementia
According to the National Institute on Aging, people who participate in worthwhile activities with others tend to live longer and have a sense of purpose.
Assessing seniors for isolation and loneliness
COVID-19 has made it difficult for seniors to participate in:
Exercising in groups
Social programs at senior centers
Home health clinicians assess patients for social isolation and loneliness. Asking patients about their social needs is important to identify who needs assistance, easing isolation and loneliness. The home health agency provides tools or guidelines with questions for the clinicians to ask. Examples of questions to ask:
Do you feel you have no friends or loved ones?
Are you lonely?
How are you staying active?
5 ways to relieve isolation and loneliness
After assessing and finding that your patient is suffering from social isolation, consult with their caregivers and healthcare team —specifically the agency’s social worker—to find ways to relieve their isolation. Daily Caregiving suggests some ways to help:
Encourage a sense of purpose. Suggest activities such as knitting blankets and caps for newborns at a local hospital, making masks for healthcare workers or family members, or writing letters to their grandchildren to encourage them. Allow the patient to have a responsibility, such as taking care of a plant or dog. This would be giving them a meaningful purpose.
Encourage interaction. Encourage interaction with others via phone, computer, or if in person, socially distant, wearing a mask.
Encourage physical activity. Take Into account the patient’s physical ability. They can do gentle exercises such as walking, stair-climbing, yoga, or group exercises via computer. If they cannot get out of bed or are not able to walk, find appropriate activities. Consult with the physical therapy team who can provide resources for exercises for those with limitations.
Assess the food they are eating. Encourage fiber-rich foods like fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Consult with community services such as food banks, churches, or meal delivery services.
Show them they are loved. Find ways to show that they are loved and needed. Listen to what they have to say. Encourage family members, if they are in the home also, to hug the patient and talk and listen to them.
Social workers can help seniors with social isolation and loneliness
Social workers can ensure that patients have access to available resources. Local churches may have “shut-in” outreach for those unable to leave their homes. They may provide phone calls, run errands, provide food baskets, and communicate by mail with the seniors. Local library programs have online programs and can arrange to have books available for the patient to check out. The social worker can also refer the patient to transportation programs that take seniors to doctor appointments.
Encourage virtual connections for seniors
Advancing States created a resource to help reduce social isolation and loneliness.
If the patient can use a smartphone, show them how to google Earth National Park Tours so they can “visit” the parks and talk about what they saw with others via telephone or with you when you visit.
Put the patient in contact with Well Connected by Covia, who will help them participate in virtual classes, conversations, and activities by phone and computer.
There are helplines for mental and emotional support, which include:
Friendship Line by Institute on Aging- 1(800)971-0016
Happy– a free app that provides emotional support 24/7
National Alliance on Mental Illness Helpline- 1(800)950-6264
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National Helpline- 1(800)662-4357
By: Portia Wofford
Home health clinicians play an essential role in caring for patients who are:
At risk of developing sepsis
Recovering from sepsis or septic shock
Home health providers are vital in preventing hospital admissions and readmission among sepsis patients. According to the CDC, sepsis is the body’s extreme response to an infection. It is a potentially life-threatening medical emergency.
Many patients receiving home healthcare services have chronic medical conditions and comorbidities that put them at risk for infection, including COVID-19 and sepsis. According to the Global Sepsis Alliance, COVID-19 can cause sepsis. Research suggests that COVID-19 may lead to sepsis due to several reasons, including:
Direct viral invasion
Presence of a bacterial or viral co-co-infection
Age of the patient
According to Homecare Magazine, approximately 80% of people with COVID-19 will have a mild course and recover without hospitalization. The remaining 20% of patients with COVID-19 may develop sepsis and be admitted. Patients with severe illness will need home health care.
A study published in Medical Care by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) suggests that when strategically implemented, home health care can play an essential role in reducing hospital readmissions for patients recovering from sepsis. According to Home Health Care News, the study points out that sepsis survivors who were less likely to return to the hospital if they:
Received a home health visit within 48 hours of hospital discharge
Had at least one additional visit and
Had physician visit within their first week of discharge
Home health care can contribute to early detection of sepsis
Early detection is critical. For each hour treatment initiation is delayed after diagnosis, the mortality rate increases 8%. Home health nurses can monitor and educate patients and their caregivers on signs and symptoms to report to include. Additionally, home healthcare agencies can provide screening tools that fill the gaps in identifying at-risk patients during transitions from inpatient to outpatient settings.
Home health provides case management for chronic comorbidities
Some comorbidities like Type 2 Diabetes, chronic heart disease, and dementia were associated with sepsis risk in almost all infection types. Those with other chronic illnesses, cancer, and an impaired immune system are also at increased risk. Monitoring can help reduce risks.
Nurses can review and coordinate care to adjust medications, evaluate treatments and interventions, and refer for appropriate treatment.
When it comes to serious complications, our sepsis program effectively:
Prevents infections that can lead to sepsis
Recognizes sepsis symptoms before they become severe
Rapidly responds if sepsis symptoms occur by initiating appropriate treatments and referrals
Follows-up with care to ensure continued recovery
Abode’s sepsis program promotes quality of care and improves outcomes for those at risk for developing or recovering from sepsis.Pandemic Relief via legislation, CMS waivers, and enforcement discretion
CMS permits HHAs to provide all necessary telehealth during the emergency period
Must be physician-ordered and on the plan of care
Does not replace in-person visits (telehealth or telephonic visits are not billable visits)
Allows for HHA to supplement in person visits for patients who might refuse more frequent visits or senior living or other congregate living facilities that might be restricting access to HHA personnel.
The Home Health Face to Face visit may also be provided by telehealth but must be performed utilizing 2-way audio and visual programs.
In an effort to protect patients, some SNF, LTC, hospice, and other facilities are limiting the number of visits that Abode Healthcare staff may make to patients in their care. Some patients are even requesting fewer in-person visits to reduce their exposure to the outside world.
Abode Healthcare understands and joins in these protection measures by offering telehealth visits. In some cases where access has been limited or is desired, Abode staff are utilizing telehealth on a weekly or bi-weekly basis in order to maintain contact with high-risk patients.
In all cases, telehealth visits are meant to be supplementary to in-person patient visits. Telehealth visits should not replace in-person visits altogether.
Our commitment, as always, is to serve our patients as best we can. Our clinical team has been trained in effective ways to utilize telehealth systems to streamline patient care through our own remote access system using the following tools:
Phone: Abode Healthcare staff may conduct remote visits with patients through phone calls.
Video: Abode Healthcare staff may conduct remote visits with patients through Doxy.me. (All F2F between NPs or MDs, DOs must be done through a 2-way type of technology. This is for both HH and Hospice)
me can be utilized via tablets or phone and has been selected by Abode due to the ease of use for both the clinician and the patient/family/caregiver as well as its ability to capture/validate that the tele visit occurred, and its security features.
Though telehealth is never our first choice, it is the right choice during this time. Abode Healthcare continues to partner with providers to preserve the health and wellbeing of all of our patients.
CMS clarification on homebound status for COVID-19 patients and those at high risk of contracting:
Non-Physician Home Health Certification Authority
Allows patient to be under the care of an NPP to the extent permitted under state law
CMS utilizing discretionary authority not to enforce rules
Must also check state HHA licensure for any barriers to implement
CARES Act makes this relief permanent, but CMS needs to implement
For more information, contact Jon Wilder.Promoting Independence in Senior with In-Home Health Care
Independence is an important aspect in helping a person determining their self-worth. As people, we start off as children who need help just getting from place to place, then teenagers who just need financial aid to support them, and then eventually into full-fledged adults that function for the most part on their own. But as people reach their later stage of adulthood, it becomes apparent that it’s harder for them to maintain this level of independence. Seniors often feel like having in-home care is the end of their independence, but this is far from the case.
While it’s not always easy to admit, sometimes it’s necessary to recognize that as a senior, some extra care and attention might need to be administered by someone else. But just acknowledging this fact is a sign that you’re aware that such care can actually enhance your independence as you age. These in-home care professionals can provide interactions with their patients and give them the help that they need to stay healthy and stimulated. In addition to this, there are few things to remember that will prolong the independent stage of a senior’s life.
Stay physically active
Doing small tasks around the house or community like gardening, walking, stretching, and housekeeping are all ways to keep the body stimulated and prevent it from aging prematurely. Always make sure to listen to your doctor and your body though when doing physical activities to ensure that you don’t strain yourself unnecessarily.
So many changes often occur at the senior stage of life, so it’s important for them to have some sort of routine. A fun way to do this is to have a scheduled time to hang out with friends and family to ensure that love and laughter continue in a consistent manner while things around them begin to change.
Stay mentally stimulated
A lack of activity and stimulation of the brain is often what drives most seniors into being more forgetful people. Just something as simple as crosswords and Sudoku puzzles can be enough to give the brain a metaphorical jog to keep it in shape and keep the person on the right track to longevity.
These are just simple aspects that can help individuals maintain that individuality on their own. However, in addition to these practices, in-home healthcare like that which is provided by Abode Hospice and Home Health can almost guarantee a stronger and more independent individual as they experience this new phase of their life.
Abode Hospice & Home Health supports that our patients have the right to determine their own goals of care during the final stages of their illness. We focus on comfort, support, quality of life, and education.
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What is a veterinary specialist?
A veterinary specialist is a veterinarian who has completed additional training in a specific area of veterinary medicine and has passed an examination that evaluates their skills in that specialty area. A board-certified specialist in veterinary emergency and critical care is dedicated to dealing with life-threatening emergencies as well as managing the critically ill pet. Additional training of a board-certified specialist in veterinary emergency and critical care involves graduation from a recognized veterinary school, followed by 4 or more additional years of intense training in emergency medicine and critical care. An emergency and critical care specialist’s expertise compliments that of your primary veterinarian. You may be referred to a board-certified specialist in veterinary emergency and critical care if your veterinarian determines that your pet requires specialized equipment and/or expertise. This is similar to when your family doctor refers you to a specialist for further testing or treatment.
A board-certified specialist in veterinary emergency and critical care is trained to provide life-saving interventions and therapy for the sick pet. This is accomplished by working with a highly trained group of people in a facility that is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The emergency and critical care specialist stays in touch with your primary veterinarian while your pet is hospitalized, as well as during follow up appointments, to ensure the best team approach for your pet’s medical care. A board-certified specialist in veterinary emergency and critical care is a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (DACVECC). You can find out if a veterinarian is an emergency and critical care specialist by looking on our website where all emergency and critical care specialists are listed by geographical location.
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NAD+ or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is one of the most important coenzymes found in all living cells. A chemical reaction occurs at the cellular level using NAD+ in a fundamental biological process that makes cellular life possible. You could live for a few minutes without oxygen, however without NAD+, you would die in a matter of seconds. NAD+ is important for ATP function which is how cells get energy. NAD+, in the oxidized form, uses hydrogen to produce a reduced form call NADH. NAD+ has been found to be very important in scientific research in mice; and has shown to repair damaged DNA, reduce aging and promote longevity. Dr. David Sinclair, a Harvard PhD, has studied NAD+ for many years. Intravenous NAD+ has multiple therapeutic benefits.
Exosomes are micro-vesicles (30-150 nm) that are important in human cellular communication. They are involved in direct cell signaling. Exosomes can be produced from donated human mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs). However, Exosomes are not stem cells, rather are micro-vesicles that contain no nucleus or DNA; but do contain growth factors and cytokine. They may be regarded as the purest form of cellular therapy available because their primary function is to direct tissue and wound healing by activating the patient’s own regenerative cell response. On average, patients will see the effects and experience potential relief within 4 weeks of the initial treatment. Many patients with pain, inflammation, or degenerative disease, experience significant improvement after a single treatment. Exosomes can be delivered by various injection protocols.
High-dose vitamin C
Vitamin C is perhaps one of the most popular supplements used to protect against infection and to stimulate the immune system. Vitamin C supports the function of various immune cells and their ability to protect against infection. Intravenous high-dose vitamin C can range between 5000 mgs to 200,000 mg per day depending on what you are trying to achieve. Vitamin C helps to protect against damage induced by oxidative stress and the accumulation of free radicals. Oxidative stress can have a negative effect on the immune system and any other disease processes. High-dose vitamin C has been shown to significantly improve symptoms in people with severe infections including sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndromes resulting from viral infections.
Alpha Lipoic Acid
Alpha Lipoic Acid has powerful antioxidant properties. Antioxidants find damaged and free radical cells in the body which have developed from environmental toxins, stress, inflammation, aging and other disease processes. Some of the benefits of intravenous Alpha Lipoic Acid include lowering blood sugar levels, reducing inflammation, slowing skin aging, decreasing or slowing memory loss, and improving nerve function. Some studies have also shown that Alpha Lipoic Acid may also help with weight loss.
Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that is made naturally in the body’s cells. However, the level of Glutathione decreases because of aging, stress and toxin exposures. Intravenous Glutathione can reduce oxidative stress. Glutathione may improve psoriasis by helping with inflammation and improve blood sugar regulation. Glutathione may also improve circulation in people with peripheral vascular diseases and help with the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. In general, Glutathione helps fight against autoimmune diseases and may also reduce respiratory disease symptoms.
L-carnitine is a nutrient and dietary supplement. It is particularly important in the production of energy by transporting fatty acids into your cell’s mitochondria. Intravenous L-carnitine may help to increase the mitochondrial function which is important in fighting disease and promoting healthy aging. It has been shown to possibly help with weight loss as a dietary supplement. In studies it has been shown to improve muscle function. Some of the other benefits of L-carnitine are increased brain function, improved cardiovascular function, and in managing type 2 diabetes.
L-lysine (or Lysine) is an essential amino acid which is necessary to be supplemented because the body cannot make lysine. Intravenous supplemental lysine can improve cold sores, reduce blood pressure and prevent symptoms of lysine deficiency. Lysine helps the body absorb calcium, iron and zinc. A lack of lysine can produce fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, nausea, red eyes, hair loss, anorexia, anemia, and problems with the reproductive system. Lysine may help with the herpes virus that produces cold sores. Lysine can help prevent the loss of lean muscle mass, relieve anxiety, help with osteoporosis, promote healthy skin growth, and helps shingles. It can also help to moderate blood pressure, improve hair growth, and helps muscle recover from intense exercise workouts.
Myers Cocktail-vitamin B complex
Myers Cocktail contains B vitamins such as B6 and B12, nicotinamide, thiamine, riboflavin, magnesium chloride, calcium gluconate and vitamin C. Intravenous Myers cocktail may help with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and acute muscle spasm.
Zinc can help to boost the immune system and is essential for the immune system to function adequately. Intravenous zinc helps the immune system to fight against viral infection. This is important for infections such as pneumonia. Zinc can also help with respiratory tract infections such as the common cold. The use of zinc has been shown to be beneficial to help treat symptoms of the Coronavirus.
Branch Chain Amino Acid-(BCAA)
Branch Chain Amino Acids include isoleucine, leucine, and valine. Several culture studies show that branch chain amino acids are absolutely essential for lymphocytes to synthesize protein, RNA and DNA and to divide in response to stimulation. Intravenous BCAA has been shown to improve immunity by supporting and enhancing the immune system response to diseases.
Branch Chain Amino Acids can improve muscle loss associated with aging. The aging skeletal muscle loses the ability to respond to anabolic stimuli, including insulin and to a lesser extent, amino acids. Older muscles can still create an anabolic response to the administration of Branch Chain Amino Acid given intravenously.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient essential to the health and functioning of your immune system. Vitamin D supplements can be given orally or by intramuscular injection. Vitamin D enhances the pathogen-fighting effects of monocytes and macrophages — white blood cells that are important parts of your immune defense — and decreases inflammation, which helps promote immune response.
Deficiency of this important vitamin may negatively affect immune function. In fact, low Vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections, including influenza and allergic asthma. Studies have shown that vitamin D supplements may improve response to antiviral treatments in people with certain infections, including Hepatitis C and HIV.
Based upon blood levels, dosage may range from 1,000 and 4,000 IU of supplemental Vitamin D per day and is sufficient for most people, although those with more serious deficiencies often require much higher levels.
Patients from countries with high COVID-19 mortality rates, such as Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, had lower levels of Vitamin D compared to patients in countries that were not as severely affected, according to one study conducted by Northwestern University.
Be careful not to take too much Vitamin D without doing blood work because it can be toxic at very high levels without monitoring. It is recommended that you consult your physician first for proper dosing.
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The recent finding that infants don’t learn language well from instructional videos — especially the sorts typically bought by enthusiastic grandparents — has received a great deal of coverage in the popular press (e.g., Melbourne Herald Sun, Newsweek, Seatle Post Intelligencer).
One of the more interesting responses I saw was published in The Sunday Times. It’s by a concerned father, wondering what Psychology can do to help parents (and governments) encourage their children to be all they can be. He starts by posing an important question:
what exactly is a gifted child?
To find an answer, our author travelled to the University of Warwick for the biennial conference of the World Council for Gifted and Talented Children; he wanted to talk to the experts in the field. Yet he was disappointed by the experience.
Only at a conference full of clever academics would nobody dare make a definition. “There is no single, internationally agreed definition of what a gifted child is,” said conference chair-woman Professor Deborah Eyre. Another professor told me that gifted was nothing more than a “culturally relative term, the Canadian Inuit people have no concept of the gifted”.
“Yeah, well thanks for that,” I said, “I’ll make sure I don’t send my kid to an Inuit school.”
Eventually I managed to piece together a definition of what a gifted child was: they’re the ones who perform at the top end of the ability range – or have the potential to.
This conclusion makes “giftedness” sound a lot like “intelligence.” (Given that there are lots of domains in which one can be “gifted,” the leap to a theory of “multiple intelligences” then becomes rather obvious.) But that’s not what I want to focus on here. Instead, let’s first get the notion straight: What has it meant, in the history of psychology, for a child to be gifted?
Once we’ve answered this, we will be much better prepared to contribute to discussions regarding which teaching strategies might enable our children to reach their “full potential.”
General Histories of Giftedness.
- Carroll, K. L. (1987). History, ideas and the nature of giftedness in the visual arts. Roeper Review, 9(3), 140-143.
Proposes that key ideas that have led more than 50 yrs of research and practice constitute a valid gestalt for thinking about the nature of giftedness and the visual arts. N. C. Meier’s (1939) theory of interlinkage is discussed, along with the evolution of his 6 factors: manual skill, energy output and perseveration, aesthetic intelligence, perceptual facility, creative imagination, and aesthetic judgment.
- González, F. H. (2005). La obra psicológica de Mercedes Rodrigo en torno a los superdotados. / Mercedes Rodrigo on gifted intelligence. Revista de Historia de la Psicología, 26(4), 139-164.
Intelligence tests began to be elaborated and applied in Spain with different purposes in the 1920’s. We study here some psychotechnical tests created or adapted by Mercedes Rodrigo (1891-1982), the first Spanish woman psychologist, while she was working at the Psychotechnical Institute of Madrid. These tests were conceived for their application in primary and pre-professional schools. The most original of these tests, as well as that endowed with wider possibilities of application, was a test for the gifted that was designed in collaboration with José Germain. The purpose of this test was to select low-class gifted children in order to provide them with higher education. Underlying all this work, a widely shared feeling at the time can be recognized: the feeling of the need of reforming Spanish society and contributing to its democratization and general advancement, while the country’s industrialization was taking place.
- Grinder, R. E. (1990). Sources of giftedness in nature and nurture: Historical origins of enduring controversies. Gifted Child Quarterly, 34(2), 50-55.
Examines events that influenced the 1928 yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Nature and Nurture: Their influence on intelligence. Probable bases are reviewed for rapprochement among contemporary proponents who argue for the primacy of nature or who call for emphasis on nurture.
- Hunsaker, S. L. (1995). The gifted metaphor from the perspective of traditional civilizations. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 18(3), 255-268.
Reviews information from ancient and classic cultures (Western and non-Western) relating to beliefs about the sources of giftedness. The author traces the nature of the “gifted” metaphor that implies that exceptionally promising abilities or aptitudes are inherited, acquired, or given from some source. These beliefs are used to discuss the present concept of gifted individuals and the attitudes people have about serving this population in the school setting. Five themes are identified that should be considered by those who deal with problems in gifted education. These themes are (1) diversity of gifts, (2) source of giftedness, (3) development of gifts, (4) distribution of gifts, and (5) attitudes toward giftedness.
- Kiss, G. (1989). Kokeellisen psykologian alkuvaiheet Unkarissa 1920-1940. / The beginnings of experimental psychology in Hungary. Psykologia, 24(3), 201-204.
Discusses the theoretical bases and early development and practice of experimental psychology in Hungary from 1920 to 1940. The contributions of 3 people are emphasized: P. Ranschburg, who conducted research on memory and perception and was a significant figure in the development of special education in Hungary; G. Revesz, who studied the psychological development of gifted and talented children; and L. Nagy, a founder of child psychology and pedagogical psychology in Hungary.
- Marcos, F. S. & Tojo, C. P. (2003). Quién es superdotado?. / Who is highly gifted?. EduPsykhé: Revista de Psicología y Psicopedagogía, 2(1), 3-25.
There have been many definitions, across the history, about what means to be gifted. From the first Galton’s definitions, resting on psychometric correlations and concerning with intelligence as measured, to the current global and integral definitions that include many different factors. Nevertheless, it seems that the giftedness field is still spread. In this paper we present a Dimensional Analysis made through a wide review of bibliography and working with a hundred of variables that seem to define giftedness. Our main goal is to establish an evolutional and chronologically hierarchical organization of the factors that play a role in the giftedness definition. The result of the analysis is very interesting not just at theoretical level, but always for its importance for educational practice.
- Stanley, J. C. (1976). Concern for intellectually talented youths: How it originated and fluctuated. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 5(3), 38-42.
Reviews the history of the study of intellectually talented persons. The work of F. Galton, A. Binet and L. M. Terman and more recent researchers clearly demonstrates the need to reorganize public education systems to provide for those students who are exceptional in one or more areas of ability. A program for mathematically gifted youth illustrates what has been achieved with this type of precocious child.
- Fei, Z. (2004). The Past and Present of Studies on Perfectionism. Psychological Science (China), 27(4), 943-945.
Perfectionism, an important diagnostic standard of DSM-III, is viewed as being associated with a variety of psychological problems. However, there has long been a lack of an accurate definition of perfectionism and quantitative studies. From 1980s on, in the fields of clinic psychology and gifted and creative education of Western countries, perfectionism has increasingly been regarded as a personality trait that is closely related to mental health and creativity and has multiple dimensions and aspects. The present article traces back to the origin of the studies on perfectionism, introduces the development and the present situation of this field.
Conceptions of Giftedness in Education.
- Adderholdt-Elliot, M., Algozzine, K., Algozzine, B., & Haney, K. (1991). Current state practices in educating students who are gifted and talented. Roeper Review, 14(1), 20-23.
Investigated historical perspectives, definitional use, and identification practices reported by 38 state directors of gifted education programs in the US. 58% of the directors indicated that the S. P. Marland (1972) definition was used as a guiding principle in their state’s identification practices. Regular teachers and teachers of gifted students participate in identification practices in more than 90% of the responding states. Parents or guardians participate in about 80% of the states, and school psychologists and principals participate in 60%. Teacher checklists and group achievement tests are used to identify gifted students in more than 80% of the state programs surveyed.
- Goldberg, M. L. (1986). Issues in the education of gifted and talented children: I. Roeper Review, 8(4), 226-233.
Discusses the problem in dealing with recurrent shifts in American attitudes toward gifted education from the viewpoint of a cognitive psychologist involved in the field since the Talented Youth Project of 1954. Sources of information stem from an invitation by the Australian Schools Commission to assess the state of gifted education in Australia. Focus is on the need to devise an agenda of research and study on 5 major issues: (a) support for research on the gifted/talented, (b) ambivalent attitudes regarding egalitarianism vs excellence, (c) determining talent areas, (d) standards for determining giftedness/talentedness, and (e) criteria for selection on the basis of predicted potential vs achievement. Whether determination should be via a single, universal standard or if the standards should vary according to differences in the population is discussed.
- Johnsen, S. (1986). Who are the gifted? A dilemma in search of a solution. Education of the Visually Handicapped, 18(2), 54-70.
Reviews the historical development of the concept of giftedness, education for the gifted, and needs/problems in identifying gifted children. In the early 20th century, gifted children were identified primarily by their ability to excel on tasks measured by intelligence tests; in the 1950’s, however, researchers began to recognize the limitations of intelligence tests in identifying the gifted. Recent definitions adopted by the US government and the states center on the concept of ability and its various aspects. Early special programs for the gifted focused on accelerating students through existing academic content. During the 1920’s, enrichment became the preferred practice. In the latter half of this century, programs have focused on general intellectual and academic areas. A 4-step identification process is outlined, and problems concerning talent areas, assessment procedures, subpopulations, and selection standards are discussed.
- Johnsen, S. K. & Corn, A. L. (1989). The past, present and future of education for gifted children with sensory and/or physical disabilities. Roeper Review, 12(1), 13-23.
Before the 1970s gifted children with sensory and/or physical disabilities (GCDs) were undereducated because they were not identified or served in special programs. Only a few were able to develop their gifted potential. Prevalence and characteristics of GCDs are discussed. Obstacles to the 3 stages of identification (nomination, identification, and selection) include professionals’ lack of knowledge and sensitivity regarding GCDs so that GCDs often are not nominated or considered able to have talents or gifts. Current methods of improving GCDs’ access to appropriate programs include adaptation of formal tests and providing activities in all classrooms to develop potential talents. Several successful programs are discussed, as well as a 10-stage model that uses systematic planning of GCD programs.
- Marjoram, T. (1997). More able learners: A worm’s eye view of the last 25 years. Support for Learning, 12(2), 51-53.
Provides an overview of the education of able, or gifted, learners during the past 25 yrs. It is concluded that as we approach the millennium and the end of the “Age of Reason” and face the inevitable catastrophic implications of our current materialistic course, the aesthetic mode is critical for future planners and thinkers: the gifted children of today. Moreover, without empathetic thinking we cannot develop ethical criteria and raise standards of moral behavior. The able child today is taught intensively to distinguish between the true and the false but there seems less emphasis and ability in schools to distinguish the good and the bad. Current definitions and identification of gifted children rely largely upon tests of reasoning because these are so much easier to devise and administer than tests of aesthetic and empathetic thinking.
- Passow, A. H. (1986). Reflections on three decades of education of the gifted. Roeper Review, 8(4), 223-226.
Describes the modifications with regard to education of the gifted that were influenced dramatically by the launching of Sputnik in 1957. The paradox whereby in 3 decades so much has changed and yet so much has remained unchanged is discussed.
- Poirier, J. (1983). Bref historique de l’éducation des enfants doués et talentueux. / A brief history of the education of gifted and talented children. Apprentissage et Socialisation, 6(3), 137-145.
Describes the history of selecting and educating gifted children. Biblical, Greek, and Roman references to this question were related to the education of the elite. During the Middle Ages, education was primarily Christian, but during the Renaissance, education of gifted students assumed a secular, literary, and philosophic character. 20th-century education of the gifted has become much more systematic, particularly in the US. It is suggested that, contrary to their doctrine, Soviet and Chinese Marxists select and educate their gifted students by methods similar to the Americans (i.e., offering extracurricular enrichment activities and special classes and schools).
- Rimm, S. B. (1986). Gifted programs and instrument development: A compatible marriage. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 9(4), 277-289.
Reviews the relationship between gifted programming and instrument development in terms of both historical perspective and the personal point of view of a researcher/practitioner. The interdependence and supportive components as well as the productive offspring of the two suggest the analogy of a compatible marriage. Specific tests designed to identify gifted children are reviewed as are the changing definitions of giftedness. New definitions and ways of identifying gifted underachievers using specific instruments are discussed.
- Roweton, W. E. (1989). Enhancing individual creativity in American business and education. Journal of Creative Behavior, 23(4), 248-257.
Traces popular and professional interest in creativity (CRE) from 1950 to the present. J. P. Guilford’s (1950) factor analytic approach to human intelligence made CRE and innovation a legitimate agenda for educational research. The energy driving CRE investigations (e.g., E. P. Torrance; 1962, 1965) in the 1960s was reinvested in other research agendas in the 1970s (e.g., cognitive development research, thinking skills). By 1980, enthusiasm and programs for CRE resurfaced as gifted education. Two books, In Search of Excellence by T. Peters and R. Waterman (1983) and its sequel A Passion for Excellence by T. Peters and N. Austin (1985) have rekindled national enthusiasm about creative organizations.
- Sako, Y. & Shimizu, H. (1989). Education for “poor results and subnormal children” in Okayama Prefecture: New educational thought in the Taisho era. Japanese Journal of Special Education, 27(3), 31-43.
Studied educational theories and methods concerning ungifted and subnormal vs gifted children in the Meiji era (1868-1912) and Taisho era (1912-1926) in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Archival documents and records were analyzed with regard to manifestations of individualism and nationalism, use of IQ tests, recognition of the need for special education, and other educational goals.
- Tannenbaum, A. J. (1986). Reflection and refraction of light on the gifted. Roeper Review, 8(4), 212-218.
Presents a series of journal articles in the field of gifted education (GE) showcasing the thoughts and recollections of pioneers who have shown continuous leadership in the field over the past 30 yrs. Current problems include the meaning of differential education (DE), how to implement DE, how to locate children who need and can benefit from DE, and how to be sure of DE’s educational impact. The history of GE is traced since the advent of the Talented Youth Project in 1954 at Columbia University. The Leadership Training Institute in the early 1970’s showed that professionals can make a difference by influencing policy makers to implement statewide commitments to special education. The conclusion presents optimism about the future; although the frenzied talent hunt of the post-Sputnik years cannot be duplicated, at least the public fears of elitism that plagued the 1960’s have been pacified.
- Treffinger, D. J. & Isaksen, S. G. (2005). Creative Problem Solving: The History, Development, and Implications for Gifted Education and Talent Development. Gifted Child Quarterly, 49(4), 342-353.
This article presents a summary of research, development, and applications of Creative Problem Solving (CPS) in educational settings and, more specifically, in gifted education. The CPS framework is widely known and applied as one important goal in contemporary gifted education, as well as in relation to initiatives for “teaching thinking” in the broader context of general education. This article traces the history and evolution of the CPS framework through more than five decades of research, development, and practical application. We describe and discuss the specific changes in the model over time, as well as their rationale and foundations. We discuss the implications of changes within the CPS framework for teaching and learning; our purpose is not to compare or contrast CPS with other perspectives on creativity from psychology, cognitive science, or management. Finally, we present implications of contemporary CPS for instruction and assessment in gifted education.
- Fagan, T. K. & Delugach, F. J. (1984). Literary origins of the term, “school psychologist.”. School Psychology Review, 13(2), 216-220.
Examines the early literature related to school psychology to show the earliest uses of the term school psychologist by authors such as A. Gesell (1918, 1919) and W. Stern (1910, 1911, 1912) and to illustrate the early history of the discipline in the personality assessment and mental testing of gifted and handicapped children.
- Myers, R. S. & Pace, T. M. (1986). Counseling gifted and talented students: Historical perspectives and contemporary issues. Journal of Counseling & Development, 64(9), 548-551.
Traces the development of counseling gifted and talented students, focusing on the contributions of L. M. Terman, L. S. Hollingsworth, P. Witty, and R. Strang. Recent major contributors, counseling programs, ideas, and trends are documented. Contemporary issues concerning the counseling of the gifted are summarized, including factors that may have contributed to the neglect of this population in the past, and the special counseling needs of gifted students are identified.
On Leta Stetter Hollingworth.
- Klein, A. G. (2000). Fitting the school to the child: The mission of Leta Stetter Hollingworth, founder of gifted education. Roeper Review, 23(2), 97-103.
Discusses the achievements of L. S. Hollingworth regarding the teaching of gifted children. Born in Nebraska in 1886, Hollingworth was a psychologist, educator, and feminist. She was profoundly gifted. She smiled, imitated others, crawled, and used language far earlier than the average child, and she exhibited Dabrowskian overexcitabilities throughout her life. She is most remembered as the founder of gifted education. In 1922, Hollingworth initiated the Public School 165 Experiment, a 3-yr longitudinal study of gifted children in New York City. The collected data was a rich source for scholars. In 1936, Hollingworth initiated the Speyer School Experiment to teach gifted students using newly developed, student-centered curricula. The issues she identified and addressed are the very issues that continue to be debated and pondered in the profession, which include: identification of the gifted, the value of acceleration and enrichment programs, and mainstreaming issues.
On Lewis Terman.
- Cravens, H. (1992). A scientific project locked in time: The Terman Genetic Studies of Genius, 1920s-1950s. American Psychologist, 47(2), 183-189.
Lewis M. Terman is well-known in the history of American psychology for the Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon intelligence tests and the Genetic Studies of Genius project. The same assumptions informed the genius project and Terman’s work in intelligence testing: the notion of the fixity of the IQ at birth and the maturation theory. According to the maturation theory, individuals developed only within the range of differences made possible by the genetic endowment of the “group” (natural, cultural, or both) to which they belonged. In this article the historicity and nonuniversality of Terman’s work is discussed.
- Hegarty, P. (2007). From genius inverts to gendered intelligence: Lewis Terman and the power of the norm. History of Psychology, 10(2), 132-155.
The histories of “intelligence” and “sexuality” have largely been narrated separately. In Lewis Terman’s work on individual differences, they intersect. Influenced by G. Stanley Hall, Terman initially described atypically accelerated development as problematic. Borrowing from Galton, Terman later positioned gifted children as nonaverage but ideal. Attention to the gifted effeminate subjects used to exemplify giftedness and gender nonconformity in Terman’s work shows the selective instantiation of nonaverageness as pathological a propos of effeminacy, and as ideal a propos of high intelligence. Throughout, high intelligence is conflated with health, masculinity, and heterosexuality. Terman’s research located marital sexual problems in women’s bodies, further undoing possibilities for evaluating heterosexual men’s practices as different from a normative position. Terman’s research modernized Galton’s imperialist vision of a society led by a male cognitive elite. Psychologists continue to traffic in his logic that values and inculcates intelligence only in the service of sexual and gender conformity.
- Janos, P. M. (1986). The socialization of highly intelligent boys: Case material from Terman’s correspondence. Journal of Counseling & Development, 65(4), 193-195.
Examined L. M. Terman’s (published 1916-1983) letters to the parents of 42 boys with IQ’s greater than 170 and contrasted them with letters sent to parents of 42 boys with IQ’s between 135 and 159. It is noted that parents of boys with very high IQ’s were more frequently advised by Terman to restrain academic acceleration and to encourage mixing with agemates. The advice is placed in its historical context, and it is suggested that the social needs of many highly intelligent children can best be satisfied in peer groups consisting of children of similar ability and interests. A discussion of current options for jointly facilitating social and intellectual development is presented.
- Vialle, W. (1994). “Termanal” science? The work of Lewis Terman revisited. Roeper Review, 17(1), 32-38.
Suggests that Terman has been one of the most significant pioneers in gifted education, with his extensive work in intelligence testing and his longitudinal studies of gifted children. Nevertheless, recent criticism of Terman’s work has focused on the shortcomings of his work, particulary its bias against women and certain ethnic groups. While these criticisms may be warranted in the context of current understandings, this article attempts to place Terman’s conclusions in the context of his own time and space. The author concludes that, notwithstanding the unacceptability of his ideas on women and race, Terman’s work still provides an important foundation for the field of gifted education.
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If the aviation industry was a country, it’d rank among the world’s top 10 emitters of carbon dioxide (CO₂). Aviation emissions have risen by 70% since 2005 and as demand increases in wealthy and poorer countries, they’re forecast to increase by between 300% and 700% by 2050.
Arresting this incline is going to be the first step towards a sustainable system of international travel—but how could it be done? A frequent flyer tax would be relatively simple to implement however it could mean the richest can still afford to fly while the poorest are priced out.
Most plane passengers are already relatively wealthy. only eighteen of the world’s population have ever flown and in any given year, an elite 3-dimensional of the world flies. That’s about 230 million people, but flights carried four billion passengers in 2017.
So the average flyer takes eight return flights and airplanes rack up seven trillion air miles each year. Rationing might be a fairer and more effective alternative.
Every person could be allocated a max number of “flight kilometers” annually. This allowance would increase the longer a person abstained from flying. the first-year allocation would be 500km, then the following year it’d be 1,000km and would double every year. it’d take seven years to accumulate enough to fly from the UK to Australia and back.
Buying a ticket for a flight of any distance would reset the allocation rate to year one, but the kilometers saved in a “flight bank” could still be used. Anyone, not traveling could exchange their flight kilometers for money, but anyone exceeding their ration could be penalized or prohibited from flying for some time.
Expanded and improved high-speed rail lines could also replace many flights. These journeys can be as fast as airplanes in some instances and emit 90th less CO₂. Solar-powered train journeys are already a reality in Australia.
The Byron Bay Company uses solar panels on trains and platforms to power onboard batteries and exported 60,000kWh to the grid last year.
Coupling low-carbon train travel with flight rationing would limit emissions in the short term, however people are accustomed to traveling half the world in a matter of hours, typically at relatively low value. The demand won’t go away, therefore what could replace carbon-intensive air travel?
Most electric plane designs are grounded on the drawing board, however, there are some flight-ready aircraft. The world’s first all-electric commercial airliner was unveiled in Paris in June 2019.
The craft is called Alice and it carries 9 passengers for up to 650 miles (1,040km) at 10,000ft (3,000 meters) at 276mph (440km/h) on a single charged battery. It’s expected to enter service in 2022.
The fossil fuel costs of small aircraft are regarding $400 per 100 miles. For Alice, the costs are projected to be as little as $8 for the same distance, and if the electricity is from renewable energy—perhaps generated by solar panels at the airport—then the plane could be zero-carbon.
How much energy each battery can store is increasing rapidly. but there are also strategies that can make electric planes more efficient. Capacitors are lightweight batteries that can hold a large charge but only for short periods.
They could be used for takeoff—the largest energy requirement of a flight—than more traditional batteries could power the majority of the flight. Innovation could deliver mass electric flight in the next few decades, however, an alternative to fossil-fueled flight will exist in the near future.
BRING BACK THE ZEPPELIN?
For as long as humans have taken to the skies we’ve had a low carbon alternative to burning vast amounts of fossil fuels to keep us up there—balloons. The Hindenburg disaster may have condemned the industry to relative obscurity for almost a century, but it has never really gone away.
The balloons of most modern airships are filled with helium instead of the explosive hydrogen used in the Hindenburg. concentrated helium is lighter than air and once divided into gas sacks, the vessel can stay aloft if any are breached while propellers powered by flexible solar panels can facilitate navigation.
Extracting enough helium fuel will be energy-intensive and there’s a looming global shortage. Luckily, advances made since the Hindenburg currently permit airships to fly on cylinders packed with hydrogen jet fuel, which is cheaper, lighter, and relatively abundant.
Using hydrogen for fuel has become a lot safer since the 1930s—so much so that it’s now being considered for use in the home. unlike jet aircraft, once airships are aloft they don’t need lots of energy to keep them there. At that point, the energy costs become comparable with rail travel.
Airships won’t get passengers to their destinations very fast—the Hindenburg set the current record for a transatlantic crossing at just under 44 hours—but they do permit time to enjoy stunning vistas.
Think of them instead as air cruises. in the romantic era of early commercial flight, airships were expected to become “flying hotels” that could accommodate dining rooms and ballroom dances.
There’s one more option, but you might struggle to believe it’s possible within the next thirty years. Still, the materials needed to build it already exist. An orbital ring is a strong steel cable in orbit just above the atmosphere—80km above Earth. It rotates, creating forces that try to make the ring fly apart into space, while gravity tries to pull it down to Earth.
If the ring is spun at the correct speed, the 2 forces balance each other, permitting it to rotate seemingly weightlessly. A “cuff” can be built around the cable which would hold itself in place, unmoving, by magnetic repulsion. The structure would be connected to the ground by cables, with an elevator giving access to the ring in less than an hour.
Two maglev train tracks—which use magnets to move trains along without friction—on the underside of the ring and another on the outside could transport passengers at incredible speeds, reaching the other side of the world in 45 minutes.
If these options sound unrealistic, then bear in mind that our current course of expanding carbon-intensive air travel is unrealistic for avoiding catastrophic climate change. Daring ideas are one thing, we need radical action to revolutionize how we travel the world.
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Alligator snapping turtles live in freshwater areas in the southeastern United States. They generally live in the deepest water within their habitat: large rivers, canals, lakes, swamps, and rivers. Hatchlings and juveniles usually live in smaller streams. (Ernst, et al., 1994)
Alligator snapping turtles are the largest freshwater turtles in the world. They are characterized by three large, pronounced ridges that run from the front to the back of their carapace. They have powerful jaws, large heads, and are unique among snapping turtles for having eyes on the side of their heads. Alligator snapping turtles are primitive in appearance. (Conant, et al., 1992; Ernst, et al., 1994)
Alligator snapping turtle hatchlings look very similar to adults. Sex is determined by incubation temperature. Warm temperatures of 29 to 30 degrees Celsius produce 100% females, while slightly lower temperatures (25 to 27 degrees Celsius) yield predominantly males. All other temperatures allow both to develop. Eggs are fertile if they have a clear subgerminal space or if a chalky white spot is on the eggshell. (Ernst, et al., 1994; Pritchard, 1979)
During mating, male alligator snapping turtles mount the back of the female. He grasps her shell with all four feet to inseminate.
It is unlikely that females reproduce more than once a year, some females lay eggs on an alternate-year basis. These turtles mate in early spring in Florida and late spring in the Mississippi Valley. They lay eggs in a nest about two months later in a nest hole dug approximately 50 m from a body of water. All nests are dug in the sand and clutch success is highly variable. A clutch may contain 8 to 52 eggs and incubation takes 100 to 140 days. Hatchlings emerge in the fall. Sexual maturity is reached by both sexes at 11 to 13 years of age. (Ernst, et al., 1994; Pritchard, 1979)
Besides the act of mating, males invest no additional time or energy towards parenting. Once females dig a nest and lay eggs (9 to 52 per clutch), they invest no additional resources. Juvenile turtles are independent upon hatching. (Conant, et al., 1992)
Males live from 11 to 45 years with an average age of 26 years. Females live from 15 to 37 years with an average of 23 years. Alligator snapping turtles can live a very long time in captivity; the oldest known individual in captivity was 70 years old. ("The Alligator Snapping Turtle", 2007)
Alligator snapping turtles spend most of their time in the water, generally only nesting females venture on land. They are solitary and there is little social structure and no parental care. These turtles stay submerged for 40 to 50 minutes at a time and only go to the surface for air. They are so motionless under water that algae can cover their backs and make the turtles almost invisible to fish. (Ernst, et al., 1994)
A study by Riedle et al. (2006) in Oklahoma radio-tagged adult turtles, and found that they prefer areas with submerged cover (logs, overhanging shrubs, occasional beaver dens) combined with high percentage of overhead canopy. The study also suggested that turtles thermoregulate using differing stream depths seasonally. For example, they chose deeper water during midwinter and shallower water in the early summer months. (Riedle, et al., 2006)
Riedle et al. (2006) found that Oklahoma populations of alligator snapping turtles have an average linear home range of 777.8m. Females on average have a home range of 878.3m +/- 298.4m, while males on average have a home range of 481.4m +/- 227.7m. Juveniles have larger home ranges than both adult males and female. On average a juvenile turtle's home range is 1,073.3m +/- 1,015.4m. This is considerably larger than both home range size of adult makes and females. Adult turtles have been found to use submerged structures as a core feature of their home range and have been found to stay 12.3 days on average in each core home range. (Riedle, et al., 2006)
Alligator snapping turtles use chemosensory cues to locate prey items. They use gular (throat) pumping to draw water in and out to sample the surrounding water for chemicals that have been released by prey species. Adult snapping turtles use this sensory system to hunt and locate mud and musk turtles (Kinosternidae) that have buried themselves into the mud bottom of a body of water. (Punzo and Alton, 2002)
Alligator snapping turtles are both scavengers and active hunters. They are most active at night, during the day they lie quietly at the bottom of murky water and open their jaws to reveal their tongue, which looks like a small pink worm-like lure in the back of their gray mouth. The lure attracts fish, which are then either swallowed whole, sliced in two by their sharp jaws, or impaled on the sharp tips of the upper and lower jaws. Alligator snapping turtles most frequently feed on fish, molluscs and other turtles. In a Louisiana study turtles were found in the stomachs of 79.82% of all alligator snapping turtles. Myocastor coypus), squirrels, and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus), and other medium-sized mammals, including opossums (Didelphis virginianus), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus). The main source of their diet, however, seems to be fish. These turtles feed year-round by taking advantage of warm winter days to search for food in the water and along the shoreline. (Elsey, 2006; Ernst, et al., 1994; Pritchard, 1979)have been recorded eating frogs, snakes, snails, worms, clams, crayfish, insects and aquatic plants. They have even been known to eat medium-sized rodents, such as nutria (
The only known predators of adults are humans, but eggs and hatchlings are a source of food for large fish, raccoons, and birds.
Alligator snapping turtles are both major predators and opportunistic scavengers in their environment. These turtles can impact fish species as well as other turtle species due to their large food consumption, while also helping to clean up decaying organisms in their habitat. (Conant, et al., 1992)
Alligator snapping turtles play a role in freshwater ecosystems. Adults are not a source of food for any animals other than humans, but eggs and hatchlings are a source of food for large fish, racoons, and birds. Adults are important predators. Humans find them valuable for their unique appearance and their meat. (Ernst, et al., 1994)
Alligator snapping turtles have a dangerous bite, but generally don't attack humans unless provoked.
Alligator snapping turtles are threatened by human exploitation in all U.S. states, but especially in Louisiana. In 1991 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services (USFWS) nominated alligator snapping turtles as a candidate to be placed on the Endangered Species list, but the USFWS later concluded in 1999 that they did not warrant protection under the Endangered Species Act. In 2004 the state of Louisiana put a ban on the commercial harvest of (Elsey, 2006)anywhere in the state.
There is an unverified legend that a 403 lb alligator snapping turtle was found in the Neosho River in Kansas in 1937. (Ernst, et al., 1994)
Tanya Dewey (editor), Animal Diversity Web.
Matt Nichols (author), Radford University, Joseph Pruitt (author), Radford University, DD Munsey (author), Radford University, Garrett Good (author), Radford University, Beth Meyer (author), Radford University, Kelle Urban (author), Radford University, Karen Powers (editor, instructor), Radford University.
Paul DiLaura (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor.
living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico.
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.
helps break down and decompose dead plants and/or animals
an animal that mainly eats meat
flesh of dead animals.
uses smells or other chemicals to communicate
having markings, coloration, shapes, or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment; being difficult to see or otherwise detect.
animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature
A substance that provides both nutrients and energy to a living thing.
mainly lives in water that is not salty.
having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature.
the state that some animals enter during winter in which normal physiological processes are significantly reduced, thus lowering the animal's energy requirements. The act or condition of passing winter in a torpid or resting state, typically involving the abandonment of homoiothermy in mammals.
offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes).
marshes are wetland areas often dominated by grasses and reeds.
having the capacity to move from one place to another.
specialized for swimming
the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.
active during the night
reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body.
an animal that mainly eats fish
the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males, each of which also pairs with several different females.
breeding is confined to a particular season
remains in the same area
reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female
a wetland area that may be permanently or intermittently covered in water, often dominated by woody vegetation.
that region of the Earth between 23.5 degrees North and 60 degrees North (between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle) and between 23.5 degrees South and 60 degrees South (between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle).
uses sight to communicate
2007. "Alligator Snapping Turtle" (On-line). National Geographic. Accessed August 22, 2007 at http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/alligator-snapping-turtle.html.
2007. "Smithonian National Zoological Park" (On-line). Reptile and Amphibians; Facts Sheet. Accessed August 28, 2007 at http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/ReptilesAmphibians/Facts/FactSheets/Alligatorsnappingturtle.cfm.
Division of Scientific Authority United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The Alligator Snapping Turtle. 10-21-RR267-154. Aiken, SC: Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. 2007.
Chicago Zoological Society, 2007. "Brookfield Zoo Feild Guide" (On-line). Accessed September 04, 2007 at http://www.brookfieldzoo.org/pagegen/htm/fix/fg/fg_body.asp?sAnimal=Alligator+snapping+turtle.
Conant, R., R. Stebbins, J. Collins. 1992. Peterson First Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians. New York, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Elsey, R. 2006. Food Habits of Macrochelys temminckii (Alligator Snapping Turtle) From Arkansas and Louisiana. Southeastern Naturalist, 5: 443-452.
Ernst, C., R. Barbour, J. Lovich. 1994. Turtles of the United States and Canada. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Harrel, J., N. Douglas, M. Haraway, R. Thomas. 1996. Mating Behavior In Captive Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macroclemys temminckii). Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 2: 101-105.
Minton Jr., S. 2001. Amphibians & Reptiles Of Indiana. Indianapolis: Indiana Academy of Science.
Pritchard, P. 1979. Encyclopedia of Turtles. Neptune, New Jersey: T.F.H. Publications, Inc..
Punzo, F., L. Alton. 2002. Evidence for the Use of Chemosensory Cues by the Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macroclemys temminckii, to Detect the Presence of Musk and; Mud Turtles. Florida Scientist, vol. 65/ no.2: 134-138.
Riedle, J., P. Shipman, S. Fox, D. Leslie Jr.. 2006. Microhabitat use, Home Range, and Movements of the Alligator Snapping Turtle, The Southwestern Naturalist, vol.51/ iss.1: pp.35-40., in Oklahoma.
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This final report provides the findings of the study investigating the methods and benefits of different module cooling technologies.
Solar panels spend their entire operating lives out in the sun! Yet If the operating temperature for solar panels is too high, it has a negative impact on how much electricity the module can produce. Higher operating temperatures can also shorten the lifespan of the solar panels.
In this project, the methods and benefits of different module cooling technologies were investigated. Models and simulations were used to expand on previous research to discover and improve ways for lowering operating temperatures of modules.
The project supported a desktop study at UNSW, co-sponsored by ARENA, materials manufacturer 3M Ltd and Australian Innovator 5B Pty Ltd to deliver modelling and optimisation for module and system design for lower field operating temperature.
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How you can use this image
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The Folies-Bergère was Paris’s first music hall. A magazine described its atmosphere of ‘unmixed joy’ where everyone spoke ‘the language of pleasure’. It was notorious for the access it gave to prostitutes. The barmaids, according to the poet Maupassant, were ‘vendors of drink and of love’. This picture was Manet’s last major work, exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1882. Manet knew the Folies-Bergère well. He made preparatory sketches on site, but the final painting was executed in his studio. He set up a bar and employed one of the barmaids, Suzon, to pose behind it. Manet’s picture is unsettling. An acrobat’s feet, clad in green boots, dangle in the air. The quickly sketched crowds convey the bustle of the Folies-Bergères.
A Bar at the Folies-Bergère
oil on canvas
H 96 x W 130 cm
gift from Samuel Courtauld, 1934
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The COVID-19 pandemic has made such a powerful impact on our youth that if you have children at home born between 2001 and 2007, they are now called “quaranteens,” says Dr. Daniel Bober, a local adolescent psychiatrist and addiction medicine physician. “During their teenage years, kids’ bodies are changing, and they are negotiating peer relationships,” says Bober. “And while still in need of their parents’ guidance, they are also seeking independence. This period of maturation can already be challenging, but with COVID-19 it can be even more so.” To help keep your teen safe and engaged during this time of social isolation, Dr. Bober offers suggestions below.
Maintain a routine. Structure can help restore a sense of normalcy and give teens a sense of control and comfort when the world around them is unfamiliar and different. Set up daily activities and a regular bedtime.
Monitor virtual activities. It’s important to know what your kids are exposed to. Explain that what they read or see online may not always be accurate.
Model calmness. Maintain a calm and reassuring manner during your conversations. Kids often model parent behavior.
Keep it simple. Explain that sometimes the world is unpredictable and you are there to protect and guide them. Keep an open line of communication without judgment, so they feel comfortable to speak with you.
Connect with family and friends. Even from a distance, friends and family are a support system, especially when you need to take a break to take care of yourself.
Focus on the positive. Share with your teens how scientists are working to create a vaccine to help with the virus.
Text by Juliana Accioly
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Slot is a noun that refers to an opening. It can mean a place, time, or aperture, and it is a general word for “hole” or “crack.” The earliest recorded use of slot dates to the early 14th century.
A slot is an open hole in a machine that contains coins or tokens. These coins or tokens can be used to win a prize when the slot is activated.
There are several different types of slots, each with their own characteristics. These include nudges, theme, multiple paylines, and more.
Expansion slots on a desktop computer are an important part of a desktop computer. These slots allow you to add new hardware, including additional memory, video cards, and graphics cards.
The etymology of the word slot is connected to a word in French that means “a hole” or “holes.” A slot in an airplane is a lock that allows passengers to board the plane.
It can also be a name for someone who is addicted to technology, especially gadgets. This slang term is often applied to teenage girls, though it can be a boy as well.
Slot definition: A slot fits any morpheme sequence in a given context. It can be a job opening, an interior space on a copy desk, or an assignment.
A slot can also describe an area in between the face-off circles in ice hockey. It is a scoring area that can be hit with wrist shots.
There are many ways to play slot machines, but one way that has become increasingly popular is penny slots. These machines offer low limits and the chance to win big money by betting as little as a penny per line.
These slots are great for new gamblers to practice on before they start playing with real money. However, there are some common mistakes that you should avoid when playing these games.
1. Never bet more than one pence in a single spin on a penny slot game.
Using a strategy with the penny slot is easy, but it can be difficult to figure out the right amount to bet. This is because you need to know the minimum number of lines that you have to play in order to get the machine to spin.
2. Don’t be afraid to try the ‘double up’ feature when you have small initial winnings.
3. Only bet on progressive jackpots when you’re sure you can win a big payout.
4. Avoid a slot with a high RTP (return to player) and low odds of winning.
5. Don’t play the same slot over and over again.
There are a lot of factors that go into choosing the right slot for you, including how much it pays out and its odds of winning. It’s important to understand these details before you decide to play the game for real money.
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The staff at Aluva Railway Station in Kerala is currently searching for approaches to utilize alternate parts of containers that don’t discover a place in the vertical gardens/greenhouses.
Stroll into the Aluva Railway Station in Kerala’s Ernakulam locale, and one is welcomed by a tremendous divider enlivened with pruned plants. Investigate, and one soon understands that the modest ‘pots’ are in truth made of plastic.For as far back as two months, the housekeeping staff at the railroad station have been changing over the utilized plastic containers that are discarded in the station to make bright vertical gardens on the divider.
Aluva Railway Station is one of the busiest in the state, with a normal footfall of around 25,000 a day. Normally, plastic waste was an issue for the cleaning staff. While the enterprise gathers all the loss from the station and the plastic is then sent to reusing units, Shantha, an individual from the staff, asks, “Yet there is a point of confinement to sending so much plastic waste each day, correct? So we thought of this plan to change over the plastic waste into something lovely and valuable.”
Shaiji, director of the office, clarifies how an utilized plastic contain arrives in the beautiful vertical garden.
“We get about 80 plastic containers consistently, from squander canisters and from stages. While we keep on sending the loss to the reusing unit, we now gather bottles that are not harmed and utilize them for making the garden. Thusly, we can upcycle no less than a part of the plastic waste. We cut out the upper segment of the container and utilize the lower partition. We paint them with splendid hues, after which we fill it with soil and other common manures. When we sufficiently gathered containers and we got plants from the Agriculture Department, we could set up the garden,” says Shaiji.
For Shantha, who has been working at the station for as far back as three years, her next plan is to figure out how to utilize the upper segments of the container.
“I have a few thoughts regarding that. We could utilize two of them and influence it in a jewel to shape to fill plants in it, or even place them on the ground and do likewise. We are yet to get consent for that sort of work. Once that completes, we would utilize a whole plastic container for cultivating,” Shantha says.
Two years ago, the station used discarded bottles for gardening purposes, but the initiative died down a few months later. At that time, they used the ‘bottled’ plants to create a sort of barricade on the railway track, to prevent people from crossing over to the other platform.However, with the bottles put up on strings, it did not last long. However, the staff is in no mood to give up. In the next few weeks, a net barricade will be placed, on which a similar vertical garden will come up.Not exclusively will it enable Aluva to have a ‘green station’, it is additionally anticipated that would prevent individuals from putting their lives in threat when they hop tracks.
A vertical garden is a system used to develop plants on a vertically suspended board by utilizing hydroponics. These exceptional structures can either be unattached or joined to a divider. Vertical greenhouses have been utilized since antiquated civic establishments; numerous cutting edge vertical greenery enclosures can keep going for quite a long time and give a fly of nature into the advanced business.
Vertical patio nurseries are a brilliant other option to pruned plants in the workplace space. While pruned plants have the benefit of being set anyplace, they can consume up room and require heaps of support. In any case, with vertical gardens there is just a single extensive board to keep up, and it will give a rich fly of shading to any expert condition.
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Cardiac catheterization is a procedure used to diagnose and treat certain cardiovascular conditions. During cardiac catheterization, a long thin tube called a catheter is inserted in an artery or vein in the patient’s groin, neck or arm and threaded through the patient’s blood vessels to the patient’s heart.
Using this catheter, doctors can then do diagnostic tests as part of a cardiac catheterization. Some heart disease treatments, such as coronary angioplasty and coronary stenting, also are done using cardiac catheterization.
Usually, the patient will be awake during cardiac catheterization but be given medications to help the patient relax. Recovery time for a cardiac catheterization is quick, and there’s a low risk of complications.
What is Catheterization Laboratory?
A cath lab is where tests and procedures including ablation, angiogram, angioplasty and implantation of pacemakers / ICDs are carried out. Usually the patient will be awake for these procedures. A cath lab is staffed by a team of different specialists, usually led by a cardiologist. A cath lab shouldn’t be confused with an operating theater, where the patient would have surgery such as a heart bypass operation, under a general anesthetic.
BaliMéd Hospital Cardiac Catheterization (Cath) Lab provides patients with state-of-the-art care, including:
- The only full-service cardiac cath lab in Bali
- A highly skilled team, available 24/7
- Rapid door-to-treatment time for a better chance of surviving a heart attack
- Emergency department physicians and staff with specific training in assessment of chest pain, EKG, and labs, to rapidly diagnose heart attacks
- Communication between paramedics who perform remote electrocardiograms and transmit the information to our Emergency Department before the patient arrives
The information is to be used as rough guidelines and not for medical advice.
Please consult one of our qualified healthcare specialists for an accurate diagnosis before starting on any treatment.
Get One Step Ahead of Disease
At BaliMéd Hospital, we understand the importance of early detection and timely treatment, which is why we combine world class medical care with preventive health checkups to endorse healthy living.
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Glyphosate is the most commonly sprayed herbicide in the United States. The frequency and intensity this herbicide is applied to the environment has been constantly increasing to the point where groundwater and atmosphere are becoming contaminated by Glyphosate and its metabolites. Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the most abundant and persistent metabolite of Glyphosate found in the environment as a result of Glyphosate being broken down by soil and soil microbes. At this point, nearly all living organisms have been exposed to varying levels of Glyphosate and its metabolites like AMPA. Pollinators are among the most vulnerable to these chemicals as they are foraging and storing the contaminated pollen and nectar in the hive.
Previous studies have concluded sublethal effects of Glyphosate on metabolic processes, navigation and memory of honey bees. A diet laden with Glyphosate residues also disturbs microbial gut communities in honey bees. Effects of Glyphosate exposure on honey bees requires further investigation and there is a complete lack of knowledge regarding effects of AMPA exposure on honey bees.
In a recent publication, the impact of ingested Glyphosate and AMPA on honey bee gut microbiota was assessed using genetic analysis to measure significant changes in the abundance of major gut bacteria. Bees were exposed to both Glyphosate and Nosema ceranae spores to determine if Glyphosate and the metabolite AMPA could disturb the gut microbiota and lead to pathogen development. Results indicated that Glyphosate did not enhance N. ceranae infection but did cause a significant decrease in Snodgrassella alvi, a partial decrease in Gilliamella apicola and an increase in abundance of Lactobacillus spp. AMPA did not significantly alter microbial gut communities in honey bees, nor lead to N. ceranae infection. This research confirms Glyphosate as the active chemical responsible for sublethal effects on honey bee gut microbiota, not the metabolite AMPA. Further research is required to determine if other Glyphosate metabolites disturb the gut microbiota of honey bees or if AMPA may be responsible for other sublethal effects.
Lethal and sublethal synergistic effects of a new systemic pesticide, flupyradifurone (Sivanto®), on honeybees
Many target pests are becoming resistant to insecticides currently on the market. Chemists are continually on the hunt for the next development in chemical warfare against weeds and pests in conventional agriculture. Of the new pesticides on the market, Sivanto® by Bayer is on the rise. According to Bayers website:
Sivanto® precisely targets key damaging pests while helping safeguard beneficial insects to preserve the overall health of your plants and protect your investment in your crops.
Flupyradifurone (FPF) marketed as Sivanto®, shares similar properties to harmful neonicotinoids. Both FPF and neonicotinoids are systemic, broad spectrum insecticides that affect the same target site on insects (agonists of insects nAChRs, Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) group 4). Unlike neonicotinoids, FPF can be applied while bees are foraging. FPF field tests did not show significant effects to exposed honey bees. Researchers found FPF contaminated pollen and nectar in control hives as a result of drifting bees. These “pollinator friendly” pesticides typically work as intended at no detriment to the bees unless additional pesticides are introduced, reducing the ability for pollinators to break down the pesticides and resulting in lethal and sublethal synergistic effects.
In this study, researchers assessed the synergistic effects of FPF with a common fungicide, propiconazole (PRO). Results showed increased frequency of “abnormal behavior” in honey bees after being exposed to FPF+PRO and “FPF can thus impair bee survival and behaviour at field-realistic (worst-case) doses when combined with an SBI fungicide.” FPF is likely to be introduced as a replacement for neonicotinoids. However, these results indicate that FPF may be as harmful as similar neonicotinoid compounds if combined with other pesticides like PRO. Further research will need to explore how other pesticides amplify FPF and how the synergistic effects impact pollinator health.
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In this interview, News-Medical speaks to Dr. Satchin Panda about his latest research into time-restricted eating and how it can be used to manage metabolic diseases.
What provoked your latest research into time-restricted eating?
My lab started the concept of time-restricted eating or what is now popularly called intermittent fasting. My lab studies circadian rhythm, which is the internal timetable for our body to carry out different tasks at a pre-determined time of the 24 hour day.
We found that when animals and humans eat is the most powerful way to sustain a healthy circadian rhythm. When we have a robust circadian rhythm, our body can be at optimum metabolism, physiology, and brain function. Hence, we started exploring how limiting the time of eating without any change in nutrition quality or quantity can maintain optimum health and prevent diseases.
I must emphasize that TRE does not depend on reducing calorie intake, while the term “fasting” typically means reducing calories for at least one or few days in a week. Hence, we coined the term TRF or TRE. Besides, most people with obesity or metabolic conditions, who would benefit from this approach are repelled by the word “fasting”. So, the term TRE is more acceptable.
Can you describe what intermittent fasting is and what it involves?
The term “Intermittent fasting” broadly refers to any dietary approach that involves fasting or reducing calories for one or more days in a week or month. It typically refers to alternate day fasting, 5:2 diet, periodic fasting, and so on. The scientific basis for each of these approaches overlap but are not identical. Many forms of intermittent fasting are also not recommended for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Time-restricted eating refers to a dietary practice in which people consume all of their daily calories within a consistent window of 8-10 hours every day. Unlike “intermittent fasting” (as defined in scientific papers), it does not require counting and reducing calories any day. Although there are several popular approaches to it, we have found in our research that an 8-10 hour window is acceptable to most people, and they can keep up the habit for years. The 8-10 hour window also does not trigger any adverse effects such as nausea, lightheadedness, excessive hunger, or feeling of hypoglycemia as is found in many studies where people followed a 4 or 6-hour eating window.
Although there is some suggestion that the TRE window starting early in the morning is better than that starts around noon, there is no definitive study that has compared these practices and found any significant advantage of one over the other.
Image Credit: goffkein.pro/Shutterstock.com
Can you describe how you carried out your latest research into time-restricted eating and metabolic disease?
The article is a review of the literature including some in our lab. We do Time-restricted feeding/eating research in both laboratory animals (TRF) and human clinical studies (TRE). In the laboratory, we subject mice to eat within 8-10 hours during their wakeful hours. These mice, even when given unhealthy food, remain healthy, can perform better in exercise tasks, and in some cases live longer.
In human clinical trials, we ask our participants to self-select an 8-10 hour window that works best with their lifestyle and try to eat within this window for at least 12 weeks. We measure their health through vitals and blood work before and after the intervention. (In both animal and human studies we also have control cohorts who are allowed to eat whenever they want.)
In some of our human studies, we have recruited patients with metabolic syndrome who are on medication to control their blood sugar, blood pressure, or cholesterol. Even these patients who are taking medication to manage their metabolic diseases can adopt 10-hour TRE and see further improvement in their blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol. They also feel more energetic and report restful sleep. Even if they can follow TRE for 5-6 days a week, they seem to reap many health benefits.
We have developed and deployed an academic research app “myCircadianClock” that is used in all of our clinical studies to track when people eat and through the app we also offer educational materials and guidance for people to adhere to TRE. User engagement through the app is a powerful approach to guide and monitor how people eat before the intervention and how they adopt TRE.
What did you discover?
Please see above. We also find that many (not all) individuals following TRE also inadvertently improve their nutrition quality. They tend to eat bigger breakfast (or first meal), reduce snacking, and reduce alcohol intake. This unintentional improvement in nutrition quality may further help them in reaping better health outcomes.
We have also made the “myCircadianClock” app available for anyone to download and share their habitual eating habit. From these “baseline” data we find only 10% of adults eat consistently within a window of 12 hours or less. That means almost 90% of people have the potential to adopt TRE in their lifestyle.
Image Credit: hafakot/Shutterstock.com
What other benefits does time-restricted eating have?
In both animal and human TRF/TRE studies, we also find improvement in gut health, brain health, and immune function. Many individuals with acid reflux report better gut health and reducing in the frequency of acid reflux. People sleep better; some sleep slightly longer and some get uninterrupted deep sleep. The sleep improvement may explain why some animals that are predisposed to neurodegenerative diseases also stay healthier on TRF.
Surprisingly, we find animals undergoing TRF improve their immune system so that when they are challenged with infectious agents, they mount a balanced immune response and do not die from the infection. These “other benefits” open the door for future studies to test if TRF/TRE can be a lifestyle habit to manage diseases of the gut, dementia, and infectious or autoimmune diseases.
Are there any concerns someone should take into account before starting time-restricted eating?
As I mentioned earlier, 90% of people eat for >12 hours. So, eating within a 12-hour window is somewhat safe and is a good first step for most people to practice every day. Those who have an underlying medical condition that makes it essential that they eat for more than 12 hours, should consult their doctors.
People with type 1 diabetes or those with type 2 diabetes with insulin therapy or on certain medication must consult their doctors before adopting a 10 or 8-hour TRE protocol. They may require close monitoring, medication adjustment and some may not find it easy to adopt an 8-hour TRE.
People taking any medication for other chronic conditions (blood pressure, cholesterol, inflammation, an autoimmune condition, heart condition, weight loss medications, etc) should also consult their doctors as TRE may lead to medication adjustments (typically lowering the dose or changing the meds).
Some people who are already eating healthy, in moderate quantity, and have normal healthy weight may be eager to adopt 6 or 8-hour TRE. They should watch their diet as some may inadvertently reduce total calories to a dangerously low level. Particularly for women, such low-calorie intake combined with prolonged fasting may have an adverse effect on reproductive health.
Do you believe that if more people suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease started time-restricted eating, they would be able to better manage their symptoms?
Yes, they are most likely to benefit from 10 hours TRE. But they should consult their doctors.
What are the next steps for your research?
We will continue our laboratory work to understand the genes, molecules, and cells that are affected by TRF in different organs and brain regions. This fundamental research will offer new clues to the disease conditions that can be better prevented or managed by TRF/TRE.
In humans, we will continue our collaborative clinical research on the impact of TRE on managing metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes.
We also hope more and more people with diverse backgrounds and of all ages would use our free research app – myCircadianClock – to share their daily habits and health status data. These data will help understand the barriers to TRE, who are more likely to adopt TRE, and what types of benefits they experience. These data are valuable for guiding basic and clinical studies for improving the health and performance of everyone irrespective of age, gender, work schedule, health, and socioeconomic status.
Where can readers find more information?
This website offers many educational materials in the form of blogs and links to videos.
Anyone can also give informed consent and download the app to start self-monitoring their daily habits and adopt a TRE lifestyle.
About Dr. Satchin Panda
Dr. Satchin Panda is a professor at The Salk Institute, California, where his lab works on the basic and translational research on Circadian rhythms. His research in four major areas are relevant to healthy aging.
1. His discovery of a blue light sensor in the retina has led to human-centric lighting in built environment to optimize sleep, mood, and brain function.
2. He discovered that eating within a consistent 8-12 hours, called Time-restricted eating or intermittent fasting, can prevent or reverse chronic diseases and increase healthy lifespan.
3. Circadian genomics studies in primates have identified the dosing of the majority of FDA-approved drugs can be optimized to the right time of the day to reduce adverse effects and improve efficacy.
4. Finally, his lab, along with others, has demonstrated drugs targeting circadian clock components are a multi-solving approach to treat chronic diseases, including liver disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Posted in: Thought Leaders | Medical Science News | Medical Research News | Healthcare News
Tags: Acid Reflux, Aging, Alcohol, Blood, Blood Pressure, Blood Sugar, Brain, Breakfast, Cancer, Cholesterol, Chronic, Circadian Rhythm, Dementia, Diabetes, Diet, Drugs, Efficacy, Exercise, Fasting, Food, Frequency, Genes, Genomics, Heart, Heart Disease, Hypoglycemia, Immune Response, Immune System, Inflammation, Insulin, Laboratory, Liver, Liver Disease, Metabolic Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, Metabolism, Nausea, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Nutrition, Obesity, Physiology, Reproductive Health, Research, Sleep, Syndrome, Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, Weight Loss
Emily Henderson graduated with a 2:1 in Forensic Science from Keele University and then completed a PGCE in Chemistry. She loves being able to share science with people all over the world and enjoys being at the forefront of new and exciting research.In Emily's spare time she enjoys watching true crime documentaries and reading books. She also loves the outdoors, enjoying long walks and discovering new places. She goes camping monthly and recently climbed Ben Nevis.In the future, Emily wants to have travelled all over the world, learning about new cultures. She has an extensive bucket list and is keen for new adventures!
Source: Read Full Article
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Current Sensors (CS) and Current Transducers (CTs) are used to monitor the current flowing through an electrical conductor. They generate the information needed for status and metering applications. Though people tend to use the terms ‘current sensor’ and ‘CT’ interchangeably, there are some more than subtle differences between the two terms.
So, what exactly is the difference between a Current Sensor and a Current Transducer?
Let’s start by defining the most general of all the terms: Current Sensor.
A Current Sensor is a device that senses and measures the flow of electrons, or current flow. Current sensors can be digital (switch) or analog.
A digital current sensor reads the current flowing through the conductor and uses an on/off switch to display communicate whether the current is running at the predetermined amperage set by the user. The switch can be used to control a warning light or trigger a relay to send a message to another alarm or system. A Current Switch is integrated with normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC) switch. At a preset current level (trip point) the switch will either open or close.
An analog current sensor displays the range or volume consumed, much like a speedometer in a car, and can also be used to trigger the same light, data output, etc. Whether you choose digital or analog depends on your project needs.
Applications: Current sensors are perfect for monitoring fans, pumps, motors, and other electrical loads for proper operation.
Example: Imagine you manage an underground mine and need to ensure a certain level of airflow reaches the miners working below. Your engineers have determined that a 17amp flow will generate enough breathable air for the miners. You attach a current sensor to a controller on the wall of the mine to measure the amount of air flow. If the air flow sits at 17amp, your digital switch will stay on or your analog will maintain a steady number. If the air flow goes below 17amp, an alarm will sound.
A Current Transducer is a device that converts alternating or direct electrical signals into a proportional industrial standard electrical signal.
A current transducer reads current and generates a signal for its output. In this case, current is sensed and converted (transduced) into a proportional output (milli-amp or voltage). Output types include: 4 – 20mA, 0 – 5Vdc, 0 – 10Vdc, 1Vac, or 0.333Vac. The output range can then be interpreted by software to produce a current reading.
Applications: Current transducers also help keep track of load trending, motor control, and fan/pump status.
Veris offers a variety of current sensors, current transducers, and current transformers in both split-core and solid-core options. To learn more about our current sensing products, visit our website or call to speak with our sales team at 1-800-354-8556 or +1 503.598.4564.
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Brave men and women of the armed forces put their life and health at risk in order to protect our freedom. Sometimes, veterans come back from combat zones with concussions. Some of these traumatic brain injuries involve major physical damage to the head that require immediate surgery, but other, more common concussions are referred to as mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI).
These injuries can result from smaller impacts applied to the cranium, for instance when a patient from the Navy finds himself in the blast range of explosives or receives a small blow to the head.
mTBI can be caused by any impact on the head region, including impacts due to falling, hits as well as blasts and shattered pieces from explosions. These blows to the head can directly impact the functioning of neurons, the cells that allow our brain to function properly. For instance, physical damage to the neural networks where the injury occurred can temporarily or permanently affect sensory, motor or cognitive functions. The effect on the brain may also be indirect. For instance, some mTBI will result in inflammation of specific areas of the brain, which in turn adds pressure inside the cranium, resulting in improper functioning of brain networks located away from the injury. The symptoms of mTBI vary widely because of the various parts of the brain that can be affected, but some of the typical symptoms include
- loss of consciousness
- brain fog, with poor concentration
- altered sleep
- anxiety and depression
- loss of balance.
Overall, 4.4% of soldiers are affected by mTBI, but this increases to 9.5% when considering the soldiers who are assigned a combat role.
The medical name that was given to this type of injury is somewhat misleading. While the “mild” part of the name seeks to compare these injuries to other, more severe injuries, mTBI can be a debilitating injury that impairs people for many years, with enormous consequences on their ability to concentrate, work and enjoy life. Individuals coming back from combat in the Navy Army, Air Force, or other sections of the military with mTBI suffer from major medical problems that significantly affect their ability to recover a normal life.
The long term consequences of mTBI can be as severe as keeping them from being able to work for years and causing depression and anxiety disorders. Veterans coming back home with mTBI often face great difficulties in having their injury properly diagnosed and treated, and the hardship that results from their disability often compromises their recovery. What was originally a health issue can quickly cause economic and family issues, as individuals with mTBI are often left with little resources and mental energy to function properly in other spheres of their life. A report from the RAND corporation indicates that about one third of veterans come back with psychological problems, 64% of which are related to traumatic brain injury. In some cases, mTBI can lead to severe depression and suicide.
Fortunately, recent advances in the treatment of mTBI now allow us to understand how dysfunctional brain networks can be repaired through neuroplasticity. Modern chiropractors such as Dr. Carlo Rinaudo in Sydney are now able to integrate concepts learned from neuroscience to develop specific brain-based therapies that allow correcting the symptoms of mTBI. Specific techniques can be applied to correct any symptom of mTBI, including, for instance, vestibular rehabilitation, which helps brain networks recover functions related to equilibrium and balance.
Acting early in order to obtain treatment following an mTBI is the key to avoid letting this injury impact your life for too long.
- Levine Z. (2010) Mild traumatic brain injury. Canadian Family Physician 56:658-662.
- Rona R.J., Jones M., Fear N.T., Hull L., Murphy D., Machell L., Coker B., Iversen A.C., Jones N., David A.S., Greenberg N., Hotopf M., Wessely S. (2012) Mild traumatic brain injury in UK military personnel returning from Afghanistan and Iraq: cohort and cross-sectional analyses. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 27:33-44.
- The RAND Corporation (2008) Invisible Wounds: Mental Health and Cognitive Care Needs of America’s Returning Veterans. Research Highlights.
- Buck P.W., Laster R.G., Sagrati J.S., Kirzner R.S. (2012) Working with mild traumatic brain injury: voices from the field. Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2012
- May G., Benson R., Balon R., Boutros N. (2013) Neurofeedback and traumatic brain injury: A literature review. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 25:289-296.
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We all that know that we need to provide fresh water daily for our pets, but just topping the bowl off can encourage bacteria to grow. If you feel a slimy residue in the bottom and sides of the bowl, that’s dangerous fungus and bacteria starting to grow. Animals can smell that bacteria and often won’t drink as much as they should, potentially causing dehydration. If they do drink contaminated water, they can become ill.
It is best to clean the water dishes daily. If you have a dishwasher, that is an easy way to disinfect pet bowls. For hand washing, scrub with dish detergent and hot water. A natural alternative is to use equal parts baking soda, warm water and salt.
Plastic dishes are not recommended as they can absorb odors and become scratched, which will make them difficult to disinfect. A better choice is stainless steel or ceramic. Glass is also fine to use.
Now that your bowls are all clean and shiny, consider filling them with spring water or filtered water. Your pets will thank you!
Simpson, L Invisible Monsters In Your Pet Bowls
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As the world hurtles into the future, the backbone of technological advancement lies in the continuous evolution of component technologies. These are the building blocks that drive innovation across various industries, laying the foundation for groundbreaking breakthroughs and shaping the future of technology. From artificial intelligence and robotics to biotechnology and renewable energy, the possibilities enabled by component technologies are limitless. In this article, we delve into the significance of component technologies and explore how they are poised to transform our lives and reshape industries in the years to come.
Understanding Component Technologies
Component technologies refer to individual technological elements or units that can be combined to create complex systems or solutions. These elements are often interchangeable, making it easier to upgrade and enhance existing systems, driving efficiency, and fostering innovation. Examples of component technologies include microprocessors, sensors, actuators, memory modules, communication chips, and various software frameworks.
IoT and Connectivity
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents one of the most influential applications of component technologies. By embedding sensors and communication chips in everyday objects, we can create a network where devices can communicate with each other and with users. This connectivity empowers smart homes, smart cities, and industrial applications like Industry 4.0. The future of IoT is even more promising as low-power, high-performance components enable greater automation, data analysis, and seamless integration with other technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning
AI and machine learning are transforming industries across the board, from healthcare and finance to transportation and entertainment. The development of more powerful processors and specialized hardware, such as graphics processing units (GPUs) and tensor processing units (TPUs), has significantly accelerated AI capabilities. These component technologies enable rapid data processing, deep learning, and the training of complex neural networks, ushering in a new era of AI-driven innovation
While still in its infancy, quantum computing holds immense potential to revolutionize problem-solving and computation. Quantum bits or qubits, the fundamental building blocks of quantum computing, can represent multiple states simultaneously, leading to exponential computational power. As scientists and researchers overcome various technical challenges, quantum computers using components such as superconducting circuits and trapped ions are inching closer to real-world applications in cryptography, drug discovery, and optimization problems.
Renewable Energy and Storage
The future of technology heavily relies on sustainable energy sources to mitigate climate change and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Component technologies play a crucial role in advancing renewable energy solutions. High-efficiency solar cells, innovative wind turbine designs, and advanced energy storage systems are all made possible through the continuous evolution of materials and component technologies.
The future of technology is intertwined with the evolution of component technologies. From the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence to quantum computing and renewable energy, these building blocks lay the groundwork for transformative innovations across various industries. As these technologies continue to advance, they will not only improve our quality of life but also address some of humanity’s most pressing challenges. Embracing and investing in the development of component technologies will undoubtedly be the catalyst for ushering in a brighter, more sustainable, and technologically-driven future.
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Heat and Tree Maps
We are going to look at two important visualizations which are used in many different fields for analysis.
In these visualizations, the color shade of areas varies as per the values in the data. The area with higher values heat up or is in a darker color shade. They are great for visualizing statistical data as well. They are usually useful when you have a large amount of data. Color differences can easily spot similar and different values and, in general, give an idea of the data variation.
They are used during A/B testing to see which parts of a web page are accessed by users in a website, the number of reviews generated every hour, or to analyze a cricket match to understand the area in which the batsman is scoring the bulk of his runs, or where the bowler is pitching his ball.
They help in comparisons between one or more dimensions and one or two measures. Along with color, size is also used to highlight patterns within the data. Let us look at a few examples to get an idea.
Let us look at the flight arrival delay data and compare – Unique Carrier and Origin (two dimensions) with the sum of Arrival Delay (one measure). The data set contains weather, security, and late aircraft delay data from different origins to different destinations in the US. We will look at arrival delays to the destination of San Francisco (SFO) from different origins and carriers.
We can see from Figure 1 that the arrival delay in SFO is maximum from Chicago O’Hare (ORD) origin. Also, Delta(UA) and Sky West (OO) carriers have maximum arrival delays to SFO from different origins than other carriers.
You can scroll down to check other origins.
Let us analyze different hurricane storms across years. This data shows the day and time-wise path of different hurricanes across years. We will compare Storm Name (one dimension) and the sum of Maximum Wind Speed and the sum of the Minimum Central Pressure (two measures) for storms in 2018. Here color represents the pressure while the size represents the speed.
After observing Figure 2, we can conclude that Florence has the darkest color hence the highest Maximum Wind Speed, and Leslie has the biggest size and, therefore, the highest Minimum Central Pressure.
Tree maps represent data from large data sets into nested rectangles with different sizes and colors. The nested rectangles are like the branches of the tree; hence they are called tree maps. The main boxes, as well as the nested boxes, are sorted automatically as per their size.
They are primarily used for comparative analysis and help to identify anomalies and similarities in multiple variables in the data set. The simple structure of visualization can appeal to the attractive side of the users. They can be used to analyze sales of products as per their subcategories in a supermarket, crime rate comparison in different parts of the city or spread of an infectious disease in different areas, and much more.
One or more dimensions and one or two measures are needed to plot a tree map. The dimensions define the tree map structure, and the measures define the size or color of the individual rectangle.
They may not be the best choice when there is a big difference in the measure values. A precise comparison may sometimes not be possible with tree maps.
Let us explore the data set containing data about cell phones – their prices, reviews, and ratings of different mobile brand models. We will compare the Price (measure) of different Brands (dimension).
We can look at Figure 3 and easily compare brands to conclude that Samsung has some of the highest-priced phones, followed by Apple. OnePlus and Google have phones in the higher ranges only. Motorola and Nokia have phones in relatively lower ranges.
Let look at the dataset containing the state-wise trial count of violent crimes by the court. We will compare Area Name and Crime group name (two dimensions) with the sum of Trial of Violent Crimes by Court (one measure).
Figure 4 shows the sum of counts of cases for trials of different crimes in various states. We can easily see that Uttar Pradesh has the maximum number of trials, followed by Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. The highest trials are in Bihar, for Riots.
Thus, we can say that we can quickly compare data or find similarities and anomalies in the data using color and size. This helps us to differentiate swiftly and help find the maximum and minimum values as well.
Techcanvass is an Information Technology certifications training Organization for professionals. It offers internationally recognized certifications in the fields of Project Management and Business Analysis. It is a premier Authorized training partner of Project Management Institute (PMI), USA, and a premier Endorsed Education Provider (EEP) of International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA), Canada.
Founded by IT professionals, Techcanvass is committed to making learning a more structured, practical and goal-oriented exercise. We also provide consulting services in the fields of Project management and Business Analysis.
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Support Early Care & Education
Access to high-quality early childhood care and education opportunities help to ensure that every child has a Head Start and a Strong Start in life.
Children’s brains develop rapidly in their first 5 years as they build a foundation for all future outcomes in school and in life. Research shows that investments in quality early childhood programs generate an average annual return of 7-10 percent on every dollar invested.
Despite what we know about the importance of high-quality early childhood opportunities, far too many children in the United States lack access to quality care, especially poor children and other vulnerable children who stand to benefit the most. Access to high-quality early childhood opportunities is all too often determined by parental income and geography; and federal and state programs designed to support high-quality early learning and development are too underfunded to serve all eligible children.
CDF-Ohio is working to change this situation by supporting policies that guarantee all poor and vulnerable children have access to a high quality continuum of early childhood programs from birth through age 5 that can comprehensively address their needs and the needs of their families.
Ohio’s Public Child Care Subsidy Program
High-quality child care is one of the steps on the path to a healthy and successful life for children and is a particularly important pathway out of poverty for low-income children.
It is also crucial for working parents who need affordable care while they are on the job. Access to consistent, quality child care helps low-income and working class parents move up the economic ladder, stay employed, and become self-sufficient so that they can support their families. From a public policy perspective, access to child care ensures a well-trained workforce for Ohio’s future economic success. CDF-Ohio is committed to ensuring that Ohio’s public child care subsidy program operates both to serve as many families as possible, as well as to ensure that children in the program are benefitting from a high-quality setting that sets in motion their learning and development.
High-quality preschool programs for 3- and 4-year-olds improve school readiness and facilitate a range of positive outcomes in both school and life.
These programs are especially beneficial for low-income children and other vulnerable children, including those who are homeless, in foster care, learning English as a second language, or have disabilities. Unfortunately, access to preschool is often determined by parental income, and the lottery of geography and quality varies widely. CDF-Ohio is committed to working to ensure all children, especially the poorest and most vulnerable, have access to quality preschool programs that prepare them for school and life.
Explore other Policy Priorities
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Most people know that milk, dairy and calcium are essential to bone health and strong teeth, but did you know that milk and its components also play a role in skin health?
The good news? Cheese is good for your skin. The bad news? Most of us aren’t eating enough cheese to reap the rewards. So what exactly are these health benefits, and how can you eat more cheese to get them?
Cheese contains more calcium than milk, so it’s great for keeping bones strong and skin firm and youthful. And just as important, it also provides antioxidants and is good for the heart.
1. It’s full of vitamin K.
2. It helps prevent wrinkles.
3. It has antibacterial properties.
4. It has anti-inflammatory benefits.
5. It has antioxidant qualities.
1. Why Cheese is So Good for Healthy Skin
I’m a huge cheese lover, but I’ve never thought much about how it might benefit my skin. Now I do. It seems that there’s a large body of evidence that shows dairy can improve the health of skin. It’s been shown to fight acne, keep wrinkles at bay, and even help those suffering from rosacea. To understand why, we have to take a quick detour through history.
Milk has been a part of our diet for thousands of years, since before recorded history. The first recorded use of milk dates back to 5000 B.C.E., in Egypt. In ancient Greece, milk was used in medicine, as a diuretic. A Roman physician recommended milk for weight loss, and it’s been used in Europe for centuries to treat depression and insomnia. Nowadays, milk is consumed for its nutritional benefits, which include:
It is the perfect way to boost energy and give your body all the vitamins and minerals it needs. It’s also a good source of calcium, protein, and fat.
• Calcium: Calcium is important for strong bones and teeth.
• Protein: Protein is essential to build strong muscles and repair your body.
• Fat: Fat is the best source of energy for the brain and the body, and is essential for proper growth.
• Vitamins: Milk contains the same nutrients that your body needs, including B2, B3, B12, D, E, and K.
• Iron: Milk is a great source of iron, which helps the body to produce red blood cells and fight infections.
So if you think about it, milk is the perfect beverage for you and your health. If you’re a vegan, you can still drink it, but
2. How Cheese Can Make Your Skin Look Younger
The skin’s surface is an important part of our body, but it’s also the most visible. If you don’t treat it right, it could become wrinkled and aged. However, it’s not too late to take good care of your skin. One of the best ways to protect it is by eating healthy food. What are the benefits of cheese for skin and the right nutrition can help keep your skin young, while the wrong foods could make it worse. Here are some of the best foods for a healthier and more youthful complexion.
Eating healthy is one of the best things you can do to keep your skin healthy and younger looking. The more you eat healthy foods, the better your skin will look. You can take a multi-vitamin, which contains lots of nutrients that will help keep your skin young. If you drink lots of water, you will also have a youthful complexion. Drinking water helps to cleanse your body and prevent toxins from building up in your body. If you want to keep your skin looking young and fresh, you can also try applying a moisturizer. Moisturizers are used to prevent dryness and wrinkles. You can also use skin lightening creams if you want a lighter complexion.
3. How Cheese Can Protect Your Skin
There’s a lot of confusion about what “natural” means and how much of a product is truly natural, says John Spiller, a dietitian at the University of California-Davis. “It’s not always a bad thing to put ‘natural’ on a label,” he says. “It indicates that the product has been minimally processed, which can be beneficial in the context of healthy eating.” For example, raw milk may contain some bacteria, but pasteurized milk does not. Also, “all-natural” means that the product does not contain any artificial ingredients (like those found in artificial colors, flavors, and preservatives).
Natural foods and products are important because they are good for your health. In the past, people didn’t really care about what foods were natural, but now it is an important factor. Food labels may say “natural” or “made with real milk” on them. This is because some people are concerned about how natural foods are made. Milk is one of the most common products that contains “real milk.” Milk is a source of many nutrients such as calcium, vitamins, and minerals. People who drink milk usually feel better than those who don’t. It helps them to stay strong and fit. Other types of foods that are natural are whole grain, fresh fruit, and vegetables. People who eat these foods can avoid having high cholesterol levels.
4. Ways Cheese Can Help You Lose Weight
Benefits of cheese for skin, cheese is full of proteins and low in carbs. So, it’s ideal to include cheese in your diet when you’re trying to lose weight. It’s also full of fat-free milk and it has calcium and vitamin B12 in it, which are necessary for the growth of bones and teeth. Cheese is also a great source of protein and contains some vitamins and minerals, which is why people also use it in cooking.
Cheese is one of the most popular types of food around the world. It’s nutritious and very tasty too. Many people love cheese and it’s very important to include it in your diet. Cheese is full of proteins and it is low in carbohydrates. You can use cheese in a wide variety of ways. One of the best ways to use cheese is to add it to sandwiches. It’s easy to get a sandwich maker if you need to cook a sandwich. You can mix cheese with butter or salad dressing and put it in the middle of the bread. Then, you can slice it into strips and add lettuce and tomatoes for some extra flavor.
5. Is It True that Cheese Increases Hair Growth?
While it may seem like a myth, cheese does contain protein which can aid hair growth. Cheese is high in B vitamins, calcium, vitamin B12, protein, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, zinc, and selenium. Since the nutrients found in cheese can help to prevent hair loss, it makes sense that if you add more cheese to your diet, you’ll see a positive result.The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for automatically providing for the automatic start up of an electrical system including an inverter circuit.
Electrical systems, such as power generation systems, may include multiple components that are capable of being operated to generate electricity and provide a supply of energy to electrical loads in various forms, such as alternating current.
If you want to get stronger and grow your hair faster, you should add cheese to your diet. There are many reasons why cheese is good for your hair. It contains protein which helps your hair grow faster and thicker. It also contains calcium, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, phosphorus, zinc, and selenium. Some types of cheese, such as blue cheese, have a high amount of fat content. Fat is essential for hair growth. If you want to boost your energy, you should eat cheese. If you have a low energy level, you should increase the number of calories that you consume.
6. Other Foods to Include in Your Skin-Care Regimen
There is no magic formula that will improve your skin. What is important is what is best for your skin. It is best to use products and techniques that suit your needs. Some people need a little extra help to get started. Others need something that is easy to incorporate into their daily routine. Here are some other items to include in your skin care regimen.
There are many factors that affect our health. These include diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol, air quality, exposure to the sun, pollution, and stress. These factors cause certain health problems in us. If we avoid these health issues, then we can maintain good health. However, there are some diseases and health problems that cannot be prevented. These include cancer, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and hypertension. Even though we can’t prevent these conditions, we can control them. The first step is to learn about how to treat these problems and how to deal with them.
7. What Else can I do to Feel Better about My Skin?
If you’re like many people, your skin care routine is not exactly on point. Maybe you’re using products that don’t really do anything for your skin, or you’re relying on over-the-counter drugs to treat the problem. To make matters worse, there are several common skin care problems that aren’t easily treated with over-the-counter drugs or creams. If your skin feels dry and tight, you may be dealing with eczema. Or if you suffer from psoriasis, itchy dermatitis, or other skin conditions, your options may be limited.
It may be tempting to try to use over-the-counter products that you can find in your local store. However, this is not the best choice. Over-the-counter drugs are not designed to treat skin conditions. Instead, they are usually used to treat pain or cold symptoms. They may also have some side effects that you should think about before you use them. Over-the-counter drugs may also be made from petrochemicals and chemicals that you should avoid. The present invention includes an improved method and apparatus for automatically providing for the automatic start up of an electrical system including an inverter circuit.
In conclusion, While we all love cheese the benefits of cheese for skin, it turns out that eating too much cheese can actually cause health problems. Some research shows that dairy products can actually increase the risk of cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. However, cheese isn’t the only type of dairy product that can be detrimental to your health. Dairy products are made up of proteins, fats, and carbs. Some of these are healthy, and some are not. It can be hard to determine which are which, so here’s a breakdown of each:
Read this article and you’ll be surprised to know what it does for you.
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Part 3: How to Make a Bubble-Letter Sign
Today’s how-to video shows you how to make bubble-letter signs the easy way.
The morning of the first day of our craft fair, I woke up late. Believe it or not, I got these bubble-letter signs done in less than 30 minutes.
The steps are carefully demonstrated for you in the video, but here are the written steps:
- Draw capital letters in pencil
- Outline the capital letters in black marker
- Draw lines through each bubble letter with a colored marker
- If letters overlap, use two different colors to make them distinct
In the video, you’ll see me doing each of these steps to create the signs I displayed at our craft fair last weekend.
If you enjoy my videos, patterns, and craft projects, remember to share them on social media. Thanks!
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Dr Kimberley Reid – ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes
Forecasting unusual weather weeks in advance is a rapidly growing area of research. It has the potential to benefit many industries from farming to energy production. Scientists at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes are exploring innovative methods to predict rainfall in a first of its kind pilot study.
What is Subseasonal Forecasting?
Subseasonal forecasting is the prediction of unusual weather, such as high temperature or rainfall, two to six weeks ahead. Weather is a chaotic system, sometimes acting in a similar way to the ‘butterfly effect’, where small fluctuations in wind or temperature can grow into random and big fluctuations with time.
This is why we can’t predict where a storm will be more than a few days in advance. However, we can predict whether the weekly temperature or rainfall is likely to be above or below average.
Why is Subseasonal Forecasting Useful?
Subseasonal forecasts are regularly used in planning. The better the forecast, the easier it is to plan. For farmers the timing of rainfall or hot days can significantly impact cultivation, crop growth, and harvesting. Forecast information is useful for timing reservoir operations or allowing water managers to time dam releases to reduce flood risks.
Higher quality forecasts would improve all these applications.
The sporadic nature of rainfall makes it especially difficult to forecast skilfully beyond one week.
Rainfall requires two ingredients:
- moisture in the air
- and a weather system or mountain to force the moist air to rise and condense into a liquid.
In a new study, we tested a method to improve rainfall forecasts by using one of these ingredients, moisture in the air, rather than trying to predict the rainfall itself.
Integrated Water Vapour Transport (IVT), is the flow of water vapour through the atmosphere and an indication of the moisture in the air.
High amounts of water vapour transport is a strong sign of rainfall. If there is no water vapour in the air, there won’t be any rainfall.
Weather models can be used to study rainfall and are better at simulating water vapour transport than rainfall itself. This is because water vapour transport depends on larger-scale processes whereas rainfall requires small-scale processes that models may not reproduce as well.
Previous research in Europe showed that using water vapour transport to indicate extreme rainfall could extend the forecast by three days in some locations.
In our new study, we tested whether water vapour transport could be used as a proxy or substitute for forecasting rainfall up to four weeks ahead globally.
We collaborated with the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and used their latest seasonal forecasting model called ACCESS-S2 (Figure 2). We compared the forecasts of the past from 1981-2018 with satellite rainfall observations and counted how many times the modelled water vapour transport and modelled rainfall correctly identified weeks with a high certainty of rainfall.
Figure 3 shows the percentage increase in the skill using water vapour transport as a proxy for rainfall compared to using the model rainfall. At one to three weeks ahead there is improved skill over large regions of Australia, the west coast of the USA and parts of Europe. These are regions where weather systems such as atmospheric rivers, fronts and extratropical cyclones, which are associated with high water vapour transport, cause a high proportion of the rainfall.
Rainfall from models is far more accurate in the first week of a forecast, but the accuracy decays rapidly. After this first week, the benefits of using rainfall ingredients instead, like IVT, may be realised.
Our new research shows that water vapour transport could be used as an indicator of a potentially wet week up to three weeks ahead.
More research using higher resolution modelling would be needed before this could become operational. Machine learning could help us understand the relationship between water vapour transport and the amount of rain that falls at different locations. Earlier warning of heavy rainfall would be incredibly useful to a variety of sectors.
Atmospheric Water Vapour Transport in ACCESS-S2 and the Potential for Enhancing Skill of Subseasonal Forecasts of Precipitation Kimberley J. Reid, Debra Hudson, Andrew D. King, Todd P Lane and Andrew G. Marshall.
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Adult Attachment Styles
Attachment is the interpersonal bond between child and caregiver that is developed through the accumulation of all the successes and failures in the caregiver meeting the child’s needs for physical and emotional care.
From this relationship with our original caregivers, we develop working models of what we think about and expect in our relationships with others in adulthood. These working models are called attachment styles, and there are four adult attachment styles:
- Anxious or Preoccupied
- Avoidant or Dismissive
These attachment styles are not absolute, and not every person fits 100% in any single category.
These attachment styles are also not set in stone, our attachment styles can change due to our experiences in other relationships, from personal work and with therapy.
It is important to remember that you are not bad or wrong for having a particular style of attachment. It makes sense that you approach relationships this way given what you learned from your parents or caregivers.
It’s important to understand and have compassion for why relationships may be so difficult or scary for you. But change can happen with work and support.
It is also important to point out the reality that when kids are LGBTQIA+ parenting in a way that affirms and meets the emotional and physical needs of those kids can be quite challenging given the culture we live in (not because these children or their needs are challenging).
It can be a challenge even before the issue of coming out and how that impacts parenting and attachment.
Attuned parenting is a challenge because of the assumption that children are heterosexual and cisgender. When kids are queer and do not fit these assumptions, their emotional and physical needs are likely not being seen, attuned to, or met.
Then comes the parenting challenge of when kids come out and how that is responded to by parents can absolutely be affected by the attachment and in turn can affect the attachment.
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Arts and Humanities
The concept of empathy involves understanding others’ perspectives. Technical communication requires knowing the context of users; however, empathy is neither a prominent term nor a common subject in the accompanying literature.
This article will establish a foundation for empathy to be conceptualized for technical communication. Several definitions of empathy will be reviewed, followed by applicable resemblances from examples pertaining to audience analysis. A wide‑ranging analysis will connect features of empathy to topics from the areas of user experience, human‑information interaction, user value, business, and design thinking.
This article concludes that there is significant value in giving empathetic attention to the emotions and human psychology of users, which are aspects of their context and overall experience that may otherwise be overlooked. The inclusion of empathetic practices for understanding users provides a more in-depth profile, enabling technical communicators to better create information that will meet audience needs.
Master of Arts in English, Technical Communication Option
Cash, Bernadette L., "Beyond Audience Analysis: Conceptualizing Empathy for Technical Communication" (2018). Technical Communication Capstone Course. 22.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
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Could a computer virus have caused the hard drive’s faulty sectors? Some urgent queries often arise within the complex system security and data integrity field.
Are hard drives damaged due to viruses? Regular antivirus scans, security software updates, and safe browsing practices are essential to reduce the danger of viruses. If you are looking for these answers, keep an eye out on this page.
Knowledge is essential for protecting your digital assets; with this recognition, you can take proactive measures to improve your computer’s security. This post aims to equip you with useful advice for a safer and more reliable performance and also take away your confusion to deliver better answers so that you extend your hard disc update antivirus. Let’s remain alert and improve your computer experience.
Can A Virus Cause Bad Sectors on Hard Drive?
A virus cannot be the direct source of a hard drive’s bad sectors. When a storage device develops bad sectors, it’s usually because of wear and use or accidental damage. However, viruses can corrupt files, reduce system performance, and even cause data loss.
Viruses are a significant concern in wide cyberspace, where our computers store a wealth of professional and personal information. These bad actors are a major cause of system downtime, data loss, and other undesirable effects. Let’s become familiar with computer viruses before we get to the meat of the topic. These viruses, worms, and other malware are out to get into our computers and do as much damage as possible.
Email attachments, infected files, and malicious websites are just a few vectors viruses use to spread. Once inside, they can cause severe damage, such as file corruption, sluggishness, and even data loss. Let’s clear up the mystery surrounding bad sectors, lest computer users be overcome with fear at the mere mention of the term.
Bad sectors are areas of a hard disc where data cannot be safely stored due to physical degradation. Physical damage, like scratches on the disk’s surface or general wear and tear over time, can cause these sectors. There are two types of faulty sectors: those produced by software issues that can be repaired and those caused by physical damage to the hard drive.
Can a Virus Cause Bad Sectors: Myth or Truth
No, a virus cannot directly generate faulty sectors on a hard drive, and here’s why. Physical damage or the storage device’s inevitable depreciation are the most common causes of bad sectors. Viruses can damage files, halt system processes, and even completely crash a computer. However, they cannot cause poor sectors to form on their own.
Protecting Hard Drives from Viruses and Bad Sectors
Even if viruses aren’t to blame for damaged sectors, you must take precautions to keep your data safe. It is critical to deploy effective antivirus software and keep it up to date. Scanning for malware regularly and adhering to safe browsing will help reduce the likelihood of a virus infection. You can prevent data loss due to physical damage or deterioration by keeping your hard drive in good working order and performing regular backups.
What Causes a Bad Sector on Hard Drive?
Physical damage is the most common source of faulty sectors on hard drives. Bad sectors can emerge as the magnetic coating on a hard disc wears off with age and repeated use. Moreover, data write can fail due to software problems or power outages, resulting in logical bad sectors.
Think of your drive as a digital safe where you keep your most precious data. However, there is a bad sector within this digital stronghold. These microscopic thugs can prevent your storage from functioning normally, leading to data damage and even loss.
But what causes such disturbing outliers to appear? Learn the truth about faulty sectors and what lies beneath the surface of your hard drive as we embark on this fascinating expedition together. This section will dispel the mystery and provide the tools to defend your data against these stealthy foes.
Optimal conditions for hard drives are between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. Thus, overheating causes frequent adjustments to the crystal oscillator clock. And it will mess up the inner workings as well. Therefore, you should make appropriate efforts to cool your hard drive and keep it safe from heat.
Damage to the hard drive’s casing is a leading source of faulty sectors. Causes include rough treatment, falls, and high temperatures. A disk’s magnetic field is so weak that even a scratch might render the damaged area useless for storing information. Bad sectors are when the read/write heads are misaligned or damaged due to impact from accidents or rough treatment.
Hard Drive Age
Bad sectors can emerge on hard drives due to normal wear and tear over time. The magnetic coating on the platters is worn away over time due to the platters’ constant spinning and the read/write heads’ constant motion.
The heads’ ability to read and write data reliably degrades due to this wear and tear, leading to inaccuracies and the eventual appearance of faulty sectors. Type cmd in the Run window that appears after pressing Windows + R. Enter “wmic” and hit the enter key. Press Enter after typing “wmic diskdrive get status” to inspect the disk’s current condition.
Software and Malware Issues
Human error can also cause bad sectors in software or malicious software. Sectors can become bad when misallocated or corrupted due to issues with disc management software, operating system bugs, or poorly conducted disc operations like formatting or partitioning.
Malware like ransomware and disk-wiping viruses can cause physical or logical damage to the hard drive, resulting in the appearance of bad sectors. You can start protection updates by typing virus & threat protection at the search bar. After that, click on it. After that, go to virus & threat protection updates and check for updates.
Sometimes faulty sectors appear on a hard drive because of a manufacturing flaw. Discs with these problems may have uneven surfaces, read/write heads that aren’t aligned, or malfunctioning electrical components. Bad sectors are more likely to occur on a hard disc, with manufacturing faults undermining the drive’s reliability.
Electrical Issues and Power Surges
Power surges, voltage changes, or sudden power outages can cause bad sectors on hard drives. A power outage during data writing might cause faulty sectors due to incomplete or incorrect data. The magnetic coating on the disc can be damaged by the read/write heads making accidental contact with it if there is an electrical problem.
Shock or Sudden Impact
Hard drives are vulnerable to mechanical failure if they sustain sudden impact or physical shock, such as when the device is dropped or accidentally smacked. Because of the force of the hit, the read/write heads may become unaligned or displaced, the platters may be broken, or other internal components may fail. The afflicted sections of the disc may develop faulty sectors due to the physical impact.
What are the Symptoms of Bad Sectors on a Hard Drive?
Errors when opening or saving files, sluggish operation, frequent system freezes, and crashes are all signs of bad sectors on a hard drive. The hard drive may be making odd noises in conjunction with these problems. To avoid further hardware failure, bad sectors must be dealt with ASAP.
Your computer’s performance and security are at risk when a hard disk has bad sectors. Understanding the warning signs of failing sectors is critical for intervening quickly to limit losses. In this section, we’ll review the symptoms typically associated with faulty sectors on a hard disk, so you can identify the problem and fix it before it worsens.
- Poor Performance
Decreases in performance are a common symptom of damaged sectors on your hard drive. The system may be less responsive than usual, causing you to wait longer to boot up or open or close files and programs. Things that used to go smoothly and quickly could take much longer than usual.
You can check the bad sectors on your hard drive easily. To do this, go to “This PC,” locate the desired drive, and right-click on it. After that, select “Tools” and then “Check” from the menu that appears. Select “Scan for and try recovery of bad sectors,” then launch the scan.
- Frequent Crashes
Frequent system failures or freezes may be the result of bad sectors. The dreaded “blue screen of death” (BSOD) or unexpected system restarts are possibilities. These random shutdowns are incredibly inconvenient, can result in lost data, and often point to a failing hard disk.
You can check the BSOD errors by following these steps. To access Event Viewer, use Windows key + X to bring up the Power User menu and select it from the list. Select Create Custom View from the Action dropdown. Choose the period during which the BSoD occurred in the Logged dropdown menu, then mark the Error box under the Event level heading.
Choose Windows Logs from the Event Logs menu. When you’re ready, select OK to continue. Give the new view a name, then confirm it by clicking OK. Use the Date and Time header to arrange the data in chronological order. Check the error log from the last time your computer crashed. The Details button can be used to view additional information about the error.
- File Access Errors
Bad sectors on a hard drive can cause problems reading and writing data. The most common errors are cannot read from disk, file not found, and disk I/O error. File corruption or inaccessibility may result from the hard drive’s inability to read or write to bad sectors.
- Strange Noises
When a hard disk has faulty sectors, it may make strange noises. Your computer’s storage device may make clicking, grinding, or ticking noises. Damage to the hard disk’s read/write head or other mechanical parts might cause these noises.
- More Numbers of Bad Sectors
Modern OS and disk utilities commonly include tools to search for and detect bad sectors on a hard drive. During scans or diagnostics, an increasing number of bad sectors may indicate that the hard drive’s condition is failing. It’s critical to fix this immediately so you face no further data loss or damage.
Viruses do not cause bad sectors on a hard drive. The storage device has aged or been physically damaged, which causes bad sectors. Viruses are not the primary cause of bad sectors, even though they can result in file corruption, system performance difficulties, and data loss.
Use a reputable antivirus program, check for malware frequently, and adhere to safe browsing practices to keep your computer virus-free. If you want to keep your hard drive in good shape and working order, you must familiarize yourself with faulty sectors’ signs and symptoms.
Bad sectors might gradually appear after physical damage, such as scratches or impact. Overheating, electrical problems, power surges, manufacturing flaws, software bugs, and unexpected impacts can cause faulty sectors. Frequent crashes, slow performance, error messages when accessing files, and strange noises from the hard drive are all signs of damaged sectors.
If you see any of these symptoms, it’s time to take quick action to prevent permanent data loss and system instability. You can protect your data from viruses and bad sectors and keep your hard drive running smoothly and virus-free if you know what causes and how to avoid them.
Hey, I’m Hammad. I write for this website to help you with the IT advice about PC, RAM, CPU, Motherboard, PSU, and other PC components.
I will provide detailed guides with images, and explain step by step so you can understand the process. Check all my articles here.
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General anaesthesia isolates the patient’s body from brain control, which, at that moment, becomes clinically dead since it does not suffer, does not feel, and does not defend itself. To keep the patient safe in this situation of reversibility, the intervention of a specialist who acts as a “defence lawyer for the patient” is required, pointed out Ángel Noguerales. They highlighted the importance of the surgeon and the anesthesiologist being coordinated.
Anesthesiology is a modern medical speciality since the first intervention with general anaesthesia dates back to 1844, which has led to a significant advance in medicine, especially surgery. Noguerales has indicated, who has pointed out that to be an anesthesiologist, it is necessary to Overcome the six Medicine degree courses and five speciality courses in Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Pain Therapy.
How General anaesthesia differs from local anaesthesia?
General anaesthesia differs from local anaesthesia in that the first one loses consciousness and the first anaesthetic gases that were used from the mid-nineteenth century were nitrous oxide, ether and chloroform and, later, opium was administered (as an enhancer of the effects of gases), but since it was a product that could not be controlled in its natural state, it was abandoned. Later one of its components, morphine, which can be dosed, was isolated.
At present, there are several types of general anaesthesia, and thus it can be done by inhalation with nitrous oxide, ether and chloroform (both abandoned today), halothane, peritrane and others, but it can also be used intravenously with barbiturates or substances synthetic and both systems simultaneously, which is balanced anaesthesia.
In general anaesthesia, muscle relaxants (curare and derivatives) are usually used, which complement it, producing total muscle paralysis, which is why using artificial respirators is needed.
Other types are spinal anaesthesia, which is to administer a local anaesthetic through the spinal or epidural route; the trunk, with which the local anaesthetic is introduced into a nerve trunk to produce anaesthesia of the affected area innervated by that nerve trunk and the intravenous one.
Local anaesthesia consists of infiltrating a peripheral nerve or the area where it will be operated on (minor surgery) with a local anaesthetic. And thus, the transmission of pain is blocked, and the patient notices the manipulation but does not feel any pain when fully awake.
Sometimes, depending on the character of the patient, it is usually complemented with mild sedation.
The rectal route (used in paediatrics and the elderly) has practically been discarded, and the one that is commonly practised is the balanced one and consists of taking a little of the other general ones, with which the same anaesthetic level is achieved but with a lower dose of drugs and fewer side effects.
The decision of the anaesthetic technique to be used is exclusive to the anaesthetist, depending fundamentally on the patient and, secondly, on the surgeon’s needs.
Ángel Noguerales recalled that zero risk does not exist. Thus one in 200,000 patients die from the effect of anaesthesia in general, which is why the training of the anesthesiologist is essential in an intervention in which potent drugs are used in toxic doses that, once they enter the body, there is no way to extract them.
He also highlighted the importance of knowing the surgeon’s skills to determine the dose and duration of anaesthesia since someone with a lot of experience can perform appendicitis in ten minutes and someone with less experience can take more than an hour.
A few years ago, Ángel Noguerales commented that there was little control over the depth of anaesthesia and the anesthesiologist’s experience.
But currently, there are sensors available to accurately calculate the level and depth of anaesthesia in which the patient is, and thus the surgeon, if he has to do something that causes more pain, notifies the anaesthetist to increase the dose. The operated person does not respond to that stimulus.
Noguerales explained that local anaesthesia causes a blockage in the nerves of a particular area. In contrast, general anaesthesia, although its operation is not entirely known, implies the isolation of the brain so that it either does not receive harmful impulses and therefore does not reply, or your reply is blocked.
This way, a general anaesthetized patient is clinically dead, and only an anesthesiologist can bring him back. And for this, he has to have profound knowledge about the physiology of all the vital organs and the pharmacology of all the drugs he uses; he has aggregated.
Ángel Noguerales has pointed out that the anaesthetist does other tasks, such as post-surgical recovery, and is also competent in administering blood transfusions and serums. His work is essential in treating chronic pain in patients who, due to a pathological problem, are in great pain.
The anesthesiologist is there to defend the patient, Ángel Noguerales has reiterated, who has recognized that although the number of anesthesiologists in Spain has increased progressively, there are still fewer than are needed, because although in public hospitals they have to be present always one of these specialists, and in some private ones, not in all of them, due to the scarcity of specialists.
The ideal, according to Ángel Noguerales, is that each centre where there is significant surgery has its permanent staff since there are interventions that can wait hours, even days. Still, there are severe ones (cesarean section, traffic accidents), and in those cases, it is not possible to wait for the anaesthetist to arrive, even if located.
He has also referred to the side effects of anaesthesia, which are “minimal” and clinically not appreciated. He has commented that in times past, drugs and alcohol have been used since the blow to the head. To magic and spells.
Ángel Noguerales had also declared that the state of mind of the patient when entering the operating room is essential because, during the time he is under the effects of general anaesthesia, time will not exist for that person (dead time). When he regains consciousness, he will be in the same circumstances as when he lost her.
Thus, if you enter happily, you leave in that state of mind, said Ángel Noguerales, who commented that some patients say they have heard about it and that, which is unimportant, is because at some point, the level of amnesia decreases and the brain recovers part of consciousness (hearing), but the usual thing is that it does not know how to interpret the voices and without any transcendence. EFE
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Stephen Russell’s new book, The King and the Land: A Geography of Royal Power in the Biblical World (Oxford, 2016), discusses the various ways the rulers of Israel and Judah used geographic spaces to assert their power. It’s an interesting look at an under-studied topic in the realm of Old Testament research.
Russell begins by examining how Solomon built his temple in a Phoenician style (see 1 Kings 5:21-28; 7:13-45), which was consistent with his pattern of expanding his power base by engaging his neighbors through intermarriage and trade.
In chapter two, he observes how Solomon’s father, David, used the purchase of the land of Araunah (2 Sam. 24) to emphasize his special relationship to YHWH, which was a common pattern among ancient Near Eastern rulers.
His third chapter looks at Jehu (near and dear to my heart–the subject of my doctoral dissertation) and his decommissioning of the temple of Baal (2 Kings 10:18-28). Russell concludes that, while Jehu’s pious deed was celebrated in the biblical record, his power was limited in comparison to ancient Near Eastern rulers.
His fourth and fifth chapters discusses how Absalom (in the gate; 2 Sam. 15:1-16) and Hezekiah (with his tunnel; 2 Kgs. 20:20) helped legitimate their power within their social contexts.
Baruch Halpern says, “Well worth reading.” Thomas Romer declares, “A must read for everybody interested in the question of kingship in the Bible and the ancient Near East.”
Particularly for those of you who share my interests in these issues, I hope you’ll check out The King and the Land.
(I have known Stephen Russell since he was a student at Penn in the early 1990’s.)
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|from Popular History of the United States, 1876|
On June 22, 1920 The New York Times reported on the sale of an old, six-story building at 73 Pearl Street at the northwest corner of Coenties Alley. The reporter paused to mention “The structure occupies one of the most interesting historic sites on Manhattan Island.”
It was on that site, in 1641, that Governor Willem Kieft erected the Stadt Herberg, or “City Tavern.” A substantial structure, it rose five stories tall—the skyscraper of mid-17th century New Amsterdam. As much a community center as tavern and inn, its entrance faced Fort Amsterdam, the administrative headquarters for the Dutch.
Kieft’s governorship came hand-in-hand with his position as director-general of the West India Company. Historian Mary Louise Booth in her 1860 History of the City of New York explained “As yet, no tavern had been erected within the settlement for the accommodation of strangers, and the numerous visitors from the New England colonies as well as from the interior were compelled to avail themselves of the hospitalities of the director.” Kieft understandably grew impatient with strangers coming and going in his house; and so had the stone tavern erected at the Company’s expense.
|from Annals of Old Manhattan 1609-1664, in the collection of the New York Public Library|
His problems started when he tried to tax the local Native Americans. When that failed, he attempted to expulse them. He ordered military attacks on villages on February 25, 1643 which resulted in the massacre of 120 Native Americans, including women and children. It did not end there.
A two-year war ensued, called Kieft’s War, that resulted in heavy loss of life on both sides. The Board of Directors fired Kieft in 1647, replacing him with Peter Stuyvesant. The new governor seized Kieft’s tavern and renovated it as his City Hall, the Stadt Huys. A cupola with an all-important bell was added to the tiled roof and the entrance relocated to face the East River. The bell was rung at 9:00 on the mornings of “court days.”
|A turn of the century postcard included the stocks (right) and public well. from the collection of the New York Public Library|
Lawrens Duyts was on the wrong side of the law at least twice here. Records showed that Anneke Jans Bogardus sued him for the rent of a tract of land near where Trinity Church now stands. Duyts’s defense was that Mrs. Bogardus had released him from the rent—two hogs—and that he had already paid one hog. The magistrates ordered him to pay the other hog.
Things were a little more serious for Duyts when he was found guilty of “selling his wife to one Jansen.” There was no jail in New Amsterdam and justice was served physically. Lawrens Duyts was sentenced to a flogging and the cutting off of his right ear.
In 1652 the surgeons of the colony petitioned for a law prohibiting that no one could shave people but them. The magistrates wisely decided “That no man can be prevented from operating herein upon himself, or doing another this friendly act, provided that it be through courtesy, and that he do not receive any money for it.”
One trial record included a remarkable description of the courtroom. “Over the bench of the Justices are interweaved the orange and blue and white colors of the West India Company, with the tricolor of Faderland. Around the room hang the leather fire-buckets ready for use. On the magisterial seat are placed the stuffed red cushions, which are carried to the church on Sundays, and which are to hold the weight and judicial wisdom of New Amsterdam. Behind is the painted coat of arms of the City, sent over by the Directors from Holland in 1634…Against the wall is the nut-wood chest, where are kept under massive clasps and bands the records and archives of the court.”
Trials here settled complaints large and small. Jan Haeckins and Jacob Van Couwenhoven came to court with a somewhat subjective problem. Couwenhoven brewed beer and sold a quantity to Haeckins. Haeckins then refused to pay for the beer. “The defendant says the beer is bad,” said court documents, according to historian James W. Gerard in his 1874 book The Old Streets of New York Under the Dutch.
Couwenhoven protested, saying that if his beer were bad, why would other people keep buying it? “He further insists that the beer is of good quality, and such as is made for exportation.” After much such bantering the magistrates arrived at a Solomon-worthy decision. They adjourned court and went off to try the beer for themselves.
The Stadt Huys served the Dutch until 1664 when English forces seized Manhattan and overtook New Amsterdam. The colony was renamed New York on September 8 of that year, in honor of the Duke of York, later James II. On October 14 the Dutch magistrates and some of the higher ranking residents were assembled in the Stadt Huys by order of the English Governor Nichols. They were read the oath of allegiance to Great Britain which they were expected to take.
They refused. Only after significant amendments were made did the Dutch citizens agree to the oath.
The Stadt Huys would be the scene not only of government meetings, trials (under Governor Nichols the only trial for witchcraft in Manhattan’s history was held here) and civic decisions; it was the place of ceremonies and tributes.
By 1679 the Stadt Huys, now called City Hall, was in disrepair. Supreme Court records documented appropriation for studs and planks to shore up the walls. It survived another two decades before the city abandoned it in 1699.
|Stuyvesant moved the entrance to the building facing the East River. watercolor by Louis Oram, from the collection of the Museum of the City of New York http://collections.mcny.org/C.aspx?VP3=SearchResult_VPage&VBID=24UAYWEL7L7L&SMLS=1&RW=1280&RH=915|
City documents recorded “On the 25th day of May 1699, Johannes Depeyster, being mayor, James Graham, recorder, Messrs. Boelen, Lewis, Walters, Wenham, and Cortlandt, aldermen, present. The board taking into consideration the necessity of building a new citty hall, doo unanimously resolve, (Alderman Cortlandt only dissenting,) that a new citty hall shall be built with all convenient expedition, and that the same be erected and built at the upper end of the Broad street within the said citty.”
The aldermen also agreed to sell the old building for its materials and lease the ground “to farme for the terme of ninety-nine years.” Merchant John Rodman purchased City Hall for 900 pounds on August 17, 1699.
Long before construction of the new City Hall on Broad Street was started in November 1700, the old Stadt Huys had been demolished.
In 1979, 279 years later, ground was about to be broken for the Goldman Sachs Building at 85 Broad Street at the corner of Pearl Street. Archeologists studied maps and documents and concluded this was the site of the Stadt Huys. Dollar Savings Bank owned the property and backed a $155,000 dig. Nearly two dozen archeologists spent 11 months carefully working down from street level.
More than four tons of artifacts were unearthed—pottery, buttons, coins, delftware plates and tiles, and other fascinating relics. On April 12, 1981 The New York Times reported “They uncovered what they believe to be the remains of the Stadt Huys.” Later investigation revealed that the walls were more likely those of the Lovelace Tavern which was built next door to it in 1670. Today the outline of Stadt Huys is marked by light-colored paving stones on the plaza outside of 85 Broad Street. Visitors can view the Lovelace Tavern foundations from a section of sidewalk left open and protected by brass railings.
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After ChatGPT people, are inventing a lot of cool things and one of that amazing thing that I recently found is MiniGPT-4. In this post, I will explain you all about this new cool technology, MiniGPT-4, how it access and use it with real life examples.
What is MiniGPT-4?
MiniGPT-4 is a new model that can help you to understand any image. That means it can describe any image and can tell minor details of that image. It is a great alternative to ChatGPT 4. The model that MiniGPT-4 is using is Vicuna. Vicuna Is a great alternative to ChatGPT 4 and it has an accuracy of 90% of that of the ChatGPT 4.
Let me tell you the meaning of the MiniGPT-4 by giving a real life example. So suppose you went for dinner in a restaurant and there you saw an amazing image of a dish. Now you can just take that image and you can come home and just upload the image into the MiniGPT-4. Then you can just ask this model about the ingredients that you can use to create such a dish.
So basically MiniGPT-4 is just analyzing an image and it is giving us the correct answers of whatever questions we ask about that image. This makes MiniGPT-4 a really interesting AI model and that’s why it’s going viral on the internet.
Now let me show you the demo of this new AI model. We uploaded an image of a wolf and a lamp and we just asked this model to describe this image and you can see in the below image the generated output. It is describing the image correctly as well as it is giving us all the details like very micro level details of that image.
Example two of using this model. We uploaded this image of Elon Musk and we asked this model who is the person in the image. And it just gave the correct answer.
How to access MIniGPT-4?
To access MIniGPT-4, go to this website and try uploading an image. And then ask any questions.
How to install MiniGPT-4 on your local environment?
To start using MiniGPT-4 on your laptop or computer, just follow below steps:
Step 1: Setup code & environment
To clone the Github repository and to active use following lines of code:
git clone https://github.com/Vision-CAIR/MiniGPT-4.git
conda env create -f environment.yml
conda activate minigpt4
Step 2: Setup Vicuna weights which are already trained
Click here to learn about Vicuna weights. Final weight structure should be as below:
Step 3: Play with MiniGPT-4
Download the pretrained checkpoint form here. This will help you in using already pretrained model by creators of MiniGPT-4
Open config file line 11 and insert path of pretrained checkpoint
Is MiniGPT-4 better than the ChatGPT?
MiniGPT-4 and ChatGPT are totally different. MiniGPT-4 is a multimodal language model that generates outputs based on text as well as image. ChatGPT is a conversational language model that will generate text output for text input.
MiniGPT-4 is better for describing images or generating stories from images. Both models have their own pros and cons. But I think if you are doing a work in which you want like descriptions of the images then go for MiniGPT-4
I think MiniGPT-4 is definitely worth to try. Still it is in development phase and I am pretty sure people are going to build some amazing apps based on this model.
Play with it and see how you can use it in your domain.
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Summer 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported several cases of locally acquired malaria in Florida, Texas, and Maryland, meaning that patients were infected within the US—the first such cases in over two decades (CDC 2023). The significance of the cases and how individuals and public health officials should respond to the situation is still unknown. The CDC is collaborating with state health departments on an investigation of seven locally acquired cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Sarasota County, Florida, and one case in Cameron County, Texas, and Maryland near Washington DC. There is no evidence to suggest that the cases are related. All patients were promptly treated at area hospitals and are recovering (CDC 2023).
Gillen, Alan L., "The Return of Malaria to the USA: Did God Create Parasites to Make Us Sick?" (2023). Faculty Publications and Presentations. 207.
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Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 83
Aquaculture in the Seychelles: A review on challenges within the sector
Increased population numbers and the growing demand for food security globally has seen
an increase in the effort towards more sustainable practices across different sectors and
markets. Historically, and presently, the fishing sector is a significant contributor to the
economies of many countries and states internationally, especially within the Western
Indian Ocean (Christie, 2013; Groeneveld, 2015a). However, overfishing, coastal
development, natural disasters and the impacts of climate change have put enormous
pressure on this sector (Groeneveld, 2015a; EU, 2017) and the need for alternatives has
become pertinent in recent times. According to the EU Food from the Ocean Report (2017),
the most feasible alternative with greatest potential to contribute to sustainable fisheries is
mariculture, or marine aquaculture, of especially lower trophic level organisms such as
algae, molluscs and crustaceans.
Dwindling fish stocks not only impact food security, but most species of economic value are
keystone species within the ecosystem and their removal from such positions have cascading
effects on the trophic interactions and ultimate functioning of those systems (Baum and
Worm, 2009), be they top-down (i.e. high tropic level predators) or bottom-up (i.e. low
trophic level primary producers) interactions. Such changes could have dire consequences
for biodiversity and the resilience of coastal systems to climate change, as well as for food
security for a country or region. Another consideration that must be noted is the increased
prevalence of contaminants in higher trophic level organisms, such as heavy metals and
pesticides that tend to bioaccumulate and pose a risk to human health and wellbeing.
Within Seychelles it is estimated that nearly 60 kilograms of fish is consumed per person per
year (Jiddawi, 2012; Groeneveld, 2015b), the highest level of consumption for the island
nations of the Western Indian Ocean (i.e. Mauritius, Madagascar, Tanzania and Zanzibar,
Kenya, Mozambique and Comoros). According to the FAO (2016), global per capita
consumption of fish averages between 11 and 12 kg. This highlights the high dependence of
Seychelles on fisheries as a protein source and, consequently, its vulnerability should there
be a collapse in the sector.
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 84
In addition to the local consumption of fish, Seychelles also has a large tuna processing and
canning factory that accounts for nearly 95% of its domestic exports (Heilemann et al.,
2009; ASCLME, 2012). Furthermore, artisanal fishing is important socially and
economically for the communities of Seychelles with most catches being sold at local
markets. Seychelles has an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of approximately 1.4 million
km2 which is mainly exploited by foreign longliners and purse-seiners that target larger
pelagic species (Groenewald, 2015a). As with most other countries, Seychelles is faced with
a number of challenges regarding its fisheries, which include illegal, unreported or
unregulated (IUU) fishing, coastal habitat destruction including coral bleaching, harmful
algal blooms (HABs), and a lack of resources to adequately manage and enforce regulations.
In addition, the reliance on the fishing sector for economic benefit and food security
increases the vulnerability posed in light of climate change (SAPEA, 2017; EU, 2017).
Accordingly, alternatives have been identified and are being sought to address these issues.
In 2011, the Seychelles Mariculture Master Plan was formulated with the focus being
developing marine aquaculture within the coastal regions of the Islands, which coincides
with the Sustainable Development Strategies (2012 – 2020) and the Blue Economy
Roadmap for Seychelles (2018 – 2030). Mariculture has also been highlighted as a means to
create new economic sectors that would be sustainable and drivers of employment for the
local communities in the long term.
Mariculture, despite showing global growth of 6.8% to 9% per year since the 1980s (FAO,
2012; Mmochi, 2015; SAPEA, 2017), is a new industry in many coastal African countries
and Small Island Developing States (SIDS). In spite of this growth, development of
mariculture in Seychelles has been slow, seldom passing the feasibility studies for a number
of targeted species.
Global projections for future consumption of fish highlights the significant contribution that
aquaculture can make. According to FAO data (2014), the global production from
aquaculture, both freshwater and marine, peaked in 2012 to approximately 90 million
tonnes of fish and plant biomass, and in 2015 estimates from mariculture production alone
was set at 56 million tonnes (FAO, 2016). This was on par with wild caught fish production
and highlighted the importance of more sustainable practices and the consequent increased
food security for a number of countries, such as Tilapia production in Egypt. Furthermore,
it is estimated that aquaculture contribution (mainly freshwater) to fish consumption by
2025 could be as high as 28.5 million tonnes, assuming a growth rate of 1.5% per year
(FAO, 2016), while the World Bank (2013) estimates consumption growth of 1.1% per year
by 2030 with substantial contribution by aquaculture. This potential growth of the
aquaculture sector depends on factors such as the target species and their protein
requirements (fish-in, fish-out ratio); wild caught stocks; human population growth, and;
nutritional challenges and security (incl. food sources high in micronutrients, fatty acids and
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 85
vitamins) (SAPEA, 2017). To date Asia, especially China, is the main producer of
mariculture and aquaculture products (90% of the sector), whilst Europe contributes
approximately 5% to global aquaculture production, South and North America
approximately 4%, and Africa and Oceania the remainder (i.e. 1%; FAO, 2014, Mmochi,
The objective of this review is to critically evaluate the feasibility of mariculture for
economic growth and food security within the context of a Small Island Developing State.
Although there are ample policies and frameworks already developed and adopted by
numerous countries and states, they can only come into fruition when there is public and
The need for alternative fish sources and food security It is well known that the human population has increased significantly over the last century
and is set to continue to grow to a staggering 11 billion people by 2100 (UN Projections). It
is therefore expected that fish consumption globally is also set to increase significantly
(Krause et al., 2015). According to SAPEA (2017), approximately 8 million tonnes of fish
were consumed in 1976, a period when the human population size was estimated at 4
billion people. More recent figures (2012) showed global fish consumption to be 58 million
tonnes at a time when global human population reached 7 billion people and 138 million
tonnes in 2015 (Fig. 1). This points to a potential ten-fold increase in fish consumption
(directly and indirectly) in relation to population increase, highlighting the potential future
demand for fishery resources.
Figure 1. Total human population numbers and fish consumption in 1976, 2012 and 2015, highlighting the significant
increase in consumption over a period of nearly 40 years
(Mt = million tonnes)
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 86
With increased demand, there is a need for enhanced food security. Alternatives, such as
mariculture, would need to address issues such as: 1) sufficiency of the species/sources in
meeting the needs and preferences of the people; 2) nutritional and safety concerns; 3)
whether the sources are sustainable for present and future generations; 4) resilience of
sources to adverse conditions; 5) legal and ethical standards; and 6) accessibility and
affordability of the sources to all (SAPEA, 2017). Ingram et al. (2011) summarise these
aspects into three main components, namely: 1) Utilisation – nutritional and social value,
and food safety (incl. biosecurity); 2) Access – the affordability, allocation and preference of
the stocks to people; and 3) Availability – the production, distribution and exchange of
resources locally, regionally and globally. How, then, does regional and local mariculture
production address these components and issues? Additionally, how is the natural
environment likely to respond to both land- and cage-based aquaculture operations?
Regional mariculture production
Within the Western Indian Ocean, fish production is a major source of economic growth
and food security to countries and communities. Mainland countries of the region such as
Mozambique, Tanzania (including Zanzibar), and Kenya, as well as Madagascar, can
greatly supplement their fishery production with agricultural food production. SIDS such as
Seychelles, Mauritius, Reunion, Mayotte and Comoros, however, rely heavily on their
artisanal and small-scale fishing for food security and livelihoods for their citizens. All these
countries are extremely vulnerable to climate change and economic instability in light of
their fishing resources, and alternative food production has been sought in all of these
nations (FAO, 2014). Aquaculture within the East African countries (i.e. Mozambique,
Tanzania and Kenya) has mainly focused on freshwater species such as Oreochromis
mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia), O. niloticus (Nile tilapia), Clarias gariepinus (African
catfish), and some Onchorynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) (Rukanda, 2016; Van Duijn et al.,
2018; Van Der Heijden et al., 2018). Marine aquaculture is mainly centred at the coasts of
these countries and includes species such as Chanos (milkfish), Mugil cephalus (mullet),
Peneaus modon (tiger prawn), and several different seaweed species, i.e. Kappaphyrus alvarezii,
Eucheuma sp., Saccharina japonica, Gracilaria sp., Undaria pinnatifeda and Pyropia (Porphyra)
species (Table 1). The success of these operations varies between countries and regions, and
currently are underdeveloped and under-exploited in most.
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 87
Table 1. Common species cultivated in mariculture systems within the Western Indian Ocean SIDS
(x = currently in production, x* = experimental production, x** = discontinued production)
Species Common Name MZ TA KY CO MD SY MA RE#
denticulatum Red algae x x
Kappaphycus alvarezii Red algae x x
Kappaphycus striatum Red algae
Spirulina Blue-green algae
Anadara antiquata Clams
Crassostrea cucullata Oyster
Holothuria scabra Sea cucumber
Pinctada margaritifera Black-lipped oyster
Tripneustes gratilla Sea Urchin
Artemia Brine shrimp
Penaeus indicus Prawn x
Penaeus monodon Tiger prawn x
Scylla serrata Mud crab
Argyrosomis japonicas Dusky kob x
Chanos Milkfish x x X
Mugil cephalus Mullet x
Oreochromis nilotus Nile Tilapia
Rachycentron canadum Cobia x
Rhabdosargus sarba Seabream
Scyanops ocellatus Red drum
Siganus sutor Rabbitfish
MZ = Mozambique, TA = Tanzania (incl. Zanzibar), KY = Kenya, CO = Comoros, MD = Madagascar, SY = Seychelles, MA =
Mauritius, RE# = Reunion and Mayotte
Reunion and Mayotte have shown considerable success in mariculture since establishment
in the 1990s. Developments in these regions are actively pursued and spearheaded by
‘l’Association Réunionanaise de Développement de l’Aquaculture’ (ARDA) and the
Mayotte Aquaculture Development Association (AQUAMAY), which is supported by the
IFREMER (Institut français de recherce pour l’exploitation de la mer). This highlights the
valuable contribution that science and innovation can make, and has made, to the sector,
especially with regards to feed production and reproductive technologies. Tanzania also has
a longstanding aquaculture sector that started in 1946, primarily with Nile tilapia and
rainbow trout. This industry has grown from 925 tonnes production in 2010 to ~2800
tonnes in 2015 consisting chiefly of tilapia and catfish. Its mariculture sector has also seen
growth since the 1970s to include a production of approximately 1170 tonnes of dry
seaweeds in 2015 (Rukanda, 2016) with further ~ 320 tonne production of milkfish, crab,
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 88
oysters and shrimp production in pond systems along the coasts. However, very high feed
and production costs pose risks to the continued success of these sectors. Kenya has several
different experimental operations for aquaculture species based both in ponds and cages,
and production from these were estimated at approximately 12,000 tonnes in 2013 (Rothius
et al., 2014). However, due to a lack of funding, knowledge and skills, most of these
operations did not progress past the experimental phase and were discontinued (Iltis and
Ranaivason, 2011; Lesperance, 2011; Mirera, 2011; Mmochi, 2015).
Figure 2. Challenges to aquaculture development within the WIO based on desktop analyses of literature (frequency of
Similar instances of experimental aquaculture studies are found for the region and similar
reasons for the lack in progress to full production are given in Table 2.
Table 2. Highlighted constraints on mariculture development within SIDS of the Western Indian Ocean.
MZ TA KY CO MD SY MA
Political conflict x
Restrictive policies x x
Lack of investment x x x x x x
Insufficient space x
Unreliable infrastructure x
Environmental constraints x
Lack: Skilled workers x x x x x x
Lack: Biological x x x x
Lack: Production x x x x x x
Biosecurity & disease risk x
Feed High feed costs x
Poor quality feeds x x
Seed/Spat Access to broodstock x x
Quality: Seed / Spat x
Market access x x x
Poor market performance
Competition with established markets
High operational costs x x
Historical dependence on wild caught
MZ = Mozambique, TA = Tanzania (incl. Zanzibar), KY = Kenya, CO = Comoros, MD = Madagascar, SY = Seychelles, MA =
Policy & Regulations
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 89
Environmental restrictions to mariculture
Aside from the highlighted constraints provided in the above table, there are some natural
restrictions to mariculture that would influence its success within SIDS. Adequate space, be
it land-based or sea-based facilities, and the environmental impact of aquaculture operations
on natural systems are concerns often highlighted in environmental impact assessments
(EIAs) from stakeholders and the public. Another possible restriction is water quality for
both the intake to the aquaculture facilities and the discharge of effluent from them. If intake
water quality is poor, it would necessitate the pre-treatment either through filtrations (e.g.
drumfilters, foam fractionators, settling ponds) and/or chemical reactions (e.g. pH
buffering, ozone or UV treatment). This could increase capital and operational costs
significantly through infrastructure development, equipment purchase and maintenance,
employment of skilled labour, and continuous water quality testing. If the operation is based
within the natural environment (i.e. sea-based cages), poor water quality would have
impacts on the production output of the facility, be it reduced growth, poor animal health,
biosecurity concerns or high levels of contaminant accumulation in the animals/production
units. More recently, effluent quality has also been highlighted as a concern. Most land-
based mariculture facilities, including hatcheries, quarantine areas and early rearing tanks,
operate on flow-through systems where water is pumped from the coast, through tanks or
ponds, and then discharged back into the coastal environment. Mariculture facilities often
use formulated feeds in their production systems, including high densities of animals that all
produce waste, meaning that the effluent is generally high in nutrients and suspended
particulates that can potentially lead to adverse impacts within the discharge zones (FAO,
2018). The concept of dilution at discharge outfall points is disputed between scientists,
environmentalists, authorities and owners of lines. It has, however, become increasingly
relevant that precautionary measures be taken with regards to limitations being set on the
quality of water being discharged back into the environment. Standards for effluent
discharge quality have been and are being set for various mariculture operations, and are
often included in the permit regulations for the facility. According to the EU (2018), the
cumulative effect of mariculture and anthropogenic impacts must be considered when
determining the overall spatial impact of the operation, and this should include discharge
outfall. Linked to discharge is the concern of accidental escape of commercial stock into the
natural environment including gametes released during random spawning events. Land-
based operations would require sufficient screens or sterilisation processes prior to discharge
of effluent into the environment. For sea-based operations, routine inspection and repair of
cages and nets will have to be conducted to ensure escapees are prevented as far as possible.
Escapees pose a threat to the natural environment for reasons such as: 1) potentially being
an invasive exotic species to the respective environment and affecting biodiversity in the
long-term; 2) impacting the genetic health of the natural population as commercial stocks
are generally selected for specific traits; and 3) acting as vectors for disease that can be
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 90
introduced into the natural environment (FAO, 2018). To this end, many policies and
regulations for mariculture are based on the risk posed by target species for cultivation, with
exotic species generally limited to highly controlled and isolated facilities, e.g. land-based
recirculation tanks, or through mandating sterile stock being used in grow-out production,
e.g. infertile males or females. The high-density stocking of animals in aquaculture
production systems often increases the risk of disease and parasitic infection (Lafferty et al.,
2015) and pose a threat to production output and the surrounding environment. Therefore,
biosecurity systems are vital to healthy, productive aquaculture facilities and must be pro-
active and preventative, rather than reactive (FAO, 2018). Examples of disease incidences
within the mariculture sector include Red Sea Bream Iridoviral disease that caused major
mortalities in farmed Pagnus major in Japan in 1990 – the disease can infect a number of
other finfish species as well (IOE, 2019); and Perkinsus marinus infection in oyster and clam
aquaculture production systems that cause high mortalities in both juveniles and adults
(IOE, 2019). Consequently, sound policies and regulations must be developed, adopted and
implemented at national government level. Due to the interconnectivity of ocean systems
however, it is also important that biosecurity concerns are discussed and managed through
bi- or multilateral agreements with neighbouring or regional countries. To this end, the
FAO has been implementing a regional dialogue regarding biosecurity within specifically
the Southern African Developing Community (SADC) since 2014 which highlights some
areas for collaboration and improvement. Within Seychelles, biosecurity concerns are
legislated in the Animal and Plant Biosecurity Act of 2014, previously falling under the
Principal Veterinary Officer within the Ministry of Natural Resources and Industry, and
currently under the new National Biosecurity Agency within the Ministry of Fisheries and
Agriculture. The main focus being on the health requirements for import and export control.
Globally, health certification is required for the export of live aquaculture and very limited
wild caught species for human consumption, with the standards being set by the market as
well as some international standards such as TRACES (Trade Control and Export System),
International Sanitary Certification (OIE Listed diseases control), and importing country
specifications (FAO, 2018). It should be noted that live export also includes the exportation
of eggs, larvae/spat and juveniles for grow-out on other aquaculture operations, and would
entail more stringent requirements being met for animal health in the country of destination
as per the OIE Aquatic Animal Health Code and Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals.
The regulatory authority for each country is thus responsible not only for the certification of
live aquatic animals for export, but also for the importation of live animals (and animal
products) that are certified healthy and free from relevant OIE-listed diseases. Within
Seychelles, very little importation of live aquatic animals occurs, being limited to some
freshwater ornamental species for aquariums. Currently, these do not require an aquatic
animal health certificate, but should be accompanied by a certificate of good health and
attestation regarding freedom of OIE-listed diseases (FAO, 2018). Import applications for
Seychelles are managed by the Ministry of Environment which grants approval prior to the
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 91
issuing of a veterinary import permit. This could cause confusion regarding where the
responsibility lies with regard to the implementation of legislation, policies and regulations,
testing and development of contingencies, as the Veterinary Services are situated in the
Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, whilst at the same time the Fish Inspection and
Quality Control Unit and the Seychelles Bureau of Standards sits within another department
altogether. For the export of live aquaculture animals, Seychelles is currently formulating
the required policies and regulations under the Biosecurity Agency’s Biosecurity Operation
Manual for the Inter-Island transportation of regulated articles.
Mariculture has been highlighted as an opportunity for Seychelles not only with regards to
food security but also as part of its drive towards a Blue Economy. Some of the advantages
listed in the Mariculture Master Plan (2011) include: diversification of economy (i.e. new
financial opportunities), food security, reduced fishing pressure on wild caught species (e.g.
snapper and grouper), education, and social and economic upliftment of communities
through job creation within the value chain. Through initial government support,
Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) have been completed for the
Mariculture Master Plan (MMP) that highlighted potential areas for mariculture
development, including potential target species for production, together with Environmental
Management Plans (EMPs) for the various stages of development that will aim to mitigate
against any negative environmental impacts. Key aspects for consideration of mariculture
development in Seychelles are listed in Table 3. In the ESIA the feasibility of selected target
species has been investigated mainly through a desktop study and is presented in Table 4.
Due to progress in the development of pilot mariculture projects in Seychelles being slow, it
cannot yet be established whether the proposed mitigation steps would be feasible within the
Seychelles systems over the short term. Nevertheless, steps have been taken towards some of
these through policy formulation and some training of key personnel with regards to animal
health and biosecurity (www.seyaquaculture.com). The Seychelles Aquaculture Regulation
and Standards however, have yet to be gazetted and the postponement thereof could result
in compounded delays. Construction of the broodstock holding and quarantine facility has
commenced and would house locally caught mature individuals of emperor red snapper,
grouper, pompano and marine ornamentals. In addition sea urchin holding and seaweed
tanks are being set up in a separate area adjacent to the brood stock facility. Acclimation of
broodstock and induced spawning would then have to be determined through research trails
to determine optimal conditions for the Seychelles systems. Post-spawning handling of
larvae and the cultivation of microalgae would also be required through research trails. Such
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 92
trails can be extensive and would require skilled and knowledgeable staff to ensure progress
is made and the operation is successful.
Table 3. Key aspects of concern during the operational phase of mariculture finfish cage culturing in the Seychelles as
identified in the ESIA (SFA, 2016a; 2016b) Aspect Risk Level Addressed in EIA Legislative / Policy Support
TSS, Organic Waste
Localised – Deep water,
Yes, 2016 ESIA
Report (pp 117- 118)
Seychelles Aquaculture Standards (yet
to be gazetted)
Limited – Controlled used of
Seychelles Aquaculture Standards (yet
to be gazetted)
Disease & Parasites Moderate – animal health
Animal and Plant Protection Act (No
10) of 2014
Genetic Cross-overs Limited – Use wild caught
broodstock; Physical barriers
Yes, 2016 ESIA
Report (pp 120 –
Seychelles Aquaculture Standard:
Hatchery Biosecurity Protocol,
Responsible Finfish Cage Aquaculture
Limited – Use of bright
colour mooring lines & nets;
Regular inspections; Correct
Limited – Visual deterrents;
Correct husbandry for target
stocks (fish handling,
Seaweeds (with the exception of limited production for inclusion in feed of sea urchin
projects) have been omitted from the list of potential target aquaculture species for
Seychelles. Considering the global trend in using aquaculture to produce organisms of lower
trophic levels, especially seaweeds, and the success of seaweed cultivation in Tanzania, it is
surprising that this option is not being explored by Seychelles. The environmental impacts
of in situ seaweed cultivation is limited and production costs are generally low due to almost
no requirement for chemicals or feeds in the production system (Mmochi, 2015). Including
seaweed production in an integrated polyculture production system could ensure that water
quality issues be ameliorated through nutrient uptake, whilst also providing natural feed to
species and thereby reduce feed costs. Numerous seaweed species also have alternative uses
that have high commercial value such as the cosmetic industry (carrageenan and agar
extraction), pharmaceuticals (e.g. PhycoTrixTM bio-fibres (Dinoro, 2016)), health additives
(Winberg et al., 2011) and more recently as alternatives to plastic products (Ferrero et al.,
2014) and as packaging material (e.g. edible food wrappers (Siah et al., 2015)).
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 93
Name Diet Biology Reproduction Larval Stage Larval Diet
Stage Market Size
Snapper Lutjanus sebae Carnivorous
Late Maturity (8-
diet & starter
6 - 22 months 400 g - 2.5kg
diet & starter
6 - 22 months 400 g - 2.5kg
Late Maturity (~
diet & starter
10 - 18 months 1 - 2kg
diet & starter
9 – 10 months 450g
seasonally / year-
18 days – larvae
60 days - spat
12 months -
Spat bags; 18 -
10 - 14mm
Sea Cucumber Holothuria
seasonally / year-
12 - 16 days –
25 – 30 days - spat
12 months 200 - 400g
Sea Urchin Tripneustes
3 - 30 days – larvae
30 – 60 days – spat
60 – 80 days -
15 - 24%
Table 4. List of targeted species for Seychelles aquaculture development and their basic requirements for production (Advance Africa, 2019)
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 94
Considerations for mariculture in Seychelles
The impacts of mariculture operations are mainly driven by the type of facilities required
(cage, ponds, tanks), the species selected, intensity of the operation (tonnage and production
output), technology (i.e. domestication, selective breeding programmes), surrounding
environment, waste production and water quality, and biosecurity concerns (Troell et al.,
2011; Mmochi, 2015). Obtaining broodstock for commercial production requires the
collection of wild, mature breeding stock and conditioning them to scheduled spawning
induction. Firstly, this may result in a decrease in natural breeding stocks with potential
impacts on natural populations and trophic interactions, but this is likely to be limited and
potentially offset by the decrease in pressure on wild caught fisheries through aquaculture
production output in the long run. Secondly, parentage of wild stocks are not known and
should breeding programmes include commercial offspring (F3 and upwards generations),
the risk of inbreeding may be present. Genotype investigation can help in reducing this risk,
and over time may contribute to selective breeding programmes. However, such analyses
and programmes require technical skills and knowledge, and incur additional costs to
operations. Aquaforsk Genetics® is an example of how selective breeding programmes
within the aquaculture industry have ensured continued high production output with stocks
that are disease resistant and fast growing for various species including salmon, tilapia,
prawn and abalone to name a few (www.aquaforskgenetics.com). However, decades of
specialised research and technological innovations have been needed to obtain these results.
Finfish and prawn also have relatively fast growth and reproduction rates, making such
selective programmes easier to implement as opposed to programmes with slow-growing
species such as abalone, which are slower in reaching sexual maturity, or in the case of
Seychelles red snapper and grouper (~9 years). Commercially important species such as
prawn and finfish also require a high protein- (often fishmeal) based diet (FAO, 2014). This
demand further increases the pressure on natural fish stock, and innovative methods are and
have been developed to ensure that fish by-products and bycatches can be utilised instead of
whole natural fish. The use of insect derived proteins is also being explored as alternatives to
fish- and/or poultry-meal (Biancarosa et al., 2019; Fontes et al., 2019) and can aid in
reducing the dependency on wild caught fisheries to sustain the aquaculture sector.
Including natural feeds such as microalgae, macroalgae and seaweeds can further ensure
that formulated feed consumption is reduced whilst maintaining productivity. In addition,
integrated multi-trophic polyculture systems may ensure the optimal use of any fish and feed
waste, thereby increasing production output. Human health and food hygiene and safety are
also important considerations with regards to the large-scale production of any organism
within confined spaces. Aspects such as chemical and veterinary drug residues are priority
areas with regards to ensuring food (especially from animal origin) is fit for human
consumption. More recently, the presence of micro-plastics has also been highlighted with
regards to food safety and can potentially have huge impacts on food production from the
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 95
ocean (SAPEA, 2017; EU, 2017). Continuous monitoring by the Seychelles Fishing
Authority (SFA) has shown that selected contaminants such as heavy metals are well below
the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) limits for human consumption for a number of top
predatory fish (SFA, Unpublished data). Nevertheless, some concern exists with regards to
leachate from waste dumping areas within the coastal zones of the Inner Islands and can
pose some risk to aquaculture production in the future if left unchecked (Lesperance pers.
comm.). Plastic pollution also poses a risk and warrants additional research. Currently, the
University of Plymouth, through the Oceans Without Limits Foundation, is conducting
research on marine plastic pollution and micro-plastics within Seychelles. Results from this
and similar studies will aid in elucidating the impact of plastics on fisheries in Seychelles.
Progress to date
Considerable steps have been taken towards the development of aquaculture within
Seychelles. In 2015, Lesperance and Hecht provided an overview of the history of
aquaculture in Seychelles and highlighted challenges faced at that time and previously
(Table 5). Since then the Mariculture Master Plan has been finalised, ESIA and EMPS have
been formulated, Environmental Authorisation has been granted, and construction on the
broodstock, acclimation and quarantine holding facility has been started. Policies and
standards have been formulated, i.e. Seychelles Aquaculture Regulation and associated
Standards, however these have yet to be gazetted and applied. Training of key personnel has
started, although there is still a heavy reliance on foreign skilled technical staff and
expertise. Investment opportunities should arise with improvements in Seychelles fiscal
standings and its financial sector. There has also been an active drive to promote public
interest in aquaculture and the Blue Economy, to both garner support for the sector as well
as increase local knowledge about aquaculture and the associated opportunities within the
The lack of progress beyond the experimental phase, however, is cause for concern. Initial
investments into these programmes require sustained drive and motivation to support them
in the long-term. It is often envisaged that aquaculture facilities will provide income,
employment and revenue to stakeholders and the country within a couple of years of
operation. However, these expectations are often unrealistic as the return on investment can
take up to 10 years, even for species with very high market value such as abalone.
Consequently, feasibility studies must include long-term operational goals and key
performance indicators that will drive the process beyond the initial phases, as well as
employ skilled personnel, specifically in the operational and logistical roles for animal
production units. Development of infrastructure can also be phased and grow-out expanded
as the production capacity increases. This will ensure that the projects are not over
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 96
capitalised initially. Leasing infrastructure may also aid in reducing the initial capital
investment of smaller companies, or even the small-scale aquaculture sector. Market access
is another vital aspect of aquaculture, and presently access to established markets is key to
the success of any venture. Often, partnerships with companies that already have that access
is encouraged, and for SIDS this may be a viable solution to gain market access. Locally,
government support for aquaculture ventures must extend to sound policy formulation and
enabling regulations that do not place unnecessary restrictions on the industry. These can
include clear tax incentives, well-managed import and export regulations, and skilled
observers with regards to animal health and food safety and hygiene. The value chain of
aquaculture should also be clearly highlighted in the feasibility studies and should include
the support services to operations such as electricity and water supply, maintenance artisans
(including mechanics, plumbers, and millwrights), quality assurance, processing,
canning/drying, warehousing, and logistics. Showcasing the added benefits to various
sectors will further garner support and investment into the sector, and will further highlight
the interdisciplinary nature of a true Blue Economy.
Table 5. Previously identified challenges to aquaculture development in Seychelles and their progress to date Challenge Addressed Way forward
Poor knowledge Partially Drive to promote Aquaculture & Blue economy
Lack of public interest Partially Active demonstrations, visitor centre, mainstream media
Competition with artisanal fishery Partially Will require continuous engagement and providing alternatives
to livelihoods (i.e. value added chain)
Lack of strategic planning Yes MMP & Blue Economy Roadmap (currently)
Aquaculture Sector Development Plan, SFA Strategic Plan &
Aquaculture Policy (awaiting approval)
Lack of investment (due to poor fiscal
performance of country post 2008)
Yes Overall Seychelles financial status has improved and should
continue to do so thereby appealing to potential investors.
High operational costs No Extremely high costs of electricity compared to other countries
Construction costs also very high in Seychelles
Scientific / Technical skills shortage Partially Some training has occurred with regards to animal health and
biosecurity, however, foreign expertise is still required
Legislative frameworks Partially Aquaculture Standard and Regulations have been formulated,
but yet to be approved and applied.
Government support Yes MMP and Blue Economy Roadmap. It is vital that there be a
champion for aquaculture that will continue to garner support
for the sector. In addition, institutional support through
creation and staffing of the Aquaculture Division within SFA.
Increased demand on wild caught fisheries have and will continue to have a significant
impact on natural stocks and consequently on food security and the economy of Seychelles.
Aquaculture, globally, has increased substantially over the last few decades with countries
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 97
such as China, Korea, Norway, Chile and many more leading the way in innovative
technologies and production systems. The Western Indian Ocean region has great potential
for aquaculture development, especially in light of the high dependence on fisheries for
economic and food stability. However, to date, very little progress has been made in this
sector despite experimental trials in a number of countries within the WIO. Challenges most
often include lack of adequate knowledge and skills in this sector, difficulty in obtaining
investment and market access, high operational and feed costs, and poor seed/spat quality,
as well as poor infrastructure support such as electricity supply and transportation. For
Seychelles in particular, high operational costs, lack of investment, insufficient knowledge
and skills, as well as competition with a strong artisanal fishing sector have proven to be
challenging in establishing aquaculture as a viable and productive sector of the economy.
Nevertheless, great progress has been made over the last 5 years through strong government
support and the Blue Economy platform garnering financial and local support for
aquaculture development. To this end, the MMP has been developed, legislative
frameworks have been formulated and better overall strategic planning has been conducted.
The momentum that has been created however, must be maintained through continued
research, engagement and the active pursuit of investment and markets. Partnerships with
established companies within the aquaculture sector may be advantageous in this regard and
should be pursued. The success of the broodstock facility will highly influence the way
forward for aquaculture in Seychelles, both through the successful spawning of target
species for grow-out production, as well as in developing local expertise and knowledge in
the sector. Consequently, research and development must remain the focus during this
initial phase, together with procedural development and skills training. Aquaculture
development in Seychelles will be a long term process and would require a champion to
ensure that support is maintained over the lifetime of the project from government, the
public and investors.
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Emperor Red Snapper, Lutjanus sebae. Prepared for Seychelles Fisheries Authority: Aquaculture, p18.
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Mangrove Snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus. Prepared for Seychelles Fisheries Authority: Aquaculture, p18.
Advance Africa Management Services (2019). Seychelles Mariculture Master Plan: Aquaculture Fact Sheet –Brown-
Marbled Grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Prepared for Seychelles Fisheries Authority: Aquaculture, p16.
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Lipped Pearl Oyster, Pinctada margaritifera. Prepared for Seychelles Fisheries Authority: Aquaculture, p17.
Seychelles Research Journal, Volume 1, Number 2, August 2019 Page 98
Advance Africa Management Services (2019). Seychelles Mariculture Master Plan: Aquaculture Fact Sheet – Sea
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insect meal in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) does not impact the amount of contaminants in the feed
and it lowers accumulation of arsenic in the fillet. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A.
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Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia, p85.
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that does not deprive future generations of their benefits? High Level Group of Scientific Advisors – Scientific
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enforced plastics (NFRP) based on biobased polyethylene and waste fibres from Posidonia oceanica seaweed.
Polymer Composites 36(8). http://doi.org/10.1002/pc.23042.
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Fontes, T.V., Rodrigues Batista de Oliveira, K., Gomes Almeida, L.L., Orlando, T.M., Rodrigues, P.B.,
Vicente da Costa, D. and Viera e Rosa. (2019). Digestibility of Insect Meals for Nile Tilapia fingerlings.
Animals, 9, pp181-189.
Groeneveld, J. (2015a). Chapter 20: the Western Indian Ocean as a Source of Food In: Regional State of the
Coastal Report: Western Indian Ocean, J. Paula (ed.). UNEP/Nairobi Conventions Secretariat/WIOMSA,
Groeneveld, J. (2015b). Chapter 21: Capture Fisheries In: Regional State of the Coastal Report: Western Indian
Ocean, J. Paula (ed.). UNEP/Nairobi Conventions Secretariat/WIOMSA, Kenya, pp273-288.
Hecht, T. (2013). Aquaculture in Seychelles: History, current state of play and lessons learnt. Advance Africa
Management Services. African Union Inter African Bureau for Animals Resources. www.au-ibat.org
Heilemann, S., Lutjeharms, J.R.E. and Scott, L.E.P. (2009). A comprehensive overview of the Agulhas and Somali
Coastal Current LMEs. The Agulhas and Somali Current Large Marine Ecosystem Project.
Iltis, J. and Ranaivoson, E. (2011). A synopsis of marine aquaculture in Madagascar, In: Mariculture in the
WIO Region “Challenges and Prospects” Proceedings from the Workshop on Mariculture, December 2009, M. Troell, T.
Hecht, M. Beveridge, S. Stead, I. Bryceson, N. Kautsky, F. Ollevier and A. Mmochi (eds.). WIOMSA Book
Series No. 11, pp17-18, Tanzania.
Ingram, J. (2011). A good systems approach to researching food security and its interactions with global
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Krausse, G., Brugere, C., Diedrich, A., Ebeling, M.W., Ferse, S.C., Mikkelsen, E., Pérez Agúndez, J.A.,
Stead, S.M., Strybel, N. and Troell, M. (2015). A revolution without people? Closing the people-policy gap in
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Annual Review of Marine Science, 7, pp471-496.
Lesperance, A.D. (2011). Mariculture development in Seychelles and other Western Indian Ocean Island
States: An overview of challenges and prospects, In: Mariculture in the WIO Region “Challenges and Prospects”
Proceedings from the Workshop on Mariculture, December 2009, M. Troell, T. Hecht, M. Beveridge, S. Stead, I.
Bryceson, N. Kautsky, F. Ollevier and A. Mmochi (eds.). WIOMSA Book Series No. 11, pp19-22,
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history of aquaculture development in the Seychelles. Island Studies / Indian Ocean – Océan Indien, 3, pp 34-40.
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earthen ponds in Kenya. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science ,10, pp59-71.
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Paula (ed.). UNEP/Nairobi Conventions Secretariat/WIOMSA, Kenya, pp289-304.
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J.B. (2014). Aquaculture in East Africa: A regional approach. Wageningen University and Research Centre.
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(2011). Mariculture in the WIO region – Introduction and some perspectives, In: Mariculture in the WIO Region
“Challenges and Prospects” Proceedings from the Workshop on Mariculture, December 2009, M. Troell, T. Hecht, M.
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11, pp1-5, Tanzania.
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East Africa: Part 3. Tanzania. Study conduct for Msingi East Africa by Wageningen University and Research,
The Netherlands, p56.
Van Duijn, A.R., Van Der Heijden, P.G.M., Bolman, B. and Rurangwa, E. (2018). Review and analyses of small-
scale aquaculture production in East Africa: Summary and Recommendations. Study conduct for Msingi East Africa
by Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands, p 48.
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discussion paper No 3. Washington DC.
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17579 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Nuette joined the University of Seychelles in January 2019. She is a Senior Lecturer in the Department
of Environment and a research member of BERI. She holds a PhD in Palaeolimnology and Estuarine
Ecology from Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. Nuette has spent the last three years in the
commercial sector where she was the Research Manager for South Africa’s largest abalone aquaculture
farm. Her research interests include coastal and estuarine ecology, water quality, climate change,
harmful algal blooms, phytoplankton dynamics, diatom taxonomy and aquaculture. Her past research
experience includes postdoctoral research in shallow water ecosystems within arid regions of South
Africa that were earmarked for shale gas fracking. Nuette has also participated in a number of Reserve
Determination Studies for freshwater requirements of estuaries along the South African coastline using
GIS and modelling.
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New Methods of Detection and Characterization of Surface Flaws
Is Version Of
A new approach to microwave eddy current testing for surface cracks in metals involves the use of ferromagnetic resonance in a small garnet crystal placed close to the surface to be tested. It is well known in this case that the induced eddy currents on the metal surface cause a strong displacement of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency. The presence of a crack on the surface produces, by disturbing the eddy current pattern, a perturbation of the resonant frequency as the garnet sample passes over it. Theoretical detectability criteria for the garnet probe are developed on the basis of a magnetic perturbation relation and compared with calculations of Rayleigh wave and plate wave backward scattering and intermode scattering at a half-penny surface crack. Some experimental results are also given.
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Table of Contents:-
The consumer adoption process involves the steps individuals take when deciding to buy and use a new product or service. Understanding this process is vital for businesses because it directly affects their marketing strategies and overall success.
Consumer Adoption Process
The consumer adoption process goes through the following steps:
1) Awareness: In the first stage, the consumer becomes aware of the existence of the product. At this stage, the consumer does not have much information and has not formed any firm attitude towards the product.
2) Comprehension: At this stage, the consumer develops some knowledge about the product features and its potential.
3) Attitude: At this stage, the consumer forms some favourable or unfavourable attitude towards the product. In case, the attitude is unfavourable then the adoption process ends at this stage itself.
4) Legitimation: At this stage, the consumer gets favourably inclined towards the product and forms a favourable disposition towards the product. By utilising already available information or gathering fresh information, the individual may decide to adopt the product.
Related Article:- determinants of personality
5) Trial: At this stage, the consumer tries the product to measure the product’s utility. The product may be approved by analysing its use in an assumed situation or it may be analysed by using it fully or partially under a real situation.
6) Adoption: At this stage, the consumer decides whether he will adopt the product or not. Adoption is expressed by the continued use or purchase of the new product.
Example of Consumer Adoption Process for New Bike
1) Awareness: First of all the consumer becomes aware of the bike with the help of newspapers, exhibitions, etc.
2) Comprehension: Now, the consumer gains some information about the bike with the help of the internet and other sources.
3) Attitude: Here, a positive or negative attitude is developed about the bike.
4) Legitimation: The customer gets starting to like the bike in case of a positive attitude.
5) Trial: Now, he tries to test-drive the bike for the final decision.
6) Adoption: Now, he is sure of adopting the bike. He will buy the bike.
Consumer Choices and the Adoption Process
The modified and improved model of the adoption process includes a few forces, which affect the awareness stage. These are described below:
1) Consumer Innovativeness: The awareness of innovations is directly proportional to the innovativeness of the consumers.
2) Pre-existing Needs: Again the consumers will be more aware of an innovation if some instant seeds are fulfilled.
3) Venturesomeness and Concern towards Product Category: Consumers will tend to be more aware of product innovations if they are inclined to be daring and are concerned towards a product category.
The product innovation is continuously evaluated by the consumer. This is done based on information which reaches him through various personal and interpersonal channels. Even after the innovation is tried by the consumer, it is again evaluated and accordingly the decision is taken to continue or discontinue with the innovation. Therefore, even after adopting the product, the consumer may choose to adopt or reject the innovation in future. Similarly, after rejecting the product, the consumer may either continue with his decision or select the product in future.
- nature of marketing
- difference between questionnaire and schedule
- features of marginal costing
- placement in hrm
- limitations of marginal costing
- nature of leadership
- difference between advertising and personal selling
Consumer Adoption Meaning
The second aspect of diffusion of innovation is the adoption process. The adoption process is concerned with the mental activity of the individual as the person progresses from exposure to the innovation to the final acceptance or rejection of the same.
Adoption is defined differently for non-repurchase and repurchaseable items. In the context of non-purchasable items, the decision to buy the product is called adoption, whereas, in the context of re-purchasable items, the decision to regularly use the product is referred to as ‘adoption.
Adoption can take place only if the individual perceives the benefits/rewards of adoption to be more than the costs/ efforts required. The image given below shows the stages through which the individual passes before he finally decides to either purchase or reject a new product. The process of adoption and adopter categories are two different concepts, these should not be interchanged with each other.
Categories of Adopters
Categories of adopters include different types of adopters of innovation which are classified based on the time of adoption of the new product or innovation. Just like every product follows a pattern in the product life cycle, an innovation also goes through a similar trend in terms of adoption by consumers.
The adoption process curve is very similar to the product life cycle (PLC) curve. The image shows that the adoption process follows the bell-shaped normal curve over time. It starts very slowly but then picks up pace as the innovation is adopted by more and more consumers. It then reaches a plateau and finally decreases in intensity. The description of the various categories is as follows:
After becoming aware of the innovation and collecting more information about new products, only 2.5 per cent of individuals proceeded with the trial decision. Such individuals are called the innovators or the pioneers of the new idea. These people are venturesome and want to try out new features and properties. They are receptive to new ideas, as they are willing to try out new products and innovations without being over-cautious. By nature, these people are extroverts, well-educated and followers of high-class lifestyles.
2) Early Adopters
These form the next 13.5 per cent of the consumers who decide to purchase the new product. These do not make the purchase decision immediately when the product gets launched in the market. They purchase the product quite early but only after verifying all the product details from their sources, In that sense, they are more risk averse compared to the innovators.
It has been found that early adopters are typically opinion leaders in their society or community. In terms of their personality characteristics, they are educated, have high social status, high financial capability and have a greater appetite for risk about new products compared to the average consumer.
3) Early Majority
This forms the next 34 per cent of the consumers who adopt the new product or idea. Compared to the innovators and early adoptérs, the early majority of consumers are more cautious and thoughtful about buying any new product. They do not get easily influenced by new products but wait for the initial feedback from the innovators or early adopters. Generally, the early majority group comprised of individuals from the middle class with a sound level of education, employment and income.
4) Late Majority
The late majority group is represented by the next 34 per cent of the consumers, who adopt the innovation. Unlike the first three segments, the late majority of individuals are more traditional and strictly adhere to their routine purchase decisions. They do not accept change very easily. They accept the new product only when a significant public response is generated supporting the new product. The late majority of individuals are from moderate social status, with moderate levels of education, employment, income, and purchasing power.
This category of consumers adopts the innovation in the last. They are the last 16 per cent of the total consumers, who adopt the innovation or new product. As the name signifies, the laggards lag in the adoption of new products and innovation. They follow a conservative lifestyle and are governed by traditions. They always show a doubtful attitude towards change. Laggards are unable to ignore their doubtful and cautious attitude during their purchase.
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Dol Starter Control Circuit Wiring Diagram:
This diagram shows how to make Dol Starter Control Circuit Wiring Diagram. In this circuit, we use a stop switch, a start switch, an SP MCB ( Single Pole Miniature Circuit Breaker ), TP MCB ( Tripple Pole Minature Circuit Breaker ), a magnetic contactor, an overload, two indicator lights, a 3 phase motor. This circuit is very simple and easy to make. If you want to know more details about this circuit please check our youtube video below the post and stay with us for more updates.
Components needed For this Project:
You can get the components from any of the sites below:
- Stop Switch [See Buy Click Amazon]
- Start Switch [See Buy Click Amazon]
- SP MCB [See Buy Click Amazon]
- TP MCB [See Buy Click Amazon]
- Magnetic Contactor [See Buy Click Amazon]
- Overload Relay [See Buy Click Amazon]
- Three-Phase Motor [See Buy Click Amazon]
- Indicator Light [See Buy Click Amazon]
*Please note: These are affiliate links. I may make a commission if you buy the components through these links. I would appreciate your support in this way!
Components used to make the Dol Starter Control Circuit Wiring:
An NC (Normally Closed) Push Button is a Push Button That, In Its Default State, Makes Electrical Contact With The Circuit. An NC (Normally Closed) Push Button is a Push Button that, in its Default State, Makes electrical Contact With the Circuit. When The Button Is Pressed Down, The Switch no Longer Makes Electrical Contact And The Circuit is Now Open. When The Button is Not Pressed, Electricity Can Flow, But When it is Pressed The Circuit is Broken. This type Of Switch is Also known As a Normally Closed (NC) Switch.
02. Start Switch:
NO (Normally Open) Terms Refer to a Type of Dry Contact or Wet Contact. A ‘Push to Make’ Switch Allows Electricity to flow Between its two contacts when held in. When the button is released, the Circuit is broken. This type of Switch has also known as A Normally Open (NO) Switch. As its name implies, a Normally Open (NO) Switch Contact or “a Contact” is a Switch. Put very simply, a Normally Open Sensor will have no Current When in a Normal State But When it Enters an Alarm State it will have +5V applied to the Circuit.
In single-pole MCB, Switching & Protection is Affected in only one Phase. Single phase supply to break the phase only. A single Pole breaker is Typically used with 120-volt Circuits, 15-20 amps. They are constructed with one Hot Wire and one Neutral wire. An SP switch is the most basic General-Purpose switch that you use to Control a light or another device from one location. These Switches have two Brass-Colored screw Terminals Connected to the hot Power source wires. Pole refers to the number of Circuits Controlled by the Switch SP Switches Control only one Electrical Circuit.
04. TP MCB:
The full meaning of MCB is Miniature Circuit Breaker. MCB is an electromagnetic switch or device. If for any reason a short circuit occurs in the supply line or load line (line to line or line to neutral) or in case of overload, the MCB automatically trips and disconnects the main line circuit or household power Connection. TP MCB In Three Pole MCB, Switching & Protection is affected in only Three-Phases and the Neutral is not part of the MCB. 3 pole MCB signifies the Connection of Three Wires for a Three-Phase system R-Y-B Phase. Three-Phase Supply Only Without Neutral.
A magnetic contactor is an electromagnetic switching device. It is generally used for controlling three-phase motors. The operation of a magnetic contactor is similar to that of a relay, but a relay is used for low-power or low-voltage connections, and a magnetic contactor is used for high-power or high-voltage connections. As soon as the supply is applied to the magnetic contactor coil, its normally open contacts are closed and normally closed contacts are opened and the associated devices are also operated. This is how a magnetic contactor works.
06. Overload Switch:
Overload Protection is Protection Against a Running Overcurrent That Would Cause Overheating of The Protected Equipment. Hence, An Overload is Also a Type of Overcurrent. Overload Protection Typically Operates on an Inverse Time curve where the Tripping Time Becomes less as the Current Increases. This Overload Protector is an Essential Component for Many Sockets. The Top-Quality Overload Protector can Effectively Protect Electrical Products from Power Surges.
A Three-Phase electric motor uses a 3-Phase Power Supply to Convert Electric Energy into Mechanical Energy. It contains four Wires (Three hot Wires and one Neutral Wire) and Uses 3 Alternating Currents of the Same Frequency. Since it Generates a Rotating Magnetic Field, it does not need a Capacitor for the Startup. Some Three-Phase Motors are Reversible, Which Means they can serve as Generators by Turning Mechanical Energy into Electrical Energy.
08. Indicator Light:
An indicator lamp just Sounds Technical, Sometimes it’s called a “Supervisory” light Indicator. Indicator lights are amber in color and can be located at the Front, the Rear, and Sometimes at the Side of the car on both the left And Right-hand sides. The Common colors used by Indicator lamps are red, yellow, blue, white, and green. A Panel Indicator Lamp Generally has up to 5 Differently Colored Segments to Indicate Various Conditions on the Machine or Process
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Read more Single Phase Wiring
3 Phase Motor Starter Wiring: This diagram shows how to make 3 Phase Motor Starter Wiring. In this circuit, we use a...
Start Button and Stop Button Wiring: This diagram shows how to make Start Button and Stop Button Wiring. In this...
3 phase motor starter wiring: This diagram shows how to make Three phase motor starter wiring diagram. In this...
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The Golden Light Sūtra 金光明經 is one of the major sutras which had considerable influence on Buddhist culture in East Asia. However, there as been almost no mention in previous research that notes the sutra includes quite a number of Buddhist goddesses. We meet Sarasvatī, Hārītī, ŚrīLakṣmī and Pṛthvī, and the Goddess of Bodhi Tree in this text. All of them were Indian female deities who were respectively accepted into Buddhism at different times and eventually appeared all together in this sūtra. Comprehensive acceptance of Hārītī, Pṛthvī and ŚrīLakṣmī is shown from the early Buddhist texts to the appearance of Mahayana, whereas Sarasvatī started to appear in rather later times. Yet, Sarasvatī is regarded as very important in the Golden Light Sūtra. Originally she was the Hindu goddess of river, music and knowledge, being depicted as the goddess playing the veena. In this text, however, she shows the magnificent power to defeat enemies or to eliminate the terror of wars. This paper discuss how the worship of these deities has developed in the East Asian region, and particularly in Korea. Sarasvatī is mentioned in two stories included in the Samguk Yusa 三國遺事, where she is described in association with the Lotus Sūtra and Manjusri, the symbol of wisdom, and depicted as a mountain spirit or an old lady. Unfortunately, there are no later records on Sarasvatī in Korea. Tantric state rituals were frequently held in the Goryeo dynasty, of which there were several held for ŚrīLakṣmī. These were mostly prayers for overcoming national crises such as drought or infectious disease. Goddess of Earth (Pṛthvī) worship also distinctly features in Korean buddhism. In fact, she turned into a significant bodhisattva in popular Buddhist rituals during the Joseon dynasty, along with other two bodhisattvas. Here, she saved forlorn spirits stuck in limbo without descendants to perform memorial services for them. The five goddesses of the Golden Light Sūtra finally appeared all together by the late Joseon dynasty, in the Painting of 104 Guardian Deities, whose new members were those of a different Buddhist Pantheon than found in traditional Hwaeom deities. It was based on the Chinese text, Zhongbian zhutian zhuan 重編諸天傳, that presented the formation of Buddhist deities in the 12th century. The worship of these female deities in Korea shows low popularity compared with other regions in East Asia, despite being called upon in times of national crisis. They are characterized by having been worshipped only individually and intermittently, and were only put together in relatively modern times.
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With aging, skeletal muscle mass and its function decrease, and the changes lead to increased risk of falls, fractures, long-term care institutionalization, mortality, and even cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sarcopenia has been defined as low muscle mass together with low muscle strength and/or low physical performance. In 2019, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia(AWGS) published a consensus paper about diagnosis and management of sarcopenia. The AWGS 2019 proposed algorithm starting with measuring SARC-F questionnaire or calf circumference (cut-off, <34 cm in men, <33 cm in women) and then measuring handgrip strength (cut-off, <28 kg in men, <18 kg women) or 5-time chair stand test (≥12 sec), and then ‘possible sarcopenia’ can be defined. Low appendicular skeletal muscle mass and either low muscle strength (handgrip strength) or low physical performance (gait speed or 5-time chair stand test) is used to diagnose sarcopenia. For management of sarcopenia, high protein nutrition and resistance exercise are highly recommended, and vitamin D may increase muscle strength, particularly in vitamin D deficiency.
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Europe is under the spell of an exceptional heat wave that has pushed temperatures to record highs in some places and sparked massive wildfires from Greece to Arctic Sweden.
But the sweltering heat has had some unexpected results, uncovering architecture and more that had been lost to the long grasses of history. Gardens, ghostly mansions and even grenades have all emerged from Europe’s parched landscape as the sun scorches the continent’s lawns, fields and scrubland.
In Ireland, yellowing fields are unearthing ancient archaeological monuments, while wildfires uncovered aerial navigation aids from World War II.
Drone imagery above the world-famous Neolithic tombs at Newgrange in County Meath has revealed a string of further monuments. The pictures show circular markings etched into the landscape, which experts believe may show ancient ceremonial sites and a prehistoric mortuary.
From more recent times, the sun-soaked weather in Ireland has unearthed World War II-era “EIRE” markings in yellowing clifftops on Bray Head in County Wicklow.
Fires sparked by the hot weather revealed the sign, hidden since 1944. Ireland’s authorities marked out 83 such displays along the Irish coast to alert military aviators they were flying over a neutral country.
At the request of the US Air Force they were numbered, helping American bomber pilots to navigate across the Atlantic.
With so little rainfall, the water level of the Elbe River in Germany has been lower than usual, exposing munitions that have lain beneath its waters since the war’s end in 1945.
Police in the German region of Saxony-Anhalt have already found 24 pieces of ordnance so far this year, double the total for all of 2017, and they expect to find more.
“After the war, the munition – mainly grenades, mines or munition pieces – have been thrown into the river undefused,” police spokeswoman Grit Merker said. “People just wanted to get rid of them as quickly as possible.”
Merker said there was no reason for the public to be alarmed. “The only danger is erosion or movement – that can lead to explosions,” she said. “The heat itself that uncovered the munition does not pose a threat.”
And in the UK, the shapes of hidden gardens and mansions are emerging in the heat.
At Gawthorpe Hall in Lancashire, England, the layout of a Victorian garden emerged from a thirsty lawn.
In Clumber Park in Nottinghamshire, the sunbaked grass has revealed where a long-demolished stately house once stood.
CNN’s Gianluca Mezzofiore reported and Joseph Ataman wrote from London. CNN’s Kevin Tschierse contributed from Berlin.
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Category: Road Bridges
Overall length: 24.2 m
River Barrier: The Monastyrka River
Architect: L.A. Noskov
Opened in: 1964 (modern)
Purpose: Road Bridges, Pedestrian Bridges, Tram Bridge
Bridge width: 58 m
Obukhovskoy Oborony Bridge is a bridge across the Monastyrka River in the Central District; it connects Bezymyanny and Monastyrsky Islands and is located on the Obukhovskoy Oborony Prospect (former Schlisselburgsky). It was built in the beginning of the 19th century and called Blagoveschensky. The bridge is single-span wooden arch bridge with stone abutments on pile foundation lined with granite.
In 1885 the bridge was passed to the City Duma and in 1887 it was reconstructed and called Manostyrsky. The new bridge was combined, as railway was also laid thereon.
In 1926 the bridge was reconstructed for railway load, tram traffic, car and pedestrian traffic. It was widened up to 25.3 meters. The superstructure consisted of reinforced concrete arches with the roadway above.
Due to Alexandr Nevsky Bridge construction across Neva, works on passages reconstruction and transport interchange arrangements were conducted on the left bank. Multiple storage facilities along left bank were demolished, high retaining wall was covered with granite, as well as old Monastyrsly bridge built in 1926 was disassembled. Railways, tram ways and car passages were shifted to the embankment of the left bank of the Neva.
The bridge was constructed at new place: for railway under the project by engineer K.Ye. Palitsyn and under the project by engineer A.D. Gudzeit and Architect L.A. Noskov for city transport traffic.
The bridge is constructed in 1964 and called Obukhovskoy Oborony Bridge. In the meantime, new Monastyrsky bridge was newly constructed with its longitudinal axis shifting closer to Alexander Nevsky Monastery.
Obukhovskoy Oborony Bridge is a single-span concrete simple bridge. The superstructure consists of standard constant height concrete beams. The abutments are massive ones, made of monolithic reinforced concrete on pile foundation and faced with granite. The roadway is covered with asphalt concrete pavement; sidewalks – with sand asphalt.
Railing is metal welded, simple appearance, with granite bollards from the ends. The bridge consisted of two parts: railway and city traffic. The city bridge is designed for the traffic of trams, cars and pedestrians. The roadway of the bridge allows six lanes for vehicles and 2 tram lines arranged on increased level. One way railway line, leading to industrial enterprises of Sinopskaya embankment (now disassembled), is also laid on the bridge.
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Building, in architecture, is any human-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any continuous occupancy.
Buildings come in a wide amount of shapes and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, to land prices, ground conditions, specific uses and aesthetic reasons.
Buildings serve several needs of society – primarily as shelter from weather and as general living space, to provide privacy, to store belongings and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical division of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) and the outside (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful).
History[edit | edit source]
The first shelter on Earth constructed by a relatively close ancestor to humans is believed to be built 500,000 years ago by an early ancestor of humans.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- "World's oldest building discovered". BBC News. 2000-03-01.
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- Published on 07 July 2015
Study finds the law governing how heat transport scales up with temperature
How heat travels, matters. Yet, there is still no consensus on the exact physical mechanism that causes anomalous heat conduction - despite the existence of previous numerical simulation, theoretical predictions and experimental observations. Now, a team based in Asia has demonstrated that electron transport depends on temperature. It follows a scaling governed by a power law - and not the exponential scaling previously envisaged. These findings were recently published in EPJ B by Yunyun Li Tongji University, Shanghai, China, and colleagues in Singapore.>
Heat conduction depends on the internal energy transferred by microscopic diffusion and collisions of particles, such as electrons, within a given body. Anomalous heat conduction can be best studied in a particular kind of model: one that accounts for the thermal transport in a one-dimensional (1D) lattice. In this study, the chosen 1D model is dubbed the coupled rotator lattice model.
The specificities of the chosen model is that it conserves heat conductions - that is heat transport and heat diffusion - as well as momentum diffusion. Under these conditions, the expectation is that the heat conduction would be anomalous. But in reality, numerical simulations have previously demonstrated that the model exhibits normal heat conduction. For physicists, these results don’t intuitively match the fact the heat is diffusing in a way that preserves its momentum. To complement their approach, they also drew a comparison with a single kicked rotator.The authors systematically investigated how heat conductivity changes with temperature in the selected 1D model. This approach led them to the thesis that heat conductivity correlates with a power law, instead of an exponential scaling as previously predicted. Further, this phenomenon occurs without a transition temperature above which the heat conduction is normal and below which it is anomalous.
Y. Li, N. Li and B. Li (2015), Temperature dependence of thermal conductivities of coupled rotator lattice and the momentum diffusion in standard map, Eur. Phys. J. B, DOI: 10.1140/epjb/e2015-60361-5
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Perfectionism served many of us well while we grew up. It allowed us to go to the best schools and get the best jobs. Yet, once we are in the “real” world, perfectionism often leads us to a life of working too hard, enjoying too little, and feeling like nothing is ever good enough. Add to that that “perfect” is now measured in more subjective ways (we don’t take tests at work), and you can find yourself working more than ever before. Learn how to live a less perfect life and still do well.
Join Nancy Martin as she discusses the “Joy of Imperfection” at this year’s IEEE-USA Future Leaders Forum, 26-28 July 2018 in Austin, TX.
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The lottery is a type of gambling that involves paying a small amount to have a chance to win a large prize. It is commonly used to raise money for public works projects, education, and charitable purposes. Despite its popularity, it has been criticized for encouraging gambling addiction and reducing the quality of life of lottery winners. However, if played responsibly, it can be a great way to enjoy a little bit of luck.
The first recorded lotteries to sell tickets with prizes in the form of money were held in the Low Countries in the 15th century. These were mainly to raise funds for town fortifications and to help the poor. However, the concept of a lottery is much older than this. It is believed that keno slips from the Chinese Han dynasty in the 2nd millennium BC indicate a similar lottery-like game.
There are several requirements that must be met for a lottery to qualify as a true gambling game. One of the most important is that payment must be made for a chance to receive a prize. This could be anything from property to work, but it must be an exchange of something of value in order to receive a prize. Modern examples include military conscription, commercial promotions in which property is given away in a random procedure, and the selection of jury members from lists of registered voters.
In the modern world, lottery games are usually organized by state or private companies and sold through retail outlets or online. The winnings are accumulated in a pool, from which a percentage goes toward costs and profits for the promoter. A small percentage is also used to pay taxes or other revenues. The remainder is awarded as prizes to players. Some large-scale lotteries offer only a single very large prize, while others provide many smaller ones.
To improve your odds of winning, play more often and choose numbers that aren’t close together. You can also increase your chances of winning by purchasing more tickets, or by joining a lottery group. It is also important to avoid playing numbers that have sentimental value, as other people might be choosing the same ones. Also, try to buy tickets early in the day when more prizes are still available.
When you win the lottery, you must decide whether to take a lump-sum or long-term payout. You should give yourself some time to think about this decision, as you might not have enough information to make the right choice. It is advisable to consult with a qualified accountant before making a decision. This will help you plan for the taxes that you’ll need to pay. In the United States, federal taxes will take 24 percent of your winnings, while state and local taxes might take even more. If you choose to take a lump-sum payout, you can invest your money and get a better return on investment.
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This paper examines how two Caribbean islands, Puerto Rico and Jamaica, developed ideas of national identity while negotiating political emancipation within two distinct, yet allied Anglophone empires. We can see this process through the Olympic movement and referred to here as 'colonial Olympism'. Both Puerto Rico and Jamaica participated as colonies of the USA and Great Britain at international sporting events from 1930 to the 1950s. More than a benevolent gesture by the USA or Great Britain, Puerto Rico and Jamaica's participation was intended to foster international goodwill through sport, including crucial notions of Pan Americanism. Comparing these two islands, and the metropolises they represented, offers a good way to understand the commonalities and differences in the US and Great Britain's geopolitical interests in Latin America. However, the Olympic and the Pan-American Games gave both colonies the perfect scenario to perform as separate nations and fed a sense of distinct peoplehood. Sport leaders from both islands negotiated their way into nationhood by the very fact of participating in the Olympic movement, albeit as non-sovereign states. In turn, having Olympic nationhood became another important tool in both islands' quest for decolonization, contributing an important angle to better understand twentieth-century international politics and decolonization processes.
- Colonial Olympism
- Puerto Rico
- national identity
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
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News:Union Human Resource Development Minister reviewed the preparations for the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2021.
About Programme for International Student Assessment(PISA):
- PISA is an international survey held every three years.It was first conducted in the year 2000.
- It is coordinated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
- The objective of the survey is to assess the quality of education systems across the world by evaluating students in science, mathematics and reading.
- The survey consists of a competency-based test designed to assess the ability of the 15-year-old candidates that measures their reading, mathematics and science literacy to apply their knowledge to real-life situations.
India and PISA:
- India had taken part in Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2009 and bagged the 72nd rank among 74 participating countries.
- However,the then government had boycotted PISA blaming out of context questions for India’s dismal performance.
- In 2018, India has decided to participate in PISA-2021.The students of Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan, Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti and UT of Chandigarh will represent India in this examination.
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If you are looking for a simple and affordable wind instrument that can produce beautiful melodies, a bamboo flute with four holes could be the perfect choice. In this article, we will explore the history, construction, playing techniques, and benefits of this charming instrument.
History of the Bamboo Flute
The bamboo flute is one of the oldest musical instruments in the world, with a rich history that spans across cultures and continents. The earliest known bamboo flutes were discovered in China and date back to more than 9,000 years ago. Bamboo flutes were used for various purposes, including folk music, court music, religious rituals, and military signaling.
The bamboo flute spread to other parts of Asia, such as India, Japan, Korea, and Indonesia, where it evolved and developed into different styles and sizes. In India, the bamboo flute is called bansuri and is used in classical music, while in Japan, the bamboo flute is called shakuhachi and is used in Zen meditation.
Construction of the Bamboo Flute
A bamboo flute with four holes is a simple instrument that consists of a hollow bamboo tube with four finger holes and one blowing hole. The length and diameter of the bamboo tube determine the pitch and range of the flute. The holes are drilled in precise locations to produce specific notes and intervals.
The bamboo used for making flutes must be carefully selected and prepared to ensure the best sound quality and durability. The outer layer of the bamboo is stripped off, and the nodes are removed to create a smooth and uniform surface. The inner membrane of the bamboo is also removed, leaving only the solid and dense portion of the bamboo.
Playing Techniques of the Bamboo Flute
Playing the bamboo flute with four holes requires some basic skills and techniques that can be learned with practice and guidance. Here are some tips to get started:
Hold the flute with both hands, with the blowing hole facing away from you.
Place your lips on the blowing hole and blow gently, adjusting the angle and pressure of your lips to produce different notes.
Cover the holes with your fingers, one by one, to create different pitches and melodies.
Experiment with different fingerings, breath control, and articulation to create expressive and dynamic performances.
Benefits of Playing the Bamboo Flute
Playing the bamboo flute with four holes has many benefits for both physical and mental health. Here are some of the advantages:
Improves breathing and lung capacity: Playing the bamboo flute requires deep and controlled breathing, which can strengthen your respiratory system and increase your oxygen intake.
Reduces stress and anxiety: Playing the bamboo flute can help you relax and focus, reducing stress and anxiety levels.
Enhances creativity and self-expression: Playing the bamboo flute can unleash your creativity and allow you to express yourself through music.
Boosts memory and cognitive skills: Playing the bamboo flute can improve your memory, concentration, and cognitive abilities, as it involves learning and memorizing melodies and fingerings.
A bamboo flute with four holes is a simple yet versatile instrument that can bring joy and beauty to your life. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced musician, playing the bamboo flute can offer many benefits for your physical and mental health. So why not give it a try and discover the magic of the bamboo flute?
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“Everyone has a phone except me! Can I have a phone, please! Please! I promise I will be responsible with it!” For parents who have been awaiting this inevitable question in tones of begging, guilt-producing, and with a nice touch of sincerity—in our own minds, we have probably already debated the pros and cons of allowing our child to have a cell phone. Safety, and the ability for our child to reach us, anytime and anywhere, gives parents the slight edge in surrendering; yet, it’s difficult to truly know when the right time is. The pre-teen years are challenging, as boys and girls are struggling with their own identity and emotions, and the awkwardness of budding sexuality. We hear the term “cyberbullying” and about children who conceal interactions through social media. It is easy to wonder how a cell phone truly impacts the lives of today’s teens.
One Post to Humiliate
Remember the days when two classmates met in the middle of the hallway or after school to dispute something heard through the grapevine? In less than ten minutes, the situation had vanished, and most likely, the two classmates were again on good terms with one another. In the digital age, one post could welcome anyone who wished to comment and immediately heighten the discussion to the point of humiliation. A fight may occur the following day, or a more serious consequence, a suicide attempt; both of which have been documented in recent news.
One Post to Dating Expectations
Images of scantily clad women can easily be found through an online search. One degree less than pornography, some teens believe a condition for an evening out is to receive a naked photo. Young women surrender themselves for the hope of trust and being liked. What happens to this one photo? Too often, the picture is just a game, and tossed around among friends, or, posted for anyone to see.
The 48-Hour Challenge
In November of 2017, parents were warned about a new social media game teens termed “The 48-hour challenge.” The game encouraged teens to disappear for 48 hours without notifying their family or friends. Police departments and parents instantly responded to this game, angry to think precious public resources would be wasted in exchange for points. An additional teen game is called “Blue Whale Challenge.” (The 50th task is a live broadcast of the participant’s death.) Life is not a game, nor can the reset button be pressed!
1000 Simultaneous Relationships:
We can see one problem. Family time is consumed with not interaction, but technology. Without rules, parents, are finding their children are obsessed with the instant gratification of feedback. Many teens may claim they have a strong social life simply because their friends on social media total 1000 plus. Popularity isn’t about visibility, but the opportunity to be independent without parents, appearing cool, flirting, and impressing the opposite sex.
Break Through Concealment!
Parents can go beyond checking texts and social media accounts, and determine whether their teen may be concealing additional accounts. One method is to log out of their Instagram or Facebook account and see if multiple accounts appear.
Parents can also go to “settings” and check the number of e-mail accounts listed on the phone. If two e-mail accounts are listed, then, multiple accounts can easily be concealed. Chrome or another web provider may be used to gain access.
The Family Cell Phone
Yes, the decision to give your child a Smartphone is daunting. With most households eliminating a landline, the need for an extra mobile phone becomes necessary, especially as children are spending more time away from the home with classmates, or attending extracurricular activities by the time of middle school. A family phone with the restricted ability to call and text may be the first step in phone ownership.
We realize the bells and whistles on a phone are not a necessity for teens; yet, 58% of all 12-year-olds own a Smartphone, and 75% of all teenagers. As parents, we must be realistic and know our children are engaging in chat sessions, whether private or public, sending inappropriate pictures, and quite possibly concealing social media sites. By being born in the technology age, they are held accountable for knowing the rules, and to “chat” and “post” responsibly. We, also, must surrender to the “gossip” of how teens are utilizing technology. It is here to stay!
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I'd like to learn illustrations but for use in motion graphics
Dwayne Neckles last edited by Dwayne Neckles
I'd like to learn to create art that is more vector and less textured. The below is an example
https://www.instagram.com/colinhesterly/?hl=en Does svs have those techniques? It seems svs schoolism and even learn squared's illustration course are on the textured side.
Or if not the techniques, just suggestion on ways to simplify objects..
@Dwayne-Neckles Hi! Sadly, SVS does not have a course for this specific style. You could try Skillshare or Udemy though. However, I do think you can figure this out on your own. Make master copies of the pieces you like, study them, learn how the illustrators you follow do things. Alot of students here are doing master copies as of the moment. Maybe you ca do what they’re doing. We’ll be happy to help out if we can. I hope this was helpful.
Geoffrey Gordon last edited by
If you want to learn about vector art, I would highly recommend LinkedIn learning and doing Von Glitschka, a true professional... https://www.linkedin.com/learning/instructors/von-glitschka?upsellOrderOrigin=default_guest_learning
Then for the animation of vectors learn adobe aftereffects ...
Miriam last edited by
I’m not sure what kind of experience you have with vector graphics. In case you are just starting out, there isn’t really “more vector”. You can create digital images with either vector based programs or pixel based programs. It’s possible to create illustrations in that graphic style using either type of program. Pixel based images are created by assigning color to each pixel using programs such as Adobe Photoshop. Vector based images are created with programs such as Adobe Illustrator, which use mathematical calculations to create shapes that you draw with points.
You can find programs similar to Illustrator & Photoshop for free, if you don’t have access to Adobe, and want to try it out first. I’ve used Inkscape (similar to Illustrator) & GIMP (similar to Photoshop).
If you haven’t worked with vector graphics at all, you might want to try getting some free vector graphics & practice “tracing” over shapes, & manipulating the current shapes. Vecteezy.com has some free images, & many of them are vectors. The site even has a simple vector editing tool that can be used on some of the images—I can’t remember exactly how much it lets you do, though.
If you have a community college where you live, you could see if they have a class on Illustrator. I took a great class at my city college. Or I’m sure you can find plenty of online tutorials for Adobe Illustrator.
No matter what type of medium or programs you use, studying design principles will be applicable & help you create quality art.
I don’t know anything about animation, so I can’t help you out there.
Good luck finding the resources you’re looking for!
Check out this guys vids:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX4mqbvv5lGqLpI4FYlJt4w <messed up channel name, but it works. Their page is "Gigantic"
He has many great walk-throughs in a similar flat simplified style.
Another good one: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlzHnuKB_1M If you don't like the "grain" you can substitute it with a gradient, or leave it out. But that video is still a great walk-through.
Another good one: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEYY2V5Hpjg
You'll need to learn vector graphics. Affinity designer is cheap(and amazing) and has a who slew of tutorial vids that are free. I learned to do it in about a day.
Outside of that you need to practice drawing itself, it all starts with an idea and a sketch. Then you vector that sketch. Some people can just go from 0 to vector, but if you want to really design something, I suggest exploring sketches.
When simplifying people or anything, think about the basic shapes that come together to create that thing. Play with it, push and pull, exaggerate, reduce and or eliminate elements. When simplifying things become mostly symbolic. Example: Simplifying a nose into a dot, or an l shape, or a circle, or to a triangle, it represents a nose, but isn't actually a nose, but when placed on a face we recognize it as a nose. Colin take a head and just turns it into a floating circle sometimes, we still recognize it as a head.
Play with it, have fun, find your style. observe and absorb others work that you like and try to break apart how they constructed the piece.
When you get further along, Colin actually has a class on motion graphics and some character designing. : https://campus.mographmentor.com/p/directors-academy-colin-hesterly
I hope you stick around and share your progress.
One more note, if you don't want to deal with vector to start with, then the lasso tool is your friend. Nice way to make quick crisp shapes, but they cannot be easily adjusted like a vector curve. So doing a raster/pixel based image would just take more planning/time. Select "preserve transparency" to quickly color in the shape you just created without going out side of the lines. Create each element on a separate layer to your liking.
Dwayne Neckles last edited by
I'm deeply grateful to all responses and will apply your suggestions. And I do find the content SVS offers valuable and will get started on that as well.
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The law of unintended consequences was first mentioned by British philosopher John Locke when writing to parliament about the unintended effects of interest rate rises. However, it was popularized in 1936 by American sociologist Robert K. Merton who looked at unexpected, unanticipated, and unintended consequences and their impact on society.
|Law of Unintended Consequences||The Law of Unintended Consequences is a concept in social science and economics that suggests that actions or decisions, even when well-intentioned, can result in unexpected and often undesirable outcomes. These outcomes may be unforeseen and indirect, and they can occur when individuals or organizations implement policies, technologies, or interventions.|
|Characteristics||– Unintended Outcomes: Actions can lead to consequences that were not initially anticipated or intended. |
– Complex Systems: Outcomes are influenced by complex and interconnected systems.
– Human Behavior: It often involves the behavior and responses of individuals or groups.
– Positive or Negative: Unintended consequences can be positive, negative, or both.
– Long-Term Effects: Effects may manifest over time, and they can persist.
|Examples||– Prohibition: The U.S. alcohol prohibition in the 1920s led to unintended consequences, including the rise of organized crime. |
– Environmental Regulations: Some environmental regulations can lead to unintended pollution shifts or increased energy consumption.
– Government Policies: Economic policies may have unforeseen impacts on markets and employment.
– Technology Adoption: The introduction of new technologies can have unexpected social and economic consequences.
|Causes||– Complexity: Complex systems and interactions can make it difficult to predict outcomes. |
– Limited Information: Lack of complete information can lead to unforeseen effects.
– Behavioral Responses: People may adapt and change behavior in response to policies or actions.
– External Factors: External events can influence outcomes.
– Time Lag: Effects may not be immediately evident.
|Mitigation and Management||– Scenario Planning: Consider potential outcomes and plan accordingly. |
– Feedback Loops: Monitor and adapt based on feedback.
– Stakeholder Involvement: Engage stakeholders to anticipate impacts.
– Continuous Evaluation: Regularly assess the effects of actions or decisions.
– Flexibility: Be prepared to adjust strategies as needed.
|Significance||The Law of Unintended Consequences highlights the importance of careful planning, analysis, and consideration of potential impacts when making decisions or implementing policies. It underscores the need for policymakers, organizations, and individuals to be aware of the complexity of systems and the potential ripple effects of their actions.|
|Conclusion||The Law of Unintended Consequences serves as a reminder that actions can have far-reaching and unexpected effects. It underscores the importance of thoughtful decision-making, ongoing evaluation, and adaptability to address unforeseen outcomes and minimize negative consequences.|
Understanding the law of unintended consequences
The law of unintended consequences posits that any action has outcomes that are not intended or anticipated by the actor.
Merton noted that these consequences could be construed as positive or negative with the desirability of either based on context.
While rooted in societal impact, the law of unintended consequences is relevant to almost any scenario but is commonly associated with economic decisions, government policy, disasters, and the environment.
The three types of unintended consequences
The three types of unintended consequences are described below.
1 – Unexpected drawbacks
These are undesirable consequences that occur at the same time as those deemed desirable.
When the US government developed its freeway network in the 1950s, rail as a transport option became overlooked in favor of road transportation.
Car ownership reached such an extent in the 1990s that heavy traffic forced many to look at rail transport, but the infrastructure wasn’t there to meet demand.
2 – Unexpected benefits
Otherwise referred to as serendipity or luck. When the Korean Demilitarized Zone was created it preserved a tract of forest habitat for native wildlife.
Aspirin, developed to be a pain reliever, was discovered to have anticoagulant properties that lowered the risk of a heart attack.
3 – Perverse results
Perverse results are consequences that are contrary to the original intention. In other words, when a solution exacerbates the problem.
When vehicle manufacturers introduced airbags as a safety feature in the 1990s, they caused an increase in mortalities among children who were hit as the airbag deployed in a collision.
What causes unintended consequences?
In his work, Merton discovered five core reasons for unintended consequences:
- Mistakes, no matter how simple, can hinder the accurate prediction of an outcome. These mistakes result from a lack of knowledge of a specific situation.
- The assumption that repeating past actions will produce the same results in the future.
- Rushed or hastily considered actions based on the need for an immediate solution.
- Actions stemming from what Merton calls “basic values”. These are pervasive, entrenched beliefs, norms, and values that prevent proper consideration of the impact of an action on individuals or society.
- The self-fulfilling prophecy. This is a term Merton coined to describe a scenario where an incorrect definition of the situation evokes behavior that causes the original false conception to come true.
- Prohibition in the 1920s:
- Intended Consequence: The U.S. government hoped to reduce crime and corruption by banning the production and sale of alcoholic beverages.
- Unintended Consequence: The prohibition era saw a rise in organized crime, speakeasies, and illegal trade of alcohol.
- Introduction of Rabbits in Australia:
- Intended Consequence: Rabbits were introduced in Australia for hunting purposes.
- Unintended Consequence: With no natural predators, the rabbit population exploded, causing ecological damage and the loss of native species.
- D.A.R.E. Program:
- Intended Consequence: The Drug Abuse Resistance Education program aimed to educate young students about the dangers of drug use.
- Unintended Consequence: Some studies suggested that exposure to the program actually increased the curiosity and subsequent drug use among students.
- Government Subsidies for Biofuels:
- Intended Consequence: In an effort to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, governments provided subsidies to promote the production of biofuels.
- Unintended Consequence: Increased demand for biofuel crops led to deforestation and food shortages in some areas.
- Economic Sanctions:
- Intended Consequence: Sanctions are often imposed to change a particular behavior of a country.
- Unintended Consequence: While the ruling elite may remain unaffected, the general populace often suffers from shortages, inflation, and other economic hardships.
- Cane Toads in Australia:
- Intended Consequence: Cane toads were introduced in Australia to control pests in sugarcane crops.
- Unintended Consequence: The toads became pests themselves, poisoning native species and harming local ecosystems.
- Urban Planning and Highways:
- Intended Consequence: Cities built highways intending to facilitate transportation and reduce traffic congestion.
- Unintended Consequence: The construction of highways often divided communities and led to increased reliance on cars, further exacerbating urban sprawl and congestion.
- Plastic Bag Bans:
- Intended Consequence: Many regions banned single-use plastic bags to reduce environmental pollution.
- Unintended Consequence: Some people began purchasing thicker garbage bags, which might have a more significant environmental impact.
- Rent Control Policies:
- Pesticide Use in Agriculture:
- Intended Consequence: Pesticides were used to increase crop yields by eliminating pests.
- Unintended Consequence: Over-reliance on pesticides led to the evolution of pesticide-resistant pests and harmed beneficial insects, impacting biodiversity.
- The law of unintended consequences posits that any action has outcomes that are not intended or predicted by the actor.
- The three types of unintended consequences are unexpected drawbacks, unexpected benefits, and perverse results.
- American sociologist Robert K. Merton believed there were five core drivers of unintended consequences. Chief among these is the notion that mistakes due to ignorance can skew outcome predictions and the assumption that past actions will produce the same results in the future.
- Understanding the Law of Unintended Consequences: The law of unintended consequences suggests that any action may lead to outcomes that were not intended or foreseen by the actor.
- Three Types of Unintended Consequences:
- Unexpected Drawbacks: Undesirable consequences that occur alongside desired ones. For example, the development of freeways led to increased car ownership but overlooked the need for rail transport, leading to traffic congestion later on.
- Unexpected Benefits: Also known as serendipity, these are positive consequences that were not initially intended. For instance, the creation of the Korean Demilitarized Zone preserved a habitat for native wildlife.
- Perverse Results: Consequences that are contrary to the original intention, often making the problem worse. For instance, the introduction of airbags for vehicle safety resulted in an increase in child fatalities when airbags deployed in collisions.
- Causes of Unintended Consequences: Robert K. Merton identified five core reasons for unintended consequences:
- Mistakes and Lack of Knowledge: Simple mistakes or lack of knowledge can hinder accurate outcome predictions.
- Assumption of Repetition: Assuming that repeating past actions will yield the same results in the future.
- Hasty Actions for Immediate Solutions: Rushed actions taken to address immediate problems.
- Actions Based on Basic Values: Pervasive beliefs and values that prevent proper consideration of the impact of actions on individuals or society.
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: A scenario where an incorrect definition of a situation causes behavior that makes the false conception come true.
Connected Thinking Frameworks
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Pastel practice: Technique and painting process Automatic translate
Technique and painting process
Acquaintance with the required materials is only the first step into the wonderful world of pastel painting. Pastel painting is quite simple: the work is done using pastel bars and fingers, the rest depends on the artist’s imagination
When working with pastels, you must adhere to certain rules, otherwise the result will be unsatisfactory. The colors will not be so clean, pastel bars will crumble all the time in your hands, and erasing will cause a lot of difficulties. The apparent ease, when viewed from the side, of working with pastels by professional artists, is largely the result of great experience. Further, you will be able to familiarize yourself with typical mistakes and difficulties encountered in the path of comprehension of pastel painting by a novice artist.
Pastel painting is a bright and very rich means of artistic expression. Make an effort and they will pay off handsomely, allowing, in the future, to make full use of all the inherent opportunities.
Feathering, in pastel painting, primarily means the distribution of color. If an artist who paints oil uses a brush or palette knife to distribute paints, then the pastelist uses a rag, shaking, or hand. At the same time, this term also means smoothing the boundaries between the background and color by dimming their intensity. You need to know that shading is the basic technique of working in pastel painting, the principle of shading is simple: the pastelist draws on paper a bar of pastel, and subsequently grinds the trace left. And then, on top of the shaded stain, the next, more saturated pigment layers are superimposed.
Finger shading is one of the most natural and most commonly used work methods. The pigment is evenly (or unevenly) distributed over a large area of the base with fingers pressed together, and for small areas only pads are used. Most importantly, especially at first, after shading one color, wipe your hands so that the purity of the color is not disturbed by mixing.
Stain Over Feathering
Layers of pigment of different colors can be superimposed on each other, but do not forget that with a high saturation of the lower layer, the tone of the upper color will undergo changes. To avoid this, you must first shade the base layer, and only then apply a new one.
Accounts in pastel painting should be used as rarely as possible, otherwise the colors in the picture fade and do not look fresh. Abuse of the eraser can cause damage to the surface, which, in turn, affects the ability of the pigment to lie well on it. However, adhering to the rules mentioned below can help reduce the damage from cleaning to a minimum. Initially, it is necessary to prepare the corrected area for work, wipe it with a cotton or cloth to remove excess pigment. After that, you can use the eraser. Care should be taken, the pressure on it should not be strong, and do not try to rub the corrected area, as this action may damage the paper.
There are topics that, when embodied in the canvas, use only the shading method. At the same time, the shaded color spots smoothly flow from one to another, while forming a harmonious unity not only with each other, but also with the color of the base. This is how water spaces are usually depicted, unknown distances and cloudy landscapes. To implement these topics, you need to choose the right paper: its background color should match the prevailing tonality of the picture, so that the pigment spots (shaded) organically merge with the base.
Feathering in the landscape
The number of topics that can be completely written using only feathering is small. The following example is a typical representative of one of them. This landscape represents the sky, with the silhouettes of trees painted on its background. The primary task, in this case, is to convey characteristic, that is, decreasing gradations of tone. The only graphic elements of this landscape are trees against the sky. To convey the transparent purity of the main motive, you need only a few feathers.
Stage 1.Initially, we draw a light blue line along the upper edge of the sheet, while we press on the bar, so that the track turns out to be very saturated. Next, blend the resulting line, and distribute the pigment in such a way that as a result, a wide strip of a uniform color should be obtained.
2 stage. Immediately under the resulting strip, we apply a pale blue pastel, while we try to slightly overlap the bottom of the first layer with it. Next, repeat the previous operation, until a smooth transition from dark to light.
3 stage. Add a pale yellow pastel even lower, gradually brightening the future pattern.
4th stage.We begin to carefully shade all the strips so that as a result they merge into one with the previously applied ones. For better clarification of the lower part of the sky, add white pastel and repeat the previous work.
5 stage.Now it’s time to tackle the bottom of the sheet. Take a pastel of olive-green color and cover it with the bottom of the sheet. On the border between pale blue and green, draw a thin strip with natural sienna.
6 stage.With the edge of a pastel bar, we write tree silhouettes. To convey the black and white nuances of this motive, you need to use a pastel of black and white colors, as well as natural sienna.
Small silhouettes of trees visible in the landscape are drawn in black. These small details are not easy to draw with soft pastels, so in this case it is better to use a charcoal pencil or a solid pastel bar.
Lines and spots
Together with shading in pastel painting, spots and lines are used. The former are either intermittent or continuous, simple (used to emphasize the contour) or complicated. Each of these cases makes an important contribution to the artist’s design, being a transfer of form. A pastel bar on paper can leave a stain or line, it all depends on how it is applied to the surface - flat or at an angle (in the first case, it can draw stripes whose width is equal to the width of the bar). Usually, when working on a single work, a real artist uses the entire arsenal of available techniques, so you can see the use of feathering, lines and spots in any picture: feathering usually serves to create a background on which saturated and clear elements, such as lines and spots, are visible in turn.
Bar edge work
For drawing straight lines, the edge of the bar (square section) of solid pastel is best suited, for this you need to attach the bar to the paper with the edge and just draw a line along it, as a result, you get a perfect straight line. The same effect can be achieved by using the lateral surface of soft pastels, although the line thickness in this case will be much larger.
Spots and optical bias
The most expressive styles of pastel painting use stains of pure color to do the work, but try not to use feathering at all. Feathering muffles the intensity of colors, which is not always liked by the author of the work, so they use only unstuffed strokes that perfectly convey the freshness and vibration of pure pigment. There is a category of pastelists who create their work solely on the basis of color spots, excluding any shading or mixing. Of course, at a short distance, these paintings have an abstract appearance, but at a certain distance, the viewer will see a whole canvas that plays with unusual colors obtained through optical mixing (spots of different colors are perceived by a person as a whole).
Lines and spots in a still life
The manner of writing the still life, which can be observed in the figure (the work of Francesc Crespo), is achieved by superimposing spots of pure color on the background. To carry out work in this manner, a bold and energetic character is needed, since the work is done with decisive and energetic touches, immediately, without any preliminary drafts. The experience of writing this kind of work is sure to be useful to a novice artist.
The theme of the still life is simple - a jug of flowers standing on a cabinet. The artist chose a not very widespread angle, but the style of work says that this is the right choice.
Stage 1.The work begins with drawing a preliminary sketch with charcoal, and the shape and volume are modeled, which are done with energetic strokes and spots. The beads of the contours and details as such are absent, and the thick line gives a hint only to the general outlines.
2 stage. In this still life, the background is created by blending spots of ocher and light gray colors. These spots mix, so that the background takes on an indefinite hue, which perfectly conveys the play of light and shadow in the depth of a still life.
Imposing pure flowers on top of a feather
The manner of working in pastel, which is demonstrated in this work, is quite interesting. Spots of pure color and shading not only complement, but also reinforce each other - spots of pure color look harmoniously only on a shaded background, and he, in turn, skillfully emphasizes the expressiveness of pure colors. That is why you should not shade the stains of the main composition, which is applied over the initially shaded background, nor should one try to get uniform saturation for all parts of the picture. Usually shading is used only for the background or background.
3 stage. Flowers - their color and shape are obtained when bright saturated spots are applied, for this we press the pastel bar onto the paper (this allows us to achieve a high color intensity) and create a stain in circular motions.
4th stage.After staining is complete, we emphasize the desired shape of the stems and flowers with charcoal. If you look closely, you can see that some sections of the work were shaded by the fingers of the artist, in order to reduce its intensity and contrast with the background.
5 stage.The next step is to refine the jug and other details of the composition using colored pastels - that’s it, the still life is ready. It is worth paying attention that the initial drawing of charcoal harmoniously blended into the overall structure of the picture due to shading of the background and elaborated harmonization of color.
Next Preparatory drawing
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- We select materials
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Meditation proved to be able to improve children's performance and reduce stress
In recent years, meditation (mindfulness) has been attracting attention from people around the world for its effects on improving work performance and reducing stress. A research team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) announced the results of a study that 'mindfulness can improve children's performance and reduce stress.'
Two studies reveal benefits of mindfulness for middle school students | MIT News
Mindfulness training reduces stress and amygdala reactivity to fearful faces in middle-school children.- PsycNET
Greater Mindfulness is Associated With Better Academic Achievement in Middle School-Caballero-2019-Mind, Brain, and Education-Wiley Online Library
John Gabrieli, professor of brain science and cognitive science at MIT, said, “Mindfulness is the ability to focus on 'now', not on external matters or on your own thoughts. If you can concentrate on the previous teacher and homework, it should help you learn. '
The research team conducted an experiment to confirm the effect of mindfulness by dividing 100 students enrolled in 6th graders in the United States (6th graders in Japan) into two groups. One group had daily mindfulness training for eight weeks and the other group did not have mindfulness training. Mindfulness training was designed to help students focus on their breathing and focus on the present, not the past or the future.
In the group that did mindfulness training, students reported that their stress had decreased, while in the group that did not train, no decrease in stress was reported. In addition, students who conducted mindfulness training also reported that negative emotions such as sadness and anger were reduced.
Forty students who participated in the study participated in an experiment to measure the activity of the amygdala, which is responsible for the processing of emotional responses, before and after the experiment. In this experiment, students looked at the faces of people expressing various emotions, and observed how active the amygdala was when they saw them.
Students who reported high stress levels at the start of the experiment said that the activity of the amygdala became active when they saw faces expressing 'fear'. In this way, people who experience a lot of stress are known to have a strong negative response to adverse events, saying, “A strong amygdala response to negative things There is evidence that is associated with the risk of high depression, ”Gabrieli points out.
And the children who did mindfulness training had lower stress levels before the experiment, and the activity of the amygdala on the faces expressing fear was also weakened. The team believes that mindfulness can help prevent or alleviate stress-related mood disorders. Richard Davidson , professor of psychology and psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin , said, “This study is the first rigorous study that has demonstrated that mindfulness training benefits children's behavioral and neural aspects. It ’s one of them. ”
The research team also conducts research that evaluates and analyzes children's mindfulness trends using questionnaires, in addition to research that actually conducts mindfulness training. First, the research team is based on the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale for over 2,000 students enrolled in the United States from 5th grade (5th grade elementary school in Japan) to 8th grade (3rd grade junior high school in Japan). Conducted a questionnaire. From the question “how concentrated are you in action,” the research team assessed how mindful the students are.
The research team compared the results with students' academic performance, standardized test scores across the state, attendance, and number of suspensions. Then, it turned out that the students who showed a more mindfulness tendency had higher academic scores, and the number of absences and suspensions was lower. “There has never been a quantitative study of whether children with a strong mindfulness tendency are likely to do well at school,” Gabrieli said, this study is mindfulness. Arguing that it is the first to show the relationship between the intellectual property and school life.
“I think it is likely to be beneficial to incorporate mindfulness training into the daily curriculum in the classroom,” Gabrieli says. On the other hand, since mindfulness training is meaningful to continue in the long term, he expressed his view that daily training is important to benefit from mindfulness.
in Note, Posted by log1h_ik
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Have you ever looked at a photograph that transported you to another world? A snapshot that stirred emotions deep within your soul? Well, my curious friend, the secret lies not just in the subject matter or the technical prowess of the photographer, but in the art of composition.
So, what are photography composition techniques?
Photography composition techniques are artistic principles and guidelines that photographers use to arrange and organize elements within a photograph. These techniques include the Rule of Thirds, leading lines, framing, symmetry and balance, depth and layering, color and contrast, the Golden Ratio, and more, to create visually appealing and impactful images.
1. Rule of Thirds
1. Explanation of the rule of thirds: Picture a grid dividing your frame into nine equal parts—three vertical and three horizontal lines intersecting at four key points. This is the rule of thirds.
By placing your subject or important elements along these gridlines or points of intersection, you create a harmonious and visually pleasing composition. This technique adds balance and tension, steering clear of mundane centering.
2. How to apply the rule of thirds in photography: Imagine you’re capturing a breathtaking sunset over the horizon. Instead of placing the sun right in the center of your frame, try aligning it with one of the vertical gridlines.
Similarly, when photographing a portrait, position your subject’s eyes at one of the intersecting points. This way, you draw the viewer’s gaze and create a sense of depth and movement.
3. Examples and visual representations: Visualize a landscape photograph where the horizon aligns with the lower third of the frame, and a lone tree stands majestically on the left vertical line.
Notice how the composition becomes more dynamic and engaging, leading the viewer’s eye to explore the scene. In portraits, observe how positioning the subject off-center adds intrigue and vitality to the image.
2. Leading Lines
1. Definition and concept of leading lines: Picture yourself on a scenic path, surrounded by majestic mountains. Leading lines in photography are like trails that guide the viewer’s eye through an image, creating a sense of depth and movement.
These lines can be actual physical elements, such as roads, rivers, or fences, or even implied lines formed by the arrangement of shapes, objects, or patterns within the frame.
2. Various types of leading lines and their impact on composition: Leading lines come in many forms, each with its impact on composition. Curved lines can add grace and elegance, drawing the viewer along a flowing path.
Diagonal lines create a sense of energy and dynamism, evoking a feeling of movement. Vertical lines convey strength and stability, while horizontal lines can impart a sense of calm and serenity.
3. Tips for effectively using leading lines in photography: When utilizing leading lines, consider their direction and placement. Experiment with different angles and perspectives to find the most captivating composition. Incorporate converging lines to create a sense of depth and intrigue.
Remember, leading lines can lead to captivating storytelling—whether it’s a winding staircase guiding us to unknown realms or a railway track drawing us into a nostalgic journey.
1. Definition and purpose of framing in photography: Imagine a majestic painting hanging in an ornate frame, enhancing its beauty and drawing your attention.
Framing in photography serves a similar purpose—it involves using elements within the scene to create a frame within the frame, focusing the viewer’s gaze on the subject and adding depth and context to the image. It’s like peering through a window into a world of visual wonders.
2. Different techniques for creating frames within the frame: There are numerous techniques to create frames within your photographs. One approach is to utilize natural elements like arches, doorways, or windows to enclose your subject.
These elements serve as visual boundaries, emphasizing the main subject and creating a captivating composition.
Another technique involves incorporating foreground elements such as branches, foliage, or even people to add depth and layers, guiding the viewer’s eye toward the main subject.
3. Creative examples of framing in photography: Imagine capturing a portrait where the subject is framed by a vibrant floral arch, accentuating their beauty and making them the focal point. Or picture a landscape photograph where towering trees create a natural frame around a stunning mountain peak, emphasizing its grandeur.
By using framing techniques, you can transform ordinary scenes into captivating works of art, engaging your audience and inviting them into the captivating stories within your photographs.
4. Symmetry and Balance
1. Explanation of symmetry and balance in photography: Have you ever been captivated by the perfect reflection of a mountain in a calm lake? That’s symmetry—the balance and harmony achieved when elements on one side of an image mirror those on the other.
Symmetry and balance in photography create a sense of order and visual equilibrium, drawing the viewer’s eye and creating a pleasing aesthetic.
2. Techniques for achieving symmetry and balance in compositions: To achieve symmetry, look for naturally occurring symmetrical elements like buildings, bridges, or patterns in nature. Centering your subject and ensuring the composition is mirrored on both sides creates a symmetrical balance.
Another technique is to use the Rule of Thirds by placing identical or complementary elements along imaginary lines or points of intersection.
Balance can also be achieved through asymmetry, where visual weight is distributed differently but still creates a sense of equilibrium. This can be done by positioning larger or brighter elements on one side and balancing them with smaller or darker elements on the other.
3. Case studies showcasing the use of symmetry and balance: Imagine a photograph of a grand cathedral with its intricate architecture perfectly centered and symmetrical. The symmetrical balance creates a sense of serenity and emphasizes architectural beauty.
Similarly, a seascape photograph with a boat anchored on one side and a lighthouse on the other, perfectly balanced, evokes a sense of tranquility and completeness.
On the other hand, asymmetrical balance can be seen in a portrait where the subject is positioned to one side of the frame, with a complementary object or element balancing the composition on the opposite side. This creates a dynamic tension and visual interest that captures the viewer’s attention.
5. The depth and Layering
1. Understanding the depth and layering in photography: Have you ever marveled at a photograph where you could almost step into the scene, exploring its depths? That’s the power of creating depth and layering in photography.
It involves using various elements, perspectives, and distances to convey a three-dimensional feeling in a two-dimensional image. It’s like peeling back the layers of a captivating story, revealing hidden wonders within.
2. Techniques for creating a sense of depth in compositions: To create depth, incorporate elements such as foreground, middle ground, and background within your frame. The foreground acts as a gateway, inviting the viewer into the image.
Consider using leading lines or objects in the foreground to guide their gaze into the scene. Establishing a clear distinction between these layers adds depth and visual interest.
Another technique is to utilize the depth of field. By using a wide aperture and selective focus, you can isolate the main subject in the foreground while allowing the background to gently blur, emphasizing the sense of depth.
3. Examples demonstrating the use of depth and layering: Imagine a landscape photograph where vibrant wildflowers adorn the foreground, leading the viewer’s eye to a majestic mountain range in the distance. The layering of these elements creates a multidimensional experience, inviting the viewer to explore the entire scene.
Similarly, a portrait captured in a lush forest, with trees in varying distances and sharpness, adds depth and dimension to the composition.
Consider architectural photography, where an archway in the foreground frames a captivating courtyard in the middle ground, while a stunning skyline looms in the background. This layering of elements transports the viewer into the architectural wonderland, evoking a sense of awe and grandeur.
6. Color and Contrast
1. Importance of color and contrast in composition: Imagine a world without colors—a monotonous existence devoid of vibrancy and emotion. In photography, color and contrast play vital roles in creating captivating compositions.
Colors evoke emotions, set moods, and guide the viewer’s attention. Contrast, on the other hand, adds depth, drama, and visual impact. It’s like painting with light and shadows, infusing your images with life and intensity.
2. Techniques for using color and contrast effectively: Start by understanding the color wheel and how colors interact with each other. Complementary colors, positioned opposite each other on the wheel, create a strong visual impact when used together.
Harmonious colors, adjacent to the wheel, create a sense of unity and tranquility. Experiment with color palettes to elicit specific emotions or highlight key elements in your compositions.
Contrast can be achieved by incorporating elements with different tones, textures, or sizes. The contrast in brightness, such as a bright subject against a dark background, creates visual separation and emphasizes the focal point.
The contrast in texture, like rough and smooth surfaces, adds tactile interest and enhances the overall composition.
3. Tips for enhancing compositions through color and contrast: Pay attention to the dominant colors in your scene and use them strategically to create focal points or visual balance.
Consider the impact of natural lighting conditions and how they interact with colors and contrast. The soft golden hour light casts a warm glow, while harsh midday sunlight creates bold contrasts.
Remember, subtlety can be just as impactful as boldness. Don’t be afraid to experiment and push the boundaries. Consider the interplay of colors and contrast to tell a story or evoke a specific emotion.
Use color and contrast as your artistic palette, painting visual masterpieces that leave a lasting impression.
7. The Golden Ratio
1. Introduction to the concept of the golden ratio: Have you ever wondered why certain compositions feel inherently pleasing to the eye? Enter the golden ratio—an ancient mathematical principle that has transcended time to become a guiding force in art and design.
It is a ratio, of approximately 1.618, which reflects nature’s inherent sense of harmony and balance. This ratio, also known as the divine proportion, is found in everything from seashells to galaxies, and it can be applied to photography composition as well.
2. How to apply the golden ratio in photography composition: Imagine a frame divided into sections, where the ratio between the larger and smaller section is the golden ratio. By positioning key elements along these divisions or their intersections, you create a visually appealing composition.
For example, you might place your subject at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal lines, or align leading lines with these divisions to guide the viewer’s gaze.
Another approach is to consider the spiral known as the Fibonacci spiral, which is derived from the golden ratio. This spiral can be visualized as a logarithmic spiral that expands while maintaining the golden ratio. Placing your subject or important elements along this spiral can create a sense of flow and visual harmony.
3. Examples and case studies showcasing the golden ratio: Picture a landscape photograph where the horizon aligns with the lower horizontal line of the golden ratio, while a majestic tree stands tall at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal lines.
This composition feels balanced and aesthetically pleasing. Similarly, in a portrait, positioning the subject’s eyes at the intersection of the lines creates a sense of natural harmony and draws the viewer’s attention.
The golden ratio can also be applied to the overall composition of an image. Consider a photograph where the primary subject is positioned along the Fibonacci spiral, with other elements arranged by the golden ratio divisions.
This meticulous placement creates a captivating visual journey for the viewer, leading their gaze through the image harmoniously and engagingly.
8. Breaking the Rules
1. Understanding when and how to break composition rules: Rules are meant to be broken, right? Well, in photography composition, there are times when breaking the traditional rules can lead to extraordinary results. It’s important to understand the rules and their purpose first.
Once you have a solid grasp of composition techniques, you can then explore and experiment with breaking those rules to create unique and captivating images. But remember, breaking the rules should be a deliberate choice, driven by your creative vision.
2. Examples of unconventional composition techniques: Unconventional composition techniques can unleash your creativity and breathe life into your photographs. Consider intentional off-center compositions, where your subject is positioned away from the center, creating a sense of intrigue and dynamism.
Embrace negative space, intentionally leaving empty areas to draw attention to the subject or convey a sense of minimalism and simplicity. Explore unusual angles or perspectives, challenging the viewer’s perception and offering a fresh take on a familiar subject.
Another unconventional technique is deliberate motion blur, where you intentionally introduce movement into your image, adding a sense of energy and capturing the essence of a fleeting moment.
These unconventional approaches disrupt the traditional composition norms and invite viewers to engage with your images in unexpected ways.
3. The impact of breaking the rules on the overall aesthetic: Breaking the rules can lead to images that are visually striking and thought-provoking. By daring to step outside the boundaries of conventional composition, you can infuse your photographs with a sense of artistic freedom and individuality.
It allows you to tell your story uniquely and elicit emotional responses from your audience.
When you break the rules, you invite viewers to question, explore, and connect with your work on a deeper level. It challenges their expectations and provides them with a fresh perspective.
The impact of breaking the rules is not just limited to the aesthetic of your images; it extends to the way your audience engages with and interprets your photography
Conclusion: What Are Photography Composition Techniques?
In conclusion, photography composition techniques are the tools that empower you to transform ordinary scenes into extraordinary visual stories. They are the guiding principles that help you arrange elements within your frame to create balance, harmony, and impact.
From the rule of thirds and leading lines to framing, symmetry, depth and layering, color and contrast, the golden ratio, and even breaking the rules, each technique offers a unique way to express your creative vision. By mastering these techniques and knowing when to apply them or break them, you can unleash the full potential of your photography, captivating viewers and leaving a lasting impression.
So, grab your camera and embark on a journey of composition mastery, and let your images speak volumes through the language of visual storytelling.
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Excerpt from Introduction, Page 32-33:
"Statistics on HIV in Canada do not include trans, gender-nonconforming, and two-spirited people because testing clinics that report their data to PHAC collect only binary gender information, so clients are forced to place themselves in one of two gender categories. Including two-spirited youth in the analysis of HIV means recognizing that two-spirited youth often migrate from their home communities to cities to escape homophobia, stigmatization, and discrimination. Once in the city, they are often overrepresented in street economies and can experience difficulty finding appropriate housing, a lack of social supports, low income status, and a deterioration of their mental and physical health, including HIV exposure and the onset of AIDS symptoms.
The grave statistics are met with distressing institutional responses. While Indigenous people were marked as a key population for PHAC funding through the national HIV and Hepatitis C Community Action Fund, organizations like the Black Indigenous Harm Reduction Alliance in Montreal were denied funding in the 2016 cuts to programming. The future of CAAN is also uncertain, having had 70 per cent of its budget slashed. The Native Women's Association of Canada, which is not a community-based HIV organization and has been critiqued for its platform on sex workers that carries implications for their increased HIV exposure, has received funding. While PHAC allocated funding to three national Indigenous centric organizations and to at least 16 diverse, province-specific Indigenous organizations in order to address HIV levels in various communities, what happens when organizations integral to Indigenous AIDS responses like CAAN don't have stable funding? Where can Indigenous communities find accessible, localized services that are specific to their needs? Without funding for HIV/AIDS services for Indigenous people, can we hold out hope that community organizations will do this work, or are we facing a public health emergency that erases Indigenous women and two-spirited people? Institutional erasure - within government, research, and community organizing - of Indigenous women and two-spirited people compounds the funding cuts to systemically entrench inadequate responses, putting these communities at an increased long-term risk.
Existing institutional and knowledge production in a colonial society will never yield the radical grassroots HIV organizing that is so essential for the health of Indigenous women and two-spirited peoples. This article calls for an intervention into the white-settler queer and trans HIV organizing methods that contribute to the colonial erasure of Indigenous bodies. HIV organizers and researchers must consistently resist colonial responses to AIDS that have failed HIV-positive Indigenous women and two-spirited folks, who are disproportionately affected by HIV in Canada." (32-33).
Morgan, Jas M. (Lindsay Nixon). "States of Emergency: Confronting the Erasure of Indigenous Women and Two-spirited People in HIV Movements." Briarpatch 46, no. 1 (2017): 32-35.
About the Author: https://jasmorgan.com/about/
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Beets are incredibly nutrient-dense vegetables that are packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They are an excellent source of folate, manganese, potassium, iron, and vitamin C. Beets are also high in dietary fiber, which can help regulate digestion, support healthy cholesterol levels, and promote regularity.
Beets also contain nitrates which may help lower blood pressure and boost exercise performance. Studies have also suggested that beets may help protect against certain types of cancer and support cognitive health. All in all, beets are a delicious and nutritious way to add more nutrients to your diet.
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FC 01. Tool to Help Draft the Final Educational Competencies
The final educational competencies of each area of growth describe a body of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that young people are expected to use to solve different situations effectively. These competencies are considered final, because they should be developed by the last age section prior to leaving the Scout Movement.
These competencies are based on a combination of values of the Scout Movement, defined in the Educational Proposal, and the needs required to grow in a specific context and time.
Writing the educational competencies is a complex task. This tool proposes practical guidance to support teamwork.
This tool is intended to
- prepare you for writing the final educational competencies.
This tool is intended for
- the team responsible for the design or review of your NSO’s Youth Programme.
- participants who will use this material in seminars or workshops to study, debate, and design/review your NSO’s Youth Programme.
How to use this tool
- Read and discuss the material: Guidelines to Writing Educational Competencies.
- Form six teams, one for each growth area.
- Have each team write the final competencies for each growth area, using previously identified educational priorities as a basis.
- Next, get the teams to exchange their work and analyse the final competencies. Each team must evaluate if the final competencies are written properly, clearly, and if they are understandable and relevant.
- Finally, in a plenary session, ask the teams to share their conclusions and suggestions for improvements.
Guidelines to Writing Educational Competencies
1. Reflect on the steps taken
To write the final educational competencies, is very important to reflect on tasks that have been carried out previously. We suggest reflecting on the following:
- The needs and interests of young people in a specific social context.
- The social, political, economic, and cultural needs of society.
- Your ability, as an NSO, to fulfil both the needs and aspirations of young people and the needs of society.
- The values that we sustain as a Movement.
- The areas of growth and their educational priorities.
- The profile of the ideal person we aspire to form once they go through the educational process.
All this information must be re-examined and discussed, since it is essential for drafting the final competencies.
2. Establish a higher age limit for the last age section
Before defining the final competencies, it is essential to decide what the age limit will be in the last age section in your NSO. For this, several factors must be taken into account, including the needs of young people in the society in which they live, the age at which they access adult roles, other opportunities offered to young people, and the resources available in your NSO.
3. Choosing a development area and an educational priority
To begin, choose a development area and identify its educational priorities, which correspond to the needs of young people.
Write between one and three final competencies for each educational priority to ensure you cover all the educational aspects appropriately.
Although there is no minimum or maximum number of competencies, if the number of competencies is low, it is probable that you will not cover all the educational aspects that should be covered. On the contrary, if the number is very high, you run the risk of overwhelming and discouraging both responsible adults and young people who must work with these final competencies.
4. Elements of a competency
A competency includes the following elements: verb, object, and condition.
- The verb expresses a capacity. It is an action the person performs written in third person singular. You can use 1 to 3 verbs.
- The object presents the content or knowledge that is required to adequately perform the competency.
- The condition is the situation. The setting or the context in which the action will take place, the location, the resources, and the people with whom we execute it.
What do they do?
What do they do it with? Through what do they do it?
Where? How? Why do they do it?
|Collaborate||in the positive resolution of conflicts||in their community in order to contribute to peace.|
|Integrate||their religious principles||in a coherent way between their faith, their personal life, and their social participation.|
5. Examples of verbs
|Verbs related to knowing||Verbs related to know-how||Verbs related to knowing how to be|
As this is an educational process, another consideration will be the distance to be travelled by young people, i.e., the individual’s progress relative to their starting point.
Get an expert’s support
Writing final competencies is a demanding task with a certain degree of complexity. Ask for advice and support from people specialised in the development of Educational Proposals for young people between the ages of 17 and 26. The role of these specialists will be to assist us in drafting final competencies.
Analyse other NSOs’ final educational competencies
It can be very useful to analyse examples of final educational competencies written by other NSOs or other organisations dedicated to youth education.
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The College Cost Reduction and Access Act is the single largest investment in college financial assistance since the GI Bill in 1944. And it will take effect at no new cost to taxpayers by cutting excess subsidies paid by the federal government to lenders in the student loan industry.
The legislation saves college students an average of $4,400 on student loan interest, increases Pell Grant amounts, and forgives loans for those who provide 10 years of public service.
Rep. Raúl M. Grijalva, a member of the Education and Labor Committee, worked to include language in the base bill from previous Congresses. Specifically, Grijalva was able to include loan forgiveness for librarians, first responders, and bilingual educators in high need areas. In addition, he worked to ensure an increased investment in minority service institutions.
“This new investment in college financial aid is critical,” said Rep. Grijalva. “College costs have grown nearly 40 percent in the last five years. Students are graduating from college with more debt than ever before. The College Cost Reduction and Access Act ensures that college is affordable, accessible and makes an historic investment in America’s students, its economic competitiveness, and its future.”
The legislation would boost college financial aid by more than $20 billion over the next five years. The bill reduces excessive federal subsidies paid to lenders in the college loan industry by $20.9 billion. It also includes $750 million in federal budget deficit reduction. The legislation increases the maximum Pell Grant to $5,400 by 2012 and includes over $500 million for the Perkins Loan Program. In Arizona, this means that the 212,968 student recipients will see a $490 increase in their maximum Pell Grant scholarship next year and that at least 33,000 students will save over $4,730 in interest for their loans.
The College Cost Reduction and Access Act include a number of other provisions that will ease the financial burden imposed on students and families imposed by the cost of college, including:
- Tuition assistance for excellent undergraduate students who agree to teach in the nation’s public schools;
- Loan forgiveness after 10 years of public service and loan repayment for college graduates that go into vital public service jobs;
- Landmark investments in Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Hispanic Serving Institutions and $60 million to Tribal Colleges and Universities; and
- $228 million for Upward Bound, a program that helps prepare low-income, first generation students for college.
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In the modern world, there are a huge number of devices that help you feel comfortable in your home, even if the climate and weather outside are not particularly favorable.
One such system is the HVAC system, which combines heating, like heat pump, ventilation, and air conditioner units. However, you can also use the air conditioner not in coalition with the heat pump and ventilator, but as a separate unit.
A good advantage of using air conditioning is the setting of mods, which allows you to completely adjust the temperature for yourself, and one of these mods is the dry mode.
In this article, we will analyze what is the best temperature for dry mode, how it differs from other ways to remove moisture, and what are the advantages of using dry mode.
- 1 How to remove excess moisture?
- 2 What is an AC?
- 3 What is a dry mode in AC?
- 4 AC dry mode VS dehumidifier
- 5 AC dry mode VS AC cool mode
- 6 Dry mode VS fan mode
- 7 Advantages of using the dry mode
- 8 The best temperature for the air conditioner dry mode
- 9 FAQ
- 10 Conclusion
How to remove excess moisture?
Removing excess moisture can be done with special devices like a dehumidifier, however, you can also get rid of excess moisture with the help of functions that are installed in the air conditioning system besides dry mode, other functions can improve the percentage of moisture.
What is an AC?
An air conditioning system is a system that uses indoor air to change the temperature using heating and cooling functions.
The air conditioner can be controlled either using the buttons on it or using a remote control or an app on your phone.
In general, the air conditioner system is great for those people who live in a country whose climate does not suit them at all. For example, a person develops allergic reactions to a high percentage of moisture in a room during the rainy weather in England and air conditioning will help you cope with this problem.
Air conditioner modes
There are only four modes inside the air conditioner system, namely cooling mode, dry mode, fan mode, and auto mode. Fan mode can also be called air purification and renewal, cool mode cools the air, and auto mode adjusts and makes the air stable under the same characteristics.
What is a dry mode in AC?
Let’s move on to what the dry mode function on air conditioners is in general. Very often, users confuse cool mode with dry mode, but it cannot be said that they give a completely identical feeling. A dry mode is an option that lowers the humidity levels inside your home using the remote control.
Dry mode temperature setting
Dry mode temperature settings allow you to control that as humidity levels drop, the temperature doesn’t get too high or too low.
Usage of a dry mode in different conditions
Before you start using and adjusting the air conditioner dry mode, you first need to understand in what conditions it can be used and how.
If you want the air conditioner’s dry mode to be active all day long, you can do this as it won’t harm your conditioner too much. However, this may not be very convenient for you, since the temperature cannot be stable all day long and the complete absence of moisture in the air is not a favorable environment.
The dry mode will not be very effective in the summer, as there is rarely a large percentage of moisture in the air in hot weather and it is better to use the cold air function if you feel that the atmosphere inside the room has become stuffy.
An air conditioner with activated dry mode will not be particularly effective in hot weather, as it can even lead to dehydration.
An air conditioner with an activated dry mode is ideal for cold winter times, as the dry function is activated precisely in situations where the temperature is low and there is moisture.
It is best to use dry mode at the beginning of winter when the temperature is low and there is a lot of rainfall.
AC dry mode VS dehumidifier
Air conditioner’s dry mode and dehumidifier have a common goal, they remove the relative humidity percentage, but there are certainly differences between them. Let’s start with the fact that the dehumidifier is a separate device that is completely designed to remove excess moisture, it is not capable of doing any other manipulations with the air in the room.
If you buy a dehumidifier, this does not mean that it can replace the Air conditioner robot, because, with the help of an air conditioner, you can leave the relative humidity percentage and change only the temperature, which is much more efficient and convenient.
Dry mode is a function completely under your control, unlike a dehumidifier, since far from all dehumidifiers you can change the settings for how intensively the moisture will be removed, while the dry mode is controlled by you in all aspects.
Also, the dry mode is a much more cost-effective feature, because if you are satisfied with the amount of moisture, you can turn off dry mode and continue to use other functions of the air conditioner. In the case of a dehumidifier, you will need to spend money on additional temperature control devices.
AC dry mode VS AC cool mode
Most air conditioner users believe that cool mode and dry mode are two functions that are used for the same purpose, but this is not the case. Cool mode is used to cool the temperature, while dry mode does not affect the temperature inside the room.
You cannot use dry mode instead of cool mode, however, it is best to activate dry mode after activating cool mode, as it was said earlier that air purification from humidity levels works best in rooms with cold air.
Air conditioner dry mode can create cool air while getting rid of moisture, however, this does not mean that cool mode is not effective, as, on the other hand, the cool mode can reduce the percentage of moisture in the room.
These are two completely different functions that are suitable for their purposes, that is, with the correct setting of cool mode, you can get the ideal cold temperature, just like with dry mode, with the right setting, you get the ideal percentage of moisture for yourself. It will be impossible to set up dry or cool mode, not for their functions.
Dry mode VS fan mode
Another function of the air conditioner that many people confuse with the dry mode is the fan function. The fan, also unlike the cool mode, is completely made to replace the air that has been in the room for a long time with a new one, for example, if you used strong-smelling cleaning products, ventilation can help.
Also, the fan function can remove humidity with its fan speed, but this does not mean that this will happen on an ongoing basis. As mentioned earlier about the cool function, the fan option can control temperature and fan speed by adjusting the settings, however, it cannot completely replace the dry mode function.
On the other hand, the fan function is suitable for those people who want to ventilate the air, but at the same time maintain the same humidity levels or close to them.
Dry mode is a function that completely removes moisture, which is why you should immediately understand why exactly you do not like the presence of moisture, perhaps the problem is in temperature or air quality, in which case you better use cool mode and fan mode and check if moisture still bothers you.
Advantages of using the dry mode
To understand if you need to use an air conditioner’s dry mode, you should first read the benefits of using it, which you can find below.
Let’s start with the fact that an efficient air conditioner with activated dry mode will have a beneficial effect on your health. Dry mode is especially suitable for allergy sufferers, as it removes any irritants that breed in moisture.
And for healthy people, air with an optimum humidity level will be much more favorable.
Moisture always makes the temperature in the air seem higher than it is. It is because of this that when using an air conditioner with activated dry mode, you will feel the real temperature.
Also, moisture can create a feeling of stuffiness and lack of air, which is especially badly perceived in hot weather without cool mode and dry mode.
An air conditioner with activated dry mode prevents the spread of dust since it is in a humid environment where dust must of all begin to spread and settle on household appliances.
Also, a high level of moisture in the indoor air can independently spoil the performance of equipment in the house without using dry mode.
If the room has a high level of moisture, any bad smells will be very strongly felt even if you tried to hide them by all means. In this regard, an air conditioner with activated dry mode can also help.
Dry mode creates a fresh scent and prevents fungus and mold from developing in your apartment along with unpleasant odors, as we know moisture is the main trigger of mold development.
Also, an air conditioner with dry mode will help you if you are a fan of home workouts. Air with high levels of moisture will prevent you from exercising normally, as it will make it difficult for you to breathe and you will quickly get tired.
The dry mode will make the temperature and air much more conducive to physical activity.
So, does dry mode save electricity? You use air conditioners with cool mode every time the air temperature gets too high, but it may be due to the presence of moisture in the air. Also, the use of dry mode will allow other equipment to work much more and at the same time consume less electricity.
In this case, the use of dry mode will significantly save the use of electricity in your home.
The best temperature for the air conditioner dry mode
The best temperature for dry mode activated on the air conditioner depends primarily on you. You must understand that dry mode will be able to remove moisture in any case, whether you have really hot weather or, on the contrary, more favorable and cool.
However, it should be said that with cool air you will feel the result more, since it is in cold weather that there is a large development of moisture in the air, due to which it can become stuffy in the room, but when the windows are opened, there is a fear that the temperature will become too low.
It is best when using dry mode at high temperatures, first activate the dry function itself and after the percentage of moisture in the room rises to the desired level, just turn on cool mode.
The generally accepted and ideal temperature for dry mode is 77ºF. It is up to this temperature that dry mode tries to lower the air in the room by reducing the amount of moisture.
Just as soon as this temperature is reached, the ventilation together with the dry mode stops working, however, as soon as the temperature rises along with the level of humidity, the dry option is activated again.
How long can I use dry mode in AC?
It’s all up to you, as using dry mode in AC can last all day if the moisture level in the air is too high.
However, it’s best to use dry mode for exactly an hour or two a day at the time of day when the humidity is at its highest.
Does dry mode make the room cold?
The dry mode in AC can cause the room to cool down as the percentage of moisture disappears, causing the temperature to drop.
However, this by no means means that you can use dry mode to lower the temperature, as it is simply not efficient. It is better to use the cooling function of the air conditioner.
Does dry mode damage AC?
No, the use of dry mode does not affect the condition of the air conditioners in any way, even if you activate it for the whole day.
However, the AC dry mode is still best used for just a few hours, as the complete absence of moisture in the air can be harmful.
At what humidity should I use dry mode?
It is best to use air conditioners with activated dry mode during the period when the percentage of moisture is maximized.
If the moisture level is between 45 and 65 percent, then you need to activate the dry mode, most of the time humidity levels reach their highest point in the middle of the day.
The air conditioning unit is a device that will allow you to have complete control over the atmosphere in your room, as you can not only control the temperature, but also the humidity level using dry mode.
We hope that after reading this article the question “what is the best temperature for dry mode” will no longer be relevant to you since now you know the answer to it. Moreover, you understand how dry mode differs from other functions of the AC and dehumidifier, and what are the advantages of using dry mode.
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Generally, colorectal cancer is likely to return in a significant number of patients within three to five years of treatment. In light of this, a Mayo Clinic research team is using artificial intelligence (AI) for generating an algorithm to get ahead on detecting colorectal cancer resurgence.
The developed algorithm is called QuantCRC, and it’s able to pinpoint different regions in the cancer tumors through using close to 6,500 digital slide snapshots.
“QuantCRC can identify different regions within the tumor and extract quantitative data from these regions,” says study senior author Dr. Rish Pai, a pathologist at Mayo Clinic in Arizona, and developer of the algorithm. “The algorithm converts an image into a set of numbers that is unique to that tumor. The large number of tumors that we analyzed allowed us to learn which features were most predictive of tumor behavior. We can now apply what we have learned to new colon cancers to predict how the tumor will behave.”
The investigators utilized the technology in a multinational study by examining different colorectal cancer biospecimens from the Colon Cancer Family Registry. Participating locations include those in the U.S., Canada, and Australia. They then validated their results with an outside cohort of locations not participating in part of the registry in Canada and the U.S.
Fifteen parameters were examined and noted from every image captured, and then they were compared to patient findings in their health records and pathology reports. From this, QuantCRC was able to be used to predict survival odds in recurrence-free cases.
Not only can this technology serve as a valuable tool for measuring recurrence-free survival, but it’s even able to identify patients who do need chemotherapy or to be put on more aggressive intervention and monitoring measures. “For patients with colon cancer, the algorithm gives oncologists another tool to help guide therapy and follow-up,” says Dr. Pai.
The international team of researchers unanimously agreed that their QuantCRC is a vital asset to improving colon cancer outcomes. Further, it can help some patients in remission with low chance of recurrence have more peace of mind by providing an informed, evidence-backed message that their illness is likely to not return.
In the future, Dr. Pai hopes to take this research to new heights. He plans to use the technology to take his understanding of cancer recurrence mechanisms and apply it to treatment. He also aims to be able to predict the response to common treatments other than chemotherapy, like immunotherapy and radiation.
This study is published in the journal Gastroenterology.
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This ornate halberd was recovered from the bottom of a ca. 1611-1616 well near the north bulwark of James Fort.
Halberds were carried by the bodyguards of important people. When the newly appointed Governor and Captain General of Virginia, Lord De La Warr, arrived at Jamestown on June 10,1610, he had 50 halberdiers to protect him. He served just ten months in the colony before returning to England.
The iron head on this ceremonial polearm is highly engraved and includes images of griffins, De La Warr’s heraldic crest. The top blade has been purposely bent, perhaps to retrieve items the colonists had lost down the well.
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l-Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) occurs naturally in the body’s muscle and nervous tissues and is formed by the amino acids alanine and histidine. Levels of this dipeptide can decline with age. It is a water-soluble antioxidant and promotes cell health and cell longevity. In vitro, L-carnosine maintains healthy advanced glycation end-product, or AGE, activity. These end-products are formed when aldehydes (such as aldose and ketose sugars) and lipid peroxidation by-products bind to proteins. L-Carnosine plays a role in maintaining DNA integrity. L-Carnosine may also support superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, L-carnosine may help to maintain healthy peptide metabolism in the brain and its membrane-stabilizing properties support cellular health in the cardiovascular system. Some evidence suggests that the concentration of L-carnosine is an important factor in high-intensity exercise performance.
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Typical end uses of spruce plywood are: Floors, walls, and roofs in home constructions. Wind bracing panels. Vehicle internal body work. Packages and boxes, and fencing.
Another thing we asked ourselves was: when was plywood 1st used in construction?
While modern plywood products use a variety of glues, heat, and pressure to produce the product, plywood has been around at least since 3500 BC when a glued-veneer version was produced in Egypt.
Plywood was not a commercial product until after 1905. We did not have exterior adhesives for plywood until 1934. The plywood in the coach is not original, but was added after 1934.
Roseburg Forest Products Company is one of the largest private lumber companies in the United States. The company is a major supplier of engineered wood products. Its engineered wood products include brand name joists, rimboard, and underlayment. It markets a variety of traditional lumber produced from its stands of timber in Oregon and California.
What is Apapa plywood used for?
APA-trademarked plywood is suitable for a variety of end uses including subflooring, single-layer flooring, wall and roof sheathing, sheathing ceiling/deck, structural insulated panels, marine applications, siding, webs of wood I-joists, concrete forming, pallets, industrial containers, mezzanine decks, and furniture.
Then, what is the American Plywood Association (APA)?
Adhesive and technology improvements eventually led to the manufacture of structural plywood from Southern pine and other species, and in 1964 the Association changed its name to American Plywood Association (APA) to reflect the national scope of its growing membership.
While I was researching we ran into the inquiry “Where is the American engineered wood Association located?”.
Our chosen answer was the headquarters campus includes an office building and a 42,000-square-foot Research Center. A regional quality testing laboratory is located in Atlanta, Georgia. APA – The Engineered Wood Association is the nonprofit trade association of the U. And Canadian engineered wood products industry.
A decade later, APA accommodated manufacturers of non-panel engineered wood products, such as glulam timber, wood I-joists and laminated veneer lumber. To better reflect the broadening product mix and geographic range of its membership, the Association changed its name again in 1994 to APA – The Engineered Wood Association.
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Among the hundreds of billions of galaxies in the
universe we find the Milky Way, which contains itself hundreds of billions of
stars…including our sun.
As with all stars, the solar mass is such that the atoms in its centre are so compressed that they are subject to nuclear fusion which produces enormous quantities of energy (3,826×1026 [Wh]). This energy is radiated into space in the form of electro-magnetic rays, such as light, for example.
A very small part of this radiated power reaches our
planet’s atmosphere at the rate of 342 [W/m²] (a value averaged out over the
year and related to the total ground surface area of the earth).
See course « Global warming part 1 ».
We can consult the article of Mme Marie-Antoinette Mélières of the Laboratory of Glaciology and Environmental Geophysics (LGGE), on the CNRS site, section Climate systems and climatic factors, greenhouse effects.
Of the 342 [W/m²] which reaches our planet, 30% is reflected back into space, and 235 [W/m²] contributes to the thermal balance of our planet.
These energy flows are averaged over the 365 days x 24 hours of the year in relation to the total surface of the earth. They obviously vary according to the time and the month, and to the latitude and meteorological conditions.
In fine weather conditions with maximum sunlight, the energy flow received by the earth can exceed 1000 [W/m²].
It is therefore possible for a solar cell collector which is perfectly positioned to receive this power input.
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Vibration analysis is a sophisticated and invaluable non-destructive testing (NDT) technique employed in the evaluation of metal components across a diverse range of industries. This method capitalizes on the fundamental principles of mechanical vibrations to uncover structural anomalies, geometrical imperfections, defects, and weaknesses in metal parts. Through the precise measurement and analysis of vibrations, engineers and inspectors gain critical insights into the integrity and performance of these vital components.
At its core, vibration analysis revolves around the response of a metal part to an applied force or mechanical excitation. When a force is introduced, whether through mechanical stress, impact, or resonance, the metal component undergoes vibrations. These vibrations propagate through the material and can reveal a wealth of information about its condition.
One of the primary techniques used in vibration analysis is the measurement of natural frequencies and mode shapes. Every metal component has unique natural frequencies at which it vibrates when subjected to an external force. These frequencies are determined by the component's geometry, material properties, and boundary conditions. By exciting the metal part with controlled vibrations and monitoring its response, engineers can identify deviations from expected natural frequencies, which may indicate the presence of defects or changes in material properties.
Moreover, vibration analysis can detect other critical issues, including cracks, fatigue, delamination, and material degradation. It is particularly adept at identifying hidden defects that may not be apparent through visual inspection alone.
One of the standout advantages of vibration analysis is its non-invasive nature. It does not require the disassembly or alteration of the metal part being tested, preserving its structural integrity. This non-destructive character is particularly valuable when inspecting intricate or sensitive components.
The applications of vibration analysis in metal parts testing are widespread. In the aerospace industry, it is pivotal in assessing the structural health of aircraft components such as wings, landing gear, and engine mounts. In manufacturing, it helps maintain the quality of machined parts, ensuring they meet precise specifications. In the automotive sector, vibration analysis aids in evaluating the performance and durability of critical components like engine parts and suspension systems.
Modern vibration analysis systems are equipped with advanced sensors and data acquisition technologies. These systems can capture and analyze complex vibration signals with high precision, providing detailed information about a component's surface and shape. Additionally, software tools can assist in the visualization and interpretation of vibration data, enabling engineers to make informed decisions.
In summary, vibration analysis is an indispensable tool in the arsenal of non-destructive testing techniques for metal parts. By examining the response of metal components to mechanical excitation, it offers valuable insights into their structural integrity, performance, and potential defects. With ongoing advancements in sensor technology and data analysis, vibration analysis continues to play a pivotal role in ensuring the reliability and safety of metal parts in diverse industries.
ibg's Vibration Analysis is a state-of-the-art solution designed to detect concealed defects within spherical objects. ibg’s technology for Vibration Analysis prioritizes precision in inspections, offering dependable results in the age of paramount quality control learn more about ibg's special systems as Vibration Analysis equipment here. Contact us today to discover how ibg's Vibration Analysis can elevate your quality control processes and secure the integrity of your spherical components. Trust ibg for results that matter.
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The fasting culture has gained momentum rapidly as fitness enthusiasts and celebrities are singing praises for it. However, the fasting culture is not new as people all over the world have been practicing fasting over the centuries for religious and cultural issues.
There are different types of fasting performed and the potential benefits of fasting are supposed to be backed by science. Therefore, if you are curious to know all about the interesting benefits of fasting and more, stick to the article till the end then as we share all the details.
Fasting refers to the set period of time when a person observes complete abstinence from food and beverages. It can be also defined as a period of partial or total restriction on all foods, selected foods, or processed foods. Fasting limits calorie intake and helps in reducing weight to improve brain function.
Fasting means the unwilling abstinence or reduction of food or drink or both for a long period. Short-term fasting can have excellent health benefits. Also, the benefits of fasting are numerous.
Fasting involves zero-calorie beverages and no high-calorie junk food which helps in maintaining an overall healthy body weight.
To capitalize on the benefits of fasting, selecting to fast and resisting short-term gratification to pursue long-term goals requires mental strength.
About intermittent fasting
People performing fast feel a constant pang of hunger. However, during intermittent fasting, the cycles between periods of eating and fasting are quite flexible and therefore it provides more benefits than other types of fasting.
Intermittent fasting is an eating regime that involves cycles of fasting and eating. There are many different methods of intermittent fasting, including the popular 16/8 and 5:2 types.
It has been observed that intermittent fasting can help improve insulin resistance and subsequently reduce blood sugar levels. Intermittent fasting is a safe and effective method to lose visceral fat while enhancing your immune system.
It can reduce the potential risks of several ailments and also reduce oxidative harm and inflammation.
Intermittent fasting is safe and effective, however, scheduling the fasting and eating periods correctly is very important. Evidence suggests that correct scheduling is essential for effective weight loss, blood pressure control, blood sugar level regulation, and diabetes prevention.
[To know more about intermittent fasting, click here]
Why does fasting help?
Fasting triggers numerous cellular functions and not only helps in losing weight but also aids in eliminating toxins and damaged cells, thereby, lowering the risk of chronic ailments. It also helps in enhancing brain functions.
Fasting improves metabolism, lowers blood sugars, lessens inflammation, and improves health ailments from chronic pain to asthma. However, the benefits of fasting depend upon the medical history of an individual.
Intermittent fasting is deemed safe and effective for people undergoing heavy exercise and is considered appropriate to prevent a high-risk relapse. Early restriction on feeding increases insulin sensitivity to blood pressure and inflammation.
We, human beings, follow a day-night cycle, i.e. our circadian rhythm. Our metabolism adapts to the day’s diets and to sleep. People tend to find the benefits of fasting dubious or anecdotal. However, research suggests that if fasting is regulated through a schedule, it can be reasonable, effective, and sustainable.
People diagnosed as having diabetes or taking certain medication to control them shouldn’t feign fasting unless they have been observed to do so by a healthcare entrant who has a diagnosis of diabetes. Those pregnant or lactated can avoid intermittent fasting unless they do exercise daily. These are some overall benefits of fasting.
Benefits of fasting
Some research has found that fasting reduces inflammation and helps in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. One study reported in 10 patients having type 2 diabetes, fasting had significantly lowered blood sugar.
Another review said that intermittent fasting and alternate-day fasting were as effective in reducing calorie intake and helped in reducing the risk of heart disease.
The American Heart Association states that regular fasting can help patients fight cancer cells, burn fat, reduce body weight, and improve metabolism. Those who fast routinely have a less than 45 percent mortality rate than those who don’t fast.
Fasting can also help prevent several neurodegenerative disorders. According to some studies, fasting can be used to slow down aging and inhibit the development of diabetes and thyroid disorders, thus boosting a person’s chances of living long and healthy.
Fasting also helps in boosting the working capacity of the brain. Anecdotal experience suggests that one can actually observe improvement in neurological functions.
After your body frees itself of toxins, your brain has access to a cleaner bloodstream. This improves brain clarity and memory and increases sharpness. To capitalize on the benefits of fasting, selecting to fast and resisting short-term gratification to pursue long-term goals requires mental strength.
How does fasting work?
Our body uses glucose to produce energy. Now once the glucose reservoir diminishes, the body begins to burn fat to produce the required energy. This is considered metabolic switching.
Fasting causes the body to search for alternative measures to produce energy and continue its daily functions. Fasting puts the body under mild stress and it changes how our cells adapt to cope.
Benefits of intermittent fasting
Intermittent fasting can be described as time-restricted feeding. It is a popular way to handle weight and prevent several ailments. It maintains blood sugar levels in the bloodstream and can cure chronic conditions under medical supervision like irritable bowel syndrome, high blood pressure, or osteoarthritis.
In the long run, losing weight helps in reducing the risk of diseases associated with unhealthy weight. Intermittent fasting is also the best preventative measure used against preventing chronic disease.
Intermittent fasting is safe for people, however, one should always consult their medical advisor before including a fasting regime in their daily routine. If are under treatment for ailments like kidney stones, gastroesophageal reflux, diabetes, or other chronic ailments, consult a medical professional before committing to intermittent fasting.
Intermittent Fasting Plans
Intermittent fasting help in prolonging the period where it can burn the calories consumed at your last meal. According to research when the body continues working for several hours without food, the body begins to use the sugar stores and burn them.
It sometimes takes two to four weeks to become accustomed to intermittent fasting. Episodes like 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours fast periods do not necessarily improve your health and can be dangerous instead.
According to the research, the 5: 2 diet plan can be extremely effective for your health. It involves eating regularly five days a week and then one 500 – 600 calorie meal a day is taken for the remaining two days.
Another recommended diet plan can also be, eating for eight hours a day and fasting for the rest or you may decide to eat only one daily meal two days a week.
What should be eaten while fasting?
During intermittent fasting, hydration is an absolute must. Cups of black coffee and tea are also allowed. At the same time at mealtime choose complex, unrefined carbohydrates such as whole grains, leafy greens, healthy fats, and lean proteins.
You must stay away from sugary meals and processed items. Try to eat your food at a slow pace and fill up your plate with items like wholewheat pasta, rice, meat, beans, and potatoes rather than unhealthy processed food items.
Try not to physically exhaust yourself. Light exercises are however recommended. You should consult with a dietician or nutritionist to help you chalk out a diet plan to maximize the benefits of fasting.
Do not use fasting as a method to treat chronic mental health problems. Consult a professional medical advisor for proper guidance and treatment.
There have been several studies proving the benefits of fasting. But fasting as a method of weight loss needs some additional information. The benefits of fasting are numerous, however, people taking certain medications should not fast unless recommended by a healthcare professional. Pregnant or lactating women should avoid intermittent fasting as well.
If you want to start fasting, please consult your doctor. Fasting can be hard and sometimes unpleasant but the physical results can be observed.
Fasting too much or too often can create severe dehydration, mental stress, and disruption of sleep. Doctors advise against fasting if you feel any symptoms that come from dehydration or depression.
Don’t eat big meals at first and spread the meals to yourself then let your body go and get used to processing. Stop carefully and stretch each meal gradually and spread slowly until you get into your fasting rhythm.
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Learn about the Ainu, japan‘s indigenous people, through crafts and instruments
The Ainu Culture Promotion Center is a fascinating place that offers visitors a unique opportunity to learn about the Ainu, Japan’s indigenous people. Located in Sapporo, Hokkaido, the center showcases over 300 items of indigenous art, clothing, and tools, providing a deep insight into the rich culture and history of the Ainu people.
One of the highlights of the center is the exhibition room, where visitors can explore various aspects of Ainu culture. The room is filled with artifacts that offer a glimpse into the daily lives of the Ainu people. From traditional clothing to intricately carved tools, there is so much to see and learn. What makes the experience even more special is that many of these artifacts can be held and examined closely, allowing visitors to truly immerse themselves in the Ainu culture.
Another interesting aspect of the center is its focus on hands-on experiences. Visitors have the opportunity to participate in various activities that allow them to engage with Ainu culture directly. One such activity is the traditional Ainu craft-making workshop. Here, visitors can learn how to create Mukkuri, a traditional Ainu instrument, and also try their hand at traditional embroidery. These workshops are conducted in collaboration with the Sapporo Ainu Association and require advance reservations. It’s a wonderful way to learn about Ainu traditions and also take home a unique souvenir.
In addition to the exhibition room and workshops, the center also provides educational resources for visitors. There is a dedicated computer that offers instruction on the pronunciation of the Ainu language. This is particularly helpful for those interested in understanding the linguistic heritage of the Ainu people. Learning about the Ainu language not only provides insights into their cultural practices but also helps in preserving this endangered language.
The Ainu Culture Promotion Center is not just a place to learn about the past; it also actively works towards revitalizing Ainu traditions. The center collaborates with local communities and organizations to promote and preserve Ainu culture. Through various initiatives, they aim to ensure that Ainu traditions are passed down to future generations. By participating in workshops and visiting the center, visitors are contributing to the preservation of this unique cultural heritage.
To visit the Ainu Culture Promotion Center, there are several options for transportation. If you’re coming from Sapporo, you can either drive or take a bus. From Sapporo Station, you can catch a Jotetsu bus that will take you to the center in about an hour. The bus route is bound for Jozankei Onsen or Hoheikyo Onsen—Kaisoku 7 or 8. Once you reach the bus stop near the center, it’s just a short six-minute walk to the entrance. The center is easily accessible, making it convenient for visitors to explore and learn about Ainu culture.
Aside from visiting the center, there are other attractions in the area that offer a deeper immersion into Ainu culture. One such attraction is the nearby hot spring, where visitors can experience Ainu-style bathing. The Ainu have a unique approach to bathing, which involves using natural hot spring water for therapeutic purposes. This is a great opportunity to relax and rejuvenate while also experiencing an important aspect of Ainu culture.
Another nearby attraction is the Koganeyu Tenmangu Shrine. This shrine holds great significance for the Ainu people and is considered a sacred place. Visitors can explore the shrine grounds, learn about its history, and even participate in traditional ceremonies if available. It’s a chance to witness the spiritual beliefs and practices of the Ainu people and gain a deeper understanding of their worldview.
In conclusion, the Ainu Culture Promotion Center is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in learning about the Ainu, Japan’s indigenous people. Through its exhibitions, workshops, and hands-on experiences, the center offers a comprehensive and immersive journey into Ainu culture. From traditional crafts to linguistic heritage, visitors have the opportunity to explore various aspects of Ainu traditions and gain a deeper appreciation for their rich history. By supporting the center and participating in its activities, visitors contribute to the preservation and revitalization of Ainu culture. So, make sure to include a visit to the Ainu Culture Promotion Center in your itinerary when exploring the beautiful city of Sapporo, Hokkaido.
Address And Maps Location:
27 Koganeyu, Minami-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido
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Savoring Iran: A Journey Through Traditional Flavors
What you will read in this article:
The Persian food philosophy also dictates that to maintain a balanced diet: “hot” and “cold” foods be eaten together. For if you drink Dugh (a drink made from churned sour milk or yogurt and mixed with water) with your fish meal, so, according to this philosophy, you have constituted a risky proposition for yourself; because both are cold. The hot and cold philosophy dates from the Achaemenid era but it is still widely adhered to.
Yogurt, cheese, radishes, and fresh green herbs are all “cold” and are common on Iranian tables as salt and pepper are in the West. They act as a balance to the ever-present meats and any sweet desserts, which are both “hot”.
Nowadays you can find a vast range of cuisines in Iran, as in most countries of the world.
There are many varied traditional and national Iranian dishes such as:
(steamed rice with grilled lamb)
Chelo-kabab is normally eaten with grilled tomatoes and herbs such as mint with the red powder of sumach sprinkled on the rice the powder is nourished and adds taste to the dish;
(a kind of sauce or stew which is commonly cooked with different ingredients and served with rice)
There are many kinds of Khoresht such as the chrome sabzi which is made with shredded onions and herbs with pieces of lamb and certain spices;
Fesenjan: (poultry. especially goose or duck, ground walnut, pomegranate syrup, sugar and spice)
Most provinces have their special dishes.
Also, pizzas and fast food can be found anywhere.
Rice and bread are the stable foods of the Iranians which they eat with meat and vegetable dishes along with herbs and yogurt.
Iran has a wide range of bread types and Iranian breads are some of the tastiest anywhere in the world. In Iran, bread is commonly purchased fresh out of the hearth. Different kinds of Iranian bread are Sangak, Lavash, Taftoon, and Barbary.
But of course, European types of bread such as the French baguette, and the English white slices are also available in Iran.
Iranians also make a wide range of sweets and confectionery in most of which they put pieces of almonds, pistachios, and hazelnuts as well as dried fruits.
Yazd, Kerman, and Tabriz are well known for their sweets. The Sohan of Qom and Isfahan and kolaches of Gilan are well known throughout Iran and are very much relished. Iranians also prepare Many types of Sherbets or sweet drinks. As a beverage, there is always Cola, Pepsi, and nonalcoholic beer available. One of the common traditional Iranian beverages is Doogh (yogurt drink), which is used with fragrant vegetables in all parts of Iran, especially in the summer.
Black Tea is a very popular drink in Iran and in other words, it is the national drink of Iran which is served with crystallized or cubed sugar (Called “ghand” in Iran).
Also, there is a wide variety of fruit juices and drinks such as cherry cordial and banana milkshakes in Iran.
The caviar of Iran, which is obtained from sturgeon fish in the Caspian Sea, has a worldwide reputation and is a tonic. Different kinds of food are cooked in northern and southern parts of Iran with fish.
The shrimp of the Persian Gulf is amongst the best in the world and due to its quality, varieties of foods are cooked with it. Bread baking in Iran is done in different ways.
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Let’s remember 10 freedom fighters of Odisha who particularly made a mark and left the British power utterly hopeless, irritated, and distressed. People from all states of India came together to fight the War of Independence.
In 1817, the Paiks of Khurda and the people of some areas of Orissa raised their strong voices against the Britishers, which is known as the Paik rebellion. The rebellion of 1817, according to some scholars is the first war of independence. This became a source of inspiration for nationalist leaders.
This post is an essay on the famous Odia freedom fighter’s image with name.
Baji Rout is the youngest martyr of India. This 12 yr old boat boy was shot dead by British police when he courageously denied to ferry them across the Brahmani River on the night of 11th October 1938 at Nilakanthapur Ghat, Bhuban, Dhenkanal district.
Baji Rout was the youngest son of a boatman on the Brahmani river. As an active member of the Banar Sena of Prajamandal (Party of People), He had volunteered to keep watch by the river at night. The British Police force ordered him to cross the river by his Boat which he denied. The police force became revengeful and fired Baji Rout along with Laxman Mallik and Fagu Sahoo.
Jayee Rajguru, who was born in 1739 in an eminent scholarly family in Bira Harekrushnapur village, near Puri, was killed by the Britishers in a gruesome manner on December 6, 1806. His legs were tied to two different branches of a banyan tree in Medinipur village and the branches were let off splitting his body into two parts.
Veer Surendra Sai
Surendra Sai sacrificed his life fighting against the British and died in obscurity. Surendra Sai and his associates resisted the British and successfully protected most parts of Western Odisha region for some time from the British rule. Most of them died unnoticed fighting for freedom from the British. Many of them were hanged by the British; a few died in the Cellular Jail in the Andamans. Surendra Sai himself died in Asirgarh Jail on 28 February 1884.
Laxman Nayak, an Odia folk-hero of Koraput of southernmost part of Odisha and a cult-figure among its tribals, was born in Tentuliguma village of the Koraput district. Responding to the call of Mahatma Gandhi, Nayak led a procession on August 21, 1942 and demonstrated peacefully in front of Mathili Police Station. The police however fired at the demonstrators indiscriminately, which killed forty and injured more than two hundred people. The administration implicated Nayak in a case of murder and the death sentence was pronounced on him on November 13, 1942. He was hanged on March 29, 1943 in Berhampur Jail.
The famous freedom fighter Dharanidhar Bhuyan was born on May 5, 1864 in a Bhuinya family in a small village called Kusumita of Keonjhar District of Orissa. He fought against slavery for the Kondh, Kohla and Bhuinya communities. Dharanidhar led people against oppression and British dominance. He raised his voice against the Britisher in 1891 when he saw the unlawful activities towards his community. But at last he was arrested by the soldiers of Downson and was imprisoned for 7 years in Cuttack jail. He was released in 1897 and after that a great change was seen in his life. He led the life of a Sanyasi (saint) at Banki near to Puri beach.
Chakhi Khuntia played a very crucial role by fomenting resentment among the Indian soldiers called “Sepoys” and organised a mutiny which subsequently took a violent shape. Khuntia was well known as the Panda of Sepoys or Hajuri Panda (religious guide of Indian soldiers). On account of his involvement in this first freedom struggle, Chakhi Khuntia was arrested many times and kept behind the bars. Chakhi Khuntia spent the last leg of his life at Puri. He was not allowed to go anywhere else. He devoted himself to the literary pursuits and religious rites relating to Lord Jagannath. He breathed his last in 1870 at Puri.
Raghu and Dibakar
Two spirited youngmen Dibakar Parida and Raghunath Mohanty played a significant role in the Ranapur Rebellion of 1938-39. The fiery words of these leaders awakened the consciousness of the masses. As a result the spirit of revolt spread even to the remotest parts of the country. People of the feudatory states like Dhenkanal, Talcher and Ranapur responded to the call of the leaders and joined the movement. It was the dawn of 4th April 1941 when the young patriots stood on the gallows of Bhagalpur jail.
In order to fight against injustice and wrong of the British rulers Buxi Jagabandhu united the Paiks, Daleis, Dalabeheras and Paik Sardars of Khurda, who were also deprived of their “Niskar Jagirs” (Rent-free landed properties given to them by the king of Khurda). On 25th May 1825, Buxi Jagabandhu surrendered himself before the British rulers and stayed at Cuttack alongwith his family members. On 24th January, 1829 Buxi Jagabandhu left the mortal world for the heavenly abode.
Rindo Majhi was a freedom fighter who was a leader of the Kandha revolution in Kalahandi region in Orissa against the British in India. In 1853 Lt. Macniell arrested Rindo Majhi and the Kondhas chief was imprisoned in Rasalkanda jail without trial. The fire of revolution grew much and worse among the Kondhas by the arrest of Rindo Majhi. On 10 December the Kondhas attacked the residence of Lt. Macneill at Urladani. But the British had guns and powers. Hundreds of people died. Lt. Macneill escaped narrowly because the Tahasildar of Kandhamal Dinabandhu Pattanaik came and rescued him and his people. The British hanged Rindo Majhi.
Laxmi Indira Panda
Laxmi Panda was one of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose’s Indian National Army’s youngest members. She was possibly the only Odia woman to enlist with the INA and join its camp in what was then Burma. To avoid confusion with the far more famous (Captain) Lakshmi Sehgal at the time, Bose personally gave her the new name Indira.
She fought the British for India’s independence. Laxmi and her younger brother were orphaned after their parents were killed in a British air raid in 1943. She joined the INA because she was resolved to revenge his parents’ deaths. Janki Thevar, Gowri, Shah Nawaz Khan, Lakshmi Sehgal, and Dhillon are some of the prominent INA fighters with whom Laxmi has worked.
During the Indian freedom struggle in 1921, Sarala Devi joined the non-cooperation movement as a freedom fighter. She was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi and worked tirelessly to improve societal problems and elevate women’s positions.
She was the first woman elected to the Odisha Legislative Assembly as part of independent India. Sarala Devi was also elected as the first female speaker of the Legislative Assembly and the first Odia woman to be elected as an Indian National Congress delegate.
Rama Devi Choudhury was the first woman freedom fighter of Odisha. She was born in the little village of Satyabhamapur, near Cuttack, in 1899. She received no formal schooling and married Gopabandhu Chowdhury at the age of 15.
In 1921, she and her husband joined the Indian independence movement. Mahatma Gandhi had a strong influence on her, and she used to travel from village to village encouraging women to join the freedom cause. Jai Prakash Narayan, Vinoba Bhave, and her uncle Madhusudan Das were also influential.
She met Gandhiji in 1921 and joined the Non-Cooperation Movement with her husband. They joined the Indian National Congress and began wearing khadi the same year. She was an important participant in the Salt Satyagraha movement in Odisha in 1930.
In November 1930, she and her comrades were seized and imprisoned by the British. She was jailed multiple times together with other women’s liberation advocates such as Sarala Devi and Malati Choudhury. She became actively concerned about Harijan’s care. During the Quit India Movement of 1942, Rama Devi’s entire family, including her husband Gopabandhu Choudhury, was jailed.
Following Kasturba Gandhi’s death, Gandhiji appointed her as the representative of the Kasturba Trust of Orissa Chapter. She died on July 22, 1985.
Malati Devi Choudhury is originally from Kamarakhanda in Bikrampur, Dhaka. She had, however, settled in a small village in Odisha. In 1927, she married Nabakrushna Choudhury.
She joined Mahatma Gandhi on his famous padayatra in Odisha in 1934, and in 1946, she established the Bajiraut Chhatravas at Angul, followed by the Utkal Navajeevan Mandal in 1948.
Bajiraut Chhatravas was established to provide education to children of independence warriors, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, other backward classes, and underprivileged elements of society.
Malati Choudhury was elected to the Indian Constituent Assembly in 1946. During the Bhoodan Movement, she joined Acharya Vinoba Bhave.
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Inspenet, September 4, 2023.
Scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a carbon capture system using an electrochemical cell capable of trapping and releasing CO 2 efficiently.
This device operates at room temperature and consumes less energy compared to traditional amine-based carbon capture systems , as detailed in an article published in the journal ACS Central Science.
Carbon capture is a promising technique to combat climate change, since it allows carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to be trapped before it is released into the atmosphere. However, the conventional process requires a significant amount of energy and equipment.
Many industries are opting for electrification as a strategy to reduce emissions, although this solution is not applicable in all sectors.
Excess carbon dioxide can be captured using capture technologies that generally rely on amines to remove the pollutant through chemical reactions. However, this process also demands a considerable amount of energy, heat and industrial equipment, sometimes resulting in increased consumption of fossil fuels.
Creation of the carbon capture system
The scientists, including Fang-Yu Kuo, Sung Eun Jerng and Betar Gallant, aimed to develop an electrochemical cell that could capture and release CO 2 simply and reversibly, with minimal power consumption, using renewable energy sources.
First, the team created a cell that could trap and release carbon by “balancing” positively charged cations through a solution of amine dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide.
During cell discharge, a strong Lewis cation interacted with carbamic acid, releasing CO 2 and forming amine carbamate. Then, in the reverse process during cell charging, the cation disappeared, allowing the cell to capture CO 2 and reform carbamic acid.
Likewise, the scientists managed to improve the ionic oscillation technique by using a combination of potassium and zinc ions. In a prototype cell, they used these two types of ions as essential components of the cell’s cathode and anode. Such a cell requires a lower amount of power compared to those that rely on heat and demonstrated competitive results in early tests.
In addition to this, they put the device through long-term stability tests and found that it retained approximately 95% of its original capacity after being subjected to several charge and discharge cycles, supporting the viability of the system.
The researchers conclude that this work demonstrates that a feasible electrochemical option exists, which could contribute to making continuous CO 2 capture and release technologies more applicable in industrial settings.
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Making allows students to learn by doing and solve problems by tinkering, trial and error. Minecraft is a 3D sandbox game, which has made its way into classrooms because it engages students across a range of subjects. Imagine the learning that happens when these two popular education movements are combined.
The outcome is a powerhouse of student engagement, says Mike Washburn, head of computer science at Richmond Hill Montessori & Elementary Private School in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In his mind, games shouldn't be relegated to the fringes in classrooms. Educators should leverage them to engage students and drive new ways of thinking.
And when it comes to teaching social studies, a subject that often gets a bad rap when supported by only worksheets and textbook reading, incorporating Minecraft can create an explosion of learning. Game playing takes the " "boring" " right out of it and can be a highly successful way to teach social studies, Washburn argues.
Following social studies lessons about the Middle Ages, for instance, students can be tasked with creating a castle in Minecraft where they can include significant detail both inside and outside to show what they've learned.
" "I focus on the idea that this is a culminating activity that many teachers have actually done before. Now, we're just taking that same old activity and turning it into an opportunity for students to show their passion and creativity in a way they love," " Washburn says.
Washburn will present his ideas during his BYOD session, The Minecraft Makerspace, at ISTE 2015. If you sign up for this preregistration event, bring your virtual diamond pick ax and get ready to complete a K-8 social studies assignment the Minecraft way.
You'll get a social studies assignment that involves creating a structure or community that reflects a specific culture and asked to create it within a Minecraft multiplayer server.
Along the way, you'll learn about the pedagogy and theory behind the approach and why students and teachers alike should be playing games in class.
" "You'll come away smiling because you played video games at an education conference and left inspired by the possibilities," " Washburn predicts. " "Most of all, I hope people leave knowing the opportunities for video games in education are endless." "
Want to find out more about maker movement sessions at ISTE 2015? Sign up for Preview ISTE 2015 and get a sneak peek at the session Smash, Mash and Hack Your Way to Your Own Dynamic Makerspace. Preview ISTE is free, so what are you waiting for? Sign up today.
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By the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
- Define the basic terms relating to internet such as internet, world wide web (www), electronic mail (e-mail);
- Identify: internet browser, website address;
- Open an e-mail;
- Write e-mail address;
- Mention the benefit and the abuses of Internet;
- Recognize and name icons in the internet environment;
- Send and receive e-mail address and website;
- Chart on the internet,
- Link up with educational network groups.
World Wide Web (www): This is the collection of all the web sites and
web pages used to form a global web of information on the internet. It is a
system of interlinked, hypertext document that run over the internet.
E-mails (Electronic mail): It is a facility that provides a way of sending
and receiving electronic text messages between two or more people on the internet.
E-mail Address: this is the address of
an electronic mail on the internet through which text messages are sent electronically between computers.
Website address is the address in which we can use to locate a web site. It is also called Uniform Resources Location (URL).
web site is a colleetion of web pages available to companies or individual
in the World Wide Web to provide information.
Internet browser: This is a program that displays the information available on the internet. Examples are Mozilla, Netscape, Microsoft opera, google chrome e.t.c.
Modem: this is a computer component that translates information to be sent to and from the internet that is, it modulates and demodulates information.
Internet service Provider (ISP): Internet Service Provider is an organization that provides internet services or connects the user to the
Home Page: this is the first page that appears each time a user connects to the internet.
Web name: this is the name you register on the internet.
Explanations of Learning Concept Above
A. The Electronic mail (e-mail)
This is the facility that provides a way of sending and receiving electronic text messages between two or more people on the internet. ISPs allow the internet users to send or receive mails without extra charges.
Examples of Internet Service
- Windows live.
E-mail Address must be created in order for a user to have access to use an e-mail facility. This address is a word divided into four parts:
- A network name.
- @ which is a symbol of”at”.
- ISP name.
- A code majorly three letters.
Examples of e-mail address
- Emeka (@yahoo.com
- Bola @yahoo.com
- Ahmed (@yahoo.com
- Gloria @yahoo.com
– Emeka is a network name
– @ is a symbol that represents “at”
– Yahoo is an ISP
– .com is a code name
Steps in Creating an e-mail account
- Open Yahoo mail website using the website address referred to as www.
- Yahoo mail.com
- Click on the sign up button.
- Select the free e-mail option.
- Fill in the required information on the registration form that appear.
- Click on I Agree button.
- A registration confirmation webpage will be displayed.
Steps in Sending an e-mail in Yahoo mail
- Open Yahoo mail website.
- Enter your e mail address and the password.
- Press the enter key to display the web page.
- Click on the compose button.
- Fill the upper part of the compose web page as required.
- Click the send button
Steps on How to Check An E-mail in Yahoo Main
- Open yahoo mail website.
- Enter your e-mail address and password.
- Press the Enter Key to display a web page.
- Click the check mail button or double-click the sender’s name in them.
- inbox folder to display the text message.
- Click the check mail button to go back to inbox page.
How To Print e-mail In Yahoo
- Display the text message in the e-mail
- Click on the print button to print the page
Icons in the Internet Environment
Back: It returns the user to the immediate previous site.
Forward: It moves the user to the next web page or site.
Print: It prints the displayed web page.
Favorites: It keeps track of the user’s favourite website.
Stop: It stops the current action on the web page.
Search: It allows the user to search the internet.
Home: It returns the user to the home page.
Refresh: It reloads the web page that the user is currently retrieving. If the previous loading fails.
B. World Wide Web (www)
World Wide Web is the largest site on the internet. It is a popular facility on the internet. The web consist of different web sites with a unique web site address or URL. URL means Uniform Resource Locator. The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used interchangeably in everyday speech; it is common to speak of “gong on the Internet” when invoking a web browser to view web pages. However, the internet is a particular global computer network connecting millions of computing device; the World Wide Web is just one of many services running on
the internet. The Web is a collection of interconnected documents (web pages) aid other web resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. In addition to the Web, a multitude of other services arc implemented over the Internet, including e-mail, file transfer, remote computer control, newsgroups, and online games. Web (and other)
Services can be implemented on any intranet, accessible to network users.
Interweb is a mixture of Internet and World Wide Web typically used sarcastically to parody a technically unsavvy user.
C. Internet Chart
Charting is a way of communicating with people in the same chat room anywhere in the world. Examples are Messengers such as Yahoo, Facebook etc.
A chart room is a location on the internet where a group of people with common internet gather to communicate.
Reasons for chatting
- To get first hand information on the internet
- To meet new friends anywhere in the world.
- To give an answer to a question on the internet in order to solve
- someone’s problem
How to chat on the internet
- Create an internet message that will allow you to chat. E.g. Yahoo
- Locate any website that create instant massages.
- Make sure you have an ID name and password
- Log on to chat room by typing your ID and password to any of the
- instant massager
- Search for a topic of internet on the internet.
- Type to discuss.
Benefits of the Internet
- Easy shopping and trading e.g. foreign exchange.
- It gives fast and cheap means of gathering and transmitting
- It aids watching and downloading of movies and songs.
- It helps in locating institution in the world for admission.
- It gives instant messaging e.g. chatting
- It aids advertisement of goods and services.
- It supports sporting activitics.
- It gives fast exchange of information and data.
- It aids sending and receiving of mails.
- It gives e-banking, c-leaning, e-commerce and e-enter
Abuses of the internet
- Watching pornography films
- Invasion of privacy through special software called Spy ware.
- What is internet?
- list the benefit of the internet.
- Mention ways abusing the internet.
- State 5 terms used in internet
- Define two of the terms.
- What is full meaning of URL?
- Briefly explain how to create e-mail account in Yahoo.
- Briefly explain the steps involved in chatting on the internet.
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In a timely video essay, Vox producer Liz Scheltens explains how votes are counted in the over 3,000 counties that make up the entirety of the United States. Scheltens further states that ballot verification, processing, and counting takes a great deal of time, particularly in a year when more people voted early or by mail than ever before. This combined with ballot restrictions in some crucial states, counting cannot start until Election Day itself in certain cases. Despite the seemingly endless blockades, however, every citizen of the United States has the right and the responsibility to vote.
Even before the coronavirus struck, more Americans each election were either voting early or
voting by mail. But in 2020, these numbers are expected to skyrocket. The way Americans choose their President is complicated? even in a relatively normal election year. In 2020, voters are facing a pandemic, an underfunded postal service and the closure of polling locations in battleground states like Georgia, Ohio, Arizona, and Texas. It’s enough to make you want to just tune out until it’s over. But once you know how votes are counted, you can understand why yours counts.
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