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Recently, we often hear the words "SDGs" and see the colorful logo like donut-shaped.
SDGs is an abbreviation for "Sustainable Development Goals".
According to the website of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the SDGs is explained below…
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are international goals for a sustainable and better world by 2030, which were adopted in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development at the United Nations Summit in September 2015 as the successor to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) formulated in 2001.
The SDGs consist of 17 goals and 169 targets, and pledge to "leave no one behind" on the Earth. The SDGs are universal, not only for developing countries but also for developed countries themselves, and Japan is actively working on them.
Now, I would like to say that Frontier Nakatsu has started to produce "Food Waste Kieero"
at the request of Nakatsu City Environmental Policy Division.
Not only in Nakatsu City, but also on a global scale, the garbage problem is becoming more serious, and we accepted this request because we think it is one of the effective ways to "leave no one behind" on the earth.
Although this is a small initiative by a small utility, we feel the great responsibility and are working hard as a team.
For more information on the SDGs, please visit the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.
For more information on "Food Waste Kieero"
, please visit the Nakatsu City Environmental Policy Division website.
In addition, it seems that they are currently recruiting monitors for "Food Waste Kieero". The link is also attached below.
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Suggestions in your practice
Eating disorders suggestions for General Practice
After completing this learning tool you may feel that you wish to incorporate some of the learning points in your own practice.
It is clear that anorexia nervosa is the most serious eating disorder however the numbers dealt with in general practice will be low.
The overall incidence of eating disorders in the young female population that presents to general practice is approximately 5%.
By raising awareness and being equipped to deal with these patients when they present access to appropriate treatment will be easier for your patients.
Suggestions for identifying patients
- screen high risk individuals using the SCOFF tool
- do a simple search of your computer system looking for patients with recorded BMI less than 17.5
- ask frequent attendees if they have issues with food
- consider an eating disorder in patients presenting with mood disorder
- make all staff aware of the risk of eating disorder and the signs to look for
Suggestions for improving practice
- find out what services are available to patients with eating disorders in your locality
- become familiar with guided self-help cognitive behavioural therapy
- be receptive to concerns from parents, friends or school teachers
- remember that adolescents and adults have different treatment needs
- become familiar with and make a list of appropriate resources that your patient or carer can refer to
Suggestions for improving service
- if specialist eating disorder services are not available for both adolescents and adults then you may wish to lobby your primary care organisation
- find out if there are practitioners using CBT-BN in your locality and if not why not?
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Hypervigilance is a term used to describe those individuals who are excessively attentive to their bodily symptoms and is associated with monitoring bodily sensations for threat. This dysfunctional attentional style has been assumed to maintain and amplify bodily sensations and is seen in the various fear-avoidance models where fearful patients become increasingly vigilant for signals of bodily threat, which in turn leads to avoidance behaviour and increased disability. Several factors are thought to be involved in moderating the attentional demands of pain, the strongest and most consistent effects relate to fear, anxiety, and catastrophizing. Attentional vigilance for pain-threatening information results in a greater chance of detecting potential sources of threat, exacerbating pain, disability, deterioration in physical health, social isolation and work loss. Attentional bias to pain may illustrate a lack of acceptance of having CNMP and may be detrimental to management; acceptance is beneficial in terms of patient functioning.
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THE HISTORY OF THE HARDCOMES
by Thomas Hardy
‘Yes, Tony’s was the very best wedding-randy that ever I was at; and I’ve been at a good many, as you may suppose’—turning to the newly-arrived one—‘having as a church-officer, the privilege to attend all christening, wedding, and funeral parties—such being our Wessex custom.
‘’Twas on a frosty night in Christmas week, and among the folk invited were the said Hardcomes o’ Climmerston—Steve and James—first cousins, both of them small farmers, just entering into business on their own account. With them came, as a matter of course, their intended wives, two young women of the neighbourhood, both very pretty and sprightly maidens, and numbers of friends from Abbot’s-Cernel, and Weatherbury, and Mellstock, and I don’t know where—a regular houseful.
‘The kitchen was cleared of furniture for dancing, and the old folk played at “Put” and “All-fours” in the parlour, though at last they gave that up to join in the dance. The top of the figure was by the large front window of the room, and there were so many couples that the lower part of the figure reached through the door at the back, and into the darkness of the out-house; in fact, you couldn’t see the end of the row at all, and ’twas never known exactly how long that dance was, the lowest couples being lost among the faggots and brushwood in the out-house.
‘When we had danced a few hours, and the crowns of we taller men were swelling into lumps with bumping the beams of the ceiling, the first fiddler laid down his fiddle-bow, and said he should play no more, for he wished to dance. And in another hour the second fiddler laid down his, and said he wanted to dance too; so there was only the third fiddler left, and he was a’ old, veteran man, very weak in the wrist. However, he managed to keep up a faltering tweedle-dee; but there being no chair in the room, and his knees being as weak as his wrists, he was obliged to sit upon as much of the little corner-table as projected beyond the corner-cupboard fixed over it, which was not a very wide seat for a man advanced in years.
‘Among those who danced most continually were the two engaged couples, as was natural to their situation. Each pair was very well matched, and very unlike the other. James Hardcome’s intended was called Emily Darth, and both she and James were gentle, nice-minded, in-door people, fond of a quiet life. Steve and his chosen, named Olive Pawle, were different; they were of a more bustling nature, fond of racketing about and seeing what was going on in the world. The two couples had arranged to get married on the same day, and that not long thence; Tony’s wedding being a sort of stimulant, as is often the case; I’ve noticed it professionally many times.
‘They danced with such a will as only young people in that stage of courtship can dance; and it happened that as the evening wore on James had for his partner Stephen’s plighted one, Olive, at the same time that Stephen was dancing with James’s Emily. It was noticed that in spite o’ the exchange the young men seemed to enjoy the dance no less than before. By and by they were treading another tune in the same changed order as we had noticed earlier, and though at first each one had held the other’s mistress strictly at half-arm’s length, lest there should be shown any objection to too close quarters by the lady’s proper man, as time passed there was a little more closeness between ’em; and presently a little more closeness still.
‘The later it got the more did each of the two cousins dance with the wrong young girl, and the tighter did he hold her to his side as he whirled her round; and, what was very remarkable, neither seemed to mind what the other was doing. The party began to draw towards its end, and I saw no more that night, being one of the first to leave, on account of my morning’s business. But I learnt the rest of it from those that knew.
‘After finishing a particularly warming dance with the changed partners, as I’ve mentioned, the two young men looked at one another, and in a moment or two went out into the porch together.
“James,” says Steve, “what were you thinking of when you were dancing with my Olive?”
“Well,” said James, “perhaps what you were thinking of when you were dancing with my Emily.”
“I was thinking,” said Steve, with some hesitation, “that I wouldn’t mind changing for good and all!”
“It was what I was feeling likewise,” said James.
“I willingly agree to it, if you think we could manage it.”
“So do I. But what would the girls say?”
“’Tis my belief,” said Steve, “that they wouldn’t particularly object. Your Emily clung as close to me as if she already belonged to me, dear girl.”
“And your Olive to me,” says James. “I could feel her heart beating like a clock.”
‘Well, they agreed to put it to the girls when they were all four walking home together. And they did so. When they parted that night the exchange was decided on—all having been done under the hot excitement of that evening’s dancing. Thus it happened that on the following Sunday morning, when the people were sitting in church with mouths wide open to hear the names published as they had expected, there was no small amazement to hear them coupled the wrong way, as it seemed. The congregation whispered, and thought the parson had made a mistake; till they discovered that his reading of the names was verily the true way. As they had decided, so they were married, each one to the other’s original property.
‘Well, the two couples lived on for a year or two ordinarily enough, till the time came when these young people began to grow a little less warm to their respective spouses, as is the rule of married life; and the two cousins wondered more and more in their hearts what had made ’em so mad at the last moment to marry crosswise as they did, when they might have married straight, as was planned by nature, and as they had fallen in love. ’Twas Tony’s party that had done it, plain enough, and they half wished they had never gone there. James, being a quiet, fireside, perusing man, felt at times a wide gap between himself and Olive, his wife, who loved riding and driving and out-door jaunts to a degree; while Steve, who was always knocking about hither and thither, had a very domestic wife, who worked samplers, and made hearthrugs, scarcely ever wished to cross the threshold, and only drove out with him to please him.
‘However, they said very little about this mismating to any of their acquaintances, though sometimes Steve would look at James’s wife and sigh, and James would look at Steve’s wife and do the same. Indeed, at last the two men were frank enough towards each other not to mind mentioning it quietly to themselves, in a long-faced, sorry-smiling, whimsical sort of way, and would shake their heads together over their foolishness in upsetting a well-considered choice on the strength of an hour’s fancy in the whirl and wildness of a dance. Still, they were sensible and honest young fellows enough, and did their best to make shift with their lot as they had arranged it, and not to repine at what could not now be altered or mended.
‘So things remained till one fine summer day they went for their yearly little outing together, as they had made it their custom to do for a long while past. This year they chose Budmouth-Regis as the place to spend their holiday in; and off they went in their best clothes at nine o’clock in the morning.
‘When they had reached Budmouth-Regis they walked two and two along the shore—their new boots going squeakity-squash upon the clammy velvet sands. I can seem to see ’em now! Then they looked at the ships in the harbour; and then went up to the Look-out; and then had dinner at an inn; and then again walked two and two, squeakity-squash, upon the velvet sands. As evening drew on they sat on one of the public seats upon the Esplanade, and listened to the band; and then they said “What shall we do next?”
“Of all things,” said Olive (Mrs. James Hardcome, that is), “I should like to row in the bay! We could listen to the music from the water as well as from here, and have the fun of rowing besides.”
“The very thing; so should I,” says Stephen, his tastes being always like hers.
Here the clerk turned to the curate.
‘But you, sir, know the rest of the strange particulars of that strange evening of their lives better than anybody else, having had much of it from their own lips, which I had not; and perhaps you’ll oblige the gentleman?’
‘Certainly, if it is wished,’ said the curate. And he took up the clerk’s tale:—
* * * * *
‘Stephen’s wife hated the sea, except from land, and couldn’t bear the thought of going into a boat. James, too, disliked the water, and said that for his part he would much sooner stay on and listen to the band in the seat they occupied, though he did not wish to stand in his wife’s way if she desired a row. The end of the discussion was that James and his cousin’s wife Emily agreed to remain where they were sitting and enjoy the music, while they watched the other two hire a boat just beneath, and take their water-excursion of half an hour or so, till they should choose to come back and join the sitters on the Esplanade; when they would all start homeward together.
‘Nothing could have pleased the other two restless ones better than this arrangement; and Emily and James watched them go down to the boatman below and choose one of the little yellow skiffs, and walk carefully out upon the little plank that was laid on trestles to enable them to get alongside the craft. They saw Stephen hand Olive in, and take his seat facing her; when they were settled they waved their hands to the couple watching them, and then Stephen took the pair of sculls and pulled off to the tune beat by the band, she steering through the other boats skimming about, for the sea was as smooth as glass that evening, and pleasure-seekers were rowing everywhere.
“How pretty they look moving on, don’t they?” said Emily to James (as I’ve been assured). “They both enjoy it equally. In everything their likings are the same.”
“That’s true,” said James.
“They would have made a handsome pair if they had married,” said she.
“Yes,” said he. “’Tis a pity we should have parted ’em”
“Don’t talk of that, James,” said she. “For better or for worse we decided to do as we did, and there’s an end of it.”
‘They sat on after that without speaking, side by side, and the band played as before; the people strolled up and down; and Stephen and Olive shrank smaller and smaller as they shot straight out to sea. The two on shore used to relate how they saw Stephen stop rowing a moment, and take off his coat to get at his work better; but James’s wife sat quite still in the stern, holding the tiller-ropes by which she steered the boat. When they had got very small indeed she turned her head to shore.
“She is waving her handkerchief to us,” said Stephen’s wife, who thereupon pulled out her own, and waved it as a return signal.
‘The boat’s course had been a little awry while Mrs. James neglected her steering to wave her handkerchief to her husband and Mrs. Stephen; but now the light skiff went straight onward again, and they could soon see nothing more of the two figures it contained than Olive’s light mantle and Stephen’s white shirt sleeves behind.
‘The two on the shore talked on. “’Twas very curious—our changing partners at Tony Kytes’s wedding,” Emily declared. “Tony was of a fickle nature by all account, and it really seemed as if his character had infected us that night. Which of you two was it that first proposed not to marry as we were engaged?”
“H’m—I can’t remember at this moment,” says James. “We talked it over, you know; and no sooner said than done.”
“’Twas the dancing,” said she. “People get quite crazy sometimes in a dance.”
“They do,” he owned.
“James—do you think they care for one another still?” asks Mrs. Stephen.
James Hardcome mused and admitted that perhaps a little tender feeling might flicker up in their hearts for a moment now and then. “Still, nothing of any account,” he said.
“I sometimes think that Olive is in Steve’s mind a good deal,” murmurs Mrs. Stephen; “particularly when she pleases his fancy by riding past our window at a gallop on one of the draught-horses . . . I never could do anything of that sort; I could never get over my fear of a horse.”
“And I am no horseman, though I pretend to be on her account,” murmured James Hardcome. “But isn’t it almost time for them to turn and sweep round to the shore, as the other boating folk have done? I wonder what Olive means by steering away straight to the horizon like that? She has hardly swerved from a direct line seaward since they started.”
“No doubt they are talking, and don’t think of where they are going,” suggests Stephen’s wife.
“Perhaps so,” said James. “I didn’t know Steve could row like that.”
“O yes,” says she. “He often comes here on business, and generally has a pull round the bay.”
“I can hardly see the boat or them,” says James again; “and it is getting dark.”
The heedless pair afloat now formed a mere speck in the films of the coming night, which thickened apace, till it completely swallowed up their distant shapes. They had disappeared while still following the same straight course away from the world of land-livers, as if they were intending to drop over the sea-edge into space, and never return to earth again.
The two on the shore continued to sit on, punctually abiding by their agreement to remain on the same spot till the others returned. The Esplanade lamps were lit one by one, the bandsmen folded up their stands and departed, the yachts in the bay hung out their riding lights, and the little boats came back to shore one after another, their hirers walking on to the sands by the plank they had climbed to go afloat; but among these Stephen and Olive did not appear.
“What a time they are!” said Emily. “I am getting quite chilly. I did not expect to have to sit so long in the evening air.”
‘Thereupon James Hardcome said that he did not require his overcoat, and insisted on lending it to her.
‘He wrapped it round Emily’s shoulders.
“Thank you, James,” she said. “How cold Olive must be in that thin jacket!”
‘He said he was thinking so too. “Well, they are sure to be quite close at hand by this time, though we can’t see ’em. The boats are not all in yet. Some of the rowers are fond of paddling along the shore to finish out their hour of hiring.”
“Shall we walk by the edge of the water,” said she, “to see if we can discover them?”
‘He assented, reminding her that they must not lose sight of the seat, lest the belated pair should return and miss them, and be vexed that they had not kept the appointment.
‘They walked a sentry beat up and down the sands immediately opposite the seat; and still the others did not come. James Hardcome at last went to the boatman, thinking that after all his wife and cousin might have come in under shadow of the dusk without being perceived, and might have forgotten the appointment at the bench.
“All in?” asked James.
“All but one boat,” said the lessor. “I can’t think where that couple is keeping to. They might run foul of something or other in the dark.”
‘Again Stephen’s wife and Olive’s husband waited, with more and more anxiety. But no little yellow boat returned. Was it possible they could have landed further down the Esplanade?
“It may have been done to escape paying,” said the boat-owner. “But they didn’t look like people who would do that.”
‘James Hardcome knew that he could found no hope on such a reason as that. But now, remembering what had been casually discussed between Steve and himself about their wives from time to time, he admitted for the first time the possibility that their old tenderness had been revived by their face-to-face position more strongly than either had anticipated at starting—the excursion having been so obviously undertaken for the pleasure of the performance only,—and that they had landed at some steps he knew of further down toward the pier, to be longer alone together.
‘Still he disliked to harbour the thought, and would not mention its existence to his companion. He merely said to her, “Let us walk further on.”
‘They did so, and lingered between the boat-stage and the pier till Stephen Hardcome’s wife was uneasy, and was obliged to accept James’s offered arm. Thus the night advanced. Emily was presently so worn out by fatigue that James felt it necessary to conduct her home; there was, too, a remote chance that the truants had landed in the harbour on the other side of the town, or elsewhere, and hastened home in some unexpected way, in the belief that their consorts would not have waited so long.
‘However, he left a direction in the town that a lookout should be kept, though this was arranged privately, the bare possibility of an elopement being enough to make him reticent; and, full of misgivings, the two remaining ones hastened to catch the last train out of Budmouth-Regis; and when they got to Casterbridge drove back to Upper Longpuddle.’
‘Along this very road as we do now,’ remarked the parish clerk.
‘To be sure—along this very road,’ said the curate. ‘However, Stephen and Olive were not at their homes; neither had entered the village since leaving it in the morning. Emily and James Hardcome went to their respective dwellings to snatch a hasty night’s rest, and at daylight the next morning they drove again to Casterbridge and entered the Budmouth train, the line being just opened.
‘Nothing had been heard of the couple there during this brief absence. In the course of a few hours some young men testified to having seen such a man and woman rowing in a frail hired craft, the head of the boat kept straight to sea; they had sat looking in each other’s faces as if they were in a dream, with no consciousness of what they were doing, or whither they were steering. It was not till late that day that more tidings reached James’s ears. The boat had been found drifting bottom upward a long way from land. In the evening the sea rose somewhat, and a cry spread through the town that two bodies were cast ashore in Lullstead Bay, several miles to the eastward. They were brought to Budmouth, and inspection revealed them to be the missing pair. It was said that they had been found tightly locked in each other’s arms, his lips upon hers, their features still wrapt in the same calm and dream-like repose which had been observed in their demeanour as they had glided along.
‘Neither James nor Emily questioned the original motives of the unfortunate man and woman in putting to sea. They were both above suspicion as to intention. Whatever their mutual feelings might have led them on to, underhand behaviour was foreign to the nature of either. Conjecture pictured that they might have fallen into tender reverie while gazing each into a pair of eyes that had formerly flashed for him and her alone, and, unwilling to avow what their mutual sentiments were, they had continued thus, oblivious of time and space, till darkness suddenly overtook them far from land. But nothing was truly known. It had been their destiny to die thus. The two halves, intended by Nature to make the perfect whole, had failed in that result during their lives, though “in their death they were not divided.” Their bodies were brought home, and buried on one day. I remember that, on looking round the churchyard while reading the service, I observed nearly all the parish at their funeral.’
‘It was so, sir,’ said the clerk.
‘The remaining two,’ continued the curate (whose voice had grown husky while relating the lovers’ sad fate), ‘were a more thoughtful and far-seeing, though less romantic, couple than the first. They were now mutually bereft of a companion, and found themselves by this accident in a position to fulfil their destiny according to Nature’s plan and their own original and calmly-formed intention. James Hardcome took Emily to wife in the course of a year and a half; and the marriage proved in every respect a happy one. I solemnized the service, Hardcome having told me, when he came to give notice of the proposed wedding, the story of his first wife’s loss almost word for word as I have told it to you.’
‘And are they living in Longpuddle still?’ asked the new-comer.
‘O no, sir,’ interposed the clerk. ‘James has been dead these dozen years, and his mis’ess about six or seven. They had no children. William Privett used to be their odd man till he died.’
‘Ah—William Privett! He dead too?—dear me!’ said the other. ‘All passed away!’
‘Yes, sir. William was much older than I. He’d ha’ been over eighty if he had lived till now.’
‘There was something very strange about William’s death—very strange indeed!’ sighed a melancholy man in the back of the van. It was the seedsman’s father, who had hitherto kept silence.
‘And what might that have been?’ asked Mr. Lackland.
End of The History Of The Hardcomes by Thomas Hardy
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There is a common belief¹ among marijuana users that smoking induces sleep. Some people even use it precisely to prompt sleep. However, scientific research shows evidence that suggests otherwise.
In fact, research² shows that marijuana causes insomnia. The use of marijuana during adolescence may lead to insomnia that can carry on into young adulthood.
Therefore, while marijuana has been known to relieve pain symptoms, it does not induce sleep but instead contributes to short- and long-term sleep problems, which can be detrimental to your health.
We make it easy for you to participate in a clinical trial for Insomnia, and get access to the latest treatments not yet widely available - and be a part of finding a cure.
There is a wide range of explanations for how marijuana causes insomnia. Among them include the following:
While marijuana is known to relieve anxiety, it also has the opposite effect of inducing anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and psychosis. These opposing effects result from the predominant compounds in marijuana, which have contrasting actions.
THC, one of the primary compounds, causes anxiety, while the other compound, CBD, reduces it. Still, the anxiety effects of THC are dosage-dependent, with certain doses said to reduce anxiety. The interactions between the various compounds in marijuana determine the outcome.
Therefore, if marijuana makes you anxious or paranoid, it is likely that this sense of worry or fear will cause insomnia.
Studies³ show that marijuana reduces rapid eye movement (REM) during sleep. REM represents the deepest stage of sleep in your body; it is the time when you start dreaming.
REM is a vital stage for brain development and memory retention, as the brain stores information acquired during the day and stores it into long-term memory during the REM cycle. If you use marijuana, there is a likelihood that you will only get light sleep and will not achieve this stage.
Reduced REM can even have further health problems for you, including:
A lack of REM will likely cause depression in the long term as sleep inhibitions and insomnia have been shown to increase these symptoms.
The process of memory retention takes place during deep sleep. When your mind is denied this sleep, you will likely experience problems remembering details or events. Spatial memory, which is responsible for learning, may also be adversely affected.
You are at risk of obesity when your body is deprived of REM sleep. The body burns many calories at this stage of sleep due to increased brain activity in the dream state. A lack of this activity during light sleep induced by marijuana usage means that the body will burn fewer calories.
There is a likelihood that you will experience difficulties falling asleep after quitting marijuana. If this happens, you should know that it is a withdrawal symptom and not evidence that marijuana helps you sleep.
You can endure the withdrawal symptoms by doing the following:
Enroll in a detox program that will help you manage the short-term withdrawal effects
Seek the support of others that relate to your struggles by attending group therapy
Stay active by involving yourself in activities that keep your mind off marijuana
If marijuana causes insomnia or sleep disturbance, the most logical thing to do is to quit using it. Stopping marijuana will help you get on a path to recovery, although you may also experience withdrawal symptoms.
If you experience a lack of sleep even after quitting marijuana, you should try the following interventions to induce sleep:
Establish regular sleeping hours. Having a consistent bedtime helps condition your mind to seek rest at the same time each night. Also, avoid naps during the day as this may result in difficulties sleeping at night.
Lying in bed while you are still feeling awake and energetic may result in partial sleep deprivation. In addition to not consuming marijuana, stay off stimulants such as caffeine before going to bed since consuming caffeine can keep you alert.
Ensure that you have a calm environment by keeping the room quiet and dark. Having a TV in your bedroom or a loud clock may only distract your sleep.
Trying out meditation and muscle relaxation activities may reduce anxiety and help you remain calm enough to fall asleep.
Lastly, let go of the worry that you will not fall asleep, which may further exacerbate your situation. Instead, let go of the concern and let things take their course. Chances are you will fall asleep in no time.
Does weed cause insomnia? Despite popular belief in some quarters, the answer is yes.
Scientific studies do reveal that marijuana can cause insomnia. These causes of wakefulness may result from anxiety induced by marijuana or the lack of REM sleep that results from its use. Insomnia may also be part of the withdrawal symptoms that you may experience after quitting marijuana.
Still, insomnia resulting from marijuana use can be managed and eradicated by quitting it altogether and adopting behavioral strategies such as maintaining constant bedtime and a calm environment that favors sleep.
If you are experiencing a challenging time after discontinuing marijuana, you could try taking up group therapy and engaging in activities that stimulate mental involvement to keep your brain off wanting marijuana. If you have tried all these and still suffer from insomnia, you should consult your doctor to help you create a plan tailored to your needs.
Sleep | Harvard T.H. Chan
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Hockey is one of the greatest sports in the world. There are many fundamentals to understand before picking up a stick. If you're new to this sport, check out the following information for a crash course.
Learning how to play hockey well is a great way to learn how to succeed at life. Some of the lessons hockey teaches kids and even adults includes:
- Being gracious in defeat and humble in victory
- Goal setting (and achievement)
If you are a parent, or a coach helping children or young adults learn how to play the game, it’s important to keep these important lessons in mind. Building skills like skating, passing, shooting and stickhandling is a great way to reach all these goals.
Here are seven fundamental areas of the game of hockey which will make for great players, and awesome people.
1. The Ice Surface
Just like how Daniel had to learn to paint a fence and wax a car before he became the Karate Kid, a hockey player needs to know the ice surface before they can become a competent player. Most rinks in North America follow NHL specifications of 200 feet × 85 feet and a corner radius of 28 feet. It’s got Zamboni doors on one end, penalty boxes on one side, and team benches on the opposing side. The boards are about 40-48 inches high, and topped on most of the perimeter (except for in front of the player benches) by panes of glass.
There are several lines separating the zones on the ice surface:
- The center red line, which splits the rink in half
- Blue lines which mark each team’s end, and the neutral zone between the red and blue lines. The blue lines are 25 feet from the centerline, making the neutral zone 50 feet deep.
- The face-off circles, one at centre ice for faceoffs (more on that soon) at the beginning of each game, period and after goals. There are four other face off circles, two in each end to the left, right and in front of the goal nets
- Four face-off dots in the neutral zone for when players are offside (you’ll read about that too) and/or play is stopped in the neutral zone for a penalty
You’ll often see colorful team logos or corporate advertising on the ice. When a player scores three goals, you will often see hats float to the ice from adoring fans.
2. Zones and Creases
You’ve already read about the neutral zone. The defensive zone is the area within the blue line back to the goal and beyond to the end boards, at each end of the rink. Goal nets are 4 feet tall x 6 feet wide (between the goal posts). The crease, (meaning the painted ice area immediately in front of the goal net) is 6 feet in diameter. Players are typically not supposed to enter the crease unless they are forced in by another player. The crease is meant to be a safe place (from players not slapshots) for goalies to play. The area immediately behind the net is called the trapezoid.
The goal lines (which cross the crease and when a puck crosses them, a goal is official) are 64 feet from the blue lines, and 11 feet from the end boards.
3. Player Roles
There are five active players on the ice at any given time, and each team can have as many as twenty players. The NHL allows as many as 23 players on each roster, and 16 players on the bench and ice combined. There are six players on the ice per team at any given time.
- Three forward offensive players, including a Center (who handles faceoffs) and Left Wing and Right Wing players. Offensive forwards play defensively when required. Their responsibility is to get the puck up the ice, deep into the opposing team’s zone.
- Two defensive players, who assist forwards in keeping the puck out of their end during the game, and work to keep the puck in their opponent’s end during the game. If they have a clear shot at the goal, they can take a shot and try to score, though they often move the puck to a forward, who are usually closer to the goal, and more likely to put the puck behind the person in the next bullet.
- The goaltender, otherwise knowns as the goalie, netminder and other fond nicknames. They keep the puck out of the net, using their blocker glove, catching glove, stick, goalie leg pads, mask, chest or any part of the body (hopefully) protected by padding or hard plastic. Common target areas which forwards often snipe for are between a goalie’s legs (known as the 5-hole), as well as at the four corners of the goal net.
Most of these players (except for the goalie) rotate on and off the ice with other sets of players who play similar roles. Each time period on the ice is called a “shift”, which varies in time between about forty seconds and two minutes. Coaches usually delegate when players are on and off the ice.
4. Rules and Penalties
One of the ways hockey generates character is by having a set of rules, and penalizing players who break those rules. The rules forbid actions like the following infractions which generally result in a player sitting in the penalty box for two - four minutes, depending on the severity.
- Tripping a player with your hockey stick by hooking a skate leg with the blade of the stick
- Hooking, which is slowing a player by placing the blade of your stick against an opposing player’s torso or arm.
- High sticking is raising your stick above an opponent’s shoulders and striking their head, neck or shoulder area. If the player gets cut and draws blood the penalty doubles to four minutes. True story.
- Cross checking is when a player holds their stick at the bottom of the shaft and at the knob end, and they push an opposing player to move them off the puck or just to be mean.
- Delay of game, such as purposely flipping the puck over the glass, and into the bleachers during game time. Doing so before a game, to a child or attractive fan doesn’t incur a penalty. That only incurs smiles.
- Fighting with opposing players can carry a penalty anywhere from five minutes to a full game misconduct or more, based on referee and/or a league executive’s discretion.
- Boarding is when a player checks another player from behind into the boards, which can be dangerous and end in concussion or further injury.
Other penalties occur, such as knee on knee contact, too many players on the ice and unsportsmanlike conduct, which don’t happen as often. Some of these penalties incur more severe penalties or suspensions, depending on the level of play, and age of players in the amateur or professional tier of the game.
Penalty shots sometimes are delegated to a player who is unfairly removed from their attempt to score. Penalty shots offer a player a chance to challenge the goalie, one-on-one without interference from other forwards or defensive players. Penalties result in one of the five players outside the net to be removed from play, which often causes an unbalanced ratio of players, known as a power play (five players vs four). Teams that score goals when they have a player in the penalty box get a “shorthanded goal” which is much more impressive. Power play goals happen when the team with more players takes advantage of that situation and buries the puck in the net while the penalized player feels like a complete dummy.
5. Shooting, Stickhandling, Passing and Blocking the Puck
Moving the puck up and down the ice, and keeping it out of the ice takes some skillful stick work, weight transfer and hand-eye co-ordination. Shooting the puck occurs in either a slapshot, wristshot or snapshot. There are many techniques involved in shooting the puck, including building up potential energy in the stick and creating optimum shot velocity. We have many tips from experts and training equipment to help players make great shots at all experience levels. Scoring a goal, as indicated above, is getting the puck into the net behind the goalie.
Stickhandling helps players to move the stick off the ice, while protecting it from opposing players, and creating confusion in a goaltender’s mind as to from which direction the puck will come from, and when the shot will take place. We’ve got many tips and tools for players to build their stickhandling. Passing the puck is how players move the puck to each other, vying to get the best possible angle and proximity to the net to score a goal. We’ve gathered stickhandling and passing tips and gear together to make things convenient.
Goalies need a whole set of specialized skills, practice gear and personality. We’ve gathered training tips and gear together under our Goalie section.
6. Mind, Body and Discipline
Hockey players need a healthy body to play their best game, and they need a sharp hockey mind. You can find some excellent advice and training aids to improve both by clicking on these links. Hockey players need strong muscles to skate quickly and explosively. They need aerobic stamina to perform well on the ice over a longer period. All these senses are important to hockey
- Sight, to see the puck, other players and the net
- Listening, for the whistle, teammates, referees and coaches.
- Smell, to know when a sweaty defenseman is pursuing you on a breakaway
- Touch, for the grip on the stick and the high fives when you score a goal
- Taste, for the hot chocolate, hot dog or other celebratory food or beverage after a great game
7. Coaches and Referees
Taking direction and feedback from coaches, referees, senior players and parents is great practice for working with superiors and elders throughout life. Sometimes you just have to take a knee, swallow your pride and do what the coach tells you to win a game. Good practice for your future career.
Hockeyshot’s goal is to help players at all levels to improve their skills, get more enjoyment from the game, and enhance their mental and physical fitness. Hockey is often called the “fastest game on Earth”. Improving your skills and reflexes for the game takes lots of practice, study and learning from your mistakes. We’ve got some great experts who know how to make improving your skills fun, and awesome gear to practice with.
Think we’ve missed something in our “How to Play Hockey” overview? Let us know on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube or Instagram. We’ve probably got the advice on one of our other channels, or our editor will add it here soon.
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A device is a computer that can be used to access services. Desktop computers, tablets, smart speakers, and smart phones are all considered devices.
A referrer URL is information transmitted to a destination webpage by a web browser, typcally when you click a link to that page. The referrer URL contains the URL of the last webpage the browser visited.
Every device connected to the Internet is assigned a number known as an Internet Protocol (IP) address. The numbers are usually assigned in geographic blocks. An IP address can often be used to identify the location from which a device is connecting to the internet.
This is information that is recorded about users so that it no longer reflects or references an individually-identifiable user.
This is information that you provide which personaly identifies you, such as your name, email, address, or billing information or other data that can be reasonably linked to such information by Google.
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Floor tile is thicker and more durably constructed to withstand use with people, appliances, and furniture, among other things whereas wall tile is often more delicate, smooth, thin, and wet surfaces are much slicker.
The floor tile features additional texture to reduce the likelihood of slipping.
Wall Tile Vs Floor Tile:
What is Wall Tile?
Technically speaking, wall tiles receive a PEI score of 0.
The best name for these tiles would be “wall-only,” as they aren’t very sturdy that can’t be used on flooring.
But they are fantastic options for shower walls and kitchen splashbacks because they are simple to install and simple to clean.
That’s a highly important aspect since you don’t want to waste time wiping grease or oils off your brand-new backsplash.
Ceramic and porcelain wall and floor tiles look the same with the exception that wall tiles are frequently smaller than floor tiles in size.
Wall tile typically tends to be smaller and more lightweight due to its conspicuous nature and the challenge of putting it on a vertical surface.
An 18-inch square floor tile would typically not work on walls because it would appear garish and overwhelming.
What is Floor Tile?
Floor tiles must be quite sturdy and able to withstand wear and tear for obvious reasons.
After all, no one wants their brand-new kitchen floor to crack or degrade after just a few months!
When choosing tiles used on flooring, Porcelain Superstore uses the PEI Rating.
On a scale of 0 to 5, this rate is the “resistance to wear” of tiles.
A tile with a rating of 0 can be used on the wall, while a tile with a rating of 5 is incredibly durable that can be used on very crowded floors.
In a strict sense, any tile with a PEI rating of 1 to 5 is a floor tile that can be used on floors.
Floor Tile that is available to the general public comes in square sizes up to 18 × 18.
Due to the widespread use of super-large format tiling, big sizes are standard.
The only exception is made of mosaic tiles, which are tiny tiles attached to sheets of mesh backing.
On bathroom flooring, traditional 1-inch hexagonal mosaics have been used for a long time.
What is the Difference Between Wall Tile and Floor Tile?
Floor tiles are thicker because they are intended to withstand wear and tear from foot activity as well as carry weight while wall tiles do not need to be load-bearing, they do serve a protective purpose, primarily from water seeping in from the walls.
|Floor tile||Wall tile|
|Floor tiles are made to be pressure-resistant, long-lasting, and resistant to wear and tear.||Although they do not need to withstand as much pressure as tiles, wall tiles are also made to be sturdy.|
|Floor tiles are larger and thicker||Wall tiles are relatively small and lightweight.|
|Different floor tile ratings apply depending on whether they are used in residential spaces or high-traffic commercial sites.||They are intended for locations with relatively little usage, wall tiles typically receive no rating or, at most, a Group 1 rating.|
|Floor tiles can endure pressure, corrosive liquids, and abrasives suitable for usage as wall tiles in locations with considerable traffic.||Due to their lack of load-bearing capabilities, wall tiles are nearly solely utilized for walls.|
|Typically, floor tiles have a higher COF value.||Lower COF wall tiles tend to be more slippery.|
|You can utilize tile on interior flooring as long as it has a COF rating of 0.50 or higher.||A ceramic or porcelain wall tile can have any COF (coefficient of friction) or PEI (Porcelain Enamel Institute) grade. Manufacturers typically refer to these as “wall tiles.”|
|Due to their greater thickness, floor tile has a little more difficult to cut than wall tile.||The water resistance of ceramic and porcelain wall tiles is at par with that of floor tiles.|
|Simple floor tiles are very reasonably priced, costing just $1 per square foot.||While the cost of a square foot of inexpensive basic tile starts at less than $1, the cost of a professional installation of imported designer tiles can easily reach $50.|
|Floor tiles should endure longer than wall tiles.||A well-installed and kept-up tile installation can endure up to 75 years.|
FAQ- Difference Between Wall Tile and Floor Tile:
Q1. Can you use floor tile on a wall?
The COF, WA, and PEI ratings of most wall tiles are low.
This means that they cannot be mounted on the floor.
Check with the manufacturer to determine if the quality tiles you ordered for your living room project fit the requirements for use as flooring.
The weight of floor tiles is too much for ceramic and glass tiles to support.
Q2. Do wall-mounted floor tiles weigh too much?
Although there are no requirements for interior walls, some people advise against using materials that weigh more than 15 lbs. per square foot.
Mechanical fasteners must be used to anchor larger and heavier tiles.
Q3. Is it necessary for the floor tiles to be a different colour from the walls?
Darker floor tiles might give the impression that your area is larger and more exposed.
Yet, you must have light-coloured walls for the combo to work.
Any area can look elegant and larger when dark and light are combined.
To be quite honest, we feel that the traditional way of thinking of tiles as either “walls” or “floors” is a little out of date.
The differences between tiles for the bathroom, kitchen, walls, and floors are getting more and more muddled, making this a truly exciting period for the tile industry.
Wall-only tiles will always have a place in design because of their diminutive size, they have a lot of personality by nature.
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Nagorno-Karabakh: The Ultimate Trivia Destination. Ever thought geopolitics could be your next trivia night topic? Well, buckle up! We’re diving deep into the conflicted region, where history and, yes, trivia collide.
1. Nagorno-Karabakh: A Historical Melting Pot
Nagorno-Karabakh: a name so complex, it’s got the historical influences of Persians, Turks, Russians, Ottomans, and Soviets. After the 1917 Russian Empire collapse, both Azerbaijan and Armenia wanted a piece of this pie. It enjoyed the status of an autonomous region within Azerbaijan during the Soviet era.
2. The 80s Called, They Want Their War Back
As the Soviet Union was busy disintegrating, Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh were declaring independence from Azerbaijan. The result? The First Karabakh War, from 1988 to 1994. A conflict that saw around 30,000 casualties and over a million people displaced.
3. Déjà Vu in 2020
After several decades of clashes, 2020 brought the Second Karabakh War. A 44-day showdown ending with a Russian-brokered peace deal. Because, of course, Russia would be the one to break up the fight.
4. The 2023 Blockade Blues
For nine months in 2023, the region faced a blockade. No food imports, limited humanitarian access, and restricted media coverage. It’s like being grounded, but geopolitically.
5. 2023: The Year of the 24-Hour War
Azerbaijan, in a move that would make even the most ambitious of speedrunners jealous, launched a 24-hour military operation in 2023. Outcome? Full control of the region. Casualties? Over 200 dead and 400 wounded.
6. Exodus: The 2023 Edition
Post-conflict, ethnic Armenians started a mass exodus from Nagorno-Karabakh, fearing persecution and ethnic cleansing. As of Sept. 24, 2023, 120,000 Armenians are set to leave, with 1,050 already in Armenia.
7. Russia: The Meddling Middleman
Russia’s been playing referee in this conflict. They brokered the 2020 peace deal and stationed 2,000 peacekeepers in the region. They did not stop the Sept. 2023 attack or the blockade that preceded it.
We cross-checked our facts about the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict with the most trusted news providers worldwide.
- Reuters: Explainer: Why are 120,000 people about to move from Nagorno-Karabakh?
- Reuters: Armenians start to leave en masse for Armenia
- CNN: Azerbaijan wants to “reintegrate” the breakaway region. What does that mean?
- CNN: Fears of humanitarian crisis in Azerbaijan
- CNN: Humanitarian aid arrives for Armenians in Azerbaijan
- The Guardian: First evacuees cross into Armenia
- POLITICO: Exodus grows as Armenia warns of ‘ethnic cleansing’
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Berries are a red, purple or black fruit that are very popular due to their antioxidant effects against cancer.
raspberry fruit, Also known as mulberry, red berries, Rubus will grow in any soil with high moisture.
This berry also helps in losing weight , acting as an appetite suppressant.
Berries contain a high percentage of vitamin C. The following is the nutritional content of an amount (100 grams) of berries:
- 43 calories.
- 35% of the recommended intake for vitamin C.
- 32% of the RDI for manganese.
- 25% of the recommended amount of vitamin K.
- 8% of the recommended amount of copper.
- 6% of folic acid.
Health benefits of berries
Eating berries can help lower bad cholesterol. Responsible for heart disease, stroke and atherosclerosis.
Rich in antioxidants
Berries contain antioxidants that help keep free radicals in check. They are unstable molecules useful in small quantities .
One study showed that blueberries and blackberries had the highest antioxidant activity of commonly consumed fruits. next to the pomegranate.
Improve blood sugar
Berries may improve blood sugar and insulin levels. Human studies indicate that they may protect your cells from high blood sugar levels .
And berries help increase insulin sensitivity , and reduce blood sugar and insulin response to high-carb meals.
Rich in fiber
Studies show that consuming soluble fiber slows down the movement of food through the digestive tract. This leads to less hunger and an increased feeling of fullness.
more than that, Fiber helps reduce the number of calories you absorb from mixed meals.
One study also found that doubling your fiber intake can cause you to absorb up to 130 fewer calories per day.
Modern lifestyles often lead to excessive and prolonged inflammation due to increased stress. insufficient physical activity, and unhealthy food choices.
This type of chronic inflammation is thought to contribute to conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity.
Studies show that the antioxidants in berries may help reduce inflammation.
It may be good for your skin
Berries may help reduce skin wrinkles. Whereas, ellagic acid appears to be responsible for some of the berries’ skin-related benefits.
Test-tube and animal studies suggest that this antioxidant may protect the skin by blocking the production of enzymes that break down collagen in sun-damaged skin.
Collagen is a protein that is part of the structure of your skin. It allows your skin to stretch and stay firm.
When collagen is damaged, your skin may sag and wrinkles develop.
Maintaining healthy arteries
In addition to lowering cholesterol, Berries provide other benefits for heart health. Including improving arterial function.
Cells that line blood vessels are called endothelial cells. They help control blood pressure , and prevent blood from clotting.
Excessive inflammation can damage these cells. This is referred to as endothelial dysfunction. It is a major risk factor for heart disease .
What is the difference between red, blue and wild berries?
Blueberries are a popular berry that serves as a great source of Vitamin K.
One cup (148 grams) of blueberries provides the following nutrients :
- 84 calories.
- 6 grams of fiber.
- 16% of the recommended amount of vitamin C.
- 24% of the recommended amount of vitamin K.
- 22% of the RDI for manganese.
In addition Blueberries may improve heart health by lowering “bad” LDL cholesterol in the blood.
reduce the risk of a heart attack, improve arterial function, As well as the risk of diabetes.
One cup (123 grams) of blackberries provides:
- 64 calories.
- 8 grams of fiber.
- 36% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin C.
- 8% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin K.
- 36% of the recommended daily intake of manganese.
Berries also contain antioxidant polyphenols , which can help reduce oxidative stress.
Blackberries may be particularly beneficial for heart health. Studies have shown that blackberries can reduce the risk factors for heart disease .
Other studies have shown that blackberries may reduce inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome.
100 grams of cranberries contain the following :
- 43 calories.
- 6 grams of dietary fiber.
- 16% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin C.
12% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin E.
Red berries and fertility
You may be exploring ways to improve your fertility without resorting to fertility drugs.
You may have heard that some types of herbs are reputed to be beneficial for promoting fertility.
If you do not have cases of infertility for financial reasons, Medicinal herbs may be the solution to increase the chances of pregnancy.
One of the best of these ways is Red raspberry tea
Red raspberry leaf has long been prescribed by herbalists to promote uterine health during pregnancy and after childbirth to reduce bleeding.
It has also been used to increase milk supply during lactation in nursing mothers.
The relaxing effect of red raspberry leaf works on the uterine muscles to help prevent early miscarriage and to help premature fetuses attach to the uterine wall.
She adds that the herbal goodness of progesterone in tea can increase levels of the hormone itself.
Raspberry seeds are a source of dietary fiber, essential fatty acids and antioxidants. So it may have some health benefits.
One cup of berries contains 8 grams of fibre. This represents 32 percent of the daily value for this nutrient.
Fiber may help reduce the risk of constipation, cancer, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, and heart disease.
It also helps you feel full for a longer period. This makes it easier to maintain a healthy weight.
Raspberry seeds contain antioxidants called anthocyanins. Which may help reduce the risk of some health problems.
Antioxidants help reduce damage caused by substances called free radicals. Which causes oxidative stress that can damage your cells.
Oxidative stress may increase the risk of diabetes, cataracts, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, and heart disease.
A study published in the Journal of Food Science in April 2004 found that blackberry seeds contain linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.
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Dental / Social Anxiety Disorder Connection
About 4 million adult Americans suffer from SAD during the course of a year. It most often begins in childhood or adolescence, but can begin in adulthood. It is more common in women than in men.
What is Social Anxiety Disorder?
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by excessive, exaggerated unpleasant feelings and worry about everyday life events. People with symptoms of SAD tend to always expect disaster and can’t stop worrying about job security, health, money, relationships, family, work or school. Those who have social anxiety disorder, possess an intense fear of embarrassing themselves. Often their fear is so intense that they go to great lengths to avoid situations that would trigger it.
In people with social anxiety disorder or sometimes referred to as social phobia, the worry often is unrealistic or out of proportion for the situation. Daily life becomes a constant state of uneasiness, fear, worry and dread. Eventually, the anxiety dominates the person’s thinking and begins interfering with daily functioning, including work, school, social activities and relationships.
What Causes Social Anxiety Disorder?
The exact cause of SAD is not fully known, but a number of factors — including genetics, brain chemistry, environmental stresses, infections (viruses, bacterial, fungal), heavy metal toxicity, chemical toxicity appear to contribute to its development.
In a research article published by the Environmental Working Group, 2005, they found on average 287 chemicals present in the blood of new born babies at birth. It is this author’s opinion that further exposure to environmental chemicals plus childhood immunizations pushes the body’s adaptive capacity beyond its limits. The end result is more advanced diseases at younger ages. The mental component is also partially due to the chemical build-up.
- Genetics: Some research suggests that family history plays a part in increasing the likelihood that a person will develop SAD. This means that the tendency to develop SAD may be passed on in families.
- Brain chemistry: SAD has been associated with abnormal levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Neurotransmitters are special chemical messengers that help move information from nerve cell to nerve cell. If the neurotransmitters are out of balance, messages cannot get through the brain properly. This can alter the way the brain reacts in certain situations, leading to anxiety.
- Environmental factors: Trauma and stressful events, such as abuse, the death of a loved one, divorce, changing jobs or schools, may lead to SAD. SAD also may become worse during periods of stress. The use of and withdrawal from addictive substances, including alcohol, caffeine and nicotine, can also worsen anxiety.
- Infections: Infections in the mouth (infected root canal teeth, infections in the jawbone from previously extracted teeth, infections under old fillings, periodontal or gum infections) provide a reservoir of toxic substances, which filter through the lymphatic or drainage system and concentrate within the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland contributes much to the mental health of the patient. Disturbed function can result in depression, anxiety, panic attacks, paranoia, voices in the head and insomnia.
- Heavy metals: Mercury from amalgam dental fillings leaks out 24/7 and gets transported via the lymphatic drainage system to the thyroid. Other heavy metals like aluminum from underarm deordorant, foil, cooking pots and pans and antacids also can concentrate in the thyroid. Lead in lipstick and hair dyes. Arsnic in lettuce and chickens. Cadmium in candy, refined cereals, cigarette smoke, coffee and tea, marijuana, welding materials, soft drinks and processed foods.
- Chemicals: Dioxins: a class of chemical contaminants that are formed during combustion processes such as waste incineration, forest fires, and backyard trash burning, as well as during some industrial processes such as paper pulp bleaching and herbicide manufacturing; PCB’s (Polychloronated Biphenyls): Industrial insulators and lubricants., Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Pollutants from burning gasoline and garbage; Organochlorine pesticides (OCs): DDT, chlordane and other pesticides., Polychlorinated Naphthalenes (PCNs): Wood preservatives, varnishes, machine lubricating oils, waste incineration; and Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs): Active ingredients or breakdown products of Teflon, Scotchgard, fabric and carpet protectors, food wrap coatings; Polybrominated dibenzodioxins and furans: Contaminants in brominated flame retardants. Pollutants and byproducts from plastic production and incineration.
Triggers for social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
The following situations are often stressful for people with social anxiety disorder:
- Meeting new people
- Being the center of attention
- Being watched while doing something
- Making small talk
- Public speaking
- Performing on stage
- Being teased or criticized
- Talking with “important” people or authority figures
- Being called on in class
- Going on a date
- Making phone calls
- Using public bathrooms
- Taking exams.
- Eating or drinking in public
- Speaking up in a meeting
- Attending parties or other social gatherings
Psychological symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD)
- Intense worry for days, weeks, or even months before an upcoming social situation.
- Difficulty concentrating
- An unrealistic view of problems
- Extreme fear of being watched or judged by others, especially people you don’t know.
- Excessive self-consciousness and anxiety in everyday social situations.
- Fear that you’ll act in ways that that will embarrass or humiliate yourself.
- Fear that others will notice that you’re nervous.
- Avoidance of social situations to a degree that limits your activities or disrupts your life.
- Excessive, ongoing worry and tension
Physical symptoms of social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
- Pounding heart or tight chest
- Shaky voice
- Rapid breathing
- Muscle tension
- Sweating or hot flashes
- Trouble falling or staying asleep
- Upset stomach, nausea
- Dry mouth
- Trembling or shaking
- Muscle tension
- Being easily startled
- Dizziness, feeling faint
- The need to go to the bathroom frequently
- Clammy hands
- Restlessness or a feeling of being “edgy”
Medication for social anxiety disorder (social phobia)
Medication is sometimes used to relieve the symptoms of social anxiety, but it’s not a cure for social anxiety disorder or social phobia. If you stop taking medication, your symptoms will probably return full force. Medication is considered most helpful when used in addition to therapy and other self-help techniques that address the root cause of social anxiety disorder.
Three types of medication are used in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (social phobia):
- Beta blockers — Beta blockers are used for relieving performance anxiety. They work by blocking the flow of adrenaline that occurs when you’re anxious. While beta blockers don’t affect the emotional symptoms of anxiety, they can control physical symptoms such as shaking hands or voice, sweating, and rapid heartbeat.
- Antidepressants — Antidepressants can be helpful when social anxiety disorder is severe and debilitating. Three specific antidepressants Paxil, Effexor, and Zoloft have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of social phobia.
- Benzodiazepines — Benzodiazepines are fast-acting anti-anxiety medications. However, they are sedating and addictive, so they are typically prescribed only when other medications for social phobia have not worked.
If you’re suffering from major depression, antidepressant medication may relieve some of your symptoms. Antidepressants aren’t a silver bullet for depression, and they come with their own side effects and dangers. Plus, recent studies have raised questions about their effectiveness.
Learning the facts about antidepressants and weighing the benefits against the risks can help you make an informed and personal decision about whether medication is right for you.
It has been this author’s clinical experience that many mental problems experienced today are the result of chemicals passing through the brain disrupting normal function and also dysfunction of the thyroid due to faulty nutrition and toxins from the oral cavity. Until conventional medicine starts evaluating these causative factors millions of patients will be missed diagnosed and wrongfully treated. The following case is a perfect example of the shortfall of “modern medicine.”
My nutritionist referred me to Dr. Smith. I was diagnosed as having severe social anxiety for my entire life along with depression. I was placed on anti-depressant drugs for years with no success. I also tried conventional therapies for many years with no results. Dr. Smith diagnosed that I had a streptococcal infection in one of my molar teeth. The toxins produced by the strep infection had migrated to my thyroid. Dr. Smith also discovered that the aluminum from my underarm deodorant had migrated into my thyroid. My treatment consisted of stopping the use of deodorant containing aluminum, taking natural vitamin supplements to boost my immune system and use of bio-frequencies to kill the strep infection in my tooth. Within two days of starting this therapy I felt a release of my anxiety. I have been on Dr. Smith’s supplement protocol for a few weeks and have seen a major improvement in my anxiety and mood.
Big tech and mainstream media try to suppress the powerful information I have to share. Subscribe here to stay informed!
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There’s lots of hype surrounding blockchain, but at the root, it’s a simple concept. Instead of one centralized authority having a ledger of transactions, everyone holds the ledger, and when a new transaction happens, everyone’s ledger is updated. Transactions are recorded on the ledger only if both ledgers match exactly. For governments, this can have implications well beyond cryptocurrency.
5 Use Cases for Blockchain in Government
Here are five likely use cases for blockchain technology in government applications.
1. Increased Transparency
Every government consists of its voters and is accountable to them. Blockchain creates a concise “chain of custody” on a document that can be publicly distributed either directly to voters. Or to monitoring agencies and other non-governmental groups. It can be made part of document requests and allow governments to build trust by demonstrating open and clear processes, which are updated in real-time. For example, in Brazil, to counteract corruption, blockchain has been instituted in the bidding process of one state.
2. Improved Document Control
One of the fundamental questions for any government is ensuring documents are properly created, reviewed, distributed, and, if necessary, revised in a timely manner and in the correct way. This can be a challenge for even an efficient and well-staffed bureaucracy. Blockchain creates a method to track a document, from creation right down to issuance, ensuring the proper workflows are followed and sign-off by the correct stakeholders has been achieved. This limits frustration on the part of citizens and workers alike, as demonstrated by Estonia, which uses the technology for sensitive documents and was experimenting with it before the term “blockchain” had been coined.
3. Smarter Contracts
One of the most intriguing tools from the blockchain industry is “smart contracts,” essentially legal contracts that are written in computer code instead of legal code. They’re fully vetted by counsel before being issued, but once issued and signed, they’re implemented automatically. In the Isle of Man, for example, state lottery tickets are smart contracts. Once bought, the money is automatically deducted, the numbers are issued, and if you hit the jackpot, they’re paid out instantly. It’s a simple way to speed up routine contracts and financial arrangements.
4. Tracking Titles And Registrations
One of the most common legal disputes in any country is over who owns a parcel of land, and where that parcel is, precisely. Putting land purchases and other legal documentation into a blockchain system makes it clear who owns what and when they owned it. Some caution needs to be taken when translating paper documents to a blockchain, as by design they can’t be “revised,” but it’s already been shown to be a useful tool for settling disputes and preventing fraud.
5. Improved Cargo Tracking
Smuggling, counterfeiting, and fraud are rising challenges in a world where logos can be copied off the internet and the provenance of everything from seafood to fine art can be forged with the right stamp. Various countries are experimenting with blockchain tools to create chains of custody on products. While these are still in the experimental stages, they’re showing promise in solving a thorny issue in international relations.
Powerful innovation starts as an idea. Launch your IdeaScale community today
IdeaScale is an innovation management solution that inspires people to take action on their ideas. Your community’s ideas can change lives, your business and the world. Connect to the ideas that matter and start co-creating the future.
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Have you ever woken up feeling anxious and disturbed after dreaming about someone drowning? The experience can be terrifying, especially when you’re unsure of what it means. As such, understanding the biblical meaning of someone drowning in a dream is essential in deciphering the message behind the dream.
What does drowning symbolize in the Bible?
Drowning is a powerful symbol in the Bible, and its significance can be understood through various stories and events that are recounted within it. In general, drowning is associated with chaos, fear, and destruction, often representing the consequences of disobedience or sin.
One of the most well-known examples of drowning in the Bible is the story of Noah’s Ark. According to the account, God saw that the people of the world had become exceedingly wicked and corrupt, and decided to send a flood to destroy all living creatures on earth, except for those on the ark. This flood was meant to serve as a symbol of God’s judgment and wrath upon sinful humanity, and the act of drowning served as a reminder of the devastating consequences of disobedience.
Another example of drowning in the Bible can be found in the story of the Israelites’ escape from Egypt. When Pharaoh refused to let the Israelites go, God sent a series of plagues to afflict the Egyptians. Finally, God instructed Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and towards the Red Sea. As they approached the sea, they found themselves trapped between the water and the approaching Egyptian army. However, God intervened once again, parting the waters of the sea so that the Israelites could cross safely, while drowning the pursuing army. This event served as a powerful symbol of God’s protection and deliverance, as well as the ultimate triumph of good over evil.
In both of these stories, drowning serves as a reminder of the consequences of disobedience and the power of God’s judgment. It represents chaos and destruction, but also the possibility of redemption and salvation through faith and obedience. Ultimately, the symbolism of drowning in the Bible is closely tied to themes of sin, judgment, and salvation, and reminds us of the importance of living a life that is pleasing to God.
What Are the Biblical Meanings of Dreams About Drowning?
There could be different interpretations of dreams related to drowning in the Bible, including:
Feeling Overwhelmed by Life Circumstances
Dreams related to drowning are often interpreted biblically as a representation of feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges. In biblical times, water was often used to symbolize the Holy Spirit, which meant that drowning in a dream could represent feelings of suffocation and being trapped by your current spiritual circumstances.
The Bible often uses water as a metaphor for God’s presence and blessings, such as when Jesus tells the woman at the well that he has “living water” for her (John 4:10). However, water can also be a symbol of chaos and destruction, as seen in the story of Noah’s Ark, where God used a flood to destroy the wickedness of the world (Genesis 6-9).
When you dream about drowning, it may suggest that you are feeling overwhelmed by the challenges of life and struggling to keep your head above water. You may feel like you’re drowning in a sea of confusion, fear, or doubt, unable to find your way out of a difficult situation.
However, it’s important to note that not all dreams have a spiritual significance. Sometimes, dreams about drowning could simply be caused by anxiety or stress in your waking life. It’s essential to look at the context of the dream and any other emotions or symbols present to get a better understanding of its meaning.
In conclusion, the biblical meaning of someone drowning in a dream is often interpreted as feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges and struggling to stay afloat. It’s crucial to examine the context of the dream and any other emotions or symbols present to get a more accurate interpretation of its meaning.
Lack of Faith and Trust in God
Dreams about drowning can have various interpretations, including in biblical contexts. According to some interpretations, dreams of drowning can symbolize a lack of faith and trust in God. This could mean that the dreamer is struggling to let go of their fears and anxieties and surrender them to God.
In Christianity, surrendering one’s burdens to God is considered an important aspect of spiritual growth and wellbeing. The Bible teaches that believers should cast all their cares upon God because he cares for them (1 Peter 5:7). Therefore, if someone dreams about drowning, it may suggest that they are having difficulty trusting that God will take care of them in challenging situations.
Alternatively, this dream may also indicate that the dreamer is holding onto negative emotions or thoughts that are causing them to feel overwhelmed and anxious. This could be related to past experiences, current relationships, or personal struggles. In any case, the dream may be trying to encourage the individual to release these burdens and allow God to bring peace and healing.
Need for Spiritual Cleansing
Dreams related to drowning have been interpreted differently based on cultural and spiritual beliefs. From a biblical perspective, drowning in a dream could indicate the need for spiritual cleansing or repentance.
This type of dream may suggest that you are holding onto negative emotions such as guilt, shame, or bitterness, which are preventing you from experiencing God’s grace fully. These emotions may be weighing you down, just like the water that surrounds you in the dream.
In the Bible, water is often associated with purification and cleansing. For example, baptism is seen as a symbol of new life and forgiveness of sins. Therefore, dreaming about drowning can be a sign that you need to cleanse your spirit and ask for God’s forgiveness.
Furthermore, the act of drowning itself may represent a sense of helplessness or lack of control. It could signify that you feel overwhelmed by circumstances in your waking life and need to surrender your fears and anxieties to God. By doing so, you may find peace and comfort in His love and guidance.
In addition, if you are a Christian, this dream may prompt you to examine your faith and relationship with God. It could be a reminder to deepen your spiritual practices, such as prayer, reading the Bible, and attending church.
In conclusion, the biblical meaning of someone drowning in a dream can differ depending on the context of the dream. Drowning can represent fear, chaos, and destruction or God’s judgment upon sinful humanity. Dreams about someone else drowning can reflect our concern for that person and their well-being. Dreaming of saving someone from drowning can represent our desire to be a hero or rescue ourselves from overwhelming situations. Finally, there are steps one can take to prevent recurring dreams of drowning, including identifying triggers, establishing a pre-sleep routine, practicing relaxation techniques, and seeking assistance from a therapist.
Hey there! I am Salena Snyde, a seasoned dream researcher with over 10 years of experience. I am the primary author of the Dream Meanings section on Impeccable Nest, where I not only share in-depth knowledge about the nature, function, and significance of dreams but also connect with readers through profound articles and quality information.
Throughout my research journey, I have spent years meticulously recording and analyzing my personal dream journal. This practice is not just a daily routine but a significant source of inspiration that has enabled me to delve deeper into the soul and the hidden meanings within each dream.
With passion and a diverse knowledge of dreams, I have established strong connections with dream experts worldwide by reading articles and studying leading books on the subject. I believe that the combination of personal insights and sharing from the dream expert community can provide the most profound and comprehensive understanding for everyone.
I hope that through the knowledge I share, you will unlock the hidden meanings behind your dreams and gain a deeper insight into yourself. Let’s explore the intricate and colorful world of dreams together!
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|Home | Articles | Forum | Glossary | Books|
All electronic circuits require a clean and constant voltage DC power supply. However, the energy source available for the system may be a commercial AC supply, a battery pack, or a combination of the two. In some special cases, this energy source may be another DC bus within the system or the universal serial bus (USB) port of a laptop. In a successful total system design exercise, the power supply should not be considered as an afterthought or the final stage of the design process, because it’s the most vital part of a system for reliable performance under worst-case circumstances. Another serious consideration in system design is the total weight and the volume, and this can be very much dependent on the power supply and the power management system. Also, it’s important for design engineers to keep in mind that the power supply design may entail many analog design concepts.
Most power supply design issues are due to resource and component limitations within the power supply and the power management system. Nonideal components-particularly, passives, commercial limitations to allocate sufficient backup energy storage within the battery pack, unexpected surges and transients from the commercial AC supply, and the fast load current transients-can create extreme and unexpected conditions within the system unless the power management system adequately addresses all the possible worst cases at an early design stage. Many product design experts choose to have the power supply and the power management system designed at an early stage with estimated parameters, with the actual system blocks powered from the system power supply.
This approach may help minimize late-stage disasters in a large design project.
In the 1960s and early 1970s, power supplies were linear designs with efficiencies in the range of 30%-50%. With the introduction of switching techniques in the 1980s, this rose to 60%-80%. In the mid-1980s, power densities were about 50 W/in3. With the introduction of resonant converter techniques in the 1990s, this was increased to 100 W/in^3 [1, 2]. When high-speed and power-hungry processors were introduced during the mid-1990s, much attention was focused on transient response, and industry trends were to mix linear and switching systems to obtain the best of both worlds. Low dropout (LDO) regulators were introduced to power noise-sensitive and fast transient loads in many portable products. In the late 1990s, power management and digital control concepts and many advanced approaches were introduced into the power supply and overall power management .
In this section we consider simple fundamentals related to an unregulated DC power supply and simple calculations to select the important components, with simple linear regulator concepts gradually extending to a discussion on LDOs. Because of space constraints, for detailed theoretical aspects and deeper design considerations, the reader is referred to the many useful references cited herein.
2 Simple Unregulated DC Power Supply and Estimating the Essential Component Values
In a DC power supply derived from the commercial AC source we can have two fundamental approaches: (a) transformer isolated and (b) nontransformer isolated.
Transformer-isolated power supplies are safer, but bulky due their line frequency transformer. This was the case for older electronic equipment where size was not a major concern, and still this approach is used in safety-critical applications or where common mode noise (discussed in Section 8) is a serious concern. Classic example in the modern scenario is the high-fidelity music systems. When the regulatory requirements for electrical isolation are covered by the DC-DC converters followed by the unregulated DC power supply, direct rectification and smoothing are used. One common example is the desktop computer power supplies (known as the "silver box"). In these incoming lines, voltage is directly rectified and filtered by a smoothing capacitor rated above the value of peak value of the AC line voltage, which is either 165 VDC (for 120 V, 60 Hz systems) or 325 VDC (for 230 V, 50 Hz). FIG. 1 indicates the concept.
Given the case in FIG. 1(c), if the peak voltage of the waveform of line frequency, f, appearing at the input of the bridge rectifier is Vpeak, the peak-to-peak ripple voltage at the output could be approximated by,…
Considering the capacitor is ideal, and the forward voltage drop for each of diodes is VD, the approximate output DC voltage, VDC, will be, …
These approximate relationships allow us to estimate the approximate design parameters for an unregulated DC power supply, with or without a transformer. In the case of an ideal transformer with a turns ratio of n, and the input AC line RMS voltage is Vrms, … Given the practical situations of path resistances, diode dynamic resistances, the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the smoothing capacitor and the like, and any losses in the transformer, an unregulated DC power supply will have a load regulation curve as per FIG. 2.
3 Linear Regulators
Given the case of FIG. 2, an unregulated DC power supply needs further improvements to make the output DC voltage constant at different load current. Historically, with the availability of semiconductor components such as diodes and transistors, linear regulator techniques were developed to solve this load regulation issue. In the following sections, we discuss the linear regulator techniques in a brief manner to highlight the important considerations in linear regulator designs.
For maximum RMS line voltage
For minimum RMS line voltage
DC Output Voltage
In designing a regulated DC power supply, the designer should consider the output voltage changes due to three important situations: (1) output voltage variations due to load current changes (usually depicted in a load regulation curve), (2) output voltage variations due to input source voltage fluctuations (line regulation curve), and (3) output voltage variations due to temperature variations. To illustrate this let us take a very simple case of a shunt regulator based on a simple zener/avalanche-type diode. In designing a simple power converter of this kind, let us start from some specifications as below:
Unregulated input voltage range: 7 to 9 V DC Regulated output voltage: 5 V Maximum output current: 10 mA Output resistance of the unregulated input source: 10 Ω The most simple solution could be the circuit in FIG. 3 with a single resistor and a zener diode, where the regulated output is available at the terminals of the zener diode.
Given such a simple specification, if we are to develop this circuit from simple and basic calculations based on available commercial components, we can develop this circuit using a zener diode such as BZX84C5V1from ON Semiconductor. If we consider the overall circuit in FIG. 3(a), and the equivalent circuit for the diode in FIG. 3(b), we can design this circuit to achieve the approximate specifications given above. As the maximum load current expected is 10 mA, we can allow the diode to carry about 2 mA under full load situation. The diode we have chosen above has a nominal zener voltage of 5.1 at 5 mA, and the data sheet indicates a resistance of 60 Ω. With reference to FIG. 3(a), we can write the following relationships: [eqn. Not shown]
Based on the design conditions selected in the above paragraph, R1 can be estimated by applying the worst-case condition of lowest source voltage of 7 V and the case of zener diode taking up the whole current of 12 mA (when no load is connected), …giving a close enough E12 range resistor of 82 Ω.
When the input is at the maximum possible value and the circuit is on no-load condition, worst-case zener current occurs. This worst-case zener current is …
This gives a worst-case zener dissipation of (5.1 + 0.060*26)*26 =173mW, which is well within the data sheet limit. Under this condition the output voltage is approximately 5.1 + 0.060 * 26, which is approximately 6.7 V, and under worst-input voltage and maximum load current, output voltage is approximately 5.1 + 0.060 * 2), which is 5.22 V. This clearly shows that the output voltage can vary over a wide range, around an approximate value of nominal 5 V.
Given the variables in FIG. 3(a), using basic circuit theory we can estimate the approximate Thevenin's equivalent circuit parameters of the simple shunt regulator, as shown in FIG. 3(c). We can derive the Thevenin's equivalent circuit parameters as:
From these relationships, we can clearly see that the impact of input source voltage variations can be minimized by keeping the value of zener impedance, rz, much smaller than the value of (Rs + R1), and the same criteria applies to minimization of load regulation.
However, practical limitations of available diodes make these circuits useful only in very low current circuits. Also one major disadvantage of this kind of a circuit is the very high no-load power dissipation.
Based on the same simple example of the shunt regulator, we can develop a relationship for output voltage fluctuations in the form of,... where the coefficient k1 represents the Thevenin resistance, Ro, of the circuit, k2 represents the coefficient representing line regulation, and k3 represents the temperature coefficient of the power supply. If you take the simple example in FIG. 3(a) for a regulated power supply, when the load current is IL, output voltage Vo can be written as...
If the temperature effects on the breakdown voltage can be simplified by …
… where T is the absolute temperature, kT is the temperature coefficient of the zener, related to the nominal zener voltage, Vz,nom, at a specified temperature.....
The above discussion leads us to consider selection of devices with appropriate data sheet parameters to get the best possible specifications. For example, if we can select a diode with low rZ compared to the total input path resistance of (RS + R1), line regulation coefficient, k2, can be minimized.
While the above discussion leads us an example to developing suitable input-output relationships for the regulated power supply, if one requires better output regulation with higher output current capability, more advanced circuit configurations are required. FIG. 4 indicates two examples of more improved shunt regulator circuits.
In FIG. 4(a), R1 and Z1 act the same as in FIG. 3, where R2 and Z2 act as a preregulator.
In effect the preregulator provides a lower source resistance to the pair R1 and Z1. Relationships for this circuit can be developed using approximations applied to Equations (1.5) and (1.6). For example, if the preregulator can be developed with the useful relationships as applied to FIG. 3(a), the second stage sees very approximate Thevenin equivalent circuit with…
In effect this creates a condition where the regulator stage sees a near constant input and with a lower source resistance. If we can select the diode Z1 suitably, we get a more precisely regulated output. More discussion on this kind of circuits is in .
When we need to achieve a higher output current capability, a transistor can be added to the basic circuit in FIG. 3(a), resulting in the case of FIG. 4(b). For this case, when the transistor is kept in the active mode,…
As the load sees the collector and emitter of the transistor, maximum load current is given by
This clearly indicates that it improves the capability by a factor nearly equal to the gain of the transistor.
3.1 Series Regulators
In all the above shunt regulator circuits, when the output current is zero the transistor/ zener dissipates lot of heat, and these circuits are generally used for low current requirements.
In general, series regulator concepts were more attractive to industrial applications and consumer electronics, except for their drawback of low efficiency. FIG. 5(a) depicts a very simple open-loop-type linear regulator. In general, the output regulated voltage V_Out can be approximated by,…
Under maximum load condition, if we need to maintain the zener diode voltage at the breakdown value, with a minimum current of IZ, min, current through resistor R1 under maximum load current will be ...
Given the above simplified analysis, we see that the regulated output has a severe dependency on the value of the VBE and the impact of the base current variations under load conditions. This leads to a case of coefficients in Equation (1.7) given by, … where IS is the saturation current and VZ is the nominal voltage of the Zener diode.
Given the above simplified analysis, we see that the regulated output has a severe dependency on the value of the load current also, in addition to the zener diode's temp performance.
Having discussed the basic behavior of an open-loop series regulator, we can use FIG. 5(b) to illustrate the basic elements of a closed-loop linear regulator, which can minimize some of these issues. Similar to the case in open-loop series regulator, the output is regulated by controlling the voltage drop across the series-pass element, a power transistor biased in the linear region. The control circuit compares the sample of the output voltage with a reference source, and changes the on-resistance of the series-pass power transistor.
If we consider the op-amp to be ideal, and the reference voltage to be constant at Vref, as far as the op-amp could maintain its basic function, Vout can be given by....
Given this simple relationship, we see that the circuit behaves much better than the previous cases of linear regulators, as far as the op-amp, and the reference sources are considered ideal. If a nonideal op amp with an open-loop gain of AOL and input resistance between the inverting and noninverting inputs is Rin, we can develop the following relationship for an output load current of IL as…
The power dissipation in the linear regulator is a function of the difference between the input and the output voltage, output load current, and power consumed by control circuits. The power dissipation in the series pass device contributes largely to lower the efficiency of linear regulators compared to switching regulators. Efficiency of a linear regulator can be approximated by ....
I_control is the current drawn by the control circuits, referred to the input side. This current is sometimes called the ground pin current (particularly in cases such as the three terminal regulators). This indicates to us that the best possible theoretical efficiency in a linear regulator is given by …
The major advantages of linear regulators in comparison with switching regulators are their (a) low noise, (b) transient response to load current fluctuations (output current slew rate), (c) design simplicity, and (d) low cost. However, due to the low efficiency of these circuits they are not attractive to high power requirements with wide differential voltage between the input and output sides. The following sections discuss the specifics of the essential components of a series linear regulator circuit.
3.1.1 Series Pass Device
There are many different options for a series pass device of a linear regulator circuit, either in the form of a discrete design or in the monolithic IC form. TBL1.1 compares the characteristics of these options, as applicable to integrated circuits. In discrete form of circuits, the current capability could be much higher than the values in TBL1.1, but requires large heat sink to keep the series pass device within safe temperature limits.
Two possible circuit configurations are given in FIG. 6.
3.1.2 Control Circuits
The control circuit samples the output voltage through a resistive divider, and uses this feedback signal to control an error amplifier's output to control the resistance of the series pass device. Control circuit characteristics directly affect system bandwidth and the achievable DC regulation. The voltage reference is used for comparison of the output voltage in the control circuit, and primarily governs the steady-state accuracy of the device. The control circuit can be based on an op-amp or a circuit designed with discrete components. This directly governs the output transient response and the stability of the output. More on this will be discussed later. In general the designer should be conscious of the power consumption of the control circuits to get the best efficiency.
Any overcurrent or thermal protection needs to be incorporated into the control circuits, and FIG. 7 indicates a general block diagram.
3.1.3 The Output Capacitor
The bulk capacitance at the output maintains the output during transients. The output capacitor is required in order for the design to meet the specified transient requirements.
As with any control system, the voltage loop has a finite bandwidth and cannot instantaneously respond to a change in load conditions. The supply rail for many of today's microprocessors cannot vary more than ±100 mV while handling load transients of the order of 5 A with 20 ns rise and fall times. This translates to a current slew rate of 250 A/μs.
In order to keep the output voltage within the specified tolerance, sufficient capacitance must be provided to source the increased load current throughout the initial portion of the transient period. During this time, charge is removed from the capacitor, and its voltage decreases until the control loop can catch the error and correct for the increased current demand. The amount of capacitance used must be sufficient to keep the voltage drop within specifications. Design considerations in the selection of the capacitor value are detailed in….
3.1.4 Voltage References
184.108.40.206 Voltage Reference Fundamentals
A wide variety of voltage references are available today. The most common ones are based on the action of either a zener diode or a bandgap cell with additional circuitry included to obtain good temperature stability. Although discrete zener diodes are available in voltage ratings as low as 1.8 V to as high as 200 V, with power-handling capabilities in excess of 100 W, their tolerance and temperature characteristics are unsuitable for many applications. Therefore discrete zener diode based references have additional circuitry to improve performance. One commonly used version is the temperature-compensated zener diode, particularly for voltages above 5 V.
The operation of a bandgap reference is based on specific characteristics of diodes operating at the same current but at different current densities. Bandgap references are available with output voltage ratings of about 1.2 V to 10 V. The principal advantage of these devices is their ability to provide low voltages such as 1.2, 2.5, or 5 V.
However, bandgap references of 5 V and higher tend to have more noise than equivalent zener-based references. This is due to the fact that in bandgap references, higher voltages are obtained by amplification of the 1.2 V bandgap voltage by an internal amplifier.
Their temperature stability is also below that of zener-based references.
In the commercial domain of semiconductors, there are several options today for voltage references such as (a) zener diodes, (b) buried zener diodes, (c) bandgap-based devices, and (d) XFET and FGA. A comprehensive account of these technologies is available.
220.127.116.11 Reverse-Biased Diode-Based Voltage References
The most common and simple way to achieve a reference source is to use a reverse biased diode, or a zener diode as it’s commonly called, where it enters into a voltage breakdown region. A zener diode has two distinctly different breakdown mechanisms:
…zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown. The zener breakdown voltage decreases as the temperature increases creating a negative temperature coefficient (TC). The avalanche breakdown voltage increases with temperature (positive TC). This is illustrated in FIG. 8. The zener effect dominates usually below 5 V, and the avalanche effect dominates above 6 V. By the use of additional diode (in forward-biased mode) in series with an avalanche-type diode, it’s possible to achieve a better temperature stability in a reference circuit.
18.104.22.168 Bandgap References
This is one of the popular solutions to achieve a very stable reference source in a regulator circuit. The concept behind this circuit is to have two base emitter junctions operating at different current densities where temperature compensation can be easily maintained. A circuit diagram of a bandgap reference is shown in FIG. 9. This circuit, developed by Paul Brokaw, is called Brokaw bandgap circuit. Transistors Q1 and Q2 are operating at the same current but at different current densities. This is achieved by fabricating Q2 with a larger emitter area than Q1. Therefore the base-emitter voltages of the two transistors are different.
This difference is dropped across R2. Extrapolated to absolute zero, VBE is equal to 1.205 V, the bandgap voltage of silicon, and has a predictable, negative temperature coefficient of -2 mV/°C. By adding a voltage to VBE that has a positive temperature coefficient, a bandgap reference can, at least theoretically, generate a constant voltage at any temperature.
The base-emitter voltage difference is given by ...
It’s shown that if ratio of the emitter areas of the two transistors is eight, the temperature coefficients of VBE and ΔVBE cancel each other. The op-amp raises the bandgap voltage V2 to a higher voltage at the output of the reference. There are many variations of this basic circuit in commercial bandgap references by Analog Devices Inc., USA, and readers can refer to their application notes for details.
Bandgap references typically provide voltages ranging from 1.2 V to 10 V. The advantage of bandgap references is their ability to provide voltages below 5 V. The greatest appeal of bandgap devices is the ability to function with operating currents from milliamps down to microamps. Commercial IC bandgap references have additional features such as multiple calibrated voltages. Because most bandgap references are constructed in monolithic form, they are relatively inexpensive. However, their temperature coefficient could be sometimes inferior to that of temperature-compensated zener-based references. This is due to second-order dependencies of ΔVBE on temperature.
22.214.171.124 Buried-Zener References
The above two types of common reference sources have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Another development to compete with disadvantages of these types was the buried-zener reference where some process improvements were used to get a lower noise and improved stability. Figures 10(a) and 10(b) depict some comparison of the device structure in relation to a regular zener diode. The device comes with a heating element to stabilize the temperature as shown in the commercial example of LM199 from National Semiconductor. Due to the difference in construction, it has achieved far superior performance, which can be summarized by,
• Very low initial error, between 0.01% and 0.05%
• Ultralow temperature coefficient, from 0.05 to 10 ppm/°C
(c) schematic showing the heating element for temperature stabilization in LM199/299/399.
• Ultralow noise level of less than 10 μV peak to peak, in the frequency band of 0.1 to 10 Hz
• Long-term stability of typically less than 25 ppm/1000 hours More details can be found with historical developments occurring in Silicon Valley, USA. This will also provide more details on other state-of-the-art devices such as the XFET and Intersil/Xicor FGA types. Reference provides some comparison of zener device families and bandgap families commonly available. Section A provides an overview of XFET.
126.96.36.199 Quality Measures of Voltage References
An ideal voltage reference would have the exact specified voltage, and it would not vary with time, temperature, input voltage or load conditions. However, as it’s not possible to fabricate such ideal references, manufacturers provide specifications informing the user of the device's important quality parameters.
188.8.131.52.1 Output Voltage Error
This is the initial untrimmed accuracy of the reference at 25°C at a specified input voltage. This is specified in millivolts or a percentage.
Some references provide pin connections for trimming their initial accuracy with an external potentiometer.
184.108.40.206.2 Temperature Coefficient
The temperature coefficient of a reference is its average change in output voltage as a function of temperature compared with its value at 25°C. This is specified in ppm/°C or mV/°C.
220.127.116.11.3 Line Regulation
This is the change in output voltage for a specified change in input voltage. Usually specified in %/V or μV/V of input change, line regulation is a measure of the reference's ability to handle variations in supply voltage.
18.104.22.168.4 Load Regulation
This is the change in output voltage for a specified change in load current. Specified in μV/mA, %/mA, or ohms of DC output resistance, load regulation includes any self-heating effects due to changes in power dissipation with load current.
22.214.171.124.5 Long-Term Stability
This is the change in the output voltage of a reference as a function of time. Specified in ppm/1000 hrs at a specific temperature, long-term stability is difficult to quantify. As a result, manufacturers usually provide only typical specifications based on device data collected during the characterization process.
Although the above are the most important quality parameters of a voltage reference, noise is particularly of importance in certain applications such as A/D or D/A converters. In such applications, the noise from the reference should be less than 10% of the LSB value of the converter. Therefore the higher the resolution of the converter, the lower should be the noise generated from the reference. Noise depends on the operating current of the reference, and is generally specified over a particular bandwidth and for a particular current. The specified bandwidths are 0.1-10 Hz (low-frequency noise) and 10 Hz-10 kHz (high-frequency noise).
4 Low-Dropout Regulators
As we discussed in section 1.3.1, if we can develop a linear regulator with minimized current consumption in the control circuits, and maintain the difference between the input and output voltages at a very low value, the circuit will be very efficient and will have all the valuable specifications of a linear regulator. Using the approximation in Equation (1.26), if we consider a linear regulator circuit with 5 V input and 3.3 V output, the efficiency will be around 66%. If the input is 3.5 for the same output, the theoretical best efficiency can be close to 94%, which is very much better than the efficiency of common switching regulators.
Based on the simple concept discussed above, to power modern por table devices such as cell phones, notebooks, and PDAs, a unique category of linear regulator ICs, low-dropout (LDO) regulators, have emerged during the last two decades. These were used in tandem with switching regulators to power noise-sensitive mixed-signal circuits, RF circuit blocks, and other noise-sensitive circuits. LDOs are available in a wide variety of output voltages and current capacities. Many LDOs are tailored to applications where a good response to a fast-step current transient is important. These devices have captured a large share of power management ICs in the early part of this decade . This kind of a power supply solution is very helpful in low voltage rail based where load current can change rapidly, creating very high current slew rates .
4.1 Basic Concept of an LDO
The input and output capacitors are the only key components of an LDO solution that are not contained within the monolithic LDO. TBL1.1 compares different options available for the pass transistor in a linear regulator and the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. This is more applicable to modern LDO ICs. In discussing the details and design approaches to LDO-type regulators, let's start from the simple concept of FIG. 12(a). If we consider the case of battery input into an LDO where the voltage fluctuates as the load current varies, or as the battery drains the series resistance increases, it can be shown that to keep the output voltage, Vo, constant,… where VB and RS are battery voltage and the resistance due to the LDO series pass element respectively, while RL represents the load resistance. We can represent the same relationship as…
… where VLDO is the voltage across the series pass element. As depicted in FIG. 12(b), if we have a feedback circuit, the feedback circuit is expected to keep controlling the value of RS when VLDO fluctuates. As shown in TBL1.1, we can use any configuration of transistors as the series element, and in most new commercial LDOs MOS field effect transistors are used. FIG. 12(c) indicates the feedback loop arrangement with an error amplifier, which could be easily implemented by using an op-amp.
The basic PMOS LDO topology shown in FIG. 13(a) comprises an error amplifier that has the output voltage of VX and gain of AEA. The power transistor can be represented using the small signal equivalent model of transconductance gm and output resistance r_op as shown in FIG. 13(b).
According to the above representation in FIG. 13(b), current I can be written as ...
4.2 Important Parameters of LDOs
4.2.1 Dropout Voltage
This is the minimum voltage difference allowed for the series pass element before the regulator goes out of regulation. Usually a PMOS transistor-based version allows very low value and hence a high efficiency.
4.2.2 Input Voltage Range
This is the range of input voltages where the LDO remains in regulation. Lower value depends on the dropout voltage, while the higher end depends on the process capability, the heat sinking requirements, etc.
4.2.3 Regulated Output Voltage Range
This is the range of output voltage when the LDO is in regulation under steady-state conditions.
However, when the output load current changes fast, transient over- or undervoltage conditions may occur, which will exceed these limits for short durations.
FIG. 14(a) indicates the relationship between the input and output voltages, indicating the limits of regulation. FIG. 14(b) indicates the typical performance of an LDO such as TPS76333 from Texas Instruments, indicating the practical behavior of a 3.3 V output LDO.
There are many practically useful specifications defining the LDO characteristics.
These are summarized in TBL.2.
TBL.2 Important Secondary Specifications of LDOs
Specification Description Remarks Output current range Output current handling capability of the LDO Minimum value depends on the stability of the output voltage at low current Maximum value depends on the safe-operating area (SOA) of the series pass device Load/line transient regulation A measure of speed of the LDO when the line voltage or load current fluctuates very fast Usually measured as a margin of allowed variation of the regulated output An important parameter in processor power supplies with high current slew rates Power supply rejection This is the ability of the LDO to reject AC ripple on the input side Short-circuit current limit Current drawn from the power supply when the output is short circuited Lower limit is determined by the maximum regulated output current Upper limit is determined by SOA of the pass transistor Output capacitor range Value of the output capacitance to operate within the stability range Most electrolytic capacitors have wide dependence on the temperature. Stability can be compromised due to this situation There are commercial LDO ICs that can also accept any capacitor value Overshoot At startup or during load current transients, output voltage may overshoot. This should be within a maximum limit
4.3 Application and Design Implications
A common application area of LDOs is the por table products where processors are coupled with many mixed-signal circuitries. In these circumstances two important specifications of a DC power supply become very dominant. These are the output noise and the transient response. Many processors frequently go through sleep and wakeup type sequences where the load currents vary suddenly from very low values to near maximum. These transitions in state-of-the-art products could generate current variations with current slew rates in the range of 10 A/μs to over 250 A/μs. Typical LDO load transient performance for a chip such as TPS763650 from Texas Instruments is shown in FIG. 15(a), while steady-state performance is shown in FIG. 15(b).
In FIG. 15(a), ΔVLDR indicates the steady-state response, which is the same value depicted in FIG. 15(b), but transient changes can always exceed this value as depicted in FIG. 15(a). In a well-designed LDO-based power supply, this transient fluctuation needs to be minimized.
In order to improve on the transient behavior, there are many improvements incorporated into LDO chips. One such example is the use of a fast transient loop in LDOs such as TPS75433 from Texas Instruments for low and high currents.
In the majority of LDOs and quasi-LDOs (where a composite NPN-PNP pair is used as the pass device), the pass device or the driver is a lateral PNP. Even though a PNP is better at providing a lower dropout voltage than an NPN , a lateral PNP is a low-frequency cutoff device with a poor transient response. For this reason, proper selection of the external output capacitor is important for the stability of the loop and adequate transient response. The compensation capacitor determines three key characteristics of an LDO: startup delay, load transient response, and loop stability. The startup time is approximately given by… where C is the value of the output capacitor and I_limit is the current limit of the regulator.
If C is fully discharged before the regulator is powered up, the regulator will limit current during startup, and the time to reach the nominal Vo will be delayed. Conversely, if C is too small, the output voltage will overshoot the nominal Vo during startup. Because it’s impossible to investigate all three characteristics at once, the designer should concentrate on first achieving a s table loop design and then check the startup delay and load transient response. In general if a single pole system can be created, and if the crossover frequency is selected to ensure that the system can quickly respond to load transients without undue ringing at the output, the design will be stable. For stability, the phase margin should be more than 45°. Unfortunately, an LDO has three dominant poles, and two are set by the regulator IC and the third is a function of the load and the output capacitor. The first pole, determined by the error amplifier, generally occurs between 10 and 300 Hz; the second pole, due to the pass device (or the PNP bias device of a compound regulator), is usually between 100 and 300 kHz. The third pole, set by the load and the output capacitor, occurs within the same range as the error amplifier or even slightly lower at light loads. FIG. 16(a) shows the simplified case of a load and output capacitor combination.
It can be shown that the pole and the zero created by the load are given by...
Based on the discussion in section 5, section 5.5, where added poles and zeros change the Bode plot, it’s apparent that the zero due to capacitor ESR modifies the total response of the circuit. FIG. 16(b1) shows the case where the output is marginally s table for ESR = 3.0 Ω. As depicted in Figure 3.16(b2), when the ESR is reduced to 1.0 Ω, the system's phase margin increases and the system becomes stable. When the ESR is lowered further, the system can become unstable, as in FIG. 16(b2). The capacitor used at the output should have some stability within the operational temperature ranges. Figure 5.16 shows typical aluminum electrolytic capacitor characteristics over frequency and temperature.
Based on the discussion related to FIG. 16, it’s important for designers to carefully examine the parameter changes of capacitors over frequency and temperature to achieve a stable design.
4.4 LDO Applications and Development Directions
LDOs have gained popularity with the growth of por table battery-powered devices.
Many circuit blocks in the portables such as cellular phones, cameras, and laptops have many noise-sensitive mixed-signal components, which may not tolerate the RFI/EMI issues of switching regulators. In these circumstances, LDOs or tandem combinations of LDO and switch-mode regulator are the only practical solution, provided that the efficiency issue can be managed. In most por table devices, LDOs are widely used as they occupy a very small PCB area and don’t use any bulky parts such as inductors and the like. LDOs are particularly attractive in systems with noise-sensitive system-on-chip (SoC) applications where battery power is used. LDOs also find applications in automotive environments because of the rapid voltage changes of the 12 V rail during cold startup . Most LDOs are used in powering high-power processors where load current changes in step mode with high current slew rates. Schiff and Rincon-Mora and Allen provide design guidelines to deal with these conditions. With the initiatives to incorporate more commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components into military systems, some companies such as Linear Technology and others have developed high-reliability military plastic (MP) packaged LDOs with reverse voltage protection and current limiting over the full range of military operating temperatures . Some devices such as LT3070 from Linear Technology could supply 5 A of load current at digitally programmable voltages from 0.8 V to 1.8 V with dropout voltages as low as 85 mV are examples of these MP-packaged devices. Details on frequency compensation of LDOs are available. For applications with extra low LDO voltages, ultra-low-dropout (ULDO) linear regulators based on bipolar CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technologies are available.
4.5 Low-Noise Application Requirements and Noise Measurements for LDO Output
Some of the LDO regulators are specially designed for low-noise requirements within cellular handsets and other por table applications, because most switch-mode power supplies are too noisy for these applications. The noise performance of these components sometimes needs to be quantified, and special measurement setups may be necessary.
In this process one should ensure that the LDO meets the system's noise requirement within the entire bandwidth of interest, typically in the range of 10 Hz to 100 kHz.
FIG. 17 indicates a sui table filter structure for testing the noise performance of LDOs in this frequency band. In LDO noise measurement, special consideration should be given to ground loop elimination; hence, all power supplies should be battery based, and thermally responding RMS meters should be used for measurements . General performance verification of LDOs is discussed in Williams and Owen .
FIG. 18 Adjus table LDO circuits: (a) a simple circuit with two resistors to adjust the output;
(b) use of an adju stable reference source for improving accuracy.
4.6 Adjustable Output LDO Circuits
For applications where nonstandard voltages are required, an adju stable LDO is a good choice, but getting the highest accuracy from such an IC may require a few circuit tricks. FIG. 18 shows a few examples, including the use of an adju stable reference for improving accuracy . For applications with hot-swap requirements, LDO ICs can be used with special current limiting arrangements.
4.7 Battery-Powered Applications and PMOS-Based LDOs
For battery-powered applications, PMOS-based LDOs provide accep table solutions. The factors to be considered include dropout voltage, ground current, noise, input voltage, and thermal response. Typical ground current components in an LDO are shown in FIG. 19(a). FIGS. 19(b) and 19(c) show the comparative performance of typical PNP LDOs and PMOS-based LDOs. For details, see Christ. Given the demand from many por table battery-powered applications, there is a considerable research effort on LDOs continuing at universities, and some of these are reflected in References.
References provide practical design guidelines for end users, including some thermal design aspects .
Another serious possibility is to have very high end-to-end efficiency-based supercapacitor enhancements to LDO-based linear regulator systems.
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According to a 2007 report, around one in every five children in the U.S. faces mental disorders. Avoiding a mental health issue can be harmful to a person’s health. You know when you are going through a rough patch in your life, and you can talk about it with your close friends.
However, children do not understand what is unusual and cannot talk about it as freely as adults. It’s the parent’s job to provide a healthy environment for their children.
One must encourage your children to talk about their day in school when they get home. If your child is having trouble in school, they may hint at it in their conversations. The first step to helping your child is listening. Pay attention to their daily routine, and if you think that the problems may involve a deeper issue, you must contact a psychologist.
Psychological therapy is helpful for both adults and children. It is necessary to talk about mental health and resolve all the issues with the help of a professional. Here are a few therapies that may help your child.
If the school has become a place of anxiety and negative feelings, you have to make sure that you help your child out of it. The output of all the negative emotions must be safe. You have to provide your child the opportunity to reflect productively. Art therapy is an applied psychological theory that builds a psychotherapeutic relationship with art and helps the person emote.
Art therapy for children may be a favorable option if your child is artistic. You have to give it a try. If it works for your child, you may get them more sessions per their requirement.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy helps to reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression with the help of psycho-social involvement. Therapists explain to your child how their thoughts affect their behavior. The co-relation of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors helps your child manage them better with the help of a trained professional.
Cognitive behavioral therapy helps patients acquire a more adaptive behavior. Various scheduled activities are there to help the patient. This structured approach includes identifying damaging thoughts, indulging in new skills, setting hopeful goals for self, and problem-solving skills.
Play therapy, as it sounds, is also effective for children. Since children do not understand emotions and their reactions, the therapist uses games and visual analogies to help them understand their feelings and how they work.
A few known techniques in play therapy are balloons of anger, the mad game, beat the clock, relaxation training, worry can, and more. An article published in 2002 titled “Fifteen Effective Play Therapy Techniques.” contains fifteen techniques that help the therapist connect with the child.
Consult a psychologist. You may schedule a few sessions if they think play therapy will help your child.
Animals have a very calming and playful aura. Being around animals can help you connect with your fun and puckish side. The therapeutic effects of being around animals are proven, and these therapies have helped people with various mental health disorders to commit to life.
People who like pets can gain positive and therapeutic effects from animal therapy. Children have a special connection with pets. If you bring a dog home, your kid will treat it like a friend and instantly feel better about their day. Pets like cats, dogs, goats, and horses are part of a therapeutic experience that promises results.
Nature mends souls. Nature Therapy is beneficial for the whole family. Many times, families go on vacations to connect strongly. Sometimes the frustration and anger in a child can be due to the routine they are following.
Taking the whole family on an adventurous trip may offer your child an experience away from routine. Repeating the same tasks every day can bore and mentally tire a person. Therefore, escaping the cycle and letting it go once in a while can be very healthy for children.
Sometimes kids struggle because they think they are the only ones going through all the trouble. Children need to understand that they are not the only ones who have issues in school. They may feel better about themselves if they sit and talk to other children who face similar challenges.
Meeting someone, you can relate to can be refreshing, even for adults. You can talk to the parents about the challenges that they face.
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Patients with a high number of genes most associated with pathways that lead to cell death in lung cancer, are at increased risk of dying early from their disease, researchers report.
Also seemingly paradoxically, patients with high expression of this “21-gene cell death signature” the researchers have identified, have indicators that their immune system is attacking the cancer, like higher levels of cytotoxic T cells, which typically kill cancer.
But they also have high levels of molecules that can suppress those T cells, helping transform them into dysfunctional, “exhausted” T cells, they report in the journal Cancers.
This novel genomic signature can be used both to better predict how a patient with lung cancer will do and, more importantly, to better tailor treatments to improve patient survival, says Dr. Ravindra Kolhe, director of the Georgia Esoteric and Molecular (GEM) Laboratory, and vice chair for translational research in the Medical College of Georgia Department of Pathology.
“Immunotherapy is a great approach to treatment but it’s not going to be effective in everyone, and we think this will help identify at the point of diagnosis which immunotherapy will benefit a patient the most,” says Kolhe, the study’s corresponding author.
For example, cancer cells use immune checkpoints, like the protein PD-L1, which normally protects our own cells from being attacked by the immune system, to shield themselves from T cells. The study found a compromised immune function in the tumor microenvironment of patients with the highest cell death index. That means those patients should benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors like PD-L1, to better enable the immune system to attack their cancer, Kolhe says.
To find a way to improve patient survival, they started by looking at how cells die in this cancer.
Millions of cells die daily and the ways they die include so-called programmed cell death, including apoptosis, in which cells commit suicide because, for example, they have a mutation that cannot be repaired that might cause cancer; and autophagy, where cells basically consume themselves, because of a problem like a malfunctioning component. The more passive, unplanned death is necrosis, where cells might die because of injury. The immune system naturally works through these genes and pathways to kill off invaders and so do cancer treatments like chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
They looked at retrospective data on 510 patients with lung cancer from the national Cancer Genome Atlas, a joint effort of the National Cancer Institute and National Human Genome Research Institute. Genes involved in the different modes of cell death in these patients were assessed, and the researchers found 21 genes occurred most often. They identified 59 individuals with the highest expression and 49 with the lowest expression of these most prominent cell death genes. They also looked at key indicators of immune system activity and compared overall survival, disease-free survival and disease-specific survival in those two groups.
While a prospective study is still needed, Kolhe hopes the cell death index that emerged, will soon give patients with lung cancer, at the time of their diagnosis, the same benefits that good prognostic markers today provide patients with breast cancer.
Lung cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States and the leading cause of cancer death among men and women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The Food and Drug Administration approved the first lung cancer specific immunotherapy in 2015 and more are currently in clinical trials. Standard lung cancer treatment has included surgery, chemotherapy and radiation with immunotherapy a more recent adjunct, that has helped patients with advanced lung cancer live longer, according to the Cancer Research Institute.
In their early assessment of patients, molecular and genetic pathologists like Kolhe also routinely run a panel for a handful of genes known to drive lung cancer, like EGFR, a protein on the cell surface that normally helps cells grow and divide. In the most common lung cancer type, non-small cell lung cancer, which Kolhe looked at in this study, there can be mutations in EGFR which result, for example, in a lot more of the protein which enables rapid cancer cell growth, and there are inhibitors that block some of these mutations at least for a time.
Read the full study.
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What is one of the strangest inventions to come out of the 20th century?
We know that fresh air is good for you although not everyone has access to it.
What happens if you live in a high rise and you’ve got a baby to look after? You’ve got no garden, getting out isn’t easy and besides, you just want to open the window.
No problem, just get yourself a baby cage!
Yes, that’s right, a cage to put your baby in, one that dangles over the edge of the window. These were basically outdoor sleeping compartments readily attached to any window.
This was something that folks used to do in the 1930s – today it would involve social services, child protection and the Police.
These frightening home accessories were roughly the size of an window air conditioning unit and designed to allow city children in tall buildings to get their recommended dose of fresh air and sunshine.
Take a look at one in this video clip:
So where did the idea come from?
Fresh air is required to renew and purify the blood, and this is just as necessary for health and growth as proper food,
Photos: Getty Images
These baby cages were out of fashion by the 1960s and there hasn’t been resurgence since.
Where are we now? Well, in the COVID-19 dystopia we are all caught up in we are told to ventilate and get fresh air circulating. Not easy if you are self-isolating or in lockdown cooped up in a high rise.
Perhaps these baby cages could catch on again. They look very unsafe but apparently there were no fatalities.
Our understanding of children’s risk has certainly changed! We just need to convince health and safety.
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What are some of the things one should have in mind (kavanah) when saying Ana B'Khoach?
While saying this paragraph [Ana Bechoach], one should look at - or envisage - the Sheimos (Divine Names) formed by the acronyms of its words, but one should not pronounce them.
- The 42 words represent the 42 letters of the Ve'Ahavta (paragraph from Shema Deuteronomy 6:5-9).
- The 42 words can be divided up into seven lines of six words each, and each letter from the six words can be combined into the end of each of the six to make a seventh "word" for each line making the title 49, and these 49 represent each day of Sefirat ha-Omer, as well as the 49 words that are in Psalm 67.
During Sefiras HaOmer Ana Bekoach is used to connect to each day.
There are 7 words on each line of Ana Bekoach including the acronym that is one of the names of Hashem. Each one matches up with one of the 7 lower sefiros Chesed, Gevurah, Tiferes, Netzach, Hod, Yesod, Malchus.
During Sefiras HaOmer at least amongst Chassidim and Sephardim, a person connects each Sefirah to one of the words
Example Ana is Chesed S'B'Chesed and so on.
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Challenging ‘The Order of Things’: a call to arms in Karen Knorr’s Academies.
Established in 1768, the Royal Academy of Arts aimed to elevate the status of the artist. Instead of teaching practical skills to the commercial artist, the Royal Academy encouraged its students to create works of high moral and artistic worth. The monkey perched before the easel in Karen Knorr’s ‘Painting after Nature,’ photographed in the Life Class Room of the Academy, can be seen as an example of a civilised post-Darwinian gentleman engaged in a refined and educated endeavour. Yet traditionally the monkey is known for its ability to ‘ape’ or imitate reality. In photographing the monkey, Knorr draws upon a nineteenth century trope of the photographer as an organ-grinding monkey who cranks a handle to generate a tune. Photography was satirised as an unskilled and repetitive endeavour that could be performed without thought, even by a mindless monkey.Comparisons were also drawn between the artist and the monkey: both were able to copy without thought, but neither were believed capable of creating an original art work. Such beliefs are compounded by the teaching methods employed within the Royal Academy. The importance of copying old master paintings was stressed to students, alongside drawing from casts of Antique sculpture, examples of which are documented by Knorr in ‘The Order of Things.’ Knorr inserts her own naked body into the space of the Royal Academy, mimicking the pose of Manet’s 1863 painting ‘Olympia’ and using the same title to make her quotation explicit. The ruse of Manet’s motif suggests a criticism of such teaching based on the duplication of copies, indicating how academic training of this kind may result in a lack of creative originality.
In composing her portrait in the Life Class Room, Knorr draws attention to the contentious practice of life drawing within nineteenth century art institutions. Whilst studying the human body was considered vital to academic training, the naked body was often cited as possessing the ability to morally corrupt students. Consequently, male students had to slavishly copy engravings and anatomical figures before they were permitted entry into the life class; women, in their brief two year admittance to the Academy, were forbidden from witnessing the naked form. The brutal castration of the sinewy male figure in ‘The Order of Things’ testifies to the conservative values of the time. Defiantly confronting the viewer’s gaze, Knorr’s ‘Olympia’ disrupts the academic institution in which she is located on several levels: as a woman, Knorr trespasses into the exclusively male domain of the Life Class Room; as a photographer she intrudes into the sanctuary of the ‘creative’ artist; and in her nakedness she confronts a taboo of conservative Victorian society.
The viewer must therefore consider how far society has since evolved, or alternatively, contemplate the possibility that the values represented by the Academy still persist today. Issues of preservation permeate Knorr’s images. As photographs they fulfil the desire in man, identified by André Bazin, to “preserve, artificially, his bodily appearance […] to snatch it from the flow of time, to stow it away neatly, so to speak, in the hold of life.” In photographing statuary and taxidermised animals, stuffed and preserved after death, Knorr also documents attempts by others to fix the corporeality of the body. The Wallace Collection, in which several of Knorr’s photographs are set, is similarly preserved within a specific moment of time. Amassed by generations of Marquises and Lords, the collection of art works and artefacts was bequeathed to the British nation in 1897. The bequest dictated that no item was to ever leave the collection, even for temporary exhibition, and that no new works were to be added. The Wallace collection remains hermetically sealed and impervious to change, embalmed within the moment of its donation, a relic from the end of the nineteenth century that registers as anachronistic to a modern day audience.
The animals that appear to wander through the rooms of the Wallace collection exist, much like the museum itself, in a space suspended between life and death. A monkey and parrot resting on the back of a wolf in ‘High Art Life After the Deluge’ are artificially kept in the hold of life: as taxidermised animals they are irrevocably deceased but appear at their most animate in the photograph. Freud discussed this uncertainty over an object’s status as alive or inanimate in terms of the uncanny. Yet the uncanny element of Knorr’s photographs is not located in the potential animation of the dead animals; rather it concerns the value systems preserved in the patriarchal and aristocratic spaces she photographs. Freud stated that uncanny experiences can be prompted “when primitive beliefs which have been surmounted seem once more to be confirmed.” The uncanny makes itself felt in Knorr’s images through a realisation that the antiquated values embodied by institutions such as the Royal Academy and the Wallace Collection, values which should have been relegated to the past, still linger over the production and reception of art today.
The title ‘High Art Life After the Deluge’ offers a clue to interpreting Knorr’s photographs. The flood metaphor, with its biblical allusions, threatens a destruction of old values in order to make way for a new culture. The satire that runs throughout Academies suggests that we should look towards a renaissance in culture that will finally allow outdated beliefs to be relegated to the storerooms of the past, alongside the ornate gilded frames and antique sculpture casts.
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Both the Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act and the Working Environment Act prohibit harassment.
The overview on this page gives examples of legislation that addresses the working environment, bullying and various types of harassment, with a special focus on sexual harassment.
Reporting and dealing with sexual harassment
Sexual harassment is a difficult concept with regard to the law, ethics and as a research topic. In addition, there is good reason to assume that case law does not reflect the extent of the harassment that occurs.
The Equality and Anti-Discrimination Ombudsman (LDO) is a driving force for equality and against discrimination, and can give advice and guidance in cases of sexual harassment. In addition to this, LDO is responsible for follow-up on the activity and reporting duty.
LDO has together with, among others, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Committee for Gender Balance and Diversity in Research advertised for a low-threshold option for processing sexual harassment cases. Up until January 2020, only the court could process cases of sexual harassment, which might have made the threshold too high to report cases. After a change in the Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act, the Norwegian Equality and Anti-Discrimination Tribunal have the authority to process cases of sexual harassment, as a low-threshold option. Victims of sexual harassment can choose to report to the Norwegian Equality and Anti-Discrimination Tribunal instead of taking their case to the court.
In the Working Environment Act, there are several aspects relating to sexual harassment and discrimination. The Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority supervises compliance with the provisions of and pursuant to the Working Environment Act.
Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act
Act relating to equality and a prohibition against discrimination (Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act)
The act was amended to include a prohibition against sexual harassment in 2002.
Section 13. Prohibition against harassment
Harassment and sexual harassment are prohibited.
“Harassment” means acts, omissions or statements that have the purpose or effect of being offensive, frightening, hostile, degrading or humiliating.
“Sexual harassment” means any form of unwanted sexual attention that has the purpose or effect of being offensive, frightening, hostile, degrading, humiliating or troublesome.
Employers and managers of organisations and educational institutions shall prevent and stop harassment and sexual harassment in their area of responsibility.
Read the Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act
The Working Environment Act
Act relating to working environment, working hours and employment protection, etc. (Working Environment Act)
Section 4-1. General requirements regarding the working environment
Section 4-3. Requirements regarding the psychosocial working environment
(3) Employees shall not be subjected to harassment or other improper conduct.
Section 2-3. Employees’ duty to cooperate
(2) Employees shall:
d) ensure that the employer or the safety representative is notified as soon as employees become aware of harassment or discrimination at the workplace.
Section 13-1. Prohibition against discrimination
(1) Direct and indirect discrimination on the basis of political views, membership of a trade union, or age is prohibited.
(2) Harassment and instruction to discriminate persons for reasons referred to in the first paragraph are regarded as discrimination.
Read the Working Environment Act
The University and University Colleges Act
Act relating to universities and university colleges (University and University Colleges Act)
Section 4-3. Learning environment
(1) The board has the overall responsibility for the students' learning environment. In cooperation with student welfare organizations, the board must seek to provide suitable conditions for a good study environment and to enhance student welfare at the educational institution. The board must within its area of responsibility work to prevent and stop harassment and sexual harassment, cf. section 13 of the Equality and Anti-Discrimination Act.
The Penal Code
Section 185. Hate speech
Section 291. Sexual assault
Section 295. Abuse of unequal power relationship, etc.
Section 298.Sexually offensive conduct in public or without consent
Read The Penal Code
Read more about what employers can do to preclude and prevent harassment: Employer's duty.
Read news articles about sexual harassment.
See the link to the various laws and relevant actors:
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Where Did the Celts Come From?
Originally published November 2002.
Where Did the Celts Come From?
Long, long ago beyond the misty space
Of twice a thousand years,
In Erin old there dwelt a mighty race,
Taller than Roman spears;
Like oaks and towers they had a giant grace, Were fleet as deers
With winds and waves they made their ‘biding place,
These western shepherd seers.
Their ocean-god was Manannan Mac Lir,
Whose angry lips,
In their white foam, full often would inter
Whole fleets of ships;
Crom was their day-god, and their thunderer,
Made morning and eclipse;
Bride was their queen of song, and unto her
They prayed with fire-torched lips.
Oh, inspired giant! shall we e’er behold,
In our own time,
One fit to speak your spirit on the wold,
Or seize yoru rhyme?
One pupil of the past, as mighty souled
As in the prime,
Were the fond, fair, and beautiful and bold-
They, of your song sublime!
The Celts, D’Arcy McGee, 17th Century Irish Poet.
The Irish assert that the first inhabitants of Ireland were direct descendants of Noah, through his granddaughter Cesair. There is a very interesting account of the original/ancient settlers here: https://www.odyssy.net/users/erica/wicca/irish.htm. There are stories of the Milesians being direct descendants of Noah as well.
Many scholars have dismissed this as a later addition of Christianity, the explanation being that the Christians were just trying to find a “place” for the “wild” Celts. I mean, they had to come from somewhere. And if, in the past, everyone in the world was wiped out by a universal flood, save one lone man and his family (Noah and the Ark) then the people who are on the earth now MUST be descended from Noah himself.
The reason Scholars have written off this myth as an invention is that there is no scientific evidence for a universal flood, and therefore, no Noah. Thomas Cahill, in his book “How the Irish Saved Civilization”, states “In the Irish foundation myth, the sons of Mil, survivors of the Great Flood through their descendant from Noah, reach Ireland from Spain and wrest it from a tribe called Tuatha De Danaan, the People of the Goddess Danu. The connection to Noah can only be the result of later monkish tinkering with the original material-somehow, the Irish had to be connected to things Biblical.”
With the wonderful technologies available to us today, scientists have determined that there really was no Great Flood that covered the whole earth. However, interestingly enough they have been able to determine that there was a flood of massive proportions around the Black Sea. I would highly suggest reading Noah’s Flood: The New Scientific Discoveries About the Event That Changed History by Walter Pitmen & William F. Ryan.
The main idea is that there was a (relatively) highly developed society of people living around the banks of a lake chain (lakes connected by tributaries or rivers). Then, as the glaciers melted, the highest lake (land wise) filled to the point of overflowing. At one point the land dam protecting everything from the rising waters, burst and sent in a great flood filling the area to roughly the point it is at today-the Black Sea. These small lakes were now deep at the bottom of a great new sea.
This flood happened in such a way that the people living around the lakes would have had some initial indication that something was happening. At first there would have been a trickle of overflow, enough that the water would have shrunk the coastline visibly in the space of a few months. This would have given the “smart ones” time to form a plan. Time to figure out how to deal with what was going on. And also time to make appeals to the Gods for supplication. When the land dam burst the flood would have been fast enough to engulf any of the slow or weak who were left behind.
The ones that survived would no doubt have considered themselves blessed by the Gods. These people were now forced to find another place to live. They migrated. Some stopped in Mesopotamia, becoming the amazingly advanced civilization of Sumeria. Some migrated to Egypt and established great cities and kingdoms. And some traveled and ended up in Europe and finally Ireland and Scotland-the Celts.
Some of the evidence cited as proof of this migration:
- Core samples of the bottom of the Black Sea.
- Linguistic patterns, tracing their origins.
- The sudden “appearance” of advanced peoples in history. There seems to be no origin for these peoples, but they all appear at roughly the same time, just after the Black Sea flood.
Interestingly enough, mythology itself can lend some credence to this story. For example, the Babylonian story of Gilgamesh says that Gilgamesh went to se Utnapishtim, the wisest and oldest man on earth. Utnapishtim was the favorite of the God Enlil and Enlil saved Utnapishtim from the Great Flood. Gilgamesh has come looking for the Tree of Life so that he can gain immortality, but Utnapishtim tells Gilgamesh that he cannot get to the tree because it is under the water of the Black Sea. It is clear here that the dry land upon which the tree grew was now under the very water scientists claim is the result of the flood.
There is also the Celtic myth that states that Cesair was refused a spot in the Ark by Noah so she and her company were instructed by their god to set sail, which they did, and eventually landed in Ireland. This, if it is to be believed, would confirm several things: that other people survived the flood, that the flood would have to have been universal as in the Biblical account (which is not scientific) or it would have to have occurred created a waterway that was connected to Ireland.
Or the Aymara flood myth, from Bolivia. Kun, the snow god, grew angry at the humans and punished them by covering all of creation with snow and ice. (Sounds like glaciers to me.) After this, when all had perished, the gods of fertility sent their sons, the Eagle Men, to create new people, who were called the Paka-Jakes, who still live near Lake Titicaca.
There is certainly enough evidence to suggest, much more than I can cover here, that a complete dismissal of the Irish connection to Noah would be short-sighted, at best.
For more information about the Tuatha De click here:
For more information about the Noah myths click here:
How the Irish Saved Civilization, by Thomas Cahill
Noah’s Flood: The New Scientific Discoveries About the Event That Changed History by Walter Pitmen & William F. Ryan
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Trading Post, Kansas, the first permanent white settlement in Linn County and one of the first in the state is situated on the Marais des Cygnes River. Though filled with history, the community is a ghost town today.
In 1825, Cyprian Chouteau, a trader from Missouri, received a license to trade with certain Indian tribes west of the Missouri River. He immediately established a trading post near the river and did extensive trade with the natives. As there were no roads then, his goods were transported through the woods on the backs of pack horses. The place was then called the Chouteau Trading Post.
Soon after Kansas Territory was organized, several pro-slavery men from Missouri settled near the trading post, which became their headquarters and the rendezvous point of a number of the border ruffians. The leader of the pro-slavery party was Charles A. Hamilton. A store was the only business in the settlement, and when a post office was established on September 2, 1857, the settlement was called Blooming Grove. The same year, a flour mill was erected, and in 1858, Dr. Massey and a man named White opened a second store near the bridge. Religious services were held outdoors.
When the Missourians warned the Free-State settlers to leave the county, Colonel James Montgomery raided Trading Post to break up Hamilton’s headquarters. They did not kill or harm anyone but poured out all the whiskey found in the store and warned the pro-slavery settlers to leave, saying that there was no room for both in the county. As a result of this raid, Hamilton led the party that committed the Marais des Cygnes Massacre on the morning of May 19, 1858. At this time, Hamilton and some 30 other men rode through the village, captured 11 free-state men, and marched them into a deep ravine where they opened fire upon them. Five men were killed, five were seriously injured, and one escaped unharmed.
The community quickly came together and tried to render aid after finding the victims. As word spread, Montgomery’s Jayhawkers pursued Hamilton to no avail. A few weeks after the massacre, John Brown arrived and built a two-story log fort, about 14 x 18 feet, which he occupied with a few men through the summer. In December, he raided into Missouri, where 11 slaves were liberated, and one man was killed.
The land was later sold to Brown’s friend Charles C. Hadsall, who agreed to let Brown occupy it for military purposes. Brown and his men withdrew at the end of the summer, leaving the fort to Hadsall, who later built a stone house adjoining the site of Brown’s fort.
In October 1865, a townsite was platted just east of the site of the old trading post by the Montgomery Town Company. However, it was not successful and was soon abandoned.
The following year, another townsite was laid out by Dr. Massey and George A. Crawford. A two-story frame schoolhouse was built by the Masons in 1865. The 1857 grist mill was purchased and improved by J. & A. Brockett. A sawmill was attached to the two-and-a-half-story mill powered by water and steam. The town’s name and the post office were changed to Trading Post on June 22, 1880. At that time, the community boasted three general stores, a drug store, two blacksmith shops, an agricultural implement dealer, and about 100 residents.
Trading Post continued to flourish through the early 20th century. However, its post office closed on August 30, 1902, when it received its mail from Boicourt. In 1910, it still had a population of 146 and several stores. However, in the following years, it would continue to decline.
The Marais des Cygnes Massacres site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and as a National Historic Landmark in 1974. In 1888, a monument honoring Marais des Cygnes Massacre victims was erected.
The Trading Post museum complex, located beside the cemetery, houses many exhibits, from the Osage Indians to the growth and decline of the town.
Trading Post is located about six miles north of Pleasanton.
Blackmar, Frank W.; Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Standard Publishing Company, 1912.
Cutler, William G.; Kansas: History of the State of Kansas, 1883.
Kansas Historical Society
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Why are shipping containers used in architecture?
Shipping containers are designed to be stacked in high columns, carrying heavy loads. … This simplifies design, planning and transport. As they are already designed to interlock for ease of mobility during transportation, structural construction is completed by simply emplacing them.
What is a building container?
A shipping container house is any dwelling made from a shipping container, but the resulting structures can be quite diverse. … In homes with multiple containers, walls are often removed to create more spacious interiors, and traditional construction methods add exterior materials and additional rooms.
What is containers and its types?
Ocean Freight Containers
|Container Type||Internal Dimensions (L x W x H)||Cargo Weight|
|20FT General||5.89 x 2.35 x 2.36m||21,700kgs|
|20FT High Cube||5.89 x 2.35 x 2.69m||21,700kgs|
|40FT General||12.05 x 2.35 x 2.36m||26500kgs|
|40FT High Cube||12.05 x 2.35 x 2.69m||26500kgs|
What is the structure of a shipping container?
Shipping/Cargo containers are built to be very sturdy. A steel frame is welded together, corrugated Corten steel is placed on the outside of the frame providing an exterior that can withstand everything thrown at it; wood flooring is then treated and bolted down inside.
Who invented the container houses?
A 1977 architectural report looked at the possibilities of using containers for structural purposes by the US military. It wasn’t until 1987 that the first container homes started to appear. Philip Clark patented the method of converting steel shipping containers into homes. His patent (4854094) was granted in 1989.
Are container homes sustainable?
Shipping container architecture is usually labeled as a green, sustainable, or eco-friendly form of building. … Also, by recycling these steel structures, there is less demand for brick, wood, and other building materials. This subsequently lowers the total embodied energy cost associated with a home.
What are container houses?
Container homes are exactly what they sound like; homes made from the steel shipping containers that you see carrying goods everywhere on trains, trucks, and ships. … Eight larger containers together can make a two-story house at about 1400 square feet.
What are the benefits of using containers?
Benefits of containers
- Less overhead. Containers require less system resources than traditional or hardware virtual machine environments because they don’t include operating system images.
- Increased portability. …
- More consistent operation. …
- Greater efficiency. …
- Better application development.
What are two types of containers?
11 Most Common Container Types
- General Purpose Containers. A general purpose container is also known as a « dry container ». …
- Flat Rack Containers. …
- Open Top Containers. …
- Double Door Containers. …
- High Cube Containers. …
- Open Side Containers. …
- ISO Reefer Containers. …
- Insulated Containers.
Why are there different types of containers?
As such, depending on the type of products to be shipped or the special services needed from them, container units may vary in dimension, structure, materials, construction etc. various types of shipping containers are being used today to meet requirements of all kinds of cargo shipping.
Does shipping container architecture make sense?
- There are copious benefits to the so-called shipping container architecture model. A few of these advantages include: strength, durability, availability, and cost. The abundance and relative cheapness (some sell for as little as $900) of these containers during the last decade comes from the deficit in manufactured goods coming from North America.
How do you build a container home?
- Get the Correct Shipping Containers. It can be incredibly tempting to buy any old shipping container to use to build your home. …
- Remove the Floors in Your Containers. Another hot topic with shipping container homes is flooring. …
- Insulate Your Containers. Insulating your shipping containers is one of the most important aspects of the build. …
What is Docker container architecture?
- Docker Container Architecture. Container technology emerged from the Linux world, based on key features in the Linux kernel, including cgroups and namespaces. These features allow lightweight workloads to be virtualized within the Linux OS.
What is a container structure?
- In computer science, a container is a class, a data structure, or an abstract data type (ADT) whose instances are collections of other objects. In other words, they store objects in an organized way that follows specific access rules. The size of the container depends on the number of objects (elements) it contains.
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G-flat is a lovely chord on the piano. It has a beautiful sound, slightly brighter than the other flat chords.
Gb will feel different than white key chords like F, G or A major. But don’t let that scare you! G flat is very easy to play. I’ll teach you everything you need to know, and give you diagrams and tips as you’re learning.
What Is A Gb Chord?
When you see the term “Gb” this is an abbreviation for G Flat. A “b” is a flat sign in music theory.
The G-flat chord is basically just a chord in the family of major chords, made up of 3 notes in what’s called a triad. It is formed the same as any other major chord – by building a major third and then a minor third on top of that.
If that sounds confusing, don’t worry! I’ll put it in beginner terms soon and show you lots of keyboard diagrams to help you out.
What is G-Flat Equivalent To?
Now, before going further, we need to talk about an important topic. Because Gb is a black note, it has two names.
The Gb major and F# major chords are the same physical chord but with different spellings.
I know this might be confusing, but every black key on the piano has TWO names. The note Gb can also be F# (since it is both a half step UP from F and a half step DOWN from G). Flats always go a half step down and sharps a half step up.
(Want to learn more about flats and sharps? See this video).
So in a sense, like I said, Gb & F# chords are the same because they use the same exact notes. Your hand will be in the same place when you play both of these chords.
However, the spelling of these two chords are different.
Here are the two spellings:
Gb – Bb – Db
F# – A# – C#
I find that piansts tend to be split on which spelling they prefer. Personally, I like the F# spelling better. But there are lots of songs in the key of G flat, and songs that use the G flat chord by itself. So it is important to know both!
In this post, of course, we will be exploring the flat spelling of this chord.
How To Play a G-Flat Piano Chord
Now let’s get into the details of the Gb chord!
You will play a Gb major chord simply by pressing down the 3 notes in the triad simultaneously. See below for a diagram on which notes are included.
Notes In a Gb Chord
In its regular form (root position) the G-flat chord includes 3 notes: Gb, Bb, and Db. Notice that this chord is made up entirely of black keys!
The Gb is known as the root of the chord, the Bb is the major third, and the Db the perfect fifth. Check out Gb major on the keyboard below!
Let’s talk a little more about finding these notes if you’re a beginner at playing piano.
What Key On The Piano Is Gb?
When learning this chord, you’re going to want to start by finding what’s called the root of the chord – the note on the bottom. In this case, that note is G-flat, which as we have discussed, is a black key.
Gb, as the name suggests, can be found by going directly below any G. Just go to the first black key to the left of an G (in musical terms, this is called going one half-step down!)
Another way to think of it is that Gb is directly above any F.
Hopefully one of these methods will stick in your memory so you can always find Gb easily!
Finding Bb And Db On The Piano
To find the B flat (the 3rd of the chord) move two black notes to the right.
And to find Db, move to the next black note to the right (there will be two white notes in between).
Remember, these 3 notes will all be a 3rd apart as far as intervals go. Make sure to use the keyboard diagram while looking at your own piano to make sure you get them right!
Gb Chord Piano Finger Position
Once you know WHERE the notes are, it’s time to figure out which fingers to put where! Fingering is a very important part of learning piano. Don’t ignore this step! If all my students would recognize this, they could save themselves so much wasted practice!
If you’re thinking that these chords are too small to be of much importance, think again. Practicing chord fingerings now will help you greatly in the future!
The nice thing is that the fingerings for major chords are always the same. Yes, even for the flat chords! Even though this chord feels different because of the flats, you will still use the same exact fingering.
Right hand fingering: 1 – 3 – 5
Left hand fingering: 5 – 3 – 1
Don’t forget that finger 1 is your thumb, finger 3 your middle finger, and finger 5 your pinky.
More Piano Chords To Learn
Gb Chord Inversions
Now that you know the simplest form of the Gb chord, you are ready to try inverions! While fingering is one important aspect of chords, inversions are another. Don’t skip this.
An inversion is just the SAME notes but mixed up into different orders. Gb inversions will feel a little strange because of the two flats. However, the more you practice putting your hand in the form, the more it will start to feel normal.
Gb/Bb – First Inversion Chord
Gb first inversion is also known as “Gb/Bb” – the reason for this is the Bb is now on the bottom of the chord. As you can see below, you’ll flip the Gb from the bottom onto the top for first inversion.
Right Hand fingering: 1 – 2 – 5
Left hand fingering: 5 – 3 – 1
Gb/Db – Second Inversion Chord
Gb second inversion is known as Gb/Db, for the same reason as the last chord—the Db will now be on the bottom!
To play this on the piano, start with your hand on first inversion. Then, take the Bb on the bottom and put it on the top.
Now, Db will be on the bottom, which is exactly what we want! See below:
Right hand fingering: 1 – 3 – 5
Left hand fingering: 1 – 2 – 5
As one final step, I highly recommend you try switching back and forth between ALL the different inversions when you practice! I normally have my students start at the root chord, go up the inversions, and then come back down to the root. This will help you get used to the way the different chords feel with the flats.
Gb Major Inversions Sheet Music
If you prefer to follow sheet music, here are the G flat inversions written out on the staff.
Playing G Flat Major Chord In The Left Hand
After you learn how to play the Gb chord and inversions, you can try doing some cool things with it in the left hand too!
You may notice that if you try to play the basic chords down lower on the piano with your left hand, it won’t sound too good. This will make a very “thick” sound. You can’t hear the notes very clearly. My students usually scrunch up their noses anytime they hear a chord like this, haha.
So instead of just playing the chords in the left hand, I recommend experimenting with different voicings of the G Flat chord.
This basically just means you will still play the main chord in your right hand…but then you will also play a bass note to go along with it in your left hand.
Here is an example of how you could play a Gb chord split between BOTH of your hands:
- Start by playing the regular root position Gb chord in your right hand
- Put any note you learned in the Gb chord down as a base note in the left hand. You can play a low Gb to make it root position, or you could play a low Bb or Db and to make it first/second inversion.
- Try experimenting with different note combos! You can change up the inversion in your right hand and the bass note in your left hand to get different sounds.
Chords In The Key Of Gb
You’re doing great! We’ve covered quite a bit about the Gb chord, but there is still more to learn.
Did you know there are other chords that can go along WITH this chord? In fact, a chord can be built off of each note in the G-flat scale.
Here’s a quick list you can refer to:
IV: Cb (aka B)
vii: F diminished
I know there are a LOT of flat chords in that list! But don’t be intimidated. Take each chord one at a time as you learn them – and if you want, check out some tips for memorizing piano chords!
What Chords Go Well With G-Flat?
Any of the chords listed above will go well with the Gb chord, because they are all in the same key signature (6 flats). However, they will sound better if you play them in certain orders. This is called a chord progression.
Common Chord Progressions In The Key Of Gb
Playing chord progressions in the key of Gb will involve (you guessed it!) a lot of flats. But don’t let that stop you. The more you play these chords, the better you will get at recognizing them.
- Gb – Db – Ebm – Cb (I – V – vi – IV)
- Gb – Cb – Db (I – IV – V)
- Abm – Db – Gb (ii – V – I)
- Gb – Cb – Db – Abm (I – IV – V – ii)
G flat is a unique and beautiful chord that you definitely want to learn. Make sure to learn the G flat inversions, fingerings, and other chords in the key to ensure maximum success! Practice hard and you’ll get this chord and key down in no time.
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Although the term is never used in today’s first reading, it is traditionally seen as the Catholic origin of the diaconate. Lately, many theologians, committees, and leaders have been discussing the diaconate’s origins and its historical development in light of the church’s needs today.
However, one thing is often overshadowed by any discussion on ordination — that is, the foundational role of the baptismal priesthood, the order to which all the baptized belong. By our baptism, we are made “a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people of [God’s] own” (1 Pt 2:9).By our baptism, we are ordered for a mission: to announce the praises of God, who called us out of darkness into light. That is, we are commissioned to preach the gospel by our words and our deeds. Click To Tweet
By our baptism, we are ordered for a mission: to announce the praises of God, who called us out of darkness into light. That is, we are commissioned to preach the gospel by our words and our deeds. And by our baptism we “remain for ever a member of Christ who is Priest, Prophet, and King” (Rite of Baptism). That is why whoever believes in Christ has been given the authority to do his works and even “greater ones than these” (Jn 14:12).
As we continue to discern the Spirit’s movement in our church, let us never forget the dignity and responsibility already given to each of us by our baptism, a power not for ourselves but for the service of those most in need.
This post was first published in “GIA Quarterly: A Liturgical Music Journal.”
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Just like us humans, our feline friends need to consume enough water each day to stay hydrated and keep their organs functioning optimally.
But how much water should your cat be drinking, and how long can a cat go without water before problems start to arise? Let’s find out.
HOW MUCH WATER DOES A CAT NEED?
On average, a cat should drink approximately 0.5 cups of water for every 5 lbs of body weight. The average cat weighs about 10 lbs, meaning an optimal water intake of 1 cup per day.
With that being said, that advice may not apply to cats who eat a wet food diet. Cats are biologically programmed to get their daily water intake through their food (which, as obligate carnivores, would naturally be raw meat).
If your cat only eats wet food, you might notice that they don’t really drink much water. This may simply mean that they are getting all the water they need from their wet food.
As long as they are not showing signs of dehydration (see below), you probably don’t need to worry about a cat on a wet food diet not drinking much water.
However, it’s still very important to have at least one if not more sources of water available in case they do get thirsty.
How Long Can a Cat Survive Without Water?
How long a cat can survive without drinking any water usually depends on multiple factors in the cat’s environment.
On average, a cat can go 3 to 4 days without water before they eventually die.
However, a cat in a hot or humid environment will become dehydrated faster without water than a cat in a cool area with lots of shade. Also, as we mentioned earlier, a cat who only eats kibble but doesn’t have access to water will get dehydrated much more quickly than a cat who eats wet food.
In some cases, a cat may be able to survive for up to a week without water. However, this is only likely to be the case if the cat in question is still getting plenty of wet food and is kept in a cool, shaded area.
Even in this situation, a cat that goes this long without water is likely to become extremely unwell.
How to Tell if a Cat is Dehydrated
For humans, being slightly dehydrated doesn’t seem like a big deal. We understand that we should ideally drink before we feel thirsty, and if we do start to feel thirsty, we can correct the problem fairly easily with a large glass of water.
However, cats don’t have a very good sense of when they need to ingest fluids. That’s why it’s so important to understand the symptoms of dehydration in cats, especially since dehydration can worsen quickly and cause very serious problems in felines.
Some symptoms of cat dehydration include:
What to Do if Your Cat is Dehydrated
If you suspect that your cat is dehydrated, it’s important to act fast to prevent health complications.
Your cat may become dehydrated for one of two reasons: either they have been deprived of water, or they are refusing to drink.
Depending on the reason as well as the severity of the dehydration, you may need to approach the problem in different ways.
If your cat has accidentally had their access to water cut off (for example, if they knocked over their bowl and you didn’t notice), you may not need to seek medical assistance straight away as long as they haven’t been without water for several days and the symptoms of dehydration are mild.
First, provide a bowl of clean water or fill up your cat’s water fountain with fresh water and see if your cat will drink. If your cat won’t drink, you can try alternative methods of hydration such as a cat-safe electrolyte supplement or a meat-flavored broth.
However, if your cat has not had any water for several days, refuses to drink even after water sources have been provided, or appears severely dehydrated, you must take this seriously.
In these situations, don’t waste time looking for electrolyte supplements at your local pet store. Instead, make an urgent appointment with your vet.
Your cat may need to have fluids administered intravenously if they are very dehydrated, and the sooner they are treated, the better their chances of recovery will be.
If your cat is also experiencing vomiting and/or diarrhea or is running a fever in addition to not drinking water, you should go straight to your nearest emergency vet because losing fluids in this way will speed up and worsen dehydration.
Symptoms such as sunken eyes, skin that does not fall back into place when pinched, and lethargy are indicators of severe dehydration and should be treated as a matter of urgency.
If you take one thing away from this article, it should be that it’s important to monitor how much water your cat is drinking.
Your cat should always have clean, fresh water available to them. A cat can only survive for about 3 to 4 days without water, so it’s crucial to know the signs of dehydration in cats and to act fast if you notice any of them.
Mild cases of dehydration in cats may be treatable at home by increasing water and electrolyte intake. This can be done through the use of more water sources, supplements, or wet food.
However, if your cat has been deprived of water or is refusing to drink water in addition to symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, or sunken eyes, this indicates severe and dangerous dehydration. Please seek medical attention immediately.
At Love4Cats, our practice involves consistent collaboration with licensed veterinarians and reputable industry experts. However, it's important to note that the content provided on Excited Cats is not intended as veterinary advice. While we strive to enhance your understanding of feline care, the information presented on this blog should not replace professional veterinary guidance.
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Viruses happen to be dangerous programs that contaminate computers, adjust software programs, and steal information. They can as well cause physical damage to endpoint devices like desktop computers, tablets, and smartphones. They can ruin personal files, damaged data, and in some cases disable the device’s capabilities. These or spyware programs usually are created by simply people with malevolent intent, including simple pranks and workings to cyber robbery, espionage, and other serious offences.
Despite the critical hazards involved, a large number of people still need to know learning to make a computer anti-virus. Some infections are written in development languages such as C, C++, or Python, while others are produced using macro languages including Visual Simple for House windows users. Creating and growing destructive viruses is believed a crime practically in countries, and the ones who are caught may face critical penalties.
A virus commonly consists of 3 phases: illness, propagation, and triggering. Throughout the infection phase, the strain will attach themselves to docs and courses that are reached or exposed, including email attachments, immediate messages, and social media backlinks. The anti-virus will then modify these documents, taking up space and possibly resulting in other problems. Some malware are designed to encrypt files, and victims must pay a ransom to regain entry to their files.
After the record is infected, it is going to begin to copy itself. The virus will stash identical dwellings of on its own in other docs, programs, or perhaps disk places. www.kvbhel.org/gadgets/free-vpns-firestick/ These kinds of clones may be slightly altered to obfuscate the code and avoid recognition by antivirus programs. This technique is called polymorphic coding.
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What is bacterial vaginosis?
Bacterial vaginosis, or BV, is an infection of the vagina that’s often characterized by itchiness and excessive discharge. Although it’s one of the most common vaginal infections, researchers don’t yet know how it’s spread. It generally affects women of childbearing age, but it’s also been found in infants, children with no exposure to sex, and postmenopausal women.
Researchers used to think that BV was fairly harmless. But they’ve recently found that if untreated, it can put you at risk of more serious disorders such as pelvic inflammatory disease, an infection of the Fallopian tubes that can lead to permanent tissue scarring and infertility. Bacterial vaginosis has also been linked to an infection of the uterus called endometritis, and health problems following invasive procedures, including the placement of an IUD, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
On top of that, BV can cause complications during pregnancy. According to the CDC, pregnant women with BV are more likely to go into preterm labor and give birth prematurely than those without BV. Research has also linked the condition to infection of the amniotic fluid (the liquid surrounding a fetus in the womb), as well as infections following a caesarean section.
What are the symptoms?
Fifty percent of women with BV have no symptoms at all. If you do, you’ll probably notice a white or grayish vaginal discharge, itchiness, redness, and an unpleasant fishy odor. Researchers think the odor is more marked during menstruation and following sexual intercourse.
The symptoms are caused by a variety of bacteria including Gardnerella vaginalis. Like many other vaginal infections, BV is thought to reduce the number of health-promoting lactobacilli bacteria in the vagina, a loss that can lead to the proliferation of bad bacteria.
How would I get it?
Again, the experts aren’t sure. Some research indicates that there’s a link with sexual activity, but there is no definitive evidence that it’s spread through sex. Risk factors include a new sex partner or having multiple sex partners. Women who have never had sex rarely get BV however treating male sex partners has not prevented its recurrence. Newborns can get BV if their mothers are infected with it, so if you’re planning to get pregnant, you should get tested for the infection. BV is also linked to douching and a lack of certain “good” bacteria (lactobacilli) in the vagina, according to the CDC.
How is it diagnosed?
BV is diagnosed by using clinical or Gram-stain tests, according to the CDC. The clinical procedure consists of four steps, three of which must yield a positive result to confirm a diagnosis of BV.
- First your doctor or a nurse takes a sample of your vaginal fluid. Magnified under a microscope, it may show the presence of numerous cells containing BV bacteria.
- Next the vaginal fluid is analyzed. If a thin, white discharge coats the vaginal walls, BV may be present.
- A lab then checks the fluid to determine whether it’s normally acidic, with a pH ranging from approximately 3.9 to about 4.2. If the pH is greater than 4.5, you may have BV.
- A technician adds an alkaline solution to the vaginal fluid and does a whiff test. A fishy odor indicates that BV is in the picture.
The CDC cautions doctors against diagnosing BV by simply taking a culture of the bacterium G. vaginalis, because it’s not specific enough to show whether you have the infection.
What are my treatment options?
For some time BV has been treated successfully with metronidazole, an antibiotic in pill form. The recommended treatment is a pill containing 500 milligrams of metronidazole, taken twice a day for 7 days, or metronidazole gel (0.75 percent), applied to the vagina with an applicator once a day for 5 days, according to 2006 guidelines from the CDC. The agency also recommends treating BV with clindamycin, used as a vaginal cream (2 percent) at bedtime once a day for 7 days.
Note: Because clindamycin can damage latex products such as diaphragms and condoms, you may want to wait to have intercourse until you’ve finished the treatment. In addition, you shouldn’t drink alcohol while you’re being treated with metronidazole or for 24 hours afterwards.
All women who are pregnant and have the symptoms of BV should get treated for it. However, many women have BV and don’t know it. For this reason, and since BV is associated with premature birth and other serious medical complications during pregnancy, women at high risk of giving birth early should receive treatment for BV, even if they don’t have symptoms. If you are pregnant and have BV, or suspect you have it, discuss testing and treatment options with your doctor.
How can I avoid getting BV?
Scientists do not completely understand BV so one knows for sure how to prevent it. However, research does show that BV is associated with having a new or more than one sex partner. Below are some basic steps to help reduce the risk of upsetting the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and developing BV:
- Because the “good” lactobacilli bacteria help control the growth of harmful bacteria and infection, get the nutrients you need to keep them happy. Eating yogurt that contains active acidophilus (you’ll find it at health food stores) helps maintain the health of your vagina (although there’s no evidence it helps in the treatment of BV).
- Limit your number of sex partners.
- Avoid vaginal douching, since it decreases the number of good lactobacilli in the vagina.
- Since an IUD may increase your chances of getting BV, consider another form of birth control if you have recurring infections.
McGregor JA, et al. Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2000 May;55(5 Suppl 1):S1-19.
Calzolari E, et al. Bacterial vaginosis and contraceptive methods. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000 Sep;70(3):341-6.
Hillier SL, et al. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995 Dec 28;333(26):1737-42.
Hitti J, et al. Vaginal indicators of amniotic fluid infection in preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol 2001 Feb;97(2):211-9.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2002, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, May 10, 2002, Vol. 51, No. RR-6.
Merck Manuals. Puerperal Endometritis. November 2008.
Centers for Disease Control. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines.
Centers for Disease Control. Bacterial Vaginosis. February 2008.
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Permanent contraception, also known as sterilization, is a surgical procedure that prevents a woman from becoming pregnant. It includes tubectomy and vasectomy.
The oral contraceptive pill is also known as the birth control pill is a type of contraception that is taken by mouth in the form of a pill.
There are many different types of contraceptive methods available, including hormonal methods, barrier methods, IUDs, sterilization, and natural methods.
If you're giving bottle feed to your baby then your period could start as early as 6-8 weeks and with exclusive breastfeeding it could be delayed for 6 months
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Size does matter: Authagraph World Map turns the Earth into a rectangle using tetrahedrons
Most common world maps are highly size distorted, with any land masses located toward the poles tending to look much bigger than they really are, which, in some ways, makes this weird-looking projection a lot more accurate. How it's made is a fascinating process – now, what is it actually useful for?
Creating 2-D maps of the entire Earth is a hard job. It's a sphere, and trying to nicely unwrap it into a neat rectangle leads to varying degrees of distortion. The map you're familiar with, that pretty much everyone has a copy of somewhere, is called the Mercator Projection, which was first presented by cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569.
It works well for nautical navigation, but it also massively distorts the size and shape of land masses, particularly near the poles. Take Canada as an example – it looks absolutely enormous, but if you remove the cylindrical distortion, you find it's not actually that much bigger than Australia (if you don't consider an extra 2.3 million km2 (888,000 mi2) much):
Another example: Greenland looks massive, but here it is in between Africa and South America with the size distortion removed. You can play around with this stuff yourself at TheTrueSize.
There are other projections of the globe that seek to represent the size of land masses more fairly; take the Gall-Peters projection, which tries to even things up by vertically compressing the areas near the poles:
Or the Mollweide projection, which throws out the idea of fitting everything onto a nice neat rectangle, and bends continents around in order to try to represent land mass as accurately as possible:
Or the Boggs eumorphic projection, which takes something like the Mollweide idea and slices it up to try to undo some of that bending and show both the correct shape and land mass size, sacrificing any usable navigation abilities in the ocean areas:
There are many more, and now another has joined the list. Winner of the Japan Institute of Design Promotion's Good Design Award for 2016, meet the Authagraph World Map:
Clearly, nobody is using this thing to plot a course. Lines of longitude and latitude bend, twist and curl, and figuring out which way's north is a challenge in some spots. But in terms of representing the size and shape of land masses, it's actually very accurate.
Created by Hajime Narukawa of the Keio University Graduate School of Media and Governance, the Authagraph map fits perfectly into a nice rectangular shape with a neat 3:4 aspect ratio thanks to its ingenious method of construction.
First, the sphere is divided into some 96 regions and then these regions are mapped onto an inflated tetrahedron shape. The inflated tetrahedron is flattened into a regular tetrahedron, then the tetrahedron is cut out and flattened into a big triangle and lined up with a whole bunch of other ones. From there, you can choose where to cut your map out from, depending on what you need to highlight and whether you're comfortable cutting land masses in half.
It's not officially yet an equal-area map in the eyes of the cartography community, which is rightly picky about such things, but with an increased number of subdivisions it could attain that rating.
Now, to figure out what it's useful for!
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New rules announced by the Trump administration will significantly weaken the way the nation’s Endangered Species Act is applied, according to Stony Brook’s famed marine ecologist Carl Safina.
In a New York Times op-ed published August 13, Safina argued that the new rules would potentially open the way for mining, oil and gas drilling and development that could be disastrous for the world’s dwindling biodiversity.
“It used to be that animals did not need us,” Safina wrote. “Now they do. Unless we value their existence, the modern tide will engulf and obliterate them. Their survival — like our great-grandchildren’s — is a moral matter.”
Safina, who holds the Carl Safina Endowed Research Chair for Nature and Humanity in the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, is a vocal advocate for endangered species whose recent book Beyond Words: What Animals Think and Feel (2015) delves deeply into the intelligence and emotional make-up of animals.
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We're used to seeing proposals for high-tech vertical farms that never seem to translate to real life, but the city of Linköping in Sweden has finally taken these buildings out of the realm of glossy CG models. Plantagon International is building a 17-story vertical greenhouse, slated to open by 2013, that will have a "transportation helix" to transfer vegetables and grains within its enormous spherical space. The greenhouse promises to parasitize on the excess heat, CO2 and waste produced by the city, using it for warmth and fertilizer. The design cuts transportation costs, and perhaps most impressively, promises the equivalent of 100,000 square meters of arable land on a 10,000 square meter footprint. Still no word on whether building a gigantic steel and glass structure is more carbon-efficient than conventional farming, but retrofitting existing office buildings might help take care of this problem.
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On this day in 1930, the dedication ceremony for the Municipal Auditorium was held.
The program began with a prayer by Rev. Florence Sullivan, followed by a gun salute and speeches made by the Mayor Walmsley, Judge Rufus E. Foster, Edward Alexander Parsons, and Roland B. Howell. A prayer was also was also offered by Rabbi Louis Binstock. While the new building was being celebrated, much of the event was focused on remembering Memorial Day.
In keeping with this holiday, men representing servicemen from all previous wars marched across the stage as different music selections were played by the American Legion Band. “Yankee Doodle”, “Stars and Stripes Forever”, “Dixie”, and the National Anthem were played during this section.
(Did you know that the National Anthem at this time was “Hail Columbia”, not the “Star Spangled Banner”? Our current National Anthem was used by the Navy and was a favorite of Woodrow Wilson, who was not in the Navy himself, but is known for the Naval Act of 1916, an act that spent $500 million on building up the Navy. He must have really liked that song.)
After the various wars were represented, a 1000 student chorus with members from every school in the city sang “America the Beautiful” accompanied by the Warren Easton High School band.
Organizations including the American Legion, Red Cross, Children of the Confederacy, New Orleans Federation of Clubs, Disabled Veterans of the World War, Colonial Dames were represented by individuals who walked on stage to place a flower into a basket to honor those who died in battle. A gun salute sounded again and “Taps” was played.
While the building had been open for months and already was home to the Rex and Comus Mardi Gras Balls that happened in the 1930 Season, this was the official dedication ceremony.
The Municipal Auditorium was designed by Favrot and Livaudais, and built by George Caldwell, a man made famous for his work on the LSU campus and infamous for a prison term served for misusing Works Progress Funds, tax evasion and bribery. The Feds were tipped off when Caldwell, with an annual salary of $6,000 built himself a mansion for $45,000, complete with gold fixtures and air conditioning. He spent 4 years in prison for these crimes. As these things happen, he was not the only person involved in this moneymaking scheme – this whole scandalous period in Louisiana Politics would later become known as the Louisiana Hayride.
Critics of the day praised the building. According to Spearman Lewis, manager of the American Exposition Palace in Chicago, “It is not only a very beautiful building. But it is simple in design and practical in construction. I went from engine room to the roof and I don’t see a thing that hasn’t been done. It is very adaptable. It has a magnificent electrical installation. It has comfortable seats. It has a good floor. And it is easy to get into and easy to get out of.” (Times Picayune, Feb 22, 1930) The building had all of the modern necessities. An advertisement in the Times Picayune boasted “complete telephone and telegraph system” with 4 telephone booths open to the public.
The building was massive and seated almost 8,000 people. It has 607 doors, made of birch, pine, fir and cypress, all created at National Door and Sash Company, Inc. located on Toulouse Street. One of the most important features is its adaptability for different events. According to A Guide to New Orleans Architecture, it “can be divided to house a small performance at one end, and a large one at the other simultaneously, making it quite a versatile hall, though its acoustics were never designed to keep rock music from penetrating its baffles,” but this did not stop rock musicians from playing here! Elvis Presley, Bruce Springsteen and the E street Band, and Led Zeppelin had concerts in this venue.
While it has had many uses throughout the years – as temporary casino while Harrah’s was being built on Canal Street, as the home of the city’s minor league hockey team known as the New Orleans Brass, as the main stage where plays, operas, and wrestling matches were performed – one of the most iconic uses of this space was for the Mardi Gras Balls. Since its first year being opened, this venue was home to the Mardi Gras evening Rex and Comus balls. The double auditorium would host both balls at the same time, which would include a meeting of both courts, a ceremony that has been repeated annually since 1892.
This building was badly damaged in Katrina in 2005, and has been shuttered for the past decade. Hurricane Betsy had also caused major damage, but repairs started right away after this storm.
In 2014, newspapers were abuzz that work was finally being done to bring this building back to life. According to John Pope in his nola.com article, “35 vintage Municipal Auditorium photos for #tbt … wait, is that BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN?” claimed that the repairs that were needed included, “A generator and new sump pump to get water out of the basement have been installed, and the entire building is scheduled to undergo asbestos abatement and removal of lead-base paint and acquire a new roof, a new sprinkler system and a new heating and air-conditioning system.” He added that the amount of $20 million was coming from FEMA and all the work should be finished by November 2015. New Orleans Projects typically run late, and this one is no exception. The building is still not open, 6 months later.
I have never been in the Municipal Auditorium. I moved to New Orleans one year before the storm, and as a 23 year old transplant from the North, I wasn’t invited to Rex or Comus. Hopefully work will be completed soon so I can take a peek inside!
- Times Picayune (Feb 22, 1930)
- Ledner, Albert C. A Guide to New Orleans Architecture: The New Orleans Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. New Orleans: American Institute of Architects Pr., 1974.
- Wall, Bennett H., and Light Townsend. Cummins. Louisiana: A History. Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson, 2002.
- Wikipedia: By Spatms – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33637021
- Elvis performing on stage at the Municipal Auditorium – Aug 12, 1956. Photo © Jay B. Leviton courtesy Ger Rijff’s “Elvis Close Up” accessed from website scottymoore.net
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- Examine shows physical action and top quality rest have synergistic results on wellness.
- Higher amounts of actual physical activity may possibly substantially counteract the negative overall health impression of very poor sleep.
Though the adverse overall health results of
A research published in the British Journal of Athletics Medication investigates the joint association of actual physical exercise and snooze with all-lead to and bring about-precise mortality pitfalls.
The extensive-phrase study adopted around 380,000 center-aged adult men and females who are part of the Uk Biobank.
The members completed questionnaires, interviews, and bodily measurements to figure out their baseline health problem together with their bodily activity ranges and rest behaviors.
Folks were being excluded from participating in the study if their baseline assessments indicated a heritage of cardiovascular disorder, most cancers, snooze apnea, or course 3 weight problems.
The researchers assessed and summarized bodily activity info making use of metabolic equivalent undertaking minutes. These minutes are around equal to the variety of energy expended for each minute of physical action.
Unique actual physical activity was categorized based on the Environment Health Group (WHO) pointers. Types bundled:
- large (1200 or a lot more minutes for every week)
- medium (600 to less than 1200 minutes for every 7 days)
- low ( to less than 600 minutes for each 7 days)
The scientists outlined a further group to involve no reasonable-to-vigorous activity for every 7 days so that they could also assess the outcomes of inadequate physical action.
The damaging overall health results of
They utilized 5 snooze properties — chronotype (evening owl vs. morning lark tendencies), rest length, the existence of sleeplessness, daytime sleepiness, and loud night breathing — to rating individuals on a scale from to 5. Slumber rating groups included: wholesome (4 or bigger), intermediate (2–3), and lousy (0–1).
Employing both these scoring techniques along with other facts provided by the individuals, the researchers derived a dozen actual physical activity/snooze combos.
The participants’ well being was then tracked until May well 2020 or their dying, based on which came very first, to evaluate their hazard of dying from any result in, and particularly from cardiovascular illness, coronary heart condition, stroke, and all types of most cancers. These are the typical issues independently affiliated with poor rest and minimum actual physical action.
About 15,500 contributors died throughout the checking period.
About 26% of the fatalities had been from any type of cardiovascular ailment 58% have been from all styles of cancer 12% resulted from coronary coronary heart ailment 2% followed a brain bleed stroke and 3% were from a blood clot stroke.
Those who died through the initial 2 decades of the research were being excluded from the facts, as was any one who died from COVID-19.
The effects of the review reveal that the reduced a participant’s snooze score, the larger their danger of demise from any cause and from all styles of cardiovascular condition and blood clot-induced stroke.
Also, people who had bad slumber and no reasonable-to-vigorous actual physical exercise experienced the best possibility of demise from any cause, from cardiovascular sickness, and from any sort of most cancers when in comparison with these having a high-bodily-activity-in addition-healthful-sleep mixture.
People today who have been youthful, feminine, slimmer, and fiscally far better off, consumed far more fruits and greens, expended significantly less of their days sitting, had no psychological well being troubles, hardly ever smoked, drank fewer alcohol, and were a lot more bodily lively tended to have much healthier snooze scores.
The researchers acknowledge restrictions in the review, which include the simple fact that this was an observational research, which indicates that it does not build causality.
Also, the research relied on self-noted details and excluded possibly influential factors, this kind of as profession, home size, and feasible modifications in sleep conduct and bodily action in excess of time.
In accordance to the scientists, “Poor slumber was involved with a bigger danger [of] all-cause and result in-specific mortality, and these dangers were markedly exacerbated among individuals with insufficient [physical activity].”
The study benefits also show that amounts of bodily activity at or earlier mentioned the decrease threshold advised by the
The scientists conclude that emerging proof supports a synergistic influence of rest and physical exercise on wellness outcomes. They strain the require for potential experiments to include things like machine-centered snooze and physical assessments that will concurrently focus on both equally behaviors.
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In the ever-evolving landscape of healthcare, medical waste management is a critical aspect that cannot be overlooked. Healthcare providers and health systems generate a substantial amount of waste daily, much of which is hazardous and poses a risk to both public health and the environment if not managed properly. This is where medical waste services come into play, offering specialized solutions to ensure safe disposal and regulatory compliance. In this article, we will delve into what medical waste services consist of and what healthcare providers and health systems can expect from their chosen medical waste service provider.
The Importance of Medical Waste Services
Before we explore the specifics of what medical waste services entail, let’s highlight the importance of proper medical waste management in healthcare facilities:
1. Safety: Medical waste can contain infectious materials, sharp objects, and hazardous chemicals. Proper management ensures the safety of healthcare workers, patients, and the community.
2. Compliance: Strict regulations govern the handling, transportation, and disposal of medical waste. Compliance with these regulations is essential to avoid fines and maintain a positive reputation.
3. Environmental Responsibility: Many medical waste materials are harmful to the environment. Responsible disposal practices are crucial to minimize ecological impact.
Now, let’s dive into what healthcare providers and health systems can expect from their medical waste service provider.
1. Comprehensive Waste Collection
One of the primary services offered by medical waste providers is comprehensive waste collection. This includes:
– Sharps Containers: Proper disposal of needles, syringes, and other sharps.
– Biohazard Bins: Secure disposal of biological waste such as tissues, fluids, and cultures.
– Chemotherapy Waste Containers: Safe disposal of hazardous materials used in chemotherapy.
– Pharmaceutical Waste Containers: Disposal of expired or unused medications.
A reputable medical waste service provider will offer a range of containers tailored to your facility’s specific needs.
2. Regulatory Compliance
Adhering to federal, state, and local regulations is paramount in medical waste management. A reliable provider will keep you up to date with changing regulations and ensure that your facility is in compliance. This includes proper labeling, manifesting, and record-keeping.
3. Secure Transportation
Medical waste must be transported safely and securely to its final destination for disposal. Medical waste service providers offer transportation services that meet all regulatory requirements. This includes using specialized vehicles and trained personnel to handle and transport medical waste.
4. Treatment and Disposal
Once collected, medical waste needs to be treated and disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner. This may involve processes such as incineration, autoclaving, or chemical treatment, depending on the type of waste. Your medical waste service provider should have state-of-the-art facilities and the expertise to carry out these processes safely.
5. Training and Education
A reputable medical waste service provider will offer training and education programs for your staff. This helps ensure that everyone in your facility understands the importance of proper waste segregation and disposal.
6. Emergency Response
In the event of a spill or accident involving medical waste, your provider should have a rapid response team ready to handle the situation efficiently, minimizing risks to personnel and the environment.
7. Sustainability Initiatives
As environmental concerns continue to grow, some medical waste service providers may offer sustainability initiatives. These may include recycling programs for certain waste materials and the use of eco-friendly disposal methods wherever possible.
8. Customized Solutions
Every healthcare facility is unique, and your medical waste service provider should offer customized solutions tailored to your specific needs. This ensures that you’re not paying for services you don’t require and that your waste management plan is efficient and cost-effective.
In the realm of healthcare, proper medical waste management is non-negotiable. Choosing the right medical waste service provider can make a significant difference in ensuring the safety of your staff, patients, and the environment while staying compliant with regulations. Expect comprehensive waste collection, regulatory compliance, secure transportation, treatment and disposal, training and education, emergency response, sustainability initiatives, and customized solutions from your chosen provider. By partnering with a trusted medical waste service, healthcare providers and health systems can focus on what truly matters—providing quality care to their patients.
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Meet a Participant: Hang Deng
Using Statistics and Deep Learning to Improve Women’s Health
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally, with an estimated 528,000 new cases and 265,700 deaths per year according to the World Health Organization. In the United States, the cervical cancer death rate has decreased by more than 50 percent in the last 40 years with the use of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, one of the most effective ways to detect pre-cervical cancer. However, more than 4,000 women each year die from cervical cancer in the United States. Globally nearly 85 percent of cases of cervical cancer occur in less developed regions, where access to screenings is not common.
The best way to prevent cervical cancer is through regular screenings, but not every country has the same resources for screenings or the same process of administering them. Using Norway as a case study, doctoral student Hang Deng applied his statistical knowledge to better understand the process of cervical cancer screenings and possible ways to improve testing frequency. His research was made possible by the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Mathematical Sciences Graduate Internship (MSGI) Program.
The program provides research opportunities for mathematical sciences doctoral students to participate in internships at national laboratories, industries and other facilities. NSF MSGI seeks to provide hands-on experience for the use of mathematics in a nonacademic setting.
Deng was stationed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California, under the mentorship of Ghaleb Abdulla, Ph.D. Deng and Abdulla’s team of researchers analyzed survey data of Norwegian women’s health information with the goal to develop personalized cervical screening policies.
Typically, women between the ages of 20 and 65 receive the recommendation to have a Pap smear test every one to three years. However, by using each patient’s history, a determination may potentially be made to reduce the frequency of testing without losing the ability to successfully detect cervical cancer at the proper time. Safely reducing the frequency of testing would cut medical screening costs and lessen the interference of testing in women’s lives.
To achieve their goal, Deng and the team adopted a deep learning approach using a model called long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks. Deep learning is a new area of machine learning methods. LSTM uses a technique that allows learning to occur over many time steps, training the system using a large amount of data.
Deng used a significant amount of women’s health data, as well as knowledge from previous trainings on LSTM neural networks to help train the current model specifically for cervical cancer. By inputting data including women’s previous screenings and test results, LSTM could begin to learn and predict personalized screening recommendations. The methodology developed by the team is applicable beyond the Norwegian women in the study. The methodology can also be applied to similar data in other countries for cervical cancer or other diseases that share the same medical data structure.
“The project has a truly useful application,” Deng commented. “I was highly motivated when I realized that we may actually make a difference in Norwegian women’s lives and hopefully more people’s lives later on.” During his internship, Deng had the opportunity to explore deep learning methods and discover new areas of research.
“The experience was great and unforgettable because it helped me broaden my research horizons. I was able to meet many people with different backgrounds and areas of expertise. I learned a lot from discussions with other people,” Deng said.
Deng returned to Rutgers University where he plans to graduate with his doctoral degree in 2020.
The NSF MSGI Program is funded by NSF and administered through the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). ORISE is managed for DOE by ORAU.
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Overconsumption of added sugars in sweets, drinks and processed foods is a leading cause of obesity and is linked to diabetes, heart disease and cancer. It is probably not surprising that sugar also has adverse effects on your dental health. When sugar from foods or drinks mixes with the saliva and bacteria in your mouth, it creates an acid that erodes the enamel protecting your teeth.
The American Heart Association recommends that no more than 10 percent of your daily caloric intake come from sugar. But most Americans consume several times that much. The first step in reducing your sugar intake is knowing how much sugar you are consuming. If sugar comprises a startling number of your calories, you might experience difficulty trying to cut back. Sugar releases the feel-good chemical serotonin, as well as endorphins. If you are overconsuming sugar, you will likely experience some unpleasant effects as you reduce it, including reduced mood, increased stress and significant cravings.
The good news is that the adverse side effects of adopting a healthier diet are temporary, and the benefit to your physical and dental health will outlast the discomfort. Here are some ways to make your transition to healthier habits.
Go Cold Turkey
Some people prefer to cut nearly all sugars from their diet (including natural ones) for a brief period. After a while, they begin to slowly add back only sugars found within healthy foods like fruit, with a modest amount of added sugars, until they achieve an ideal balance. The benefit of cutting sugar cold turkey is that the uncomfortable process will go a lot quicker. Within 72 hours, the side effects (though they will be more extreme than if you waned off sugar gradually) should start to dissipate and become mild over the next few weeks. After you have gone several days without experiencing any cravings for sugar, you can begin to add healthy sugars back. The downside of this method is that the first few days are difficult, and some people give up before succeeding.
Don’t Get Hangry
Waiting too long between meals can cause your blood sugar to drop and your cravings to rise. A craving combined with hunger is a powerful drive that is difficult for most people to overcome. You can quickly find yourself in line at the fast-food drive-thru or halfway into a bag of chips loaded with sugar additives. To keep your blood sugar stable and your hunger at bay, try to eat healthy, protein-packed, fiber-rich meals every three to five hours.
Don’t Eat When You Are Not Hungry
It is common for people to mistake a craving for hunger. So while you shouldn’t let yourself get too hungry, you should monitor your actual hunger level when you have a strong impulse for a particular food (especially sweets). A good rule of thumb is to think of a healthy food that you don’t crave and ask yourself whether you would eat it right now if it were the only thing available to you. If not, then you are probably experiencing a sugar craving and are not truly hungry. Many people will use hunger to justify making a poor food choice, so it’s best to be self-aware to take this excuse off the table.
Avoid Artificial Sweeteners
When you are trying to reduce your sugar intake, artificial sweeteners might seem like a great substitute. However, they don’t reduce your cravings for sugar. In fact, they can make them worse. Artificial sweetening agents such as aspartame (Equal), saccharin (Sweet N’ Low), and sucralose (Splenda) are hundreds of times more potent than sugar. So rather than adapting your taste buds to more natural tastes, they have the opposite effect.
Know The Different Name For Sugar
Unfortunately, sweeteners that might sound healthier than refined sugar are almost always not. Your body cannot tell the difference between different types of sugars. Common ingredients like cane sugar include brown sugar, dextrin, dextrose, high fructose corn syrup, honey, hydrogenated starch, mannitol, maple syrup, molasses, sucrose, sorbitol, turbinado, and xylitol.
Swap Your Snacks
Figure out how many grams of sugar are in your typical food choices, and find similar options that have fewer. Certain brands of food contain more sugar than others, so get in the habit of reading labels. And rather than snacking on processed sweets, try some natural alternatives. Try frozen fruit rather than ice cream or a fruit salad instead of candy. But be mindful of how much sugar exists in the fruits you consume. While natural fruit is certainly more healthy than processed food, eating dozens of pieces of high-sugar fruit each day won’t do much to help your progress toward breaking your sugar habit.
Get More Sleep
Your sleep patterns can affect your sugar cravings. People not getting enough sleep are likely to experience more frequent cravings at higher intensities. A nap as short as 10 or 20 minutes is sometimes all it takes to break an intense craving. Research also shows that people make poorer food choices when they are tired. It is also crucial that you regularly get enough sleep. According to the CDC, adults need between seven and nine hours of sleep per night, and teenagers need between eight and 10.
Increase Your Protein
While high-fat diets are currently in style for those who want to cut carbohydrates, protein is the most filling macronutrient. Protein also may help reduce sugar cravings in particular. Studies using MRIs of patients’ brains found reduced activity associated with cravings when adding protein to each meal. Additionally, starting the day off with a high-protein breakfast can help reduce cravings later in the day.
Set yourself up for success by making your environment as conducive to reducing sugar as possible. Eliminate unhealthy, high-sugar foods from your refrigerator and pantry. When going out, try avoiding places where you know the menu is packed with temptation. You are more likely to slip up if sugary sweets are an easy grab. Going out and purchasing something when you are experiencing a craving will give you some time to think about your decision and whether it’s one you want to make.
Drink More Water
A straightforward method to alleviate a sugar craving is to drink more water. It is the healthiest replacement for other drinks, and it helps with feelings of fullness, which may prevent unintentional snacking on sugary foods. One study showed that people who increased their water intake consumed significantly less sugar than those that did not. Additionally, sweetened drinks such as soda, juice and sports drinks are the primary source of added sugar in our diets.
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Boundaries are a set of personal limits that reinforce your sense of identity and autonomy. They can be physical, sexual, emotional and even spiritual. You have the ability to set them in order to protect yourself and demand respect. Boundaries will vary from relationship to relationship and can change over time. Stay connected to your personal boundaries, openly communicate them to others and reinforce them when they are violated, and you will facilitate healthy relationships.
Identify Your Boundaries
Consider your likes and dislikes. Think about what behaviors, attitudes and experiences make you uncomfortable. You may have difficulty tolerating your sibling calling you names, or feel disgusted when strangers touch your pregnant belly. A clear understanding of your personal boundaries will enable you to clearly and firmly set them and recognize when they are being violated.
Communicate Your Boundaries Assertively
When setting boundaries, do so in a clear and direct manner. Identify the boundary issue and, using 'I' statements, own your feelings in regards to it. For example, you might say, "Do not read my journal. I feel violated when my privacy is disrespected," or, "I feel angry and uncomfortable when strangers touch my body without permission." You are not obligated to apologize or explain yourself further.
Plan a Response to Boundary Violations
Prepare a response for potential boundary violations. You might reiterate your boundaries and acknowledge that your limits have not been respected. Inform the offender of the consequences of further disregard. This can mean saying, "I told you that it is not acceptable to read my journal, and you read it anyway. If this happens again, I won't see you again."
Be Prepared to Follow Through
Maintain a firm stance in regards to your boundaries, and plan to follow through with your stated consequences. If your journal is read again, distance yourself from the offender. Failure to follow through sends others the message that they can easily take advantage of you. If others do not respect your boundaries or even take them seriously, you may begin to believe that your feelings, needs and desires are insignificant, unimportant and meaningless.
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Jill Avery-Stoss is a graduate of Penn State University and a writer and editor based in northeast Pennsylvania. Having spent more than a decade working with victims of sexual and domestic violence, she specializes in writing about women's issues, with emphasis on families and relationships.
Jupiterimages, Brand X Pictures/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images
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Most Americans have heard of the holiday Cinco de Mayo, but not everyone knows what it celebrates. It is not, as some believe, Mexico's Independence Day. (That's September 16). The festivities that occur on the fifth day of May commemorate a battle that was fought almost 50 years after Mexico declared its independence from Spain — a battle fought against the French in 1862.
Cinco de Mayo (which literally means the fifth of May in Spanish) is actually a minor holiday in Mexico. But in cities across the United States, you'll find people getting together to celebrate Cinco de Mayo and, for people of Mexican heritage, their culture as well.
The fifth of May means partying in traditional Mexican style, but its significance goes beyond mariachi bands and piñatas. In this article, you will learn about the roots of Cinco de Mayo and how this holiday is celebrated in the U.S.
After the 1846 Mexican-American War, in which boundaries were clarified after Texas became the 28th U.S. state, Mexico entered a period of political and financial hardship. The Mexican civil war lasted from 1858 to 1861 and left Mexico without a stable support structure. To supplement a deflated economy, Mexico borrowed a great deal of money from other countries. Among those countries were England, Spain and France.
In 1862, all three European powers came to collect. Their navies arrived in Mexico to demand payment and land to settle the debts, but Mexico offered vouchers instead, essentially asking for more time. England and Spain accepted and went home; France invaded, seeking total control of Mexico.
Under Napoleon III, French troops began at the shore and tried to make their way to Mexico City. Before they could get to the capital, they were stopped at the state of Puebla, where a major battle took place on May 5, 1862: La Batalla de Puebla.
Outnumbered and outarmed, the Mexican army at Puebla, under the command of General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguin, managed to defeat the French forces. Ultimately, the Mexican victory at Puebla only delayed the French invasion of Mexico City, and a year later, the French occupied Mexico. But the Mexican soldiers who fought at Puebla nonetheless defied the odds to defend its independence. Cinco de Mayo celebrates that bravery and determination, and commemorates Mexico's fight to ward off imperialist forces.
The first celebration of Cinco de Mayo in the U. S. was in 1863, in Southern California, as a show of solidarity with Mexico against French rule. The French had supported the Confederate Army during the American Civil War that was going on at the same time.
Local Indians from the Puebla region joined Zaragoza's army. With no formal military training, and little, if any, weaponry, the Zacapoaxtlas joined the Mexican soldiers to defeat the French forces.
Cinco de Mayo Celebrations in Mexico and the U.S.
Cinco de Mayo is not a public holiday in Mexico, but it is observed there, most intensely in Puebla, where the actual battle took place. In Puebla, there is a reenactment of the battle. Men dress as French and Mexican soldiers and generals, and women wear the clothing of the soldaderos, the women who cooked for and looked after the soldiers in wartime. In some representations, the Mexican soldiers carry machetes and old gun-powder rifles, and the French soldiers carry bags with wine bottles sticking out.
In other reenactments, fruit is used as ammunition, so the worst injury possible is an apple to the head. In addition to the parades, there are fiestas featuring Mexican food (like the regional specialty Mole Poblano), Mexican music, including mariachi bands, piñatas for the kids and fireworks at the end of the day. Tequila is not the drink of choice: It's agua fresca (fruit juices and flavored waters).
Cinco de Mayo became popular in the U.S. in the 1960s when Chicano activists in America raised awareness of the holiday, relating to it as a battle of indigenous Mexicans triumphing over imperialist European forces. In cities like San Antonio, Houston, Dallas, St. Paul, Chicago and Los Angeles, you'll find Cinco de Mayo celebrations featuring carnivals, street fairs and multiday festivals. Parades, food, dancing and music round out the festivities. There might also be hot pepper or jalapeno-eating contests and Miss Cinco de Mayo pageants.
The largest Cinco de Mayo celebration in the world is in Los Angeles. There, Cinco de Mayo festivities attract hundreds of thousands of people. Red, white and green — the colors of the Mexican flag — are the dominant tones on the blocks around City Hall, and a portrait of General Zaragoza adorns the stage where the mayor of Los Angeles delivers a speech in Spanish.
In recent years, there has been some backlash about the Cinco de Mayo holiday from some Mexican-Americans objecting to its cultural appropriation by whites and other non-Hispanic Americans. (The holiday only came to national consciousness in 1989 in a Cinco de Mayo-themed ad for the Mexican beer Corona). Today, almost every bar and Mexican restaurant in the U.S. has some kind of promotion for Cinco de Mayo and people will often don sombreros and fake mustaches to "get into the spirit" of the day.
"Along with the ubiquitous use of stereotype in Cinco de Mayo, the holiday only celebrates Mexican culture as a consumable culture: Mexico is a drink, a taco, the lime in the Corona.... The awareness of Mexican culture simply serves as a guise for people to get drunk on a Tuesday night," wrote essayist Feliks Garcia in 2015. Others point out it's OK to celebrate at a local Mexican restaurant — but it sure wouldn't hurt to bone up on the history of the holiday and on Mexican culture in general. But please, no sombreros or fake accents.
Cinco de Mayo celebrates the bravery and determination Mexican soldiers displayed in Puebla when they defeated French forces. It also commemorates Mexico's fight to ward off imperialist forces.
How is Cinco de Mayo celebrated in the U.S.?
Cinco de Mayo celebrations include carnivals, street fairs, parades, food, dancing and music. There might also be hot pepper or jalapeno-eating contests and Miss Cinco de Mayo pageants.
What does Cinco de Mayo mean?
Cinco de Mayo literally means the fifth of May in Spanish.
What are the traditions of Cinco de Mayo?
Cinco de Mayo is not a public holiday in Mexico, but it is observed there, most intensely in Puebla, where the actual battle took place. In Puebla, there is a reenactment of the battle. Men dress as French and Mexican soldiers and generals, and women wear the clothing of the soldaderos, the women who cooked for and looked after the soldiers in wartime.
What should I serve at a Mexican fiesta?
Three traditional dishes from Puebla to eat on Cinco de Mayo include mole poblano, chalupas, and chiles en nogada.
Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article:
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The Lawrence Journal recently said that the present was the first year of real solid, substantial prosperity Kansas had ever known, since it was the first time in the history of the State that its prosperity was based on something else than ephemeral or accidental causes.
There is a great deal of truth in this statement. We went down to hard pan during the disastrous years of 1873-74. Previous to that time the life of the State has been a succession of excitements. Kansas was the John the Baptist of the great civil war. During her territorial pupilage there was neither enduring or solid prosperity in her growth. Excitement, a sentiment, love of adventure – these and other kindred motives attracted people hither from all points of the country. During the war, Kansas progressed as a crab is popularly supposed to move, backwards. She had not as many inhabitants when the great struggle closed as when it commenced. Following the war Kansas grew with wonderful rapidity. The unsettled condition of the Southern States; the thousands of Northern soldiers returning to their old homes and finding their old places filled, and all the conditions of the old home life so changed that it was not only new and strange, but unsatisfactory to them; the great wars in Europe which speedily followed; the unstable and speculative tendency of the inflation period; the restlessness and love of excitement and change born of the war, and so strongly tincturing our body politic as to be a national characteristic for the time – all these conspired to populate Kansas with a hardy, brave, energetic, enterprising people, and keep her, to use a western phrase that is expressive, if not elegant, “booming” right along.
But the time came when the speculative era collapsed like a punctured soap bubble when the war fever and its excitement had worked out of the blood, and when men began to see that we must go back to the old ways and the old life, and that there, any how, were to be found the greatest happiness and the most enduring prosperity. With the dawn of this era, most unfortunately for Kansas, came first the drouth of 1873 and then the locusts and drouth of 1874. Either of these without the other would have hardly been felt as a serious calamity – succeeding each other, and blotting out the labor and the crops of two years, they were well nigh fatal to Kansas. No other State in the Union could have recovered from such a calamity in less than half a dozen years. Kansas was restored in one, and here on the dawn of the second year following this terrible calamity, drouth and locusts are only a memory. Old soldiers joke about their hardships and privations, of their campings, if indeed they remember the somber and trying ordeals of their experience in camp and field. They vividly recall the pleasant episodes of their soldier life, and remember with pardonable pride the glories of the great scenes now passed into history with which they were personally identified. Just so Kansas looks back upon the past, forgetting all that in dark and discouraging during the recent years of disaster, remembering with lively satisfaction the many years of fruitfulness and plenty, and glorifying in the wonderful beauty, fertility, and development of their State, in whose future greatness and prosperity they have the most implicit confidence.
And this confidence is fully justified. Kansas is a great young State, and will have a grand future. Her growth has been phenomenal. Her history is the most exciting drama of modern times. Her soil needs only to be “tickled with a hoe and it laughs with a harvest.” Her climate is healthful. Her resources and wealth have only begun to be developed. The countless millions of buffalo that once fed upon her beautiful prairies will soon be succeeded by countless millions of cattle and sheep. She has coal, and gypsum, and salt, and lead, and other minerals, and the deposits of these are enough to supply the markets of half the continent. Her crops of last year would feed a population of five million people. Her railroad system is more complete and extended than that of four-fifths of the States of the Union. West of Kansas is the richest mineral region on the continent – Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona – which will contain, within five years, millions of people engaged in mining and manufacturing industries. This population will be supplied with breadstuffs and other agricultural products by Kansas, because Kansas is their nearest and most direct granary of supplies. In less than a dozen years nearly every bushel of wheat and corn we raised in Kansas will shipped West, instead of East, because our nearest and best markets will be found in this rich mining region.
These facts are well understood and appreciated, and this is why every train arriving is loaded with immigrants for Kansas, and along every road leading hither are seen the white-topped wagons of movers to Kansas. Very few even of our own people know how great is the tide of irrigation pouring over our prairies. It is almost unprecedented, this exodus to Kansas from all parts of the country; and it is now growing larger every week. One of the most intelligent men in Southern Kansas told us a few days ago that the country in which he lived had at least one thousand people added to its population within two weeks.
We feel confident, in view of all the circumstances surrounding our situation that Kansas is about entering upon such an era of real abundant prosperity as she has never before known. Every indication promises this year the largest and finest harvest the State has ever reaped. There is hardly a doubt that we shall have the heaviest immigration, during the Centennial year, that ever poured into the State. Our Centennial exhibit at Philadelphia will attract general and deserved attention and very materially assist in directing capital and population to Kansas. Most of our railroads are preparing to advertise the resources of our State systematically and extensively and two of the lines terminating at this city, the Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe, and the Central Branch U.P. Companies, will be especially active in this work. There is, too, a better feeling among our people than we have known for years. They are hopeful and confident. They believe firmly in Kansas, they write and talk for the State. All of these things will tell. They will bring capital and people here. The Centennial year therefore promises to be a year of extraordinary prosperity and growth for Kansas. – The Atchison Champion. The Iola Register, Iola, Kansas. May 27, 1876. Page 1. © Transcribed by Darren McMannis for the Kansas Council of Genealogical Societies, Inc.
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Despite the fact that large language models (LLMs)-based AI chatbots are currently dominating the news thanks to the rapid surge in popularity of ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Meta's Llama, and Google Bard, this is a relatively minor piece of the overall AI landscape. Robotic hardware that uses sophisticated ways to either replace or aid people is another field that has been intensively investigated for years. Recently, Google revealed a new AI model that represents a development in this field.
Robotics Transformer 2 (RT-2) is Google's most recent AI model, and it has one very clear goal: telling a robot what you want it to do. It makes use of cutting-edge methods to accomplish this goal and is propelled by a special visual-language-action (VLA) that Google claims to be the first of its type. Even while earlier models like RT-1 and PaLM-E improved on boosting robot reasoning capabilities and ensuring that they learn from one another, the robot-dominated world depicted in science fiction films undoubtedly still looks to be a concept from the very far future.
By ensuring that robots fully comprehend their surroundings with little to no assistance, RT-2 seeks to close the gap between fiction and reality. Using a Transformer-based model, it learns about the environment using textual and visual information available on the web and then translates it into robotic actions, even on test situations where it hasn't explicitly been trained. In this way, it is conceptually very similar to LLMs.
In order to explain the possibilities of RT-2, Google has provided a number of use scenarios. An RT-2 powered robot, for instance, would easily be able to understand what trash is, how to distinguish it from other objects in the environment, how to mechanically move and pick it up, and how to dispose of it in the bin—all without having been specifically trained on either of these tasks.
Google has also released some RT-2 testing data that is rather amazing. In more than 6,000 trials, RT-2 demonstrated that it was just as good at "seen" tasks as its predecessor. More intriguingly, it performed nearly two times better in unseen circumstances, scoring 62% versus RT-1's 32%. Although the uses of such a technology appear to be very real already, it does take some time for it to mature because legitimate use-cases frequently necessitate thorough testing and even regulatory approval.
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The significance of the "lights" in Chanukah is...
It would be in the second century B.C. that the story of Judas Maccabee and a small force of Jews faced off against the occupying Syrian-Greeks who were attempting to force the people of Israel to accept the Greek culture and gods. The Greeks wanted the Israelis to give up the mitzvah and their belief in the One, True, God (Kahana, 2019).
In the village of Modiin the priest Mattityahu lived, when the Greeks erected an altar and demanded he offer a sacrifice to their gods, Mattityahu refused. When the Greek commander brought up a Hellenist priest, Mattityahu drew his sword and killed the false priest. His sons and friends then rushed the Greeks, chasing them off and killing several more (1 Mac 2:23-25). So began the revolt of the Maccabees (Mindel, 1965). Judas Maccabee, son of Mattityahu, led the revolt – but knowing the Greeks would come back seeking revenge, they hid in the mountains from which they conducted their attacks.
It would take three years for Judas Maccabee and his small force to chase the far superior Greek armies from the Holy Land. To accomplish this, they used guerilla warfare, attacking the Greeks at night and their only weapons were pitchforks and swords (Brewer, 2021). When the Maccabees liberated and cleared the temple of idols and when they went to light the menorah, there was only one cruse of blessed olive oil, sealed by the High Priest, Yochanan – only enough for one day and the process for blessing new oil takes 8 days. They lit the lamp and began the preparation of new oil – and the one lamp stayed lit for the entire eight days! (Mindel, 1965).
The scriptural reference for this account is found in 1 Maccabees 2-3.
The Jewish people were fighting for their very identity, Had the Syrian-Greeks prevailed, Jewish culture would have been obliterated. This renewal of the Jewish faith allows for their culture to prevail and lays the path for Jesus to be born a Jew, live as a Jew, and die as a Jew. In a sense, Christmas owes a debt to Chanukah! Certainly, had the Jews been defeated, God would have used a different means to bring the Messiah into the world – but He did not have to, because God allowed the Maccabees to be victorious some 200 years before Jesus was born.
Brewer, D. (2021). Hankukkah, The Festival of Lights. Life in Messiah. https://lifeinmessiah.org/feasts-hanukkah
Kahana, Y. (2019). What is Chanukah? A reminder that light can transform darkness. Jewish National Fund. https://www.jnf.org/blog/education/what-is-chanukah-a-reminder-that-light-can-transform-darkness
Mindel, N. (1965). Complete Story of Chanukah. Chabad.org https://www.chabad.org/holidays/chanukah/article_cdo/aid/102978/jewish/The-Story-of-Chanukah.htm
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Part 1 of this two-part series included gulls, crows, a merganser, a tern, an auklet, and a guillemot with their fish. Now we’ll take a look at fish caught by more of our expert local pescatarian, or fish-eating, feathered friends. We begin with the Great Blue Heron, who needs a few photos.
1. Lobefin Snailfish
Great Blue Herons are very successful pescatarians, though they also consume gophers, frogs, and many other animals. They spend a lot of their time hunting, often standing very still in shallow water. Their specially shaped neck vertebrae allow them to quickly strike and grab an unsuspecting fish. One day at Pt. Hudson, I was astonished to see this heron catch a huge fish, then swallow it whole, and immediately resume hunting for more fish! Thanks to a fish expert on iNaturalist, I learned this was a Lobefin Snailfish (Polypera greeni). I’ve found many bright yellow and pink two-inch snailfish in local tide pools, but this was the first time I’ve ever seen this much larger, rare species.
2. Great Blue Heron with Shiner Perch
A favorite fishing technique for our local Great Blue Herons is to stand on floating kelp. One morning when I was walking along Water Street in downtown Port Townsend, I noticed a heron staring intently at the water while perched on a tangle of bull kelp. I walked down to a dock to watch. Suddenly, it splashed its head into the water, and came up with a fish.
3. Shiner Perch
I focused in with my zoom lens, and saw the fish had yellow stripes. Looking into the water around the dock, I saw more of the same fish swimming in a school— Shiner Perch (Cymatogaster aggregata), a fish I recognized from volunteering at the Port Townsend Marine Science Center. Currently one of their tanks features something new, juvenile Shiner Perch bred captive right there. PTMSC reports, “Captive breeding is an important part of sustainability in public aquariums. These juveniles represent a big step forward in PTMSC aquarium operations!”
4. Great Blue Heron with Threespine Stickleback
You can almost always find Great Blue Herons doing some serious fishing at Kah Tai Lagoon and Chinese Gardens Lagoon. Thanks to the fish experts on iNaturalist, I learned that this heron caught a Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). The next photo shows some of the spines that give this fish its name.
5. Threespine Stickleback
I’ve been fascinated by Threespine Sticklebacks since reading a chapter in Seattle author Kelly Brenner’s Nature Obscura, where she explains why this fish is of interest to evolutionary biologists. As the ice retreated from the Salish Sea 14,000 years ago, armored (or plated) Threespine Sticklebacks living in the ocean moved into the Salish Sea, and then into freshwater lakes, where they evolved to become armorless.
6. Greater Yellowlegs with Threespine Stickleback
The Greater Yellowlegs, an elegant shorebird with bright yellow legs and a very long bill, also likes to catch Threespine Stickleback at Kah Tai Lagoon. The lagoon is a tidally flushed estuary of brackish water, and the lagoon and surrounding park attract over 150 bird species.
7. Common Loon with Flounder
One of my favorite birds is the Common Loon, a mostly pescatarian seabird, 80 percent of whose diet is fish. Common Loons are expert divers who can stay underwater for a full minute while chasing fish, propelling themselves long distances with their large feet. Often, they eat their catch underwater, but this loon at Pt. Wilson popped up with a large flat fish. After dropping it a couple of times, allowing me to snap a few photos, the loon swallowed it down— a Right-eye Flounder (Family Pleuronectidae), maybe a Sand Sole (Psettichthys melanostictus) or a Starry Flounder (Platichthys stellatus).
8. Osprey with Fish
The Osprey, another of my favorite birds, eats almost exclusively fish, flying up to 131 feet over the water to find a fish, then hovering, and diving feet first. From my kayak, I’ve seen them hover and splash down into Mats Mats Bay, where they used two enormous nests this summer (one crashed down in our recent storm). They almost fully submerge, and then clutch the fish with their giant talons, or claws. Raptors use their talons to carry things, like sticks for nest building, and to capture, kill, and transport their prey. Osprey usually carry fish facing forward, with both their bodies lined up. Unfortunately, this is my only photo of an osprey with a small fish, resting on a tree at Cape George.
9. Bald Eagle with Salmon
Our glorious Bald Eagles aren’t highly successful at catching fish, their favorite food, but they are quite skilled at stealing fish from other birds, even from Osprey, and even in mid-air. One day friends and I hiked from Lake Ozette to the coast. Just as we arrived at the last trees before the beach, a Bald Eagle came flying towards us clutching a headless salmon in its four sharp talons, three facing forwards and one back, like a thumb, for better carrying. I’ve always wondered what happened to the salmon’s head!
10. Bald Eagle Eating Sculpin
One day this month, a Bald Eagle flew over Chinese Gardens Lagoon, clutching another large fish with its talons. The eagle landed on the top of a Douglas Fir tree and immediately began tearing the fish into bite-size pieces with its talons. In this same area, I had once saw something black and white, spinning from the air to the ground, like a drone. I only realized it was two eagles when they landed on the ground and flew off. They had locked their talons in the air and spun to the ground, part of their courtship during pair formation.
11. Belted Kingfishers with Shiner Perch
The Belted Kingfisher has teeny feet with claws, not large talons. I’ve heard that they need clear water to see a fish. I love to watch them hovering, then diving straight down, and plunging headfirst into the water to catch a fish with their huge bills. Belted Kingfishers show what’s called reverse sexual dimorphism. When male and female birds look different, usually the male bird is showier than the female. But in the case of the Belted Kingfisher, she is more brightly colored, with rusty feathers across her belly. One day at the Cape George marina, two females argued over a Shiner Perch while perching, and jumping up and down, on a sailboat boom.
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Being short of cash can be a neat excuse for not getting healthy, especially when donuts are so cheap! But these 10 tips might snap you out of your malaise.
Buy from the freezer section. Because frozen fruit and veg are snap frozen, they can often be fresher than the “fresh” stuff. (Some supermarket produce sits in cold storage for ages.) And packets or tins are usually cheaper, especially when they’re on special. Use them in smoothies, stir fries, stews and soups.
Read your supermarket or fruit shop junk mail. Find out what’s on special and buy in bulk, whether it’s tins of tuna (line-caught please) or in-season vegies. Freeze what you can’t eat now – veg like tomatoes, kale, corn, berries and zucchini freeze well. Blanching or steaming first can preserve them for longer.
Shop online. Many retailers will deliver for free, from food to vitamins and supplements. Discount Health Foods is one example. And they always have deals, you just need to get on the newsletters.
Don’t buy bottled drinks. Carry a water bottle and keep it filled with tap water.
Grow your own vegies, herbs and salad greens It’s so satisfying to pick free food from your own backyard or balcony and a good crop can last for months. Many staples like lettuce, rocket and beetroots happily live in pots. Seeds are cheaper to grow than seedlings too – they just take longer.
Use the excess. A good tomato or zucchini crop is often too much for one household. Chop and freeze your vegies, bottle your own passata, freeze batches of soup. Or start a mini food co-op with friends and swap your produce.
Go to the grower’s market just before closing. That’s when stallholders start shouting their markdowns at you, which makes it cheap AND fun.
Try a new protein. Meat can be expensive. You can switch it out with eggs or lentils, dried or tinned beans. Who knows – you might end up a vego convert.
Use free apps. There are lots out there to support your healthy eating mission, including phone apps to help you better incorporate superfoods, make you alcohol aware, find new smoothie recipes, and tell you what fruit and veg are in season.
Have a meal plan. Planning a week’s worth of meals means you have a set shopping list so it means there’s less time wasted in the aisles, you only buy what you need for the week, plus you’re less tempted to eat out or buy takeaways.
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Developing Geographic Skills through Experiments: Implementing Experiments in Geography Classroom through GeoBoxes
Keywords:Geographic Skills; Geography Education Research; Curriculum Material; Design Based Research; Students’ Interests
Experiments are an important way of working in the geography classroom. They promote and require numerous geographic skills. At the same time, experiments are only used comparatively rarely in geography lessons in Germany. In order to increase the frequency of experiments in the classroom and to better exploit their potential, GeoBoxes have been developed. These can be borrowed by teachers and contain all materials and worksheets. In the article the steps of the development of the GeoBox are presented. In addition, the concept, which aims in particular at a cognitive activation of the students during experimentation, is presented. Accompanying research provides first indications that the GeoBox seems to be suitable to arouse especially the situational interest of the students.
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Online-Based Collaborative Learning: Economics Teaching Innovation in Higher Education
Keywords:Online-based collaborative learning, economics teaching, microeconomics, macroeconomics
The goal of this study is to assess student views regarding online-based collaborative learning in the context of economics classroom instruction. The term "collaborative learning" refers to learning that takes into consideration characteristics such as interaction with the subject matter, exploration, transformation, presentation, and reflection. The participants in this study were 221 undergraduate students who were enrolled in economics courses. The questionnaire was delivered through Google Forms, which served as the data collection method. The descriptive statistics were employed on the study instrument, which included as many as 53 questions, and the analysis was divided into five stages: the data distribution test, descriptive statistics, instrument validity and reliability, and hypothesis testing. Among the findings: the data is normally distributed, a large majority of students strongly agree with online-based collaborative learning, the instrument used passes the validity and reliability tests, and findings from hypotheses testing indicate that all five hypotheses were tested and found to be statistically significant. Future study options include the development of research variables and the use of associative statistics to analyze the data.
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How familiar are you with the components of your vehicle’s cooling system? For most car owner’s, their knowledge ends at the interior control system. You know how to turn it off and on to keep your car cool and comfortable. Beyond that, you probably aren’t sure about what the various components do or why they fail. Following is an overview from your auto repair shop in Madison, TN to familiarize yourself with this system.
If you have any questions about your cooling system or its operation, don’t hesitate to contact your local auto repair shop in Madison, TN for more information. Let’s take a look at the major components of the cooling system:
- The radiator: The radiator is a main component of your vehicle’s cooling system. This part is the heat exchanger—in other words, it is designed to exchange hot for cold. As coolant flows through the radiator, the radiator transfers heat from the coolant to the air that is blown through it by a fan.
- The radiator cap: This protective cap acts as a pressure valve. It includes a tank on each side to catch coolant fluid that overflows from the radiator. Its design allows this coolant to flow back into the radiator when the engine cools. During this cooling process, a vacuum is also created in the valve to protect against leaks.
- The hoses: These essential components carry the coolant through the cooling system. Hoses carry coolant through the radiator, through the engine and between the various parts.
- The thermostat: Your vehicle must adapt to extreme temperature levels both internally and externally. How can it do this? With the use of a thermostat. The thermostat controls the amount of coolant that flows through the engine. If the engine is cold, the thermostat limits the coolant flow. As the engine heats, it distributes coolant to maintain optimal temperatures.
- The water pump: This component partners with the thermostat and hoses to ensure coolant continues to flow through the vehicle. It pumps coolant through the hoses, to the radiator and to the engine block. It helps maintain a healthy temperature for the vehicle’s system. Belts and pullies are used to operate the water pump.
Why components fail
When it comes to coolant systems, the old saying rings true: nothing lasts forever. Over time, these components wear down. Common issues include coolant leaks in the radiator and hoses. The radiator cap may no longer create the appropriate vacuum seal. The thermostat may no longer properly detect the temperature.
While car repairs are inevitable, good maintenance can help keep repairs to a minimum. Partner with your auto repair shop in Madison, TN to properly maintain your cooling system. Regular inspections and replacements of old hoses can go a long way toward extending the life of your system.
To get the most out of your cooling system, contact the pros at Rivergate Muffler & Auto Repair. Our experienced team can answer any questions you have and partner with you to complete regular maintenance on your vehicle. Contact our friendly staff today!
Categorised in: Auto Repair Shop
This post was written by Writer
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To clear a plot in MATLAB, you can use the clf command. This command will clear the current figure window and remove any plotted data or graphics.
For example, if you have plotted some data using the plot function and want to clear the plot, you can use the following code:
x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 100);
y = sin(x);
% ... do some other calculations and plotting ...
clf; % clear the plot
After executing the clf command, the plot window will be cleared, and any previously plotted data will be removed.
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How do convection currents change the earth features?
According to Plate Tectonics convention currents in the mantle move large segments of the earth creating mountains, oceans, and continents
The theory is that convection currents in the mantle move the large blocks of crust known as plates. The movement of these plates change the earth features. When plates collide it forms mountains where no mountains previously existed. Oceans can be destroyed as ocean plates are forced under continental plates. Oceans are created as plates split apart.
Convection Currents are most likely responsible for all the changes in the major earth features.
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| 0.927703 | 121 | 4.21875 | 4 |
Definition of Marketing
Marketing is the whole of organizational activities that direct goods and services from the producer to the consumer or user to achieve business objectives and satisfy the wants and needs of current and potential customers. Marketing is the process of developing, pricing, distributing, and promoting goods and services that meet customers’ needs.
Marketing is a complicated set of activities using different marketing channels and marketing technics, to reach the customers and also potential customers. Marketing is the science and art of seeking, creating, and delivering value to meet the needs of a target market at a profit.
What are the Functions of Marketing?
Aditionally marketing is the act of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising. Marketing covers an extensive area that is included in almost all processes of a business or company and follows the processes. The marketer creates the short and long-term strategies of a firm.
Marketing undertakes many roles, including promoting the product, brand awareness, promotion of the product, increasing the market share, creating customer satisfaction, developing and changing the product or service, introducing new products or rearranging the product according to needs, creating distribution channels.
What is the difference between sales and marketing?
Notably marketing covers the process of the product to be delivered to the consumer from production to the consumer and after. Attracting the attention of the consumer to the product is one of the important tasks of marketing. Sales are the goal that marketing wants to achieve. The process of reaching the buyer of the products produced or offered is expressed as sales.
What is Marketing Mix?
The marketing mix, which is used to define the dominant elements of marketing, is based on the basic strategies that the relevant departments apply in order to manage their marketing activities healthily and sustainably. Answering the questions of what the 4Ps are and why they are important, the marketing mix is based on the function of marketing management and the benefit it will bring.
4Ps of Marketing
By introducing the concept of 4Ps, Philip Kotler, who summarized the marketing principles, answered the question of what is 4P as “the sum of the marketing tools used to follow the target market.”
1) Product: A product is something that is produced and put forward in line with needs or demands. The product you will sell can be tangible or intangible, goods or services. Before launching your product, it is important to know which market it will be in. It is essential to conduct market research and start production in line with the needs and demands.
2) Price: A crucial variable for the entire marketing strategy, price, is the customer’s willingness to pay for a product. If the price is too high, potential customers are lost; If it is too low, it will be difficult to make a profit. Competitors should be considered when determining the price. Price encompasses cost, profit, and value in customer perception.
3) Place: Location involves choosing where products will be offered for sale. The primary purpose of managing trade channels is to ensure that the product is delivered to the customer at the right time and place. It also includes decisions regarding the positioning and pricing of wholesale and retail outlets. E-commerce has radically changed the marketing concept of place.
4) Promotion: Promotion is any attempt to create sales awareness and increase interest in the product, such as all online or print advertising activities, events, or discounts. You may encounter activities such as public relations campaigns, advertisements, or social media promotions during this process.
The 7 Ps of Marketing: 3 additional items
A new generation of marketers recommend extending the 4 Ps of Marketing to include services:
5) People: The service involves direct interaction of providers and consumers, thus increasing the scope of subjectivity. Appearances, communication, appreciation, consumer interaction, behavior, and service attitude are important elements.
6) Physical Evidence: The atmosphere, layout, and design of the workplace can greatly affect the brand image.
7) Process: Standardized procedures are often adopted in policy, systems, and consumer engagement situations to create continuity in service delivery.
E-Commerce and Marketing
e-commerce gives companies the capacity to sell their products online to users using B2C, B2B, and any e-stores, that is, the ability to trade worldwide. Elimination of place and time limitations keeps e-commerce at its peak. E-commerce; It offers companies the opportunity to market products in a way that can go beyond the borders. In order to utilize these opportunities offered by e-commerce and reach more target audiences, digital marketing techniques have emerged and gradually shaped. There are lots of e-marketing techniques that can be used in the digital marketing category.
Marketing and Advertising
If marketing is a wheel, advertising is nothing but a spoke on that wheel. Marketing is a job that requires product development, market research, product distribution, sales strategy, public relations, and customer support. Marketing is essential at all stages of a business’s sales journey. In addition, marketing can be used on numerous platforms and points to define and communicate with target audiences, raise their voices and build brand loyalty over time.
What are Digital Marketing Techniques?
1) Social Media Marketing (SMM): Social media channels, which enable you to reach many users in a short time, mean potential consumer mass for companies. Social media marketing enables you to run your brand promotion, PR, and advertising campaigns by interacting with the target customer group interactively. SMM is the most effective digital marketing technique today.
2) Content marketing: Search engines carry the most useful, most effective, and most sought-after content to the top. In short, you should constantly update your website and social media channels with impressive and rich content.
3) Mobile marketing: Mobile use is much more common than computer or tablet use. For this reason, developing mobile applications suitable for mobile device access and focusing on mobile marketing brings brands one step ahead.
4) Email Marketing: Email marketing; is the delivery of advertisement content to the predetermined target audience via email. Users who are notified of innovations and discounts via email can stop receiving messages if they wish.
5) Affiliate Marketing: We can call affiliate marketing the more comprehensive version of the direct sales process on traditional marketing, which is made over the internet.
6) Influencer Marketing: The purpose of the infuser system is to develop when people who are followed by a large audience through social media channels try the products and share and recommend the results with their followers.
7) Search Engine Optimization (SEO): SEO can be defined as all of the processes carried out in order to rank the sites higher in the search engines with the optimization and improvement studies carried out on the sites for search engines.
8) Search Engine Marketing (SEM): It is a form of digital marketing based on the logic of advertising on search engines for your target audience with the keywords you want using a certain budget.
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://sovereign-md.com/marketing/
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| 0.941847 | 1,426 | 2.96875 | 3 |
ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION VISITING SCHOOL (AAVS)
This course was a multi-disciplinary exploration into the methods of creative and scientific field research with the specific aim of demystifying aspects of site, context and landscape. Participants collectively researched, designed and built an interactive pavilion that enhanced the public’s perception of water, soil, geology, flora and fauna while positively influencing and interacting with these diverse ecologies.
This 12 day workshop took place on-site at the Iowa Lakeside Lab, a permanent field research station and summer camp. Participants engaged with the physical and invisible ecologies of Northwest Iowa’s Great Lakes region using a variety of analogue and digital tools. We visited regional natural sites with field-researchers, consulting directly with local scientific experts and lab technicians. As a collaborative unit, we created hands-on explorations with local low-carbon, earthen/plant-based and repurposed materials, culminating in the construction of one final pavilion.
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<urn:uuid:1d9c83da-0faf-467f-9315-473e92fe8e06>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://spacesaloon.com/Design-Ecologies
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| 0.876969 | 211 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Imagine this… You’ve just landed in a Spanish-speaking country. The air is rich with the aroma of local food, the sounds of the Spanish language fill the air, and you’re bubbling with excitement. But here’s the deal—your life isn’t just going to be tapas and flamenco dances. You’ve got real-world stuff to manage, like bills, bank accounts, and maybe even some investments. That’s where financial terms in Spanish come into play.
You see, understanding banking terms isn’t just for accountants or Wall Street whizzes. It’s for you, me, and anyone who plans to navigate life in a Spanish-speaking country. From opening an account to understanding investment options, knowing the financial lingo can make your life infinitely easier. So, why not make your wallet just as fluent as you are? Prepare to expand your vocabulary beyond “por favor” and “gracias.” Ready? Let’s talk dinero!
Banking Terms in Spanish
In a Spanish-speaking world, banks are as ubiquitous as El Sol! But to engage in transactions smoothly, you need to familiarize yourself with banking terms in Spanish. And of course, there’s a place for “por favor” and “puedo hablar con” while communicating with bank officials.
|Estado de cuenta||Bank Statement|
|Tipo de cambio||Exchange Rate|
|Cuenta de ahorros||Savings Account|
|Cuenta corriente||Checking Account|
|Cuenta conjunta||Joint Account|
Opening a Bank Account in Spanish
When you’re new to a Spanish-speaking country or just want to get your finances sorted out in Spanish, you’ll want to know how to handle opening an account. Start with these phrases:
- ¿Puedo abrir una cuenta? – Can I open an account?
- Quiero abrir una cuenta de ahorros – I want to open a savings account.
- Necesito una cuenta corriente – I need a checking account.
- ¿Cuáles son los requisitos para abrir una cuenta? – What are the requirements to open an account?
Withdrawing Money in Spanish
Let’s expand that financial vocabulary, shall we? You know, it’s a beautiful thing when you walk up to an ATM and it understands you. No, we’re not talking about the machines gaining self-awareness; rather, you being aware of the right Spanish terms to make that cash transaction as smooth as butter!
|Retirar efectivo||Withdraw cash|
|Hacer una transferencia||Transfer money|
|Cajero automático||Automated Teller Machine (ATM)|
|Importe a retirar||Amount to withdraw|
|Retiro sin tarjeta||Cardless withdrawal|
|Límite de retiro||Withdrawal limit|
|Retiro mínimo / máximo||Minimum/maximum withdrawal|
|Recibo de Retiro||Withdrawal receipt|
Making Withdrawals and Finding ATMs in Spanish
This section has your back when it’s time to actually use your hard-earned money. From finding an ATM to making sure you can make a cardless withdrawal, these phrases have you covered:
- ¿Puedo retirar dinero, por favor? – Can I withdraw money, please?
- Quiero hacer un retiro sin tarjeta – I want to make a cardless withdrawal.
- ¿Puedo obtener un recibo de retiro? – Can I get a withdrawal receipt?
- Quiero retirar dinero. – I want to withdraw money.
- ¿Cuál es el límite de retiro? – What’s the withdrawal limit?
- ¿Dónde está el cajero automático más cercano? – Where is the nearest ATM?
Investment Vocabulary and Phrases in Spanish
Next on our journey through the financial terms in Spanish is the investment world. You don’t have to be a Wall Street expert to invest in a Spanish-speaking country. But some terms and phrases can help you navigate like a pro.
|Mercado de valores||Stock market|
|Bonos del gobierno||Government bonds|
|Tasa de interés||Interest rate|
|Fondos mutuos||Mutual Funds|
|Tasa de interés||Interest Rate|
|Asesor financiero||Financial advisor|
|Opciones de compra / venta||Call / put options|
|Valor nominal||Face value|
Investment Talk in Spanish
Ah, investments! The place where your money works for you, theoretically multiplying like rabbits. If you’re looking to grow your wealth in a Spanish-speaking country, these phrases should be on your radar:
- ¿Cuál es el rendimiento anual? – What’s the annual yield?
- Quiero diversificar mi portafolio de inversión – I want to diversify my investment portfolio.
- ¿Puedes explicarme las opciones de compra? – Can you explain the call options?
- Estoy interesado en bonos del gobierno – I’m interested in government bonds.
Consultations and Customer Service in Spanish
Sometimes you have questions that Google just can’t answer, and that’s when you need to talk to someone at the bank. Here are some phrases for those situations:
- ¿Esta tarjeta funciona aquí? – Does this card work here?
- ¿Puedo hablar con el gerente de la cuenta, por favor? – May I speak with the account manager, please?
- Por favor, ¿puedo hablar con un asesor? – Please, can I speak with an advisor?
DID YOU KNOW…?
Did you know that the world’s first bank was established in 1472 in Italy? Now, imagine handling your bank account there without knowing the language. Mind-boggling, right? So, let’s tackle the essential financial terms in Spanish, so you never feel lost in a Spanish-speaking country!
Understanding Fees and Charges in Spanish
Ah, fees! Those pesky little numbers that often come as surprises on our bank statements. Whether it’s a maintenance fee or a transaction charge, these are costs we usually prefer to avoid but rarely can. Yet, understanding what you’re being charged for can save you both confusion and cash down the line. Especially when dealing with a bank in a Spanish-speaking country, you’ll want to navigate this field with precision.
Here are phrases that can save your day, and maybe even a few dollars:
- ¿Cuánto cuesta la tarifa de mantenimiento? – How much is the maintenance fee?
- ¿Hay alguna tarifa por hacer una transferencia? – Is there a fee for making a transfer?
- Me cobraron una tarifa que no entiendo, ¿puede explicármelo? – I’ve been charged a fee I don’t understand, can you explain it?
- ¿Existe algún cargo por retiro en un cajero automático de otro banco? – Is there a fee for withdrawing money from another bank’s ATM?
- ¿Cuál es el cargo por sobregiro? – What is the overdraft fee?
You see, each fee or charge has its own Spanish term, just like they do in English. Knowing these terms can help you better navigate your finances in a new country and avoid any surprises when you get your bank statement. Plus, it’s empowering to know you can ask the right questions and challenge any charges that don’t make sense.
Alright, now you’re geared up to face the financial intricacies of the Spanish-speaking world. Are you feeling confident? You should be!
Why Learning Financial Terms in Spanish is a Smart Move
Let’s zoom out for a second. Learning a language isn’t just about ordering coffee or asking directions to the nearest museum, although those are handy. It’s about understanding a whole new world of opportunities! That includes banking terms in Spanish, Spanish financial terms, and yes, even the vocabulary for making investments.
The Cultural Context
When you dig deep into the language, you start understanding the cultural nuances. Words like ‘tarjeta de crédito’ (credit card) and ‘cuenta de ahorros’ (savings account) aren’t just vocabulary. They represent a whole way of dealing with finances that might differ greatly from your home country.
Improve Your Business Spanish
For the budding entrepreneurs and the jet-setting businessmen and businesswomen out there, knowing financial terms is crucial for effective communication. The phrases, the words, the terminology – it’s all part of Business Spanish. Mastering this could open doors to opportunities in Spanish-speaking countries.
Levels of Fluency in Spanish
Sure, you can be a casual speaker, but why stop there? Learning specialized terms related to banking and finance can take your language skills to new heights. We’re talking next-level fluency here, people!
Alright, buckle up, we’re landing this financial rocket ship! With this plethora of Spanish terms and phrases, you’re ready to navigate the intricate labyrinths of Spanish financial systems. Even if you don’t need all these terms right now, they’re superb additions to your vocabulary toolkit.
Remember: Spanish is spoken in 21 countries. That’s 21 opportunities to engage in unique financial environments. So why not seize the chance to excel? Get started with SpanishVIP. Our Dedicated Teachers are all geared up to offer a comprehensive learning experience. Start with a free 1:1 class or enjoy free 7 days of group classes!
Happy Banking and Investing! ¡Buena suerte!
Want to learn Spanish, fast?
Download our e-book, Easy Spanish Shortcuts, and learn your first 1,000 Spanish words in under a day!
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<urn:uuid:7ca766d2-5a8a-421f-88dd-a2b99356bbd9>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://spanishvip.com/vocabulary/financial-terms-in-spanish/
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en
| 0.736974 | 2,277 | 2.78125 | 3 |
I love speech therapy word lists! They are kind of my new obsession because they have seriously made my job easier. Word lists are easy to carry, have multiple uses and are wonderful for grab and go therapy. I have use these word lists for the past couple of years, but I wanted to share the 5 ways that I use speech therapy word lists (or picture lists).
How I Use the Word Lists In Speech
I give a copy of the word lists to older students and picture lists to younger students to place in their speech folders. They are able to use it during any session for prompts or cues. You can laminate them for the students, but I don’t (we all know that SLPs have enough to do). My students pull them out of their folders whenever they need them or when we are doing an open ended activity.
The word lists are perfect for sending home with students. Parents are often concerned at IEP meetings and want to help their children. Speech therapy word lists (or picture lists) can be easily hung on a fridge for quick homework or a daily reminder of their speech goals. I started giving them out at IEP meetings or just sending them home in the beginning of the year.
I have laminated my word lists and used them for progress monitoring! Using a dry erase marker, I am able to quickly check which words they are improving on and which ones need more work. I figure out the percentage, list it in their logs, erase my notes on the list and go onto the next student. I have done this monthly for a quick percentage. It only takes a few minutes to do!
I have shared my lists with my students’ teachers. It’s helpful for carryover and letting the teacher know what we are working on during speech therapy. Usually, the teachers are grateful to have this list on hand and use it often!
Open Ended Games & Mixed Groups
Speech therapy word lists are the BEST for mixed groups and when using open ended games. Each student has their own list and are able to quickly produce their words before taking their turn. No more waiting for me to figure out a few target words!
If you don’t have time to create your own lists, here are my suggestions (including a FREE SET)!
If you want an amazing, FREE set of Language Word Lists, simply CLICK HERE!
This set not only includes 21 sound lists, but also includes monthly themed lists for EVERY sound in all positions!
If you have younger students, picture lists are perfect! They come in color and b&w and are no prep!
Are you obsessed with speech therapy word lists too?
Free 28 Page Word Lists Set!
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<urn:uuid:0858bb7e-e01f-49f3-94d4-5ba5da066300>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://speechtherapyfun.com/2018/06/speech-therapy-word-lists.html
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en
| 0.964329 | 552 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Salit Specialty Rebar is a leading supplier of cut and pre-assembled stainless steel rebar and mesh.
History : Development of a Unique Alloyed Metal
The development of stainless steel has had a dramatic and beneficial effect on all aspects of society. This product was first created in England by Mr. Harry Brearley in August 1913, though the groundwork goes as far back as 1821.
What defines Stainless Steel?
What classifies steel as a stainless steel, as opposed to modified carbon steel, follows from the ASTM A941 (2010b) definition of a steel containing a minimum chromium content of 10.5 percent, and a maximum carbon content of less than 1.20 percent. The reinforcing bars commonly used today have a carbon content of less than 0.15 percent.
Stainless steel is composed of a mix of many alloys such as chromium, manganese, nickel, molybdenum and silicon which comprise over 30% of the content with the balance being iron.
How Stainless Steel works to resist Chlorides.
The corrosion resistance of stainless steel is attributed to the thin passive film that forms spontaneously on its surface in oxidizing environments if the steel has a minimum chromium content of approximately 10.5%. As the film adheres strongly to the metal substrate and protects it from contact with the surrounding environment, the electrochemical reactions that cause corrosion are effectively stopped.
If locally destroyed, for example by scratching, the film can ‘heal’ by spontaneously re-passivating in an oxidizing environment. Essentially, stainless steel remains stainless, or does not rust, because of the interaction between its alloying elements and the environment.
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<urn:uuid:61a876af-6c12-424e-acd6-f4b0d91c3954>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://stainlessrebar.com/stainless-resources/stainless-background/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679515260.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211143258-20231211173258-00699.warc.gz
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en
| 0.945616 | 346 | 3.296875 | 3 |
(Download this manuscript and discussion questions (PDF format, Word format) Today we are going to talk about forgiveness. Probably one of the most central concepts to the entire Christian faith. The very core of the message of Christianity is a restored relationship between the creator God and the capstone of his creation: mankind. The key to that restored relationship, restored fellowship, is the act of divine forgiveness of our sin and rebellion. That forgiveness was costly. God, the Father, gave…
Conflict in relationships seems unavoidable, but we don’t have to stay there. God offers wisdom and power to be peacemakers, which can include lovingly and gently confronting others for their sin, with the goal of restoring the relationship.
Conflict in relationships seems to come easy, but peace takes more effort through the power of God. Peace begins by humbly looking within our own hearts for our contribution to the conflict.
Finding conflict comes easy and is rooted in selfish desires. Making peace takes the grace of God and is rooted in a desire to glorify God and bring good to others. Blessing comes to those who strive for peace, for Jesus said, “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.”
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<urn:uuid:e0e951c6-4fd0-4180-8add-b4f882562d6a>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://stonebrook.org/sermon-series/resolving-conflict/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679515260.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211143258-20231211173258-00699.warc.gz
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en
| 0.964096 | 255 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The relationship between gender and performance using a web based mathematics learning environment
MetadataShow full item record
There has already been research on the difference between boys and girls while working with web based learning environments for mathematics education. Although various researchers have found significant differences in attitude towards mathematics and computer use, suggesting that boys have a more positive attitude, results on the difference in achievement while working with a web based mathematics learning environment have indicated no clear cut difference between boys and girls. This study examines the different problems that boys and girls face while working with a web based mathematics learning environment and the ways in which they try to solve these problems.
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<urn:uuid:76629a6f-936f-4970-bc98-ec13806c1ef0>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://studenttheses.uu.nl/handle/20.500.12932/19289
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en
| 0.954105 | 126 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Perfectionism in the Playroom
Perfectionism in the playroom shows up in a variety of ways. But beneath the need to be perfect sits a child’s uncertainty about themselves. The key to regulating this fear and anxiety is showing the child how to come back to who they truly are.
2:07 How does perfectionism show up in play?
3:40 Anxiety is often attached to perfectionism
4:30 Within anxiety is fear
5:35 Perfectionism is the strategy the child is using to be able to manage the anxiety and fear they are experiencing inside
6:05 Noticing language around perfectionism
7:30 This may be a result of a past experience where the nervous system was activated
8:00 Perfectionism may help the child regulate when fear arises
9:00 Supporting the child in staying with themselves
10:59 How can we help the perfectionist child co-regulate?
13:20 The Setup or the Offering, a Synergetic Play Therapy tenet
14:50 The therapist as the external regulator
15:30 How can we model to children?
18:00 Teaching the child to look in
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<urn:uuid:fdcdbd0d-544e-4fa6-85b7-8de789875a0b>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://synergeticplaytherapy.com/perfectionism-in-the-playroom/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679515260.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211143258-20231211173258-00699.warc.gz
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en
| 0.926746 | 243 | 2.90625 | 3 |
This story is part of a series about the evolution of money.
For many people, cryptocurrencies remain an enigma. We’re told by pundits that they’re risky, possibly present a financial bubble, and are accessible only to wealthy tech savants. But the reality is that cryptocurrencies are here because they fill a need. We need an alternative to the current global currency system. All of us–consumers, technologists, investors, regulators—understandably have many questions about cryptocurrencies: When will Bitcoin go mainstream? How long could it take for Facebook to make Libra commonplace? Will cash cease to exist?
Any technology goes through four core steps on the path to adoption: innovation, the entrance of risk takers, rejection by the establishment, and the eventual distribution of trust. Here’s how this framework applies to cryptocurrencies.
The first building block for mass adoption is the application of an existing technology to create an innovation. The initial work around cryptography and blockchain took place in 1991, with the intent to timestamp and verify digital documents. But the innovative application of that technology as the blockchain for a cryptocurrency ledger didn’t happen until 2008, when Bitcoin emerged. Libra was announced by Facebook nearly a decade later.
Innovations only develop momentum if they achieve the most critical purpose of technology: saving time and/or money for users. Blockchain has potential to reduce the friction and cost of transactions, despite obstacles posed by national borders and entrenched financial intermediaries. This is a powerful combination.
2. Entrance of risk takers
There’s a reason so much money is flowing into fintech. The global payments system processes $50+ trillion every year, so it’s no surprise that venture funding for fintech companies surged 120% last year.
Risk takers often serve as the eyes and ears for emerging trends, but an explosion of investment into cryptocurrencies underscores the realization that they save time and money. We’re at a crossroads. The financial establishment needs to make hard decisions about how much loss in revenue it is willing to accept in order to either get on this train or fight it, in what is likely to be an uphill battle.
3. Rejection by the establishment
When you hear the White House and the Fed dismiss cryptocurrencies, it’s understandable. Why would the Fed support an innovation that raises the prospect that the U.S. dollar could lose its safe haven status? Why would major financial institutions want to accept a world in which they have a diminished role? While major institutions like Visa, PayPal, and others have joined Facebook’s Libra association, some are already treading lightly—hoping cryptocurrencies’ potential turns out to be less than it seems.
The strength of the establishment’s resistance is perhaps the best indicator of any innovation’s potential. There are many recent examples: production studios dismiss Netflix, tech bellwethers question Facebook, or Blackberry blows off Apple. A common component is that incumbents don’t acknowledge their business model is in jeopardy. But the innovation’s inherent time and cost savings typically drives adoption anyways. Consider how Uber won over regulators in NYC thanks to public support. Cryptocurrencies should eventually be no different.
4. Distribution of Trust
This is by far the longest and most challenging aspect of getting any technology widely adopted. It’s not the people funding it who need to trust it, but rather the everyday user. This is even more important for currencies, where trust is the defining characteristic. It’s this trust element that should eventually give Libra the edge over Bitcoin. Here are our thoughts on each:
Bitcoin: The digital currency is roughly analogous to gold. It offers two similar advantages: a fixed supply, and anonymity for the holder. Like gold, only so much Bitcoin can be mined, and the market dictates its value based on supply and demand. And the anonymity it provides is a tremendous asset in today’s security- and privacy-sensitive world.
But the security Bitcoin provides precludes counterparty transparency. Not knowing who’s on the other side of any transaction—or the likelihood of them honoring the terms of any deal—presents risk. Bitcoin also falls short of what the market desires most: predictability in a store of value. The time users spend dealing with these shortcomings reminds us of the inefficiency presented by country-specific currencies. Bitcoin has security positives, but its use is likely to be limited, at least for the time being.
Libra: Historically, trust in a currency is established over time, through being backed by some sort of known assets—typically commodities or precious metals. The beauty of Libra is that its inventors promise it will be backed by a basket of different bonds from different countries. This diversification should protect users from country-specific political risk and resulting valuation swings. As a result, Libra would have the characteristics of past successful currencies. It will offer consistent value and transactional transparency, while removing many of the limitations of our current currency system.
The beneficiaries of the current system realize this and will challenge it. The opponents range from the global financial institutions that stand to be disrupted, to governments, which stand to lose power and control. At the moment, Libra is only an idea, and one that’s getting so much resistance from the existing establishment that nobody knows whether it will ever really get off the ground. But something like it eventually will. Ultimately, Libra carries the trust characteristics necessary for adoption. And trust matters above all else.
Based on the history of monetary evolution, we’re just beginning this process. Numerous solutions will emerge, and we may not yet even have seen the one that will win. But the genie is out of the bottle. So while the final solution may take a long time to emerge, there’s no going back.
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As the largest consumer of fuel across the U.S. federal government the USAF aims to increase operational energy efficiency while continuing to ensure mission success
The U.S. Air Force (USAF) found out that the F-22 can save fuel by flying faster on ferry flights during an experiment carried out on Aug. 13.
Two groups of F-22s have completed their training at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska and were flying back home to Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii. They were accompanied by a pair of KC-10s.
The 618th Air Operations Center had predicted back in 2014 that flying faster could save total fuel consumption and flight hours and thus the two groups were assigned to test out the theory.
As explained by Corrie Poland, Air Force Operational Energy, in the article Could flying faster save the Air Force fuel?, at the end of the five-hour flight, the group that flew faster “was able to cut about ten percent off the total flight time and six percent of the fuel required for this type of aircraft re-deployment.”
“It’s important to preserve our resources,” says Capt. Dan Thompson, F-22 pilot and the flight lead.
“Good training is an absolute necessity for our combat capability, so preserving resources and hours on the airplane gives us the ability to invest those [hours] in training opportunities and time back home,” Thompson said.
“Last year about 1250 Air Force fighter aircraft were deployed/redeployed in this manner,” said Roberto Guerrero, Air Force deputy assistant secretary for operational energy. “Smart execution like this not only saves us operational costs, but more importantly, preserves time on the aircraft for higher value sorties like combat and training”.
As the largest consumer of fuel across the U.S. federal government, spending nearly $5 billion annually, the Air Force aims to increase operational energy efficiency while continuing to ensure mission success. The next step is to apply this method across other fighter platforms.
“When it comes to operational energy, it’s important to be as efficient as possible, allowing us to maximize the number of fighters we move and saving both the government and the taxpayer money while doing it,” said Lt. Col. Russell Johnson, delivery control officer from the Air Operation Squadron at Air Combat Command Headquarters.
Photo credit: Tech. Sgt. Ryan Crane and Tech. Sgt. Jason Robertson / U.S. Air Force
Artwork courtesy of AircraftProfilePrints.com
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It is believed that ice skates first appeared 5,000 years ago. They were invented by the Finns and made of animal bones. Later they became wooden and metal. Since those times, many sports where athletes use skates have appeared, including figure skating, which today is a fan favorite and a spectacular sport that is loved by many.
We at The Elite Indian know that it’s hard and even dangerous to be a professional athlete. But these 10 facts about figure skating astounded us.
1. Female skaters “buy” partners for pair skating.
There are about 100 female skaters for every male skater, that’s why searching for a partner oftentimes turns into a real hunt. Girls are ready to do anything to get the perfect partner. Thus, some of them offer money to male athletes to pay for their training and equipment, which can actually cost a lot.
2. Figure skaters can inhibit dizziness.
Athletes perform complex moves that involve bending over and throwing their heads back. If an ordinary person were to get into this position, their body would get dizzy and fall over. According to researchers, new neurons are formed in the cerebellum of figure skaters that don’t allow these types of reactions.
Multiple spins around an axis don’t seem to cause any discomfort for these athletes. In reality, they still have some dizziness, but it’s not that strong. When an ordinary person spins and stops, their brain thinks that the movement is still happening. The thing is that a part of the vestibular apparatus is located in the inner ear and is filled with fluid. Even when we stop spinning, the fluid continues to move by inertia, misleading the brain and causing dizziness. Figure skaters manage to develop the ability to suppress this reflex after many years of practice. Also, a lot depends on their line of sight. When they stop spinning, athletes try to focus their eyes on one spot. In order to learn how to move their eyes correctly, skaters undergo special training.
3. They get fewer points for the wrong costumes.
You are unlikely to see 2-piece female costumes during serious competitions. They only choose dresses because naked bellies are forbidden by the rules during performances. If a skater breaks them, they could lose several points. In addition, the athlete’s dress should not be defiant and overly open. These rules apply to the neckline (by the way, a deep neckline is forbidden for men too), and to the length and the shape of the skirt. In 1988, skater Katarina Witt embarrassed the judges with her outfit that they considered too theatrical and open. After that, a new rule called “Katarina’s rule” was approved. According to it, the skirt of a female skater should cover the hips and the crotch.
4. A piece of the costume that falls off can become critical.
The costume should still be beautiful and bright. Usually, both female and male costumes are decorated with beads, sequins, or rhinestones. Even these adornments are strictly regulated by the rules — all of these elements should be properly fixed onto the garment. Any fallen button or rhinestone can cost an athlete several points, because even a small thing can complicate the performance of the competitors on the ice. That is why it is extremely rare for skaters to choose outfits with feathers or fringe. It’s also due to these reasons that they refuse to wear various accessories and hair grips.
5. Ballet and gymnastics lessons are obligatory.
Figure skater training doesn’t always take place on the ice — a huge amount of time is devoted to ballet and gymnastics. It’s all because figure skating is tightly connected with these disciplines. In addition, some coaches insist that their trainees do yoga and Pilates.
6. They are not allowed to jump a lot at competitions.
It might seem that a figure skater can do more jumps and earn more points. But the rules only allow 7 elements in the air. Moreover, not all of the somersaults are permitted, which also limits the athlete.
7. Gloves are not just for looks.
This element is usually a part of the image and complements the costume. But gloves also have a practical function — they protect the hands of the athletes from cuts and wounds if they have to touch the ice with their hands.
8. They are not allowed to perform anything in a lying position.
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⛸ Моя новая показательная программа, поставленная @daniil_gleikhengauz под музыку М83 -Outro, посвящается памяти прекрасной Людмилы Борисовны Шалашовой, которая так много сделала для меня ❤. "Она не ушла, а переродилась во что-то прекрасное, связанное с природой, и жизнь продолжается" 🌱☀️ ⛸ My new exhibition program by @daniil_gleikhengauz (music M83- Outro) is dedicated to the memory of Ludmila Shalashova who made a significant impact to my development and she will always be with us 🌱☀️ ⛸ @daniil_gleikhengauzによる私の新しいエキシビジョンプログラムは、私の成長に大きな影響を与えたLudmila Shalashova ❤ に捧げられ、彼女は常に私たちと共にいます！🌱☀ #фигурноекатание #figureskating #フィギュアスケート #exhibition #newprogram #newlife #teamtutberidze
Skaters cannot rest on their hands after a jump, or end their routine by standing on their 2 knees. In addition, official competitions forbid crawling or lying on the ice. These rules were not there before and athletes used to be able to use their imagination to the fullest.
9. It’s not only stuffed toys that are thrown on the ice.
Earlier, fans used to give flowers to their favorite athletes. However, the flower petals left on the ice became a real disaster — they covered most of the ice and required a lot of time to be cleared. That’s when inventive fans decided to shift to stuffed toys. Still, even today we can see bouquets wrapped in plastic bags or film, as well as other presents on the ice. For example, in 2015 Gracie Gold got a huge stuffed bear that had Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups in its backpack.
10. Figure skaters have to select their undergarments carefully.
When performing the more difficult moves, a female skater needs to be confident that her costume won’t move. That’s why the comfort of the bottom part of the costume is quite a delicate topic that is given a lot of attention. Athletes carefully select their underwear, the presence or absence of which should in no way reveal itself. As a rule, the bottom part of the costume is sewn into the tights. For better fixation, some athletes use hairspray.
Do you like figure skating? Do you know any other interesting facts about this sport?
Preview photo credit Xinhua News / East News
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Kaylyn Boccia, Staff Writer
“No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance…” Without the passing of these words 41 years ago, women’s lives would not be the same today. This amendment, called Title IX, was passed in 1972, giving women equal rights in all schools, specifically the area of athletics.
Today it is normal to see representation of both women’s and men’s teams for each sport, in all schools, as well as professionally, but that was not always the case. Before the signing of Title IX by Richard Nixon, women had many different rules than men that they were required to follow, as well as many sports they couldn’t participate in.
Women’s athletic scholarships did not exist before this amendment. In 1973, the University of Miami awarded the first athletic scholarships to a woman. Today, college women receive about one-third of all athletic scholarship dollars. Currently, more than 100,000 women are a part of intercollegiate athletics, which is an indescribable increase since 1972. Also in 1972, only 7.5 percent of women were high school athletes. Just over 20 years later in 1996, that number had increased to about 39 percent. This growth in women’s athletics invalidated the fundamental belief that women weren’t interested in, or could ever play sports. Initially there was a fear that the passing of Title IX would affect men’s athletics. Because of this, some looked for ways to limit the impact of this amendment. However, these skeptics eventually were not able to stop the inevitable, and women began to gain equal representation in athletics.
Talented females such as Danica Patrick, Martina Navratilova, Lisa Leslie and Mia Hamm would not be who they are today without Title IX. These women, as well as many others, are able to showcase their talent, and make a living off of it, just like men have been doing for so long. Along with professional athletics, women are also represented in the Olympics. In 1984 Cheryl Miller, a member of the Olympic basketball team, after winning a gold medal said, “Without Title IX, I’d be nowhere.”
Almost all professional athletes begin their careers as young children and continue through college. During these years, their talents are perfected and their love for the sport ingrained. Without the ability to play sports in college, and receive scholarships, women would not be able to have such successful careers in athletics, or just simply enjoy a sport they love competitively.
Here at SUNY Oneonta we currently have ten women’s athletic teams, all of which are taken seriously and recognized as equally as our male sports teams. Because of Title IX, females attending Oneonta, as well as other universities and schools, no longer have to suffer financial inequality to men, nor can they be denied the right to strive in athletics strictly because of their gender. Today when it comes to sports media coverage, such as ESPN, MSG and NBC sports, males still dominate, which is mostly related to demographic factors. However, with continued changes always in our future, the world of sports media coverage may too one day transform.
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The blog I’m writing for is called “Food With High Protein and Fiber,” and it’s run by an anonymous nutritionist who provides information on healthy eating. She has a large audience, with over 30% of her site visitors coming from outside the United States. She uses content marketing to build relationships with her audience through providing useful information in an entertaining style.
Once I researched her site, I came up with a list of topics that seemed like they would be helpful for the majority of her readers. The list included: articles about how to incorporate more protein and fibre into your diet, how to tell if you’re getting enough fibre in your diet, and how to use high-fibre foods to aid weight loss.
Food With High Protein And Fiber
What we think of as “protein” is actually a large category of molecules. They give structure and support to your cells and are necessary for immune function, movement, chemical reactions, hormone synthesis, and more (1Trusted Source).
They’re all made up of tiny building blocks called amino acids. Nine of these are considered essential, meaning your body needs them but can’t make them on its own, so you need to get them in your diet (2Trusted Source).
How much protein you need to consume per day depends on factors like your:
- body size
- activity levels
- pregnancy status
Some people need more protein than others. However, it’s important that everyone get optimal amounts of protein for them by eating protein-rich foods regularly.
Not only is protein essential for your health, but it’s also the most filling macronutrient. Consuming it can keep you feeling full and satisfied, which supports a healthy body weight (3Trusted Source).
The current recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein is set at 0.36 grams of protein per pound of your body weight (0.8 grams per kg). Keep in mind that this reflects the minimum amount of protein required to meet your body’s needs (4Trusted Source).
However, most active people, older adults, and people who are pregnant or breastfeeding require much more than that.
For example, experts suggest that physically active people need 0.54–0.9 grams of protein per pound of body weight (1.2–2 grams per kg) per day (4Trusted Source).
Fortunately, hitting your protein requirements can be easy if you include plenty of protein-rich foods in your diet.
Here are 16 delicious foods that are high in protein.
Whole eggs are among the most nutritious foods available.
They’re a good source of protein that’s easy to absorb, and they’re also an excellent source of vitamins, minerals, healthy fats, and antioxidants.
For example, whole eggs are packed with selenium and vitamins B12 and A. They’re also rich in choline, a nutrient that’s especially important during pregnancy and breastfeeding because it plays critical roles in growth and development (5Trusted Source).
Keep in mind that egg whites are almost pure protein, but whole eggs that include the yolk provide many more nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and healthy fats.
If you’re concerned about the cholesterol in egg yolks, it’s important to note that lots of research has debunked the idea that they’re bad for you.
On the contrary, many studies have shown that whole eggs are incredibly healthy for most people and may actually help prevent chronic diseases (6).
One large egg (50 grams) provides 6.3 grams of protein (5Trusted Source).
Almonds are a nutritious tree nut rich in essential nutrients like fiber, vitamin E, manganese, and magnesium (7Trusted Source).
They’re also high in plant-based protein.
Eating almonds may benefit your health in several ways, including by lowering heart disease risk factors like high LDL (bad) cholesterol and high blood pressure (8Trusted Source, 9Trusted Source).
Try adding some almonds to plant-based meals, like grain bowls and salads, for a boost of filling protein and fiber.
If you’re looking to add more nuts to your diet, also consider pistachios and cashews. Both of these healthy nuts are also packed with protein.
One ounce (28.35 grams) of almonds provides 6 grams of protein (7Trusted Source).
Other high protein nuts include pistachios, which deliver 5.73 grams per 1-ounce (28.35 gram) serving and cashews, which contain 4.34 grams of protein per 1-ounce (28.35-gram) serving (8Trusted Source, 9Trusted Source).
3. Chicken breast
Chicken breast is an excellent choice if you’re trying to bump up your protein intake. In addition to protein, chicken provides a variety of B vitamins, plus minerals like zinc and selenium (10Trusted Source).
Chicken breast is also very versatile and easy to cook. It can taste delicious in a wide range of dishes.
Try adding sliced chicken breast to salads, stir-fries, and soups to make these dishes more filling.
One half of a chicken breast (86 grams) provides 26.7 grams of protein (10Trusted Source).
4. Cottage cheese
Cottage cheese is a type of cheese that is low in fat and calories, yet high in protein.
It’s rich in calcium, phosphorus, selenium, vitamin B12, riboflavin (vitamin B2), and various other nutrients (11Trusted Source).
Plus, research suggests that cottage cheese is just as filling as eggs, making it an excellent choice for a satisfying meal or snack (12Trusted Source).
For example, you can pair it with cut-up fruit for a high protein breakfast on the go.
One cup (226 grams) of cottage cheese provides 28 grams of protein (11Trusted Source).
Other high protein cheeses include cheddar cheese, which provides 3.96 grams of protein per 17-gram slice, and mozzarella, which provides 6.29 grams of protein per 1 ounce (28.35 grams) (12Trusted Source, 13Trusted Source).
5. Greek yogurt
Greek yogurt, also called strained yogurt, is a very thick type of yogurt that’s high in protein.
It has a creamy texture and is a good source of many nutrients like calcium, vitamin B12, vitamin A, selenium, and zinc (14Trusted Source).
Its slightly tart flavor pairs well with both sweet and savory dishes, making it a versatile kitchen ingredient. Try adding Greek yogurt to smoothies, soups, salad dressings, and baked goods, or just enjoy it with a bit of fruit and a sprinkle of crushed nuts for crunch.
When you’re buying Greek yogurt, opt for products that have no sugar added.
One 7-ounce (200-gram) container provides 19.9 grams (14Trusted Source).
Other yogurt products that are high in protein include unsweetened low fat yogurt, which provides 11.9 grams of protein per 8-ounce (227-gram) container, and kefir, which provides 9.21 grams of protein per 1 cup (243 mL) (15Trusted Source, 16Trusted Source).
Dairy milk contains a little of nearly every nutrient that your body needs.
It’s a good source of high quality protein, and it’s high in vitamins and minerals, like calcium, phosphorus, and riboflavin (vitamin B2) (17Trusted Source).
Many people with lactose intolerance can’t tolerate milk and other dairy products, and they avoid many dairy-containing foods (18Trusted Source).
Fortunately, there’s a variety of lactose-free products now on the market, including lactose-free milk, cheeses, and yogurts.
Nondairy milk alternatives, like cashew milk and coconut milk, can be a good substitute for milk in many cases, but they’re usually much lower in protein and don’t contain the same nutrients.
If you drink dairy milk, including lactose-free milk, it can be a good choice to increase your protein intake.
One cup (246 mL) of dairy milk provides 8.32 grams of protein (17Trusted Source).
Lentils are among the richest sources of plant-based protein you can eat, making them an excellent choice if you’re following a vegetarian or vegan diet.
Plus, they’re loaded with other nutrients too, including fiber, folate, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper, and manganese (19Trusted Source).
Studies show that people who regularly consume lentils and other legumes have a lower risk of developing health conditions like heart disease and fatty liver disease (20Trusted Source, 21Trusted Source).
One hundred grams (about 1/2 cup) of cooked lentils provides 9.02 grams of protein (19Trusted Source).
Other high protein legumes include chickpeas, which provide 7.05 grams of protein per 100 grams cooked, and black beans, which provide 8.86 grams of protein 100 grams cooked (22Trusted Source, 23Trusted Source).
8. Lean beef
Lean beef is a rich source of protein. It’s also high in bioavailable iron, zinc, selenium, and vitamins B12 and B6 (24Trusted Source).
Red meat can be a part of a healthy diet, but it’s best to moderate your intake. Consuming high amounts of red meat has been linked to a higher risk of developing certain health conditions, including colorectal cancer (25Trusted Source).
Try cutting back on red meat and eating plant-based protein, fish, and poultry more frequently.
A 3-ounce (85-gram) serving of lean beef provides 24.6 grams of protein (24Trusted Source).
Fish is an excellent source of protein and provides a number of important vitamins and minerals, like iodine, selenium, and vitamin B12 (26Trusted Source).
People who include a lot of fish in their diet tend to have a lower risk of health conditions like heart disease and type 2 diabetes (27Trusted Source, 28Trusted Source).
Plus, fatty fish like salmon and herring are high in omega-3 fats, which have powerful benefits for your overall health, including supporting heart health (29Trusted Source).
All types of fish are high in protein. For example, half a salmon fillet (124 grams) provides 30.5 grams of protein, while a cod fillet (180 grams) provides 41 grams of protein (30Trusted Source, 31Trusted Source).
We think of quinoa as a grain, but it’s actually a seed, which is why it’s categorized as a pseudocereal. Quinoa is very popular in the wellness world.
It’s rich in fiber, folate, copper, iron, and zinc, and it’s higher in protein than many grains (32Trusted Source).
Quinoa is often referred to as a complete protein because it contains all nine of the essential amino acids that your body can’t make on its own. However, it actually contains insufficient amounts of certain amino acids, like lysine (33Trusted Source).
For this reason, experts argue that quinoa should be considered a “nearly complete” protein (33Trusted Source).
This may be of interest to you if you’re following a vegetarian or vegan diet and looking to make sure you’re getting all nine essential amino acids.
Regardless, quinoa is a good source of protein and is delicious in dishes like grain bowls, soups, and porridges.
One cup (185 grams) of cooked quinoa provides 8 grams of protein (32Trusted Source).
11. Protein powders
When you’re pressed for time and unable to prepare a meal, protein powder can come in handy.
You can easily add protein powders like whey and pea protein to shakes, smoothies, energy balls, yogurt, and more to increase the protein and fullness factor.
There’s a protein powder for nearly every taste preference and dietary restriction.
Pea protein and whey protein are both excellent choices for those looking for a convenient way to increase their protein intake.
Whey protein powder provides about 16.6 grams of protein per scoop (28.6 grams), while pea protein provides 15 grams of protein per scoop (20 grams) (34Trusted Source, 35Trusted Source).
Note that the protein content per scoop differs between products, even when the scoop size is the same. Check the label of the products you’re interested in for their specific protein content.
12. Ezekiel bread
Ezekiel bread is different from most other breads.
It’s made of organic and sprouted whole grains and legumes, including millet, barley, spelt, wheat, soybeans, and lentils.
Compared with other breads, like white bread, Ezekiel bread is high in protein, fiber, and various important nutrients.
Try making a protein-rich sandwich by topping Ezekiel bread with turkey, lettuce, tomato, and a bit of hummus.
One slice (60 grams) of Ezekiel bread provides 6 grams of protein (36).
13. Pumpkin seeds
Pumpkin seeds are incredibly delicious and highly nutritious.
For example, they’re a great source of minerals like iron, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc. Plus, they’re loaded with plant-based protein and fiber (37Trusted Source).
Try adding pumpkin seeds to salads, baked goods, oatmeal, or yogurt, or mix them with unsweetened dried fruit and almonds for a convenient snack.
A 1/4 cup (29.5 grams) of pumpkin seeds provides 8.8 grams of protein (37Trusted Source).
Other high protein seeds include sunflower seeds, which provide 7.25 grams per 1/4-cup (35-gram) serving, and flax seeds, which provide 7.5 grams of protein per 1/4-cup (42-gram) serving (38Trusted Source, 39Trusted Source).
14. Turkey breast
Turkey breast is similar to chicken breast in many ways.
It consists mostly of protein, with very little fat and a low number of calories. It’s also high in a number of vitamins and minerals, including selenium, zinc, and vitamins B12 and B6 (40Trusted Source).
Turkey breast is delicious on salads and sandwiches, and you can also add it to soups and grain dishes to increase the protein content of your meals.
A 3-ounce (85-gram) serving of turkey provides 25.6 grams of protein (40Trusted Source).
Shellfish, including shrimp, oysters, clams, and scallops are excellent sources of protein.
Plus, shellfish contain healthy fats and a number of vitamins and minerals, including selenium, zinc, vitamin B12, and iron (41Trusted Source).
All types of shellfish are high in protein. You can enjoy them in recipes like salads, pastas, and stir-fries.
A 3-ounce (85-gram) serving of cooked clams provides 21.8 grams of protein, while the same serving of shrimp provides 20.4 grams of protein (41Trusted Source).
16. Peanuts and peanut butter
Although people commonly think of peanuts as nuts, they’re actually legumes.
Peanuts and peanut butter are packed with nutrients, like protein, folate, magnesium, and vitamin E (42Trusted Source).
Eating peanuts and peanut butter may help make you feel full due to their high protein content. In fact, studies show that adding peanut butter to a high carb meal may help reduce blood sugar spikes after the meal (43Trusted Source).
For example, putting peanut butter on a slice of bread can help you feel more satisfied and may help keep your blood sugar more stable after you eat.
A 1-ounce (28.35-gram) serving of peanuts provides 7.31 grams of protein, while a 2-tablespoon (32-gram) serving of smooth peanut butter provides 7.2 grams of protein (42Trusted Source, 44Trusted Source).
Getting enough protein on a daily basis is essential for health.
People’s protein needs vary. However, experts recommend most active people consume 0.54–0.9 grams of protein per pound of their body weight (1.2–2 grams per kg) per day (4Trusted Source).
Fortunately, there are many high protein foods to choose from, including animal and plant-based sources.
Try adding a few of the high protein foods on this list into your diet to help meet your daily needs.
Just one thing
Try this today: Experiment by adding a source of protein to every meal and snack to make sure your food is as filling as possible.
For example, pair an apple with a spoonful of natural peanut butter, or add some beans and a hard-boiled egg to your salad.
high fiber foods list
Getting your fill of fiber can seem tough, especially if you’re not in the mood for vegetables. But did you know popcorn has fiber? Keep reading for more high-fiber foods that you’ll actually want to eat
Lentils and other beans are an easy way to sneak fiber into your diet in soups, stews and salads. Some beans, like edamame (which is a steamed soy bean), are even a great fiber-filled snack.1 There are 9 grams of fiber in a half-cup serving of shelled edamame.1 A bonus? All of these provide a source of plant protein, too.2 Some bakers have even started including beans or bean flours in their baked goods, which research suggests can still make quality cakes.3
This veggie can get pigeonholed as the fiber vegetable. Its cruciferous nature—meaning it’s from the Brassica genus of plants along with cauliflower, cabbage and kale—makes it rich in many nutrients in addition to fiber.4 Studies have shown that broccoli’s 5 grams of fiber per cup can positively support the bacteria in the gut, which may help your gut stay healthy and balanced.5, 6
Berries get a lot of attention for their antioxidants, but they’re full of fiber, too. Just a cup of fresh blueberries can give you almost 4 grams of fiber, and there is nearly the same amount of fiber in a cup of frozen unsweetened blueberries.7 Blackberries, strawberries and raspberries are also great sources of fiber.8 Of course, one of the biggest benefits of berries is that they’re naturally low in calories, too.9
Avocados pretty much go with everything—toast, salads, entrees, eggs—and while they’re often recognized for their hefty dose of healthy fats, there are 10 grams of fiber in one cup of avocado (so just imagine how much is in your guacamole).10
There’s one gram of fiber in one cup of popcorn, and the snack (when natural and not covered in butter, like at the movies) is a whole grain that can satiate cravings with a hit of fiber.11 It’s even been called the King of Snack Foods.12
6. Whole Grains
Good news for bread lovers: Real whole grains, found in 100% whole wheat bread, whole wheat pasta, brown rice, and oats, have fiber.13, 14, 15 One tip to watch out for: as required by The Food and Drug Administration, whole grains should be the first ingredient on a food package in order for it to be considered a real whole grain.
That old saying that “an apple a day keeps the doctor away” isn’t necessarily true, according to research, but the fruit can boost your fiber intake.16 There are about 4 grams of fiber in an apple, depending on its size. And, of course, they’re a nice and crunchy snack.
8. Dried Fruits
Dried fruits like figs, prunes and dates can boost your fiber intake dramatically and are recommended for those struggling with occasional constipation.17 The sugar called sorbitol, which naturally occurs in these fruits, can help your bowels and lead to more comfort.17 However, eating too many can lead to cramping or diarrhea, so try a small serving and see how you feel once you’ve digested them, before noshing on too many more.17
Sweet potatoes, red potatoes, purple potatoes and even the plain old white potato are all good sources of fiber; one small potato with skin can provide close to 3 grams of fiber.18 The veggie has a bad reputation for running in the wrong crowds—fries and chips, to name a few. However, when not fried in oil and slathered in salt, potatoes can provide many benefits.19
Nuts aren’t just a great source of protein and healthy fats—sunflower seeds and almonds each have more than 3 grams of fiber in a serving. They can help you reach the 25-gram intake of fiber recommended by the FDA for women and 38-gram recommendation for men. Raw or dry-roasted nuts are preferred over the pre-packaged variety (which are usually cooked in oils that can add extra, unnecessary calories.) Even nut butters can pack a punch of fiber.
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Today we use our mobile devices for almost everything – news, recipes, driving instructions, how-tos, entertainment – sports, TV, movies, video games, online casinos, Everygame poker fun – the list goes on and on.
More and more people are also downloading health apps onto their phones and other mobile devices. In fact, a recent study found that the number of people in the United States using health or fitness apps has increased from 68.7 million in 2019 to 87.4 million people in 2020. That is a 27% increase in one year which is huge and researchers expect that number to increase even more.
There is a lot of discussion as to whether these mobile apps have any effect on people’s health. Some are skeptical but recent studies do suggest that the answer may be yes. However, researchers are cautious as findings are not definitive. Studies do suggest that these apps may have a positive effect on some health- related behaviors.
Below we will look at what research has found concerning the various kinds of health apps on the market.
Nutrition and health
Developing healthy eating habits is something that is important for everyone. However, as we get older it becomes even more important as healthy eating can prevent many diseases that occur as we age, and particularly in middle age. There are now many apps that are available and look to assist you in this endeavor. A piece that appeared in the Journal of Medical Internet Research reports that studies found that health apps which are used by middle aged and older people, offering nutritional guidance improve a number of health markers and medical situations.
This report was based on scientists having examined the results of 70 studies that measured the effectiveness of health apps that focused on nutrition. And particularly those apps where users were adults over the age of 40 and most were dealing with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.
The report states that these health apps were “highly successful in significantly improving adherence to health behavior, Framingham CVD risk, dietary behavior, weight and BMI.” It was also reported that those people involved in intervention groups saw positive changes in their health markers, as compared to control groups, in areas like LDL cholesterol levels, blood pressure levels, waist circumference and HbA1c. The authors do stress, however, that the findings should be looked at cautiously owing to the many variables in the study. Not all the studies were measured for the same thing. For instance, fruit and vegetable intake did appear to improve in control groups but only three studies included in the work showed this result. Also, a lot of the studies looked at other factors other than nutrition.
So, there does seem to be some evidence to support the effectiveness of health apps. However, much more research is needed to really gain concrete knowledge in this area.
Apps to help with Medication adherence
Not adhering to taking medication correctly can lead to serious health problems and mean that the treatment is not effective. It is estimated that 20% to 50% of people do not take their medication in the proper way. (Journal Medical Internet Research). This concern led researchers to look into whether apps could help to resolve this issue and 11 studies were examined that were published between 2000-2017 which involved a variety of sample sizes ranging from 16 to 99 participants.
On examination it was found that seven of the studies showed that the use of a mobile app increased treatment adherence, five of the studies showed an improved adherence to treatment from 7% to 40%. The conclusion was that these mobile apps can help people manage their medication and they are “an appropriate method for managing medication at home.”
Help with physical activity
The large majority of health apps on the market are fitness apps where the aim is to help improve a person’s physical activity. Some experts do see them as helpful getting a person into a routine of regular physical activity but they are not really going to help with other areas of fitness.
Researchers looked at a number of studies on these apps to see whether they increased the number of daily steps taken by users. They did find that people using fitness apps did take more steps daily compared to control groups but not by much, on average about 476 steps more.
They did find that particular kinds of fitness apps were more effective than others. For instance, they found that apps have a “significant positive effect on physical activity, when they offer exercise programs that last up to 3 months and when they focus exclusively on physical activity, rather than a combination of health behaviors.” To sum up, the researchers found only minimal evidence that fitness apps really increased a user’s physical activity. Even the ones they find most effective proved to work in the short term, not providing sustained physical activity.
Mental health issues
Today mental health issues and how to deal with them is a major concern. Is it possible that there is an app that can help with this? The answer may well be yes according to a recent study.
A study was carried out looking at a self-guided mental health app to see how useful it was. The study had 84 participants, university students, who were all experiencing some form of depression and anxiety. The study took place over a period of 6 weeks and a control group of the same size was used to compare results. The app tracks moods and provided relaxation activities.
By the sixth week, the app was still being used at least once a week by 83% of those participating in the study. The results of the study showed some evidence that participants using the app did experience a reduction in symptoms of depression. However, there was only little evidence that it reduced anxiety. But researchers do feel optimistic about these apps saying “apps for anxiety and depression hold great promise with clear clinical advantages” but still more research is needed in this area.
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Cities in VENEZUELA
Popular destinations VENEZUELA
Pre-Columbian petroglyph in VenezuelaPhoto: Arnaldo Noguera Sifontes CC 4.0 International no changes made
Around 14,000 years before Chr. the first people arrived in what is now Venezuela. Primitive nomadic peoples from that time populated the Venezuelan territory. However, Venezuela has never had an Indian people in its territory like the Aztecs and the Maya in Central America or the Incas in the neighboring Andes mountains. One of the reasons for this could be climatic conditions. In any case, they were not large political units as with the aforementioned peoples, because nowhere in the warm lowland forests of South and Central America has a high degree of organization been established. There were only small tribes, each with their own culture and language. Some were semi-nomadic, others were farmers. The size of the then indigenous population was small. And because nothing has been written down, very little is known about the first inhabitants of Venezuela.
Columbus discovers America and Spanish rule
Christopher Columbus, VenezuelaPhoto:Public domain
The year 1498 is of course a turning point in history for the entire American continent. In that year Columbus landed on his third voyage on the eastern tip of Venezuela, the Paria peninsula. The outer mouth of the Orinoco and the island of Margarita were also explored. In 1499 Alonso de Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci sailed off the current city of Maracaibo. Because of the stilt houses of the Indians, the region was called Venezuela, which means “Little Venice. In the year 1500, the first Spanish settlement in Latin America is established on the island of Cubagua. In 1508, Ojeda became the first governor of the area, but the Spanish failed to establish a permanent colony. The mission attempt by the Franciscan monks also failed for the time being.
It was not until 1521 that they succeeded in founding the first city on the South American mainland, Cumaná. Groups of Negro slaves were introduced on a modest scale, some of which can still be found on the north coast of Venezuela. In total, about 120,000 slaves ended up in Venezuela. The Indians were also transported as slaves to Cuba, Cubagua or Hispaniola (now Haiti and the Dominican Republic). In 1527, Venezuela is leased by Charles V to the German banking house Welser. In search of gold, they left a trail of misery among the Indian population. The Spaniards also continued to advance the Orinoco in search of gold. But they too had little success. In 1546 the lease with the Germans was terminated and the whole of western Venezuela was conquered by the Spaniards. More and more settlements were founded, many of which still exist today.
Diego de Losado founds Caracas, the capital of VenezuelaPhoto: Public domain
Caracas was founded by Diego de Losada around 1577 and the city was soon declared the capital of western Venezuela. In 1580 the population was hit by a smallpox epidemic and many Indians died of this unknown disease. In 1595, the English came onto the scene and Caracas was destroyed by Sir Francis Drake, the famous English pirate and explorer. The persistent rumors about gold treasures attract not only Spaniards and English, but also Portuguese, French and Dutch. Moreover, the political situation in Europe at that time also had an influence on the developments in South America. For example, the Dutch had a fort on the edge of the Corantijn with tobacco plantations. However, this fort was destroyed by the Spanish governor in 1613. In 1621, the Dutch returned under the leadership of the West India Company and inflicted some sensitive defeats on the Spaniards. It is, among other things, the time of the conquest of the Spanish treasure fleet by Piet Hein near Cuba in 1628.
In 1681, the “Indies Act” came into effect which revised all of the legislation governing the American colonies on the orders of Philip II. In order to tackle piracy and smuggling, the “Caracas Company” was founded in 1728, which was given full monopoly over trade and the economic development of the province of Caracas. The Spanish possessions in South America at that time consisted of a number of separate provinces ruled from Santo Domingo, currently the capital of the Dominican Republic. This did not change definitively until 1777 when six provinces, including Margarita, Caracas, Guayana and Trinidad, were merged and Venezuela was given its own administration under the leadership of a Spanish soldier. Venezuela had about 800,000 inhabitants at that time. Trinidad falls after some time and falls into English hands.
Simón Bolívar and the Struggle for Independence
In 1806, Francisco de Miranda, influenced by the French Revolution, assembled an army of American volunteers who tried to make Venezuela independent. This attempt failed, but on April 19, 1810, a group of the wealthy Venezuelan elite seized power by establishing a Supreme Junta that convened the "First Congress." The First Congress met for the first time on March 2, 1811, and on July 5, 1811, Venezuela became the first American colony to declare independence and the so-called "First Republic" was established. The seven provinces of Mérida, Trujillo, Caracas, Cumaná, Barcelona, Margarita and Barinas then together form "La Confederacíon Americana de Venezuela". Francisco de Miranda is at that time the commander in chief of the revolutionary armed forces.
Statue of Simon Bolivar in Ciudad Bolívar, VenezuelaPhoto:Guillermo Ramos Flamerich CC 3.0 Unported no changes made
Under him, the later president Simón Bolívar serves. In 1812 the Spanish captain-general destroyed Monteverde via the royalist-minded south, the northern republican provinces. De Miranda is accused of treason by Bolívar and extradited to the Spanish. In December 1812, Bolívar embarks on a campaign against the supporters of the Spanish king. He strikes victory after victory and triumphantly enters Caracas in early August. Liberation is also launched from the east and the royalist troops are eventually defeated in the Battle of Bárbula and they withdraw to the fortress of Puerto Cabello. Bolívar is proclaimed liberator and commander in chief of the revolutionary armed forces.
However, the royalist forces led by their commander Boves fight back and eventually advance towards Caracas. The entire population fled with Bolívar to the east, but many are killed or killed by Boves' troops along the way. The Spaniards wanted to arrest Bolívar, but he had already left for Cartagena in Colombia where he is appointed commander-in-chief, conquers Bogotá and forms a government. Spain meanwhile sent a large army to Venezuela while the revolutionaries received military help from the British who mainly acted for economic reasons. Bolívar received more and more help, also from neighboring countries.
Margarita Island was liberated in 1816 and Guayana a year later. In 1819 Bolívar liberated Colombia and proclaimed the Greater Colombian Empire, which consisted of the present-day states of Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador and Colombia. He himself became the first president. The Spaniards, of course, fiercely resisted, but suffered a decisive defeat at the Battle of Carabobo on June 24, 1821. The Spaniards were also defeated in other countries in South America and after the lost Battle of Ayacucho in Peru, 300 years of Spanish colonialism in South America came to an end.
Venezuela is finally released by the Spanish in 1823. Independence, however, turned into a disillusionment as the individual countries of Greater Colombia quickly let self-interest prevail again. Corruption was rampant, slavery was not abolished as agreed and the fight for power broke out on all fronts. Not even Bolívar could keep the Greater Colombian Empire together and he died a disappointed man in 1830, but is still a legend in South America and is still called the “father of the country”.
Era of the dictators
From 1830, Venezuela went its own way and the era of the dictators started. The first was General Paéz who also became the first president of the Republic of Venezuela. During the reign of the second president, Monagas, slavery was officially abolished in 1854 and relations with Spain were restored. Due to internal infighting and political conflicts, a civil war (Federal War) broke out in 1858, which lasted until 1864. In that year the Federal Republic of Venezuela was proclaimed. Britain took advantage of this by adding a piece of Venezuela to British Guiana, something that is still disputed by Venezuela and is known on all maps in Venezuela as “Zona en adacíon”.
Headstone Antonio Guzmán Blanco, VenezuelaPhoto: Alex Coiro CC 3.0 Unported no changes made
The dictatorship of the infamous Antonío Guzmán Blanco (1870-1888) initially seemed to benefit the people. He separated state and church and managed to reduce the political influence of the powerful and wealthy families. However, it turned out to be an illusion because he was mainly out to fill his own cash and did not tolerate any opposition, for example. After the Guzmán Blanco period, the dictators succeeded each other in rapid succession. Cipriano Castro lasted the longest (1898-1908) and Juan Vincente Gómez would become the cruelest in Venezuelan history. More than 30,000 Venezuelans went to prison and at least as many fled abroad.
Despite the antipathy to the United States throughout South America, Gómez established relations with the Americans entirely out of self-interest after the discovery of oil. Investors poured in and the United States became the most important trading partner of Venezuela or Gómez and henchmen. In 1928 there were demonstrations by students (Generation 28) and workers against Gómez and his pro-American politics. Although the protests were crushed, these were the first steps towards political democracy.
After Gómez's death in 1935, there was even room for political parties. The Social Democratic Party would eventually join the junta in 1945 and a transitional phase between military dictatorship and democracy emerged. In 1945, the citizen and best-known Venezuelan writer Rómulo Gallegos was appointed president of the junta. He introduced universal suffrage but failed to get the military completely on the second plane.
From dictatorship to democracy
On the contrary, in 1947 there was another coup led by General Jiménez that would eventually become Venezuela's last dictator to date. His reign lasted until 1957. He was expelled amid growing popular protest and with the help of the army. From 1958, Venezuela was the first country in South America to change from a dictatorship to a fairly stable democratic state. After the first democratic elections in 1959, a cabinet of national unity was formed under the leadership of President Rómulo Betancourt.
In 1961, the democratic system was constituted and Venezuela became a federal republic again. In 1960 Venezuela was one of the founders of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries). However, only a small part of the population benefited from the tremendous oil revenues. The revolutionary ideas from Fidel Castro's Cuba soon spread to Venezuela, but due to the large growth in employment, especially in the metal sector, support from the population was not forthcoming. There has therefore never been a possible revolution in Venezuela. Venezuela began golden times under President Carlos Andrés Pérez (1973-1978). He turned the oil and steel industry into state-owned companies, leaving all revenues in Venezuela. With that money, the country was modernized, infrastructural facilities realized, the industrial sector expanded and agriculture got new impulses. The middle class of the population also benefited from these developments and Pérez was the new hero. However, it turned out that he had accumulated a billion-dollar debt and Venezuela was actually practically bankrupt.
His second term in office began in 1988 and was forced by the World Bank and the IMF to cut spending and restructure, particularly in the massive government apparatus. Business was privatized again, tariffs for water, petrol and foodstuffs, among other things, shot up. The people did not take it, resulting in looting and fighting with the police in 1989, resulting in hundreds of deaths and injuries, arrests and torture. It even got to the point where two coups were staged in 1992, but both failed.
Carlos Andrés Pérez, VenezuelaPhoto: Public domain
In March 1993, President Pérez was charged with corruption and expelled for three months and placed under house arrest. This house arrest was lifted in 1996. In the presidential election at the end of 1993, an independent candidate, Rafael Caldera, won the most votes for the first time in history. He kept the army in check and had no choice but to continue the austerity program that had been started. In 1994, Venezuela entered a banking crisis and the Venezuelan government took over 18 of 40 private banks. Rising exports caused the economy to recover somewhat in 1995. Due to the increase in crime and violence, many civilian protests followed in 1996. In 1996, for the first time in 20 years, foreign companies were allowed to compete again for exploitation rights to extract oil and a new economic recovery program was announced by President Caldera. As a result, there was again a slightly growing economy.
In July 1997, a powerful earthquake (6.7 on the Richter scale) in central and eastern Venezuela killed at least 59 people and injured more than 300. The cities of Cumana and Cariaco were hit the hardest. In August 1997, riots at El Dorado Prison in Bolivar State, Venezuelan, killed 42 inmates and injured 22. The year 1997 was again marked by much social unrest and riots with the riot police. In March 1998, five major oil-producing countries, including Venezuela, decided to drastically cut their oil production. The countries hoped to bring the oil price, which had reached an all-time low, back to normal through production restrictions. As of July 1, Venezuela started to deliver 125,000 barrels less daily. The agreements applied for the remainder of 1998.
Hugo Chavez at the military academy, VenezuelaPhoto: Government of Venezuela CC 3.0 Unported no changes made
In 1998, the presidential elections were surprisingly won by Hugo Chávez Frias (44 years old) who had launched another failed coup d'état against the Pérez government in 1992 (in 1994 he received amnesty after two years in prison). He received a lot of votes from the slums because he had made many promises, especially to the poor. Chavez received almost 60% of the vote, his opponent, the 62-year-old entrepreneur Henrique Salas, about 35%. In January 1999, Chavez was welcomed back to the United States (so far he was never granted a visa because of the failed 1992 coup and he was suspected of dictatorial tendencies). On February 2, 1999, Chavez was sworn in as president of Venezuela. A week after being sworn in, Chavez declared a "social emergency". He wanted parliament to give him powers of attorney to reorganize government spending in order to reduce the funding deficit. Furthermore, hhe reformed the tax system and announced that the military would assist in farm work, road repair and health care, the "Bolivar 2000" plan. He also wanted to remediate the corrupt political system and combat poverty. His plan to dissolve parliament was most criticized. In early February, he issued a decree requiring a legislative assembly to write a new constitution. The population should be allowed to comment on the desirability of this. In the city of Cumana, some 500 kilometers east of the capital, Caracas, serious student riots broke out around March 1 and lasted for three days.
At the end of April, the Venezuelan people voted in a referendum for amendment of the 1961 constitution. In doing so, the population massively supported the "peaceful revolution" announced by President Chavez. Approx. 88% of voters voted in favor of forming an "Asamblea Nacional Constituyente", an assembly to revise the constitution. 82% also agreed with the conditions set by Chavez for the appointment of that assembly. Opponents of Chavez feared that through the new constitution he wanted to seize executive, legislative and judicial powers. This was confirmed one more time after Chavez's unconstitutional promotion of 34 soldiers. After criticizing this, he openly threatened to dissolve parliament: "I am at war with you, there is no place for both of us in this country. Your days are numbered".
At the end of July, the left-nationalist government of Chavez won an overwhelming victory in the election of a constituent assembly, which was to draft a new constitution within six months. 119 of the 131 seats were occupied by Chavez supporters, giving him the opportunity to break the power of the traditional parties.
A few weeks later, the Constituent Assembly took all power and declared a state of emergency before Venezuelan courts, Congress and other institutions. This state of emergency enabled the Assembly to intervene in public institutions as it saw fit, as required by the special Constituent Assembly to tackle corruption in those institutions. In protest, the president of the Venezuelan Supreme Court, Cecilia Sosa, resigned on August 24.
At the end of August, parliament was deprived of its last rights by decree, after a week earlier the rights in the area of legislation had been severely curtailed. At the time, the Constituent Assembly was, in fact, the highest authority in Venezuela. In mid-September, Congress was allowed to resume its usual duties with the exception of exercising legislative power.
In early November, the Constituent Assembly agreed to the controversial extension of Chavez's term, as well as lifted the blockades that stood in the way of the president's re-election. In theory, this amendment allowed him to remain in power until 2012.
On December 15, the new constitution was passed with 71% of the votes. In this, citizens get more rights and more influence. Referendums make it possible, for example, to send bad representatives of the people home. furthermore, Chavez got a much stronger grip on the economy and the position of the president and the army was strengthened and the Senate was abolished. From now on, the president could also dissolve parliament if he deemed it necessary.
Shortly after the referendum, Venezuela was hit by a natural disaster of unprecedented magnitude. Floods and mud avalanches caused at least 20,000 deaths and 140,000 people were made homeless. The military was cast in a bad light after reports of beatings, looting and even executions. However, there was no hard evidence for this.
At the beginning of January 2000, the minister of infrastructure, Julio Montes, resigned out of dissatisfaction with the militarization of the government. Chavez then announced to replace more members of his cabinet with military personnel. Elections for the president, Congress, governors and local councils, scheduled for the end of May, were canceled because the computer system that would count the votes turned out to be unreliable. At the end of July, Chavez was elected president for six years, but was unable to get a two-thirds majority in parliament. Chavez himself received about 60% of the vote, his opponent Francisco Arias Cardenas got about 38% of the vote. In August, Chavez paid a controversial visit to Iraq, where he met Saddam Hussein. It was the first visit by a foreign head of state to Iraq since the 1991 Gulf War. The United States in particular reacted furiously, but Chavez did not care either.
Hugo Chavez, VenezuelaPhoto: Dilma Roussef CC 2.0 Generic no changes made
In mid-October, about 35,000 workers in the Venezuelan oil industry ended their strike. The strike had broken out a few days earlier after the government refused to give a wage increase of nearly $ 10 a day. The strikers reached an agreement with the national petroleum company PDVSA. In late October and early November, Cuban President Fidel Castro paid a visit to Venezuela with the intention of buying oil at a bargain price. They succeeded and it was agreed that Venezuela would deliver 53,000 barrels of crude oil to Cuba daily in exchange for Cuban goods and medical services. The Venezuelan opposition was furious because about 80% of its own population lived well below the poverty line. On November 7, the National Assembly gave President Chavez an unprecedented position of power by allowing him to enact laws on oil and banking by decree for one year. On November 13, 63-year-old oil minister, Ali Rodriguez Araque, was elected Secretary General of OPEC. In early December, Chavez was heading for a victory in a referendum on the formation of new unions. Many voters said "yes" to plans to overthrow traditional leaders. According to the opposition, Chavez was expanding his dictatorial power even further.
Pedro Carmona, VenezuelaPhoto: Zcriptz CC 4.0 International no changes made
On April 11, 2002, a mass demonstration took place in Caracas demanding Chávez's resignation. Fighting broke out and killed 15 people, and the Venezuelan president was held responsible by the media and opposition. Chávez was then forced to resign by a group of rebel soldiers and Pedro Carmona was appointed interim president. Although even the media talked about the president's “resignation”, a coup d'etat did take place on April 11.
That became clear when Carmona immediately unleashed a real manhunt on Chávez supporters and dissolved parliament. As a protest against this, the often poor Chavez sympathizers took to the streets en masse to demand the resignation of Carmona. Part of the army sided with Chávez and that was the signal for Carmona to flee. On the night of April 13, Chávez returned to the presidential palace.
The United States, declared opponent of Chávez, was obviously not happy with his return. They still feared that Chávez, a friend of Cuban leader Fidel Castro, would one day cut oil supplies to the United States.
A week after the failed coup d'état, all coup plotters were free again, raising the question of whether there had been a coup. In any case, it was very remarkable that the commander in chief of the army and one of the coup plotters, Lucas Rincon, were reappointed. Pedro Carmona denied before a parliamentary inquiry committee that he would have prepared the coup together with the army. He stated that he had been asked by the military to fill the 'power vacuum'.
In late April 2002, three Venezuelan military leaders filed for political asylum in the United States. They had already fled to the Bolivian embassy after the failed coup. Carmona was eventually allowed to leave for neighboring Colombia, where he was granted political asylum.
The month of May was also the scene of demonstrations, in which tens of thousands of Venezuelans took to the streets. In July, former United States President Jimmy Carter made an unsuccessful attempt to mediate between President Chávez and the Venezuelan opposition demanding the president's resignation.
In early August, four senior military officers were acquitted for lack of evidence who had taken part in the brief coup d'état against President Chávez. Anger at this statement prompted further demonstrations by Chávez supporters, with further deaths and injuries. Carlos Andrés Pérez, the former president, openly advocated replacing Chávez with a military junta. He predicted a coup that would again cause a lot of blood.
Since the Supreme Court's dubious ruling on the coup attempt, Venezuela has been split between supporters of Chávez, who believed he stood up for the rights of the poor, and opposition members, who felt he was actually driving a wedge between the different classes.
On October 11, about one million people in Venezuela demonstrated against President Chávez's nationalist government, calling for new elections. Protesters from different cities marched to the capital, Caracas. The opposition was supported by employers, trade unions, all traditional political parties, most media, churches and student organizations. The largest union threatened a general strike and gave the president a few days to step down. Several days later, hundreds of thousands of supporters of the Venezuelan president marched through the streets of Caracas in response to the opposition demonstration. Chávez had called them to this.
At the end of October, a massive general strike shut down part of Venezuela. Factories and shops were closed, domestic flights were canceled. Rumors even circulated about a possible coup, and shootings with the police took place in several places. In the center, the army had parked tanks in front of the presidential palace.
A day later, fourteen senior army officers on Venezuelan television called the population to civil disobedience. The fourteen felt that the president no longer represented the voice of the people. Some of them were also involved in the April coup, and have not held active positions since then. In the end nothing happened.
In early November, supporters of Chávez clashed with opposition members. At least sixteen people were injured. The president's supporters tried to prevent the opposition from offering two million signatures to parliament. Trade unions and opposition members wanted the signing campaign to ensure that a referendum on early elections would be held on December 4. Several days later, Chávez asked the Supreme Court to annul parts of the Venezuelan electoral law, which would stop the electoral council. can operate on a legal basis. The opposition then threatened a general strike.
In mid-November, the army of Venezuela took over the duties of the police in the capital Caracas. The takeover by the army would be intended to restore peace to the police. "The police have fallen into anarchism," Chávez said. Part of the metropolitan police has been on strike since October against Mayor Alfredo Peña, a staunch opponent of Chávez. He also accused Chávez of the president's own police strike in order to push a new, loyal government commissioner down the throat of the capital.
At the end of November, the Supreme Court ruled that a previously announced referendum on the early presidential election on February 2, 2003 should not go ahead. A general strike against Chávez's rule followed on December 5. This strike brought the Venezuelan economy, and especially the oil sector, to a standstill. In response, Chávez ordered the army to intervene to secure oil supplies abroad. At that point, all-out civil war didn't seem far away.
When the strikes had not ended after a week, Chávez threatened to declare a state of emergency. On December 9 it was announced that the Venezuelan government no longer ruled out elections as a solution to the resulting crisis. This announcement came after negotiations between Chávez, the opposition and the Secretary General of the Organization of American States (OAS), César Gaviria. It was unclear whether Chávez actually wanted to cooperate.
Meanwhile, the strikes entered their second week, and Chávez threatened to declare a state of emergency in the country. All oil facilities in the country were occupied by the military to avoid sabotage. Characteristic of the hopeless situation was the cessation of the activities of the Supreme Court for 'political intimidation'.
On December 13, the United States urged Chávez to hold early elections, and on December 16 hundreds of thousands again marched in the capital, Caracas.
A day later, opposition leaders called on the population to further sharpen actions against the government. Fierce clashes between protesters and riot police resulted. All the cautious approaches and the pressure from the outside had had no effect at all.
On December 19, the Venezuelan court ordered the oil industry workers to return to work. However, most of the strikers ignored the Court's order and continued on strike unabated. The controversial head of state then threatened to dismiss all strikers at the state oil company Petreleos de Venezuela.
On January 3, the police had to intervene violently to prevent protesters from storming a military base near the capital. A crowd of tens of thousands of protesters had gathered in front of the barracks complex to demand the release of a general placed under arrest for mutiny. About 100 officers had joined the strike movement, but most military commanders remained loyal to the head of state.
On January 14, the police of the capital Caracas were disarmed by the Venezuelan army. Chávez accused police of attacking supporters of his regime during demonstrations. On January 17, representatives of the countries of Mexico, United States, Brazil, Chile, Spain and Portugal established a 'Group of Friends of Venezuela'. They wanted to try to find a solution to the political crisis in the country.
In early February, the general strike was ended by Chávez's divided opponents. The oil sector was still partly on hold, but it was clear that Chávez had survived the 64-day crisis. The attempt to force Chávez to resign through strikes had been totally unsuccessful. A few weeks later, the Venezuelan government and the opposition reached an agreement against violence, peace and democracy. However, this agreement was again called into question when Carlos Fernández, leader of the opposition and chairman of the employers' association Fedecamaras, was arrested; however, it remained quiet in the country.
At the end of February, Venezuela was startled by attacks on the Spanish embassy and the Colombian consulate in the capital Caracas. Chávez supporters were identified as the perpetrators because Spain, Colombia and other countries had tried to mediate between the president and the opposition.
In mid-April, the Venezuelan government and opposition reached an agreement to hold a referendum on the premature end of Hugo Chávez's presidency. According to the constitution, the referendum could take place after August 19, halfway through the presidential term. However, this did not happen and in mid-September the Venezuelan Electoral Council even rejected the petition calling for a referendum on Chávez's position due to procedural errors.
In early December, more than 3.6 million Venezuelans signed a petition calling for a referendum to end President Chávez's tenure. That number was significantly higher than the 2.4 million signatures required by the constitution to hold a plebiscite.
March 7, 2004: Hundreds of thousands of protesters took to the streets in the Venezuelan capital of Caracas to protest against President Hugo Chavez. In the biggest rally this year, they demanded a referendum on the deposition of the left-nationalist Chávez and expressed displeasure at the way police and military "brutally repressed" previous demonstrations.
Since the end of February, clashes between opposition members, supporters of the government and police and military have killed at least nine people. According to the opposition, authorities arrested about 400 protesters and injured 1,650 people in the violence. In August 2004, President Chávez was challenged again when the Venezuelan people, in a referendum proposed by the opposition, were able to decide whether to finish his term in office.
The outcome of the referendum indicated that 58% of the Venezuelan population was in favor of Chávez's remaining president. The OAS and the Carter Center, which acted as independent observers to the referendum, confirmed that no evidence of fraud or harassment had been found, even though suspicions persisted. The opposition, made up of the radical anti-chávistas of the Democratic Bloc and the more moderate mainstream parties, has since divided. The ad hoc coalition "Coordinadora Democrática" has disintegrated and in fact there is no longer any significant opposition, except in a few states and municipalities where local parties and personalities are exceptions to the trend. This was evident in the parliamentary elections in December 2005, in which President Chávez's "Movimiento Quinta Repú blica" (MVR) and her coalition partners from the "Bloque de Cambio" secured all 167 seats according to the preliminary results. The opposition parties AD, COPEI and "Primero Justicia", who saw defeat coming, had withdrawn shortly before the elections and called on the people to stay at home. The turnout rate of 25% was a historic low (in 2000 the turnout was 57%). The EU observer mission did not identify any irregularities. She noted that there is no confidence in the electoral system in Venezuela and made a number of recommendations in this area.
President Chávez has interpreted the results of the referendum and subsequent elections as strengthening his revolutionary mandate. A true proliferation of legislation would help to further strengthen the government's grip on society and also to shape the principles of the Bolivarian revolution. In December 2006, President Chávez is elected for a third term. In December 2007, Chávez lost for the first time a referendum calling for more power and an acceleration of the socialist revolution. In 2008, Chávez became explicitly involved in the Colombian conflict with the FARC, and he got a number of hostages released.
Relations with Colombia become tense after a chase by the Colombian army on the FARC on Venezuelan territory. In July 2008 the relationship relaxes again after the liberation of Ingrid Betancourt. President Uribe visits Chávez. In November 2008, the opposition gains slightly in local elections. In February 2009, voters agreed to abolish the number of terms a politician can be re-elected. This could pave the way for Chávez to be re-elected after 2012 as well. At the end of 2009, tensions with Colombia are running high, partly because of an extension of the contract between the US and Colombia on the use of military bases. In March 2010, the central bank announced that the economy had contracted by 5.8% in the last three months of 2009. In September 2010, President Hugo Chávez retained the majority in parliament, but the opposition managed to prevent the party Chávez once again gains a two-thirds majority in the National Assembly. In June 2011, President Chavez begins cancer treatment in Cuba. In October 2012 he won the presidential election for a fourth time. In December 2012, Chavez returned to Cuba for further treatment and appointed Nicolas Maduro as his successor while he was ill. Hugo Chávez dies on March 5, 2013 in the capital Caracas.
Nicolas Maduro, VenezuelaPhoto: Valter Campanato/ABr CC 3.0 Brazil no changes made
In April 2013, Nicolas Maduro is narrowly elected as president. In December 2013, his party strengthened its position in local elections. In February 2014 there have been disturbances in Caracas, the government says the opposition is looking for a coup. In December 2015, the opposition wins congressional elections after 16 years of socialist dominance. In February 2016, President Maduro announced measures to combat the economic crisis, including a monetary devaluation and an increase in gasoline prices. The years 2016 and 2017 are dominated by mass protests against the belead from Maduro. In January 2018, Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao will face an export ban and a sea, air and land blockade of the islands by Venezuela. In januaty 2019 opposition leader Juan Guaidó declares himself interim president, appeals to military to oust President Maduro on the grounds that the 2018 election was rigged. Since then, Guaido has been trying to oust Maduro from power and he is recognized by some 50 countries worldwide as interim president. However, he never succeeded in removing military-backed Maduro from power. In December 2020, Maduro wins the elections boycotted by Guaidó.
Dydyñski, K. / Venezuela
Ferguson, J. / Venezuela : mensen, politiek, economie, cultuur
Launspach, W. / Reishandboek Venezuela, Margarita
Morrison, M. / Venezuela
Chelsea House Publishers
O’Bryan, L. / Venezuela, Isla Margarita
CIA - World Factbook
BBC - Country Profiles
Copyright: Team The World of Info
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Difficulty settings empower players with the freedom to decide how they want to play the game. Some players may prefer a more relaxed and story-focused experience, while others enjoy a challenging and intense gameplay experience. By offering different difficulty options, game developers can accommodate a broader range of players and create a more inclusive gaming environment.
Difficulty settings can be applied to various aspects of the game, such as combat, puzzles, AI behavior, resource management, time limits, and more. This allows players to customize the level of challenge in different gameplay segments. Some games even allow you to customize this experience on a more detailed scale. For example, some games allow you to change resources gained, starter items, how quickly a stat can be drained, or how much damage players/enemies do.
Players have varying skill levels and experience in playing video games. Difficulty settings provide a means to tailor the gameplay experience to match the player’s expertise. Novice players can start with easier difficulty settings to learn the mechanics and progress gradually to more challenging levels as they become more proficient.
Properly balanced difficulty settings can enhance player immersion and engagement. When the challenge aligns with the player’s skill level, it creates a sense of achievement and satisfaction. On the other hand, excessively difficult settings might lead to frustration, while overly easy settings can result in boredom.
For example, in the Resident Evil series, an easy mode would allow you to shoot most enemies from a distance and more easily navigate the world to solve puzzles. While in the more difficult modes, you would need to conserve your ammo for bosses, navigate around enemies, and even sneak past certain areas.
Difficulty settings contribute to the replayability of a game. Players who complete the game on one difficulty level may be motivated to play again on a higher difficulty setting to experience new challenges and achieve higher scores or rewards.
For example, in the older Diablo series, the player would unlock the next difficulty after beating the game. This would keep the player’s character progress, but open up stronger weapons, loot, enemies, and even varying boss strategies or attacks.
Some games use difficulty settings to influence the narrative and storytelling. For instance, higher difficulty levels might unlock additional storylines, alternate endings, or reveal hidden details about the game world. Some games even limit the levels you could complete on certain difficulties. Personally I hated this in games, but I do understand the reasoning to engage the players, keep them playing, and hoping they’ll improve enough to complete the game.
Game designers must strike a balance between challenge and fun when designing difficulty settings. Too much challenge may discourage players, while too little can diminish the sense of accomplishment. The goal is to create an engaging and rewarding experience that keeps players motivated to progress.
Some games incorporate adaptive difficulty systems that dynamically adjust the challenge based on the player’s performance. If the player struggles with a particular section, the game might automatically reduce the difficulty or display a prompt to the player to lower difficulty to provide a smoother experience.
Personally, I enjoy games that have a simple category for difficulty, but also as an option to allow for a customized setting which breaks down each aspect of the game’s challenges. This is especially important for multiplayer games and dealing with custom experiences, challenges, and time management for a group of players. But again, this also depends on the game, it’s genre, and how you design it.
Overall, difficulty settings are a powerful tool in game design that caters to players’ individual preferences and skill levels. By providing players with the option to choose their preferred level of challenge, game developers can enhance player satisfaction and extend the longevity of their games.
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By Deane Alban
Contributing Writer for Wake Up World
Artificial sweeteners have always been bad news for your health. They are suspected of causing many serious health problems including memory loss, brain tumors, and Alzheimer’s.
Ironically, they aren’t making us any thinner, either!
The US Food & Drug Administration recently announced their approval of a new artificial sweetener – Advantame. Since it’s made from aspartame (a known neurotoxin and carcinogen) there is no reason to believe this latest sweetener will be any better for your health, your waistline, or your brain function.
Let’s take a look at what is known about this new “high intensity” sweetener.
They thought they could improve on aspartame, so by adding the artificial flavor vanillin they developed a “new and improved” version called Advantame.
Here are the reported “benefits” of Advantame:
1) It’s 20,000 times sweeter than sugar. By comparison, aspartame, sucralose and saccharin range from 200 to 700 times sweeter than table sugar. “High-intensity” (not “artificial” sweetener) is now the preferred industry term.
Comparison of sweetness based on energy content is not meaningful because many artificial sweeteners have little or no food energy.
|Name||Sweetness (by weight)||Trade name||Approval||Notes|
|Acesulfame potassium||200||Nutrinova||FDA 1988||E950 Hyet Sweet|
|Alitame||2000||approved in Mexico, Australia, New Zealand and China.||Pfizer|
|Aspartame||160–200||NutraSweet, Equal||FDA 1981, EU-wide 1994||E951[Hyet Sweet]]|
|Salt of aspartame-acesulfame||350||Twinsweet||E962|
|Sodium cyclamate||30||FDA Banned 1969, approved in EU and Canada||E952, Abbott|
|Dulcin||250||FDA Banned 1950|
|P-4000||4000||FDA banned 1950|
|Saccharin||300||Sweet’N Low||FDA 1958, Canada 2014||E954|
|Sucralose||600||Kaltame, Splenda||Canada 1991, FDA 1998, EU 2004||E955, Tate & Lyle|
Data courtesy of Wikipedia.com
2) It does not break down when exposed to high heat. It has been approved for use in baked goods, soft drinks, frozen desserts, and the like – foods that have little place in a healthy diet anyway.
3) According to the manufacturer, it has a “clean, sweet taste very similar to aspartame”. As if that’s a selling point…
According to the FDA, 37 studies, including both human and animal studies, were reviewed before the decision to put Advantame on the market was made.
The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) reports that the number of mice that survived to the end of a key cancer study was below FDA’s own scientific recommendations.
… but the FDA has approved the additive anyway.
Two Wrongs Don’t Make a Right
It’s too soon to have reported side effects for this sweetener. But let’s take a look at its two components — aspartame and vanillin.
Aspartame is made up of three chemicals: aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol.
- Aspartic acid elevates levels of aspartate and glutamate, brain neurotransmitters. Aspartate and glutamate are “excitotoxins,” meaning that in high amounts they “excite” or stimulate brain cells to death.
- Phenylalanine is an amino acid normally found in the brain. Ingesting aspartame can lead to excess levels of phenylalanine in the brain which disturbs the normal balance of an important brain chemical, serotonin.
- Methanol is wood alcohol, the kind of alcohol that is extremely poisonous.
Currently, there are 92 categories of complaints filed against aspartame with the FDA.
MedicineNet.com reports that out of 166 studies on aspartame, 100% of those funded by the manufacturer confirmed aspartame’s safety, while 92% of the independently funded studies found it was unsafe.
According to the American Cancer Society: “Claims have been made that aspartame is related to health effects ranging from mild problems such as headache, dizziness, digestive symptoms, and changes in mood, to more serious health issues such as Alzheimer disease, birth defects, diabetes, Gulf War syndrome, attention deficit disorders, Parkinson disease, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and seizures.”
Vanillin is a synthetic version of the natural flavor vanilla which is made from a species of orchid seed pods.
The demand for this universally loved flavor has always exceeded production so there have been many processes over the years for manufacturing fake vanilla flavor.
Currently, some vanillin is made from lignin, a byproduct of the paper and wood pulp industries. But, most vanillin is made from guaiacol, a petrochemical precursor.
Coming Soon to a Store Near You!
Besides having been approved in the US, Advantame has also been approved for general use in Australia and New Zealand. Final approvals are pending in Japan and in the European Union (EU).
Interesting it got approved here before it did in its country of origin — Japan.
Advantame is not a brand name; it’s a generic term. When it starts being used in our food supply, it almost certainly will have a brand name similar to Sweet and Low, Splenda, or Equal.
So right now I can’t tell you exactly what you’ll need to watch out for. But the best way to avoid this and all other potentially dangerous food additives is to stick with eating “real food.” And if you must eat something in a box or a package, read the label very carefully.
- FDA Approves a New Artificial Sweetener LATimes.com
- Advantame Product Information Aji-Aspartame.com
- FDA Approves New Sweetener, Advantame CSPInet.org
- Aspartame Cancer.org
- Aspartame: By Far the Most Dangerous Substance Added to Most Foods Today Mercola.com
- What is Vanillin? HoneyandSpice.wordpress.com
Previous articles by Deane:
- 10 Food Tips To Get Off the Poor Sleep Treadmill
- Experience the Brain Benefits of Do-It-Yourself Biofeedback
- 5 Reasons You Aren’t Getting Enough Vitamin D.. and What You Can Do About It
- Five Common Food Additives That Can Damage Your Brain
- Food Scams and Myths: Why Quality Matters
- The Alarming Truth About Supermarket Meat
- 18 Choices You Make Every Day That Keep You Up at Night
- Can’t Get the Hang of Meditation? Try This Instead
- Stress, Telomeres, and the Secret to Prevent Aging
- 20 Common Medications That Can Cause Memory Loss
- 5 Common Food Additives That Are Toxic to Your Brain
- The ABCs of Vitamins for Memory and Brain Health
- Change Your Thoughts, Change Your Brain
Contributing writer Deane Alban holds a bachelor’s degree in biology and has taught and written on a wide variety of natural health topics for over 20 years. Her current focus is helping people overcome brain fog, “senior moments”, and other signs of mental decline now, and preventing Alzheimer’s and dementia in the future.
The human brain is designed to last a lifetime, but modern life takes a greater toll on the brain than most people realize. Deane teaches the best ways to keep your brain healthy and stay mentally sharp for life at her website BeBrainFit.com.
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Maintaining grounding on lightning arrestors is crucial for safety and lightning protection. Grounding a lightning arrester separately from the system grounding is necessary to ensure its effectiveness.
By following proper installation methods and regularly maintaining lightning protection equipment, you can ensure the safety and security of your property. Grounding towers, splicing fittings, and lightning rods all play significant roles in maintaining effective lightning protection. Additionally, understanding the grounding requirements and using suitable materials for grounding electrodes is essential for a successful lightning protection system.
Importance Of Proper Grounding
Proper grounding is vital when it comes to maintaining grounding on lightning arrestors. It serves two critical purposes: ensuring safety and protection, and minimizing the risk of electrical damage.
Ensuring Safety And Protection
Proper grounding plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of both individuals and property. When a lightning strike occurs, the excess electrical energy is conducted harmlessly into the ground through the grounding system. This prevents the lightning from causing severe damage or harm to the building or the people inside.
Without proper grounding, the lightning energy would seek alternate paths to dissipate, potentially leading to electrical fires, equipment damage, or even electrocution.
Minimizing The Risk Of Electrical Damage
By establishing a robust grounding system, the risk of electrical damage can be significantly minimized. Lightning arrestors are designed to divert lightning strikes away from sensitive electronic equipment and structures, but without proper grounding, these devices may not function as intended.
A thorough grounding connection provides a low-resistance path for the lightning current to flow into the ground, preventing it from damaging electrical systems, appliances, and communication devices. It acts as a protective shield, diverting the destructive energy away from the valuable equipment.
Additionally, proper grounding helps reduce the risk of power surges caused by lightning strikes. Power surges can lead to the malfunctioning or permanent damage of appliances, computers, and other electronic devices.
In conclusion, proper grounding is of the utmost importance when it comes to maintaining grounding on lightning arrestors. It ensures the safety of individuals, protects valuable equipment, and minimizes the risk of electrical damage. By understanding and implementing proper grounding practices, you can effectively safeguard your property and ensure the reliable performance of your lightning protection system.
Understanding Lightning Arrestors And Grounding
In the world of lightning protection, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of lightning arrestors and grounding. Lightning arrestors are devices designed to protect electrical systems from the harmful effects of lightning strikes. Grounding, on the other hand, plays a vital role in diverting the lightning’s energy safely into the ground, preventing damage to the equipment and ensuring the safety of individuals.
Differentiating Between Lightning Arrestors And Surge Arrestors
While the terms “lightning arrestor” and “surge arrestor” are often used interchangeably, it is important to understand the differences between the two. Lightning arrestors are specifically engineered to handle the high energy of a lightning strike, which can produce thousands of volts and massive amounts of current. Surge arrestors, on the other hand, are designed to protect against smaller, more frequent voltage surges that can occur within a power system.
Lightning arrestors are a key component of a comprehensive lightning protection system, offering a level of protection that surge arrestors cannot provide. They are typically installed at the point where power enters a building or facility, diverting the excessive electrical energy from a lightning strike into the ground, thus preventing damage to the equipment and reducing the risk of fire or electrocution.
Explaining The Role Of Grounding In Lightning Protection
Grounding plays a crucial role in effective lightning protection. When a lightning strike occurs, the lightning arrestor is responsible for capturing the electrical energy. However, without proper grounding, this energy will remain within the system, potentially causing damage or posing a serious safety hazard.
Grounding provides a safe path for the electrical energy to dissipate into the ground, effectively diverting it away from the equipment and individuals. It involves connecting the lightning arrestor to an appropriate grounding system, which typically consists of grounding electrodes, conductors, and grounding rods.
By ensuring proper grounding, the excess electrical energy from a lightning strike is discharged harmlessly into the ground, protecting the equipment from damage and reducing the risk of electrical fires or personal injury. Additionally, grounding also helps to mitigate electromagnetic interference (EMI) and transient voltage spikes, improving the overall performance and reliability of the electrical system.
In conclusion, understanding the concepts of lightning arrestors and grounding is crucial for anyone responsible for maintaining, installing, or designing lightning protection systems. By differentiating between lightning and surge arrestors and recognizing the role of grounding in lightning protection, individuals can take the necessary steps to protect their equipment and ensure the safety of their surroundings.
Grounding Requirements For Lightning Arrestors
In order to ensure the safety and effectiveness of lightning arrestors, proper grounding is of utmost importance. Lightning arrestors are designed to divert the electrical currents caused by lightning strikes, protecting the electrical systems and equipment.
A Closer Look At Grounding Standards And Regulations
When it comes to grounding lightning arrestors, there are specific standards and regulations that need to be followed. These guidelines are set in place to ensure that the grounding system not only provides adequate protection but also meets the safety requirements.
Grounding standards and regulations are typically established by industry organizations and regulatory bodies. These guidelines outline the minimum requirements for the design, installation, and maintenance of grounding systems for lightning arrestors.
Some common organizations that provide grounding standards include the National Electrical Code (NEC), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the Lightning Protection Institute (LPI).
Meeting The Minimum Grounding Requirements
To ensure the proper grounding of lightning arrestors, it is essential to meet the minimum grounding requirements outlined by the relevant standards and regulations. These requirements may vary depending on factors such as the location, type of lightning arrestor, and the specific application.
Meeting the minimum grounding requirements involves several key considerations. Here are some important factors to keep in mind:
- Choosing the right grounding electrode: The grounding electrode serves as the connection between the lightning arrestor and the earth. It is crucial to select the appropriate grounding electrode based on factors such as soil resistivity and its ability to dissipate electrical energy.
- Ensuring proper grounding conductor sizing: The size of the grounding conductor is determined by factors such as the lightning arrestor’s current-carrying capacity and the length of the conductor. Adhering to the sizing requirements helps to maintain a low impedance path for lightning currents.
- Implementing proper grounding techniques: The installation of the grounding system should follow proper techniques to ensure a robust and reliable connection. This includes using suitable clamps, connectors, and bonding conductors to establish a solid and continuous electrical path.
- Regular testing and maintenance: It is essential to regularly test and maintain the grounding system to ensure its integrity. Periodic inspections, ground resistance measurements, and visual checks can help identify any issues and allow for prompt repairs or upgrades.
By meeting the minimum grounding requirements, the lightning arrestor can effectively dissipate the electrical currents and minimize damage to the electrical system, ensuring safety for both personnel and equipment.
Remember, proper grounding is not just a requirement; it is a crucial aspect of ensuring the effectiveness and reliability of lightning arrestors. By following the designated standards and regulations, and implementing the necessary grounding measures, you can maintain a robust and efficient grounding system for your lightning arrestors.
How To Install Lightning Protection With Proper Grounding
Proper grounding is essential for effective lightning protection. Without a secure and reliable grounding system, lightning arrestors cannot effectively divert the electrical energy from lightning strikes, putting your property at risk of damage and endangering the safety of occupants. In this section, we will provide a step-by-step guide to installing a grounding wire from the antenna mount, along with an alternative option of installing a surge arrester to ensure the utmost safety.
Step-by-step Guide To Installing A Grounding Wire From The Antenna Mount
- Identify a suitable grounding source: Look for a location that offers low resistance to ground and is close to the antenna mount. It could be a metal water pipe, an existing grounding rod, or a dedicated grounding rod.
- Measure the distance: Determine the distance between the antenna mount and the chosen grounding source. This will help you estimate the length of grounding wire needed.
- Choose the grounding wire: Select a high-quality copper grounding wire with the appropriate gauge according to industry standards. Consult a professional or refer to local electrical codes for the correct gauge size.
- Prepare the antenna mount: Clean the surface of the antenna mount using a wire brush or sandpaper to ensure proper grounding connectivity. Remove any paint, rust, or corrosion to establish a reliable electrical connection.
- Secure the grounding wire: Attach one end of the grounding wire securely to the antenna mount using a stainless steel grounding clamp or a suitable connector. Ensure that the connection is tight and free of any insulating materials.
- Route the grounding wire: Carefully route the grounding wire from the antenna mount to the chosen grounding source. Avoid sharp bends or kinks that may damage the wire. Use appropriate clips or fasteners to secure the wire along its path.
- Connect to the grounding source: Attach the other end of the grounding wire to the grounding source using a stainless steel grounding clamp or an approved connector. Make sure the connection is tight and provides a low-resistance path to the ground.
- Test the grounding system: Once the grounding wire is properly installed, use a multimeter to test the continuity and resistance of the grounding system. This will help verify the effectiveness of the grounding installation.
- Maintain regular inspections: Periodically inspect the grounding wire for any signs of wear, corrosion, or damage. Repair or replace any faulty components promptly to maintain the grounding system’s efficiency.
Alternative Option: Installing A Surge Arrester
In certain situations, installing a surge arrester may be a viable alternative to grounding directly from the antenna mount. A surge arrester is designed to divert electrical surges, including those caused by lightning strikes, away from sensitive equipment and structures.
Here are a few key steps to consider when installing a surge arrester:
- Identify vulnerable areas: Determine the critical equipment or areas that require protection from electrical surges. These could include electrical panels, communication systems, or other sensitive electronic devices.
- Select the appropriate surge arrester: Choose a surge arrester that suits the specific voltage, current rating, and protection requirements of the equipment or systems being safeguarded. Consult manufacturer specifications and guidelines.
- Install the surge arrester: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mounting and connecting the surge arrester. Ensure that the wiring and connections are correctly positioned and secured.
- Test the surge arrester: Once the surge arrester is installed, test its functionality and effectiveness using appropriate testing equipment. Verify that it is diverting electrical surges effectively.
- Maintain and replace when necessary: Regularly inspect the surge arrester for any signs of damage or wear. Replace the surge arrester if it has been exposed to a significant electrical surge or if it no longer meets the required standards.
Remember, it is crucial to consult with a qualified professional or adhere to local electrical codes and regulations when installing lightning protection systems. Proper grounding and the use of reliable surge protection devices can significantly reduce the risk of lightning damage and ensure the safety of your property and its occupants.
Maintenance Best Practices For Lightning Arrestors
Regular maintenance of lightning arrestors is crucial for their optimal performance and longevity. By following a few simple best practices, you can ensure that your lightning arrestors remain effective in diverting the power of lightning strikes away from your electrical systems. In this section, we will discuss regular inspections and evaluations, cleaning and checking for damage, and testing the grounding system. Implementing these practices will help you maintain grounding on lightning arrestors effectively.
Regular Inspections And Evaluations
To maintain grounding on lightning arrestors, regular inspections and evaluations must be conducted. This allows you to identify any issues or potential problems before they escalate into major failures. Here are a few steps to follow during the inspection process:
- Inspect the physical condition of the lightning arrestor, looking for signs of damage such as cracks, corrosion, or loose connections.
- Check for any obstructions that may hinder the proper functioning of the arrestor, such as vegetation or debris.
- Examine the grounding system for any signs of degradation or deterioration.
- Verify that all connections and bonding straps are secure and in good condition.
By conducting regular inspections, you can detect and address any issues promptly, ensuring that the grounding on your lightning arrestors remains effective and reliable.
Cleaning And Checking For Damage
In addition to regular inspections, cleaning and checking for damage are essential maintenance practices for lightning arrestors. Over time, dust, dirt, or other contaminants can accumulate on the surface of the arrestor, reducing its performance. Here’s how you can clean and check for damage:
- Start by disconnecting the lightning arrestor from the power source and ensuring that it is safe to handle.
- Gently wipe the surface of the arrestor with a soft cloth or brush to remove any dust or dirt.
- Inspect the arrestor for any signs of physical damage, such as cracks or chips.
- If any damage is found, consult a professional for further evaluation and possible repair or replacement.
Regular cleaning and checking for damage will help maintain the integrity and effectiveness of your lightning arrestors, providing reliable protection against lightning strikes.
Testing The Grounding System
The grounding system plays a crucial role in maintaining the effectiveness of lightning arrestors. Regular testing of the grounding system ensures that it is functioning correctly and can safely divert the energy from lightning strikes. Here are some steps to follow when testing the grounding system:
- Use a ground resistance tester to measure the resistance of the grounding electrodes.
- Compare the measured resistance values with the recommended standards to ensure they fall within the acceptable range.
- If the resistance values are high, indicating poor grounding, consider consulting a professional to improve the grounding system.
By regularly testing the grounding system, you can ensure that lightning arrestors have a reliable path for dissipating the energy from lightning strikes, minimizing the risk of damage to your electrical systems.
Frequently Asked Questions On Maintaining Grounding On Lightning Arrestors: A How-to Guide
How Do You Ground A Lighting Arrestor?
To ground a lightning arrestor, it is necessary to separate it from the system grounding. This ensures safety and protection from lightning strikes.
How Do You Maintain A Lightning Arrester?
Maintaining a lightning arrester involves regular inspections and maintenance. Here are the steps to follow: 1. Inspect the arrester for any signs of damage or corrosion. 2. Clean the arrester to remove any dirt or debris that may affect its performance.
3. Check the grounding connection to ensure it is secure and properly attached. 4. Test the arrester periodically to ensure it is working correctly. 5. Replace any faulty or worn-out components as necessary. By following these guidelines, you can ensure the effectiveness of your lightning arrester in protecting your property from electrical surges.
What Are The Grounding Requirements For Lightning Protection?
The grounding requirements for lightning protection involve separate grounding for lightning arresters. Lightning arresters should be grounded separately from the system grounding to ensure proper safety and protection.
How Do You Ensure Proper Grounding?
To ensure proper grounding, follow these guidelines: 1. Install a wire from the lightning arrestor to a separate grounding source. 2. Maintain contact between splicing fittings and conductor lengths. 3. Ground the lightning arrestor separately from the system grounding. 4. Regularly maintain the lightning protection equipment.
5. Follow the rules and methods for a good grounding system.
In order to maintain the grounding on lightning arrestors, it is crucial to follow the proper procedures to ensure safety and protection from lightning strikes. This can be achieved through proper installation techniques and regular maintenance. By grounding the lightning arrestors separately from the system grounding, you can ensure effective lightning protection.
Additionally, ensuring adequate contact with conductor lengths and protecting the exposed environment is essential. Overall, maintaining grounding on lightning arrestors is vital for the safety and security of your property.
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Wise Mind Center provides comprehensive psychoeducational evaluations for children and adolescents, who are experiencing academic difficulties. Assessments are a valuable tool that can address a variety of concerns. Evaluations can provide answers to diagnostic questions, assess current functioning levels, and determine a child’s strengths and weaknesses.
The evaluation process consists of agreed upon number of sessions and include the following components:
- An interview with the parents or guardian regarding the child’s background and academic history.
- A phone interview with the child’s teacher(s) if necessary.
- A battery of tests to assess some or all of the following areas: Intellectual functioning, academic skills and, in some cases, further assessment of emotional, social or behavioral difficulties.
- A final session with the parents or guardians to share the evaluation results and recommendations. A written report is also provided.
Questions we commonly hear from parents seeking a psychoeducational assessment for their child include:
- Why is our child so uninterested or irritable lately?
- Does my child have a learning disability?
- Why does my child have so much trouble focusing at school?
- Does my child have a diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Our evaluations focus on developing specific recommendations to support the learning and development of students who are struggling in a variety of areas at school and at home.
About Our Clinicians
Our assessments are completed by a experienced, licensed psychologists, using the most up-to-date and advanced tools.
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Table of Contents
What is used to cure illness?
Medicines are chemicals or compounds used to cure, halt, or prevent disease; ease symptoms; or help in the diagnosis of illnesses. Advances in medicines have enabled doctors to cure many diseases and save lives. These days, medicines come from a variety of sources.
How does a pill work in your body?
A lot of medicines are swallowed, either as a pill or a liquid. Once the medicine is swallowed, the digestive juices in the stomach break it down, and the medicine can pass into the bloodstream. Your blood then carries it to other parts of your body where the medicine works best.
What is the most important drug?
Here we list the top 10 most important drugs developed.
- Penicillin – 1942. Penicillin was first developed in 1928, but started to be used in 1942.
- Insulin – 1922.
- Smallpox vaccine.
- Morphine – 1827.
- Aspirin – 1899.
- Polio vaccine.
- Chlorpromazine or thorazine – 1951.
- Chemotherapy drugs – 1990s.
What drugs are used for medical purposes?
And scientists are finding that some illegal drugs have significant medicinal uses.
- Heroin for Opiate Addiction. The majority of opiate addicts don’t use heroin.
- Ketamine for Bipolar Disorder.
- MDMA for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
- Magic Mushrooms for Alcoholism and Anxiety.
How can I repair my body naturally?
Studies have shown that these simple changes will have a huge impact on your health!
- Sleep. The health benefits of sleep are well established, however, we frequently “get by” on very little sleep.
- Drink More Water.
- Eat Nutrient Dense Foods.
- Be Positive.
- Exercise Routinely.
What disease has no cure?
Some of the common medical conditions of people requiring care at the end of life include:
- dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease.
- advanced lung, heart, kidney and liver disease.
- stroke and other neurological diseases, including motor neurone disease and multiple sclerosis.
- Huntington’s disease.
- muscular dystrophy.
Do tablets come out in your poop?
Finding a pill in the stool is entirely normal for long acting medications. In a recent study, over half of the people taking a long acting form of Metformin for diabetes reported seeing ghost tablets in the stool.
Why do pills not dissolve in stomach?
Not all drugs are meant to be dissolved in the stomach, because the acidic environment can interfere with the drug’s potency. If a medication does not dissolve in the stomach, it is usually the job of the juices inside the large intestine to break it down, before it is further metabolised.
What drug has no side effects?
Some pharmaceutical companies have come close to developing drugs with no side effects. For example, take Tradjenta (linagliptin). It is indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Tradjenta is a dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.
What is the number 1 prescribed drug?
The Top 300 Drugs of 2019
|Rank||Drug Name||Total Prescriptions (2019)|
What are the 4 types of medicines?
Types of medicines
- Liquid. The active part of the medicine is combined with a liquid to make it easier to take or better absorbed.
- Tablet. The active ingredient is combined with another substance and pressed into a round or oval solid shape.
- Topical medicines.
What are the 10 most prescribed drugs?
Top 10 Prescription Drugs in the U.S.
- Vicodin (hydrocodone/acetaminophen)
- Albuterol (Accuneb, Ventolin, Proair, Proventil)
- Lisinopril (Generic for Prinivil or Zestril)
- Levothyroxine (generic for Synthroid)
- Gabapentin (Neurontin)
- Metformin (generic for Glucophage)
- Lipitor (atorvastatin)
- Amlodipine (generic for Norvasc)
How does the human body heal from illness?
And cell damage caused by illness—or by harsh therapies, in the case of cancer, hepatitis, and other diseases—gets mended by the same hordes of microscopic miracle workers. There are so many cells assisting us in healing that we could never count them all.
How to restore your body’s natural healing power?
10 Keys to Activate Your Body’s Natural Healing Power and Reverse Chronic Disease 1 Don’t identify with the disease. 2 Upgrade your Nutrition. 3 Don’t view your illness as horrible, or terrible. 4 The body knows how to heal itself. 5 Find the meaning in your illness. 6 (more items)
What can you do to boost your immune system?
Lemon Water — Give Your Immune System A Boost. If you like flavor — and want to give your immune system a vitamin-C boost — squeeze fresh lemon in hot or warm water to help your body stay hydrated. Lemons are high in a fiber called pectin — a prebiotic that assists good gut health by feeding healthy gut bacteria.
How are medicines used to treat different illnesses?
Different Types of Medicines. Medicines act in a variety of ways. Some can cure an illness by killing or halting the spread of invading germs, such as bacteria and viruses. Others are used to treat cancer by killing cells as they divide or preventing them from multiplying.
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Both the size and the binding of Richard Russell’s sermon notebook are unusual for 17th-century New England. The book is significantly larger than most extant sermon notebook, and it is bound in limp vellum.
You can still see the remnant of a vellum tie that was used to keep the book closed. Ties and clasps on early books protected NOT the written text from prying eyes but rather the material of the book itself. Keeping the tightly closed protected the leaves inside from vermin that would have found the organic material in the paper delicious. The leaves of a tightly closed book were less like to expand and contract with changes in heat and humidity, and so the spine of the book was protected as well.
Sermon notebooks often survive because they are passed down in families. A later owner inscribed Russell’s notebook in 1774 “Thomas Abbot / Ejus Liber” (Latin for “Thomas Abbot His Book,” an early possessive form that preceded the modern form “Thomas Abbot’s book”).
Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society.
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This study guide Across Five Aprils is a novel by Irene Hunt, set in the Civil War era. Jethro Creighton, the main character, was Irene Hunt's real grandfather.
Please click on the literary analysis category you wish to be displayed. Back and Next buttons can guide you through all the sections or you can choose to jump from section to section using the links below or the links at the left.
Author: Irene Hunt
Published: January 8, 2002
Pages: 224 pages
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At some point in life, most people will experience dizziness. There are many causes for dizziness but it’s often due to a problem with the vestibular system, located in the inner ear.
Dizziness can be treated without medication or surgery.
Here are the five main distinctions of inner ear-related dizziness:
- Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or turning. The most common vertigo is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo where tiny calcium crystals in the inner ear move around causing the sensation of vertigo.
- Lightheadedness or wooziness is feeling faint, such as what might happen when you stand up quickly. It can often result from an inner ear disorder in a gravity sensor called the otolith organ or be associated with your blood pressure.
- Motion sickness is a form of dizziness that makes you feel nauseous. It can occur from any kind of movement such as on a boat or sitting in the back seat of a car. It can also result from a concussion or ear infection.
- Disequilibrium is an unsteady feeling when standing or walking. It’s like getting off a ride at Disney Land and being unable to walk straight. People using canes and walkers often have this form of imbalance.
- Behavioral dizziness results from feeling anxious or panicked about being dizzy. It’s a psychological reaction to an existing issue that causes dizziness symptoms to get worse. This, too, can be treated with physical therapy.
While medications are often prescribed for dizziness, it is possible to reduce or eliminate it through physical therapy. For example, balance and vestibular physical therapy helps you recover the weakened vestibular system and use your other senses such as vision and touch to compensate for the loss of balance. In simple terms, the brain recalibrates and reeducates itself. The balance system is similar to muscles–you can lose it if you don’t use it. Training the balance system takes time, patience and practice. The first few weeks are always challenging but within a month, most patients feel better and experience dramatic improvement. The number of sessions needed varies by person and disorder severity but most people see significant improvement in less than two months.
Depending on the cause, physical therapy approaches to dizziness include:
- Balance Retraining: For patients whose dizziness is due to disequilibrium, practical solutions to common problems are offered. For example, how to negotiate walking on uneven surfaces such as thick carpet or lawns. Movement coordination and improve participation in everyday activities are high priorities.
- Repositioning/Canalith Maneuvers: This therapy is specifically for patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positioning Vertigo. Using special hands-on techniques, a physical therapist moves the patient’s head and neck to reposition the calcium crystal debris floating in the inner ear to reduce/eliminate the vertigo.
- Strengthening/Endurance Therapy: Patients with disequilibrium or chronic dizziness are often weak and frail from the disorder. Traditional physical therapy using progressive resistant exercise and endurance exercises help patients reduce fall risk and improve overall health and wellness.
- Self-directed Home Programs: Following a one-hour training session, the patient is provided with a set of at-home exercises. Performed for a few minutes several times a day, most patients report relief within just a few months.
While an inner ear dysfunction is the most common cause of dizziness, it can also result from medications, circulatory and neurological conditions. The first step in treating your dizziness is discovering the root cause. Physical therapists are specially trained and certified in assessing and treating your dizziness disorder.
You don’t need to live with dizziness. With physical therapy, you can right your world again and return to doing the activities you love!
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The internet has changed the way people learn. It has provided multiple options and sources for students to find information. Youtube, blogs and podcast have added a new dynamic to the learning experience. But the question is how can educators use these tools to their advantage?
Imagine having a healthy discussion with a group of students around a topic. Some of them bring up points from your podcast or even ask other questions for clarification following an interview you did. That’s what a podcast can do.
Create a Study Resources
Young people live on their mobile phones, so why not create resources for them to use while they are preparing for exams. The beauty of a podcast is that instead of them listening to music, they can playback a lesson for further clarity on a topic. This is a neat idea to have notes in audio form catering to the learner who likes to listen
The other way to utilize a podcast is to add extra material not covered in class. This can be new analogies and examples to further explain your point. These extra examples can make a big difference to students retaining the material.
Expose them to real-world applications
Another way a podcast can help teachers is to talk about real-world applications of a subject. This can be interviewing industry practitioners and subject matter experts about current trends in the industry.
What this does is get persons to buy into the topic by seeing the relevance of what you are talking about. For example, a subject like English, talking to leaders about knowing how to communicate using the written word. This can help students see the relevance of the subject and learn to appreciate it.
Change the teaching style
Finally, changing your approach in your podcast can be a testing ground for new ideas. Maybe a more fun approach can be a way to get listeners drawn to your unique style. Maybe a more practical how-to-style or teach through stories. The possibilities are endless.
The aim is to experiment with different ideas. Finding what your students will respond to and get them drawn into your subject area. Podcasts can add that experience and offer a way to engage with students in a new way.
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The historic city of Cuzco, which many tourist know of, is part of a the greater global tourist attraction schematic. Throughout the ages, this city has undergone many transformations, reconstructions, and modifications. Beautiful Cuzco is not the Cuzco that once was. One of the most important tume periods for the city was during the Spanish arrival onto Inca lands.
Two years after the death of Atahualpa, the Spanish conquistadors reached the city of Cuzco. On March 23, 1534, the Spaniards annexed the city to the Spanish empire. Once setting foot within Cuzco’s then city limits, the Spanish were shocked and impressed by the perfect street system, the extreme detail given to public art spaces, and above all esle, they were impressed by the city’s architecture.
The temple of Korlcancha, which was the center of worship for the ancient god Inti, was of great interest to the arriving Spaniards with it being a structure totally covered with layers of pure gold which made the temple shine to the point that the city center could see the illuminant temple. Likewise, the city streets were decorated with gold and silver statues of gods and idols. The statues served as way points and markers for pedestrians and city-goers. The city was so beautiful that the Spaniards themselves claimed it a city fit for the utmost admiration of all of Spain’s kings. The statues, the temple of Korlcancha, and much more were eventually plundered and taken by the Spanish conquistadors. All of the gold was taken and split amongst the arriving Spaniards.
The people of Cuzco, who had welcomed Atahualpa’s death because of his involvement in the murder of his brother Huascar, the capital’s Governor and true heir to the crown, fought long hard battles against the invading Spanish forces at Fort Sacsayhuman. The rise against the Spanish was quelled simply because of one lone factor: the Spaniard’s gunpowder.
The remaining Incas, led by Manco Inca Ypanqui, fled the city towards Vilcabamba where they established a government and resistance against the Spaniards. This situation caught the attention of the Spanish Military which eventually sent armies to hunt down the remaining Inca resistance. As a result of this campaign against the Inca’s last stand, Cuzco was flooded with Spaniards and turned into the capital of Spanish ruled Peru.
Vice lord Francisco de Toledo intervened during this time period. He was set on capturing and disposing of the last Inca king Tupac Amaru. His eventual death marked the end of the Inca’s empire.
Throughout the resistance wars, the Spanish migration caused a Euro-urbanization of former capital city of the the Incas.
The most important aspect of European-cities were their Plaza de Amras where soldiers were stationed and where they held a vital vantage point within respected their cities. Spain’s colonies were no exceptions, and here at Cuzco, they placed their Plaza de Armas in the former plaza which had served the Incas for the very same reason.
Due to the indigenous resistance, the Spaniards decided to turn the Inca’s religious sites into Catholic establishments. The Santo Domingo covenant was built over what was once the Koricancha temple. Likewise, all of the Sun Virgin temples were turned into Santa Catalina monasteries.
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Mental illness has also been linked with poorer diet, lack of exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption.
Washington DC: Even with increased awareness about mental illness, according to a new study, depression is still strongly linked to higher long-term risk of early death for both women and men.
"There is less stigma associated with depression, better treatments are available, but depression's link to mortality still persists," said Dr. Stephen Gilman.
"At first, the association was limited to men, but in later years it was seen for women as well."
The Stirling County Study, begun in 1952 in Atlantic Canada, is well-known internationally as one of the first community-based studies on mental illness. A researcher from the original study, Dr. Jane Murphy with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, is a coauthor on this latest research study.
An international team of researchers looked at 60 years of mental health data on 3410 adults during 3 periods (1952-1967, 1968-1990 and 1991-2011) from a region in Atlantic Canada and linked the data to deaths in the Canadian Mortality Database.
They found that the link between depression and an increased risk of death was observed in all decades of the study among men, whereas it emerged among women beginning in the 1990s.
The risk of death associated with depression appeared strongest in the years following a depressive episode, leading the authors to speculate that this risk could be reversed by achieving remission of depression.
The mean age of participants at enrolment in the study was about 49 years. "The lifespan for young adults with depression at age 25 was markedly shorter over the 60-year period, ranging from 10 to 12 fewer years of life in the first group, 4 to 7 years in the second group and 7 to 18 fewer years of life in the 1992 group," says Dr. Ian Colman, Canada Research Chair in the School of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario.
"Most disturbing is the 50% increase in the risk of death for women with depression between 1992 and 2011."
Though depression has also been linked with poorer diet, lack of exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption -- all factors that can result in chronic health conditions -- these did not explain the increased risk of death associated with depression in this study.
Societal change may help explain the emergent risk of death for women with depression.
"During the last 20 years of the study in which women's risk of death increased significantly, roles have changed dramatically both at home and in the workplace, and many women shoulder multiple responsibilities and expectations," says Dr. Colman.
The authors suggest that family physicians should monitor patients for mood disturbances, especially recurrent episodes of depression, so that they may offer treatment and support.
The study has been published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
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For more than 500 years, Sikhs around the world have been preparing, sharing and eating food, known as ‘langar’, with the wider community.
Now, as the nationwide need for foodbanks and soup kitchens continues to grow, seven days of awareness are being held to promote the concept to all people in need of a free meal.
Langar is a term used to describe the free kitchen and food initiative that is served to visitors at a Sikh Gurdwara.
A central part of their religion, the concept was designed by the founder of the Sikh faith, Guru Nanak Dev Ji, in the 15th century, in order to uphold the principle of equality between all people regardless of their background.
In Leeds, the Guru Nanak Nishkam Sewak Jatha (GNNSJ) is just one Gurdwara which provides langar to those who visit the site, 365 days a year.
Operating an open door policy, any person, of any faith, is welcome to visit the place of worship for a free meal.
GNNSJ Chairman, Harbans Singh Sagoo, explained how important it was for greater awareness to be created to help people ‘struggling in society’.
“Wherever you go in the world, a Gurdwara will provide a free meal when it can,” Mr Sagoo said.
“In Leeds there are at least two that provide langar every day and we regularly have a diverse range of people coming down to use the service.
“People are facing more and more problems now because of the economy and this has brought forward the concept of foodbanks.
“We as the Sikh community want to let people know that the system of langar is available to them and by having this National Langar Week, we are attempting to create more awareness.”
He added: “Our scriptures say that ‘where the spirit of God prevails, nobody should go hungry’ and we must practice our faith, not just preach it.
“Langar is a concept that can help people, particularly those who are homeless or socially deprived, and so we must help who we can.”
Every meal served is suitable for vegetarians as to cater for people of all beliefs, including Muslim (halal) and Jewish (kosher), regardless of where the gurdwara is in the world.
The central gurdwara for the Sikh faith, the Golden Temple in Amritsar, and serve up to 50,000 meals a day free of charge and that number can increase to more than 80,000 during celebrations.
Mr Sagoo said he does everything he can to ensure all people are catered for when they come to the door of the Beeston-based Gurdwara yet accepted that there are sometimes challenges to overcome.
“Langar has been abused in the past with people who are perhaps drunk or on drugs coming to the gurdwara and being disruptive.
“This causes a conflict, because as men of faith we need to show compassion, yet they cannot come in to the place of worship if they are behaving poorly.
“Therefore, we invested in plastic boxes to carry food so now if someone comes to the door and is drunk or disorderly, we give them the food in a box to take away and eat.
“We would still much rather people come inside to sit down and talk to us because that is how you forge friendships and learn about each other’s lives.”
National Langar Week is officially held this year between 1st and 7th November.
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The Bahamas is home to a lush and abundant ecosystem.
Among the indigenous species of trees are the Caribbean Pine, often referred to as Yellow Pine, the Pineyard Pink Orchid, Bushy Beard Grass, and Southern Bracken Fern. Wild guava, Five-finger or Chicken's foot, and Snowberry shrubs are also plentiful. Poisonwood trees are often seen covered in love vine and the Sabal Palmetto may dominate ground flora in certain pine forest areas. The Caribbean Pine is a light-demanding species that requires open areas with no competition from shading broad-leafed plants. Caribbean pinelands are called "fire climax communities" by botanists, for if periodic fires do not occur to remove the shading broad-leafed understory, young pines cannot get sufficient light to take hold and replace the adult trees as they die off. Without these fires the pinelands would certainly be overtaken by the broadleafed coppice - a hardwood forest.
Extremely well adapted to fire, the Caribbean Pine adults are rarely killed by the flames. Their fire resistance is due to volatile resins in the bark, which explode when heated, putting out any small fires that start at the bark. Juvenile pines are not as resistant as the adults and are generally killed, but reseeding takes place around the base of the adult trees rapidly.
Bahamians have been utilizing the Caribbean Pine for hundreds of years, however, large-scale commercial exploitation of the resource did not begin until the early 1900's. In 1905, a sawmill was constructed near Wilson City, Abaco where it ran for twelve years. As local pinelands were utilized, the mill was moved to other areas. By 1943, all of the virgin pine of Abaco had been cut except for an area north of Crossing Rocks and a forest between Norman's Castle and Marsh Harbour.
In 1944 the Abaco mill was moved to Grand Bahama, where large scale logging operations continued until the 1970's. Meanwhile, commercial harvesting of pine started in Andros in 1906 and in New Providence in 1923. In New Providence, few people remember the sawmill that was constructed near Jack Pond, south of Gambier. As trees of sufficient diameter for lumber-making became scarce, the industry turned its attention to harvesting immature secondary trees which were ground into pulp for paper making.
Research completed in the l96O's indicated that the Caribbean pine may be one of the most commercially useful pine species in the world. It is fast growing, has considerable girth (some trees in the virgin forest measure over thirty inches in diameter), makes excellent pulpwood, and is rich in turpentine and resins. Forest biologists have grown it in many environments and it is likely that Caribbean pine will be grown commercially all over the world in years to come.
Pine forest only occurs on the northern islands of the Bahamas: Grand Bahama, Andros, Abaco and New Providence. Reports indicate that it was once found on the Berry Islands and is also known to grow in the Caicos Islands. Areas of protected pine forest include the Rand Nature Centre and the Lucayan National Park, Grand Bahama and the Abaco National Park in southern Abaco.
The pine forests of the Bahamas are also home to Wild Boar, a popular game species on the island of Abaco. There are also populations of feral cats and Raccoons. Quail, Wood doves and White-crowned pigeon, which feed on Poisonwood, may also frequent the pine forest and several migratory species of duck, such as the Blue-winged Teal utilize the ponds and lakes of this ecosystem.
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The 3 Key Steps After You Receive A Target LetterMarch 26, 2020
Finding a Great Attorney for a Federal Crime CaseMarch 26, 2020
When a crime is prosecuted in a federal court the trials will follow federal procedures. It only makes sense for a federal court to set their own guidelines when sentencing in their own courts. These guidelines were actually enacted fairly recently as a result of some sentencing discrepancies. This enactment took place in 1984 and is called the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984.
Before this time, a sentence was given in a maximum and minimum time served and the details would be decided by the prison board. But, under the new system the dates and time served can be set at the time of sentencing.
This functions better both for the defendants and the prison systems. Now the defendant will receive their sentencing at one point and will not have to work with the prison board to determine how much longer their sentence will last.
Offenses will be evaluated by their seriousness when being prosecuted in federal court. If a crime is especially heinous, it will be considered more serious and merit a more severe sentencing. There are set guidelines for determining which of the 43 degrees of severity the crime in question will fall into. Each crime will be given its base sentence and then the level severity can be increased or decreased from this point.
For example, if the crime was robbery, the offense is already severe. But, if the defendant also brandished a weapon the severity rises. If a firearm was discharged during the robbery, the severity level of the crime can rise higher.
The severity may be decreased if the defendant’s role in the crime was minor. But, if the defendant chose the victim because of their age, mental state or some other vulnerability, the charges may be more severe. The specific adjustments and characteristics of a crime can be affected by many factors related.
Criminal History Category
Another important factor that will be taken into account will be the criminal record of the defendant. The specifics of their criminal record can have them placed into 1 of six categories identified by Roman numerals.
The first is the least severe category, reserved for first time offenders. At the other end of the line in category six are the more severe categories. These are reserved for defendants with a longer history of more serious criminal activity.
The Guideline Range
To determine the final official offense level all the factors will be considered. First the adjustments and characteristics of the crime itself will be applied. After the level of the crime is determined it will be connected to an appropriate prison sentence as laid out on a table, listed by months.
Then again, if the offense is especially high, or the criminal history category more severe, the sentence applied to the defendant can be much more severe.
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How can you tell if someone is psychotic?
The 2 main symptoms of psychosis are: hallucinations – where a person hears, sees and, in some cases, feels, smells or tastes things that do not exist outside their mind but can feel very real to the person affected by them; a common hallucination is hearing voices.
What is the top mental illness?
Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health condition in the US and can include OCD, panic attacks and phobias. It is estimated that 40 million adults have an anxiety disorder.
What is the most difficult mental illness?
“Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental disorder marked by a pattern of ongoing instability in moods, behavior, self-image, and functioning. These experiences often result in impulsive actions and unstable relationships.
What are the most common disorders?
Below are the five most common mental health disorders in America and their related symptoms:
- Anxiety Disorders. The most common category of mental health disorders in America impacts approximately 40 million adults 18 and older.
- Mood Disorders.
- Psychotic Disorders.
- Eating disorders.
What are the early warning signs of psychosis?
Fact Sheet: Early Warning Signs of Psychosis
- Worrisome drop in grades or job performance.
- New trouble thinking clearly or concentrating.
- Suspiciousness, paranoid ideas or uneasiness with others.
- Withdrawing socially, spending a lot more time alone than usual.
- Unusual, overly intense new ideas, strange feelings or having no feelings at all.
What mental illness does the Joker have?
In addition to pseudobulbar affect, Arthur demonstrates a constellation of symptoms of different kinds of mental illness, including erotomanic delusions, ideas of reference, and disorganized thinking. He also does not appear to take social cues, such as knowing when he is being mocked.
Can a mental illness be cured?
Treatment can involve both medications and psychotherapy, depending on the disease and its severity. At this time, most mental illnesses cannot be cured, but they can usually be treated effectively to minimize the symptoms and allow the individual to function in work, school, or social environments.
What are 5 ways to wellbeing?
5 steps to mental wellbeing
- Connect with other people. Good relationships are important for your mental wellbeing.
- Be physically active. Being active is not only great for your physical health and fitness.
- Learn new skills.
- Give to others.
- Pay attention to the present moment (mindfulness)
What are some challenges that may inhibit a person identified with a co-occurring disorder from participating in medication assisted therapies?
Barriers within the mental health system
- Organizational failure to sustain integrated care.
- Limited support for training staff in co-occurring disorder treatment.
- Diagnostic and billing restrictions.
What is the best standard definition of co-occurring disorders?
According to Psychology Today, co-occurring disorders can be defined as: Clients with co-occurring disorders (COD) have one or more disorders relating to the use of alcohol and/or other drugs of abuse as well as one or more mental disorders.
Is there a disorder for being lazy?
AFTER decades of being branded ‘lazy’ and ‘over tired’, sufferers of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have finally been told what they knew all along — that it is a ‘real’ and ‘serious’ disease.
What’s the hardest mental illness to live with?
Why Borderline Personality Disorder is Considered the Most “Difficult” to Treat. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is defined by the National Institute of Health (NIH) as a serious mental disorder marked by a pattern of ongoing instability in moods, behavior, self-image, and functioning.
What is the root cause of mental illness?
Mental illness itself occurs from the interaction of multiple genes and other factors — such as stress, abuse, or a traumatic event — which can influence, or trigger, an illness in a person who has an inherited susceptibility to it.
What should you not say when someone is psychotic?
Don’t argue, say “You’re crazy,” or “ That’s not happening” Accept this is their reality. Be true to yourself. You might say, “ I can’t see them but I know you can.”
How do you know if you have mental health issues?
Each illness has its own symptoms, but common signs of mental illness in adults and adolescents can include the following: Excessive worrying or fear. Feeling excessively sad or low. Confused thinking or problems concentrating and learning.
How do I know if I am delusional?
An irritable, angry, or low mood. Hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not really there) that are related to the delusion (For example, a person who believes he or she has an odor problem may smell a bad odor.)
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Pakistan has suffered it’s worst floods in known history. The floods are a result of record torrential rainfall, melting glaciers in the nations northern mountains and to some degree form the uncoordinated release of water from dams in India. Read more (here).
The UN children’s agency UNICEF have warned in particular about the impact of these floods on children, they said:
“When a sudden onset emergency such as an earthquake or hurricane strikes, it’s children who suffer first and suffer most.
As well as the immediate, devastating impacts – loss of life, destruction of homes and communities – the chaos of an emergency can threaten access to food, shelter and social support.
Children and mothers are often cut off from basic and essential care, including life-saving medicines and supplies.
The risk of malnutrition soars.
Shattered infrastructure means families can lose access to adequate sanitation and hygiene facilities, leaving children even more susceptible to water-borne diseases.
The destruction of schools means children can lose safety and routine.
Without access to education, they risk losing their futures.” Read more (here)
The disaster has illustrated the stark disparity between countries that are the largest contributors towards climate change and countries that bear the brunt of its impact.
Less than 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions is produced by Pakistan, however the geography of Pakistan makes it one of the most vulnerable nations.
British Asian Christian Association has been providing flood relief in Pakistan since August (click here).
Already we have distributed food supplies to 8 villages (click here) and though we primarily help Christians, we have been distributing to grateful Hindu (click here) and Muslim communities in the vicinity of Christian villages.
We have installed one water pump safely providing clean water to over 150 households in Sindh and hope to install a second water pump by the end of the week. Many more clean water pumps will be installed by the end of September/October as flood water subsides.
After a call for help from local Evangelist Raimel who resides in the village of Poppat Colony, Sindh, British Asian Christian Association (BACA) sent supplies to help thwart and to sustain a near starving community.
People living here have not been able to return to the homes and are expected to have to wait for a month at least till the water subsides, as they are located in a valley.
On 14th September we were able to furnish these villagers with Mosquito nets and today (15th September) food parcels were also distributed.
Families here have asked for tents as their makeshift homes are not protecting them from the rain which is still falling occasionally in Pakistan. The rainfall should end by the end of September. Tents can be stored by affected communities and utilised during future floods.
Evangelist Raimel, thanked BACA for their help, he said:
“We have never received help in any previous flood and did not expect support this time.
“We are a small Christian community that have been ignored by the Government, rescue services and NGO’s every year.
“A local Pastor told us about BACA, we managed to ask him to connect us and they have saved us from starvation and given us much needed mosquito nets.
“We thank God for BACA and for their supporters.”
The floods have created many associated problems for communities that have been forced onto the roads of nearby towns, that are on higher ground, have good drainage and have sone flood protection. The main issue is the danger from moving vehicles. We reported two days ago on the accident that Sonia a 7 year old Christian suffered in which her knee was badly damaged (click here). Her father has borrowed 20,000 Pak rupees (£80) to pay for an initial cast and some treatment, but all in all with travel to hospital and further treatment required they are required to pay £320 to get the right medical treatment for Sonia. We have been asked to raise the total cost for this treatment so they can settle their loan early and get Sonia good and well again. If you would like to help please donate (here)
Our work Helping flood victims in Pakistan continues to grow and we are now serving 9 different communities across the countries. From a town called Nowshera at Khyber Paktunkwa (KPK) in the North, to Eastern Punjab, to the Sindh in the South. We begin work on a second water pump tomorrow that will provide water to over 50 families in Tanda Adam in the Sindh. As water dissipates we hope to undertake more clean water projects. You can donate to this work by clicking (here)
In response to UNICEF’s concern about the loss of schools in Pakistan, BACA will also be helping a community in flood-ravaged Kasur build the first school for enslaved brick-kiln children. The school will operate as a church on Sundays, and school from Monday to Friday. It is hoped through education enslaved children will be able to free their families from indentured labour. The school will also contain public toilets and a well that will prevent Christian girls from kidnap, rape and forced Islamic marriage a known social malaise. In 2014 Muslim NGO ‘Movement of Solidarity and Peace’ estimated 700 Christians girls suffer abduction and unwanted Islamic marriage (click here). You can donate to this project (here).
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A complete blood count (CBC) is a common medical test that your doctor may recommend to monitor your health. In cancer care, this blood test can be used to help diagnose a cancer or monitor how cancer or its treatment is affecting your body. For example, people undergoing chemotherapy often receive regular CBCs.
In cancer care, a CBC is used to:
Help diagnose some blood cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma
Find out if cancer has spread to bone marrow
See how your body is being affected by cancer treatment
Diagnose and monitor noncancerous conditions during cancer treatment
A CBC is one of many ways that your doctor can monitor your health. Based on the results, your doctor may alter your treatment or prescribe new medications.
How is a CBC performed?
First, your doctor will order the CBC test be done as part of your medical care. Then, your blood will be drawn for a blood sample. Sometimes you will need to avoid eating or taking certain medications before getting a CBC to get the most accurate results. Your health care provider will let you know if this is the case.
After your blood is drawn, the sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. Your health care provider will let you the results, such as through a phone call or your online patient portal. Learn more about how to manage anxiety when you get online medical test results.
What does a CBC measure?
A CBC test measures different substances in your blood, including your white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
On your CBC, you may see the following measurements:
White blood cell count
White blood cell differential
Red blood cell count
Hemoglobin (Hg or Hgb)
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Your doctor may measure other factors besides the ones listed above as part of a CBC. All of these factors have a "normal range." Your health care team will note this range on your CBC lab results. A range is used instead of a specific number because amounts vary from person to person. Your results may also indicate if your levels fall outside of these ranges.
What white blood cell tests are included in a CBC?
White blood cells protect your body from infection by attacking invading bacteria, viruses, and other foreign materials. Some white blood cells can also attack cancer cells.
There are usually 2 white blood count measurements in a CBC:
White blood cell count measures the number of white blood cells in your blood sample. It is also called a leukocyte count.
White blood cell differential measures the number of each type of the five major white blood cell types. Each type plays a role in protecting your body. Your doctor can learn valuable information about your health by measuring the levels of these cells.
These types of white blood cells are:
What red blood cell tests are included in a CBC?
Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and carry oxygen throughout your body. They also remove carbon dioxide from your body.
There are usually 4 red blood cell count measurements in a CBC:
Red blood cell count measures the number of red blood cells in a sample. It is also called an erythrocyte count.
Hematocrit measures the percentage of your blood that is made up of red blood cells.
Hemoglobin measures the amount of protein carrying oxygen in red blood cells
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) measures the size of your red blood cells.
What platelet tests are included in a CBC?
Platelets are blood cells that form clots to stop bleeding. On your CBC test results, the platelet count measures the total number of platelets in your blood sample.
What do CBC results mean?
Your health care team will carefully read your CBC test results. Keep in mind that there are many factors, including noncancerous conditions, that can lead to results falling outside of the normal range. Ask your doctor to help you understand what your results mean. Common test results falling outside of normal ranges on a CBC are explained below.
Low white blood cell count. Some cancer treatments, mainly chemotherapy, can lower your white blood cell count.
Cancers that affect the blood can also lower white blood cell count. These types of cancers include leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
High and low results in the white blood cell differential. Having results that show higher or lower than normal numbers of certain white blood cells can mean different things.
Higher-than-normal numbers of lymphocytes or monocytes can indicate the possibility of certain types of cancer. Some cancers and their treatment may cause low numbers of neutrophils, a condition called neutropenia. Neutropenia can increase your chance of a bacterial infection.
If the CBC shows low numbers of neutrophils, the doctor may consider lowering the chemotherapy dose being given. This can help reduce the risk of developing neutropenia. You may also be prescribed medication, such as white blood cell growth factors, to increase your body's production of neutrophils, especially if you develop a fever.
Low red blood cell count. Some cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, can lower your red blood cell count. This condition is known as anemia.
Blood loss, either from surgery or certain types of cancer, and cancers that affect the bone marrow can also cause or worsen anemia.
People whose red blood cell count falls too low may need a blood transfusion or medication to help bring the level up.
Low platelet count. Some cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, can lower platelet count. Cancers that affect the bone marrow can also lower the platelet count. An unusually low number of platelets is called thrombocytopenia.
People with a low platelet level have a greater risk of serious bleeding or bruising. If your platelet count falls to very low levels, your doctor may recommend platelet transfusions.
Questions to ask your health care team
Your CBC test gives a snapshot of your health and your body's reaction to some cancer treatments. Ask your health care team if you have questions about the results or how to interpret them. Discuss how the results compare to previous tests and how they will be used to design or tailor your cancer treatments.
Questions to ask about your CBC test:
Why am I having this test?
How and where is this test done?
Do I need to avoid eating and drinking before the test? If so, for how long?
Do I need to stop taking any of my medications ahead of time for this test? If so, which medications? For how long?
How will I receive the results of my CBC test? When?
What do my CBC test results mean? Will someone explain them to me?
If my results are within a normal range, what are the next steps?
If my results are outside of a normal range, what are the next steps?
Am I at an increased risk for a problem, such as infections or bleeding, that I should watch out for based on these results?
How do these test results compare with my previous results?
- Will I need additional tests? If so, when?
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The closer you live to a major roadway, the greater your risk of stroke, according to a recent study that assessed the impact of air pollution on the brain.
Published in the medical journal Stroke, this study analyzed data from the Framingham Offspring Study, which is part of one of the longest running research studies in the United States. Using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans and U.S. census data, researchers hoped to investigate the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and stroke risk. While studies have linked air pollution to increased risk for conditions like stroke and dementia, less is known about how it impacts brain structure itself.
A total of 943 older adults were included in the study, all of whom were at least 60 years old and had no history of dementia or stroke. During the study period, participants underwent an MRI, which provides detailed images of the brain and is especially useful in diagnosing stroke—a condition that occurs when blood flow to the brain stops. Using U.S. census data, researchers also calculated participants’ proximity to major roadways and their exposure to a type of air pollution called fine particulate matter. Fine particulate matter are particles found in the air that are so small they can be inhaled and go deep into the lungs, having an adverse effect on health.
After analysis, researchers found that higher levels of exposure to air pollution were linked to smaller brain size—a sign of many diseases that affect the brain. The more exposure subjects had to air pollution, the greater their risk of “silent” strokes, which cause damage to the brain but do not cause any outward symptoms. The good news is that the further subjects lived from a major roadway, the healthier their brains were.
This study highlights the negative impact that long-term exposure to air pollution can have on our health. As authors explain, their findings suggest that air pollution can cause the brain to age more quickly, even in adults free of dementia and stroke.
Fine particulate matter can come from sources like cars and power plants, and it’s important to minimize exposure to this dangerous type of air pollution as much as possible. Experts advise against walking or exercising in areas with major traffic and spending time outdoors during highly polluted periods, like rush hour. Additional information on air quality is also publically available through resources like AIRNOW, which can be used to further reduce exposure to air pollution.
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Bronze of Satyr
A copy of a Bronze of a Faun with the infant Bacchus, by Michele Amodio of Naples (1817-1913) after the antique (circa 1870).
This wonderful, lively group shows the infant Bacchus sitting atop a faun's shoulder.
The young God tempts the faun with a bunch of grapes in one hand, whilst he clutches his hair with the other. On the stump next to his feet lie insignia of the God - the pan pipes, shepherd's staff and a goat skin. The stump is also decorated with grapes and leaves.
The original bronze is a Roman copy of a Greek scultpture carved from marble around 200 BC.
This bronze group was cast towards the end of the 19th century. Bacchus, son of Jupiter, was the Roman God of wine, agriculture and fertility - equivalent to the Greek God Dionysus.
Faun and Satyr are confusing terms of descriptions. Generally fauns are Roman and Satyrs Greek.
Both, Half human and half goat, with large ears, cloven hooves and tails. Even more confusing is that during the Hellenistic period they were portrayed as handsome young men, carefree and romantic. In one form or another the term faun and stayr appear in both Greek and Roman mythology!
The group is in fine original condition with good patination.
Height: 29"/ 74cm
Width: 7.5" / 19cm
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For some people, too much of a good thing isn’t always good… and apparently too little isn’t either! That is one of the conclusions of an Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2013 review of sodium consumption and health effects. But don’t go telling your patients to return their salt shakers to the tables just yet! The committee concluded that certain populations, particularly diabetics and those with chronic kidney disease or congestive heart failure, could suffer adverse health effects when on a low sodium diet. Evidence concerning other high risk cardiovascular disease (CVD) groups, notably African Americans and those 51 and older, is inconclusive at best. Still the IOM upheld prevailing wisdom that most people will benefit from lowering their salt intake and that high blood pressure remains a reliable biomarker for CVD. The IOM is expected to continue to play a significant role in reviewing and helping to establish standards for American dietary intakes.
However, salt is not the only culprit when it comes to high blood pressure. In the majority of cases the etiology can be traced in fact to a combination of factors, at best, or totally unknown, at worst. Hypertension does increase dramatically with age, affecting three quarters of those over 75. Baroreceptors in our blood vessels, generally effective in regulating pressure, seem unable to cope with fluctuations as we grow older. This month, Klas Pettersen and his group at the Norwegian University of Life Science, put forth a computer model that may explain the how and why of it all. Simulating arterial stiffening, they then compared their results to actual patient studies and concluded that stiffening is sufficient to explain age-related hypertension. They further suggest that if a normal baroreflex could be reestablished in elderly patients, their high blood pressure could become a thing of the past. This is a promising and intriguing line of research for scientists to pursue.
May is National High Blood Pressure Month, and all healthcare professionals need to spread awareness about the importance of monitoring blood pressure and reducing sodium in our diets. If you are a Cardiovascular or Geriatric NP, RN or Nurse Manager, you have an even greater incentive to educate others about this silent killer. Want to work with these high risk populations? Call Centra at 800 535 0076.
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Into The Woods
I am often asked what books I would recommend to folks interested in learning more about forests and forestry, and so for my column this month I will recommend a few of my favorites. These books are great resources for forest-lovers, each addressing a key theme of forests and forest stewardship.
“The Hidden Forest: Biography of an Ecosystem” by Jon R. Luoma
For anyone interested in developing a better understanding of how forests work, this book is always my first recommendation. In it, Luoma follows a multi-disciplinary group of researchers at the Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon as they collaborate to build a more complete vision of the pieces, parts and processes that make forest ecosystems function. The genius of this book is both its easy-to-read, conversational tone and its clear, accurate, nuanced description of forest ecology.
I have found that an understanding of healthy forests is not something that any of us are born with — it is a something that we need to develop. Forests are at times unintuitive, messy and complicated; they are natural communities of profound depth and complexity, dynamic systems which embody resilience and celebrate death, regeneration and change. The first step towards learning how to care for and manage forests is learning what makes them tick, and this is a great resource for doing just that.
“Reading the Forested Landscape” by Tom Wessells
Understanding the legacies on New England’s historic landscape is a key ingredient in understanding how our modern-day forests came to be. In this book Wessels, an ecologist from southern Vermont, discusses how to “read” the history of our forests using clues like stone walls.
Since the early 1800’s, nearly all of Vermont’s forests have been cleared, many of them maintained as pastures for a century or more. While your backyard woods may seem ancient, it is likely that it was a pasture within the last 60-100 years, placing it at the very beginning of the process of forest development. This is true for forests across our landscape; they are relatively young and simple, lacking many of the qualities of the old forests that covered much of our region a few centuries ago.
As such, being able to read a forest’s history both adds richness to the experience of being in the woods and is a critical part of understanding Vermont’s forests. As forest-lovers, understanding the profoundly altered condition of our forests helps us understand and contextualize the steps that may be necessary to help them recover and adapt to the many changes and stressors of the modern world.
“A Sand County Almanac” by Aldo Leopold
Published in 1949, this work is a foundational text in the conservation world. Through a series of essays, Leopold — a forester and conservationist — discusses the nuances of his relationship with the land. Perhaps the most salient contribution of this book, and Leopold’s work in general, is the idea of the land ethic — the concept that we have a moral or ethical responsibility towards the land and its forests, wetlands, wildlife and waters.
In Vermont, each of us depends on forests for clean air, clean water, climate mitigation, scenic beauty, vibrant rural economies and more. Whether we have the privilege of owning our own forest or not, each of us also affects forests locally and globally through our choices and the resources that we consume. As Leopold details in this poignant book, each of us has the opportunity and the responsibility to define our own land ethic.
“Gathering Moss: A Natural and Cultural History of Mosses” by Robin Wall Kimmerer
In “Gathering Moss,” Kimmerer, a bryologist (a scientist who studies mosses and other bryophytes) — highlights her own land ethic while guiding the reader on an exploration into the enigmatic world of mosses. Kimmerer (the author of “Braiding Sweetgrass” — another great read) demonstrates how even the tiniest parts of the forest are rich with life and worthy of our care and attention.
While we often focus on trees, research increasingly shows that the other components of forests — mosses, lichens, plants, animals, insects, fungi — are critical to their health and function. As we endeavor to manage forests thoughtfully and responsibly, it is important to consider both the massive and the minute.
(Ethan Tapper is the Chittenden County Forester for the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation. See what he’s been up to, check out his YouTube channel, sign up for his eNews and read articles he’s written.)
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In 2015 some more unusual photography has been carried out on the Henry VIII Boxwood Rosary. The rosary was made in Flanders, early in the 16th-century, for Henry VIII and later purchased by William Spencer, 6th Duke of Devonshire. It is carved boxwood, 58 cm long with the Pater bead being 5.4 cm diameter.
The Natural History Museum in London has a computer generated imagery (CGI) scanner, which is unusually used to x-ray items rather than bodies. They have scanned the rosary with each scan taking 50 minutes. Two 360° CGI images will be created where minute detail of each bead can be studied together with the composition of the pieces and the voids within created during assembly of the carved pieces of boxwood.
Further photography was also completed at Chatsworth by two Canadian photographers; Ian Lefebvre and Craig Boyko, art photographers at the Art Gallery of Ontario; who have travelled the UK photographing 17 boxwood items in different collections. Over two days they took 1700 photographs of the rosary. These will be 'stacked' (upwards of 30 photographs per image will be layered by a computer programme) to generate images that are totally in focus with no depth of field. The file sizes will be huge so great magnification can be achieved for in-depth study.
All Henry VIII Boxwood Rosary images are courtesy of the Natural History Museum, London.
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One major concern in many industrialized countries is that a large number of children enter primary school, and even kindergarten or its equivalent, with widely differing levels of preparation for formal schooling or school readiness.a When school readiness is narrowly understood, the emphasis is to prepare or ready children so that they develop a specific set of academic skills and abilities--follow directions, demonstrate reading and reasoning skills, and carry out independent work1--by the time they enter school. In contrast, the U.S. National Education Goals Panelb took a broader approach, arguing that school readiness encompasses five dimensions: physical well-being and motor development, social and emotional development, language usage, cognition, and general knowledge.2 It is this broader definition, which has international applicability, that frames this discussion, with special attention to academic and related skills.
Research has found that on starting kindergarten, children who participated in high quality, model preschool programs were significantly more advanced in key areas of development than those who were in parental or informal care.1 The key areas were language, literacy and reasoning skills, and children’s concepts and understanding of the world around them. Former preschool participants were more eager to learn and try new things and less likely to be retained in a grade or placed in a special education class.3 Of particular importance, these results were disproportionately achieved by disadvantaged children.4,5
Because children’s readiness to learn is so strongly associated with future school performance, children who enter kindergarten less ready than their peers are unlikely to ever close the achievement gap. Given this concern, there is growing interest with regard to which programs are successful in achieving readiness goals. What does research tell us about the impact of ECEC programs on school readiness? And what are the implications for early childhood education and care (ECEC) policy and program development?
Most of the research on school readiness has been conducted in the U.S. Most of the U.S. research on the impact of ECEC on school readiness has highlighted two small-scale, random-assignment, experimental model programs: the High/Scope Perry Preschool Program and the Carolina Abecedarian Study. These studies found that high quality early childhood education can have large and significant effects on school readiness, produce both short- and long-term cognitive and academic benefits for children from disadvantaged backgrounds, and that the positive effects are disproportionately larger for disadvantaged children.4,5,6,7,8 A second focus has been on Head Start, the large scale compensatory education program now serving, primarily, 3- to 4-year-olds, designed to remedy the deficiencies disadvantaged children face when they start school. Studies of this program found that participation brings short-term benefits to children’s cognitive and socio-emotional development, but these positive impacts have been found to fade out by around the third grade.5,6,8,9 There is some debate regarding whether such fade-out is a problem of the program or is related to the poor schools attended by these children once they leave the program.
In contrast, we know much less about the effects of the typical preschool programs that most children experience in the U.S. and other English-speaking countries. Generally, these are more diverse, pro grammatically and in terms of the children served, and are of lower quality and lower cost than the model programs or Head Start. Several studies of such programs have demonstrated significant positive benefits and produced important results in terms of preparation for entry into primary school. In several cases, cognitive gains during the early childhood years were sustained through the early school years.
Recent Research Results
Magnusson, Ruhm and Waldfogel (2004)10 focus on school readiness using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Class of 1998-99 (ECLS-K), a large nationally representative sample of children who entered kindergarten in the fall of 1998. The overall finding is that children who attended prekindergarten programs entered primary school more ready to learn and had better math and reading performance at school entry. As well, there were more lasting cognitive gains for disadvantaged children.
Other U.S. studies finding positive school readiness outcomes include: the Chicago Child Care study, the Cost, Quality and Child Outcomes study, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Childcare, the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) study, and a study of a universal preschool program in Tulsa, Oklahoma, that concluded that regardless of race, ethnicity, and/or family income, the children who participated in the program demonstrated enhanced school readiness as compared with a similar group of children who did not participate. 11
Several international studies reached the same conclusions, including the Swedish longitudinal studies,12,13 a New Zealand longitudinal study (Competent Children’s Project), and a more recent British study, the Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) project.c The New Zealand study found that literacy, math, and social skills were sustained even at age 20.
Six lessons from this ECEC research are clear and generalizable internationally:
First, expanding access to ECEC for 3- to 4-year-olds is a key policy for enhancing child well-being, in general, and school readiness, in particular. Research has documented that preschool education can significantly improve primary school readiness and school performance and enhance overall child development. Children who participate in preschool programs are more likely to have better language skills, better verbal skills, better arithmetic skills, and consistently higher reading achievement scores. They are more interested in school when they attend primary school: They are more motivated to learn, to attend school, and to complete assignments and are more likely to have long term academic success. The universal preschool programs in Denmark, France, Italy, and Sweden are preschool exemplars, in which almost all children of 3 to 4 years old are enrolled.
Second, there is a growing body of evidence that quality can make a difference although the debate about the definition of quality continues. Children who receive high quality ECEC (defined as high staff-to-child ratios, small groups, and qualified/trained staff) are likely to demonstrate better cognitive and language abilities while those in lower quality settings are more likely to have difficulties with language, social, and behavior skills.14 Moreover, benefits for children of well-designed, intensive forms of ECEC (i.e., which are responsive to children’s needs and use good pedagogy) are less likely to fade out than those that are merely designed for custodial purposes.
Third, disadvantaged children benefit significantly more from a good quality preschool experience than more advantaged children. Preschool attendance can narrow the achievement gaps faced by disadvantaged children.
Fourth, there is an emerging trend toward integrating the education and care services into one system, increasingly into the educational system, a development likely to result in greater public support and higher quality programs. Sweden, New Zealand, Spain, Scotland, and the UK have already implemented this system.
Fifth, making preschool programs a full school-day program rather than a very short day, appears to lead to more positive outcomes. 15 The Scandinavian programs cover the full workday and the French preschool covers a long school day with after-school programs.16
Sixth, there is a growing need to pay more attention to policies and programs for parents with children under 3 years old, in particular parental leave policies. The EU provides statutory maternity and parental leaves ranging from 6 months to 3 years and Canada provides one year.
Promoting school readiness has emerged as an increasingly important factor in driving ECEC policy and program initiatives, supplementing the existing influence of high labor force participation rates of women with young children, with a goal of increasing human capital. As a result, countries are increasingly expanding the supply of ECEC places, especially for 3- and 4-year-olds (there is largely universal coverage in preschool or primary school for the year preceding compulsory school entry), and beginning to pay more attention to children under 3 years old.
A new report issued by UNESCO (2006)17 reminds us that despite well-documented benefits on all aspects of child development and child well-being, ECEC remains the “forgotten link in the education chain” even for the 3- and 4-year-olds in much of the world. Especially important, about half of the world’s countries have no early childhood care and education policy for children under 3 years old.
The European Commission has taken an explicit position with regard to access. At the Barcelona summit in 2002, explicit targets were set with regard to ECEC arrangements. The commission agreed that “Member States should remove disincentives to female labor force participation and strive, taking into account the demand for childcare facilities and in line with national patterns of provision, to provide childcare by 2010 to at least 90% of children between 3 years old and the mandatory school age and at least 33% of children under 3 years of age”.18 About half of the EU-25 countries have achieved the goal for the 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds, in particular the Scandinavian countries, Belgium, France, and Italy. The UK and Netherlands are approaching this goal. If coverage for children under 3 years old includes paid and job protected maternity and parental leaves, as well as services, this goal is close to being achieved as well.
- Brown J. The Link Between Early Learning and Care and School Readiness. Seattle, WA: Economic Opportunity Institute; 2002.
- Kagan SL, Moore E, Bredekamp S, eds.. Reconsidering Children's Early Learning and Development: Toward Shared Beliefs and Vocabulary . Washington, DC: National Education Goals Panel; 1995.
- Barnett WS, Hustedt JT. Preschool: The most important grade. Education Leadership 2003;60(7):54-57.
- Currie J. What We Know about Early Childhood Interventions. Chicago, IL: Joint Center for Poverty Research, University of Chicago; 2000. Policy Brief 2(10)
- Currie J. Early childhood education programs. Journal of Economic Perspectives 2001; 15(2):213-238.
- Barnett WS. Long-term effects of early childhood programs on cognitive and school outcomes. The Future of Children 1995;5(3):25-50.
- Brooks-Gunn J. Do you believe in magic?: What we can expect from early childhood intervention programs. Social Policy Report 2003;17(1):3-14. Available at: http://www.srcd.org/Documents/Publications/SPR/spr17-1.pdf . Accessed February 25, 2008.
- Karoly LA, Greenwood PW, Everingham SS, Hoube J, Kilburn MR, Rydell CP, Sanders M, Chiesa J. Investing in Our Children: What We Know and Don’t Know abut the Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions . Santa Monica, CA: Rand; 1998.
- Currie J, Thomas D. Does Head Start Make a Difference?. American Economic Review 1995;85(3):341-364.
- Magnusson KA, Ruhm CJ, Waldfogel J. Does Prekindergarten Improve School Preparation and Performance? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research; 2004. NBER Working Paper No. 10452.
- Gormley WT jr., Gayer T, Phillips D, Dawson B. The effects of universal pre-K on cognitive development. Developmental Psychology 2004;41(6):872-884.
- Andersson BE. Effects of day-care on cognitive and socioemotional competence of thirteen-year-old Swedish schoolchildren. Child Development 1992;63(1):20-36.
- Hwang CP, Broberg AG.The historical and social context of child care in Sweden. In: Lamb ME, Sternberg KJ, Broberg, AG, Hwang CP, eds. Child Care in Context. Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum ; 1992: 27-54.
- Vandell DL, Wolfe B. Child Care Quality: Does It Matter and Does It Need to be Improved? Madison, WI: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin; 2000. Special Report no. 78.
- Herry Y, Maltais C, Thompson K. Effects of a full-day preschool program on 4-year-old children. Early Childhood Research and Practice 2007;9(2). Available at: http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v9n2/herry.html. Accessed February 25, 2008.
- Columbia University. Clearinghouse on International Developments in Child and Family Policies Website. Available at: http://www.childpolicyintl.org/ . Accessed February 25, 2008.
- UNESCO. Strong Foundations: Early Childhood Care and Education. Paris, France: UNESCO; 2006. EFA Global Monitoring Report 2007.
- Plantenga J, Siegel M. European Childcare Strategies. Paper presented at: Childcare in a Changing World; October 21-23 2004; Groningen, The Netherlands. Available at: http://www.childcareinachangingworld.nl/downloads/position_paper_part1.pdf . Accessed February 26, 2008.
a Kindergarten in the U.S. is the year before compulsory school begins. It is universal, free, and voluntary and is attended by almost all 5-year-olds. It is viewed as the transitional year, before formal schooling begins.
b U.S. bipartisan and intergovernmental body of federal and state officials created in July 1990 to assess and report state and national progress toward achieving national education goals.
c An important, large scale, longitudinal study--Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project and Effective Pre-School and Primary Education 3-11 (EPPE–3-11 ) is currently being carried out in the UK, funded by the UK Department of Education and Skills. The findings agree with those of the U.S. research reported here.
How to cite this article:
Kamerman SB. School Readiness and International Developments in Early Childhood Education and Care. In: Tremblay RE, Boivin M, Peters RDeV, eds. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development [online]. https://www.child-encyclopedia.com/school-readiness/according-experts/school-readiness-and-international-developments-early-childhood. Published: August 2008. Accessed December 11, 2023.Text copied to the clipboard ✓
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Headaches are one of the most common medical complaints in the United States. Headaches can be debilitating and interfere with an individual’s daily life.
Why are headaches common and how do I treat them?
Headaches are multifactorial and stem from a variety of causes. Headaches are classified based upon criteria according to the International Headache Society. For example, headaches can be classified as migraines, tension type headaches, cluster headaches, or be secondary to medication overuse.
Colorado Interventional Health Sciences works closely with primary care specialists, neurologists, chiropractors, and physical therapists in the treatment of headaches. Specifically, Colorado Interventional Health Sciences provides diagnostic and therapeutic treatment for occipital neuralgia, facial pain, and headaches which originate from the cervical spine. These headaches may occur secondary to an inflamed nerve, wear and tear over the years, cervical spine degeneration, whiplash, or acute traumatic injuries. Patients often need a combination of treatment including medications, therapy, nerve blocks, and radiofrequency ablation when indicated. In some cases, headaches that originate from the cervical spine may also be aided with regenerative medicine techniques.
Although headaches are complex, having the appropriate available treatment options and skilled team members will aid in headache relief.
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From semiconductors in our electronics to imaging methods and drug delivery inside the body, there are a vast range of ways we can put the extraordinary properties of 2D materials to use. These traits can include high conductivity, incredible strength, and low weight, among others – all of which have significant potential in developing new industrial materials. But what makes 2D materials special, and how can we make them?
A 2D crystal consists of a single layer of atoms, bonded together at their sides but with nothing above or below them. This changes some of the normal atomic and electronic interactions we would expect to see in an analogous 3D crystal and causes the unique properties we observe. One common example of this is graphene, a single layer of a carbon structure known as graphite. Graphene is extremely strong and has special properties relating to how it conducts heat and electricity that make it distinct from 3D graphite. These properties make it desirable for developing aerospace materials and electronics.
When it comes to making 2D materials there are two options – they can be grown from scratch on top of a substrate, or they can be sliced off larger samples. To grow them, we need a certain ‘recipe’ to start with. This can be difficult to develop, depending on the substrate that we want to use, because atomic interactions with the substrate are a crucial part of the crystal growth process. Also, the growth recipe needs to be optimized to grow only a uniform single atomic layer, without undesired local regions of 3D crystal growth. This can be challenging to achieve.
Cutting samples from existing structures can give us nice 2D layers, but the problem scientists encounter when they cut and study 2D materials is that many of these types of crystals are very prone to becoming contaminated. As they are so thin, dust and tiny particles in the air suddenly become significant in comparison to the tiny atomic layer we are looking at. Some 2D materials are very reactive with air and water, changing their composition rapidly and stopping us from studying the original material. What we need is a way to substantially reduce these contamination risks – which is exactly what CLF scientist Dr. Charlotte Sanders has helped to develop.
Charlotte runs Artemis’ material science program here at the Central Laser Facility, together with fellow researcher Dr. Yu Zhang. The program is designed to provide the scientific community with the tools to study the electronic properties of materials after they are irradiated by a very short, intense laser pulse. Artemis can achieve this experimentation at very short time scales for maximum precision. Charlotte’s field of study focuses on solid-state crystalline materials, including both creating these crystals and studying their electronic properties. She uses the Artemis facility for her research, shining laser beams onto crystals to explore how the electrons in the structure interact with the light.
In this investigation of 2D materials, however, Charlotte played a crucial role as part of a small team working at the ASTRID2 Synchrotron Light Source in Denmark, uncovering the best practices for developing high-quality 2D materials. Previously, the samples would be cut inside a glovebox, and then studied inside a vacuum chamber. Vacuum chambers are almost completely void of atoms, thus reducing contamination risk, and gloveboxes are filled with unreactive gases such as nitrogen or argon for a similar effect. However, transferring the sample from where it is cut to the chamber exposes it to particles in the air. In order to eliminate this undesirable journey, Charlotte and the team have developed a method of slicing 2D material samples inside a vacuum.
The method works by contacting the 3D source material to the substrate in vacuum. This substrate is chosen such that it reacts with the material just enough to pull off one single layer of atoms, isolating it from the rest of the 3D source. This reaction can be electromagnetic, where the forces of attraction pull away the atoms, or chemical, where a new structure is formed as the atoms interact and bond with one another. This separates a 2D material layer from the larger crystal with minimal outside interaction, allowing it to be generated in a vacuum and removing the need to transfer samples between environments. This method will therefore let scientists like Charlotte derive much purer samples than they have been able to study before, helping to unlock a better understanding of 2D material behaviour. In fact, this method can now be used at Artemis, letting the CLF team study materials that previously we weren’t yet able to! This could help our users develop electronic components, detectors, and medical devices, amongst many other things.
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Do you want to pay someone to write your paper? Read on!
When popular demand for Tom Clancy ’s novels exceeded the famous writer’s ability to complete new books, his publisher hired a team of ghostwriters to pen novels in Clancy’s style. This may seem like an intriguing subject, considering that Clancy’s fans expect the books to be straight from the writer’s mind. But as we will come to understand later, this practice is not entirely uncommon and in some situations is perfectly acceptable.
Who Is A Ghostwriter?
A ghostwriter is someone who provides writing services to another person who seeks to complete a written project. The arrangement usually requires the ghostwriter to do the writing part in accordance with the instructions of the client. The completed work, in turn, is published under the name of the client rather than the ghostwriter. In some instances, the ghostwriter may be credited as a co-author, though such cases are quite rare.
Ghostwriters have existed for centuries. Although many are not aware, ghostwriters have been completing work for politicians, businessmen, and even scholars. The reason for the demand for ghostwriting services is the long and difficult process required to write any piece. As you may already be aware, writing is not just about stringing words into sentences, and sentences into paragraphs. Writing requires a great deal of research, reading, critical thinking, and revising among others.
Writing also requires skill. Learning how to write efficiently does not happen overnight; it can take years for a person to become a skilled writer. Because of many people’s need for assistance in writing, ghostwriting has become an acceptable practice and thus a legitimate industry.
Do Students Hire Ghostwriters?
Decades ago, students used to try to get help for their assignments from the nerdy A-grader student in the class. Professors even coined a specific term for that: contract cheating. So, what exactly is contract cheating?
Contract cheating is the practice of students enlisting the assistance or services of a third party to complete assignments. It happens when someone other than the student completes an assignment, which the student then submits to his or her professor for evaluation and credit. For example, a student may ask a parent, a sibling, or a friend to help out.
This practice has always existed, of course, though not many students would openly admit to availing the aid of others. This practice also goes beyond the realm of education. On a much higher level, countless people can and have already published books, articles, and speeches written by ghostwriters. Prominent examples include politicians and celebrities who publish autobiographies with the help of ghostwriters. Such a practice in the publishing industry is widely considered to be acceptable.
What Is An Essay?
An essay is the most common written assignment in high school, university, and postgraduate. An essay is a short piece of writing that presents the author’s argument, analysis, description, or definition. There are numerous types of essays that you can ask a ghostwriter to write for you— argumentative essay , literary analysis, descriptive, narrative, informative, definition, or compare and contrast essays, to name a few.
The topic of an essay, naturally, differs depending on the courses you are taking. The goal of assigning essays is to exercise students’ research skills, critical thinking skills, and writing skills. The ability to write about a wide range of subjects is a skill that educational institutions value in their students. However, understandably, not all students can afford to sit down for hours simply to work toward improving their writing skills.
Hillary Clinton used ghostwriting services?
When Hillary Clinton published her memoirs , it was reported that she paid around half a million dollars to have her memoirs written by a ghostwriter. Does this make Hillary Clinton a fraud? Not exactly. Clinton is a public official, so although she is highly educated and perfectly capable of writing on her own, it is more likely that she did not have the time or energy to master how to write a memoir and complete a full-length book.
Moreover, the fact that a ghostwriter completed the project does not mean that the content of the book is no longer Clinton’s. The ghostwriter’s role was to organize Clinton’s thoughts and express them in words. The experiences, insights, and lessons the book presents are still those of the former First Lady. The memoirs are still hers.
Why it is okay to pay someone to write your essay for you
The life of the average college student today is probably not as hectic as Clinton’s but is sure is hectic enough. Although they do not attend political sessions, meet with diplomats, or appear in civic functions, there are many other things to tackle and students have to overcome these common problems in college . It is no wonder why students are some of the most stressed, exhausted, and sleep-deprived people.
On top of it all, the modern education system has its flaws, in particular in considering the challenges faced by their students. Colleges and universities strive to produce well-rounded individuals after graduation. However, being a well-rounded individual is far more complex today due to the sheer amount of knowledge students have to master today compared to what students had to learn decades ago. One or two extra courses on top of their major courses are a big burden. Naturally, these have benefits although they may not be essential to students’ future professions. As one student realized, for instance, insights from cultural anthropology may inform their future business decisions .
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How to find a trustworthy ghostwriting service
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This book discusses a core question in many fields of the social sciences, namely how to create, share and adopt new knowledge. It creates an original space for conversation between two lines of research that have developed largely in parallel for a long time: social network theory and the geography of knowledge. This book considers that relational thinking has become increasingly important for scholars to capture societal outcomes by studying social relations and networks, whereas the role of place, space and spatial scales has been somewhat neglected outside an emergent geography of knowledge.
The individual contributions help integrate network arguments of connectivity, geographical arguments of contiguity and contextuality into a more comprehensive understanding of the ways in which people and organizations are constrained by and make use of space and networks for learning and innovation. Experts in the fields of geography, sociology, economics, political science, psychology, management and organizational studies develop conceptual models and propose empirical research that illustrates the ways in which networks and geography play together in processes of innovation, learning, leadership, and power.
This open book is licensed under a Creative Commons License (CC BY). You can download Knowledge and Networks ebook for free in PDF format (8.6 MB).
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of large proportion, extent, magnitude, etc.: grand-scale efforts; a grand-scale approach.
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023
How to use grand-scale in a sentence
But obida does not have to occur on a grand scale to produce uncomfortable repercussions.
An impressive grand-scale set was constructed complete with a waterfall as the backdrop.
This is action on a grand scale that, despite its grittiness and naturalism, boasts very high production values.‘Captain Phillips’ Is a Gripping, Award-Worthy Film | Marlow Stern | September 28, 2013 | THE DAILY BEAST
LBJ and Bundy, the Yale-educated Harvard professor, got it wrong on a grand scale.
There was no sense of intimacy or the personal in this presentation, which was on such a grand scale.Louis Vuitton, Chanel, McQueen Cap Paris Spring 2013 Fashion Week Shows | Robin Givhan | October 3, 2012 | THE DAILY BEAST
Aber Jeder will grossartig spielen heutzutage (But everybody wants to play on a grand scale now-a-days).Music-Study in Germany | Amy Fay
These pumping engines were made on such a grand scale that they lifted over sixty tuns of water at every stroke.Rollo in Holland | Jacob Abbott
"Monsieur Deschars does things on a grand scale," replies Adolphe, taking refuge in a jest.The Petty Troubles of Married Life, Complete | Honore de Balzac
He was willing to risk fifty thousand ducats in the adventure, which was to be conducted on a grand scale.South American Fights and Fighters | Cyrus Townsend Brady
But there had been no pitched battle on a grand scale; and it had even begun to seem that there never would be.The Heroic Record of the British Navy | Archibald Hurd
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://www.dictionary.com/browse/grand-scale
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en
| 0.929038 | 413 | 3.203125 | 3 |
In this report produced for the publication series ICT Research: The Policy Perspective, is explored Europe's vision for a society where every individual can make a valuable contribution. Investments in pioneering and commercially focused research will produce information and communication technologies (ICTs) that should help everyone - including the elderly, disabled and marginalised - to fulfil their potential.
There is little doubt that ICT is the key enabling technology for European society. It is vital for business and powers our financial systems. It delivers our entertainment and keeps us in touch with friends and communities. Without ICT - our computers, televisions, mobile devices, plus all the technology embedded in everyday objects - we would struggle to work, shop and travel.
So how is it, then, that almost a third of European citizens - around 150 million people - are not actively participating in this modern, high-tech society? Fewer than 15% of people aged 65 and only one in three of the unemployed regularly use the internet. About 74 million Europeans with low levels of education and a third of people in rural and remote areas remain 'unconnected'.
Download ICT Research: The Policy Perspective (.pdf, 605 KB).
Download from eHealthNews.eu Portal's mirror: ICT Research: The Policy Perspective (.pdf, 605 KB).
Content for this publication was provided by the ICT Results editorial service, working to showcase breakthrough ICT research in Europe. It is part of a series of domain surveys drawn together from articles featuring EU-funded ICT research.
For further information, please visit:
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en
| 0.920015 | 319 | 2.515625 | 3 |
What are the different types of Social Media?
Social Media refers to the means of interactions among individuals within which they produce, share, and/or exchange info and concepts in virtual communities and networks. The workplace of Communications and promotion manages the most Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and YouTube accounts.
Types of Social Media
Examples: Facebook, LinkedIn
A social networking website could be a social media site that enables you to attach with those that have similar interests and backgrounds. Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are 3 of the foremost well-liked samples of a social network website.
These platforms permit America to attach with our friends, family, and even brands. Most social network sites let users share thoughts, transfer photos, and videos, and participate in teams of interest.
2. Bookmarking Sites
Examples: Pinterest, Flipboard, Diggs
Bookmarking sites permit users to save lots of and organize links to any variety of online resources and websites. a good feature of those sites is the ability for the users to “tag” links, which makes them easier to go looking, and invariably, share with their followers. StumbleUpon could be a well-liked example of a bookmarking website.
3. Social news
A social news website permits its users to post news links and alternative things to external articles. Users then proceed to vote on the same things, and therefore the things with the best variety of votes are most conspicuously displayed. a decent example of a social news website is Reddit.
4. Media Sharing
Examples: Pinterest, YouTube, Vimeo
Media sharing websites permit users to share different types of media, with the 2 main ones being image sharing and video hosting sites.
Most of those sites additionally provide social options, just like the ability to make profiles and therefore the choice of commenting on the uploaded pictures or videos. These platforms principally encourage user-generated content wherever anyone will produce, curate, and share the power that speaks regarding them or spark conversations.
As you may have guessed, YouTube still remains the foremost well-known media-sharing website in the world.
Examples: Twitter, Facebook
These are simply what they sound like, sites that permit the users to submit their short written entries, which may embody links to product and repair sites, in addition to links to alternative social media sites. These are then announced on the ‘walls’ of everybody the United Nations agency has signed to its user’s account. the foremost ordinarily used microblogging website is Twitter.
6. Diary comments and forums
An online forum could be a website that lets users have interacted in conversations by posting and responding to community messages. A diary comment website is the same factor except being a touch additional centered. The comments are sometimes targeted around the specific subject of the connected diary. Google features a well-liked blogging website capably titled, Blogger. However, there are an apparently endless variety of blogging sites, notably as a result of such a large amount of them being niche-based, in contrast to the universal attractiveness of general social media sites.
7. Social Review Sites
Examples: TripAdvisor, Yelp, FourSquare
What’s one in all the primary stuff you see after you are progressing to get a replacement product or seek a replacement restaurant? If you’re something like America, you may initially head to the reviews.
Review sites like TripAdvisor and FourSquare show reviews from community members for all varieties of locations and experiences. This keeps individuals out of the dark and permits them to create higher designs or selections once it involves selecting a building for their date.
Not simply useful to regular users such as you and Maine, businesses may also get to know the customer’s perspective. each the great and dangerous, this will facilitate them to spot what’s operating and find out areas with areas for improvement.
8. Community Blogs
Examples: Medium, Tumblr
Sometimes all you wish to try to do is share that one message, and extremely not everybody on the net needs to take a position in running and maintaining a diary from a self-hosted website. this can be wherever shared blogging platforms like Medium provide individuals an area to specific their thoughts and voice.
9. Sharing Economy Networks
Examples: Airbnb, Pantheon, Kick-starter
While it would not occur to you directly, however, websites like Airbnb aren’t simple to seek out vacation rentals or activities. These sharing economy networks bring those that have gotten one thing would like they require to share in conjunction with those that need it.
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| 0.928989 | 940 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Hello dear artists and readers of our site. Today we decided to make a drawing lesson about a very strange sea creature. This creature became the prototype of many characters from myths, fantasy, books and cartoons. As you already guiess, in today’s lesson we’ll show you how to draw an octopus.
We very often start our drawing lessons with ovals, and this lesson is not an excuse. Sketch out the head in the form of an oval and move to the second step.
The octopus has this name because it has eight limbs. So sketch out these tentacles using long wriggling lines.
Starting with this step, we will add details to our octopus. Let’s start with the head and draw it and eyes with clear lines.
Let’s move down a bit and draw the tentacles. Note that the tentacles should gradually thin out as they approach the tips.
Continue to draw an octopus. In this step we take an eraser and erase all unnecessary lines from the body of our sea creature.
Draw the visible to us and funnel. Draw out the suction cups on the tentacles as in our examples. Note that all lines and curves must be very smooth.
The tutorial about how to draw an octopus is almost finished, it remains only to add shadows.
So, our octopus drawing tutorial is over. Do not forget that we have a whole section of drawing lessons about different animals. There you will find many interesting and useful articles. Also do not forget that we have pages in all known social networks, so subscribe and write us your wishes.
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https://www.drawingforall.net/how-to-draw-an-octopus/
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en
| 0.917569 | 331 | 3.53125 | 4 |
The scientist who led the international MOSAiC expedition to the North Pole on Tuesday warned that the point could have already been reached at which irreversible global warming is triggered.
During its expedition, the German research vessel "Polarstern" drifted through the Arctic on an ice floe for a year to also be able to research the winter at the North Pole, and the effects of climate change.
What did the research team find?
"The disappearance of summer sea ice in the Arctic is one of the first landmines in this minefield, one of the tipping points that we set off first when we push warming too far," said team leader Markus Rex, adding: "One can essentially ask if we haven't already stepped on this mine and already set off the beginning of the explosion."
Rex led what was the world's biggest mission so far to the North Pole, an expedition that involved some 300 scientists from 20 countries. Its Polarstern vessel returned to Germany in October bringing evidence of an Arctic Ocean that could see ice-free summers within decades.
Presenting the information eight months on, Rex noted that the ice had retreated "faster in the spring of 2020 than since the beginning of records" and that "the spread of the sea ice in the summer was only half as large as decades ago."
"Only the evaluation in the next years will allow us to determine if we can still save the year-round Arctic sea ice through forceful climate protection or whether we have already passed this important tipping point in the climate system," he said.
The team collected huge amounts of data aimed at building a better knowledge of the climate-relevant environmental processes at the North Pole.
The €140 million ($165-million) expedition returned with an estimated 150 terabytes of data and more than 1,000 ice samples.
rc/msh (AFP, dpa)
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<urn:uuid:0a6e5eb6-4fee-4bb2-885e-0479b7b453c0>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://www.dw.com/en/polarstern-team-warns-arctic-may-be-past-tipping-point/a-57902491
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en
| 0.960612 | 383 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Examines whether there are any environmental or health implications associated with the increased use of colour in newspapers, if the newspapers are reused or recycled. New heavy metal analyses of UK daily newspapers from 1992, 1996 and 1998 are reported. Lead, mercury and cadmium were found to be below their measurement detection limits (4ppm, 5ppm and 1ppm respectively) in nearly all samples. Barium and total chromium levels were highest in supplements printed on “glossy” paper. Copper was present at levels around 20‐30ppm in the standard newsprint sections and at levels of 80ppm or more in the supplements. Copper concentrations increased by 33‐40 per cent between 1992 and 1998 which correlated well with the increased colour content. A scientific appraisal and review showed that the heavy metal contents of newspapers are highly unlikely to pose any environmental risk or to have any health implications.
Tucker, P., Douglas, P., Durrant, A. and Hursthouse, A.S. (2000), "Heavy metal content of newspapers: longitudinal trends", Environmental Management and Health, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 47-66. https://doi.org/10.1108/09566160010314189
MCB UP Ltd
Copyright © 2000, MCB UP Limited
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<urn:uuid:7b010fad-08b7-4937-8b37-02d42606c0ca>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/09566160010314189/full/html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679515260.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211143258-20231211173258-00699.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.936145 | 269 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Using the Gompertz method and the elastic coefficient approach, we forecast vehicle ownership and GHG emissions, focusing on Shenzhen City as case study. We also factor in the learning curve associated with EV battery costs into our dynamic cost-benefit model. Scenario analysis reveals that Shenzhen’s incremental car restriction policy decreased the number of cars by 18.7% in 2017 alone. By actively promoting EVs in a net zero carbon scenario, it’s feasible that CO2 emissions might reach their peak as soon as 2020. Our cost-benefit analysis indicates that improving fuel economy policies for vehicles yields higher marginal abatement benefits. Although the initial push for EVs may result in elevated marginal abatement costs due to infrastructure investments, anticipated long-term reductions in battery costs, driven by economies of scale, could offset these costs, potentially even leading to net benefits.
Keywords Electric vehicles, greenhouse gas emissions, scenario analysis, cost-effectiveness
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<urn:uuid:0a77ed78-e9fc-4412-b46b-4727b6ad4e4f>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://www.energy-proceedings.org/assessing-the-impact-and-cost-effectiveness-of-low-carbon-transportation-policies%3A-a-case-study-from-shenzhen-city/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679515260.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211143258-20231211173258-00699.warc.gz
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en
| 0.921197 | 193 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Summer gardens filled with fresh fruits and lots of veggies are worth the work. And while gardeners with shady areas may be envious, they can still have plenty of success on their own vegetables.
After, the secret to good crops is really in the soil.
A shady space that gets as little as two hours of direct sunlight a day is still a prime location for a veggie garden filled with root or leafy vegetables. Plus, you’ll have a longer growing period for cool-season crops.
Read on for five vegetables that don’t need to full sun.
5 Vegetables that Grow in Shade:
Easy to grow in almost any space, beets are a shade gardener’s best friend. Beets can be used for both their roots and their greens. Sow seeds directly in the ground in early spring for the best flavor.
- Bok Choy
This cold-weather vegetable can withstand cooler temps and shade. Use in soups, salads and stir-fries. Sow seeds directly in ground in both the fall and spring for two harvests.
Cold-hardy and resilient, kale will grow for months until the weather gets too hot. This plant can be added to stir-fry, salads, omelets and smoothies for a healthy addition. Plant kale about two months before your first frost.
Eat turnips raw or cook and serve in soups, stir-fries or mashes. These plants thrive in cool temperatures and shade. Scatter turnip seeds in your garden two to four weeks before the last frost in spring or from late August to October.
Requiring almost no space, garlic is simple to grow. Break off cloves from a whole bulb and plant in the ground. To harvest big and flavorful bulbs next summer, plant garlic in the fall. Allow garlic to cure after harvesting in an airy, shady spot for two weeks.
Want to get kids involved in vegetable gardening? Learn more about kid-friendly gardening.
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<urn:uuid:e2283e87-6e45-4a8f-b577-2747433b7c44>
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CC-MAIN-2023-50
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https://www.espoma.com/2017/05/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679515260.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211143258-20231211173258-00699.warc.gz
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en
| 0.928662 | 413 | 3.015625 | 3 |
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