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The development of digital photography has made photojournalism more accessible than ever, enabling real-time reporting and image distribution across the globe. However, photojournalists must also take into account how their work will affect the environment, and they may decide to utilize environmentally friendly tools such cameras with rechargeable Lithium-Ionen-Akkus sind langfristig günstiger.
Evolution of Photojournalism
When cameras were first developed in the middle of the 19th century, photojournalism was born. But the 1920s and 1930s were the years when photojournalism really took off as a vocation. In the years that followed, photojournalists captured important occasions and social crises including war, famine, and human rights. The industry saw significant change in the 1990s with the introduction of digital technology, which allowed for quicker image distribution and simpler professional collaboration.
Photojournalism Tools and Skills
To produce high-quality photos, photojournalists need specialized knowledge and tools. To capture the spirit of the event, they must have a thorough understanding of camera settings, lighting, and lenses. Fast shutter speeds, suitable aperture settings, and the right ISO can assist in capturing sharp and clear photographs in difficult situations. Low-light photography can be accomplished with the correct lenses and lighting strategies.
Editors and Other Collaborators
To produce a finished product for publishing or display in photojournalism, teamwork with editors and other experts is crucial. To deliver a captivating visual narrative, photojournalists must collaborate with editors and comprehend the editorial and creative processes.
Success depends on having effective teamwork abilities and communication capabilities.
Emerging Photographic Trends and Technologies
Emerging technologies like virtual reality and mobile photography are changing the photojournalist industry. With the rise of mobile photography, photojournalists may now instantaneously take pictures using their smartphones. With the use of virtual reality technology, photojournalists can now produce immersive experiences that take viewers to various places and occasions throughout the globe.
Having the necessary tools and technical expertise, and staying current with industry developments are all essential for success in this line of work. Photojournalism will remain a crucial tool in recording and telling stories that have an influence on our world as it continues to evolve.
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The London district of Bankside, with The Clink Prison Museum at its heart, is the essential first step for all US visitors making their own pilgrimage to trace the steps of those first Mayflower settlers in the 400th anniversary year of 2020.
For here, in London’s oldest neighbourhood, they will discover the untold prequel to the world famous story of the Mayflower Pilgrims; Southwark at the time was governed by the Bishop of Winchester and was far more liberal than the City of London on the other side of the river. It was a natural home for anyone whose ideas, interests or profession lay on the edge of the law – or beyond it.
It was here, for example, that the Globe Theatre was built in 1599, beyond the reach of the London authorities, and where Shakespeare’s plays The Tempest, King Lear and Twelfth Night – all three connected to the Pilgrims – were first played.
While much has changed over 400 years, the Southwark Pilgrims would still recognise The George Inn and The Anchor Tavern, which they certainly would have visited. (There was no Seventeenth Century temperance movement so, like them, you can enjoy a refreshing pint of traditional ale!)
The Borough High Street - the ancient road that the Pilgrims trod daily, follows just the same course leading to London Bridge, then the only crossing point of the River Thames - and next to it, of course, the Borough Market.
Despite the freedom enjoyed on the south side of the Thames, in 1586 a group of ‘Separatists’ – Protestant Christians that wanted to worship outside of the Church of England - were sent to The Clink, the historic prison that operated from 1144 to 1780, for refusing to obey the religious laws of Elizabeth I . Their leaders, John Greenwood, a clergyman, and Henry Barrowe, a lawyer, founded a prison church – so it was within The Clink Prison that the first Separatist English church began, starting a tradition of religious dissent within Southwark. When Greenwood and Barrowe gained a temporary reprieve in 1592, they began meeting in a house on Deadman’s Place in The Borough, founding the Southwark Independent Church.
Greenwood and Barrowe were both executed on 6th of April 1593 in Northampton. William Penry, another leading Southwark Separatist, was hanged next to the Old Kent Road on 29th of May 1593.
Francis Johnson, another Separatist who had been held in The Clink, could see that there was no home for Separatism in England, so he looked for a new one; first in Canada, then in Holland, where the law was tolerant of differing beliefs.
But Holland turned out to be too liberal for the strict Puritans and, after twelve years, they decided to sail to America – a land with no sinful temptations – but the voyage would be long, dangerous and expensive.
Money was raised by arrangement with London merchants, who wanted seven years’ worth of American produce in return. In July 1620, the ship Mayflower sailed from her home port of Rotherhithe captained by Christopher Jones; the 65 passengers were venture capitalists that had helped finance the voyage and Separatists from the Southwark Independent Church. One passenger was William Mullins of Dorking, the only passenger to have served prison time in The Clink. He travelled to America with his family.
The party of Separatists from Holland had sailed to Southampton in a ship called the Speedwell, but it was leaking too badly to cross the Atlantic, so the Speedwell company joined that of the Mayflower. The voyage to America took 66 days
The Mayflower sighted land on 11th November, and anchored at Cape Cod. To establish law in their new homeland the settlers compiled and signed "The Mayflower Compact"; the first written framework of government in what is now the United States.
The first winter was terribly hard for the Pilgrims; they had nowhere to live but the ship and with little to eat half of their number died before the spring. It was Native Americans that came to their rescue, showing them which native plants, like pumpkin and sweetcorn, were good to eat and cultivate. Their first harvest was celebrated by Pilgrims and Native Americans alike, and has been marked every year since then as Thanksgiving.
Another famous early traveller was John Harvard, a native of Southwark, who left for Massachusetts as part of the second wave of Separatists in 1637, and left half his estate and his library of books to the proposed new college, now known as Harvard University. The John Harvard Chapel in Southwark Cathedral commemorates this 'godly gentleman and lover of learning'.
Another Separatist emigrant was John Lothropp, the Yorkshireman who served as the pastor of the Independent Church in Southwark – he and many of the congregation were sent to The Clink. While Lothropp was imprisoned, his wife Hannah became ill and died. After a year, it was agreed that they all might leave England for the New World on a ship named The Griffin.
Lothropp reached America in September 1634, and married Anna Hammond; they established themselves in Barnstable, Massachusetts, and the meeting house they built remains the oldest building in the town.
But Lothropp’s contribution to American history is rather greater than that, for his descendants are legion, including six US Presidents – Millard Fillmore, James A Garfield, Ulysses S Grant, Franklin D Roosevelt and both Bushes – and, among many others, the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, the actor Clint Eastwood, and that lawman and gunfighter of the old west, William B ‘Wild Bill’ Hickok.
This emigration established America’s proud identity as ‘The Land of the Free’, hence the quotation on the Statue of Liberty, “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.”
The Clink Prison Museum is delighted to be able to help commemorate this very special anniversary. Our special features for 2020 include:
No 400th Mayflower Anniversary visit is complete without a trip to London’s Bankside and The Clink Prison Museum!
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A CO2 gas detector uses a built-in carbon dioxide sensor to measure CO2 levels in the air. It can display real-time CO2 levels and initiate audible and visual alarms if CO2 levels are too high.
CO2 gas detectors are at the heart of CO2 detection systems used by businesses and industrial processes that create, store, or use CO2. They are also used in homes, offices and classrooms to measure indoor air quality.
Common applications for CO2 gas detectors include monitoring IAQ, process control, indoor greenhouses, bars, restaurants, breweries, and landfills.
How does a CO2 gas detector measure CO2?
Most modern carbon dioxide detectors use a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor that measures infrared light in a sample of air. This technology is useful as the amount of light that passes through the air sample is inversely proportional to the number of carbon dioxide molecules in the air.
How is CO2 Actually Detected?
CO2 gas detectors use an NDIR CO2 sensors that detects the presence of CO2 molecules in the air based on the absorption of infrared light.
As IR light passes through a sample tube of air, the CO2 gas molecules absorb a single band of IR light while letting other wavelengths of light pass through. At the other end of the tube, the remaining light hits an optical filter that absorbs every wavelength of light except the wavelength absorbed by the CO2. The remaining CO2 molecules are counted by an infrared light detector which sends an analog voltage to the sensor's circuitry. In this way, a carbon dioxide sensor can be said to "count" the number of CO2 molecules in the air.
Do I need a CO2 gas detector?
If you have stored CO2 tanks or cylinders you must use a CO2 gas detector.
For those that store, produce, or use carbon dioxide - exposure to high levels of CO2 in enclosed areas can lead to severe negative health effects like headaches, dizziness, fatigue, asphyxiation, and even fatality. Because of injuries in buildings that do not have proper monitoring in place, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for CO2 of 5,000 ppm averaged over an 8-hour work day.
Overall, if you are using carbon dioxide and working in or around the gas, CO2 safety detectors should always be used in order to initiate an audible or visual alarm to alert individuals in the room where potential CO2 levels could be dangerous to their health.
If you are concerned about indoor air quality you should use a CO2 gas detector.
CO2 detectors are also used as a proxy measurement of indoor air quality. High levels of CO2 indicate poor air exchange. Poor air exchange is linked to room occupant discomfort as well as increased levels of mold, mildew, bacteria, particulate matter and viruses either floating in the air or carried on water droplets in the air.
Is a CO2 Gas Detector the same as a Carbon Monoxide Detector?
No. While both carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) detectors are important, they are very different. A CO2 detector will not detect CO, and vice versa. While both gases have some similarities they are very different.
One critical differentiator is that carbon dioxide is natural and non-flammable, while carbon monoxide is the product of incomplete combustion and flammable. While carbon dioxide can be naturally found in the earth's atmosphere, carbon monoxide is not.
Note that the density of both gases is also very different. CO2 is heavier than CO. For this reason, a CO2 detector should be near the floor while a CO detector should be placed near the ceiling to ensure proper detection.
Will a CO2 Gas Detector Detect Carbon Monoxide?
No. A CO2 gas detector cannot detect the presence of carbon monoxide gas. Conversely, a CO detector will not detect CO2.
A CO detector sounds an alarm if it senses elevated levels of carbon monoxide in the air near a furnace or gas burning appliances.
What are Signs of High CO2 Levels Indoors?
While carbon dioxide is in the air naturally, in larger volumes (> 1,000 ppm) it can affect your health. For instance, excess CO2 can cause individuals to experience headaches, fatigue, nausea, asphyxiation, or convulsions.
Fortunately, being aware of carbon dioxide concentrations indoors can help prevent negative health effects from occurring and create healthier lifestyles.
Here are 4 sources of carbon dioxide indoors, and how to lessen their impact:
- HVAC systems: HVAC systems are designed to control the atmosphere in a given environment by recycling air. But without proper ventilation, CO2 can build up. A CO2 sensor can warn against this.
- Fireplace: Carbon dioxide is one of several gases produced by combustion, which means indoor fireplaces can produce gas buildup if they are not ventilated properly. Installing CO2 monitors in your home and annual inspections can mitigate this.
- Crowds: Humans exhale approximately 1 liter of CO2 with each breath. More occupants in an enclosed area creates higher CO2 levels. This can be mitigated by opening windows to regulate ventilation and airflow, as well as have indoor air quality monitors in place to measure when CO2 levels exceed normal threshold.
- Smoking: CO2 levels in cigarette smoke are 200 times the levels in the atmosphere. Regular smoking indoors can also create consistent overexposure to carbon dioxide concentrations. By ensuring smoking is done outdoors you can be mitigate individual exposure.
Is there a way to check your CO2 levels at home?
By using a carbon dioxide detector or indoor air quality monitor like the Aranet4 HOME you can easily and affordably measure carbon dioxide levels.
These devices also use a quality NDIR sensor that gives the device the ability to quickly measure the amount of CO2 in the air in real-time.
Should levels exceed the normal threshold the device will show instant visual/audible indication so you are alerted to ventilate the space and mitigate from harmful CO2 exposure. When it comes to CO2 levels in a home, many individuals also look to ASHRAE which sets standards in place for recommended indoor air CO2 concentrations.
According to ASHRAE, the recommended CO2 level in buildings should be no more than 700 parts per million (ppm) above the levels in the outdoor air. Since outdoor air in most areas is approximately 400 ppm, indoor CO2 levels should be no more than approximately 1,100 ppm.
Here are 3 benefits to improving indoor air quality with CO2 monitoring:
- Occupant Comfort- By utilizing an indoor air quality monitor, you can eliminate potential contaminants that directly influence poor IAQ. This includes CO2, CO, and particulate matter (PM2.5/10).
- Increase in Productivity - Studies have shown, that with less CO2 buildup many people find that they gain back productivity, focus, and energy - three main areas where poor indoor air quality often influences.
- Energy Efficiency - Utilizing CO2 monitors or CO2 air quality sensors when occupying space can provide you with proper ventilation indicators, making energy costs significantly lower!
Where Should CO2 Detectors be Placed?
This depends on your application:
- Safety - Carbon dioxide detectors should always be placed 12 inches (30cm) off the floor.
- Indoor Air Quality - Placement is less important, but is typically placed at 36 - 60 inches ( 90-150cm) from the floor.
How Long Does a CO2 Detector Last?
The average lifespan of a CO2 detector can vary depending on factors such as quality of the device, its components, usage, and overall environmental conditions.
The most common carbon dioxide detectors typically use nondispersive infrared sensors at their core and last anywhere from 10-15 years with proper use.
What Makes a Good CO2 Detector?
When it comes to purchasing or selecting your first C02 detector there are a few things to keep in mind to ensure the best quality product for your industry or application.
For starters, you want to have a detector that includes quality features and should look at CO2 detectors similar to purchasing a car. Not only do you want a quality product, you want an affordable cost, easy operation - and above all else the ability to ensure safety or air quality analysis.
Below are the top 5 features customers look for prior to purchasing any CO2 detector:
- Accuracy - including a high quality NDIR CO2 Sensor
- Audible/Visual Alarms - instant alarms that appear when CO2 levels exceed threshold
- Installation - easy operation and installation procedure with thorough documentation
- Meets Codes/Regulation - a detector that can meet code compliance around CO2 safety or meet specific ASHRAE IAQ standards
- Resolution - clear and easy visual display of CO2 concentrations from a large LCD screen
For more information on CO2 sensing technologies or to speak to a CO2Meter expert, contact us at [email protected] or 877-678-4259
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In an era dominated by the proliferation of information through social media, the question of whether governments should require social media companies to put disclaimers on political content is an increasingly pressing concern. The move by Meta (formerly Facebook) during the COVID-19 pandemic, where disclaimers were placed on related content, offers a valuable precedent for such an approach. This strategy could potentially curtail the spread of misinformation and address the growing threat of manipulated content, particularly as AI (notably ‘deep fake’ technology) advances.
An unchecked political force
The pandemic showcased the potential dangers of the dissemination of unchecked information on social media platforms. In response, Meta implemented disclaimers on pandemic-related content to provide context and credible sources. This helped curb the spread of false information, promoting reliable sources and countering the influence of misinformation. Similarly, in the realm of politics, false or manipulated information can lead to public confusion, divisive sentiments, and can even swing election outcomes. By requiring disclaimers on political content, governments can encourage users to critically assess the credibility of the information they encounter. Possibly preventing misinformation from spreading any further and encouraging users to use their own agency and judgement to decide what information they consume.
Google recently announced that it will soon require disclaimers for AI-generated political adverts by November 2023 – no doubt seeing its potential risk at next year’s US presidential election.
AI-driven content manipulation poses a significant challenge in the modern digital landscape. Advancements in AI have made it increasingly easy to fabricate convincing content, including fabricated videos and audio recordings of public figures. Political leaders purportedly making outrageous statements can sway public opinion, creating a ripple effect that can impact election outcomes and the overall democratic process. Requiring disclaimers on political content can alert users to the potential presence of manipulated media and encourage healthy scepticism. It also underscores the responsibility that social media companies have to ensure the integrity of information circulated on their platforms. With the progression of AI technology comes bigger threats as well as possibilities to use it as a tool in managing the spread of misinformation.
Drawing parallels with France’s requirements for influencers to disclose the use of filters in paid advertisements, there’s a precedent for regulating digital content that could potentially mislead or deceive the public. Extending this concept to private users in the context of political content is a logical step. While maintaining the balance between freedom of expression and curbing misinformation is crucial, the broader societal impact of unchecked content necessitates measures to safeguard the public’s access to accurate information.
Where is the dividing line?
The question of where to draw the line between entertainment and misleading content is complex. While AI offers innovative opportunities for creativity and expression, it also presents fertile ground for the spread of falsehoods. Determining this line requires collaboration between governments, social media companies, experts in technology and communication, and civil society. A transparent and consultative approach is necessary to establish guidelines that strike the right balance between creative freedom and responsible content dissemination.
Central to this conversation is the question of who should determine where this line lies. Ideally, a multi-stakeholder approach is needed, involving government bodies, technology companies, independent fact checkers, academic institutions, and organisations within civil society. This collective effort can ensure that decisions are not made unilaterally, preventing potential biases or power imbalances from influencing content regulation. The aim should be to create a consensus-driven framework that respects both freedom of expression and the need for accurate information. One possible method would be to caveat posts with a visible disclaimer. This way social-media companies would not obstruct the freedom of creation while taking into account the importance of stopping the spread of misleading content.
The precedent set by Meta’s use of disclaimers during the COVID-19 pandemic provides a valuable lesson in the potential benefits of requiring social media companies to place disclaimers on political content. As AI technology advances, the threat of misinformation and manipulated content becomes increasingly significant, necessitating proactive measures. While striking the right balance between freedom of expression and content regulation is challenging, the stakes are high, especially in the realm of politics. Collaborative efforts involving various stakeholders can help determine where the line between entertainment and misleading content should be drawn, ensuring a healthier and more informed digital landscape for all.
The British experience
The AI technology itself should not be labelled as ‘bad’ or ‘good’. It is simply a tool in the hands of a person. The examples of that can be drawn from the real world.
For example, one notable harmful deep fake incident in UK politics involved a manipulated speech by then-Prime Minister Boris Johnson during the Brexit negotiations. In this deep fake video, Johnson appeared to announce a radical change in the Government’s stance on Brexit, causing widespread panic and market fluctuations. The deep fake was convincing enough to deceive some viewers and create confusion, highlighting the potential for deep fakes to disrupt political stability and financial markets.
Similarly, one deep fake was released in advance of the 2019 UK general election which saw a ‘fake’ Boris Johnson and ‘fake’ Jeremy Corbyn encourage voters to cast their ballot for their opponent. Whilst this would not have swayed the election, and whilst the British public ought to be afforded more credit in being able to detect malicious intent, it still poses a threat when someone’s voice is being used for the spread of misinformation.
It’s essential to differentiate between harmful deep fakes that can manipulate public opinion or damage reputations, and those designed to entertain. Vigilance and media literacy are crucial for mitigating the potential harm posed by malicious deep fakes while allowing room for creativity and humour in the digital age.
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Good morning everyone ! I am looking forward to seeing you all later.
Live Lesson - 10.00am - Maths - Ordering FDP.
Please bring your whiteboard and pen.
We are going to be working on ordering fractions, decimals and percentages.
After the lesson, have a go at one of these activities :
If you want to practise converting between FDP:
If you are fairly confident with converting, and ordering, try this reasoning activity. There are three different levels, getting harder each time:
Core Subject - Literacy.
Yesterday, we read about the weather on Trinidad, where Floella Benjamin grew up. Tomorrow, I am going to ask you to present a 30 second TV weather report.
Today, you need to :
If you wish to make this a collaborative project - with two of you presenting together - that could be great fun ! Each person must make an equal contribution.
Before we develop our work on marine biomes, I would like you to revise your knowledge of the continents and oceans.
There are plenty of games you could play interactively. Here are some to try :
This one is particularly tricky as you have to place the labels on as the globe spins !
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Hello readers! Today I have a really fun learning activity as well as a great giveaway for you! I was recently asked to review “The World of Glue: An Investigation of Adhesives” unit by Elmer’s Products, Inc.!
The World of Glue Toolkit:
As soon as I saw this book I thought it looked like fun, and I was right! The kit comes with everything you need to do an investigations on adhesives. And Elmer’s created a cross-curricular instructional unit to help teach properties of common adhesives and the science of polymers in a fun and creative way! The lessons are geared for grades K-5.
The plan includes activity instructions, discussion questions, and student hand-outs to enhance the unit. This unit also features a cute book called “Too Much Glue” by Jason Lefebvre which my kiddos loved.
We received the entire teaching toolkit for “The World of Glue” which includes the teacher’s instruction manual, the “Too Much Glue” book, and 3 different kinds of Elmer’s glue products. I’m sure I don’t have to tell you that the green glitter glue was the favorite of the bunch ;o)
Elsie & Elmer
Have you ever wondered why there’s a cow on the logo for Elmer’s glue? In 1857 Gail Borden started the Borden Company. It was one of the largest U.S. producers of dairy and pasta products. In the early 1900’s the company learned they could make glue from a substance found in milk called casein. After experimenting with different ingredients, they found the perfect recipe. In 1947 they introduced Elmer’s Glue-all. “Elsie” the cow was named the mascot for the Borden Company in 1936, and in 1940 her husband Elmer the cow in took over and became the “spokesbull” for Elmer’s glues and adhesives. Since that time Elmer and Elsie travel the country promoting Borden products and Elmer’s Glue!
We started off by reading “Too Much Glue” by Jason Lefebvre. It’s a cute story about a boy who loves glue. He loves glue a little too much let’s say. So much that he ends up creating a full body suit of glue for himself, and getting stuck to a table. Oops! Anyway, the story is fun and entertaining and went perfectly with our upcoming glue experiments.
For our first lesson, we learned about adhesives, polymers, monomers, casein, and synthetic vs. natural materials. Using our supplies, we did an experiment to observe monomers and polymers with our very own eyes! It’s a little hard to see in the photo below, but after adding some vinegar to milk we can see that solids begin to form in our liquid mixture. The vinegar caused the casein to separate from the liquid part of the milk and join other casein polymers to form solids.
Once our solids settled on the bottom of our bowl, we used a paper towel to carefully absorb the liquid from the top of our newly made casein substance called glue!
Here we are carefully getting the liquid off the top of our glue.
We also made our own glue using a flower and water mixture. We experimented with our homemade glue as well as the Elmer’s glue products that came in our kit to see which one was the best.
The toolkit also comes with an experiment sheet. We used it to write down our recipes so we could duplicate them, see which one worked best, and talk about how we could make our concoctions even better.
We just cut up some random shapes to use with our experimental glue recipes and went to work!
Here are the finished experimental projects. We let them dry then completed our experimental sheet noting which formulations worked best.
In the end, all of our glues actually worked pretty well. The store made Elmer’s glue dried faster and was definitely easier to work with. But once they dried, they all worked pretty well!
All in all it was a fun unit to do and the kids loved making their own glue and experimenting with various ingredients and measurements.
- Download The World of Glue lesson plans FREE!
- Elmer’s Teachers Club
- Elmer’s on Twitter
- Elmer’s on Facebook
- Elmer’s on Pinterest
I’m excited to host a giveaway for “The World of Glue: An Investigation of Adhesives” Tool Kit!
Just fill out the rafflecopter below to enter to win a kit for your homeschool!
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Homeschooling with games is one of the best ways to engage children in a learning activity. Children can even learn from games that aren’t strictly educational.
Games are especially good on those days when everyone is feeling less motivated. You can even play games on vacation and have fun while they are (sneakily) learning!
Here are some of my favorite games and the skills involved:
Games For Non-Readers:
This can be a difficult age group for games since so many games require reading and the ones that don’t are often extremely boring for adults to play with the kids. Here are some games that don’t require reading and are actually pretty fun:
This 2-player card game involves paying close attention and quickly matching cards based on various criteria like color and shape. It doesn’t require reading. It teaches children to follow directions and pay attention. This is a great game for the younger crowd- it’s more fun for adults than Chutes and Ladders, but easy for kids to learn and play.
In this game 2-4 players play their cards in sequential order with the goal of being the first to get rid of all of the cards in their hand. This teaches number sense and counting skills. The pictures on the cards are cute and it’s an easy game for kids to learn and play.
This is a game for 2-4 players that requires no reading. It is part memory game and part math. Players take turns flipping over cards to try to find a combination that adds to 10. If they make 10, they get to keep those cards. If they encounter a shark card, they have to put all of their pieces back. The player with the most cards at the end wins. In addition to teaching algebraic thinking, this helps kids practice social skills and memory.
These card games for 2 players come in different versions for different math skills, Addition & Subtraction, Multiplication, or Division. They are a fun way to practice math facts. As a bonus- the cards can be used as flash cards too (but why would you do that when the game is so fun?).
This one doesn’t really require reading so it’s great for younger kids (and the adults playing won’t be bored to tears!). This is a modified version of the classic Clue game. It is more cooperative and, instead of solving a murder mystery, you’re solving the mystery of who ate the last piece of cake. This teaches critical thinking skills and strategy.
This single player game for ages 5 and up is perfect for keeping a child occupied for a few minutes while you get some work done. The cards allow them to self-check their solution to the logic puzzles. The regular Rush Hour game is just more challenging with more pieces. There are many excellent single-player logic games available including ones from ThinkFun and Smart Games. Some of our favorites are Balance Beans and Clue Master Logic Game from ThinkFun and Ghost Hunters Travel Game and Penguins on Ice from Smart Games.
This is a 2-player game where one player has to determine which character the other player has picked simply by asking yes and no questions and using a process of elimination. You can even get a Disney Star Wars version of this game if your child is a fan. This teaches logical thinking and verbal description skills.
Games For Readers Ages 5-7
This classic board game for 2-6 players is a great way to teach math and the power of investing. Monopoly Jr. simplifies the rules and offers a quicker game so you’re not stuck playing a never-ending game of Monopoly, but it does remove some of the strategy component. Minimal reading is involved, but an adult can do the reading if necessary.
This modified take on the classic Scrabble game is geared for kids just learning how to spell. Words are printed on the board and players have to collect the letters to spell them. This is great for teaching kids some beginning spelling words. You can also discuss the spelling rules involved in those words and use this as a jumping off point for teaching other spelling words.
This is another spelling or sight word game. There are a few different versions out there. One uses sight words; one involves letters that you use to fill in missing letters on your bingo card to make words. One version, Zingo 1-2-3 for ages 4+ teaches basic number sense.
This board game for 2-6 players involves a little reading, but adults can help with that. It is a completely sneaky way to practice addition and subtraction if you let the kids do the math part themselves.
Games for Ages 7+
This strategic card game involves drawing and playing cards until you draw an exploding kitten card and you’re out of the game. Cards can be used to skip turns, attack other players, steal or look at others’ cards, etc. “Defuse” cards keep you from exploding, but there are only a few in the deck. Every time you draw a card, you risk getting an “Exploding Kitten!” An Imploding Kitten Expansion Pack is available that adds to the fun by including some new cards and a “cone of shame” to be worn by anyone who accidentally plays out of turn. This game is really fun for the whole family and requires children to practice reading. It can also be used to start a conversation about odds and risk-taking.
This is a version of Ticket to Ride for the younger crowd with a smaller map and simplified rules. This teaches basic US geography and some city names as well as strategy, turn taking, and following directions. A Ticket to Ride Europe- First Journey version is also available. The regular Ticket to Ride states that it is for ages 8+ and it comes in different versions including Europe, Japan and Italy, Germany, Nordic Countries and others. These are all a fun way to teach some basic geography.
This classic game for 2 players teaches the concept of naming points on a grid and logical thinking.
This Educational Insights game for 2-4 players is obviously intended to be educational, but that doesn’t mean it’s not fun. It is a perfect introduction to fractions and the addition of fractions.
Games for Ages 10 and Older
This card game for 3-10 players is a great way to foster creativity and public speaking skills while having a good laugh with the family. Each round, one player is the “customer” and picks a customer card that tells them their role (“professional wrestler,” “alien,” and “beauty queen” are just a few options). The other players are the “snake oil salesmen” and choose 2 cards from their hands and combine the words to create a product they think the “customer” will want to buy. The “sellers” pitch their products to the “customer” and then the “customer” picks the winner. The first player to reach a set number of wins, wins the game.
In this hilarious game for 4-8 players, one player acts as the judge each round and announces the category. The other players search their hands for a card that best matches that category. The judge picks the best one and the first player to win a set number of cards, wins the game. This teaches creative thinking and is simply fun and funny. We’ve played it with as few as 3 players and it can be done, but it’s much better with 4 or more.
This game is very similar to Apples to Apples, but the cards are just naughty enough to make tweens giggle. They include things like “body odor” and “farts” but aren’t really offensive in my opinion. You may want to go through the cards and remove any that offend your sensibilities, however, if you’re offended by potty humor. There are two expansion packs available if you need more cards. Despite the fact that kids will feel like they’re getting away with something when they play this game, it does encourage creative thinking and reading.
This card game for 2-6 players comes in many different versions. The basic Fluxx and Fairy Tale Fluxx are the easiest to play. Other versions like Dr. Who Fluxx and Cthulhu Fluxx have “Creeper” cards which make game play a bit more complex. Most Fluxx versions are generally fine for ages 8 and older, but it’s probably best to start with a basic version. This game starts out very easy- deal 3 cards to each player. On your turn, draw one card and play one card. “Keepers” are cards you put in front of you and the right combination of Keepers will win the game. Some of the cards you can play are “New Rule” cards, though, so the game play is always changing. You can also play “Goal” cards to change the combination of Keepers necessary to win the game. This game encourages reading, following directions, and strategic thinking. The Math, Astronomy, Chemistry, and Anatomy Fluxx versions also include some other educational aspects.
Active Games for All Ages
Here are some games to get your kids (and you) moving:
You can buy charades cards or just make up your own. This classic game is sure to get the family moving around and laughing together.
You can buy this ready to go or make your own and there are many ways to incorporate an educational component. Have the kids look for certain shapes, items that will add to a particular number, a certain word written on something, or items of a particular color.
You can make this up yourself if you have a little time. Or, you can buy something like this: UKloo Riddle Edition or UKloo Early Reader Treasure Hunt Game . This is an excellent tool for building reading, logic and reasoning skills in addition to getting kids moving.
There are so many wonderful games out there. If you pay attention, you might be surprised to see how much learning is going on when children play games!
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Amidst growing concern about antibiotic resistance, a new class of antibiotics may help in the fight against gram-negative bacteria.
Gram-negative bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are a rising concern for human health. Globally, gram-negative bacteria have displayed increasing resistance to carbapenem and cephalosporin antibiotics. New treatments for gram-negative bacteria are needed, particularly as resistance grows to the last resort antibiotic colistin.
The last new class of antibiotics introduced to the market against gram-negative bacteria was the fluroquinolones in the 1960s. According to a study published in Nature, however, a Swiss research team led by experts from the University of Zurich has discovered a new family of synthetic antibiotics with broad spectrum anti-gram-negative antimicrobial activity, including against all of the gram-negative members of the ESKAPE pathogens.
The new class of chimeric peptidomimetic antibiotics, known as OMPTA (Outer Membrane Protein Targeting Antibiotics), functions by employing a unique mechanism that targets the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria.
"The new antibiotics interact with essential outer membrane proteins in gram-negative bacteria," John Robinson, UZH Department of Chemistry and co-head of the study, said in a statement. "According to our results, the antibiotics bind to complex fat-like substances called lipopolysaccharides and to BamA, an essential protein of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.”
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria “comprises an asymmetric bilayer, with glycerophospholipids in the inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer leaflet,” the study authors wrote. “This unique permeability barrier protects the bacteria from toxic environmental factors (such as antibiotics) and contains many integral β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs), which are required for biogenesis of the outer membrane.”
Investigators obtained a range of clinical isolates from the University Hospital Basel and the IHMA collection that were collected between 2012 and 2017. Eight compounds were analyzed. Chimeras 3 and 4 had a marked effect on Escherichia coli membrane structure, which showed extra membrane-like material, membrane detachment, and the appearance of vacuoles. Electron microscopy revealed that cells treated with compounds 3 and 4 showed collapsed membranes and extracellular “knob-like structures,” suggesting that both of the chimeras perturb bacterial membranes.
Compounds 3, 4, 7, and 8 were shown to be bactericidal against several gram-negative pathogens, including multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and colistin-resistant strains. Study authors hope future research will help determine how the binding of the chimeras to BamA causes downstream bactericidal activity.
In considering how the bactericidal activity functions, investigators hypothesized that “one possibility is that binding inhibits the foldase activity of the BAM complex. The resulting incorrectly folded OMPs, when mislocated to the inner membrane, may lead to cell permeabilization and death.” Alternatively, another possibility identified was “that binding of the chimaeras to BamA provides an additional binding site in the outer membrane that enhances a permeabilizing effect mediated by the polymyxin macrocycle, and helps these antibiotics to avoid LPS-modification resistance mechanisms.”
Polyphor, a Swiss biopharmaceutical company, announced that the lead molecule of the new OMPTA class is currently in preclinical toxicology studies. Study authors said that “a lead candidate based on these derivatives has, pending future clinical studies, the potential to address life-threatening infections caused by gram-negative pathogens, and thus to resolve a considerable unmet medical need.”
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Paphos is a town located at the southwest part of Cyprus. It was once the capital city of the country and one of the most important kingdoms on the island. Along with others, it was also a popular worshipping centre of the goddess Aphrodite.
The town is divided into two levels: Paphos which is also known as Ktima which is where the shops and other facilities are, and Kato Paphos which is located towards the sea and is mainly a tourist area. The whole archaeological area of Paphos has been under the protection of UNESCO since 1980.
The name of the town is connected with the goddess Aphrodite, as Paphos was the name of Aphrodite and Pygmalion’s mythological daughter. According to Loutatious, Paphos the son of Kyniras as the founder of Paphos. However Isadore believed that Paphos was built by Paphos the son of Tyfonos. Also Pausanias and Omyros mention the founder of Paphos as Agapynora, the King of Tegea who founded Palepapho on his way back from the Trojan War.
It is well known that the Cypriot Kingdoms were destroyed during the 4th century from Ptolemeo A’, one of the descendants of Alexander the Great. A little while before the last prince of Paphos, Nikoklis has moved the centre of the kingdom to the west which was called Nea Paphos which is today’s Kato Paphos. New Paphos had met glorious days during the Hellenistic years as the centre of the governors in Cyprus which has also joined the kingdom of the Ptolemaic, Greek Kings of Egypt.
During the Hellenistic years, Paphos became the capital of Cyprus. When Cyprus was taken over by the Romans in 58 B.C it remains the centre of the Roman governors of the island. Temples, mansions, a theatre and odium and other impressive buildings were built as well as powerful walls around. The excellent and plentiful mosaic floors of Paphos which ae still being discovered prove the flourishment of the town which also suffered though many powerful earthquakes.
In 45 A.D the Apostles Varnavas, Paul and Markos arrived in Paphos during the first apostle tour in Cyprus. Even though it is said that the Apostle Paul received thirty nine whip lashes in Paphos, he had spread Christianity towards the Roman governor Sergio Paul who accepted the new religion. Therefore Cyprus became the first country in the world which was governed by a Christian.
During the byzantine years Paphos lost to Salamina which was made the capital. The earthquakes and the Arab raids during the 7th and 10th centuries drove the town to its decline. From the medieval years, the town began to be known with the name Ktima as it was a royal feud. It was the west port of Cyprus as well as the centre point of the Episcope. The town met its worst decline during the ruling of the Turks (1570-1878). During the British rule, many projects were made where many refugees had moved due to the Turkish invasion. Today it is an iconic town as well as modern which has nothing to be jealous from other towns. It has also be elected to be the Capital of Europe for 2017.
The large cultural heritage which was left to Paphos during the 400 years of its existence, has made Paphos a large open museum. For this reason, UNESCO added the whole town to the catalogue of world cultural heritage. A real treasure is the House of Dionysos, the House of Eonos and the House of Thiseos in which mosaic floors were discovered in Kato Paphos. These have been preserved underground for 16 centuries and their discovery was made after many years of excavating.
In the same area, are the Tombs of the Kings which is believed to be a burial ground for the rich during the Roman era. The tombs are dated to be of the 4th century. Also there is the Stili tou Apostolou Pavlou (Column of Apostle Paul) on which he was whipped thirty nine times as a punishment for bringing bad demons to the area. In the same area there are the catacombs of Agia Solomoni and Agiou Lambrianou where the first religious ceremonies of the Christians took place. In the catacombs of Agia Solomoni there are also iconographies which are saved.
In the area of the mosaics there are also three ancient theatres from which the two are saved. One of them is the most well known as the Ancient Odium of Paphos. It is a roman odium which is used for performances today. Near the odium there are also parts of the ancient walls of Paphos, ruins of the ancient Roman market and the praying area. More modern monuments such as the Paphos castle , which is from the Louizian era and is the most well-known monument in Paphos is located at the port which was built for protection by the Byzantine and later on by the Louizians during the 13th century.
All of the above was placed in an archaeological park which covers the area from the port of the town until the Tombs of the Kings and is accessible only by pedestrians. Even today many universities abroad arrive at the area in order to do excavations as only a small part of it has been discovered. In 2017 it was voted as cultural capital of Europe due to its large cultural heritage.
The economy of Paphos largely depends on its advanced tourist industry. Every year thousands of tourists visit the town.
The climate of Cyprus makes it very popular during the summer months. The temperature is about 30-35 degrees Celsius. However due to its mild winter, many tourists also arrive during the winter months and deal with walking or bike riding.
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Rosetta / Rosetta Stone
The origins of hieroglyphic research in your hands!
If you love ancient languages, you also know the Rosette Stone. Now you can follow in the footsteps of Jean-François Champollion, who deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphic writing in 1822 with the help of the inscriptions on this artifact. The three identical inscriptions on the stone made it possible for the first time to directly compare hieroglyphics with the known Greek script. By recognizing the demotic part of the inscription as "letter writing", scholars like Georg Zoëga, Johan Åkerblad, Silvestre de Sacy and Thomas Young paved the way for Champollion to decipher the hieroglyphs.
A decree carved in stone
Found in 1799 near Rosette in the Nile Delta, the black granodiorite block, measuring nearly 1.10 m x 0.75 m, is now in the British Museum. On its surface is an inscription depicting a priestly decree in honor of Ptolemy V. This inscription is divided into three parts and shows the identical text in Egyptian hieroglyphics, demotic script and in Greek. With our Stone of Rosette replica, you can explore the text all over again in private or in class.
- High quality handmade replica from dyed cast iron material
- Stone of Rosette dimensions: about 18cm x 14cm
- A rear suspension facilitates the presentation
A stone that teaches
In addition to private use, you can use the stone of Rosette / Rosetta to make your lessons much more vivid. History lessons become literally "tangible" and students of Greek can work as close to the original as would otherwise only be possible in a museum or at the ancient sites themselves.
A stone that decorates
Last but not least, don't overlook the fact that the Rosette / Rosetta stone is also simply a very pretty object. Thanks to the integrated suspension of our Rosette stone replica, you can thus easily decorate your study or living room with a piece of history.
Forum Traiani ® registered trademark
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| 0.903006 | 439 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Definition of Address Resolution Protocol Poisoning
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Poisoning, also known as ARP spoofing, is a cyber attack technique where an attacker sends falsified ARP messages to manipulate the IP-to-MAC address mapping within a network. This enables the attacker to intercept or alter network traffic, or even launch denial-of-service attacks. In doing so, the attacker gains unauthorized access to the victim’s data and disrupts their normal communication processes.
Here’s the phonetic transcription of ‘Address Resolution Protocol Poisoning’:/əˈdrɛs ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ˈprəʊtəkəl ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ/
- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Poisoning, also known as ARP Spoofing, is a cyber attack that targets local area networks (LANs) by exploiting the ARP protocol to intercept and modify data packets exchanged between devices.
- This type of attack allows hackers to access sensitive information, intercept network traffic, launch denial of service (DoS) attacks, or conduct man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks by impersonating legitimate devices on the network.
- Preventing ARP Poisoning involves implementing security measures such as using static ARP entries, network segmentation, a secure Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) configuration, and utilizing intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) to identify and block suspicious activities.
Importance of Address Resolution Protocol Poisoning
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) poisoning is an essential term in technology as it represents a significant security concern within computer networks.
It refers to a malicious technique in which attackers exploit the communication process between network devices to intercept and manipulate data transmissions by sending out falsified ARP messages.
By associating their own MAC address with the IP address of another device, such as a default gateway or server, the attacker can effectively redirect traffic intended for the victim to their own device, ultimately putting sensitive information at risk.
ARP poisoning is crucial to understand as it highlights the need for network administrators to actively secure systems against such cyber threats while also emphasizing the importance of implementing robust intrusion detection and prevention measures.
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) poisoning, also known as ARP spoofing or ARP cache poisoning, is a prominent cybersecurity attack technique that cybercriminals use to intercept and manipulate network traffic. The primary purpose of ARP poisoning is to deceive computer systems and devices within a local area network, by sending falsified ARP messages which associate the attacker’s MAC address to the IP address of a legitimate network entity.
This deceitful association allows the attacker to effectively intercept, modify, or block data packets that were originally intended for the legitimate user within the network, facilitating various malicious actions such as eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks, denial of service, or data theft. The effectiveness of ARP poisoning stems from the inherent trust-based nature of the ARP protocol itself, which lacks security measures to verify the authenticity of ARP messages.
When a device in a network intends to communicate with another device, it relies on the information stored by the ARP cache, which maps IP addresses to corresponding MAC addresses. However, without proper security measures, the ARP cache can be easily manipulated by attackers with malicious ARP messages, leading to erroneous data routing and unauthorized access to sensitive information.
To mitigate and prevent ARP poisoning attacks, network administrators employ various countermeasures, such as the implementation of robust intrusion detection systems, static ARP tables, or employing secure communication protocols like IPSec.
Examples of Address Resolution Protocol Poisoning
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Poisoning, also known as ARP Spoofing, is a cyber attack technique that involves sending fake ARP messages to a target system or networks, with the intention of associating the attacker’s MAC address with the IP address of another device, such as the default gateway or a specific target. This can lead to various nefarious activities, including data interception, denial of service, or man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. Here are three real-world examples of ARP Poisoning:
Turla APT Group:In 2014, the Turla Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) group, a cyber-espionage group with suspected ties to the Russian government, used ARP poisoning to compromise diplomatic institutions and government organizations across the globe. They began by infecting specific targets with malware that enabled the attackers to perform ARP poisoning on the local network. This allowed them to intercept network traffic, gain unauthorized access to sensitive information, and compromise other systems within that network.
Ettercap:Ettercap is an open-source network security tool used for man-in-the-middle attacks on LAN. One of its prominent features is the capability to perform ARP poisoning. While Ettercap itself is not malicious and serves as a tool for network security professionals, it can be exploited by attackers with malicious intentions. Some attackers use Ettercap to perform ARP poisoning, allowing them to intercept traffic between two devices and steal sensitive information, such as login credentials or financial data.
The ‘KRACK’ Attack:In 2017, researchers discovered a vulnerability in the WPA2 security protocol, which is widely used to secure Wi-Fi connections. The Key Reinstallation Attack (KRACK) leveraged the ARP poisoning technique to exploit this weakness. By sending fake ARP packets, attackers could trick devices into reinstalling an encryption key that was already in use, making it possible to decrypt the network traffic between the targeted device and the wireless access point. This could lead to eavesdropping on personal information, stealing login credentials, or manipulating data being transmitted over the network.
FAQ – Address Resolution Protocol Poisoning
1. What is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Poisoning?
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Poisoning, also known as ARP Spoofing, is a cyber attack technique that exploits the ARP protocol. It allows an attacker to send fake ARP messages to the local network, which leads to the linking of the attacker’s MAC address with another device’s IP address. As a result, data intended for the original device is rerouted to the attacker’s device, leading to potential data theft, network traffic interception, or other malicious activities.
2. How does ARP Poisoning work?
ARP Poisoning works by sending fake ARP requests or responses to a local network. The attacker forges a request claiming to be from a different device, such as a router, causing other devices on the network to update their ARP cache with the attacker’s MAC address. When the devices try to communicate with the target IP, they mistakenly send data to the attacker’s device instead, effectively hijacking the connection.
3. What are some symptoms of ARP Poisoning?
Some common symptoms of ARP Poisoning include increased network latency, unexplained data loss, IP address conflicts, and unusual ARP traffic. These symptoms may indicate that a device on the network is processing or intercepting traffic intended for another device.
4. What can you do to prevent ARP Poisoning?
Some measures you can take to prevent ARP Poisoning include implementing static ARP entries, deploying a network security solution such as aIDS/IPS, implementing dynamic ARP inspection (DAI) on switches, using private VLANs, using cryptographic methods like IPsec or SSH to encrypt sensitive network communication, and regularly monitoring network traffic for unusual or suspect activity.
5. How can you detect and mitigate ARP Poisoning attacks?
Detection of ARP Poisoning can be achieved using network monitoring tools that analyze ARP traffic for inconsistencies or suspicious patterns. Additionally, IDS/IPS systems can provide alerts when an ARP Poisoning attack is detected. To mitigate an ongoing attack, you can remove the attacker’s MAC address from the affected devices’ ARP caches, implement security measures mentioned previously, and isolate the compromised device from the network until the issue is resolved.
Related Technology Terms
- ARP Cache Poisoning
- MITM (Man-in-the-middle) attack
- MAC Address Spoofing
- ARP Table
- Network Security
Sources for More Information
- Techopedia – https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3890/address-resolution-protocol-poisoning-arp-poisoning
- GeeksforGeeks – https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/arp-poisoning-address-resolution-protocol/
- Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARP_spoofing
- Imperva – https://www.imperva.com/learn/application-security/arp-poisoning/
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Key words: Courage, – respect, – drumming, – communicating loving, – bearer of gifts, – moon of the powerful sun. Description: The woodpecker is the animal totem in the moon of the powerful sun (from the 21st of June to the 22nd of July) to Born ones in the medicine wheel. From the kind meant here of North American golden woodpecker are there in the United States two subspecies, one with yellow ones and the other with red unterwings. Quite a lot of time on the ground spends woodpeckers and sit down like songbirds high on branches. They are drummers who hammer her song in dead branches, in metal roofs and log cabins of wood. In the mating season the presentation of her musical talent is especially noteworthy. In legends the woodpecker is described as a courageous bird, – in some stories one says, he has red unterwings because he has too come close to the fire. Woodpeckers are estimated because of her beating high. Their feathers played with many religious objects and ceremonies of the Indians of North America an important role. General meaning: Your own, special song find, – discover your special place in the world, – improved communication, – intensive desire for respect, – worry about your nest or home, – a time to decorate yourself and your surroundings. Association: To woodpeckers – observe curiously. Transcendent meaning: Understand of your need for respect, – Understand, how much respect forms the life and colours.
- One knocks around help with you.
- you may not trust to your surroundings.
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Computational Approaches to the Study of Movement in Archaeology
by Silvia Polla, Philip Verhagen
Publisher: De Gruyter Open Ltd 2014
Number of pages: 137
The archaeological study of movement and of its related patterns and features has been transformed by the use of GIS. Path analysis has become a very popular approach to the study of settlement and land-use dynamics in landscape archaeology. This volume addresses theoretical, technical and interpretative issues and presents case studies.
Home page url
Download or read it online for free here:
(multiple PDF files)
by Harry Rimmer
The general public is conscious of the field of archaeology, and the great discoveries that are being made in that realm. In this volume you will go with the diggers into the ancient ages of the Bible lands, and learn many things ...
by Alice Stevenson - UCL Press
The Museum holds more than 80,000 objects and is one of the largest and finest collections of Egyptian and Sudanese archaeology in the world. The book moves back and forth between recent history and the ancient past, between objects and people.
by G. Maspero - Putnam
This work still remains the handbook of egyptian archaeology. For beginners this book will open a fresh and fascinating field of study, while for skilled archaeologist these pages contain new facts, new views and new interpretations.
by Sue O'Connor, David Bulbeck, Juliet Meyer - ANU Press
The central Indonesian island of Sulawesi has recently been hitting headlines with respect to its archaeology. It contains some of the oldest directly dated rock art in the world, and some of the oldest evidence for a hominin presence ...
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Different cultures have very different perspectives on the importance of owning our own home. For some, it makes little sense to move into our own property between living with our family and moving in with a partner. For others, home ownership is seen as an important part of being a productive member of society; governments promote it by offering tax deals or cheap loans to potential buyers and if given the choice, people prefer to own their homes rather than rent.¹
One reason why homeownership is promoted is because it creates an asset for individuals to invest and accumulate their wealth. Taking out a mortgage and investing in property is seen as a wise economic decision; instead of paying rent, homeowners can pay off their debts, accumulate wealth and have a home to live in, all at the same time. It seems like some of the most stable investments we can make nowadays are certain property markets in cities where people assume that prices will always remain high.
However, the 2008 financial crisis demonstrated that even mortgage payments can easily be much riskier than they seem – particularly if people are buying their homes with more debt rather than higher incomes. And despite the individual benefits of investing in a house, the marketization of housing can cause real problems for those that haven’t made it onto the housing ladder. Property developers buy houses with no intention to live in them, but simply to rent them out or sell them on at a profit. Housing becomes an asset rather than a place to live, where rising prices are seen as a good thing rather than a barrier for people to live in decent housing.
Homeowners are said to invest more in their local area and engage more in community life, another claimed benefit of homeownership. According to economists this is for two reasons; homeowners have a financial incentive to improve their local area – the better it becomes the higher house prices will rise.² Homeowners are also more likely to stay in the same community for longer periods of time, increasing their engage and participation in the local community, than if they were moving on the next place in no time. Some economists have even found a link between neighborhoods with high numbers of homeowners, and low reports of crime.³ But it’s not always so clear cut that homeownership makes better citizens. Countries that prefer renting, such as Germany, don’t really have worse local citizens than a country which prefers homeownership, like the US.⁴
The main thing to understand with houses is that they play multiple roles in the economy: they are people's homes, land resources and financial assets to be bought and sold. These multiple roles make it hard to decide what the value of a home really is.⁵
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ISC Class 12 syllabus is a detailed set of content that covers all the topics taught in previous classes in a deeper way, which also makes it more extensive and tougher to cover for some students. The first step for any student to prepare for ISC Board exams is to have a clear understanding of the syllabus.
Chemistry is one of a few subjects that students really find interesting. Concepts of class 12 are directly asked in competitive examinations like JEE & NEET. It prepares you for a career in various domains like Pharmaceutical research, or environmental causes, etc.
In this page, we have provided direct and free access to the Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus PDF 2023-24 session.
2023-24 Latest Syllabus ISC Class 12 Chemistry
2022-23 Reduced Syllabus ISC Class 12 Chemistry
(for reference only)
ISC CHEMISTRY 2023-24 REVISED SYLLABUS CLASS 12
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Body Science 2 is aimed at parents & teachers who would like to teach science in an inspirational and practical manner.
It is broken down into two main areas. Both areas explore the history of diseases, health and past views on body science:
*Bodies Attacked: This section explores The Great Plague, Smallpox, The Immune System & Top Ten Killers Of Our Time.
*Brains: This section covers Cave Man, Structure and Function, Perception, Intelligence & memory.
The end of each section features a hot topic exploring topical issues within today’s scientific world.
No of Pages: 46
VAT is charged on this item at checkout
Available to download and use immediately after purchase.
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In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized various industries, and healthcare is no exception. IoT has paved the way for smarter and more efficient healthcare systems, enabling improved patient care, remote monitoring, and operational efficiency. This article explores the significance of IoT in healthcare and highlights some of the top IoT products in the industry.
Understanding IoT in Health care
IoT in health care refers to integrating connected devices, sensors, and data analytics to collect, analyze, and utilize health-related information. This interconnected ecosystem of devices and systems can potentially transform health care delivery and management.
IoT brings several benefits to the health care industry, including:
Remote patient monitoring:
It enable healthcare providers to remotely monitor patients’ vital signs, medication adherence, and overall health conditions. This allows for timely interventions, reduces hospital readmissions, and improves patient outcomes.
Enhanced operational efficiency:
IoT solutions automate various healthcare processes, such as inventory management, asset tracking, and equipment maintenance. This streamlines operation, reduces manual errors, and optimizes resource utilization.
Improved patient experience:
IoT enables personalized and patient-centric care. It empower individuals to actively participate in their healthcare journeys, from wearable devices that track fitness and health to smart pill dispensers that remind patients to take medications.
IoT Applications in Health care
IoT finds applications across different healthcare domains:
Telehealth and telemedicine:
IoT facilitates remote consultations, telemonitoring, and telemedicine services. Patients can connect with health care professionals from the comfort of their homes, eliminating the need for unnecessary hospital visits.
IoT transforms hospitals into intelligent and connected environments. IoT sensors and devices monitor patients, track equipment, manage inventory, and optimize workflow, enhancing overall hospital efficiency.
IoT-enabled smart pill dispensers and tracking systems help patients adhere to their medication regimens. These devices provide reminders, track dosage, and notify healthcare providers of irregularities.
Health and wellness wearables:
IoT wearables, such as fitness trackers and smartwatches, monitor vital signs, sleep patterns, and physical activity. These devices empower individuals to manage their health and make informed lifestyle choices proactively.
Tech Data IoT Healthcare
Overview of Tech Data IoT Health care
Tech Data is a leading provider of IoT solutions, including its offerings in the healthcare sector. Tech Data IoT Healthcare delivers innovative technologies and services to address healthcare providers’ and organizations’ unique needs.
IoT Solutions for Health care
Tech Data IoT Healthcare offers a range of solutions that cater to various healthcare requirements:
Connected health devices:
Tech Data provides IoT devices that enable remote patient monitoring, including wearable sensors, connected blood pressure monitors, glucose meters, and more. These devices transmit real-time data to healthcare professionals for continuous monitoring and intervention.
Data analytics and insights:
Tech Data’s IoT solutions incorporate advanced data analytics capabilities. These solutions provide valuable insights to healthcare providers by analyzing large volumes of healthcare data, facilitating proactive and personalized patient care.
Security and compliance:
Tech Data recognizes the importance of data security and compliance in the healthcare industry. Its IoT solutions prioritize privacy and implement robust security measures to safeguard sensitive patient information.
IoT has emerged as a game-changer in the healthcare industry, transforming how healthcare is delivered and experienced. It providers to provide efficient, proactive, and patient-centric services, from remote patient monitoring to smart hospitals and personalized care.
As IoT continues to evolve, addressing security, interoperability, and scalability challenges will be crucial. With the potential to revolutionize healthcare systems and improve patient outcomes, IoT is set to play a significant role in shaping the future of healthcare.
How does IoT improve patient care in healthcare?
IoT enables remote patient monitoring, personalized care, and timely interventions, improving patient outcomes and reducing hospital readmissions.
What are some examples of IoT devices in healthcare?
Examples include wearable sensors, smart pill dispensers, connected blood pressure monitors, and remote monitoring systems.
How does IoT enhance operational efficiency in healthcare?
IoT automates inventory management, asset tracking, and equipment maintenance processes, optimizing workflow and resource utilization.
What are the challenges of implementing IoT in health care?
Challenges include data privacy and security concerns, interoperability issues, and the need for scalable infrastructure.
What does the future hold for IoT in health care?
The future includes advancements in AI, machine learning, and personalized medicine, enabling more accurate diagnostics and predictive analytics.
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Lithium is one of Earth’s most widespread elements. The metal is found just about everywhere, even in small traces in drinking water.
In Chile, scientists are finding that the rapid rate of removal may be disrupting water availability in the surrounding desert. Beneath the Atacama Salt Flat, a Rhode Island-sized expanse of salts, a major source of lithium is locked in an underground reservoir. As mining projects there expand to meet skyrocketing demand, they have met resistance from Indigenous communities that surround the salt flat, and from regulators who are trying to understand a one-of-a-kind water cycle, Qz.com reports.
Chile’s lithium ends up in ceramics, lubricants, and most often, batteries, but the metal first enters balance sheets as a super-salty liquid. At the salt flat, two companies – Albemarle Corporation and SQM – pump out brine from below the surface. In colossal pools under the power of the sun, the water evaporates out of the brine, leaving behind white salts that are sold into international markets.
Ingrid Garcés Millas, a chemical engineering professor at the nearby University of Antofagasta, refers to this process as “water mining.” But in the government’s eyes, the brine is a mineral. It’s a point of contention that has fueled a conflict between local groups and companies over the importance of a water resource in one of the world’s driest deserts.
With brine regulated as a mineral, the government retains ownership and allows private companies to manage their own operations. But backed by growing evidence that brine extraction may reduce freshwater supply, advocates want to classify brine as water. This, they believe, will grant Indigenous groups more authority over their resources and protect a delicate ecosystem.
When Chilean citizens overwhelmingly voted in October to rewrite their dictatorship-era constitution, they set the stage for a dramatic reassessment of the coastal nation’s relationship with the environment, a move which many believe will unsettle mining companies. Lithium brine, increasingly sought to fulfill global climate goals, has challenged humanity’s attempts to classify and regulate the natural world. Its ultimate definition—mineral or water—has consequences that ripple across ecosystems, communities, and history in a nation built on mineral extraction.
The salt flat’s two lithium producers, US-based Albemarle and Chilean SQM, agree with the government. The brine, they say, is only useful as a source of the contained metal. Its water can’t be used for drinking, irrigation, or other purposes.
“Discussing the availability of the water resource in relation to the use of brine is equivalent to discussing the availability of fresh water in the country by incorporating the available seawater on the country’s coasts,” Albemarle wrote in a statement to Undark Magazine.
Yet when Eduardo Bitran oversaw a hydrological study of the salt flat in 2016 and 2017 as an officer in Chile’s economic development agency, the study tallied brine alongside freshwater. And there was a deficit: More water was leaving the salt flat than was entering it. To restore balance, lithium producers would have to figure out how to extract less water.
Brine “is mostly water,” said Bitran, now an engineering professor at Adolfo Ibáñez University. He believes it’s a mistake to regulate the substance as if it has no influence on the surrounding freshwater. This view is shared by local communities who live on the edges of the basin, said Jorge Muñoz Coca, a member of the Lickanantay Indigenous group.
On a September afternoon, at the confluence of two streams that flow to the salt flat, Muñoz Coca shepherded sheep and goats in a landscape of cactus and shrubs. Water flowed from the basin’s high mountains, past his feet, and toward the lagoons on the brim of the salt flat. “This water goes toward the big salt flat and finds the balance there,” he said, speaking in Spanish in a voice message to Undark. “Nature always finds its balance.”
Over the past few years, scientists have begun to study this ancient arid area and its salt flat with a particular focus on human-caused change. Among other things, they’ve learned that precipitation at high altitude falls to the earth and seeps through mountains’ porous rocks. As gravity pulls it down, the water collects in a basin larger than the Hawaii islands.
In the basin, the precipitation encounters more water with higher concentrations of minerals, and the two mix to some extent. Water with lower concentrations of minerals, which is less dense, floats higher to form lagoons where flamingos migrate. The brine, several times saltier than seawater, stays low.
With no outlet, water exits only through evaporation—a process that leaves behind minerals and creates the salt flat’s hard salty crust.
“The desert historically has been seen as a wasteland,” said Cristina Dorador, a microbiologist at the University of Antofagasta. Few had researched the life in the Atacama’s extreme environment when she first published on the subject in 2008. Her research traced the microbes that live in the brine to the diets of the region’s three species of flamingos, which eat brine shrimp. All three flamingo species are considered either vulnerable or near threatened, and since 1996, their habitat has been protected as a globally important wetland area under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.
Dorador thought telling people about the diverse ecology would incline others to protect the area. But “it’s not enough.”
On the slopes of the basin, thousands of feet above the center of the salt flat, several Indigenous communities rely on the mountains’ freshwater that fills aquifers and streams to sustain themselves and livestock. In 2016, after decades of extraction, activists caught international headlines as they called out shrinking water resources.
A 2019 study of satellite imagery found that drought conditions had worsened, soil moisture and vegetation declined, and daytime temperatures rose. Flamingos began migrating to the flat in smaller numbers. Skeptics blamed climate fluctuations, but locals point to another culprit: the pumps that draw brine from below the surface of the flat and the water evaporation pools that can be thousands of feet long and hundreds of feet wide.
Full article HERE
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Having worked hard to save the money, wouldn’t it be great if you could get your money to work for you and provide additional income? This is where investing comes in.
Investing can be a complicated topic with lots of jargon and plenty of opinions. While becoming an investment expert could take a lifetime, everyone can learn the basics and give it a go.
Imagine you have $100. You could save that $100 by putting it into a jar at home, at the end of the year you will still have $100. But if you put that $100 into a bank account that pays 5% interest per annum, at the end of the year you will have $105. When your money is growing, you are investing, and your money is starting to work for you!
The dictionary defines a financial investment as “putting in capital with the expectation of future return”. Some examples are depositing money in a bank to earn interest, buying property, buying a business or a share of a business and buying collectibles such as art.
The key part of the definition to note is the “expectation of a future return”. Investments do not always guarantee a future return, it is just and expectation and some investments can even result in a loss. A lot of the complexity around investing is around maximising return while minimising risk.
You might think that saving money is enough and you don’t need the hassle and risk of investing. However a fundamental reason to invest is to combat the reduction in buying power that occurs due to inflation. Inflation is the increase in the cost of goods and services over time – think about what has happened to the price of food, petrol and power over the years. Because the prices of goods and services increase over time, cash savings effectively decrease in value over time as more money is required to purchase the same amount of goods or services. Take the example of the $100 in a jar, as each year passes, your $100 buys fewer and fewer goods and services.
Returns from investments can offset or overcome the negative impact of inflation. Additionally, if you have saved and invested enough, the income from your investments could sustain your lifestyle (this is what it means to be a self funded retiree) and open up lots of interesting opportunities.
Investments play a role in achieving financial fitness much in the same way as exercise plays a role in achieving physical fitness. So while generally exercise is good, if you have a particular fitness goal you are able to tailor your exercise to achieve that goal. If you are trying to build muscle for example, resistance training is more appropriate than swimming.
When investing it is important to have a goal in mind so that you can ensure that you choose investments that best match your objective. The goal could be to save enough money for a house deposit, to have funds to pay for your child’s school fees or to fund your lifestyle in retirement.
When considering your objectives, you should think about the timeframe as well as the amount of money you are aiming for. Generally investment time frames are short term 1 -3 years, medium term 4 – 6 years or long term 7+ years.
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It was almost 30 years ago, in 1978, that a Rohingya woman named Marium* first fled to Bangladesh.
The Burma Army was launching a campaign against the Rohingya people in Burma’s Arakan State. According to Marium, the military actively kidnapped, tortured, and raped civilians while burning villages to the ground.
For nine months Marium lived in the refugee camps in southern Bangladesh. She and others were told by the Bangladesh and Burmese governments that it was safe to return to their homes, or what was left of them, she recalls. Some of the refugees, including Marium, made the trip back across the Naf River while others stayed in the refugee camps, etching a life where they could and out of the reach of the Burma Army.
Fast forward to today. Marium is back in the refugee camps in Bangladesh, now sitting next to a 40-year-old Rohingya woman named Sameera*. They’re just two of the estimated 700,000 Rohingya who have recently fled Burma in search of safety from the Burma Army’s current ethnic cleansing campaign.
For Marium, it’s a return to the relative safety of the refugee camps, this time with grown children. For Sameera it’s her first time here, but like Marium she fled with family – a husband, four daughters, and one son.
The new generations are further proof of the oppression. On one side of the Naf River are children and young adults who have only ever known a life under Burma Army oppression. On the other side are those who have only ever known a life limited to the borders of the refugee camps.
It’s been three months since both woman started their separate journeys to the camps, but for similar reasons – the fighting and attacks escalated to a point where fleeing was the only option.
Like many others, Sameera and her family were farmers in Jamboniaa Village, Maungdaw Township, mostly of rice but also of some livestock like cows and goats. They spent three days walking from their village to the Naf River’s crowded shores where the family of eight paid 100,000 kyat (73 USD) for passage across the river. The cost to cross varied between the different boats and their respective locations and number of people fleeing in each family. They say that both of their villages and neighboring villages have since been burned to the ground.
According to Marium, 2,000 Burma Army soldiers attacked her village of 1,200 residents. The soldiers were wearing green, “like leaf color,” and carrying weapons. They destroyed everything in the villages. Worse, according to Marium, were what the soldiers did to the residents.
Pain sparks through her eyes as her voice rises with intensity. She saw a family of 15 get locked inside their house by Burma Army soldiers who then set the house on fire. No one escaped. She heard how her son’s mother-in-law tried to flee her village but was captured and beaten. She also heard how her nephew, age 15, was shot dead by the soldiers. These are just 16 of the 6,700 Rohingya who, according to Medecins Sans Frontieres (English name Doctors Without Borders), were killed by the Burma Army between August 25 and September 24.
And so Marium continues the list of atrocities she both saw perpetrated by members of the Burma Army and heard about: women raped, women kidnapped, children shot, babies thrown into fires, men beaten and/or killed, farms and homes destroyed. As she shares, a man who has been listening tries to speak up about the babies he, too, saw thrown into the fire, but tears fill his eyes, his voice breaks, and the words grow inaudible.
Sameera nods in agreement for she has seen and heard the same. She, too, heard of her 15-year-old nephew who was shot and killed by the Burma Army with wounds near his ear and in his back. She saw others killed but she doesn’t know their names. She goes on to name two men, ages 35 and 40, who were arrested six months ago because, according to the soldiers, “they had smartphones and they weren’t allowed to have/use them.” According to Sameera, they were “beaten mercilessly” and are still being held in Arakan State’s Buthidaung prison.
All that they’ve shared matches what is being said by other Rohingya – that the Burma Army’s actions have escalated into a widespread ethnic cleansing campaign against the Rohingya, involving war crimes and crimes against humanity.
They represent two different generations that have now gone through the same violence and in Marium’s case, gone through it more than once. This is not a new situation. Worse, just like multiple generations of the Rohingya are experiencing the violence, multiple generations of Burma Army soldiers are perpetrating the violence. There is an endless cycle of violence and no peace.
Here in the camps, Marium, Sameera, and others are outside of the Burma Army’s reach. Both women express their gratitude to the Bangladesh government for giving shelter and supplies. But for Marium and Sameera, these camps are not and never will be home.
“We remember our homes,” they say. “We want to go back. We want our lives there back,” she said.
And until they are able to return to their true homes, Marium and Sameera will continue to do what they are doing – caring for their families, praying for peace, and sharing their stories with all who will listen.
*names have been changed*
The Free Burma Rangers (FBR) mission is to provide hope, help and love to internally displaced people inside Burma, regardless of ethnicity or religion. Using a network of indigenous field teams, FBR reports on human rights abuses, casualties and the humanitarian needs of people who are under the oppression of the Burma Army. FBR provides medical, spiritual and educational resources for IDP communities as they struggle to survive Burmese military attacks. For more information, please visit www.freeburmarangers.org.
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Youth and Family Planning during COVID-19
Statistically COVID-19 has low mortality rates for youths and adolescents. What the Coronavirus is instead putting young girls at risk of, is a lack of Family Planning services, which could increase mortality rates as a result. The World Health Organisation states that, for girls aged 15-19, complications from pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death globally.
Disruption of Access and Supply Chain
Stock-outs of many contraceptive methods are predicted to occur within the next 6 months (at the time of writing) in more than a dozen Low-Middle Income Countries (LMIC). Without effective mitigation strategies implemented, it is estimated that between 13 million and 51 million women will be unable to use modern contraceptive methods, who would have otherwise been able to access and use them.
The unmet need for family planning in LMIC is only expected to increase as the effects of the pandemic are felt more widely. Production of IUD’s in India (who produces a significant number of the global IUDs) was forced to come to a standstill in March, as well as the Indian government prohibiting the export of products with progesterone; a key component of many contraceptive methods.
"The consequences of COVID-19 go beyond getting infected or not; sexual and reproductive health services are being affected by the pandemic, particularly for adolescents and youth for who access to contraceptives is key, if we want them to thrive. Now, more than ever, we need to approach sexual and reproductive health from a well-being perspective."
David Imbago Jacome, VP, International Youth Health Organisation, PMNCH Board Member
The Effect on Youth
It is estimated that around 23 million adolescent girls in LMIC have an unmet need for contraception and family planning. One study found that the demand for contraception among adolescents ranged from 22% in Azerbaijan to a huge 98% in Peru. If young women are already struggling to get access to contraception, the coronavirus pandemic only poses to exacerbate these issues.
However, the effect on young people may turn out to be beneficial in the long run; many healthcare providers have been forced into thinking about innovative ways they can provide a high-quality service, whilst minimising the risk to both patients and professionals. Both telephone and video platforms have been found to be well-suited to contraceptive care.
This means that many girls who may have been unable to attend a consultation on family planning, due to any number of reasons such as money issues or inability to access transport, will have the opportunity to get adequate family planning counselling and services. So, although the pandemic has been devastating for the entire globe, there may well be some positives that occur.
Chair of our Committee on Contraception and Family Planning, Jill Sheffield, comments:
With nearly half of the world’s population under the age of 25, the sexual & reproductive health of young people needs to be a priority globally. The FIGO Committee on Contraception and Family Planning has the sexual and reproductive health needs of young people as a priority in our work. We know that information, services and supplies are too often denied to them. This must change and we hope that the Member Societies of FIGO can lead the way to opening access to life-saving information and services for young people everywhere.”
Ensuring that youth across the globe have access to safe and effective methods of family planning is key to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with targets included in SDGs 3, 5 and 10. We must all come together to ensure that the COVID-19 pandemic does not prevent adolescents and young people from accessing the contraception services which they so crucially need
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DIGLAKE PIT DISASTER 1895
The commemoration of the 125th Anniversary of this mining disaster was an opportunity to remember the devastating loss of the 77 men and boys who were killed in the Diglake Colliery Disaster of 14 January 1895.
The event has never been fully remembered before and it was felt that this 125th Anniversary should be duly recognised. The DVD includes an introductory documentary on Coal Mining in North Staffordshire plus a detailed account of how and why the disaster happened.
Members of Audley Methodist Church in conjunction with the Apedale Heritage Centre organised a four day event including a mining exhibition, a memorial walk, an education day for 200 local school children, a remembrance service and the dedication of two new mining figures by the Diglake Memorial Stone.
This event was a chance for the relatives of those killed, the local community and young people of the Audley area to remember the sacrifices made by miners and their families, and also to recall the working and living conditions they had to endure in 1895.
The Minnie Pit disaster of January 1918 and Sneyd Pit disaster of January 1942 are also commemorated by Staffordshire Film Archive. Donations from proceeds on these documentaries are forwarded to the local communities involved.
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Thirty-two mobile hydroponic vertical farms, known as Flex Farms, are set to improve the climate resilience of three Caribbean nations, with intent for further expansion throughout the region. This initiative forms part of a pioneering pilot project focusing on climate-smart agriculture, food security, and education.
With backing from the Sony Music Global Social Justice Fund, the Caribbean Climate-Smart Accelerator (CCSA) collaborated with Wisconsin-based agriculture technology company, Fork Farms to grant 25 indoor systems to the Cayman Islands, five systems to Anguilla and two units to Barbados.
Racquel Moses, Chief Executive Officer of the CCSA, says that the original motive behind the project was to create equity— to help level the food production playing field for the climate vulnerable Caribbean region.
“When we embarked upon this initiative with Sony Music Global Social Justice Fund it was an issue of climate justice,” says Moses. “We decided that producing more of our own food was a matter of justice and national security.”
According to Fork Farms, Flex Farms represent the pinnacle of hydroponic technology, offering unrivaled efficiency, scalability, and transformation. The systems possess the extraordinary capacity to yield more than 25 pounds of fresh leafy greens, a staggering 45 times greater output compared to traditional methods, all within a remarkably short 28-day timeframe.
The small footprint of the system is one of the features that makes it particularly fitting to the Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean. While relying on traditional energy sources, the closed-loop system with 288 plant spaces that recirculates nutrients and water, requires 40% less electricity than other hydroponic technologies. Each 10 square foot unit utilizes 98% less water and land and provides the sustainability of direct farm-to-table consumption with no requirement for chemical inputs such as pesticides and herbicides.
This initiative comes during one of the hottest periods on record for the climate vulnerable region. Drastic temperature increases have diminished crop yields and are expected to lead to more pests, erosion changes, increased weed growth, declining crop quality, and potential crop failures.
Barbados currently ranks as one of the world's most water-stressed nations, with forecasts of rising sea levels and shifting precipitation patterns, painting a bleak picture for the country's future water resources. During the period from June to August 2023, Barbados experienced a mean temperature anomaly that was 0.8 degrees Celsius above the typical range with 87 days of heightened heat during this period.
Water scarcity and extreme heat also pose a threat to the Cayman Islands, with average annual air temperatures having increased by approximately 2.2 °C over the past 40 years. Global Climate Models project 11% less total rainfall per year under the most severe climate change scenario. The Cayman Islands is also highly vulnerable to extreme weather events. In 2004, Hurricane Ivan destroyed 90-95% of crops across Grand Cayman, the country’s largest island.
Like its neighbors, Anguilla is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. In 2017, the 35 square mile British Overseas Territory was hit by Category 5 Hurricane Irma, causing widespread destruction. With its relatively flat terrain, Anguilla is vulnerable to sea level rise and storm surges, and as a water scarce country, it is highly dependent on rain and water storage for its water supply. From the perspective of increasing temperatures, the Caribbean Regional Climate Centre predicts that extreme heat events in Anguilla could become a nearly year-long occurrence by the 2040s.
In a region with limited water resources, that is heavily reliant on rainfall for irrigation— with 70% of water being allocated for agricultural purposes— Flex Farms have the potential to play a role in mitigating some of the adverse impacts of enduring high temperatures.
In addition to the units’ potential to improve climate resilience, and food security, the educational potential of the project— as supported by a turnkey curriculum, learning packages and digital modules— holds great promise for the future of climate smart agriculture in the Caribbean.
In Barbados, two units were provided directly to the Walkers Institute for Regenerative Research, Education and Design (WIRRED)— the largest regenerative project of its kind in the Caribbean, which sits on the restored lands of a former sand quarry on the northern coast of the island.
The government of the Cayman Islands received twenty-five Flex Farms, three of which have been allocated to high schools to facilitate agricultural training. Two of the systems will be housed at Beacon Farms, a rehabilitation facility for individuals recovering from drug and alcohol addiction, as part of a skills training initiative to advance agricultural literacy in the Cayman Islands. And an additional twenty Flex Farms have been ordered for installation in the country's primary schools.
Johany Ebanks, Cayman’s Minister of Planning, Agriculture, Housing and Infrastructure indicates that the pilot project “has come at a time when we are expanding and modernizing our Agricultural Sector. The equipment received will augment this great work that has started as we continue to bolster the food and nutrition security efforts of the Cayman Islands.”
In Anguilla, the the Department of Natural Resources (DNaR) has allocated five units to public schools that operate feeding programs, where students and staff will not only enjoy the fresh produce from the Flex Farm but also gain valuable educational experiences in various fields, including STEM, nutrition, agriculture, sustainability, and health.
Among the educational institutions that will benefit from the program are a school that caters to students with behavioral challenges, a secondary school hands-on learning program, and a rehabilitation centre for juvenile offenders.
Through the integration of the Flex Farm units, Caribbean nations have the opportunity to bolster agricultural productivity, adapt to the challenges posed by climate change, and secure a sustainable, long-term food supply for their communities in the face of increasing climate threats.
The initiative will also offer practical learning and firsthand experience in the realms of entrepreneurship, agriculture, nutrition, and science— providing an opportunity to grow the agricultural labour force in the region.
Racquel Moses, CEO of the CCSA, says that the results to date have been very promising.
“In a region where we are inundated with losses due to storms, facing erosion of our land, heat waves, droughts, flooding, changing weather patterns, and the various impacts of climate change, there is no more urgent issue than our food security,” says Moses.
“Caribbean nations are increasingly challenged by the carbon in the atmosphere that continues to produce wealth that we do not have access to. Our only option, and salient opportunity, is to innovate our way out of this predicament by finding increasingly creative methods of producing more of our food while reducing our imports.”
The CCSA envisions extending the project to additional nations and invites individuals, organizations, and stakeholders to come together in their efforts to champion food security, sustainability, and social inclusion throughout the Caribbean.
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A creative work is a manifestation of creative effort including fine artwork (sculpture, paintings, drawing, sketching, performance art), dance, writing (literature), filmmaking, and musical composition. Creative works require a creative mindset and are not typically rendered in an arbitrary fashion although some works demonstrate a degree of arbitrariness, such that it is improbable that two people would independently create the same work. At its base, creative work involves two main steps—having an idea, and then turning that idea into a substantive form or process. The creative process can involve one or more individuals.
- Economics Books - Books on economics subjects
- Election - 1999 movie about high school elections, "overachievers" and ethical and moral choices
- Enemy of the State - 1998 Tony Scott thriller about the NSA and the surveillance society
- Epic Films - Historical, legendary or other dramatic films usually involving heroic characters or events
- Essays - Short written compositions, such as essays, articles, papers, pamphlets or short stories
The introductory paragraph uses material from the Wikipedia article "Creative work" as of 10 Nov 2018, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
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What are the topics discussed by Rizal in Noli Me Tangere?
Likewise, as “Noli Me Tangere” portrays the different aspects of gaining independence, Jose Rizal focuses on social climbers, abusive power, family devotion, self sacrifice, and purity and faithfulness.
What do you remember in Rizal’s novel Noli Me Tangere?
Noli me Tangere is the first novel written by Filipino patriot and national hero Dr. José P. Rizal in 1887 and published in Germany. The story line goes detailed with the society of the Philippines during Spanish colonial period and features aristocracy behind poverty and abuse of colonialists.
What is the climax of the story Noli me Tangere?
Plot: It was about a young man who studied in Europe and returned to the Philippines by Crisostomo Ibarra. Climax: He had already killed Padre Damaso but he was prevented by Maria Clara.
What is synopsis example?
Example of a Synopsis. Here’s an example of a short synopsis of the story of Jack and Jill: Jack and Jill is the story of a boy and a girl who went up a hill together. They went to fetch a pail of water, but unfortunately, their plan is disrupted when Jack falls and hits his head, and rolls back down the hill.
What for you is the reason of Rizal’s writing the original book of Noli Me Tangere in the language of the colonizer Spanish?
Rizal wrote in Spanish because that was the appropriate language for his intent. He could have written it in Filipino, but he wrote about the injustices of Spanish rule. Quite fitting that he should rebuke them in their own language. That the people he discussed for a large part, would find Spanish understandable.
What is the purpose of Noli Me Tangere?
The preface of the “Noli me tangere” states the purpose of its author, which was no other than to expose the sufferings of the Filipino people to the public gaze, as the ancients did with their sick so that the merciful and generous might suggest and apply a suitable care.
What is the plot exposition rising action climax falling action resolution?
Definition: The sequence of events told in a story, plot is also known as narrative structure. There are usually considered to be five elements in a plot line: exposition or background information, rising action (that which complicates the story), climax or crisis, falling action, and resolution.
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For your Final Project in the course, create a full analysis between two different companies in the same industry (for example, Coca Cola and Pepsi). Please ensure that you fully explain all calculations and that you answer every question thoroughly. You will need to locate information about the two companies’ annual financial statements for the most recent year available. To do so, go to one of the many financial sites on the Internet to download their reports.
Your analyses should address the following items:
What are the primary lines of business of these two companies as shown in their notes to the financial statement?
Which company has the dominant position in their industry?
What are the gross profits, operating profits, and net income for these two companies?
Compute both companies’ cash coverage ratio, current ratio, and free cash flow.
What ratios do each of these companies use in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section of the annual report to explain their financial condition related to debt financing (meaning you MUST find each of the two firms’ annual reports)?
What are the gross profits, net income, EBIT, EBITDA and free cash flow (FCF) for these two companies?
For both companies, compute:
total debt ratio;
total asset turnover;
day’s sales in inventory;
profit margin on sales;
return on assets; and
return on equity.
Fully explain what each ratio is telling you (NOT just a definition), but relevant to your firms.
Complete your study with a full DuPont Model.
Specifically, after calculating the ratios, explain what each tells you about the company and compare/contrast with the other company. For example, when discussing the day’s sales in inventory and inventory turnover, indicate where and why there might be a significant difference between the two companies you have selected.
Finally, using two of the several valuation models we have studied in this course, demonstrate whether the stock is overvalued, undervalued, or correctly valued by the market. They might include CAPM, Dividend Discount, Free Cash Flow, or Earnings Multiplier, your choice, but be prepared to defend your answer in your final presentation.
The paper must follow APA writing style guidelines for citation (both in-text and reference), structure, grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Include your analytical comments and add charts or graphs if they help to prove your point more clearly.
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What Is High Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the force of blood that pushes against the walls of your arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart to other parts of the body. Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood to the arteries. If the pressure in your arteries becomes too high, you have high blood pressure . High blood pressure can put extra stress on your organs. This can lead to heart attack, heart failure, stroke and kidney failure.
Some women have high blood pressure before they get pregnant. Others have high blood pressure for the first time during pregnancy. About 8 in 100 women have some kind of high blood pressure during pregnancy. If you have high blood pressure, talk to your health care provider. Managing your blood pressure can help you have a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby.
Puedo Tener Un Embarazo Saludable Con La Presin Arterial Alta
Es ideal que veá a su médico antes de quedar embarazada. Esto le da a su proveedor de atención médica la oportunidad de ver si su presión arterial está bajo control y revisar sus medicamentos. Ciertos medicamentos no son seguros durante el embarazo y pueden dañar a su bebé.Durante el embarazo, la hipertensión crónica puede empeorar, especialmente si desarrolla preeclampsia encima de la hipertensión crónica. Si esto sucede, usted puede desarrollar complicaciones como la insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva, cambios en la visión, accidente cerebrovascular, convulsiones y problemas renales o hepáticos.
What Else Can I Do
Taking the following steps may help reduce the risks of serious problems related to preeclampsia. Staying on top of your symptoms can also alert your doctor to any need for an early delivery. If you are at very high risk for preeclampsia, your doctor may put you on a daily low dose of aspirin. Also:
Go to prenatal visits. The best way to keep you and your baby healthy throughout your pregnancy is to go to all your scheduled prenatal visits so your doctor can check your blood pressure and any other signs and symptoms of preeclampsia.
Throughout your pregnancy, your doctor will check:
- Your blood pressure
- Levels of protein in your urine
- How your baby is growing and gaining weight
Track your weight and blood pressure. If you had high blood pressure before you were pregnant, be sure to tell your doctor at your first appointment. Your doctor may want you to track your weight and blood pressure in between visits.
Ease blood pressure. To help ease your blood pressure, you doctor may recommend taking extra calcium or aspirin, or lying on your left side when you rest. They may also recommend you to check your diet to be sure youre getting plenty of fruits and veggies and that it is low in salt.
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Questions For Your Doctor
- Im pregnant and have high blood pressure. How great is my risk of developing gestational hypertension or preeclampsia?
- Is there anything I can do to reduce my risk?
- Will medicines help me?
- How often will I need to see you for appointments?
- What are my treatment options?
- Will I need bed rest?
- Will I need a C-section? Or can I have a vaginal birth?
What Can You Do About High Blood Pressure Before Pregnancy
Heres what you can do:
- Get a preconception checkup. This is a medical checkup you get before pregnancy to take care of health conditions that may affect your pregnancy.
- Use birth control until your blood pressure is under control. Birth control is methods you can use to keep from getting pregnant. Condoms and birth control pills are examples of birth control.
- Get to a healthy weight. Talk to your provider about the weight thats right for you.
- Eat healthy foods.
- Do something active every day.
- Dont smoke. Smoking is dangerous for people with high blood pressure because it damages blood vessel walls.
Also Check: What Can Bring Your Blood Pressure Down
Treatments For High Blood Pressure
Your doctor or midwife will check your blood pressure regularly. If you have high blood pressure, it is important to:
If high blood pressure is caused by a medical condition such as kidney disease, its important to talk to your doctor about what medications are safe to take during pregnancy.
Pre-eclampsia can be managed with medication and close monitoring of both you and the baby. However, it can become worse very quickly. If this happens, you may need to go to hospital or have the baby delivered early.
Treating Low Blood Pressure
The main goal in treating low blood pressure during pregnancy is symptom reduction, especially if you are experiencing dizziness and fainting.;For the most part, many people can manage symptoms of low blood pressure with lifestyle modifications, such as:;
- Staying hydrated;
- Consuming enough calories to support you and your baby
- Avoiding standing for long periods of time
- Moving slowly from a supine or prone position to a standing position
Blood pressure tends to be lower when a person is at rest and can cause blood to pool in the legs, so it’s important to move positions or get up from a seated or reclining position slowly to avoid the onset of symptoms, such as dizziness or fainting.
If a patient is on a medication that may cause low blood pressure, we would recommend discontinuing the medication, explains Atlas. Like high blood pressure, treating low blood pressure with medication during pregnancy is only recommended when absolutely necessaryand only with medications known to be safe during pregnancy.
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What Risks Are There To A Pregnancy With Chronic Hypertension
Unmanaged chronic high blood pressure can put your pregnancy at higher risk of certain complications. Some may include a small-for-gestational-age baby , premature birth, breathing problems before or during labor, placental abruption;and preeclampsia.
If your condition is well-managed, these risks can be minimized or even eliminated.
Staying Active While Pregnant
Being inactive during pregnancy can be a source of high blood pressure. To combat this, try staying active while pregnant by exercising for 20-30 minutes each day. This doesnt have to be a full workout! Taking a brisk walk or practicing yoga while pregnant are both great ways to get your body moving.
Staying active while pregnant is about getting your heart rate up at a healthy level. This increases circulation throughout your body and also improves heart health naturally. To make this method for how to lower blood pressure during pregnancy even more beneficial, better blood circulation can help fight swelling and inflammation.
Its important to consult your healthcare professional before starting any exercise routine to make sure its safe.;
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How Is High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy Diagnosed
No one test diagnoses high blood pressure while pregnant. Instead, your doctor will take your blood pressure at each of your prenatal appointments. He or she will keep track of your blood pressure readings during your pregnancy and be able to spot any changes that could indicate an overall problem. He or she will also use urine and blood tests to watch for possible issues.
What Causes High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
Some women have a higher chance to getting high blood pressure while theyre pregnant. These include women who:
- Are having their first baby.
- Have a mom or sister who had high blood pressure while pregnant.
- Are carrying multiple babies .
- Are older than 40 years old.
- Are African American.
- Were overweight when they became pregnant.
- Had high blood pressure before they became pregnant.
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Frequently Asked Questions Expand All
Your obstetriciangynecologist ;should check your blood pressure at each prenatal care;visit. Blood pressure changes often during the day. If you have one high reading, another reading may be taken later during your office visit.
Chronic hypertension is high blood pressure that a woman has before getting pregnant or that develops in the first half of pregnancy . If you were taking blood pressure medication before you got pregnanteven if your blood pressure is currently normalyou have been diagnosed with chronic hypertension.
When a woman is pregnant, her body makes more blood to support the fetuss growth. If blood pressure goes up during pregnancy, it can place extra stress on her heart and kidneys. This can lead to heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. High blood pressure during pregnancy also increases the risk of preeclampsia, preterm;birth, placental abruption, and cesarean birth.
If your condition remains stable, delivery 1 to 3 weeks before your due date generally is recommended. If you or the fetus develop complications, delivery may be needed even earlier.
How To Deal With Low Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
Pregnant women will experience dizziness due to low blood pressure; however, you can try these simple steps to minimize the symptoms as well as promote safety.
- Try to lie on your left side as it increases the flow of blood to your heart
- Avoid some sudden movement particularly when standing up from a seated position
- Avoid standing for long durations of time
- Wear support stockings, usually compression stockings
- Avoid caffeinated drinks or beverages and alcohol
- Consume several small meals during the day instead of the normal three large meals
- Exercise regularly because it sharpens the reflexes and helps keep the blood pressure within the normal range. Consult with your physician regarding the exercises you can do while pregnant.
- Drink plenty of fluids; a pregnant woman should drink more water than the recommended amount for normal people, usually drink between three quarts and a gallon of water a day.
When to Call the Doctor
In case the condition gets out of hand, you can always seek for professional help from your medical health care provider. Dizziness may be associated with troubling symptoms which should be observed keenly. It is recommended that any pregnant woman access emergency care in case she starts fainting, or starts experiencing more serious symptoms i.e. severe headache, blurring, weakness or numbness on one side of the body and shortness of breath.
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High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy Treatment
If you have chronic hypertension, you may have been taking medicine for it before you became pregnant. Tell your doctor which medicine youre taking. He or she may say its okay to continue that medicine. But if the medicine isnt safe for your baby, you may need to switch to another medicine during your pregnancy. Like with all pregnancies, your doctor will check your blood pressure and urine during your regular appointments.
If you have gestational hypertension, your doctor will monitor your blood pressure and urine more closely. He or she will do this to watch for signs of preeclampsia. Your doctor may also monitor your baby. One way to do that is with an ultrasound. This is a painless test that lets your doctor see your baby inside your body.
How Can I Manage My High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
Although there is no cure for chronic hypertension, there are ways to successfully manage your high blood pressure during pregnancy. Taking care of yourself is the best way to take care of your developing baby.
Below are some examples:
Compiled using information from the following sources:
1. Harms, R. W., Johnson, R. V., & Murray, M. M. . Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
2. Mayo Clinic Staff. . Preeclampsia.
3. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. . Your Pregnancy and Childbirth: Month to Month, Fifth Edition. Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Recommended Reading: Is Salt Bad For High Blood Pressure
Natural Ways With Potential
If you do an Internet search, youll find dozens of other natural ways to lower blood pressure. They may be effective, but the evidence is limited or questionable.
Take stress reduction, for example. In 2017, the American Heart Association issued a scientific statement on the role of meditation in cardiovascular riskreduction. The AHA determined the concept was plausible, but the studies included too few subjects and used different endpoints, which made drawing conclusions impossible.
Some studies showed significant benefit, and others showed none. There simply wasnt enough data to say that meditation consistently lowers blood pressure, says Dr. Laffin. More likely, anything that relaxes you decreases blood pressure temporarily, but isnt a solution for people with sustained hypertension.
The same issue applies to various foods, spices, herbs and vitamins. You will probably find a study or two on each that says it lowers blood pressure, but these have never been robustly studied, he says.
If you are serious about using natural ways to lower blood pressure, choose one or more methods that have stood the test of time.
This article originally appeared in Cleveland Clinic Heart Advisor.
Changes In Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
As a woman progresses in her pregnancy, her blood pressure may change or return to pre-pregnancy levels. There are a few possible reasons for this.
The amount of blood in a womans body increases. According to the journal Circulation, a womans blood volume increases by as much as 45 percent during pregnancy. This is extra blood that the heart must pump throughout the body.
The left ventricle becomes thicker and larger. This temporary effect allows the heart to work harder to support the increased blood volume.
The kidneys release increased amounts of vasopressin, a hormone that leads to increased water retention.
In most cases, high blood pressure during pregnancy will decrease after the baby is delivered. In cases where blood pressure remains elevated, your doctor may prescribe medication to get it back to normal.
How To Lower High Blood Pressure In Pregnancy
Gestational hypertension is a condition that may develop during pregnancy, particularly in women with high blood pressure, a personal or family history of preeclampsia, obesity, multiple pregnancies or certain conditions such as diabetes or arthritis. If you have been diagnosed with high blood pressure you should take some steps to stay healthy during pregnancy. At OneHowTo.com we have some tips for you to discover how to lower high blood pressure during pregnancy.
The first thing to know is that even if you do not feel ill, high blood pressure during pregnancy is a condition that requires care and attention otherwise it could lead you to a case of preeclampsia or eclampsia that would jeopardize your health and the baby’s. Therefore, it is advisable to take into account some suggestions to lower high blood pressure during pregnancy and maintain good health.
The first thing you should do in order to lower high blood pressure during pregnancy is to lower your salt intake. This is one of the main triggers of high blood pressure, so we recommend that:
Keep a healthy diet during your pregnancy rich in fruits, vegetables, minimising the consumption of pastries, processed sugars, fast food, fried food and you will greatly help to lower high blood pressure and keep yourself in good condition.
Attend all scheduled reviews and follow the instructions of your specialist for lowering high blood pressure during pregnancy and stay healthy.
Tracking Your Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
In addition to keeping all of your prenatal care appointments so your doctor can track your blood pressure readings, you might want to turn to home blood pressure technology, which has become quite good and should be considered fairly reliable.
In fact, for women with high blood pressure concerns, a home monitor is a nice way of taking ownership of ones care and being an active participant. Ask your physician which device shed recommend and then get a quick lesson on how to use it at home.
Read Also: Does Food Affect Blood Pressure
Here Are 7 Natural Ways You Can Lower Your Blood Pressure During Pregnancy
1. Ditch the salt. Although your body requires sodium in small amounts, consuming too much sodium can lead to hypertension. So try to substitute salt for other spices, like cumin fresh herbs and lemon pepper. You can also rinse canned food to rid them of any extra sodium, and try your best to avoid processed foods and fast foods. If you buy processed foods, try to choose low-sodium options.
2. Eat a healthy more whole grains and potassium-rich foods. Go bananas on, well, bananas, but not just. Sweet potatoes, prunes, raisins, kidney beans, tomatoes and more are all high on potassium and can thus help you lower your blood pressure. Studies have shown that whole grains, which are rich in dietary fibers, can also help reduce hypertension. So fuel up on legumes, vegetables, protein and whole grains. For example, for breakfast you could have a mixed veggie omelet paired with whole grain toast and a side of fruit.
3. Destress. Whether you are pregnant or not, being stressed can actually cause your blood pressure to hike. So try eliminating the things that trigger anxiety, and do what you can to promote relaxation whether its meditation, yoga or breathing techniques. All these can eventually help you manage labor pain, so its good practice for the big day, too.
The first thing you should do in order tolower high blood pressure during pregnancy is to lower your salt intake. This is one of the main triggers of high blood pressure, so we recommend that:
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Relations between liturgical and non-liturgical singing in the Netherlands around 1900by Han Leentvaar | Het ORGEL | Year 94 | (1998) | Issue 23
Het ORGEL 94 (1998), nr. 6, 6-13 [summary]
100 years ago, many Dutch Protestant families possessed a reed organ. The popularity of this instrument grew since 1875 and is probably related to the introduction of gospel hymns in the Netherlands at that time. These gospel hymns originated in the United States of America, where they were used in revival gatherings. The songs were sung by singers like Sankey, who accompanied themselves on a reed organ. The popularity of the songs in the Netherlands did not lead to their introduction in church services; only a few of the songs were published in official church hymnals. At the same time, the official church hymns were not very popular outside of the church: only 29 of the 150 psalm tunes were generally known. Around 1900, content and melody of the psalms were held responsible for this lack of popularity. In a comparable way, The official hymns in the books Evangelische Gezangen (1806) and Vervolgbundel (1866) were not popular either. As before 1850 congregational singing was slow and isometric; organists played intermezzi between the lines. At the turn of the 19th century people tried to improve congregational singing; some of them pled for the introduction of the non-isometric, original rhythms. Some orthodox protestants felt their religious convictions were attacked by this movement.
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When something is distinct, it's easy to see it or easy to notice it. Distinct things are clear. They're often very different from the things around them, which makes them easy to see, or easy to pick out.
This red pencil is distinct. It's easy to notice it first among all the other pencils.
This picture shows us that with our glasses off, we can't see shapes well: the trees are blurry. But with our glasses on, we can see distinct shapes: the trees are distinct.
Remember: when a shape or an object is distinct, you can tell what it is right away, or you can tell it apart from other things around it. When one thing is distinct from other things, it's not like them at all: it's different, separate, and easy to tell apart.
Idea 1: "You always know when you hear (some toy, device, vehicle, or musical instrument), because it makes a distinct sound."
Idea 2: "It's hard to draw a distinct (thing), because you have to get (some part or piece of it) just right."
Enroll in "Make Your Point, Jr." for one-on-one tutoring.
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Nepal is a federal republic located in Asia between India and China. The total area Nepal covers is 1,47,181 square kilometers. Mainly, it is divided into three geographical regions: Hill, Himal and Terai. The hill has moderate temperature all around the world, Terai has very hot during and very cold during winter and Himal has cold weather. But now, Nepal has been declared as secular country with 7 federal states politically.
The total population according to the census of 2068 B.S. is around 30 million. Majority of the people are farmers in Nepal. But these days, larger portion of young generation are in overseas so that the main source of income of Nepal is remittance.
Though Nepal is secular country, above 80% people follow Hindu religion. There are people of other religious groups including Christian, Muslim, Buddhists but they have been living in harmony for ages.
Nepal is small in area but its history and civilization is very ancient. The ages-old art and architectures, civilization, culture, tradition and rituals and values make Nepal more distinctive among the nations in South Asia. Moreover, Nepal is known as the land of Mt. Everest, the highest mountain peak of the world and the land of Gautam Buddha, the light of Asia. Thousands of tourists visit Nepal every year for various activities including trekking, hiking, mountaineering, peak climbing, river rafting, bunjee jumping and many more.
The weathers in Nepal mark 4 climatic seasons: Summer( June- Aug ), Autumn ( Sep- Nov), Winter( Dec- Feb) and Spring ( Mar-May). Summer is very hot and the temperature rises up to 40 degree Celsius. Summer receives heavy rainfall. It is very difficult to travel during summer in Nepal because there are threats of landslides and floods. Spring is also very hot and the temperature is very similar to that of Summer but pleasant. The new arrival of migratory birds and their melodies, blossoms and the greenery make the entire surrounding incredible. Meanwhile, the combination between flowering rhododendron and marvelous mountain views will be perfect during Spring in Nepal. So, some of the travelers love travelling in Nepal during Spring season. And spring season is the best season for mountaineering and peak climbing in Nepal.
Winter is very cold in Nepal. The temperature grows up to -10 degree Celsius in the mountain region and it’s very cold in Hilly and Terai region. The mountains of Nepal receive heavy snowfall during winter. So, travelling to the core part of the mountains is almost impossible during winter in Nepal.
Autumn is neither hot nor cold in Nepal. Majority of travelers plan their trips for Nepal during Autumn. There is no rainfall and snowfall as well during Autumn in Nepal. The weather is perfectly clear and the mountain peaks are marvelously visible. Thus, it is recommended to travel in Nepal during Autumn.
Foreign people can enter in Nepal from both land and by air. The only Tribhuvan International Airport paves the way to enter into Nepal by air. Majority of the foreign tourist use this airport located in the capital city of Nepal, Kathmandu. However, there are various entrances to enter into Nepal by land. Geographically, Nepal is bordering to two giant nations: China and India. Both China and India lets foreign people to enter into Nepal. You can enter into Nepal by using Tatopani entrance located between Nepal and Tibet/China. Also, other various entrances are being opened to enter into Nepal from Tibet/China by land.
On the other hand, you can enter into Nepal by land by using various entrances from India including Jogbani, Birgunj, Kakarvitta and many more. One can make an easy access to Nepal from India since the border is open between two countries.
If you are entering into Nepal by air, you can ask the international travel companies located near to you to book the air ticket for you to arrive in Kathmandu and soon, the Gautam Buddha International Airport located in Bhairahawa is opening for international foreigners. You can also inquire about it with travel companies.
And if you are using road to enter into Nepal, you can book the bus ticket up to the border if you are coming from China and you need to change the bus to Nepal. You cant get direct bust to Nepal from China. At the border, you need to change it.But, if you are coming from India, you can get direct bus to Nepal from different Indian cities including New Delhi.
Travel insurance is a must document to be carried during your travel in Nepal and it should be authentic too. If you have travel insurance with your while travelling in Nepal, you feel more comfortable and confident and relaxed. For instance, if you go to the mountain and do other adventure activities, you may have doubt that you may encounter with some problems and you have pressure to bear the risks and expenses by yourself. But if you have travel insurance, it lets you feel that you are safe all the time during your travel. And you should have such travel insurance that must cover all your risks coverage.
Sometimes, it not all the cases, you may have to be rescued by helicopter or car or jeep from the mountain when you get altitude sickness and any other kind of problems, at this point, if your insurance doesn’t cover the expenses, it will get delayed or sometimes, will also be hard to rescue. Therefore, you, at any cost, have to bring travel insurance with you. For reliable and authentic travel insurance, you can go with the following international travel insurance companies. These travel companies are the most recommended ones.
The national or official language for communicating in Nepal is Nepal. However, people in different region communicate with different dialects. The different languages they speak also represent their culture and civilization at the same time. These days, people are learning some other international languages including English, Chinese, French and Japanese. But very few people communicate with these languages particularly in the major cities like Kathmandu and Pokhara. The people who are working with travel and trekking company may speak multiple languages to communicate with foreigners in a comfortable way so that there won’t occur any misunderstanding while dealing with particular tour and travel package. The employees at shopping malls, department stores, bank, restaurants and hotels can speak various languages to meet the satisfaction of the clients. Mostly, these people at the workplace speak English.
Interestingly, the guesthouse owners and the workers in the mountain region speak English but not perfectly. However, the way they speak English and to some degree, other languages make sufficient sense of communication. At the same time, you can ask your travel/tour/trekking company to provide such guide who can speak your native language. This way will make your trip more memorable and blissful.
Regarding currency, it is not compulsory to have Nepali currency during your visit in Nepal. You can pay USD, AUD, CAD, Euro, Indian Rupees in restaurants, hotels, transports and tour and travel companies located in major cities including Kathmandu, Pokhara, Chitwan and Lumbini. However, in local shops, restaurants and guesthouses, people prefer Nepali currency. For this, you need to prepare some Nepali currency to pay for your foods and other services in local areas. You can exchange Nepali currency at various money changers and banks located in the cities before your departure to the particular region for your holiday trip. Make sure that you have sufficient amount of Nepali currency for the services you purchase. For this, you can take help from the travel company how much you need for your trip.
Altitude sickness is one of the major concerns while climbing higher in the mountains. It is said that people won’t get altitude sickness below 4000m however some people are seen being suffered from it. But this case is rare.
If you are going above 4000m high in the mountains, you really have to think about it and need to be prepared for it. If you are getting altitude sickness, you will have the symptoms of fever, diarrhea and vomiting. Once you have these symptoms in the higher elevation in the mountain, then, inform your guide immediately and stop going to higher elevation. You can walk down and take rest. If the problem deteriorates, you have to be rescued in no time. Your guide and your travel partner will arrange it for you and you should produce your authentic travel insurance at the time.
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A Brief History
We previously told you about the AC-130 Spectre, the highest evolution of the cargo plane converted to gunship, in use from Viet Nam through today. Here we look at ground attack aircraft throughout history and list what may be 10 of the greatest examples of that type of airplane. The order listed is roughly our idea of “best,” although that is quite subjective and open for debate. Please feel free to make the case for your favorite ground attack plane and the order you would list these fearsome aircraft. (Honorable mention to the Hawker Siddley, later McDonnel-Douglas, AV-8 Harrier.)
10. Douglas A-1 Skyraider, 1946.
Designed as a massive single engine carrier attack plane, this brute was too late for World War II, but saw extensive use during the Korean War and Vietnam War by both the US Navy and the US Air Force. Rugged and capable of carrying as many bombs as a B-17 (remember, 1 propeller driving engine!) the “Spad” (as it was affectionately called) had 4 X 20mm cannons and carried 8000 pounds of rockets and bombs. Despite its bulk (loaded weight of up to 25,000 pounds) the A-1 could zip along at over 300 mph. This rugged beast served America’s allies until 1985.
9. Messerschmitt Me-262 Sturmvogel (Warbird), 1944.
Although as a bomber killing interceptor this first operational jet fighter in the world would have been of critical use to Germany, Adolf Hitler foolishly demanded it be developed as a ground attack jet, delaying production and distribution. Still, the sleek jet was indeed a great ground attack plane with unprecedented speed, making it extremely difficult for Allied ground to air defenses to target the jet. With 4 X 30mm cannon, rockets and up to 2 X 500 kilogram bombs the Sturmvogel packed a tremendous punch for a small airplane. The fact that so few saw service in this role (only some 1400 odd were made and only a fraction of those saw combat) makes this plane considered here for its potential rather than its actual service. (Note: My uncle was in an M-4 Sherman tank attacked by an Me-262 and was stunned at the speed of the jet.)
8. Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, 1942.
Despite its chunky appearance (leading to a nickname of “Jug”) this was a high performance fighter and interceptor with a powerful suite of 8 X wing mounted .50 caliber machine guns. With its 2000 hp radial engine, the P-47 was the most rugged US fighter of World War II and could take tremendous punishment and continue to fly. Adapted for ground attack by adding rockets and bombs, the P-47 proved to be the most prolific tank killer in the US arsenal. Per Wikipedia, “from D-Day until VE day, Thunderbolt pilots claimed to have destroyed 86,000 railroad cars, 9,000 locomotives, 6,000 armored fighting vehicles, and 68,000 trucks.” No other Western Front attack aircraft comes anywhere near these numbers. Over 15,000 Jugs were built and were in service until 1966.
7. Hawker Typhoon, 1941.
Britain’s entry into this genre was designed as a high altitude interceptor, but found its true calling as a low altitude ground attack gem. Its original 12 X .303 caliber machine guns were replaced with hard hitting armor defeating 4 X 20 mm cannons and loads of rockets and 2 X 1000 pound bombs made this high performance fighter hell on ground and sea targets.
6. Douglas A-26 Invader, 1944.
Although this plane missed a large chunk of World War II, its performance was so terrific it has to be listed here. Capable of 355 mph and carrying 6000 pounds of bombs and rockets (could be overloaded with more than this), the A-26 had 8 X forward firing .50 caliber machine guns and could be equipped with another 8 for massive strafing effectiveness. It also boasted dorsal and ventral turrets with 2 X .50 caliber machine guns each for self defense. Incredibly, the A-26 did all this with a crew of only 3 men! So sound was the platform, A-26’s (later designated B-26, causing confusion with the WWII era B-26 Marauder) served until 1980 and saw combat during the Vietnam War.
5. Junkers Ju-87 Stuka, 1936.
Designed for the Luftwaffe as a dedicated ground support dive bomber, the Stuka was high tech when introduced, but by the 1940’s was almost obsolete due to lack of speed and poor self-defense. Nonetheless, this feared war bird was incredibly accurate with its precision bombing and was up gunned from only 2 X forward firing 7.92mm machine guns and 1 X rear facing self-defense 7.92mm machine gun to having 2 X 20mm cannons and a defensive twin 7.92 machine gun mount. Bomb load was increased from 1100 pounds to 4000 pounds, and the ability to carry rockets was added. Extra armor plate and more powerful engines were developed, and wing guns grew to 30mm cannons and finally 37mm cannons. (The latest versions were said to be inspiration for the A-10 Thunderbolt II.) Rugged and reliable, easy to service in rough conditions, the fixed landing gear could be jettisoned for belly landing if one of them had been shot off.
4. North American B-25 Mitchell, 1941.
Designed as a heavily armed medium bomber meant to carry medium sized bomb loads at medium altitude and relatively long range, the Mitchell was adapted for and used as a ground attack airplane of extraordinary magnitude. Modified for ground attack, the front glazing was replaced with a solid nose of 8 X .50 caliber machine guns clustered together, with another 2 X .50 calibers machine guns on each “cheek.” Combined with the top turret’s twin .50’s, this allowed as many as 14 forward firing .50 caliber machine guns at the same time, an incredible amount of firepower. Also carrying rockets and bombs, B-25 tactics were adapted for anti-ship use by skip bombing (kind of like skipping stones) which proved deadly. A version mounting a forward firing 75mm cannon was the most powerful airplane gun of World War II. Having 8 .50 caliber machine guns in addition to the forward firing guns gave this plane better self defense than any of the other planes listed here. The Mitchell served until 1979 (in Indonesia).
3. Lockheed AC-130 Spectre, 1966.
A giant turbojet cargo plane seems unlikely as a ground attack platform, but this fantastic airframe has proven capable of dropping the largest bombs the US has ever made (bombs too big even for a B-52!) and mounting an incredible array of guns, including the 105mm cannon, the largest gun ever mounted on an airplane. These planes have been updated and are still in use. The latest version, the AC-130W Stinger, is armed with a rapid fire 30mm cannon and a 105mm howitzer, forgoing the previous smaller caliber guns. It is also equipped to fire the Griffin or Viper Strike missiles from internal launch tubes, as well as Hellfire guided missiles and bombs from under-wing racks. (The earliest versions used 7.62mm and 20mm Gatling type rotary guns.)
2. Fairchild-Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II, 1977.
Designed as a Cold War tank buster to break up massive Soviet armored assaults, this twin jet purpose built ground attack plane was designed around its giant tank killing 30mm Gatling Gun that stitches through tanks like a sewing machine through cloth. Also capable of carrying a wide array of rockets and bombs (including “smart bombs” and guided missiles) this ungainly looking beast has a payload of 16,000 pounds. Another 1200 pounds of titanium armor protect the pilot and vital avionics. It is the toughest airplane ever built, capable of withstanding incredible firepower and damage and is the descendant of the P-47 Thunderbolt and the F-84 Thunderjet, both fighters adapted for ground attack. Not expected to stay in service this long, the A-10 (usually called the Warthog) is still flying.
1. Ilyushin IL-2 Sturmovik, 1941.
The fact that over 36,000 of these rugged machines were built is testament to how important and how effective they were. These heavily armored “flying tanks” could take a legendary amount of enemy fire and continue flying, dealing death and destruction to armored vehicles and other ground targets. Usually armed with 2 X 23mm cannons, 2 X 7.62mm machine guns, and a rear facing 12.7mm machine gun, the Sturmovik also carried bombs and rockets up to 600 kilograms. All that armor meant a top speed of only 257 mph and a ceiling of only 18,000 feet, but for attacking the ground those factors were not so important. This is without question the greatest of the single engine ground attack planes, and maybe the best overall. The Il-2 is the most produced warplane of all time.
Question for students (and subscribers): Which plane do you consider to be greatest ground attack aircraft? Please let us know in the comments section below this article.
Your readership is much appreciated!
For more information, please see…
Burns, David M. Spectre Gunner: The AC-130 Gunship. iUniverse, 2013.
Couvillon, Michael. Grenada Grinder: The Complete Story of AC – 130H Spectre Gunship Operation Urgent Fury. Deeds Publishing, 2010.
Fitzpatrick, Kevin J. Flying Gunship: The Ac-130 Spectre (High-Tech Military Weapons). Childrens Pr, 2000.
The featured image in this article, a photograph by U.S. Air Force photo/Senior Airman Julianne Showalter of an AC-130H gunship from the 16th Special Operations Squadron, Hurlburt Field, Florida, jettisoning flares as an infrared countermeasure during multi-gunship formation egress training on August 24, 2007, is a work of a U.S. Air Force Airman or employee, taken or made as part of that person’s official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, the image or file is in the public domain in the United States.
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It's college application season, and millions of high school seniors across the nation are coping with the stress of writing application essays, filling out scholarship and financial aid forms and worrying if they will be admitted to the school of their choice.
For some teens, these demands are added to the ongoing challenges of maintaining grades, keeping active in outside sports and activities, working for pay, and navigating relationships with friends, romantic partners, and family.
For generations, experts have called adolescence "a time of storm and stress," which leads many to believe that the experience of high stress levels during the teen years is normal or "just a stage" we all go through on the journey to adulthood.
There is however a dark side to this dismissive stereotype. If stress is seen as an inevitable part of adolescence, we are less likely to intervene to reduce teen stress or protect our youth from its negative impacts.
We need to take adolescent stress seriously. Decades of research has found stress to be connected to immediate and long-term effects, including substance use, conduct problems, increased risk for depression, and, most tragically, self-harm and suicide.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, approximately 11 percent of adolescents will suffer from major depressive disorder by age 18, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report suicide to be the third leading cause of death for youth between the ages of 10 and 24.
Adolescent stress affects more than emotions and behavior; it is linked with changes in stress hormones such as cortisol, and alterations in immune functioning. Once into adulthood, the effects continue. High stress experienced during adolescence is associated with worse mental and physical health in adulthood.
The good news is the most common stresses parents and teens encounter during the college application season is typically not the type of stress that research finds to be most noxious to adolescent health.
Stress that is social or interpersonal in nature has the greatest impact on stress hormones. This social type of stress most strongly predicts adolescent and young adult depression and has been most clearly linked to adult health outcomes.
Lack of emotional support from parents, exposure to conflict with parents or peers, the loss of a loved one, exposure to violence or abuse, and social rejection, isolation or loneliness -- these are the types of stressors that cause the adolescent body and brain to react the most strongly.
Not all adolescents are equally affected by stress. Genetic and personality risk factors make some adolescents more vulnerable than others to stress and its negative consequences.
However, all youth can benefit from measures that can help to reduce and contain stress. There is much to gain, and little to lose from taking measures to try to keep adolescent stress in check.
Getting regular (but not excessive) exercise, limiting caffeine, eliminating nicotine consumption, getting nine hours of sleep with sleep schedules as regular as possible, taking time out for safe, fun activities, and practicing meditation, yoga or other mindfulness-based techniques are all positive ways for teens to cope with stress.
Parents or guardians can play an important role also. Although teens may not always seem immediately receptive to parental efforts, expressions of warmth, support, and love from parents remain key stress-buffering measures throughout the adolescent years.
Talking with your adolescent about the sources of stress in their lives can also be a helpful step in identifying and helping to control their stress. Keeping expectations in check is another important strategy for both parents and teens.
Even as students eye the future and apply to colleges, hoping to stand out with high grade point averages, school activities, sports and other extracurricular activities, there is a limit to what any one teen can handle.
Stress reduction strategies may work well for typical stress levels, but for teens (or parents) experiencing extreme stress and showing symptoms of depression and anxiety, seeking professional medical help is an important, and potentially life-saving measure.
You should report immediate thoughts of suicide to a hospital emergency room or call 911 or the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline.
We need to engage in a broader conversation on how to protect our youth from exposure to stress, particularly the types of stressors that are most harmful for the body and brain.
In the meantime, helping adolescents get in the habit of practicing stress reduction measures will help to limit the negative consequences of stress no matter when the stress occurs.
Yes, college application season is stressful. But treating this and other serious forms of social stress will benefit the health of young people now and in the many seasons of life to follow.
Emma Adam is Professor of Human Development and Social Policy at the School of Education of Social Policy and Faculty Fellow at the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University and a Public Voices fellow through The OpEd Project.
Need help? In the U.S., call 1-800-273-8255 for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline.
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Have you got friends that like to take a refreshing (well more like freezing) dip in the ocean on Boxing Day? Or are you one of those people yourself? Well, you might be on to something: taking a dip in cold water may reduce the risk of disorders like diabetes and may cut body fat in men, according to a new review.
Cold-water bathing and swimming have become popular hobbies in recent years. This increase in popularity also comes with many anecdotal benefits from the people who partake in this pastime – including health benefits and increased libido.
In a recent paper, researchers investigated 104 studies that highlighted any effects of cold-water swimming. The team excluded studies where water temperatures were greater than 20°C (68°F), participants wore wet suits, or cold-water immersion was accidental. The studies that were included looked at a range of topics, such as the immune system, oxidative stress, adipose tissue, inflammation, and blood circulation.
Typically, during the initial cold water immersion, the human body will experience a triggered shock response, resulting in an elevated heart rate. There are conflicting views from different studies on the cardiovascular benefits, some suggested that people who partake in the hobby have reduced cardiovascular risk factors. While some studies indicate that the workload on the heart is still increased.
Studies found positive links between cold water swimming and brown adipose tissue – cold-activated "good" body fat that burns calories to maintain body temperature. This is different to the energy-storing white fat. Some studies revealed that exposure to the cold can increase adipose tissue production of adiponectin. This is a protein that helps protect against diabetes, insulin resistance, and other diseases. For experienced and inexperienced swimmers, taking a dip during winter can increase insulin sensitivity and decrease insulin concentration, the review found.
Overall, however, the review was found to be inconclusive on the overall health benefits. This is because the studies included often involved a very small number of participants, just one gender, a range of swimming experience, or used cold-water immersion in different ways (for example as a hobby or as a post-exercise treatment). There were also variables in terms of the water, such as the salt composition and the water temperature. The studies also didn’t identify if those who swam regularly were generally more naturally healthy than those who did not.
“From this review, it is clear that there is increasing scientific support that voluntary exposure to cold water may have some beneficial health effects,” Lead author James Mercer said in a statement.
“Many of the studies demonstrated significant effects of cold-water immersion on various physiological and biochemical parameters. But the question as to whether these are beneficial or not for health is difficult to assess.
“Based on the results from this review, many of the health benefits claimed from regular cold exposure may not be causal. Instead, they may be explained by other factors including an active lifestyle, trained stress handling, social interactions, as well as a positive mindset.
“Without further conclusive studies, the topic will continue to be a subject of debate.”
Please note, if you decide to go for a chilly dip this winter, you need to educate yourself beforehand on hypothermia and other issues that may occur from the shock of the cold.
The study is published in the International Journal of Circumpolar Health.
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Gravity surrounds us, penetrates us, and keeps the galaxy together. And under the right conditions, it even produces a stunning spectacle we call a gravitational lens.
The latest example of this phenomenon was a serendipitous discovery that took place not in an observatory but in a classroom. Japanese researchers from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan were running a summer school analyzing new data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) instrument on the Subaru Telescope in Hawaii with students.
The gravitational lens, dubbed Eye of Horus, is created by the near-perfect alignment of three galaxies. The central object is a massive foreground galaxy, whose gravity has bent the surrounding spacetime, magnifying and distorting the light of two more distant galaxies to create a so-called Einstein ring.
"It was my first time to look at the astronomical images taken with Hyper Suprime-Cam and I had no idea what the ring-like galaxy is," Arsha Dezuka, a student who was working on the data, said in a statement. "It was a great surprise for me to learn that it is such a rare, unique system!"
Gravitational lensing allows astronomers to look further back into the universe. In the Eye of Horus, the background galaxies are located 9 and 10.5 billion light-years away, and thanks to the magnification effect, the astronomers were able to identify two clumps in the most distant galaxy – an indication that it might have been caught in a galaxy collision.
A schematic diagram of the Eye of Horus. A galaxy 7 billion light-years from Earth bends the light from the two galaxies behind it at distances of 9 billion and 10.5 billion light-years. NAOJ
Gravitational lensing can also be used to understand how mass is distributed in the "closer" universe. By studying how light is bent, it is possible to work out how matter is distributed.
The Eye of Horus shows arcs and an Einstein ring, indicating a spherical distribution of matter and great alignment between the three galaxies. But it also shows a dent in it, suggesting that the foreground galaxy has a satellite that is too faint for us to see.
"When I was looking at HSC images with the students, we came across a ring-like galaxy and we immediately recognized it as a strong-lensing signature," said Masayuki Tanaka, the lead author of the paper published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. "The discovery would not have been possible without the large survey data to find such a rare object, as well as the deep, high-quality images to detect light from distant objects."
The survey with the HSC is only 30 percent complete – it will continue imaging the cosmos for several years to come. The team estimates roughly 10 more of these types of objects will be found by the end of the project, and they will provide important insight on how galaxies have changed and how the universe has expanded over the ages.
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Blood Testing in Bristol, VA
Lab blood work, otherwise known as a blood test, is an extremely effective diagnostic tool. Your blood carries nutrients and oxygen to the organs, and impurities are filtered out by the kidneys. By testing the levels of specific substances in your bloodstream, your doctor can diagnose a number of conditions.
If you would like to schedule a blood screening, please call (423) 482-8711 or contact Dr. Dalal Akoury online.
The Complete Blood Count (CBC) Test
Much as the name implies, the complete blood count test counts the amount of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and hematocrit in your blood stream. An irregular count in any of these cell types could indicate a number of conditions such as:
- Blood clots
- Blood cancers
- Immune system disorders
- Vitamin deficiency
Blood Chemistry Tests
Blood chemistry tests pinpoint abnormal levels of substances in the blood that could indicate a dysfunction in one of your organs. Some of these organs include:
Doctors will test for abnormal levels of glucose (blood sugar) which could identify the onset of diabetes . Enzyme levels are used to monitor the health of your liver, and kidney function is tested by monitoring how many waste substances are in your blood.
Tests for Diagnosing or Monitoring Heart Disease
Some blood tests are performed for the specific purpose of diagnosing chronic heart conditions. One of these tests is known as the blood enzyme test. Blood enzyme tests monitor your levels of the enzyme creatine and the protein troponin. An elevated level of either of these substances could indicate damaged cells in the heart or other organs.
Another test done to prevent heart disease is a cholesterol test, otherwise known as a lipid test or lipoprotein panel. A lipid test is looking for four different things:
- Total cholesterol
- LDL ("bad") cholesterol
- HDL ("good") cholesterol
An overabundance of “bad cholesterol”, or low levels “good cholesterol”, could eventually lead to heart disease.
Other Common Blood Tests
There are numerous types of blood tests that check for a range of conditions, but here a few of the most common:
- Blood clotting tests: If you are taking a blood-thinning medication (anticoagulant), your doctor may recommend periodic testing to monitor your blood's ability to clot.
- Blood culture: This is done to seek out infections, and is usually done when you are experiencing a high fever or chills.
- Lead test: This is a very import test for children two and under. Ingesting or breathing in lead paint dust could affect brain development in small children leading to learning disabilities and behavioral problems.
Schedule Your Blood Screening
Routine blood tests are essential to maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and are recommended even if you are not feeling ill. Identifying heart disease or other ailments early can lead to more effective treatment. To schedule your blood screening, please call (423) 482-8711 or contact Dr. Dalal Akoury online.
AWAREmed Health and Wellness Resource Center
Address1604 Lamons Lane
Johnson City, TN 37604
9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Tue: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Wed: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Thu: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Fri: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
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PSY 211 Research Design Worksheet Complete each section of this worksheet. You will use this worksheet to inform the Research Design section of your final project submission. Citation of Literature Parfitt, Y., Pike, A., & Ayers, S. (2014). Infant Developmental Outcomes: A Family Systems Perspective. Infant & Child Development, 23(4), 353-373. doi:10.1002/
In his book titled The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog, Bruce Perry, a child psychologist, explores the impact of stress and violence on children's physical and mental development in their early years. Through several case studies, Dr. Perry sheds light on the traumatic experiences that children may face from birth to adolescence and offers methods to approach trauma patients and redefine the path to recovery from PTSD. This book provides a glimpse into the harsh realities that children worldwide face every day, including violence, neglect, abuse, and malnutrition. Reading Dr. Perry's accounts has taught me a great deal about the crucial needs of developing infants, toddlers, and children. For instance, physical touch is essential for a baby's
Moreover, anger and disappointment are also effects seen in children. Children usually get into this attitude because of discomfort. Mostly the children don’t want their parents to leave them behind because they are the primary caregivers of them. The child's internal feelings get hurt and get disappointed after that. The reason behind this anger and disappointment is because their parents are leaving them behind.
Best of the Worst Parenting is never perfect. Every parents questions whether they are raising their child correctly, and no parent ever feels like they are doing the right thing. With no clear distinction between good and bad parenting, it is usually left to personal preferences and judgements to decide which parents have adequately raised their children and which have failed. When a parent so call “fails,” often it is the children with their strong will and determination to survive that collectively raise themselves. In Jesmyn Ward’s Sing, Unburied, Sing, Leonie, one of the narrators and the mother of another narrator, Jojo, is not the most caring, hands-on mother, but is loving of her children nevertheless.
A scientific research illuminates that quite a number of left-behind children desire their parents’ love and care and wish to communicate with parents. Some are discriminated by others and feel lonely, pessimistic. The rate of those who have psychological problems is up to sixty percent. Without parents company, many kids cannot communicate with others properly and they cannot guard against dangers from the society such as drowning and traffic accident because they barely know anything about the laws and basic human rights and how to protect themselves when they are tangled into a crime or danger. They start to have a deep hostility to the society.
It focuses on the death from abuse and neglect of nearly 68% of children 4 years old and younger. The consequences of child maltreatment can be severely damaging to a child and can result in poor health, depression, cancer, premature death, and substance abuse into adulthood. It talks about the different type of abuse and neglect whether physical, medical, educational, emotional and sexual. Abandonment is the most common type of commitment in contradiction of children. It also focuses on the solutions and outcomes of helping new parents gain knowledge of basic parenting skills by matching new families with trained nurses or
In both Kaye Gibbon’s Ellen Foster and Jeannette Walls's The Glass Castle the protagonists have to endure life growing up with minimal support from their parents or guardians. Both explore the difficulties they have to face growing up alone and how they overcome it. Child neglect forces children to learn and do things themselves. This level of independence at such a young age causes them to become more responsible than their peers and gives them determination to be different from their parents and learn from their own and their parents mistakes. When parents are absent from a majority of the childs life means that the child needs to provide their basic needs for him or herself.
Most children cannot use their use their toys to murder their parents, yet the Hadley children are a rare exception. “The Veldt” by Ray Bradbury is the story of George and Lydia, who spoil their two children, Peter and Wendy by purchasing them an expensive virtual reality nursery that bends to the whims of whatever the children are thinking. The children then rebel, and use lions they conjured in their nursery to kill their parents. “The Veldt” sends a message through the incompetency of George and Lydia as parents. Bradbury warns that poor parenting could lead to dangerously entitled children.
Studies also show that children who have gone through divorce are more likely to get lower grades and are considered less pleasant to be around by their peers and teens who live in a single parent or blended home are three times more likely to need psychological help within a year. These choices are already made for the children and they have
According to Sophie Bloom, M.S.L.Ac, by voicing their concerns and their attitudes towards things in the world, parents greatly influence their child and their child’s development. Therefore having a present and positive parental figure while growing up is extremely important for a child or a creature's development. The lack of affection and/or abandonment of a child can also cause severe consequences later in the child's life. According to Judith E. Carroll, Tara L. Gruenewald , Shelley E. Taylor, Denise Janicki-Deverts , Karen A. Matthews, and Teresa E. Seeman “The most toxic childhood stressors are those that occur in the absence of emotional support from a caregiver.” The lack of a parental figure and the absence of emotional support can greatly affect a child's life it can be considered one of the most harmful occurrences in a child's life.
In what ways do Mexican Americans and Asian Americans share similar parenting challenges? One of the biggest dilemmas that they face is the redirection of familistic living. Asian and Mexican Americans have traditionally lived in homes with generational members all under one roof. Family members did not live in separate homes neither did they practice “living the nest” manners as native Americans do. Children are encouraged to live at home until they found a spouse and were ready to marry.
Children look to their parent’s guidance and development. Parents are the first example and if the family environment is not healthy, the children could be subjected to a lacking strong physical development. “Effective parenting skills are fundamental to child development” (The Chief Public Health Officer 's Report, 2008). Children learn from their environment, if a child’s parent is not in the picture, children will learn from what surrounds them. For example, Genie did not speak because she was never spoken to as a child.
American novelist and poet Ernest Hemingway’s social commentary about parental pressures leading to mental illnesses, is an issue impacting youth today which demands our attention and greater community awareness. His illustrious poem Advice to a Son will be analysed, resulting in a comparison of other sources from pop culture which similarly complement and explore this confronting youth issue. The poem essentially highlights the influence and strain parents have on their children to reach unattainable expectations, sometimes leading to the diagnosis of a mental illness. Advice to a Son is about the dangers of parental demands, rather than ongoing encouragement. Hemingway could not have known the extent to which this topic would become in youth today.
Chapter 4 How Divorce Effects the Child, Family In this book, our purpose is to make the world a most habitable place for the children- the future leaders of this world. We must be able to temper heated emotion with a not so heated temper. We must be able to walk away from volatile situations to prevent crisis. Divorce on children is absolutely dreadful.
Social and physical environments in the home and the social environment in the classroom impact early childhood development. This paper discusses: the impact of the social environment in the home on early childhood development; the possible negative impact of the physical environment on a preschool child in a Guyanese home; and the impact of a positive social environment in the early childhood classroom. Early childhood development is“a set of concepts, principles, and facts that explain, describe and account for the processes involved in change from immature to mature status and functioning.” (Katz, 1996, p. 7) The physical environment refers to; the nature of the physical home surroundings including its cleanliness; the safety of the home and the security which the home offers.
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Translated by Lance Ackerfeld
The town of Bedzin, which was populated mainly by Jews, in the 19th century expanded its old borders and annexed the settlements of Malobadz, Warpie and Gzichów into it. However Gzichów was a matter all by itself, since it had existed for a long time as a village and estate located on the banks of Przemsza and Bogria Rivers, and finally was swallowed up by Bedzin that immortalized it by the original naming of Gzichówa Street. This street remained populated by Christian Poles. And the Jews of Bedzin served as a target of anti-Semitic pressures even after Bedzin had become entirely a Jewish town and a Jewish mayor as a result of this.
Even during the Russian occupation in the 19th century Gzichów was an independent community, with the congregational office located there, and in the 1860's it numbered 87 homes, 665 residents, and it was comprised of six settlements: Gzichów, Malobadz, Ostrogórka (even before Sosnowiec existed), Pogonia, Pola and the Sosnowiec village. Two tin mines were founded in this vicinity, in Pogon in 1842 and in Bromani in 1860. There was also a tin-flint mine, coal and lime, apart from an American flour mill and a brandy and beer factory. The Przemsza River gave power to the threshing and hay chopping machines.
The Gzichów properties in the Swierz Princedom before 1678 belonged to
Jan Miroszewski, the Swierz district minister. With the passing of time there
was also a transfer of the owners of these estates, till in the end they were
passed on to the Kramasti family. When the First World War erupted the Russian
authorities abandoned Poland and the German occupation began bringing changes
into the Zaglembian region, as well, and according to the town's ability to
absorb population, neighborhoods and villages were added to the Zaglembian
towns. Even Gzichów became one of the streets of Bedzin. In
Gzichówski Street the Jews also rented apartments from the Christians
and felt themselves as part of a town with a majority of Jews, with a certain
amount of freedom. However this isn't how the Polish Christians felt who were
unable to rid themselves of the anti-Semitic disease, and it seems behaved
under the training of religious and spiritual leaders. The attacks on the Jews
of Gzichów reached a peak in the spring and summer months of 5694
(1934). Acts of hooliganism by the Polish Christians in Gzichów began in
the evening hours. Almost every evening there were attacks on Jewish residents
in this street, and the local police didn't place a guard in the street to
maintain order. Thanks to this neglect, and perhaps because of the lack of
protecting against the evil endangering the lives of the Jews in the street,
the disturbances against the peace abiding Jews spread amongst the Nazi
followers, and in the offices of the kehila [Jewish community] the names of the
injured Jews was recorded, like: Jecheskiel Szwarcbaum, Abram Sztajnbok, Mosze
Erlich, Lajb Kuperberg and others.
Apart from this a larger group of Jewish residents approached the Jewish kehila with a memorandum, demanding that the administration of the kehila inform the appropriate authorities about the anti-Jewish disturbances occurring frequently.
In the pages of the Zaglembie Zeitung newspaper one could read about the disturbances of this kind almost every day. Even the Seleks appointed to the daily layout of the newspaper found it appropriate to react in a special article on these disturbances. And according to his words: A number of times we have announced in our newspaper about the attacks being carried out by anti-Semites on the Jews in Gzichów Street on its peaceful Jewish residents. We allocated this a place in order to bring the attention of the authorities that they should find methods to put an end to these disturbances. And to our regret we must point out that the number of disturbances has grown and spread, and even taken on a graver and more dangerous character. Up until now there are wounded and injured also in hospitals and in private centers. It seems that the Hitlerian hooligans are displaying signs of progressing in their deeds and boast that their actions have been successful. The injured have been coming to the kehila office and the newspaper editorial office and pouring out their hearts and requesting to expedite assistance to their affairs. They were frightened to leave their homes and they can't deal with their normal work, since in the evenings they can't return to their homes for fear of disturbances and attacks on Jews that don't desist. Indeed we have come to an intolerable situation that the hooligans carry out their deeds in the same corner of the street and only because of the fact that those going along the street are Jewish. And at the time of writing these disgraceful words the louts have turned the disturbances into a daily event and there is almost no news without an item on beatings and attacks. The local residents tend, without choice, to accept this situation. However we should not relate apathetically to these anti-Semitic acts of evil, and a response should be made by all appropriate means. Otherwise there is a fear that this issue will achieve frightening manifestations, and then there will be a need to respond differently, in a way that won't be as easy as it is now.
Whilst writing these lines our representatives have not yet carried out all the steps. It is possible that until our newspaper is published it will already be after initial steps. For all that, we find it appropriate to bring to the attention of our representatives in our kehila and also our public activists, that they should not be apathetic to this question. Since anti-Semitism is growing and taking on more frightening manifestations, and we have the obligation to repel the arrows hitting our camp, whether they are being thrown by well organized anti-Semites, or whether they are being used for some an unknown purpose by others. We know that there are various obscure people that don't know what they want and are only carry out what they're told their dispatchers to do: they are told to beat and punch and given them the opportunity, they obey, otherwise they aren't accepted into the gang. Regarding our representatives, its possible that they have already begun to react on this matter, and its possible that their efforts will be met with success, but whatever happens they need to stand guard and make sure that these deeds will not take on a severer aspects. We believe that the communal powers and also the police will give assistance to those who take an interest in the unwanted disturbances, and even will take pains with a goal of avoiding that the same corner will take an abnormal situation only because the underworld people, the hooligans, would like to cause mischief and cause serious disturbances.
Hence, there is an obligation to keep our eyes open, without making a great fuss to go peacefully and fully conscientiously, to get rid of the local mischief which has a clear goal at the auspices of the hooligan gangs in Gzichów of persecuting the quiet Jewish residents. This problem needs to be taken care of by those who know how to react to these evil anti-Semitic deeds.
The name Gzichów meant horror for the Jews of Bedzin, who on one hand achieved a Jewish major and their own various institutions, and on the other hand were forced to suffer from Polish hooliganism that was influenced by the neighboring German Nazis, and the Polish authorities turned a blind eye as if the issue wasn't part of their field of responsibilities. Efforts carried out by the authorities were not aggressive enough, and the acts of hooliganism were not quelled by them. In the meantime the attacks against the Jews of the street continued. In the newspapers there were items about stones being thrown through the windows of the Jewish homes of Futerman and Martin that continued on for days and nights. The second of which only returned home several days before from hospital in which he lay for several weeks because of injuries endured by the hooligans of Gzichów.
With the strengthening of acts by the German Nazis themselves and in
neighboring Silesia there were Poles and Germans involved, attacks by Polish
hooligans intensified in Poland as well, in the Jewish settlements, however the
Jews in the Zaglembian region were more susceptible, and Gzichów served
as a symbol of hooliganism.
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
Our mission is to produce a translation of the original work and we cannot verify the accuracy of statements or alter facts cited.
Sosnowiec, Poland Yizkor Book Project JewishGen Home Page
Copyright © 1999-2023 by JewishGen, Inc.
Updated 30 Jun 2007 by OR
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Goal 3 R&D ProjectsNew Life Spheres Opened up by AI Robots
Project manager (PM)UENO MunetakaSenior researcher, Space Exploration Innovation Hub Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Summary of the project
The goal of manned space exploration is to challenge the limits of extreme environments such as the Moon and Mars, enabling not only humanity but all forms of life to establish independent habitats beyond Earth's dependence. This project aims to develop and utilize AI robot technology to build a base system with smart technology and behavior modification techniques, advancing research and development towards the realization of a long-term viable habitat for humanity by 2050.
In addition, developed technologies can be applicable to the earth such as natural disasters and etc.
Milestone by year 2030
Develop a smart residential system equipped with AI robot technology that can sustain human life. Install and utilize this system in various Earth environments such as disaster-stricken areas and outdoor settings, contributing to the resolution of societal issues. Additionally, achieve a high level of completion for a system that can be integrated into international manned exploration plans, including lunar base activities.
Milestone by year 2025
Develop an initial version of a smart residential system equipped with AI robot technology that can sustain human life. Through experiments in demonstration fields, demonstrate the applicability of the system to future lunar base activities.
Outline of R&D
R&D theme structure of the project
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo University of Science, Doshisha University, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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Britain’s Houses of Parliament on the Thames riverbank are iconic, but a casual visitor to a drab committee room inside 25 years ago might have been excused for missing the historical significance of the case that was unfolding there. Chile’s former president, Augusto Pinochet, had been arrested in London on the night of Oct. 16, 1998, on a warrant from a Spanish judge, Baltasar Garzón, for crimes allegedly committed in Chile decades earlier. Pinochet challenged his arrest before the British courts and the case quickly came before the Appellate Committee of the U.K. House of Lords. When the Law Lords allowed some human rights groups to intervene, I participated in the hearings as they decided Pinochet’s fate during five weeks in 1998 and 1999.
Although the small room was packed with Chilean exiles and (at least in the beginning) reporters, there was little electricity. The Law Lords in business suits sat, unelevated, before tables arranged in a semi-circle in front of the robed and wigged barristers. Around the room, cartons of legal materials were piled high on chairs and tables. Most of the audience couldn’t even see their Lordships, much less understand their endless questioning about the finer points of British statutes and international conventions.
The author, Reed Brody, outside the Pinochet hearings in the late 1990s in London, England. (Photo courtesy Reed Brody)
Yet human rights law came of age in that room, just months after the creation in Rome of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Lofty proclamations like the Nuremberg principles and the United Nations Convention against Torture were being applied in a criminal case for the first time, against a man whose sneering face symbolized ruthless dictatorship. Indeed, Pinochet’s repressive tactics 25 years earlier had set in motion the very human rights activism that would lead to those hearings.
When the House of Lords, in their first ruling (upheld months later by a second panel), held that Pinochet did not enjoy immunity from arrest and extradition to Spain despite his status as a former head of state. I described it as a “wake-up call to tyrants around the world,” but what it really proved to be was an inspiration to victims and activists, particularly in Latin America, to challenge the transitional arrangements of the 1980s and 1990s that allowed the perpetrators of atrocities to go unpunished and, often, to remain in power.
For me, personally, it was a turning point. As a human rights lawyer, I was used to being morally and legally right, but losing in court. With the Pinochet ruling, we saw that we could use “universal jurisdiction” — the principle which allows countries to prosecute the most serious crimes no matter where they were committed, and regardless of the nationality of the suspects or their victims — as a tool to bring to book those who seemed out of the reach of justice. At Human Rights Watch, where I then worked, we were soon after besieged with entreaties from the victims of other dictatorial regimes to apply the “Pinochet precedent” to their own tormentors who had fled abroad.
Together with groups like Amnesty International, we had meetings on who could be the “next Pinochet.” We knew it would not be easy. The Pinochet case would never have happened had Margaret Thatcher still been in power in the U.K., instead of Tony Blair, or had there not been such widespread support in Spain for the prosecution of a despised general, support that protected Judge Garzón each time the conservative government there tried to interfere with his arrest warrant.
Several attempts in which I was involved in the first year after the Pinochet rulings showed just how difficult it would be to use universal jurisdiction against abusive leaders:
- In August 1999, when Izzat Ibrahim al-Duri, a top aide to Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and an architect of the “Anfal” genocide against the Kurds, visited Vienna to receive medical treatment, a local city councilman filed a criminal complaint against him. Less than 48 hours later, however, the Austrian government let him leave the country.
- In November 1999, the former tyrant of Ethiopia, Mengistu Haile Mariam, who was on a wanted list at home on charges of genocide and crimes against humanity, visited South Africa to receive medical treatment. Despite petitions for his arrest, he was allowed to return to exile in Zimbabwe, where the government has sheltered him since his fall.
- When I was contacted by South Asians whom Idi Amin had expelled from Uganda, I met a Saudi ambassador in 1999 to ask about Amin’s possible extradition. The ambassador explained that “Bedouin hospitality” meant that once someone was welcomed as a guest in your tent, you could not turn him out.
- In March 2000, Ricardo Anderson Kohatsu, a Peruvian intelligence officer accused of vicious torture, was sent to testify to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights in Washington, D.C. After NGOs presented evidence against him, U.S. law enforcement officials detained him, but Bill Clinton’s State Department intervened to free Kohatsu on questionable immunity grounds.
One important universal jurisdiction case that did advance, of course, was the prosecution of the former Chadian dictator Hissène Habré, which was brought to us by Chadian activist Delphine Djiraibe. Inspired by the Pinochet case, she asked us to pursue Habré in his Senegalese exile. “Why not in Africa?” she asked me. It would take us 17 years of twists and turns, of tenacity and perseverance, but in 2016, Habré became the first, and still the only, former head of state prosecuted and convicted under universal jurisdiction, in his case for war crimes, torture, and crimes against humanity including sexual violence. He served the rest of his life in prison until he died in 2021 while out on medical treatment. And just as the Pinochet case inspired Chadians, the Habré case inspired Gambians who are seeking to bring to justice their exiled president, Yahya Jammeh, for crimes against humanity.
There was a backlash, however, when universal jurisdiction laws were used against still-powerful actors. Indeed, the two broadest laws were simply repealed. After cases were filed in Belgium against U.S. officials, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld came to Brussels and threatened that if the law were not repealed, the United States might support relocating NATO headquarters. Spain’s law — the one used to pursue Pinochet — didn’t last a lot longer, under similar pressure from China and Israel as well as the United States. Baltasar Garzón, the judge who had ordered Pinochet’s arrest, became a target for the United States, which pressed for his removal after he began investigating U.S. officials for mistreating Spanish nationals at Guantanamo Bay. Germany, whose aggressive use of universal jurisdiction has now led to landmark prosecutions of Syrian torturers, twice refused to move on complaints against Bush administration officials for alleged “war on terror” crimes against Muslim detainees, just as France also refused.
After the euphoria and the backlash, we entered what my NGO colleague Philip Grant calls universal jurisdiction 3.0, in which the practice, at least against “low-cost defendants,” became more routine. In 2022, there were 23 such convictions, with some 169 suspects currently being investigated abroad for alleged crimes in places like Syria, Myanmar, Liberia, Iraq, and Rwanda. These cases have been propelled in part by NGO activism, as in the Habré case, especially strategic litigation by specialized NGOs like Grant’s TRIAL International, which has generated cases in Switzerland against officials from Algeria, Belarus, Gambia, and Guatemala; Civitas Maxima, which has backed Liberian war crimes cases around the world; the Commission for International Justice and Accountability, which has collected evidence on Syrian crimes; the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH); the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR); the Clooney Foundation for Justice; and many others. (When victims and their allies get the cases before a court, gather the evidence, and have formal standing as parties, the trials are also more likely to live up to their and the public’s expectations.)
Equally important has been the creation in more than 15 European countries of specialized “war crimes units” of police officers, prosecutors, and even judges, some of which have opened “structural investigations” into country situations like Syria, and their coordination in the European Union-wide Genocide Network. The establishment of three United Nations-backed international investigative mechanisms also has built files on war crimes committed in Myanmar, in Syria, and by ISIL and fed them to national prosecutors, often acting under universal jurisdiction. Russia’s naked aggression against Ukraine, followed by a stream of brazen war crimes, has given further impetus to the development of universal jurisdiction cases and laws, including the recent U.S. expansion of its jurisdiction to prosecute war crimes.
The push for universal jurisdiction prosecutions also reflects a disappointment in the ICC’s record. In 21 years, ICC prosecutors have never sustained the atrocity conviction of any state official at any level anywhere in the world. Their biggest cases have come to naught because of faulty preparation, a failure to capture suspects, and outright sabotage by targeted officials. The only defendants the ICC has convicted of international crimes are five African rebels.
Strengthening the Tool
So, what is the future of universal jurisdiction as a true tool in fighting impunity? In my view, it depends on overcoming double standards. One step would be the creation of a Standing Independent Investigative Mechanism (SIIM), as advocated by former U.S. war crimes Ambassador Stephen Rapp and by the International Commission of Jurists, to build prosecution files for the worst country situations. If referrals to the SIIM could be made by independent experts, the mechanism could be triggered without regard to political considerations.
Another step to strengthen universal jurisdiction would be allowing victims a greater role in initiating cases, as is generally permitted under the civil law system, but which has been severely limited in the context of universal jurisdiction to allow European governments to “filter” out politically sensitive cases — the Belgium and Spain experiences are particular cases in point, but far from the only ones. A third step would be to promote universal jurisdiction cases in the global south through the same kind of cooperation provided within Europe by the Genocide Network. With the exception of the Habré case in Senegal and investigations in Argentina relating to Myanmar, Nicaragua, and Spain, almost all universal jurisdiction cases have been situated within European courts.
An exciting development is a trial now underway in Stockholm of two Swiss former executives of a Swedish oil company. In a case spurred by a devastating NGO report, they are charged with complicity in war crimes committed more than 20 years ago by the Sudanese army and allied militias in what is now South Sudan. The use of universal jurisdiction to hold corporate officials criminally accountable has the potential to shake things up.
Twenty-five years later, the “Pinochet precedent” remains an inspiration to victims and activists. The final frontier would be applying that precedent to hold accountable powerful western actors, not just ”enemies and outcasts.”
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There’s no denying that Kent has a deep and fascinating history, much of which you can explore just by simply walking around your local area or by paying a trip to any of our county’s amazing museums. However, some parts of our history are a little harder to reach, particularly when they sit on islands out at sea, totally devoid of any human population.
A number of truly curious islands and offshore locations surround Kent, the existence of which many of our county’s residents may be totally oblivious to. From the spooky history that sits buried on Deadman’s Island to the mysterious looking forts in the River Medway, Kent has no shortage of interesting lost islands.
While some may boast deep historical ties, others are simply long stretches of land that have remained uninhabited, but are intriguing nonetheless. If you were to somehow visit any one of these islands, you can be sure you'll not find a soul alive on any of them.
Here are all of the lost islands that sit around Kent and the stories of how they came to be uninhabited.
Perhaps one of the more well known of Kent’s lost islands, Burntwick Island sits abandoned in the estuary of the River Medway. This raised area of marshland stretches around two kilometres in length and one kilometre in width.
Burntwick Island was in-fact part of the mainland up until the 18th century, where it formed the most northerly area of Upchurch. The island is said to have been used as a quarantine base for ships infected by diseases come the early 19th century, with those who died being buried on the nearby Deadman's Island.
The island is also etched into history due to an incident in 1845, when the crew onboard naval ship HMS Eclair contracted yellow fever and a surgeon from another ship, the HMS Rolla, was sent to assist. But the ship was ordered to moor at Stangate Creek in order to avoid spreading the disease and the surgeon also caught yellow fever, dying at the age of 27 and then buried on Burntwick Island.
It is said that you can still see his gravestone on the island, peeking out over the marsh grassland. Remains of a small house can also still be seen on the island that once belonged to a shepherd.
In more recent times, the island became the property of the Ministry of Defence, with a battery being built there as well as a torpedo school and barracks during the Second World War. Now, the island is often fully submerged by the tide and has evolved to be a safe haven for birds.
As mentioned, Deadman’s Island sits very close to Burntwick Island and formerly served as a burial ground for convicts who died aboard prison ships. You wouldn't know from a distance that this forgotten island opposite Queenborough in Sheppey had such a grisly history.
But step a little closer and you'll see it is littered with human remains. The island is actually out of bounds to the public due to its environmental importance for nesting birds but recent investigations made some grim discoveries.
Last year, a change in sea levels caused the bodies of the 'prison hulk' boats from 200 years ago just off Sheppey to be uncovered. The shift saw wooden coffins, aged skulls and fragments of bones stick out from the six feet of mud that once blanketed the area.
Typically the island is totally out of bounds to the public to explore. However, in 2017 the island was explored by the BBC 's Inside Out South East programme. Director Sam Supple previously told the Sun : “It is like being on the set of a horror film. It looks so surreal, it’s like an art department has designed it. There are open coffins and bones everywhere.”
It's not just visitors that are prohibited, no-one lives on the island and so it remains untouched by modern civilisation which has in turn spurred ghostly folklore about it. Locals have warned travellers of hounds with glaring-red eyes that ate the heads of buried bodies.
You can read more about the remains that were uncovered on Deadman’s Island here.
Fort Hoo and Fort Darnet
These incredible twin forts both sit along the River Medway and have an incredible story behind them. The 19th century forts of Hoo and Dartnet can be seen on two lone embankments in the choppy river
Built in 1872 to counter the threat of invasion from France, they have long since been abandoned and indeed never saw any military action. As opposed to building new defences on the side of the river, it was decided at the time that these two forts would be placed on the existing embankment islands that scatter the Medway.
There were problems with the subsistence of the ground throughout the build which led the two projects to overrun and over cost. When they were eventually finished in 1872, they were fitted with a variety of guns making the channel between them a death trap for potential foreign invaders.
Of course, the war with France never came and so the forts never saw battle. By the time the First World War rolled round in 1914, the forts had been disarmed and left as floating skeletons.
They still had a small part to play in the defence of the country during the Second World War however, serving as observation posts fit with platforms and pill boxes. Throughout the conflict, they played a vital role in keeping the German Lufftwaffe at bay, particularly during The Battle of Britain.
The Medway marshes and saltings
Within the River Medway, there are a number of islands, marshes and saltings that sit uninhibited. While these are typically smaller than the previously mentioned islands, these stretches of uninhabited land are still an interesting sight to take in.
These include Bishop Saltlings, Bishop Ness, Hoo Salt Marsh, Nor Marsh, Gillingham Marshes, Oakham Marsh, Sharfleet Saltings, Slayhills Saltings, Milford Hope Saltings and Greenborough Marshes.
The Swale Islands
Once again, these might not quite boast the same history as an island literally bursting with human remains, but are nonetheless fascinating features to spot off of the Kent shore. One of the largest islands off of the Swale shore is Horse Sands Mudflat Island which sits in between Faversham and the Isle of Sheppey.
These islands once again primarily consist of marshland, that while offer a great and biodiverse environment for wildlife, hold no human population.
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According to Science Magazine, scientists think they may finally have an answer for why our feline friends have a tendency to gobble up grass, only to regurgitate it again shortly after.
More than 1,000 cat owners were surveyed, all of whom spent at least 3 hours a day observing their pet. As you may have suspected, eating plants and greenery was revealed to be a common occurrence, with only 11% of owners failing to notice their cat doing it.
It’s a common belief that cats eat grass precisely because it makes them throw up, but the study mentioned above revealed that only a quarter of greenery-gobbling cats were actually sick afterwards. Also, 91% of the owners surveyed revealed that their cats didn’t display any symptoms associated with being unwell before they went on to ingest plants.
So why exactly do they do it?
The prevalent theory is that cats, just like many other wild animals including chimps, ingest grass because it – at one time, at least – helps to get rid of intestinal parasites. It does this by increasing the muscle activity in their intestinal tract.
Although the parasite in question is no longer a threat to our feline friends, it seems to be the case that cats picked up this strategy from a distant ancestor and that’s it’s simply innate behaviour.
Read more by visiting the Science Magazine website.
Concerned about your cat?
If you’ve noticed that your cat is vomiting excessively, it may be worth bringing them in to see us. If you have any concerns, don’t hesitate to give us a call.
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Dilations make a shape bigger or smaller. A scale factor tells us how much to multiply by the side lengths to change the size. The scale factor is the ratio of the side length in the new shape (image) to the side length in the corresponding side in the original shape (pre-image). Each pair of corresponding sides has the same factor.
Want to join the conversation?
- The only dilations happening is my will to live🤏(42 votes)
- How do you find the scale factor without the origin at zero?(28 votes)
- Dont need to, as for example two and example three, they didnt give any origin so Khan said that we dont even need to draw it since they didnt give enough information; that is the origin.
The video explains how to find the scale factor of a dilation, and how to find the afterimage of a figure that went into a dilation (without the figure being drawn), and how to find the pre-image of a figure that went into a dilation (without the figure being drawn).
Hope this made sense.(24 votes)
- At1:04, why can't the scale factor be 3, not 1/3? Is there a specific rule where it is either a smaller scale or larger? Thanks so much for the help!(23 votes)
- Figures are defined by pre-image and image, so the image would be the dilation while the pre-image is the original figure. So with the preimage being larger, the dilation has to be a fraction less than 1. IF you considered the small pentagon to be the preimage which would be a different question, then the image gets bigger and the scale factor would be 3.(22 votes)
- whats the opposite of a dilation(6 votes)
- i lowkey still dont get it(8 votes)
- Anyone else feel like you’re the only one using this website?(11 votes)
- i feel like no one uses this anymore because of how old the comments are(4 votes)
- At0:40how do I know what to find the scale factor of? If it's big shape to small shape or small shape to big shape?(6 votes)
- Great question!
The shape that is labeled prime (with an apostrophe
'near each letter) is the image (changed form) of the original shape. Therefore, if the big shape is labeled, say,
A'B'C'D', you'll know that the dilation transformed the small shape to the big shape, and vice-versa.
Get it? Got it? Good.
- littlemissdeena(6 votes)
- any other easy way to slove it?(5 votes)
- at2:59isn't 2 * 5 10 not 5? Im sorry if this is a stupid question but im really confused(5 votes)
- [Instructor] We are told that pentagon A'B'C'D'E', which is in red right over here, is the image of pentagon ABCDE under a dilation. So that's ABCDE. What is the scale factor of the dilation? So they don't even tell us the center of the dilation, but in order to figure out the scale factor you just have to realize when you do a dilation, the distance between corresponding points will change according to the scale factor. So for example we could look at the distance between point A and point B right over here. What is our change in y? Our change in, or even what is our distance? Our change in y is our distance because we don't have a change in x. Well this is one, two, three, four, five, six. So this length right over here is equal to six. Now what about the corresponding side from A' to B'? Well this length right over here is equal to two, and so you can see we went from having a length of six to a length of two, so you would have to multiply by 1/3. So our scale factor right over here is 1/3. Now you might be saying okay that was pretty straightforward because we had a very clear, you could just see the distance between A and B. How would you do it if you didn't have a vertical or a horizontal line? Well one way to think about it is, the changes in y and the changes in x would scale accordingly. So if you looked at the distance between point A and point E, our change in y is negative three right over here, and our change in x is positive three right over here. And you can see over here between A' and E', our change in y is negative one, which is 1/3 of negative three, and our change in x is one, which is 1/3 of three. So once again you see our scale factor being 1/3. Let's do another example. So we are told that pentagon A'B'C'D'E' is the image, and they don't, they haven't drawn that here, is the image of pentagon ABCDE under a dilation with a scale factor of 5/2. So they're giving us our scale factor. What is the length of segment A'E'? So as I was mentioning while I read it, they didn't actually draw this one out. So how do we figure out the length of a segment? Well I encourage you to pause the video and try to think about it. Well they give us the scale factor, and so what it tells us, the scale factor is 5/2. That means that the corresponding lengths will change by a factor of 5/2. So to figure out the length of segment A'E', this is going to be, you could think of it as the image of segment AE. And so you can see that the length of AE is equal to two. And so the length of A'E' is going to be equal to AE which is two times the scale factor, times 5/2, this is our scale factor right over here. And of course what's two times 5/2? Well it is going to be equal to five, five of these units right over here. So in this case we didn't even have to draw A'B'C'D'E'. In fact they haven't even given us enough information. I could draw the scale of that, but I actually don't know where to put it because they didn't even give us our center of dilation. But we know that corresponding sides, or the lengths between corresponding points, are going to be scaled by the scale factor. Now with that in mind, let's do another example. So we are told that triangle A'B'C', which they depicted right over here, is the image of triangle ABC, which they did not depict, under a dilation with a scale factor of two. What is the length of segment AB? Once again they haven't drawn AB here, how do we figure it out? Well it's gonna be a similar way as the last example, but here they've given us the image and they didn't give us the original. So how do we do it? Well the key, and pause the video again and try to do it on your own. Well the key realization here is that if you take the length of segment AB and you were to multiply by the scale factor, so you multiply it by two, then you're going to get the length of segment A'B'. The image's length is equal to the scale factor times the corresponding length on our original triangle. So what is the length of A'B'? Well this is straightforward to figure out. It is one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. So this right over here is eight, so we have two times the length of segment AB is equal to eight. And then you get the length of segment AB, just divide both sides by two, is equal to four. And we're done.
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Today is Presidents Day and for many government workers, it is a day out of the office. That means some services might be closed on Monday.
The federal government designates the third Monday in February as “Washington’s Birthday.” Many states, however, designate the day as Presidents Day or President’s Day.
Here is a look at what’s closed:
- Nonessential federal offices, courthouses
- U.S. post offices
- Most banks
- Stock markets
- Most public schools, city and state offices
Essential government offices, like the National Weather Service, will remain open. Also, U.S. national parks and Smithsonian museums remain open today.
Examples of nonessential offices closed on Monday include the Social Security Administration and the Internal Revenue Service.
Most retailers keep their normal Monday hours for the day.
President George Washington was born on Feb. 22, 1732. President Abraham Lincoln was also born in the month of February – Feb. 12, 1809.
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What is the balance between your work and other aspects of your life? Do you spend too much time working or thinking about work at the expense of other things? Do you have the skills and environment to make your working life satisfying?
Having a balanced life involves welcoming a range of aspects into your life. In particular, we function well and have satisfying lives when our various emotional needs are broadly met in balance. The most fundamental human emotional needs are these:
- Security/safe territory: In finance, home, job, relationships
- Autonomy and control: Volition to allow us to make responsible choices in and outside the workplace
- Attention: Both giving and receiving sufficient quantities
- Competence and achievement: In our job, hobbies and home life (self-esteem)
- Status: Whether at work and/or home, with our hobbies and/or in social groups
- A sense of meaning and purpose: Including being stretched
- Being part of a wider community: Recognising that we are social creatures
- Friendship and fun: Including having at least one person who accepts us warts and all
- Emotional connection: Fostering ties to others
- Privacy (and the time and space in which to enjoy it): In order to rest, reflect and consolidate learning
Our work environment often meets many of these needs, but relying too much on one source can put you at risk of difficulties if anything goes wrong with that source for any reason. It is a good idea to invest time in building a wide range of sources to meet our needs, in case one of the existing sources is unable to provide support at that time. It’s a little like a hammock, where each string provides an element of support. The more strings there are, the more stable things remain even if one or more strings break or become less reliable.
If we consider each of our needs to see how well they are met in our work, personal and social lives, respectively, we can identify where any particular need could be better met and what we can then do to improve the degree of its fulfilment. A general review or life audit is worth doing from time to time, especially when we are under particular stresses. Stresses typically arise because of a low scale in fulfilment of one or more needs at a particular time or because we are misusing our imagination (i.e. worrying without applying problem-solving skills). So, being clear about the need which is not being met in balance gives us the opportunity to develop the existing source or, instead, to draw on or build another source so we can meet that need elsewhere.
We have various innate resources which allow us to ensure that our needs are met. These are the ability to learn and add new knowledge to innate knowledge (that is, having both a memory and the ability to forget); curiosity, imagination and the ability to problem solve; the ability to focus and redirect attention; the ability to understand through metaphor (known as pattern-matching); self-awareness and being an observing self; resilience; the ability to empathise and connect with others; and a dreaming brain that debriefs the emotional brain every night, thereby keeping us sane. We have immense inner resources to tackle difficulties and recognising and practising how best to use these will allow us to take better control over our lives.
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The official flower of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. (AKA) is the Ivy, which was adopted as the official flower at the seventh biannual Boule in 1924 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Ivy is a symbol of faithfulness, friendship, and affection.
The Ivy also serves as a reminder of the sisterhood and commitment associated with Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority. The flower has four leaves with the first leaf representing ambition, the second leaf is depicted as success, the third leaf is symbolized as love, and the fourth leaf stands for faithfulness.
The Ivy remains the official flower of Alpha Kappa Alpha and continues to serve as a reminder of the bond that AKA members share and cherish.
Why is the colors pink and green for AKA?
The colors pink and green used for Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. – more commonly known as AKA – are deeply rooted in tradition and have special meanings behind them. The signature pink, often referred to as “aka rose,” is symbolic of the organization’s “unending love and devotion” to sisterhood.
Similarly, the green, which is also referred to as “the aka green,” is a symbol of the organization’s hope for an unchanging future.
AKA’s official colors were first chosen by its founders in 1908, offering a unique and uniform identifier amongst the members. Additionally, the iconic hues are used as a reminder of the organization’s commitments to uplifting black women around the world.
The two happy and vibrant colors reflect the unapologetic optimism of today’s members and the powerful legacy the organization stands for.
What does 20 pearls mean for AKA?
Twenty Pearls is an important motto and legacy for Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA) Sorority, Inc. The number “20” is significant because it marks the founding of the sorority, which was established on January 15, 1908, by a group of twenty African American college women at Howard University in Washington, D.
C. These 20 trailblazers are affectionately referred to as the “Twenty Pearls. ” The Twenty Pearls are: Lucy D. Slowe, Edith McDonald, Lillie Kinloch, Macie M. Streater, Hattie Redden, Ethel C. Howard, Joanna Berry Shields, Minnie B.
Smith, Nellie Pratt Russell, Carrie Kennedy, Lavinia V. Booker, Ethel Taylor Crocker, Ola M. Day, Mary F. Morrison, Lulu C. Morrell, C. Ada Harrison, Elmira Pearl Howard, Ozie McPherson, Winona Cargile Alexander, and Marjorie Hill.
The Twenty Pearls serve as an example to AKA members and their commitment to the service and empowerment of African American women. Their pioneering and tireless efforts laid the foundation for a strong and successful organization that has continued to thrive over the last century, and stands today as an iconic symbol of sisterhood, strength, and service.
The legacy of the Twenty Pearls is treasured by members and their commitment to uplift others is a source of inspiration and motivation.
Why do AKAs hold up their pinky?
At AKA initiations and other special events, members hold up their pinkies in a gesture of solidarity known as the Pinky Swear. The gesture symbolizes the bond between AKA sisters and their commitment to the organization.
Traditionally, it is believed that when two people make a promise using their pinkies, they are creating an unbreakable bond. As such, the Pinky Swear symbolizes the strong bond and commitment that the AKAs have to their organization and that they are vowing to honor and uphold the values and standards of AKA.
It also serves as a reminder to treat other members with respect, nurture each other, and provide help when needed. The Pinky Swear is an important custom among AKAs, as it demonstrates that they are dedicated to both the individual and collective growth and success of the organization.
Why do AKA use a frog?
The Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Inc. uses a frog as its official symbol. The frog has a symbolic meaning for the AKA organization and is also used to commemorate its foundation in 1908.
In ancient mythology, a frog is symbolic of rebirth and renewal, traits that the AKA strives to promote amongst its members. It also serves to represent the idea of emergence and re-emergence.
Furthermore, the frog is a part of the AKA sorority crest. This crest serves as a reminder of their history, mission, and its commitment to sisterhood and service to the community. The frog is found on the left side of the crest which serves to symbolize the spirit of companionship.
The frog has become an important symbol of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority and is used in sorority wear, official logos, chants, songs, and ceremonies. It serves as an emblem of achievement, power, and potential, being a representation of the work and accomplishments of the members.
What does the alpha symbol mean?
The alpha symbol (α) is a Greek letter used in math, science, and engineering to represent a variety of concepts, including “alpha radiation” or “angelic beings. ” The symbol is also often used to indicate the beginning of a process, the solution to a problem, or a rule or law.
Additionally, alpha is used to represent the strength or size of a relationship between two variables in a statistical test. For example, a correlation coefficient of 0. 5 or less might be considered to have a “low alpha,” while a correlation coefficient of 0.
75 or greater might be considered to have a “high alpha. ” Alpha is also often used in finance, where it represents the amount of risk-taking or volatility of a fund or security, or to indicate the amount of outperforming or underperforming a specific benchmark.
Finally, the alpha symbol is often used to represent the alpha gender or a person who identifies as non-binary.
What is the AKA sorority known for?
The Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA) sorority is a historic African American sorority that was founded on the campus of Howard University in Washington DC in 1908. This sorority is the first African American sorority in the United States and is among the nine National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) sororities.
AKA is known for its commitment to service and advancing the public good. Its members exemplify the sorority’s motto “Service to All Mankind” as they work towards impacting the global needs of poverty, healthcare, education, and women’s rights.
AKA is highly involved in its local communities, by completing service projects and volunteering to mentor young girls. Furthermore, the sorority focuses on strengthening members through leadership-building activities and collaborations with the greater community.
AKA members have earned distinguished titles such as doctor, professor, scientist, engineer, pharmacist, and lawyer. It is an amazing group of young women that boasts many accomplishments and is dedicated to lifting as they climb.
Is AKA only a black sorority?
No, AKA is not just a black sorority. AKA stands for Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. , and it is the oldest Greek-letter organization established by African American college-educated women. It was founded in 1908 at Howard University as a support system for Black women who had few other options for socializing.
Over the last 112 years, Alpha Kappa Alpha has grown to have hundreds of chapters, including international chapters, and tens of thousands of members across the globe. AKA is not only for African American women but for any woman who is committed to living a life of service and helping to improve their community.
While the core values of Alpha Kappa Alpha are rooted in service, power, and protection of Black women and girls, the fraternity has always maintained an open-door policy of inclusion – welcoming members of all identities and backgrounds.
In short, AKA is an organization created and sustained by African American women but open to any woman who wants to join.
Does AKA have a flower?
The Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority does not have an official flower. While some unofficial symbols of the sorority exist, like the white dove, a flower is not one of them. Historically, many other sororities have chosen a flower to represent themselves.
Examples include the Gamma Phi Beta sorority, who have chosen a pink carnation as their symbol, and Kappa Kappa Kappa sorority, whose flower is a violet. Alpha Kappa Alpha has chosen to focus on their colors of salmon pink and apple green, instead of a flower.
What does the ivy leaf represent in AKA?
The ivy leaf has become a widely recognized symbol of Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA) sorority. It carries a special significance for those who wear it, as it stands for loyalty and strong ties. The ivy leaf also holds deep meaning for the sorority, as its four leaves represent four major values of the organization—friendship, morality, reverence for God, and wisdom.
The ivy leaf has been adopted as a symbol for AKA since the organization’s founding in 1908. The ivy, a woody-stemmed climbing vine, symbolizes strength and endurance through its resilience and creative reach, much like the AKA organization.
Its intertwining leaves are thought to suggest the unity of African American women, and of the sorority sisters themselves. Additionally, the ivy’s dark green color is symbolic of the profound strength of their bond—even when separated, they remain deeply connected to each other.
All of these concepts, along with another related notion that AKA fosters, the idea of service-to-all, make up the story of the ivy in Alpha Kappa Alpha.
Why did AKA and delta split?
The exact reason for the split between Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA) and Delta Sigma Theta (Delta) is not known. However, it is believed that the decision to separate the two organizations was largely due to the way their respective members interacted with each other.
It is thought that members of AKA and Delta did not always have a pleasant relationship; there was reportedly an ongoing rivalry between members of the two sororities. Consequently, AKA and Delta eventually decided to go their separate ways, as the respective groups felt that a split was necessary in order to maintain a respectful and professional relationship.
However, despite being separate, the two sororities still maintain a strong bond and both organizations continue to co-sponsor events and programs.
What color pink is AKA sorority?
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. uses the color of Salmony Pink as its official color. Salmony Pink is a mid-range color, more muted than fuschia and more vibrant than mauve. It could be described as a pinky-orange hue.
This particular shade of pink is often associated with the Greek sorority, which members use as part of their crest in addition to the classics of green and ivory. AKA members often use Salmony Pink in their apparel and accessories, while also carrying on the long-standing tradition of their official color.
What GPA do you need to be AKA?
The minimum grade point average (GPA) you need to be an active member of Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA) is a cumulative 2. 75 GPA from an accredited university or college. In order to become a member, the undergraduate must have completed a minimum of 12 college credits with at least eight of those credits at the university or college they plan on joining.
The rest of the credits can be taken elsewhere provided that they transfer. In addition, the credits must be completed within four years of accepting the invitation to join. While there is a strict GPA requirement to join AKA, it is important to note that based on the chapter it can vary slightly.
It is best to confirm the GPA requirement for a specific chapter directly with the chapter president.
How do you get invited to be an AKA?
To become an AKA (Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. ), you must first be a college graduate. Once you have a college degree or have met the education minimums required by the organization you can then submit an interest application during the time when applications are being accepted.
The interested applicant will then be interviewed. After the interview process is completed, the applicant are placed in the Pledging period (usually 8 weeks). During this time, they will receive a mentor as they go through the pledging process.
After successful completion of the process, they are then inducted as a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.
How long is the AKA pledging process?
The pledging process for Alpha Kappa Alpha (AKA) Sorority, Inc. can vary depending on the chapter, but typically lasts anywhere from 4-6 weeks, with a probationary period that follows for all members.
This process typically consists of several steps, including information sessions, opportunities for potential new members to meet current members and learn about the sorority, interviews, and several rounds of educational sessions known as “intake”.
During intake, these sessions will usually involve activities, workshops, and discussions about AKA’s history, philosophy, and important programs. During the entire process, potential new members will be studying the sorority’s membership manual and developing plans for service projects to present in order to complete the process.
At the end of the intake process, potential new members will present the project they’ve created and have a final interview with the panel. Upon successful completion of the entire process, potential new members are formally initiated as members.
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Muscle relaxants, opioids, and other pharmaceuticals are leaking into the environment at two wastewater plants in New York, a new study has revealed.
Water entering the streams from two wastewater treatment plants that are supposed to break down pharmaceutical manufacturing waste had concentrations of pharmaceuticals between 10 to 1,000 times higher than water released into the environment from 24 other plants across the nation that do not receive pharmaceutical waste, according to the study, which is detailed in the June 4 edition of the journal Environmental Science and Technology.
"I don't think anyone ever thought we'd see these concentrations in streams," said study author Patrick Phillips of the U.S. Geological Survey.
The study is the first in the United States to assess the environmental impact of wastewater treatment plants that process waste from drug manufacturing facilities. Pharmaceuticals were found at drinking water reservoirs as far as 20 miles (30 kilometers) downstream of one of the treatment plants that receives at least 20 percent of its waste from pharmaceutical manufacturers.
Health limits aren't established for these chemicals, and the levels detected are still rather low, but "if people are interested in keeping drugs out of the environment, this may be a source we haven't thought about before," Phillips told LiveScience.
The waste flows into the treatment plants from drug manufacturing facilities where multiple ingredients are combined to form final drug products and where products are packaged for distribution.
Pharmaceuticals have been measured in many streams and aquifers across the nation, but levels are generally lower than one part per billion (1 ppb) — about as much as a tablespoon of water in an Olympic sized swimming pool.
Concerns persist, however, that higher levels may occur in environmental settings where wastewaters are released to the environment. Recent reports of pharmaceuticals entering the environment when consumers flush them down toilets have received much attention, but not much work has focused on the wastewater treatment plants that process waste directly from the drug manufacturers.
In this study, 35 to 38 samples of wastewater entering the environmental from treatment plants — known as effluent samples — were analyzed for seven target pharmaceuticals from each of three treatment plants in New York State and one effluent sample was collected from each of the 23 other treatment plants tested across the nation.
At the plants that do not process the drug waste, maximum pharmaceutical concentrations in effluent samples rarely (about one percent) exceeded one part per billion. By contrast, maximum concentrations in effluents from the two treatment plants receiving drug waste were as high as 3,800 ppb of metaxalone (a muscle relaxant), 1,700 ppb of oxycodone (an opioid prescribed for pain relief), greater than 400 ppb of methadone (an opioid prescribed for pain relief and drug withdrawal), 160 ppb of butalbital (a barbituate), and greater than 40 ppb of both phendimetrazine (a stimulant prescribed for obesity) and carisoprodol (a muscle relaxant).
The researchers are now attempting to gauge the health impacts from these concentrations of pharmaceutical waste in the environment. One important concern is that the chemicals could build up in fish or other animals that live in these streams and then spread up the food web to predators of these animals, including humans — a process called bioaccumulation.
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X-rays are one of the most important parts of a dental exam, and can help medical professionals detect problems long before they are visible to the naked eye, including early tooth decay, gum disease, abscesses, and abnormal growths.
Benefits of Digital X-rays
- Easy to obtain
Digital X-rays are obtained by putting a small electronic sensor in the mouth, and captured images can be pulled up instantly on a computer screen.
- No waiting time
Unlike traditional X-rays that require an intermediary chemical process, your dentist can abstain and evaluate your X-rays almost instantly.
- Images are clearer
Digital X-ray images are clearer than traditional X-rays and your healthcare provider can zoom in and out, making it easier for them to detect potential problems.
- Easy to share and store
Digital X-rays can be easily emailed to different specialists if needed, and can easily be stored on your computer.
- They are safer
Compared to traditional X-rays, digital X-rays reduce your exposure to radiation by up to 90%. Even though risk is reduced, there is still a slight risk that radiation from X-rays will cause cellular changes that may lead to future disease. Their benefits outweigh their risk, which is why they are so commonly used. Talk to your healthcare provider if you have questions about your safety, or why an X-ray is recommended for you.
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"It is my goal to make the London Center, the premier foreign policy institute in the country, one that is shaping
the debate on international affairs and influencing decisions emerging from the Congress."
The only mountains in Ukraine are in the west (the border with Romania), the Carpathian Mountains. Most of the rest of Ukraine is either steppe - grassland - or woods. Much of the forest has long since been converted into farmland and it was across the farms of Ukraine that German tanks swept with great speed in the early days of the invasion of Russia during World War II. If there’s a great physical obstacle to overcome, it’s the Dnieper River that separates eastern and western Ukraine. But the border between Russia and Eastern Ukraine has few if any natural physical obstacles. And Ukraine’s northern border west of the Dnieper, which it shares with Belarus, also is devoid of any significant physical obstacles.
Said otherwise, Ukraine is not an easily defended piece of terrain.
Could Ukraine defend itself? Perhaps. Every piece of terrain can be defended, every piece of terrain can be taken. It’s all a matter of will and how much you are willing to invest: in people and material.
About the only way to ensure that you are not invaded is, of course, to promise an apocalyptic response if attacked. Ukraine was able to do that for a short period of time. In 1991, after the break up of the Soviet Union, Ukraine had the third largest nuclear force in the world, with 150 SS-19 ICBMs, 46 SS-24 mobile ICBMs, and 33 nuclear capable bombers; a total force of more than 1700 nuclear warheads.
Three years later, in December 1994, Ukraine agreed to give up those weapons in exchange for a “commitment” from the US, the UK and Russia to respect the independence of Ukraine; practically speaking, the US would place Ukraine under the US nuclear umbrella in exchange for Ukraine destroying its nuclear weapons.
20 years later, the Sochi Winter Olympics finished, Tsar Vlad moved into Crimea.
And the US did nothing.
What then followed, and continues to this day, has been steadily increasing pressure on Ukraine. In particular, in those areas of Eastern Ukraine where large segments of the populace favor Russia, Russian “Little Green Men” - special operations personnel who led the subversion of Crimea - have worked to undermine Kiev’s control.
Several times over the last six years Russian forces have conducted large-scale operations in close proximity to Ukraine. This happened again recently, with the Russian army moving two Combined Arms Armies (CAA), some 90,000 troops, into the field.
Ukraine has complained to Moscow about these forces, the Ukrainian Defense Minister specifically citing the presence of the 41st CAA near Yelnya, a town about 160 miles north of the Ukrainian border. For those unfamiliar with this sort of thing, when traveling on your own roads, a modern mechanized unit can cover 160 miles in a night.
The commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian armed forces, Lt. Gen. Valeriy Zaluzhny, also noted Russia has about 2,100 military personnel (those little green men) in the rebel-controlled east, with Russian officers holding the command positions in the separatist forces; Moscow denies the presence of its troops in eastern Ukraine.
As for the 41st CAA, per a basic on-line search, it consist of 9 brigades: including 3 motorized rifle brigades, a rocket brigade, an artillery brigade and an air defense brigade; commanded by a Major General Sergey Ryzhkov. The Russian Army uses the term “army” the way the US uses "corps,” a force sized at 2 or more divisions (each division made up of 3 or 4 brigades). Two other CAAs, the 20th and the 8th are headquartered within striking distance of Ukraine. A third, the 22nd, a small CAA, is in Crimea.
What makes this more interesting is that the 41st CAA is headquartered in Novosibirsk, 1500 miles east of Moscow. So: why was the 41st moved?
Are the Russians going to jump off? Or was this just basic maneuvers? Or are they desensitizing everyone to the presence of large, mechanized forces within striking distance of Eastern Ukraine? Hard to say.
But here are some other questions:
With winter setting in and Europe dependent on natural gas from Russia, is Europe more or less likely to support Ukraine?
With the US having gone from an energy exporter to an energy importer in less than a year, and facing rising energy costs and rising inflation, is the US more or less likely to act in a manner that would spike energy prices further?
In the wake of the mismanaged departure from Kabul, is the US more or less likely to risk a major international confrontation?
What if Putin and Xi are working this together, that they have developed a “whole of both governments - whole of both nations” plan to exploit US economic, political and social fault lines to achieve their own goals, whether in Eastern Ukraine, the Baltic States, the South China Sea, Taiwan or elsewhere?
And what of our allies? What lessons should they draw?
Can they, in the light of Kabul, rely on US decision-making?
Can they depend on US economic strength supporting a long, slow “Cold War” style confrontation?
Can they, in light of the US failure to honor its 1994 commitment to Ukraine, count on the shield of the US nuclear umbrella?
One of the nagging thoughts the French held in the 1960s was the fear that, if pressed, the US would be unwilling to engage in a nuclear exchange with the Soviets over the loss of a French city or two. It contributed to the French pulling out of the military side of NATO and declaring their forces, in particular their nuclear forces, as independent from the US.
How much that affected the calculus of Soviet leadership will never be known. But it certainly had to give them a little pause. No one was going to simply march into France again. To do so would be apocalyptic. And the decision would be completely in French hands.
Taiwan, the Republic of Korea, even Japan, must now be thinking some of these thoughts. If the US wants to keep this sort of nuclear proliferation from taking place, it needs to make it very clear that the “nuclear umbrella” remains in place.
Nothing says: “independence” like your own nuclear weapons. Ask North Korea.
About Pete O'Brien
Peter O’Brien has more than 30 years of successful leadership and planning experience in a wide range of organizations afloat and ashore on three continents. Mr. O’Brien’s Navy career included ten years at sea, more than a dozen years stationed overseas and multiple ...
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Directional drilling is a method that is used to install underground utilities, such as water lines, sewer lines, cable systems, and piping systems. A form of trenchless technology, directional drilling takes a utility from one point to another without disturbing the surface above or any obstacles that lie between the two points. The process involves using boring machines to drill a pilot hole into the ground at specified locations. The boring machine is outfitted with advanced technologies that allow it to change direction in the event that it comes across any underground obstructions. Once the pilot hole is in place, a new utility line, such as a water or sewer line, or piping system, is installed. The installation of the lines or pipes can then be completed underground.
At Long Island Sewer and Water Main, we’re experts at directional drilling. It’s our preferred method for conduit installation, such as underground water and sewer lines, as it allows for trenchless pipe installation.
Directional drilling offers several benefits that make it the preferred choice for water and sewer line installation among both the experts at Long Island Sewer and Water Main, as well as Long Island property owners. The following are some of the most notable advantages of directional drilling:
Faster installation. Drilling down into the ground rather than digging down and then across, like traditional open-and-cut methods require, means that the installation process goes a lot faster.
Less disruption. With directional drilling, there is minimal disruption, both to the ground and to obstacles, utilities, and objects that are located underground.
Affordability. Because the process is faster, directional drilling is more affordable than traditional methods.
Flexibility. This method can be used to place conduits in locations where obstacles are a problem; under a road, a driveway, a stream, or even in an area where piping needs to curve.
Less contamination. Since soil is brought to the side rather than to the surface, the risk of contamination is reduced.
Durability. The combination of more robust materials with greater placement accuracy allows for increased durability.
Fewer permits. Compared to traditional methods, directional drilling typically requires fewer permits.
Long Island Sewer and Water Main is a leading expert in directional drilling on Long Island. Our technicians are professionally trained, highly skilled, and have ample hands-on experience. We use the most cutting-edge technologies, the most advanced tools, and state-of-the-art equipment, and we always adhere to the most recent advances in directional drilling. All of these factors combined mean that we provide the highest-quality, most reliable, and longest-lasting results. We also adhere to the most stringent protocols and regulations to ensure that everything is safe and up to code.
Busy roadways, private driveways, waterways, buildings, and more; our expert technicians can use directional drilling to quickly and efficiently install conduit systems in virtually any location, even in areas where large obstructions exist. In addition, we create minimal disruptions and leave very little mess behind. For the most reliable, durable, and affordably priced directional drilling services in Nassau and Suffolk Counties, look no further than Long Island Sewer and Water Main.
Get all your Drain problems,
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Just Schedule an appointment Right Here On-Line.
We will Call You to know all your specifics…
We also take care of all your Plumbing Needs
Sewer & Water Line Repair or Replacement
Toilet & Sink Installations/Repairs
Kitchen Sink & Stove Installations/Repairs
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On UK Mainland orders over £30
Fossilised Wood Slice 13cm
Fossil Wood Slice, fossil for sale from Madagascar
This gorgeous Fossilised Wood Slice measuring 13cm long displays gorgeous colours and unique patterns.
The wood was cut from a large Fossil Wood log, leaving two exposed faces which have been beautifully hand-polished with rough natural edges surrounding them.
Displaying striking brown colours, the patterns of this Petrified Wood Slice are truly mesmerising.
What Is Fossil Wood Made Of?
Fossil wood, otherwise known as Petrified Wood or Fossilised Wood, is a fossil of a tree, and is primarily composed of silicate minerals such as Jasper.
These ancient trees grew millions of years ago, and after death, the original wood material was replaced by colourful Jaspers, creating the Fossil Wood we find today.
In fact, the term "Petrified Wood" means "wood turned into stone".
How Is The Wood Fossilised?
The process of fossilisation which forms Fossil Wood is termed permineralization, which describes how mineral replacements create these stunning fossils.
- Trees and plants grew millions of years ago.
- The trees and plants died and their remains were buried in sediment such as volcanic ash or river sediment.
- As the plants were encased in the sediment, they were protected from decay and remained preserved.
- Eventually, water rich in dissolved minerals, usually silicates, flowed through this sediment which contained the plant remains.
- These colourful minerals were precipitated out of the water into solid form, and entered the wood, replacing the original plant material.
- Over time, the original wood material was completely replaced by these minerals, which were usually silicate minerals such as Quartz or Chalcedony.
Where Does Fossil Wood Come From?
The Fossil Wood is sourced from Madagascar, from the the Araucaria tree, which is more commonly known as the Monkey Puzzle Tree.
We also have a large selection of fossil wood from India available.
How Old Is Fossil Wood?
Originating from the Triassic Period, this piece is 248 million years old and thus a spectacular historical item.
The Monkey Puzzle Tree population is in decline today, so here is a chance to own a living fossil from Madagascar.
Petrified Wood Crystal Healing Properties
Petrified Wood is believed to have many healing properties, including the ability to relieve tension and induce a sense of calm in its user.
Due to its connection to the Earth, Fossil Wood has a grounding aura and can increase feelings of security.
A Stone of Transformation, Fossilised Wood is thought to help you to grow and develop into your ideal self.
Fossil Wood Chakras
Fossilised Wood is heavily associated with the Root Chakra: it is believed to help root and ground its user during times of change and transition.
Petrified Wood can also be used with the Third Eye Chakra, where it is thought to unlock ancient knowledge, wisdom, and insight.
How Hard Is Fossil Wood?
Measuring 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, this Jasper-based mineral is relatively hard and durable and resistant to scratching, but care should still be taken not to damage the crystal surface.
To clean the crystal/fossil, simply use water and dry it afterwards with a soft cloth.
Fossil Wood Collections
Due to the diversity of colour and pattern in each individual piece of Fossilised Wood, this type of fossil is incredibly popular in fossil collections worldwide.
Crystal healers also prize this stone for the reported healing properties of Petrified Wood.
Therefore, this large fossil display piece is perfect for both fossil collectors and crystal collectors.
Buy Fossil Wood online now at Madagascan Direct.
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Historical problems and perspectives
The nature of the relationship between publics and their health has long been a concern for those seeking to improve collective and individual health. Attempts to secure the health of the population of any given place are one of the oldest forms of governmental action. Whether it be providing clean water or preventing the spread of disease, such efforts require the involvement of the publics these measures are designed to protect. Despite its importance, surprisingly little attention has been paid to who or what the ‘public’ of public health consisted of. This collection addresses this gap by considering ‘who’ the public of public health was in an array of places and around a variety of public health problems. Ranging across Europe and North and South America, and from the interwar period to the near present, this book explores the construction of ‘problem publics’ to deepen our understanding of the ‘who’ of public health. This book offers detailed case studies of the making of ‘problem’ publics and public health problems in different places and at different times. By placing examples of the construction of problem publics in contexts as diverse as the USA in the interwar period, East Germany in the 1980s and contemporary Argentina, this collection identifies what is general and what is specific to the processes that make certain kinds of publics appear problematic. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, this volume offers fresh insights into the nature of public health problems, practices and publics.
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Researchers at the Harvard Wyss Institute and MIT have developed a face mask that can detect SARS-CoV-2 in a wearer’s breath. The mask employs freeze dried molecular components including CRISPR-based technology, and a lateral flow assay strip to detect the virus and alert the wearer. To initiate the test, the wearer simply presses a button on the mask, and it can provide a result within 90 minutes, with a similar level of accuracy as a standard PCR test.
“We have essentially shrunk an entire diagnostic laboratory down into a small, synthetic biology-based sensor that works with any face mask, and combines the high accuracy of PCR tests with the speed and low cost of antigen tests,” said Peter Nguyen, a researcher involved in the study. “In addition to face masks, our programmable biosensors can be integrated into other garments to provide on-the-go detection of dangerous substances including viruses, bacteria, toxins, and chemical agents.”
The researchers have been working on this technique for a while and have called it wearable freeze-dried cell-free (wFDCF) technology. They employ molecular components that cells use to manipulate and recognize nucleic acids and proteins, and incorporate them into sensors in fabrics to form wearable devices that can identify specific pathogens or other hazardous substances. The freeze-dried components are stable and have a significant shelf life, and unlike other synthetic biology approaches, the system does not need cells to work.
“Other groups have created wearables that can sense biomolecules, but those techniques have all required putting living cells into the wearable itself, as if the user were wearing a tiny aquarium. If that aquarium ever broke, then the engineered bugs could leak out onto the wearer, and nobody likes that idea,” said Nguyen.
To get going, the molecular sensors require water, and the new face mask contains a small reservoir of water that is released when the user presses a button. Then, a series of reactions cleave the viral particles to release the viral RNA, and amplify the sequence that encodes for the spike protein. Finally, the CRISPR technology detects this amplification product and cleaves it, providing a visual result on a lateral flow strip, similar to what is used in pregnancy tests.
Excitingly, the technology has a range of other applications beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. “This technology could be incorporated into lab coats for scientists working with hazardous materials or pathogens, scrubs for doctors and nurses, or the uniforms of first responders and military personnel who could be exposed to dangerous pathogens or toxins, such as nerve gas,” said Nina Donghia, another researcher involved in the study.
Here’s a video with more about the new technology:
Study in Nature Biotechnology: Wearable materials with embedded synthetic biology sensors for biomolecule detection
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What is a disadvantage of planning?
Planning has tendency to make administration inflexible. Planning implies prior determination of policies, procedures and programmes and a strict adherence to them in all circumstances. There is no scope for individual freedom.
What is not a benefit of planning?
Planning cannot foresee everything, and thus, there may be obstacles to effective planning. Identify the related limitation of planning. (a) Planning leads to rigidity. (b) Planning may not work in a dynamic environment.
What is a workforce planning strategy?
Strategic workforce planning is created by designing a process within your organization that proactively anticipates current and future hiring needs. This will ensure your organization has the resources needed to meet its business goals.
Who are the actors that are involved in the decision making processes of urban planning?
The key urban actors involved in urban transformations processes are: 1) Policy Makers; 2) Public Officials; 3) Private Sector Producers; and 4) Residents’ Representatives.
What do you mean by planning and objectives of planning?
Planning involves setting objectives and deciding in advance the appropriate course of action to achieve these objectives so we can also define planning as setting up of objectives and targets and formulating an action plan to achieve them. Another important ingredient of planning is time.
What tools are used in workforce planning?
What are workforce planning tools?
- Strategic workforce planning map.
- 9-Box grid.
- HR dashboarding.
- Compensation and benefits analysis.
- Scenario planning.
What is HRP and its process?
Human resource planning (HRP) is the continuous process of systematic planning ahead to achieve optimum use of an organization’s most valuable asset—quality employees. Human resources planning ensures the best fit between employees and jobs while avoiding manpower shortages or surpluses.
What are benefits of planning?
Planning helps managers determine where resources are most needed so they can be allocated where they will provide the most benefit. Plans provide motivation and commitment. People are not motivated when they do not have clear goals and do not know what is expected of them.
What is advantage and disadvantage of planning?
Minimizing Uncertainties: Planning is always done for the future. Nobody can predict accurately what is going to happen. Business environments are always changing. Planning is an effort to foresee the future and plan the things in a best possible way.
What are the 5 key elements of workforce planning?
- INTRODUCTION. Workforce planning is the systematic process for identifying and.
- OPM’S 5-STEP. WORKFORCE.
- Step 1: Set. Strategic.
- Step 2: Analyze. Workforce,
- Step 3: Develop. Action Plan.
- Implement. Action Plan.
- Step 5: Monitor, Evaluate, and Revise.
What are the steps of human resource planning?
Six steps in human resource planning are presented in Figure 5.3.
- Analysing Organizational Objectives:
- Inventory of Present Human Resources:
- Forecasting Demand and Supply of Human Resource:
- Estimating Manpower Gaps:
- Formulating the Human Resource Action Plan:
- Monitoring, Control and Feedback:
What are the three objectives of planning?
To promote innovative ideas. h.To provide proper co-ordination among the committees. i.To have good control over all the activities.j.To improve efficiency. k.To reduce the chances of mistakes.
What are the tools and techniques used for human resources planning?
One example of a popular project management tool is SWOT analysis. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The SWOT technique was developed by Albert Humphrey in the 1960s to help businesses use all forms of capital, including human labor, within a deliberately self-aware framework.
What are the objectives of planning?
Here we detail about the six major objectives of planning in India, i.e., (a) Economic Growth, (b) Attaining Economic Equality and Social Justice, (c) Achieving Full Employment, (d) Attaining Economic Self-Reliance, (e) Modernisation of Various Sectors, and (f) Redressing Imbalances in the Economy.
What are the main principles of workforce planning?
What is workforce planning?
- Reduce labour costs in favour of workforce deployment and flexibility.
- Identify and respond to changing customer needs.
- Identify relevant strategies for focussed people development.
- Target inefficiencies.
- Improve employee retention.
- Improve productivity and quality outputs.
Why is urban planning so important?
Urban planning is a valuable force for city leaders to achieve sustainable development. It distributes economic development within a given territory to reach social objectives and creates a framework for collaboration between local governments, the private sector and the public at large.
What are the challenges of urban planning?
Most of our cities have grown in an unmonitored and uncontrolled manner, which has led to the manifestation of various problems such as over-population, over-crowding, traffic congestion, environmental pollution, unemployment as well as the general deterioration of urban amenities, which have in turn precipitated …
What are the 3 key issues for strategic workforce planning?
There are three key issue drivers for strategic workforce planning: The organization’s strategic plan….Changing External Environment
- Labor Supply Shortage.
- Revenue Shortfalls / Budget Cuts.
- Changing Workforce Demographics.
- Governor / Legislature Mandate.
What are the methods of strategic manpower planning?
Techniques of Manpower Planning:
- Forecasting Manpower Needs (Demand): Manpower demand refers the total human resource needs of an organisation for a given time period.
- Short-term Forecasting:
- Long-term Forecasting:
- Linear Regression:
- Forecasting Manpower Supply:
- Balancing Manpower Supply and Demand:
What are the challenges of planning?
Fear that new process may create more work for staff feeling already overworked. Lack of trust between providers to fulfill duties. Lack of trust between funders and providers. Concern over privacy of client information, especially for domestic violence victims.
What are the three stages of workforce planning?
The three phases of human resources management are acquisition, development and termination. These phases are also known as the pre-hiring phase, the training phase, and the post-hiring phase.
What are the 3 types of planning?
Planning is one of the four functions of management that allows a manager to develop and implement strategic action steps aimed at reaching an organizational goal. There are three major types of planning, which include operational, tactical and strategic planning.
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There is now good evidence that social distancing and other non-medical preventative strategies to contain COVID can work. In addition, new evidence suggests these measures also work to help prevent the spread of other infectious diseases, including some types of meningitis. But behind a short-term win of lower global non-COVID infections lurks a potential risk of ‘disease rebound’. The reduced exposure to viruses and bacteria linked to COVID prevention measures could lead to a lack of immunity in the population which opens corridors for diseases to spread rapidly. This could increase cases and mean new epidemics arise as social distancing measures are eased, as highlighted in a recent paper by the Paediatric Infectious Diseases Group (GPIP) based in France.
Focusing solely on the fight against COVID could create a ticking time bomb for public policy. There is an urgent need for public and policy education and awareness to explain the potential risks of new epidemics and ensure suitable action is taken before it’s too late. That time is now.
Three things really matter that everyone needs to know.
Firstly, before COVID, effective treatments and innovative vaccines had reduced the threat of many infectious diseases, but they had not gone away.
Exposure to bacteria and viruses can cause life-threatening infections, but while nearly all of us are exposed to meningitis-causing bacteria at some time in our lives, most of us do not become ill. Most people who are exposed instead go on to carry the bacteria in the back of the nose and throat for a period of time, and this can build or boost immunity. Some strains of the meningitis-causing bacteria Neisseria meningitidis
(also known as
meningococcal bacteria) are more likely to be harmlessly carried than others, and many of us are protected from developing meningococcal infection because we have carried a related, but harmless bacteria called Neisseria lactamica
when we were young children. Carrying these bacteria contributes to the development of population-wide herd immunity and helps stop the spread of more serious and deadly forms of meningococcal bacteria.
Social distancing and other COVID responses have severely curtailed this natural circulation, blocking both the benefits and harms of exposure to these bacteria. We could see a lack of immune stimulation leading to an ‘immunity debt’ within the population. This in turn means people are less protected and even more reliant on vaccines than they would otherwise be. Once everyone starts meeting up again, more people are potentially at risk of infectious diseases that had previously been in decline. Low infection rates in the short-term could therefore lead to a rapid resurgence as lock-downs ease around the world.
Secondly, on top of the protective nature of some exposure to bacteria, lots of people have missed out on vaccines that offer protection. Some people were not attending routine vaccine appointments due to fear of attending medical facilities in the midst of a pandemic. Other vaccines were missed due to school closures or campaigns being cancelled as resources were distributed elsewhere. There is growing evidence of need for massive catch-up campaigns for vaccines that prevent infectious diseases to halt this alarming drop in protection.
Finally, governments the world over have seen their economies hit by COVID and will naturally feel responsible for stabilising their finances as lockdowns unwind. In this environment, a fall in infectious diseases could look like an easy win for cost savings to be made on vaccine programmes (outside of COVID).
This triple threat of reduced natural immunity combined with lower vaccination rates and economic expediency, all wrapped up in seemingly low levels of current infection, could be catastrophic if they are misunderstood.
Whilst it is true that disease rebound is not a certainty it is a very real risk. It is possible infections will stay low for some time. The work to model what could happen is progressing now. But that fact is, we do not and cannot know for certain what will happen. In this circumstance, the right response is therefore to use the tools we already have at our disposal and take unnecessary risk out of the picture altogether.
An unprecedented effort to catch up vaccination programmes that have fallen behind needs to take place now with the same energy and rigour as COVID vaccine roll out. Routine vaccine programmes need putting back on their feet and coverage rates need to stay high. And governments need to help educate people as well as invest – not cut investment - in this work now. If they do not, the end of 2021 could look like an equation no one wants to see. COVID + re-emergence of many other infectious diseases
. It does not have to happen. We all must make sure it does not.
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The silent film era, much like Hollywood today, banked on its heartthrobs. Figures like Douglas Fairbanks, John Barrymore, and Rudolph Valentino exuded charisma and romance and drew audiences to theaters. Lurking among these leading men, however, was Lon Chaney Sr.—an equally big star who reached deeper, grasping at the stuff of nightmares through his craft while at the same time seeking to evoke his audience’s sympathies.
Chaney Sr. (not to be confused with his son, Lon Chaney Jr., star of 1941's The Wolf Man) was one of the biggest movie stars of his era, yet was most famous for hiding in plain sight behind the masks of his various characters. Perhaps best known to film buffs today for his turns as The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923) and The Phantom of the Opera (1925), Chaney took on a kaleidoscope of weird roles and helped give rise to modern horror films in a number of ways.
1. Lon Chaney Sr. was known as "The Man of 1,000 Faces."
Unlike many of Hollywood's leading men, who trade on their good looks and recognizable faces, Lon Chaney Sr. made his name by donning a series of disguises and elaborate makeups, completely changing his appearance from film to film. Chaney, an early character actor, gravitated toward bizarre and distinct roles—playing a series of criminals, toughs, circus performers, clowns, pirates, ghouls, and vampires. His ability to disappear into his roles soon earned him the moniker “The Man of 1,000 Faces.” It also made him the subject of a popular joke at the time: “Don’t step on that spider! It might be Lon Chaney!”
2. Nobody knows how many movies Lon Chaney Sr. was actually in.
Chaney racked up an impressive number of film appearances. While the official number of movies he appeared in stands somewhere between 157 and 162, Chaney frequently worked as a background actor (or extra) at the beginning of his career, while working under contract at Universal Studios, so it's impossible to say just how many films he appeared in. This early period between 1912 and 1917 would prove to be an important time of experimentation for Chaney in crafting both his physical appearance and performance.
3. Some of Lon Chaney Sr.'s most memorable films were made with director Tod Browning at the helm.
Chaney had been working in movies for more than a decade before he began his frequent collaborations with director Tod Browning, who is best known for putting Bela Lugosi on the map with the 1931 film Dracula (and most infamously known for directing the 1932 movie Freaks). But when they did finally come together, it was a meeting of macabre minds. To begin with, Chaney and Browning had several things in common: Both had experienced past brushes with personal tragedy (Browning had been the driver in a car accident that killed actor Elmer Booth; Chaney’s first wife had tried to kill herself); both came from a Vaudevillian background; and both had a penchant for spectacle and the grotesque.
Among Chaney and Browning's collaborations were the 1925 silent version of The Unholy Three, in which Chaney plays a sideshow ventriloquist masquerading as a kindly grandmother; the 1927 film The Unknown, in which Chaney plays a fugitive masquerading as an armless knife thrower, who later blackmails a surgeon to amputate his arms in order to win the woman he loves (the film is one of several in which Chaney and Browning concocted a bizarre character and built an entire film around it); and the 1927 film London After Midnight, in which Chaney plays a vampire-like figure. Tragically, this film is also famous for being lost; the last known copy was destroyed in a 1965 MGM vault fire.
4. Lon Chaney Sr.'s upbringing contributed to his silent stardom.
Leonidas "Lon" Frank Chaney was born on April 1, 1883 in Colorado Springs, Colorado to Deaf parents. Chaney's parents had met at the Colorado School for the Education of Mutes (now the Colorado School for the Deaf and Blind), which was founded by Chaney’s maternal grandfather. Chaney’s upbringing both marked him as an outsider early on and contributed to his later success; communicating with his parents required a mastery of facial expression and pantomime that would come in handy in the silent film era.
5. Lon Chaney Sr. was an early makeup effects master.
Dick Smith. Tom Savini. Rick Baker. These are names that are well known to monster movie fans the world over. But before makeup legend Jack Pierce turned Boris Karloff into Frankenstein in 1931, Chaney was transforming his own face in ways that remain impressive today. A hardscrabble theatrical background had imparted basic makeup skills to Chaney, who then honed them with a characteristic dedication. He would remain his own makeup man throughout his career, and even wrote the makeup entry for the 1929 Encyclopædia Britannica. Chaney’s metamorphoses into phantoms and hunchbacks exacted a physical toll, however.
6. Lon Chaney Sr.'s onscreen transformations often caused intense physical pain.
Chaney threw himself into his roles with such uncompromising dedication that pain was frequently the price of perfection. He had a gift for physical contortion, which he supplemented with various disguises and rigs. According to The Phantom of the Opera cinematographer Charles Van Enger, the wire Chaney invented to deform his nose for the part caused his nose to bleed. Whether or not Chaney wore a 70-pound rubber hump in The Hunchback of Notre Dame is subject to debate, but by some accounts the appliances he wore over his eyes permanently damaged his vision.
In the horror history The Monster Show, David J. Skal detailed the tortures Chaney subjected himself to. For the 1919 movie The Penalty, in which he played an amputee, Chaney strapped his legs behind his body with his ankles dug into his thighs, and completed the look with a pair of leather stumps so that he could “walk” on his knees for the duration of the role. He reportedly wore the rig for longer than advised by his doctors and repeatedly collapsed on set.
7. Lon Chaney Sr. hated publicity.
Chaney was a mysterious presence both onscreen and off. He disliked hobnobbing with the Hollywood set, going to premieres, giving interviews, and/or signing autographs (except for fans behind bars—Chaney was a self-taught penologist, or student of prisons and convict rehabilitation). He once boasted that he would “fix it so no one will write my autobiography after I’m gone.”
In fact, details of Chaney's life were so scarce that actor James Cagney had a difficult time researching the part of Chaney for 1957 biopic Man of a Thousand Faces. While he was no doubt genuinely reclusive to an extent, Chaney’s reticence may have in fact been the smartest publicity move of all, as his mystery only added to his allure.
8. Lon Chaney Sr. made a successful transition to the “talkies.”
The advent of sound film killed the careers of many a silent era star—among them John Gilbert, Douglas Fairbanks, and Norma Talmadge. After initially resisting the new technology, Chaney made the decision to go into sound pictures, approaching the problem the way he had approached so many other challenges: with great focus and intensity. He began hanging around studio sound rooms, studying the art of recording and sometimes experimenting with recording and mixing himself. Chaney’s first talkie was a 1930 sound remake of The Unholy Three. In it, his rendering of five different voices used by his charlatan character so impressed audiences that he was also dubbed “The Man of a Thousand Voices.”
Unfortunately, Chaney’s first talkie would also be his last.
9. Fake snow hastened Lon Chaney Sr.'s death.
By 1930, Chaney had successfully made the switch to a new movie medium and had a number of roles lined up; he was even being considered for Dracula, which would surely have changed the image of the count popularized by Bela Lugosi. Alas, this was not to be. In 1929, during the filming of Thunder, Chaney developed pneumonia and was diagnosed with bronchial lung cancer shortly thereafter. During filming, stray flakes of artificial snow—made from cornflakes—lodged in Chaney’s throat, causing an infection. His condition deteriorated during the filming of The Unholy Three, and in August 1930, shortly after the completion of the film, he died of a throat hemorrhage.
Chaney is buried in an unmarked crypt in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California, which very well may be how The Man of a 1000 Faces would have wanted it.
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USS Independence (CV-62) Asbestos Exposure
Hull Number: CV-62
Type: Aircraft Carrier
Built: Brooklyn, NY
This Forrestal-class Aircraft Carrier was commissioned by the U.S. Navy in January of 1959, and was the fifth ship to bear its name.
Stretching 1,070 feet bow-to-stern, the USS Independence carried a complement of over 5,000 men aboard, and held between 70 and 90 aircraft.
It conducted operations in Vietnam and the Middle East over its long career, and was decommissioned in 1998 after almost four decades of active service.
Ships built between the 1930’s and 1970’s commonly used asbestos in their construction, placing those who served aboard the USS Independence at a high risk of exposure. Asbestos could be found in equipment such as boilers, turbines, valves, pumps, and electrical components.
Materials such as gaskets and packing were also often made of asbestos. A high concentration of these items were located in the engine and boiler spaces of ships, putting Machinist’s Mates, Boiler Tenders, Firemen, and others who worked in these areas in the most danger.
The companies who sold this asbestos to the U.S. Navy were typically aware of the threat it posed, but did nothing to warn the veterans who would be working with it. This led to many veterans developing mesothelioma later in life; a disease only known to be caused by asbestos.
Victims of asbestos exposure have a right to seek compensation. Those diagnosed with mesothelioma or other asbestos-related diseases can have the often overwhelming costs of medical care covered by settlements, and may be entitled to additional sums for pain and suffering.
The law limits the amount of time a lawsuit can be filed, so it is important that victims contact legal representation as soon as possible following a diagnosis.
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For years these ghost towns in Mexico have been abandoned, but they still have many stories and legends among their dark streets. Mexico is undoubtedly one of the countries with the richest culture; it keeps among its corners paradisiacal places to visit, however, it also has among its most hidden places some ghost towns that are part of the history and legend of many of the states of Mexico.
Ghost towns where abandonment reigns, nostalgia and terror can be the perfect destination. The fact that the inhabitants had abandoned them, means that there are still stories that should be told. Meet five of the most terrifying and famous ghost towns in Mexico, and why you should give them a break one of these days.
During the years of the Spanish colony, Ojuela was one of the most important silver, gold, manganese and zinc mines in the country. Servando de Ojuelos was the discoverer of the mine, hence the origin of his name. But unfortunately, in the 20th century, a strong storm destroyed the place, which caused its inhabitants to emigrate to other states, leaving the place totally abandoned.
Today, tourists come to the ghost town of Ojuela to appreciate one of the largest suspension bridges in the world, which was a source of inspiration for the construction of the Golden Gate in San Francisco.
Cerro de San Pedro, San Luis Potosí
For several decades the Cerro de San Pedro was a town that provided several jobs to the inhabitants of the place. It was one of the most important mining sites in San Luis Potosí, until in 1948 a strike that did not end well caused the mining company to exploit practically the entire site; leaving in its place a ghost town. Currently, there are very few inhabitants of San Pedro, who invite tourists to visit the place and learn the stories behind its collapsed walls.
San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán
A violent eruption of the Paricutín volcano in Michoacán caused the town to be practically under ashes, rubble, and oblivion. All the inhabitants had to be evicted, luckily there were no human victims but a totally abandoned ghost town. In fact, the only thing that was saved was the church of San Juan, which can be seen surrounded by a volcanic catastrophe.
Mineral de Pozos, Guanajuato
It was also one of the most important mining towns; in it, silver, copper, gold, bronze, mercury, and aluminum were extracted. But legend says that because of the conflicts in the Cristero War where the priest of Mineral de Pozos was killed, a curse fell on the town. The mines were flooded and the inhabitants had to migrate to other places, thus leaving a ghost town.
Nowadays, tourism and the inhabitants have returned to Mineral de Pozos turning it into a magical town, where many legends and buildings abound with anecdotes.
Guerrero Viejo, Tamaulipas
Due to the construction of the Falcón Dam, all the inhabitants of this region had to be relocated in the new city of Guerrero, since the initiative would flood practically all the town. It is for this reason that this place full of water is known as Old Warrior; the ghost town of Tamaulipas. Some tourists have visited it, however, it is necessary to wait for the water level to drop in order to appreciate it.
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There are several hundred quelites in Mexico, with innumerable nutritional properties, whose consumption is being rescued as a valuable legacy for the country and the world.
Quelites are a traditional food in Mexico that has been eaten since before the Spaniards came. Although the number of people who eat them has gone down over time, they are an important part of the current trend to bring back old foods.
What are quelites?
According to a document of the National Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (Conabio), the word quelite comes from the Nahuatl word quilitl, which means vegetable or edible tender plant, and is applied to flowers, leaves, bulbs, and buds of tender trees.
The cultivation of these quelites has been carried out mainly by small farmers, with few external inputs, and based on local knowledge of the species. Quelites can grow in soils that don't have much water or nutrients, so they can survive in dry conditions with little care and no help from outside.
Among the most common are the papalo, purslane, quintonil, romerito, quelite cenizo, huauzontle, alaches, epazote, chaya, hoja santa, and chepiles, and according to the book "Los quelites, tradición millenaria en México", by Delia Castro Lara, Francisco Basurto Peña, Luz María Mera Ovando, and Robert Arthur Bye Boettler, the presence of plants like these has been documented since the 16th century.
"There is the great work of Fray Bernardino de Sahagun, "General history of things in New Spain", finished around 1577, whose eleventh book is dedicated to the Quelites: in two paragraphs of Chapter VII, paragraph 3 deals "with cooked edible herbs" and paragraph 4 "with the herbs that are eaten raw".
Concerning the number of quelites endemic to Mexico (because there are others, such as coriander, that have been adopted), the texts that analyze them are not agreed upon. However, Alaide Jimenez, research professor at the Center for Research and Training in Gastronomy of the Food Science Area of the University of Sor Juana Cloister, says there are more than 300, which are attributed an important nutritional benefit, for which they are being studied and revalued.
"There is a group of UNAM researchers from different areas, led by Dr. Amanda Gálvez, from the Faculty of Chemistry, who headed the PUAL (University Food Program), who has a project called "Rescue of traditional undervalued species of the Mexican diet and their contribution to the improvement of nutrition in Mexico. As a result of these works, says the researcher, the book "Quelites: Flavors and Knowledge from the Southeast of the State of Mexico" was created, with 53 recipes from 22 cooks, producers, buyers, and sellers of quelites in an Ozumba tianguis.
"The most important thing we can highlight about this is the nutritional contribution; it has been proven that (the quelites) contain fiber, vitamins, minerals, and certain phytochemicals that help preserve health," she says. As for their consumption, although it has decreased in the population of Mexico, José Antonio Vázquez Medina, research professor at the Center for Research and Training in Gastronomy of the Social Sciences Area of the University of the Cloister of Sor Juana, considers that the quelites have a future thanks to outreach work such as the aforementioned recipe book and their inclusion in haute cuisine.
"Now the flavor and organoleptic characteristics of the quelites themselves are beginning to stand out, that is, the texture, the freshness, the ease of mixing with other things (...) and if we look back at popular culture, the quelites appear in expressions such as quesadillas, tacos, and soups." Thus, the quelites, rather simply present in the diet of Mexicans, are once again gaining relevance, and it seems that they will assume the leading role that belongs to them.
Over the last five centuries, the diversity of species consumed as quelites has decreased by 55–90%. 15 species of quelites are currently consumed in the valley of Mexico, compared to 84 to 150 that were consumed in 1580. It is estimated that about 7, 000 species of plants are used in some way, whether for their medicinal, edible, or ornamental properties. The quelites occupy a prominent place.
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Facing the ‘December Dilemma’ of how to include winter holidays in the instructional day? This MiddleWeb resource offers a multi-faceted look at religious and non-religious aspects of the season, legal issues, and some ideas for seasonal lesson planning.
550 Search results
Kasey Short recommends offering middle schoolers YA novels with multiple narrators as a way to enrich opportunities for content instruction and SEL. They’re also really engaging and fun for kids to read. Included: sample questions and activities and lots of suggested titles.
Lauren Buell’s 8th grade ELA team works with students on a comprehensive unit that helps all participants develop speaking, listening, writing, reading and life skills as they prepare end-of-year TED-style talks. She shares the unit’s impact once students enter high school.
Explainer videos are challenging for multilingual learners because of the dense academic language, the rapid speaking pace and the large amount of content covered. Language specialist Tan Huynh shares strategies he uses to help MLs maximize the ‘learning gold’ videos offer.
This fall with some tweaks and fresh online tools and resources, Halloween can be fun and packed with learning. Check out MiddleWeb’s updated resource collection for ideas across the content areas.
With examples from all levels of education, The New Classroom Instruction That Works is a useful tool for beginning teachers and lifelong educators alike. Goodwin and Rouleau capture proven researched-based strategies for every classroom, writes teacher leader Hannah Mickey.
Once teachers see, value, and capitalize on a learner’s unique talents and strengths, it changes the student and it changes us, writes Regie Routman. “Possibilities override limitations. Pride of accomplishment replaces failure. Effort leads to excellence. Joy is present, the best gift of all.”
India is different from the U.S. in many ways, writes Fulbright teacher Marilyn Pryle, but many of the issues they are trying to address are global issues that all countries face. Here are three things India’s public schools often do better than their American counterparts.
Where there are challenges, there are also opportunities for creativity, novelty, and adventure to put a barricade between us and burnout. Stephanie Farley offers strategies to help teachers avoid or at least soften the sense of emotional exhaustion that leads to collapse.
Students in the middle grades think in polarities and will go to great lengths to avoid embarrassment, writes author and school counselor Phyllis Fagell. But with the right supports, they can learn to take risks – asking questions, joining discussions and learning more.
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In Jay Wamsted’s 8th grade math class he chooses to go right for the conversation on race and culture when the opportunity arises. “After all, why not try to know each other a little better?” Learning happens, he says, when students and teacher can be authentic with each other.
62 Search results
Be ready to share nonfiction graphic novels with your students this fall. ELA teacher Kasey Short outlines reasons such novels expand kids’ knowledge and appreciation of reading. She also provides questions to ask as kids approach the novels and includes suggested titles.
Teacher educator Curtis Chandler guides us through Global Pandemics, a “fantastic” free Chrome app that transports teachers and students back in time to the lives, choices, and dilemmas faced by individuals during some of the most severe plagues and pandemics in history.
Although the writing challenges Writing Workshop co-developer Shelley Harwayne designs aim to be rigorous, she tries to make sure there’s an element of joy attached. “When assignments are enticing and engaging, it becomes rather easy for students to do what they’re asked.”
Jennifer Ingold wants her history students to make the connection between primary-source research and preparation for informed and civil disagreements. Learn about her MLK historical scene investigation activity and a virtual Black History Symposium among students in NY and FL.
Anne Anderson has added read-alouds and other picture books to her calendar celebrations – an engaging collection of odd information, birthdays of the famous and not-so-famous, and lesser-known holidays. See the Fantastic Flying Books and other top picks for December, January and February!
Shifting our STEM teaching approach to align with current workforce needs means broadening our thinking about the design process, writes Anne Jolly. That includes helping students work together to build the skills of empathy and creativity that lead to innovative solutions.
Great lesson. Weak response. When it comes to full participation, middle schoolers are a tough audience. The solution is in our hands, says teacher educator Curtis Chandler, who shares strategies from research and many hours observing in the classrooms of effective teachers.
Discover solutions to common class and school challenges in Education Write Now, Volume III, which brings together the expertise of ten writers. It’s a perfect book for right now as teachers deal with extra stress and search for quick and effective solutions, writes Linda Biondi.
So much of our world is visual. Helping students learn how to “read” images and detect fakery and manipulation should be part of a 21st century education. Media literacy expert Frank Baker shares lots of ideas, insights and resources to get teachers and students started.
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STEM Newton's Laws Engineering Kit
This build-and-discover kit is designed to help kids learn the basics of classical mechanics in a playful way. Newton's Laws Engineering Kit helps builders transform potential energy to kinetic energy with eight working models including a ballistic catapult, a balloon-powered plane and a dragster car. Set includes 121 pieces with easy-to-follow illustrated building instructions, detailed explanations of the relevant scientific principles and experimental activities for hands-on learning.
Warning: Choking Hazard
Small parts. Not for children under 3 years.
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Roundup, a weed killer used by gardeners, landscapers, and farmers alike has been found to cause cancer. In 2015, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer announced its findings that glyphosate-based herbicides, the most popular of which is Roundup, are "probable" carcinogens. Roundup cancer includes non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia.
As nations around the globe issue Roundup cancer warnings and bans, Monsanto insists the product is safe. Critics say Monsanto officials have likely known of the Roundup cancer connection for decades. Department of Justice and FDA investigations have revealed Monsanto's role in fraudulent Roundup safety testing that produced falsified results. In 2015, Roundup and its companion products brought in a majority of the company's $15 billion in global sales. Plaintiffs in Monsanto Roundup lawsuits say the company chose profits over human life by concealing the Roundup cancer risk from consumers.
Roundup has been in wide use in home and commercial settings throughout the United States since the product was first released by Monsanto for sale in 1974. Believing it was safe, many Americans have inadvertently exposed themselves to the Roundup cancer risk at no fault of their own.
If you or a loved one has suffered from a cancer diagnosis following exposure to Roundup, you may be eligible to file a Roundup cancer lawsuit. Monsanto Roundup lawsuits will serve to secure needed compensation for families harmed by Roundup cancer. Filing a claim is also a means for individual consumers to demand Monsanto take responsibility for consumer safety. When profits are at stake, it often takes the threat of signification litigation to force a large corporation to become a better corporate citizen.
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Seeing concentrations of toxins with the naked eye
New test detects compounds for disease diagnostics, environmental monitoring
By Leah Burrows
November 2, 2022
Researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have developed a fast and cost-effective method to test liquids for a ubiquitous family of chemical compounds known as amphiphiles, which are used to detect diseases such as early-stage tuberculosis and cancer as well as to detect toxins in drugs, food, medical devices and water supplies.
The research was published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS).
Today's gold standard for testing for endotoxins, a common type of amphiphile that can contaminate water and can cause severe illness and death, requires the use of compounds only found in the blood of horseshoe crabs—making the process expensive and unsustainable. Cheaper alternatives are not nearly sensitive enough to detect amphiphiles at meaningful levels.
The new test, developed by Joanna Aizenberg, the Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials Science and Professor of Chemistry & Chemical Biology at SEAS, and Xiaoguang Wang, a former postdoctoral Fellow in Aizenberg lab and now an Assistant Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Ohio State University, uses rolling droplets on microstructured surfaces to detect amphiphiles at ultralow concentrations.
The research team demonstrated the technique to detect levels of pathogenic amphiphilic endotoxins in water, compounds that can be toxic even at extremely low concentrations.
The microstructured surface is made up of thousands of circular micropillars, evenly coated with self-assembled long-tailed molecules, creating a smooth, friction-free interface except for at the edges of the micropillars. Here, there are gaps in the coating—like molecular potholes. When a droplet rolls down the surface, if it has no amphiphile molecules, it will hit a pothole and stop, unable to overcome the friction of the disordered edge.
But a droplet with higher levels of amphiphiles will continue to roll because amphiphile molecules will co-assemble with long-tailed molecules and fill the gaps in the surface—like a road paver smoothing the surface of a road. In the case of endotoxins, as amphiphile molecules are deposited onto the surface, they connect with other amphiphile molecules in the droplet, building larger and larger compounds which eventually slow and stop the droplet. Where the droplet stops on the surface tells you how many potholes it has patched, and thus the concentration of amphiphiles.
"Our surfaces provide a rapid and portable method of detecting amphiphiles within droplets that you can see with your bare eyes," said Aizenberg. "No other methods allow detection at the low levels that we're seeing in our tests, without using expensive or sophisticated equipment."
The researchers also developed a model to predict how different amphiphile compounds at different concentrations would interact with the structured surface. By changing the size, shape and distance between pillars, as well as the molecular coating, the surface can be tuned to detect specific types of amphiphiles at specific concentrations.
"Our method is broadly applicable to any kind of amphiphile," said Wang. "With this general method, we are already detecting endotoxins at levels that are relevant for water quality testing, but the test can also be further optimized to detect even lower concentrations."
The research was co-authored by Yuxing Yao, Robert K. A. Bennett, Yang Xu, Adil M. Rather, Shucong Li, Tung Chun Cheung, Alisha Bhanji, Michael J. Kreder, and Dan Daniel.
It was supported the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Harvard University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center DMR-201154.
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Mississippi Valley State University's No Child Left Behind Program is improving teacher quality in the core academic subject of reading in the seven partnering school districts in the Central Delta of Mississippi. This is a scientific research-based institute with activities designed to conduct a NCLB Summer Reading Institute targeting thirty (30) in-service reading teachers. They will be provided with materials and guidance focusing on the best practices in reading, models of effective teaching skills, regular assessment of students' growth in reading, hands on learning activities, and use of technology in the classroom.
The goals of the project are:
- to expand knowledge of reading;
- to improve teaching skills to meet the needs of poor readers;
- to train teachers in the use of assessment to inform instruction;
- to enhance technology skills in reading classroom;
- to reinforce national and state reading standards such as standards from International Reading Association (IRA), National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), the Mississippi Language Arts Frameworks, and the Mississippi Reading Reform Model;
- to develop an interest in scientific research to be able to make an informed decision on what to teach and how to teach.
This year, the institute was held during the month of June. We had 16 participants and 7 different presenters.
Follow up sessions were held in February and March of 2011. To view a photo gallery of these meetings, click here. (to follow)
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Ham House’s Cabinet Secrets
Ham House is home to a rare collection of cabinets, which are opened twice a year for visitors to explore their unique artisanship during the Cabinet Secrets showcase. The collection of cabinets at Ham House includes examples of marquetry, lacquer and inlay, collected from countries including Japan, China, and the Netherlands as well as England.
Although cabinets and chests have been used since Roman times, in the 16th and 17th centuries they became valued as beautiful objects as well as objects of utility. They were status symbols that a wealthy family would aspire to own and display. As a result of this enthusiasm, the skill and technical expertise of cabinet makers reached new heights in the 17th century.
The collection of cabinets at Ham House includes examples of marquetry, lacquer and inlay, collected from countries including Japan, China, and the Netherlands as well as England.
Most (if not all) of the cabinets were collected by Elizabeth, Duchess of Lauderdale, whose signature authorised bills for payment to the craftspeople for their work. One example lists the many payments made to ‘Mr. Jensen Cabenett: Maker’.
Gerritt Jensen was one of the finest cabinet makers of the time. Most cabinets incorporated secret drawers and compartments, hidden to all but the owner, the maker, and trusted confidantes.
What were they used for?
Cabinets were not only practical objects used for storage. They were also objects of art, often decorated in elaborate marquetry or other decoration. Cabinets were used to display and share items such as shells, jewels, or relics, that the owner would show to their friends to demonstrate their taste and education. Owners might also use secret compartments to hide confidential documents or letters.
Why aren’t the cabinets always open?
These cabinets have always been objects to admire, opened only on occasion. By keeping the cabinets closed we keep the interiors protected from damage by light and pollution. The bright colours inside the cabinets show the difference that this careful management makes. Opening them only occasionally also protects the hinges from carrying too much weight, which would distort the structure of the cabinet over time.
Find out more about the history and creation of the cabinets around Ham House:
Ivory Cabinet (North Drawing Room)
Created around 1650-1660 in the Netherlands, this is the only known example of a cabinet completely veneered in ivory, both outside and inside.
Ivory was a rare and valuable material in the mid seventeenth century, and was in demand in Holland for the decoration of fine cabinet work.
The cabinet contains at least two secret drawers and a secret compartment. The geometrically-arranged and rippled veneer creates a three-dimensional, geometric effect.
Harpsichord (North Drawing Room)
Made around 1730 of unknown British origin, it takes its style from well-known 17th century Flemish keyboard instrument makers, Ruckers. Although it says ‘Ioannes Ruckers me fecit antverpiae’ (John Ruckers made me in Antwerp) inside the lid, it is considered to be an expert imitation. By the early to mid-eighteenth century, most grand houses would have had a harpsichord or similar small keyboard instrument. Ladies were advised to learn harpsichord rather than a wind instrument as it was thought better for their posture.
Pair of Lacquer Cabinets (Green Closet)
Lacquered and inlaid with mother of pearl, these Japanese cabinets show images of blossom, buildings, and mythical birds. They have stood in this room since the 17th century, when they were recorded in the 1677 inventory for Ham House. They were collected by Elizabeth Murray, Duchess of Lauderdale, who gathered a large collection of Asian furniture in the 1670s. At the time, Japan and China were admired for their civility and learning, and collecting such items was a powerful statement of taste and education.
Lacquer Cabinet (Long Gallery)
Dating to around 1650, Ham’s intricate Japanese lacquer cabinet has stood in the Long Gallery since 1679. Lacquer comes from the refined sap of the Chinese lacquer tree, or Toxicodendron vernicifluum. Up to 200 layers are applied to achieve the lustrous black finish seen inside the cabinet. Each layer takes at least two days to dry, so the whole production would take several years. The top of this cabinet was removed in the 18th century by renowned furniture maker George Nix, in order to create a table which now sits in the Duchess’s Bedchamber.
Walnut-veneered Cabinet (Long Gallery)
Like many of the cabinets at Ham House, this 1675 walnut-veneered has a secret compartment. Cabinet makers became skilled at creating intricate geometric patterns with thin cross-cut ovals of small diameter timber. This was known as oyster veneering, due to similarities in shape to oyster shells. Walnut is a versatile and strong wood that was used by many fashionable furniture makers at this time.
Marquetry Cabinet (Long Gallery)
Influenced by French furniture fashions, floral marquetry became highly popular in wealthy and royal circles in the late 17th century. Ham’s Cabinet of Floral Marquetry is an early and exceptional example, made by the acclaimed Anglo-Dutch cabinet maker Gerritt Jensen. Elizabeth and John, Duchess and Duke of Lauderdale, were among the earliest patrons of Jensen. They helped to popularise floral marquetry and Jensen’s work in England between 1672-1683, and this cabinet has been at Ham since that time.
If you look closely, you can see that every drawer and flower is subtly different. This demonstrates the quality of the piece since each design was made individually rather than cut from a consistent pattern. The three-dimensional effect is created by singeing the wood segments in hot sand.
Lacquer Cabinet (Queen’s Antechamber)
Unlike smooth lacquered cabinets, this is an example of Coromandel lacquer, created in around 1675. Coromandel lacquer is so named because it was shipped to Europe via the south-east Indian coast of Coromandel. It was often shipped in panels, and used to create furniture once it had arrived in Europe.
Here, an English maker constructed the cabinet with a number of Coromandel lacquer panels. If you look closely, you can see that it was not always considered important for the decorative scenes to line up or to be complete – or even sometimes to be the right way up.
Miniature cabinet (Queen’s Bedchamber)
Likely made in England around 1650, this miniature cabinet incorporates Chinese lacquer and japanned work. Smaller cabinets like these might have been used to store jewellery and other precious goods. The front doors depict two figures surrounded by flowers and foliage, and the inside is fitted with eight drawers decorated with flowering plants. In 17th century Europe, China was admired for its civility and learning. The collecting of Chinese and Japanese luxury goods was intended to display a person’s good taste and education.
Cabinet on Chest (Library Closet)
This cabinet is unusual at Ham, in that it consists of a cabinet seated on top of a lower chest. Veneered in walnut parquetry and created around 1700, its bracket feet are probably later replacements for original ‘bun’ feet, like those on most other cabinets at Ham House. The cut of the parquetry creates an attractive design effect on the front of the drawers, which appear to look like the heads of birds.
Cedar Writing Desk, or Escritoire (Library)
Set within the shelves of the Library, this cabinet so can be dated to 1672-4 when the library was constructed. The scent of cedar repels insects that might damage books, so it is an ideal material to use in a library. This desk was likely used by John Maitland, Duke of Lauderdale and Elizabeth’s second husband. He was Secretary of State for Scotland and one of the first Lords of Trade and Plantations, under King Charles II.
Writing box (Library)
This writing box dating around 1680 contains everything the discerning 17th century gentleman needed to keep up with his correspondence. It contains several compartments for writing materials, including drawers and ink wells. It may have been used by John Maitland, Duke of Lauderdale, Elizabeth’s second husband. The reddish wood, padouk, is an exotic wood similar to rosewood.
Scriptor (Duchess’s Private Closet)
The simple exterior of this 1675 piece conceals a striking interior. The dramatic coloured effect was created by incorporating the darker heartwood and the lighter sapwood into the veneered pattern. Cocus was one of the most favoured materials for making oyster-veneered cabinets in the 1660s and 1670s. An expensive wood, it could be used economically to create this effect because of the thinness of the veneer.
Strong Box (Duchess’ Private Closet)
This was recorded as a ‘box with an extraordinary Lock’ in the 1683 inventory, and is attributed to Gerritt Jensen and created in around 1675. The complex lock has 36 hasps, all of which release on the turn of the key. At a time when banking was in its infancy and before safe-deposit boxes existed, boxes like these were essential for the storage of money and jewellery. Tucked behind the visible drawers are a set of secret drawers, perfect for concealing hidden valuables or private letters.
Scriptor (White Closet)
Known as Elizabeth, Duchess of Lauderdale’s personal writing desk, the scriptor is covered in kingwood oysterwork veneer, made from thin slivers of wood cut obliquely across the branch to make the distinctive oval shape. The interior is veneered in rosewood. The silver mounts in the shape of grotesque masks may have been supplied by London silversmith Josias Iback, who was paid £10 in 1673 for his work.
Antwerp Cabinet (Withdrawing Room)
This ornate cabinet first appears on the Ham House inventory of 1677 as the ‘Cabinet done wt Tortus Schell’. The interior is mirrored and with a chequerboard black and white floor, reminiscent of the marble floor in the Great Hall.
This cabinet is notable for its display of a variety of costly materials such as tortoiseshell, marble and ivory. Tortoiseshell was mainly sourced from the hawksbill sea turtle. This is now a critically endangered species and the trade in tortoiseshell was banned in 2014. The pale beige stone is Italian pietra paesina, or ‘landscape stone’. It is a rare type of limestone which forms naturally, but appears as though it is a landscape painted by a human hand.
Table Cabinet (Duke’s Dressing Room)
The table cabinet in the Duke’s Dressing Room is one of several ‘Indian boxes’ listed in the 1670s inventories for Ham House. ‘Indian’ mostly referred to Chinese and Japanese objects, some of which were shipped to Europe via the Coromandel coast in south-east India. This designation illustrates the vague understanding of Asian geography in the late 17th century. This coast was a hub for several European trading powers in the late 17th century, including the Dutch East India Company (VOC). This was the largest trading company in Asia, and generated huge profits through colonial monopolies.
Ebony Cabinet (Duke’s Dressing Room)
Along with the ivory cabinet in the North Drawing Room, the ebony cabinet is an early example of a fully fitted interior, rather than simple shelves. At first glance, it appears that there are 34 small drawers inside, but many of these are in fact double width drawers. They would have been ideal for storing documents. Original inventories allow us to trace this piece of furniture through the centuries. Elizabeth, Duchess of Lauderdale, authorised a payment to a Dutch intermediary ‘Mistress v.d. Huva’ for a ‘cabinet of black ebonie’, and the 1677 inventory for Ham House records a ‘black Abinie Cabinet’ in the Long Gallery.
Strong Box (Duchess’ Bedchamber)
The heavy brass bandings on the 1675 strong box indicate that this piece was intended for security. Holes on the underside of the box allowed it to be attached to the floor of a carriage while travelling, for extra protection. The strongbox contains numerous hidden compartments, some no bigger than a match box, perfect for secretly storing jewels or letters. The outside is veneered in kingwood and the inside is veneered in rosewood.
Scriptor (Duke’s Closet)
The inventory for Ham House records this ‘Scritore of Walnut tree done with Silver’ as stood in ‘His Graces Closett’ in 1677. This writing desk of exceptional quality was made for this room for John Maitland, Duke of Lauderdale and Elizabeth’s second husband in around 1673. It is veneered in burr elm and has traces of silvering on the legs. The Duke also had a matching reclining ‘sleeping chair’ in this room.
Explore the well-preserved interiors of one of the grandest Stuart houses in England, created to impress in the 17th-century by the Duchess of Lauderdale and her husband the Duke.
Explore the formal gardens at Ham House, a celebration of the past with a modern sensibility. Enjoy a historic Kitchen Garden, recreated to provide food and cut flowers all year round.
Set in historic buildings, the Orangery Café and shop offer warm and inviting spaces to relax and treat yourself on your visit to Ham House and Garden.
Explore the rich history of Ham House on the banks of the River Thames near Richmond – a rare example of 17th-century life, treasures and architecture; hardly changed in 300 years.
Take a look behind the scenes and discover the work that goes into keeping this special place looking its best.
Thinking about volunteering at this special place? Here’s what you need to know.
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Best Treatment of Sarcoidosis is Through Herbs
A person is said to be healthy when he is free from all kinds of disease and each of his organs is working properly. Nowadays everybody wants to be fit and have a strong immunity to keep themselves free from all kinds of infection. Our immunity is responsible for fighting with a specific type of viral or bacterial infection. There is a condition when multiple organs of the body start to get affected called Sarcoidosis where the immunity instead of protecting starts to attack the body. It is also known as the Auto-immune disease.
What is Sarcoidosis?
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disorder where abnormal masses called granulomas consisting of inflammatory cells are formed in different organs. The commonly seen symptoms are inflammation of organs present in our body and mostly seen in organs like lymph glands and lungs.
- Incidence:- Out of 100,000, every 11 people is affected by Sarcoidosis.
- Age:- Mostly adults are affected between the ages of 20 to 40 years.
- Sex:- Women are mostly seen with the disorder as compared to Men.
- Races:- People who are African American are more prone to Sarcoidosis.
What are the Symptoms?
The signs and symptoms of the patient mostly depend on the affected organ. The symptoms gradually increase and take a long time to show the signs and symptoms.
Most Common Symptoms
The common symptoms seen are:
- Swelling in lymph nodes
- Joint pain is especially noted in the ankles.
- Weight loss.
Other symptoms seen according to the organs are:-
Skin: The symptoms may include:
- Rashes or bumps which are reddish-blue may appear on the ankles which are warm and painful to touch.
- Specific area of the skin becomes darker or lighter.
- Lesions may also appear especially seen on the nose, cheeks, and ear.
- Abnormal growth or nodules appear on the skin.
Eyes: When it affects the eye you might see:
- Vision becomes a little blurry
- Painful eyes
- Burning sensation with itching and dryness.
- Photophobia (sensitive to light)
Lungs: Symptoms seen in lungs are:
- Severe dry cough
- Pain in Chest
- Difficulty in breathing
Heart: Also known as Cardiac sarcoidosis and symptoms include:
- Dyspnea (Shortness of breath)
- Arrhythmia (Irregular heartbeat)
- Palpitation meaning rapid heartbeat
- Swelling due to the formation of excessive fluid
- Chest pain
- Heart attack can also be seen.
- Kidney failure affects the Kidney.
- Joint abnormalities when affecting the joint.
- Facial paralysis is seen in a patient with sarcoidosis in the nervous system.
What Causes Sarcoidosis?
The main cause of Sarcoidosis is still not known. There is some genetic predisposition which is responsible for developing the disease and which can also be triggered by bacteria, dust, chemicals, and viruses. These are some of the reasons which trigger the overreaction of the immune system and through this, the immune cells start to get inflamed leading to granulomas. The granulomas start to build upon the specific organ.
What Clinical Examinations can be Done?
The physical examination will be done along with the medical history to determine the cause for the development of Sarcoidosis.
Other diagnostic tests that can be done are:-
- Urine or blood test to know the all over functioning which will also determine the health of the Kidney and Liver.
- X-Ray of the Chest to look for heart or kidney.
- The pulmonary functioning test will help to measure the volume of the lung and the level of oxygen is being delivered to the blood.
- Electrocardiogram to look for problems in the heart and monitor the functioning of the heart.
- Examination of Eye to look for a vision problem.
- PET scans and MRI will help in looking for the condition of the heart and nervous system.
Treatment for Sarcoidosis
According to modern science there is no specific treatment for Sarcoidosis they will prescribe medications like corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, etc but these are not the proper solution for the problem. At last, it might lead to other problems which can lead to more complications.
According to Ayurveda auto-immune disorders are caused due to accumulation of endotoxins in the body. The collection of Ama (Toxins) in the circulatory system and lymphatic system results in an imbalance of the immune system. This disturbance makes the immune system very weak and results in the accumulation of antibodies in the organ forming a lump. Ayurveda provides excellent herbs that are useful in treating Sarcoidosis without even causing any other complications.
Herbal Remedies Provided by Planet Ayurveda
Planet Ayurveda provides their special Sarco Care Pack which is formulated with 100 percent pure herbs. All the herbal formulations are made under the supervision of an MD Ayurvedic Doctor which makes them safe to use. It is free from all kinds of chemicals, preservatives, and additives. Every medicine is clinically tested which makes it free from any kind of side-effect. Sarco Care Pack includes herbal medicines:-
1. Kanchnaar Guggul
Kanchnaar is a herb grown in India and is very useful in the swelling of lymph nodes. It is one of the best formulations which are especially given to the patient who has Sarcoidosis. It is also very effective in uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, tonsillitis, and adenoids.
Dosage:- Two capsules twice daily with plain water after meals.
2. Curcumin Capsules
It is made from the herb called Haridra (Curcuma longa) which belongs to the ginger family. This herb contains anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, digestive properties, and is also very useful in auto-immune disorders. It helps in eliminating ailments like joint pain, swelling of any part. It is also very effective in treating tumors as well as cancer.
Dosage:- One capsule twice daily with plain water after meals.
3. Aller-G Capsules
This herbal remedy is formulated with herbs like Neem (Azadirachta indica), shirish (Albizia lebbeck), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and many more. It contains both anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties which makes it useful in building immunity. It is useful in removing toxins from the body and relieving the entire physiological system.
Dosage:- Two capsules twice daily with water after meals.
4. Punarnava Mandur
It is the combination of herbs like Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa), Shunti (Zingiber officinale), Pippali (Piper longum), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), etc. It is a classical formulation that remove toxins from the blood and balance the levels of Urea and cholesterol. This is very useful in ailments like swelling in the eyes, glaucoma, fatty liver, edema which is what makes it very useful in Sarcoidosis.
Dosage:- Two tablets twice daily with water after meals.
Healthy Tips for People with Sarcoidosis
- Try to include a healthy diet in your daily lifestyle and maintain a good weight.
- Try to exercise daily or do yoga every day which will help in improving muscle strength.
- Avoid getting in contact with pollutants, dust, or chemicals.
- Do not smoke because it will affect the lungs making the condition worse.
- Avoid drinking alcohol or beverages that are high in caffeine
- Try to meditate every day to reduce stress or anxiety in your life.
- Eat foods that are rich in antioxidant and healthy fats like tomatoes, peppers, fish, nuts, etc.
- Include foods that are rich in calcium and magnesium.
- Try to drink an adequate amount of water every day.
- Avoid eating food that is rich in trans-fatty acid-like fried foods.
It would be concluded that all the information given above indicates that Sarcoidosis can be life-threatening and its effect can be long-lasting. Sarco Care Pack provided by Planet Ayurveda will help in the management of the disease and removing the root of the disease.
Latest posts by Dr. Vikram Chauhan (see all)
- Treatment of Sarcoidosis in Ayurveda with Herbal Remedies - November 20, 2023
- Vibhitaki/Baheda (Terminalia bellirica)- Benefits, Medicinal Uses, Dosage & More - November 18, 2023
- Chylous Ascites Causes Symptoms and Treatment in Ayurveda - October 4, 2023
- Treatment Of Schmidt’s Syndrome in Ayurveda With Herbal Remedies - October 3, 2023
- Treatment Of Epidermolysis Bullosa In Ayurveda With Herbal Remedies - September 30, 2023
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Bookkeepers and accountants are the same thing, right? Wrong. This blog explains the important differences between the two.
It is a common misconception that a bookkeeper and accountant are one and the same thing.
It is true that they both work with businesses of all shapes and sizes to provide invaluable professional services. Their tasks may overlap, and both can be a critical aspect of managing the financial aspect of your business.
What does a bookkeeper do?
A bookkeeper will be the person who maintains the organisation and the smooth running of day-to-day financial situation.
Instrumental in the day-to-day running of your business, a bookkeeper can;
- Process invoices, receipts, payments and other financial transactions
- Provide credit control – in other words, they can keep on eye on clients who have paid and chase those that haven’t
- Process and maintain the business payroll system
- Prepare initial financial statements
- Reconcile accounts and prepare what is known as ‘reconciliation reports’
- Pay the invoices owed by the business
Bookkeepers are the people who keep the finances of the business up to date and in order. The information they maintain is the financial information that your accountant will use to provide more detailed financial advice and support for a business.
What does an accountant do?
The accountant is the professional who will use the information the bookkeeper pulls together and analyses it. From this, they will produce reports and use it to give you in-depth financial advice.
They also have an in-depth understanding of the taxation system and requirements. There are changes in tax rules that can make understanding tax difficult. Accountants will often specialise in certain aspects of financial expertise, one of which can be tax.
Tax is often a major concern of business, especially as you grow and your tax liability increases.
Advisory and analytical in nature, the professional services provided by an accountant may include;
- Tax advice and planning
- Other financial services such as raising funds, investment and so on
- Auditing is also something you may require from an accountant
- Corporate planning and compliance
- Pension advice and planning
- General financial management advice
This is not an exhaustive list with different businesses needing different accountancy services.
Does a business need a bookkeeper and an accountant?
It depends on your own personal preference, as well as the size and complexity of the financial status of your business.
Larger businesses tend to employ a bookkeeper either as a salaried employee or on a freelance basis to keep the financial status of their business up to date. A bookkeeper can make a huge difference in how well organised a business is.
The simple but important tasks such as getting invoices out on time, tracking payments and paying of bills are essential for maintaining the cash flow of a business, effectively its lifeblood.
An accountant can be the professional who ‘saves’ money on your tax bill, ensuring that you meet tax obligations and responsibilities, but that you also maintain a healthy profit.
They are the people who have a deeper, analytical understanding of the financial nature of your business and can be instrumental in understanding the value of your business and driving it forward.
Both a bookkeeper and an accountant have their place in any business, which is why so many businesses across the UK rely on one, either or both.
What about qualifications?
Essentially, a bookkeeper and an accountant will hold different qualifications.
A bookkeeper can hold a basic qualification which essentially ensures that they can keep the books in the order that is laid down in the business financial rulebook.
Higher levels of bookkeeping qualifications mean that they can competently perform more tasks, producing more complex reports and so on.
An accountancy course can work in a similar way with some accountants choosing to build their expertise with courses and professional practice. As well as generic accountancy qualifications, an accountant will often specialise too. A chartered accountant is one who has followed the academic path to becoming an accountant.
Do a bookkeeper and accountant work together?
Yes, because the services of both bookkeeper and accountant dovetail neatly within a business with the accountant relying on the information produced by the bookkeeper to provide their services. In return, the bookkeeper will rely on the accountant for providing guidance on what financial information needs to be collected.
Neither is mandatory for a business, but most business owners would agree, they would be in a much poorer position if it wasn’t for the bookkeeper and the accountant.
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Military Relations between Russia and North Korea
The relationship between Russia and North Korea dates back to the period of the Cold War, when North Korea was an ally and dependant of the Soviet Union. Over the years, while North Korea has developed and strengthened its nuclear arsenal, its ties with Russia have endured. Today, Russia is one of North Korea’s few international partners and a major supplier of energy to the country. Russia has also taken an active role in talks and negotiations aimed to decrease the tension between North Korea and the West. So, it begs the question: would Russia defend North Korea in the event of a crisis?
To answer this, it is important to look first at the nature of the relationship between the two countries. While both countries share close ties and a common view of the world, their mutual ties are based primarily on economic rather than military ties. Russia largely views North Korea as a strategic asset, supplying Pyongyang with financial and energy aid in exchange for its loyalty. As a result, the level of military cooperation between the two nations is fairly minimal.
In addition, Moscow has repeatedly pushed for a diplomatic resolution to the conflict between North Korea and the West, in the hope that such negotiations could provide the security and stability necessary for the region. Thus, it is unlikely that Russia would risk the possibility of a full-blown war between North Korea and the West in order to intervene in the region. Moreover, Moscow is highly unlikely to risk its relationship with the other major powers in the region, such as China, by taking such a step.
Russia’s Foreign Policy with North Korea
However, while it is unlikely that Russia would intervene militarily to defend North Korea against its rivals, Moscow is likely to support the North Korean regime diplomatically. Russian foreign policy is characterized by a certain amount of flexibility, and often takes into account the political and economic interests of the countries involved. In the case of North Korea, Russia may provide support for the regime in international forums, particularly in negotiations concerning denuclearization.
Russia has also shown a willingness to engage in talks with North Korea, as evidenced by its role in the Six Party Talks in 2003 and 2009. During these negotiations, Russia advocated for the lifting of sanctions against North Korea and for peace and stability in the Korean Peninsula. In addition, Moscow also offered to mediate between North Korea and the West, and to provide assistance for Pyongyang’s economic development and integration into the regional economy.
North Korea’s Foreign Policy with Russia
On the other hand, North Korea has also shown a willingness to engage with Russia. North Korea has traditionally viewed Russia as a valuable political ally, and the two countries have participated in a number of bilateral negotiations, as well as joint military exercises, since the Cold War. North Korea’s willingness to engage with Russia is likely due to Moscow’s flexibility in foreign policy, and its unwillingness to take sides in disputes between countries.
Moreover, North Korea has sought Russia’s assistance in developing its economy, particularly in the energy sector. Moscow has provided assistance to Pyongyang in the past, and there has even been speculation that the two countries may join forces to develop a gas pipeline, which would be beneficial to both countries.
Stability, Security, and Economic Cooperation in the Region
Ultimately, while it is unlikely that Russia would come to North Korea’s defense militarily, both countries share an interest in maintaining peace, security and stability in the region. Russia has been an advocate of the Six Party Talks, and is likely to support any bilateral negotiations between North Korea and other countries, in which it could serve as a mediator.
In addition, both countries have also shown a willingness to cooperate on a range of economic issues, especially in the energy sector. This cooperation may be beneficial to both countries, as well as to the region, as it could provide much-needed stability and improved economic cooperation in the region.
North Korea’s Relationship with Other Nations
It is important to consider the relationship between North Korea and other nations when trying to answer the question of whether Russia would defend North Korea. North Korea’s relations with the United States and other Western countries have deteriorated over the years and the prospects of talks with these countries appear dim. On the other hand, North Korea’s relationship with China has been more cordial, although there are still tensions between the two.
Given the state of North Korea’s relations with the other major world powers, it is unlikely that the North Korean leadership would expect or even invite intervention from Russia. North Korea is unlikely to put itself at risk of catastrophic repercussions, especially if the other countries involved are unwilling to accept the possibility of such a move.
United Nations Sanctions against North Korea
The United Nations has imposed a range of economic sanctions on North Korea over the last several years in response to the regime’s nuclear ambitions. The sanctions have had a crippling effect on the economy, and have exacerbated the country’s existing humanitarian crisis. In light of this, it is highly unlikely that Russia would be willing to risk further economic penalties, or a possible military confrontation with the United Nations, in order to defend North Korea.
The Russian government has always maintained that the crisis in the Korean Peninsula should be resolved through dialogue and diplomacy, rather than through military conflict. As such, Moscow is unlikely to risk its relations with the other members of the United Nations in order to defend North Korea in the event of a crisis.
Implications of Interference in North Korea
Finally, it is also important to consider the potential implications of Russia intervening in the event of a crisis in North Korea. Russia has achieved a great deal of success over the last few years due to its commitment to regional stability and its desire to avoid direct military conflicts. As such, intervening in North Korea could damage its relations with other countries in the region and risk its hard-earned reputation as an advocate of peace and stability.
Moreover, intervening in North Korea could also cause serious damage to the country itself. Any attempt by Russia to intervene in the dispute could spark a conflict between North Korea and its rivals, which could lead to devastating consequences for the people of the Korean Peninsula.
Economic Costs for Russia
In addition, any military conflict between North Korea and its rivals could also have serious economic implications for Russia. The country’s economy is heavily reliant on its energy exports, and any disruption of these exports, caused by a conflict in the region, could have a significant impact on the country’s economic prospects. As such, involvement in any conflict in the region would likely be seen as too costly for the Russian government.
In conclusion, while Russia and North Korea have close economic ties and share a common worldview, it is highly unlikely that Russia would risk its relationship with the other major powers in the region or its reputation as an advocate of peace and stability in order to intervene in a crisis in North Korea.
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The China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA) made the announcement on July 14, making recommendations on how milk minerals and the bacteria species Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens subsp. kefiranofaciens could be used in foods.
Milk minerals are used as a source of calcium. In the announcement, the CFSA specified that milk minerals were made by the purification, filtration, and drying of whey protein.
In terms of dosage amount, it has proposed for the consumption of milk minerals to be limited at or less than 5g per day.
It also recommended that the milk minerals contain 4% to 11% of lactose, equal to or less than 7% of protein, 4% to 11% of lactose, and exists in the pH range of 6.4 to 7.5.
Milk minerals were first approved as a novel food raw material in 2009, and according to China’s regulatory consultancy firm CIRS, the latest announcement is focused on making new recommendation on the processing methods and its composition.
“According to our analysis, this could be a case similar to cordyceps, another ingredient which was approved as a novel food raw material in 2009.
“In year 2014, the National Health Commission (NHC) made a new announcement on its intention to change the dosage limits, quality requirements, and areas for use. The new announcement on milk minerals is most likely for making changes to the existing standards,” CIRS said.
At present, milk minerals are made by eliminating micronutrients such as protein, lactose in whey protein. The amount of protein that can exist in milk minerals should be equal or less than 5% and lactose within the range of 6% to 10%.
If passed, the new announcement will allow for a higher composition of protein and lactose.
The public consultation closes on August 14.
New bacteria species
The CFSA is also considering the approval of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens subsp. kefiranofaciens bacteria for use in food. The bacteria are isolated from kefir grains.
According to the Global Catalogue of Microorganisms, there are currently eight patented strains from this particular bacteria species and all are supported by research from Japan.
They can be used in probiotic and symbiotic products – a mixture of probiotic and prebiotic, and research has shown that some patented strains can provide benefits such as intestinal adherence, positive modulation of intestinal microflora.
These raw materials are not for use in infant foods and as such, products containing these materials should specify the precaution for use.
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SATURDAY April 13, 2019
There isn't single thing in Central Park that happened by chance. Every detail, every view, every vista was carefully thought out by the two original landscape architects - Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted. It’s impossible not to see beauty everywhere you turn walking through the park, and many artists before us have taken inspiration there.
Our focus this Saturday will be on the Bridges of Central Park. The bridges were a solution to one of the design problems. There were three types of roadways in the Park, walking paths, carriage paths and bridal paths. The three roadways twisted around the park and the bridges were designed to keep traffic flowing and to prevent the people, the carriages and the horse riders from intersecting one another. The park has 40 bridges and each one is completely unique.
Our sketch day will focus on three bridges located in the southernmost portion of the park and will include an example of the three types - brick, steel and stone.
WHERE and WHEN:
We will meet at the Columbus Circle Entrance at 10:00 AM. Look for people sketching. We’ll enter the park at about 10:15.
First stop Greyshot Arch:
Located in the park at about West 61-62 Streets: Greyshot Arch, popular with bikers and runners, was built by Vaux in 1860. The arch is made of white-gray gneiss, while its balustrade has been crafted from New Brunswick sandstone and decorated with fleur-de-lis carvings. One of the most frequently used arches in Central Park, this arch is 80 feet long and ten feet high. From 10:15 to 11:15
Second Stop - Pinebank Arch:
Located in the park at about W 62 Street. Pine Bank Arch is one of five of the original seven cast-iron bridges remaining in Central Park. The 80-foot span carries pedestrians over the bridle path 11 feet below. Built in 1861 by J.B. and W.W. Cornell Ironworks One of the parks' few remaining cast iron bridges. It was rescued from decline and lovingly restored in the 1980s. It was a bridge over the bridal path. A ball field was built in the 1930s and this portion of the bridal path was abandoned making the bridge more of an ornamental structure. Approximately from 11:15 to 12:15
LUNCH We will have a picnic lunch in the area near the Dairy. Your choices will be to buy food from the park vendors, or lunch at the dairy, leave the park to buy food or pack your own feast Approximately from 12:15 to 1:30
Third Stop - Gapstow Bridge:
Located in the park at about E 62 Street. Maybe the most iconic bridge in Central Park. It is so beautifully designed and so frequently drawn, painted and photographed that it is almost a visual cliche. It’s actually the second bridge built on this spot. The original bridge was a mix of wood and stone and supposedly was much more elaborate. It was replaced with the stone arched bridge in 1896. There are tremendous skyline views at this location. Brides come to be photographed there in their wedding dresses and the area is heavily frequented by tourists. There will be lots to sketch. Approximately 1:30 to 3:00 PM
Show and Tell: 3:00 PM. We'll find a place nearby to to share drawings, good stories and close out the day.
Note: Bring a stool if you own one. It give you more options.
If you can’t find us
call Mark at 973-809-9128
There are no fees or attendance taken. All drawing skill levels are welcome.
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Step 4 - Planning the experiment
|Designing the experiment|
|Listing what you need||Describe how you will use them. Make a diagram if you want.|
30 cress seeds cotton wool
3 dishes cling film
The pupils now plan the experimental procedure. It is very important to stress that only one of the variables can be changed during the experiment. As a result the variable being measured will, presumably, change. All other variables must be kept constant to ensure a fair test.
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Tissue lesions will result in the degradation of the extracellular environment
In a living tissue, cells are surrounded by an environment composed of a variety of constituents, called the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), that plays a key role in tissue homeostasis (i.e. the capacity of a living tissue to maintain its functional equilibrium). When the natural homeostasis functions, cells are constantly produced in order to balance the continuous cell death.
Heparan Sulfates (HS) are polysaccharides, or large sugars, that store and protect the communication peptides needed to control the process behind cell multiplication, repair and migration. HS are therefore central to maintain homeostasis. Furthermore HS attach to other ECM components such as collagen and hyaluronic acid, functioning as a structural scaffold around cells.
Following an injury, and as part of the natural tissue healing process, immune and inflammatory circulatory cells will aggregate at the site of the lesion and actively participate in the degradation process that precedes tissue repair releasing enzymes to destroy the ECM components including the HS.
Communication peptides are thus left unprotected and degrade.
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If you have a septic tank or sewage treatment plant, you may have noticed some changes during the COVID-19 lockdown. This is likely due to more people being in your home for more hours during the day. To help you during this period, we have developed this easy to follow blog with some issues which may occur and some suggested solutions.
An increase in the number of people within your home can cause a rise in organic loading into your sewage treatment plant. This is because a sewage treatment plant works by growing bacteria to feed upon the contaminants in the water, and the number of bacteria in a sewage treatment plant is linked to the amount of waste being put into it. An increase in waste can result in reduced functionality in the short term. This is normal and nothing to worry about.
What can you do? Unfortunately, there is not much you can do about this as we all need to use the toilet. However, it is only temporary and should return to normal functionality when we all return to our workplaces.
Using more cleaning products
As we are all very conscious of keeping things clean during the pandemic, and more people are at home, it is highly likely that more cleaning materials are being used and draining into your septic tank. An increase in cleaning materials can shock the bacteria, sometimes causing a biological “die off”. This can exacerbate the issue of having more biological loading (as detailed above).
What can you do? Try to use eco-friendly cleaning products, lessen the use of bleach, and spread out clothes washing through the week rather than trying to do several loads on one day.
Increased odour and grey coloured water
Some customers have called with concerns around an increased odour from their tank and a grey coloured water being discharged. This could be a short or a long-term problem. Therefore, we would recommend having your system serviced to help it work more efficiently.
How does servicing help?
There is no need to service your septic tank. However, if you have a sewage treatment plant, servicing it will ensure that the air blower is working efficiently and therefore maintaining proper oxygen levels in the treatment zone. A poorly performing air blower is just as bad as an overloaded septic tank. By regularly having your septic tank regularly serviced and maintained will help to increase its life cycle.
How does emptying help:
The main job of a septic tank is to hold back solids, which will fall to the bottom of the tank and build up as ‘sludge’ ; this needs to be removed at least once a year to prevent the sludge building up and flowing into the drainage field.
Sewage treatment plants
In most sewage treatment plants; solids enter the primary chamber where heavy solids settle to the bottom. The liquid then flows into the treatment zone to be treated. Keeping a regular emptying schedule at least once a year will prevent settled solids building up and entering the biozone (which will result in the plant being overloaded with organic waste).
How Owls Hall can help
During the lockdown, Owls Hall are able to provide their septic tank servicing and emptying service as well as their installation service. The emptying of septic tanks both commercial and domestic are an essential public service and we will continue to work as normal during the pandemic. If you require your septic tank emptied or serviced or have any concerns. Please do not hesitate to contact our service team, either via email, by telephoning us, or by completing our online form.
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Time to Make
45 minutes + drying time
Adult Supervision Needed
How to Make
- Take a purple plate and cover the front of it in light blue paint. Leave it to dry and add another coat of paint until it is fully covered. Leave to dry.
- Take a sheet of blue card and cut the edge into the shapes of waves. Stick it to the bottom half of the paper plate using double sided tape, leaving the bottom section untaped.
- Trim the bottom of the blue card so that it is in line with the plate. Then add another wave using the same method slightly lower than the first one. Making sure you leave a gap at the bottom.
- Cut a pirate ship shape out of a sheet of white card. Stick brown paper to the bottom section and Black paper to the sails.
- Use a brown felt tip pen to draw stripes onto the brown paper. Then use a gold deco pen to draw a stripe on the top edge of the boat, and also in between the two sails.
- Use a white deco pen to draw a skull and crossbones onto one of the black sails. Then use a black pen to draw three circles onto the boat.
- Stick two blue wooden sticks together using double sided tape, then stick the finished boat to the top of the sticks. Then gently slide the stick downwards underneath the waves and out the bottom of the gap in the paper.
If you want the waves to really stand out, try drawing a line with a blue pen along the top.
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Shipping Label important role in the logistics link
Abstract: This article will discuss the importance and role of shipping labels in logistics. As an indispensable identification tool in the transportation process, the shipping label carries cargo information, destination and logistics details, and plays a vital role in the transportation, delivery and tracking of goods. We will introduce the definition of shipping label, content elements, how to use it and its importance in modern logistics.
What is Shipping Label?
Shipping label, also known as shipping label, shipping label, is a label attached to a package, box or cargo to indicate the destination of the goods, receiver information and other relevant logistics details. Usually, the shipping label contains the sender information, receiver information, mailing address, shipping method, tracking number, etc. of the goods.
The main content elements of Shipping Label?
Sender's information: including the sender's name, address and contact information, used to mark the place of departure of the goods.
Recipient information: including the recipient's name, address and contact information, used to mark the destination of the goods.
Mailing address: Indicate the accurate mailing address of the goods to ensure that the goods can be delivered to the destination accurately.
Transportation method: Indicate the transportation method of the goods, such as land transportation, air transportation, sea transportation, etc.
Tracking number: the unique identification used to track the goods, you can check the transportation status of the goods through this number.
How to use Shipping Label?
Pasting location: The shipping label is usually pasted on the outside of the package or box to facilitate identification and handling by logistics personnel and courier company employees.
Protective measures: In order to prevent the shipping label from being damaged or falling off, it is recommended to clean the surface of the package or box before labeling, and use scotch tape to reinforce it.
Update in time: If there is any address or information change during the transportation process, be sure to update the shipping label in time to ensure the accurate transportation and delivery of the goods.
The importance of Shipping Label in modern logistics?
An important source of logistics information: shipping label is one of the main sources of logistics information. Through the information on the label, logistics personnel can accurately identify and handle goods, ensuring the efficient operation of logistics links.
The key connection in the transportation process: the shipping label is the key connection of the goods from the place of origin to the destination, providing accurate goals and guidance for the entire transportation process.
Fast tracking of goods: through the unique tracking number on the shipping label, express companies and logistics providers can quickly track the location and transportation status of the goods and provide more timely services.
Improve efficiency and accuracy: Proper use of shipping labels can improve logistics efficiency and accuracy, reduce the risk of lost and misplaced goods, and save time and resources.
The key to customer satisfaction: the shipping label directly affects the on-time delivery of goods and the accuracy of information, providing a key guarantee for customer satisfaction.
In the field of modern logistics, shipping label is an indispensable tool, carrying cargo information and logistics details. Through the correct use of shipping labels, logistics efficiency can be improved, goods can be delivered on time, and customer satisfaction can be improved. In an increasingly busy and complex logistics environment, the importance of shipping labels has become increasingly prominent and has become an indispensable role in modern logistics.
Post time: Aug-05-2023
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Conflict in Syria has displaced millions of citizens from their homes since protests against the al-Assad government began more than five years ago. An estimated 12.5 million Syrians are now displaced, amounting to about six-in-ten of the country’s 2011 midyear population – and up from less than 1 million in 2011, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of global refugee data.
The displacement of Syrians is unprecedented in recent history for a single country, our analysis of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) data found. For example, conflicts in Afghanistan during the Soviet incursion in the 1980s resulted in about half of the country’s population being displaced within or outside its borders. Less than a fifth of Iraq’s population was displaced when violence rose in 2007 and 2008. And more than 2.5 million Rwandans, or less than half of its population, were displaced during the 1994 genocide.
Previous estimates since 2014 have found that about half of Syria’s pre-conflict population had been displaced. That share has risen to about 60% as more than a million additional Syrians crossed international borders into neighboring countries like Turkey or left for more distant destinations in Europe.
Early in the conflict, displaced Syrians largely moved within Syria. In 2011, an estimated 600,000 Syrians, about 3% of the population at the time, were displaced within the country. By the end of 2012, after the civil war began in earnest, that number had grown to 3 million.
By the end of 2012, large numbers of displaced Syrians were living outside the country, including half a million in neighboring countries such as Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt. By the conclusion of 2013, the number of Syrians living in these countries and North Africa had grown more than fourfold to 2.3 million. In addition, the number of asylum seekers from Syria living in Europe had more than doubled to 79,000.
The number of displaced Syrians continued to grow in 2014 and 2015. By then a major migration shift had begun, with the number of displaced Syrians living outside the country growing more rapidly than the number displaced within the country’s borders. Indeed, between 2013 and mid-2016, the share of all displaced Syrians living outside their homeland has roughly doubled, from 27% to 47%. However, displaced Syrians within Syria are still the majority.
Western media have highlighted Syrian migration to Europe. Since the beginning of the Syrian conflict, the total number of Syrians applying for asylum in European Union countries, Norway and Switzerland has grown to more than 700,000 – nearly 10 times as many as in 2013. Including the 300,000 Syrians estimated by UNHCR to have applied for asylum in Serbia, the number seeking asylum in Europe totaled more than 1 million by the middle of 2016.
However, the number of Syrians displaced within the country and in neighboring nations is far larger than the number in Europe. As of mid-2016, about 4.8 million Syrian refugees live in neighboring countries, with nearly four-in-ten of the nation’s refugees residing in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt or Iraq. By comparison, about half of Syrian refugees have relocated within the country and less than one-in-ten now live in Europe. At the same time, the United States government has pledged to resettle 10,000 Syrian refugees by the end of fiscal 2016. Since the beginning of 2016, just 2,131 Syrian refugees have been resettled in the U.S., with more arriving since the beginning of May 2016 than in the previous year combined.
The estimates of total Syrian displacement are based on the most recent data from UNHCR’s Syria operation, UNHCR’s global data, the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Citizenship and Immigration Canada, the U.S. State Department and Eurostat, Europe’s statistical agency. It is possible that estimates of the number of displaced Syrians are high if, for example, refugees are counted twice when moving from one country to another. Estimates could also be low since the number of internally displaced persons is not known for some regions of Syria, and some refugees in neighboring countries may have not registered with the UNHCR.
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Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM)
Students enrolled in this course will demonstrate knowledge and skills of the process of design as it applies to engineering fields using multiple software applications and tools necessary to produce and present working drawings, solid model renderings, and prototypes. Students will use a variety of computer hardware and software applications to complete assignments and projects. Through implementation of the design process, students will transfer advanced academic skills to component designs. Additionally, students explore career opportunities in engineering, technology, and drafting and what is required to gain and maintain employment in these areas. This course teaches the basics of AutoCAD, 3dsMax, and other AutoDesk programs.
Prerequisite:Geometry or concurrent enrollment in Geometry. Successful completion of Intro to Engineering Design (IED) is recommended.
This course is part of the Project Lead The Way (PLTW.org) preengineering sequence. Applying the principles of physics to various technology systems and manufacturing processes helps students learn how engineers and technicians use science, technology, and math in an engineering problem solving process. Topics covered include: mechanisms and mechanical advantage, static forces and bridge design, material properties, energy and power generation, thermodynamics, kinematics, fluid power, and creation of Robot C language programs for robotics and machine control. Successful completion of both semesters of this course will receive science credit.
Prerequisite:Algebra II or concurrent enrollment; PLTW Principles of Engineering (POE) or
Introduction to Engineering Design (IED). Principles of Engineering is recommended.
Aerospace Engineering is the study of the engineering discipline which develops new technologies for use in aviation, defense systems, and space exploration. The course explores the evolution of flight, flight fundamentals, navigation and control, aerospace materials, propulsion, space travel, orbital mechanics, ergonomics, remotely operated systems and related careers. In addition the course presents alternative applications for aerospace engineering concepts. Students will analyze, design, and build aerospace systems. While implementing these designs, students will continually hone their interpersonal skills, creativity, and application of the design process. Students apply knowledge gained throughout the course in a final multi-media project to envision their future professional accomplishments.
Engineering Design & Developement
Prerequisite: PLTW Principles of Engineering or Engineering Design
This is the capstone course in the PLTW high school engineering program. It is an engineering research course in which students work in teams to design and develop an original solution to a valid open-ended technical problem by applying the engineering design process. The course applies and concurrently develops secondary level knowledge and skills in mathematics, science, and technology. Students will perform research to choose, validate, and justify a technical problem. After carefully defining the probelm, teams of students will design, build, and test their solution. Finally, student teams will present and defend their original solution to an outside panel.
Open doors to understanding electronics and foundations in circuit design. Digital electronics is the foundation of all modern electronic devices such as cellular phones, MP3 players, laptop computers, digital cameras, high-definition televisions, etc. Students learn the digital circuit design process to create circuits and present solutions that can improve people’s lives. Learn how advancements in foundational electronic components and digital circuit design processes have transformed the world around you. Digital electronics is the study of electronic circuits that are used to process and control digital signals. In contrast to analog electronics, where information is represented by a continuously varying voltage, digital signals are represented by two discrete voltages or logic levels. This distinction allows for greater signal speed and storage capabilities and has revolutionized the world of electronics. The major focus of the DE course is to expose students to the design process of combinational and sequential logic design, teamwork, communication methods, engineering standards, and technical documentation.
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Four people out of 22,000 in the vaccinated group developed Bell’s Palsy, about 0.02% of participants. This is consistent with the expected rate in the general population, and it’s not a strong enough correlation to prove any causal connection between the vaccine and the condition.
Many vaccine studies unearth correlations that end up not being causally related to the vaccine.
Social media has seen an uptick in anti-vaccination claims as the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus vaccine moves closer to emergency use in the U.S.
Some Facebook users amplified a single data point in an FDA briefing document on the vaccine: Four of the vaccinated trial participants in a clinical study developed Bell’s Palsy, a form of temporary facial paralysis.
The post features a screenshot of the FDA document and a photo of three people purported to have Bell’s Palsy. This photo does not actually depict people involved in the coronavirus vaccine trial. It dates back to at least 2019.
This post was flagged as part of Facebook’s efforts to combat false news and misinformation on its News Feed. (Read more about our partnership with Facebook.)
The post does contain some accurate information. Four people vaccinated with the coronavirus vaccine did develop Bell’s Palsy, according to the FDA, and the agency has recommended "surveillance" for cases of Bell’s Palsy as larger groups of people are vaccinated.
However, posts like these mislead by seeming to imply that the Pfizer vaccine caused Bell’s Palsy. So far, there’s no evidence of a direct link.
First, four people out of 22,000 in the vaccinated group developed Bell’s Palsy, about 0.02% of participants. According to the FDA, this is "consistent with the expected background rate in the general population" and there is "no clear basis upon which to conclude a causal relationship at this time."
Paul Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, told us that many vaccine studies unearth correlations that end up not being causally related to the vaccine.
"It’s the problem with taking small numbers out of a large database," said Offit, who was a member of the advisory panel of independent experts that recommended the FDA greenlight the vaccine for emergency use authorization.
As an example, Offit cited a clinical trial that tested the safety of heplisav-B, a hepatitis vaccine. According to Offit, researchers initially found that small numbers of heart attacks had occurred among vaccinated individuals while none had occurred in a placebo group. However, follow-up studies that looked at even larger numbers of people found no correlation between that vaccine and heart attacks.
What’s more, Offit said, the same study of heplisav-B found that some individuals in the placebo group were diagnosed with prostate cancer, while none were diagnosed in the vaccinated group. "You could conclude that the vaccine prevented prostate cancer because it was a statistically significant correlation, but that would be wrong," Offit said.
With the advisory committee’s recommendation in hand, the FDA is likely to authorize the vaccine for emergency-use, a special provision allowing the use of a product during a public health crisis before it is formally approved by the agency.
A vaccine granted an emergency use authorization differs from an FDA-approved vaccine in that for emergency authorization, "the totality of scientific evidence" must make it "reasonable to believe that the product may be effective." For official approval, vaccines must demonstrate "substantial evidence" of efficacy and proof of safety.
Vaccines that are granted an emergency use authorization still go through a rigorous review process, including all phases of clinical trials.
A Facebook post, Dec. 11, 2020
The Conversation, "What are emergency use authorizations, and do they guarantee that a vaccine or drug is safe?" Dec. 3, 2020
Food and Drug Administration, "CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21"
Food and Drug Administration, "Emergency Use Authorization of Medical Products and Related Authorities"
Food and Drug Administration, "Emergency Use Authorization for Vaccines Explained"
Food and Drug Administration, "Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting"
NBC, Pfizer's Covid-19 vaccine receives key FDA panel recommendation, Dec. 10, 2020
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You’re brushing your teeth twice a day like you’re supposed to do. You haven’t had any cavities in a long time. You even floss every day.
But when you look in the mirror, you notice your teeth are starting to look yellowish. You miss the bright white of your teeth when you were younger.
What gives? Why are your teeth becoming yellow even though you take care of them?
The truth is, there are several natural reasons your teeth can look yellowish as you age. At Portrait Dental, our expert team helps patients with this issue every week. Here’s what you need to know about keeping your teeth white.
What makes your teeth become yellow?
Let’s start with the middle of your teeth. Though it may not be as well-known as enamel, the majority of your tooth is made up of a substance called dentin that sits between enamel on the outside and pulp on the inside. Enamel is the hardest substance in the body, but dentin is even harder and denser than bone.
The color of dentin can vary, but it’s most commonly a pale yellow color. As you age, the outer layer of tooth enamel gradually becomes more and more transparent, revealing the dentin underneath, which causes your teeth to appear more and more yellow.
What else can cause your teeth to be yellow?
Your teeth can appear more yellow over time as well if you have a habit of eating or drinking substances that can stain your teeth, such as red wine, coffee, soda, and tomato sauce.
Smoking cigarettes and chewing tobacco can also turn your teeth yellow —- tobacco tends to stain whatever it touches. Some medications can lead to yellow teeth over time, and injury or trauma to a tooth can also cause discoloration.
How can you treat yellow teeth?
So, given all these causes of yellow teeth, are there any fixes to the problem? Of course!
First, make sure you don’t skip your regular cleanings at the dentist. These are vital for keeping your teeth clean, clear, and white.
At Portrait Dental, we offer a couple of options when it comes to brightening the color of your teeth. Our in-office teeth whitening procedure can make your smile up to eight shades whiter, or you may want to consider veneers, which are thin porcelain shells that bond to the front of your teeth. They match your natural teeth, they cover any stains or yellowing, and they’re highly resistant to staining themselves.
If your teeth are yellowing and you’re ready to do something about it, Dr. Minh Nguyen and the team at Portrait Dental are ready to help! Just contact our office by phone or with our online scheduler to set up an appointment, and you’ll be one step closer to sparkling teeth!
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Two ichthyologists from an Indian university have described a new species of loach from the rivers of Manipur in India.
The new species, Schistura reticulata, was described by Waikhom Vishwanath and Kongbrailatpam Nebeshwar in the journal Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters and is a member of the Balitoridae family.
The loach was discovered in the Maklang and Lokchao Rivers in Manipur, India.
The paper also redescribes Schistura chindwinica and discusses the identification of these members of the genus.
For more details see the paper: Vishwanath, W and K Nebeshwar (2004) - Schistura reticulata, a new species of balitorid loach from Manipur, India, with a redescription of S. chindwinica. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, Vol. 15, No. 4 323-330.
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Woodworm typically starts in a house when adult wood-boring beetles lay their eggs in the crevices and cracks of wooden surfaces, such as furniture, flooring, structural timbers, or wooden beams. When the eggs hatch, the larvae burrow into the wood and begin to feed on the cellulose fibers, which can lead to structural damage over time.
The larvae of wood-boring beetles prefer damp and humid environments, so wood that is exposed to moisture, such as leaks or condensation, is more susceptible to infestation.
In addition, wood that is left untreated or unfinished can also be more vulnerable to woodworm, as the protective coatings and finishes can prevent the eggs from hatching.
Woodworm can also be brought into a house through infested wooden items or furniture that are already infested. It’s important to inspect any wooden items that are brought into the house and to treat them if necessary.
If you suspect you may have a woodworm infestation, contact our team of woodworm specialists today on 0800 048 9488. We can undertake a woodworm survey of your property and suggest a suitable course of treatment.
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Add to basket or enquire
Criminal profiling is a valuable tool that can be used to help law enforcement catch criminals. By analyzing crime scenes and victimology, profilers can develop a psychological profile of the offender. This information can then be used to narrow the search for suspects and develop investigative strategies. The field of criminal profiling is relatively new, but it has already significantly impacted law enforcement. Profilers have been instrumental in solving some of the most notorious crimes in history, including the Zodiac Killer, the BTK Killer, and the Unabomber. If you are interested in a career in law enforcement or criminal justice, then criminal profiling is a valuable skill. This Criminal Profiling: Science, Logic and Metacognition course will provide you with the knowledge and skills you need to become a successful criminal profiler.
- Acquire a comprehensive understanding of the Criminal Justice System.
- Gain insight into crime classification and crime scene investigation.
- Develop aptitude in crime mapping and tactical crime analysis.
- Understand criminal psychology and its influence on behaviour.
- Apply technology in criminal intelligence analysis and cyber security.
- Forecast future criminal occurrences using research and statistical methods.
In the introductory module, you'll explore the fundamentals of crime analysis before delving into the intricacies of the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales. The Criminal Profiling: Science, Logic and Metacognition course progresses to cover crime classification, scene investigation and crime mapping, equipping you with vital skills in tactical crime analysis.
Modules focusing on Strategic and Administrative Crime Analysis, Criminal Behaviour and Psychology, and Financial and Environmental Criminology provide an enriched perspective on different facets of crime. The crux of the course Criminal Profiling: Science, Logic and Metacognition is a deep dive into the science of profiling criminals.
The concluding modules encapsulate technology's role in Criminal Intelligence Analysis, Research Method, Statistics in Crime Analysis, Policing and Cyber Security, and forecasting future occurrences, ensuring a rounded understanding of the field.
Who is this course for?
This course is specifically designed for those with a deep-rooted interest in crime and criminal justice mechanics. Whether you are a criminology student seeking to deepen your knowledge, a law enforcement officer wishing to enhance your investigative skills, or a psychologist wanting to understand criminal behaviour, this course will be valuable. Moreover, individuals working in sectors such as social work, forensics, legal practice, and even journalism, which require insights into the criminal world, will find this Criminal Profiling: Science, Logic and Metacognition course beneficial.
- Crime Analyst: £27K to £40K per year
- Forensic Psychologist: £31K to £48K per year
- Cyber Security Analyst: £32K to £52K per year
- Criminal Intelligence Officer: £29K to £44K per year
- Investigative Journalist: £25K to £41K per year
Questions and answers
Currently there are no Q&As for this course. Be the first to ask a question.
Certificate of completion - Digital certificate
Digital certificate - Included
Certificate of completion - Hard copy certificate
Hard copy certificate - £9.99
Inside the UK student have to pay an additional delivery fee of £10, whereas International students are required to pay an additional fee of £19.99 to receive a hard copy of the certificate delivered to their address.
Currently there are no reviews for this course. Be the first to leave a review.
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- 1. Exploit the epidemic to spread malware
- 2. Fake transaction of protective supplies such as face masks
- 3. Fake sellers of daily necessities
- 4. Fake donation requests
- 5. Your relatives are “infected”
- 6. Refund offered by hotels, travel agents or delivery services
- 7. Refund and rebooking of trains and airplanes
- 8. Fake preventive medicine that can improve immunity
- 9. Online loan fraud
- Take advantage of a VPN to protect yourself online
During the epidemic, individuals make contributions to the fight against coronavirus by staying at home. Of course, this could not be achieved without the help of the Internet. Many things can be done via the Internet, including taking classes, shopping, attending conference calls, etc. Although the Internet brings us convenience especially when we are stuck at home, it also helps cybercriminals carry out online frauds. Here we have listed 9 common online coronavirus scams for you. Pay attention to these scams while using the Internet.
1. Exploit the epidemic to spread malware
Cybercriminals induce people to click on links that contain malware. Then, it will secretly collect personal information and steal important data. For example, they may pretend to be medical experts or your company to send you safety tips on protecting you against coronavirus. In fact, the measure they provide is malware. If you click on the attachment to download safety tips, you will end up downloading malware to your device.
2. Fake transaction of protective supplies such as face masks
This kind of fraud occurs when protective supplies are sold out on reputable online shopping platforms. Fraudsters target consumers who are in need of face masks during the epidemic. They usually tell customers that protective supplies are in stock. But they never deliver goods to customers. As soon as the money arrives, they immediately run away with the money. Or they deliver low-quality goods to customers to make money off the epidemic.
3. Fake sellers of daily necessities
While stuck at home, all people have to buy some daily necessities such as food. Some sellers claim to deliver cheap goods to your house. So, you don’t have to go out to buy these necessities. However, fraudsters take advantage of this to disguise them as real sellers. They just get your money and run away.
4. Fake donation requests
Cybercriminals disguise themselves as legit charity organizations to raise funds online from the public. They fool people into believing they are collecting money to help fight the coronavirus. There are even fake official websites for hospitals in countries and regions that are severely affected by the coronavirus. Many victims are induced to donate money on these websites.
Thus, it is suggested that you make donations through reliable official channels. Pay attention to the individuals or organizations that initiated the donations. You should be wary of fake donations that defraud you.
5. Your relatives are “infected”
In some cases, they also pretended to be a staff member of a school or a company and asked you to remit the “hospitalization fee” because your son had a sudden fever and had been quarantined. Don’t believe it before you confirm it with your son.
6. Refund offered by hotels, travel agents or delivery services
The cancellation of travel contracts affected by the epidemic, refund of hotel deposits, compensation for delivery detention or cancellation of mailing can also be exploited to carry out frauds. They usually push false notifications to the victims and induce them to provide sensitive information such as bank details, stealing the balance of their bank cards.
7. Refund and rebooking of trains and airplanes
The scammer sends you a message that your flight or train has been canceled and you should call the attached phone number to cancel or rebook. Actually, you can’t reach the airline or railway company via the attached phone number. If you call the number as the message says, you will be asked to fill in your personal details through a link provided by the scammer to cancel or rebook tickets. Then, your personal information will end up in the wrong hand. The scammer will be able to cause bigger property losses to you.
Thus, when you receive a refund or change call or text message, you should call the customer service of the airline or railway for verification. And you can also go to the official website to determine whether the information is true. But you should make sure the official website is not a fake one.
8. Fake preventive medicine that can improve immunity
Fraudsters claim that those with weakened immune systems are more likely to get COVID-19 and they have preventive medicine that can improve immunity. They induce people to buy medicine through the link they provide. Once clicking on the link, you will need to provide personal information and bank details to complete the payment. At the same time, what you fill in through the link is collected by fraudsters to further compromise your privacy and cause damage to your property.
RitaVPN wants you to bear in mind that there is still no cure for COVID-19 and do not trust anyone who sells vaccines for the coronavirus disease. You should keep yourself informed of official news of the coronavirus disease.
9. Online loan fraud
During the epidemic, many people are in financial difficulties. Scammers take advantage of people’s anxiety to spread false loan information across the Internet. They aim to get prepaid interests, deposit, and so on from the victims. Please be aware of such kinds of frauds and ensure the safety of your personal property.
Take advantage of a VPN to protect yourself online
A virtual private network is helpful in hiding your IP address, preventing cybercriminals from spying on you, and encrypting your traffic data. As long as you connect to a reliable VPN like RitaVPN, you will be able to stay anonymous and safe from those online trackers. Watch out for the above-mentioned scams and make use of a VPN service!!!
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Preventive health care is a key component of a sustainable model of health care1,2. Preventive components of healthcare directives aid in reducing the incidence of chronic health conditions amongst populations3,4. Self-care refers to engagement with behaviours that promote health and wellness5, and may be a critical factor in preventing the onset of chronic disease6. Evidence suggests that engagement with self-care may increase an individual’s ability to preserve and manage their health5,6. It is anticipated that increasing engagement will also lead to improvements in an individual’s quality of life and wellbeing7.
Promotion of self-care is a key global public health priority, and there is a recognised need to promote engagement within remote communities who are geographically isolated8. For example, the findings of a systematic review by Brundisini et al., on access to healthcare in remotely located communities, highlight that geographical location and widespread scarcities of health services may impede on accessibility9. Thereby, it is imperative that remote inhabitants are self-reliant and are active participants in the management of chronic health conditions8,9.
The offshore workforce is a pertinent example of a population who live in a remote and hostile environment10. In the UK Continental Shelf, around 64 000 individuals are employed offshore, of which around 29 000 spend over 100 nights per year in an offshore location10. The nature of shift work offshore, in conjunction with the hazards often inherent in offshore environments, may have a significant adverse impact on offshore workers’ health and wellbeing11. It has been suggested that poor health within the workforce may increase absences from work and, also, increase the risk of medical evacuations (medevacs)12. Accordingly, promoting health and wellbeing within the workforce may be a key factor in mitigating early exit from the workforce due to health reasons and also in enhancing financial benefit13.
It is often assumed that, because the offshore workforce are medically screened, personnel experience optimal health14. However, a recent narrative review on offshore workers’ health and wellbeing identified concerns over a number of domains. The findings of that review emphasised a number of limitations particularly in relation to the current evidence-base being outdated and restricted in the coverage of key health domains15.
Consequently, there is a unique opportunity to develop an up-to-date, comprehensive assessment of health, quality of life and mental wellbeing in the offshore workforce. Further, due to the increasing focus on preventive healthcare, particularly in remote communities, an exploration of self-care within the offshore workforce is warranted. This article describes the outcome of an epidemiological survey, the aim of which was to (i) assess offshore workers’ health, self-care, quality of life and mental wellbeing status and (ii) identify associated areas requiring behaviour change.
An electronic cross-sectional, epidemiological survey was used to determine the health status, quality of life and mental wellbeing, and self-care status of offshore workers. A pilot study (n=9) was initially conducted to assess the feasibility of the proposed recruitment strategy. Power size calculations were performed for a one-way fixed effects, omnibus ANOVA, using a medium effect size (0.25), α=0.05 and power=0.95. The results obtained from using G Power V software v3.1.7 (http://www.gpower.hhu.de/en.html) suggested a sample size of approximately n=324.
In an effort to ensure face and content validity, the authors invited eight experts in health services research, offshore health and self-care to participate in an expert panel review of the questionnaire. The final version of the survey contained a number of validated tools (outlined in Appendix I) in order to support the assessment, which pertained to either evaluating health status or self-care. Due to the absence of a universal measure of self-care, the seven pillar self-care framework, developed by Webber, et al6, in combination with extant literature on health in offshore workers, provided the basis for the development of a measure tailored to reflect particular features of this specific population.
Health status: Self-reported data on participants’ height and weight were collected and permitted calculation of body mass index (BMI). Participants were asked if they had been diagnosed with a long term health condition, took medication for a long term health condition, and how many medications they took for a long term health condition. Participants were also asked questions relating to work absences and medevacs.
Quality of life and mental wellbeing: Two validated measures were used to determine the health status of the population. The measures assessed participants’ quality of life (Short Form Health Survey 8 (SF-8)) in terms of their physical (Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)) and mental functioning (MCS survey)16 and mental wellbeing (Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS))17. The rationale for their inclusion was informed by the extant literature18-20 on offshore health, which has emphasised their respective importance. The measures and scoring procedures are outlined in Appendix I.
Self-care domains: Seven validated behavioural measures were used to assess offshore workers’ engagement in self-care (Appendix I). Measures of self-care were selected in accordance with the offshore health literature and Weber, et al’s seven pillar framework, which proposes the following as key domains: health literacy; self-awareness of physical and mental condition; physical activity; healthy eating; risk avoidance or mitigation; good hygiene; and rational and responsible use of products, services, diagnostics and medicines6
The following aspects of self-care were evaluated: alcohol use (Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST))21; drug use (Single Question Drug Use Screening Test (SQDUST))22; sleep quality (Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale-2 (PIRS-2))23, fruit and vegetable consumption (food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) element of the 5-a-day community evaluation tool)24; mindfulness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)25, physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ))26 and smoking (Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS))27.
Offshore workers attending the Further Offshore Emergency Training (FOET) course (n=776) at an operational training facility in Aberdeen, Scotland, were recruited on a daily basis by the researcher, over a period of 16 weeks (October 2014 to March 2015). The FOET operated daily from Monday to Friday with a maximum number of 16 attendees. It is a one day refresher course, which requires successful completion every 4 years to enable offshore workers to maintain their certification to work offshore in the UK Continental Shelf. Only those with prior experience of working in an offshore environment, and who were employed in a position that required overnight stays in an offshore environment, were recruited.
Delegates attending the FOET were informed by the trainer that the researcher would be providing a brief of a survey. The researcher orally presented details of the survey in accordance with a standardised script to ensure consistency. Interested delegates were asked to complete a paper contact form with details of their name and email address. Email invitations, including a link to the online questionnaire, were sent out within a 24-hour period. Recipients were asked to complete the questionnaire by the deadline date set for two weeks from the point of contact. All participants were provided with the opportunity to complete the form anonymously to minimise non-response bias28. Each respondent was sent two reminder emails at fortnightly intervals. Participants were provided with the opportunity to be entered into a prize draw for a £50 retail voucher.
The epidemiological data were analysed using the Statistical Analysis Software Package v18 (IBM; http://www-03.ibm.com/software/products/en/spss-statistics). Descriptive statistics were used to report demographics, employment, health status, quality of life and mental wellbeing, and self-care. Means and standard deviations were used where distributions were normal, and medians and interquartile ranges when the distribution was skewed. Mann–Whitney U-tests were used to determine associations between quality of life and mental wellbeing variables and self-care domains. P-values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Ethical approval was granted by the University School Research Ethics Committee on 17 May 2014. The training site granted approval to access FOET delegates.
Of the 776 delegates who attended the FOET course, 657 provided contact details (84.7% response rate), of whom 352 completed the questionnaire (45.4% completion rate). Participants were aged 22–64 years (mean=42.9, standard deviation=10.1), and most were male (n=335, 96.3%) and either married or in a civil partnership (n=258, 74.1%).
Participants’ BMI values (n=317) ranged from 17.7 to 40.6, with a median value of 27.5 (interquartile range (IQR)=4.9). Almost three-quarters of participants were classified as either ‘overweight’ (n=162, 51.1%) or ‘obese’ (n=74, 23.3%). One respondent was ‘underweight’ (n=1, 0.3%), and the remainder were within a healthy weight range (n=80, 25.2%). Fifty-two (14.8%) participants (n=352) reported that they had been diagnosed with a long term health condition. Of the 50 participants who disclosed having at least one long term condition, 80% (n=40) reported taking medication for their illness(es). The number of medicines taken for each long term health condition ranged from 0 to 5.
Quality of life and mental wellbeing
Median scores for the SF-8 quality of life measure were 56.1 (IQR=4.9) for the PCS (n=338) and 54.7 (IQR=8.1) for the MCS (n=342). Both scores exceeded the norm-based score of 50.0 advocated by the SF-8 developers and were representative of greater physical and mental quality of life. Participants’ mental wellbeing scores (n=326), as determined by the WEMWBS, ranged from 19.0 to 70.0 (out of a possible 14.0 to 70.0) with a median value of 52.0 (IQR=9.0).
As outlined in Table 1, FAST scores (n=350) indicated that over 50% (n=187, 53.4%) of participants were deemed to be at risk of ‘harmful/hazardous’ alcohol use (score≥3). SQDUST scores (n=345) demonstrated that the majority of the sample did not report using recreational drugs over the previous 12 months (n=327, 94.8%). PIRS-2 scores (n=342) suggested that most participants (n=229, 67.0%) suffered poor sleep quality (score ≥2).
The results from the FFQ (n=348) showed that the majority of participants adhered to 5-a-day fruit and vegetable guidelines (n=191, 54.9%). MAAS scores (n=317) ranged from 1.7 to 6 (possible range 1.0 to 6.0), with a median value of 4.5 (IQR=1.10). Of the 352 participants who completed the IPAQ, around two-thirds (n=249, 70.7%) achieved the 150 minutes/75 minutes of moderate/vigorous activity guidelines. The median value was 56.00 (IQR=9.00). The findings from the GATS (n=352) suggested that the majority were non-smokers (n=195, 55.4%).
Participants’ individual scores across each self-care domain were categorised as either ‘positive’ or ‘negative’. Table 2 describes the parameters used to categorise domains. Positive self-care domains were identified for the majority in respect of fruit and vegetable intake (n=191, 54.9%), drug use (n=327, 94.8%), physical activity (n=249, 70.7%), smoking (n=282, 80.1%) and mindfulness (n=160, 50.5%). Conversely, negative self-care domains identified by the largest proportion of participants pertained to alcohol use (n=187, 53.4%) and sleep quality (n=229, 67.0%) (Table 3). The median number of self-care domains across which offshore workers (n=275) scored negatively was 3 (IQR=2.0).
Self-care domains associated with quality of life (PCS and MCS) and mental wellbeing (WEMWBS)
A number of significant associations were observed between self-care domains and quality of life, and mental wellbeing (Table 4).
Those classified as having ‘positive’ scores in respect of mindfulness (U=4558.00, p≤0.001), physical activity (U=9265.50, p=0.05) and sleep quality (U=6768.00, p≤0.001) experienced more positive mental wellbeing (WEMWBS) than those who scored negatively across these domains. Similarly, hazardous alcohol users reported poorer mental wellbeing (WEMWBS) than non-hazardous users (U=11391.00, p=0.04).
In addition, those categorised with positive mindfulness (U=9870.50, p<0.02) and sleep quality (U=10270.00, p=0.05) scores experienced greater physical quality of life (PCS) than those scoring negatively.
Moreover, participants who were classified as having positive scores across mindfulness (U=7515.50, p≤0.001), sleep quality (U=8272.00, p≤0.001) and drug use (U=1747.00, p=0.03) domains experienced greater mental quality of life (MCS) than those who scored negatively. Hazardous alcohol users reported poorer mental quality of life (MCS) than non-hazardous users (U=11026.00, p≤0.001).
Main findings of the survey
This cross-sectional, epidemiological survey has furthered understanding of the health, self-care, quality of life and mental wellbeing status of offshore workers by identifying key areas pertaining to health and self-care status that may benefit from behaviour change.
These key areas included overweight/obesity, hazardous/harmful alcohol use and poor sleep quality. Furthermore, most offshore workers’ scored negatively across multiple self-care domains. However, as demonstrated by the distribution of scores, participants were also identified as having positive health across a number of domains including quality of life, mental wellbeing, adherence to 5-a-day fruit and vegetable guidelines, physical activity, smoking, drug use and mindfulness.
A number of significant associations between self-care variables and quality of life and mental wellbeing were observed. For example, poorer mental wellbeing was associated with hazardous alcohol use, poorer sleep quality, decreased physical activity and decreased mindfulness. Similarly, decreased mindfulness and poorer sleep quality were associated with poorer physical quality of life. Moreover, decreased mental quality of life was associated with hazardous alcohol use, drug use, poorer sleep quality and decreased mindfulness.
Key concerns pertaining to offshore workers’ health status were identified, in particular overweight/obesity. The proportion of offshore workers with a BMI in the ‘overweight’ or ‘obese’ categories was similar to those reported in a recent publication29, but higher than historical estimates14,30. This may suggest an increasing prevalence of obesity within the workforce.
Moreover, a number of self-care domains indicated cause for concern within the sample of offshore workers, including the hazardous or harmful use of alcohol and poor quality of sleep. Heavy alcohol consumption has previously been reported within the offshore workforce14,31. Relatedly, shift work disorder, characterised by sleep disturbance, has been reported previously in offshore workers and has been associated with subjective health complaints, pseudo-neurological issues and gastric problems32. For many offshore workers, shift work, involving both day and night shift, is a requisite of employment33, which may pose a challenge in addressing poor sleep quality within the workforce.
The domains identified as positive are perhaps unsurprising due to the nature of offshore work. For example, it may be anticipated that because offshore workers are fitness-screened they would exhibit high levels of psychological and physical wellness. Similarly, the low prevalence of drug use may be expected due to the random drug testing that offshore workers are subjected to.
The results pertaining to physical activity, 5-a-day fruit and vegetable consumption and smoking domains should be interpreted with caution. For example, the findings suggested a comparatively higher level of physical activity than has been previously estimated in the offshore workforce30. However, there were still a large percentage of participants who were not achieving moderate to vigorous physical activity guidelines. Hence, increasing engagement in physical activity may still be a key issue within this remote population. Similarly, the prevalence of smoking was decidedly lower than historical estimates30 and more recent ones29. Whilst smoking was regarded as a positive aspect of self-care in this survey, the majority were categorised as ‘ex/non-smokers’, so any prevalence should be regarded as a risk. Thus, it would be remiss to exclude it is a behaviour that did not warrant attention.
Further, whilst adherence to 5-a-day fruit and vegetable guidelines was regarded as positive within the population, a large proportion of offshore workers did not achieve consumption targets. This reflects findings from the extant literature highlighting the pervasiveness of unhealthy eating habits amongst offshore workers14,30.
The majority of participants scored negatively across a number of self-care domains, which suggests that individuals have multiple aspects that may require behaviour change. It has been acknowledged that engagement in multiple unhealthy behaviours increases the incidence of chronic health conditions and likelihood of premature death34. Furthermore, the likelihood of chronic conditions increases in accordance with age and as evidenced by the findings of this study and the extant literature. Given the age range of offshore workers, a number of personnel may be at increased risk of developing long term health issues10. The management of chronic conditions within the offshore workforce represents a significant global endeavour for both remote healthcare practitioners and offshore workers35. Hence, reducing engagement across multiple domains may be of paramount importance in this remote population.
Strengths and limitations of the survey
This research has addressed the paucity of literature around aspects of health, self-care, quality of life and mental wellbeing amongst the offshore workforce. The recruitment procedures adopted were a key strength of the survey: the researcher was granted access to a training facility that had a large daily footfall of offshore workers who represented a broad demography in terms of age and occupational status. Whilst there may have been a bias in response between those who participated and those who did not, due to the nature of approved recruitment procedures it was not possible to obtain data on the latter. However, the demographic profile of participants was relatively similar to those published in a recent workforce report in terms of age (40.8 years) and gender (3.6% female)10. Further, the power of the analysis was enhanced by the size of the sample, which aligned to previously published literature on health in offshore workers29. Moreover, the sample size (n=352) exceeded the sample size results obtained from G Power V software (n=324) and, hence, would be considered appropriate in terms of the data analysis conducted. The oversampling was conducted in an effort to overcome non-participation associated with completion of online surveys. For example, meta-analyses of response rates to online surveys estimate a rate of between 34% and 39.6% 36,37. Self-report data collected in this survey may have been vulnerable to recall, reporting and response style bias28. In an effort to minimise potential for such bias, the survey utilised a range of standardised measures previously demonstrated to have validity and reliability in evaluating the key concepts.
Implications for remote health
Despite investment in health promotion and surveillance in the oil and gas industry14, the key findings from the survey highlight the predominantly poor health status of those working in remote offshore locations across multiple domains. Although specific causal mechanisms cannot be determined by virtue of the cross-sectional design of this epidemiological survey, these key findings would intuitively suggest that improvement may be attained by the implementation of a self-care intervention – in particular, one that encompasses multiple behaviours, has a strong theoretical underpinning38 and utilises a range of techniques known to facilitate behaviour change39. Encouraging offshore workers to take ownership of their own health may have a positive impact on their overall health status and reduce the likelihood of medevacs. Whilst the findings of this study are specific to the offshore workforce, they highlight the importance of promoting self-care in other remote and rural occupational populations whose access to health care is also limited.
Maintaining and improving the health of employees working in offshore environments may be a crucial component in maximising economic opportunity, ensuring the longevity of the workforce and reducing the occurrence of critical medical incidents. The findings from this research demonstrate that the offshore workforce may benefit from implementation of a self-care intervention that targets multiple behaviours. It is advised that intervention development is underpinned by behaviour change theory to ensure effectiveness.
Thanks is owed to the following organisations and individuals for their invaluable contribution to the survey: Institute of Health and Wellbeing PhD Studentship, Robert Gordon University; Petrofac Training Services, Aberdeen; Dr Hector Williams, Robert Gordon University; Professor Graham Furnace, Robert Gordon University, Oil and Gas UK; Professor James Ferguson, Robert Gordon University, NHS Grampian; and study participants.
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Australia is filled with so many animals that I have never seen or heard in the wild. The laughing sound of a Kookaburra is amazing. Their noisy laughing call is one of the best known bird sounds in Australia. A mix of cackling ‘laughter’, chuckles and hoots, this famous sound is most often heard at dawn and dusk. Often given in chorus as a pair or family group, the laughing call is often given in response to neighboring group, evidently to establish territory boundaries. They make a range of other sounds including soft, croaky calls and loud bill snaps in defense. Not having a long enough lens, I couldn't photograph any, but their sounds were fantastic to hear, and sometimes deafening. You can search on the internet to find how they sound. It's worth it.
Visiting the Koala Conservation Centre on Phillip island was such a treat. According to their sign, koalas are under a significant threat from habitat loss, road mortality, they don't move very fast, dog attacks and a infection called chlamydia, which is a disease that even treated with antibiotics only 50% survive. Even so the main threat is habitat destruction. The population of koalas over the last 200 years has plummeted by approximately 90%. As of 2022 they have been listed as an endangered species. Koalas live in the aromatic eucalyptus forests, and most of the time in the very top. We were lucky enough to see them fairly at eye level due to the risers of the Conservation Centre.
Koalas have large round heads, big furry ears and a big black nose. Their fur is usually a grey-brown color with white fur on their chest, ears, inner arms and bottom. Queensland koalas are smaller than the ones we saw in Victoria. This male probably weighed close to 26 pounds. They have poor eyesight, but an excellent nose for smelling predators. I almost walked out of the gift store with a huge stuffed toy koala, because they are so cute. I decided my multitude of photographs were good enough!
The larger koala is a male, the smaller one is a much younger female, that did not want any sexual advances from the older male koala!
Located 90 minutes from Melbourne, but I would suggest staying on Phillip Island to not only see the koalas, but experience the Penguin Parade...can't take any photos there to protect the penguins, but it is an awesome experience.
The last photo is of the female we saw walking by us as we stood on the elevated, treetop boardwalks through the Australian bushland. What a treat!
All photographs taken with a Nikon Z6II and either a Z S 24-120mm or a Z 24-200mm lens. It's cheap and lightweight!
Detroit People & Commercial Photographer
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Developing a physiological test for diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD), one that measures certain components in the blood, has the potential to be a paradigm shift for diagnosing ASD. However, the large heterogeneity of how ASD affects individuals has long been viewed as a key obstacle to the development of such a test.
Research conducted at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and published online today in the journal Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, represents a significant step toward addressing this challenge.
The research, led by Juergen Hahn, the head of the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Rensselaer, builds upon his team's previous discoveries, including the development of a physiological test for autism.
That physiological test relies on an algorithm that analyzes measurements of metabolites in a blood sample to predict whether or not a person has an ASD diagnosis.
Hahn and his team sought to assess the strength of their algorithm even further, by testing it with data collected from children with ASD who also have one or more other condition -- so called co-occurring conditions -- like allergies or gastrointestinal symptoms.
"We wanted to see if the results from our previous analysis still hold up even in the presence or absence of a number of co-occurring conditions," said Hahn, who is also a member of the Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies at Rensselaer. "We found that, for the conditions that we looked at, the accuracy of the prediction results was only minimally affected by the presence of co-occurring conditions."
The model, according to the research, was able to successfully identify 124 of 131 children with ASD -- 94.7% -- regardless of whether or not the child also had a co-occurring condition. In general, Hahn said, the algorithm actually worked slightly better when a co-occurring condition was present. The reason for that finding, he said, needs to be examined further.
Hahn's big data approach to uncovering new insights about autism has also been used to examine the effectiveness of possible treatments, and the idea that ASD -- although extremely heterogonous -- may have some subgroups.
He and his team use depersonalized medical data to perform these analyses, and continue to dig deeper into their model and its abilities as more data becomes available.
"This was a question we definitely had to answer as many individuals with ASD have one or more co-occurring condition," Hahn said. "These findings will also guide some of our future research."
Cite This Page:
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A small set of brain cells that transmit the chemical messenger dopamine to various neural destinations works as an uncertainty meter, at least in monkeys, a new study finds. The electrical activity of these cells rises sharply when monkeys find themselves unable to predict whether a familiar visual signal heralds a food reward, say Christopher D. Fiorillo of the University of Fribourg in Switzerland, and his coworkers.
This brain response may stimulate risky, exploratory acts in natural settings where such behaviors can reap big rewards, Fiorillo’s group theorizes. In people, they add, it may also contribute to the allure of gambling.
Electrodes implanted in the brains of two adult monkeys tracked electrical responses of 188 dopamine-making neurons in an area called the midbrain. Over a series of trials, the monkeys learned to associate each of five distinctive visual patterns shown for 2 seconds on a computer screen and the probability of receiving a taste of syrup from a dropper. Specific patterns were accompanied by a dose of syrup either in all, three-quarters, half, one-quarter, or none of the presentations.
After training, dopamine neurons displayed peak electrical activity as monkeys viewed the most unpredictable pattern, which denoted a 50-50 chance of reward, the scientists report in the March 21 Science. Smaller surges in neuron activity occurred in response to patterns that predicted a reward three-quarters and one-quarter of the time. Dopamine neurons showed no response to patterns that signified certain reward or denial.
If you have a comment on this article that you would like considered for publication in Science News, send it to [email protected]. Please include your name and location.
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Known for its dairy products, beer and cold winters, the Midwestern state of Wisconsin seems to be an unlikely place for nurturing houses of worship devoted to Hinduism and Jainism, two of the world’s most ancient religions.
As it turns out, however, one small town in America’s Dairyland—Pewaukee—is home to four expansive Hindu and Jain temples, including two that have the distinction of being the first of their kind in the state.
Those pioneering houses of worship stand on 22 acres of hilly land that were in “the middle of nowhere” when the Hindu and Jain temples were built in 2001, Sarvesh Geddam, the secretary of the two congregations, told Religion News Service in a September 9 article.
Today, the temples stand against the backdrop of a vast commercial landscape in Milwaukee’s far-west suburbs, an area dotted with fast food restaurants and military surplus warehouses.
Over the years, two more Hindu temples were built in Pewaukee—one devoted to Shirdi Sai Baba, a 20th-century guru who has a fairly wide following in India, and the other to Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha (BAPS), a larger denomination that also follows gurus and is known for its majestic temples.
The temples were constructed two decades ago at a time when Pewaukee showed little or no sign of Indian culture. That the suburbs of Wisconsin are home to followers of millennia-old faiths such as Hinduism and Jainism is something many outsiders are likely to find curious if not outright mind-boggling even today.
As it happens, Wisconsin’s population of Indian immigrants and their descendants is the second largest of any minority group from Asia after the Hmong, an ethnic group primarily from China and Southeast Asia.
In fact, according to Wisconsin’s Asian American and Pacific Islander Health Forum, the population of ethnic Indians in the state has grown by more than 80 percent since the 2000—2010 U.S. census.
It is a testament to the openness of the Midwest that it has extended to the followers of Pewaukee’s four Hindu and Jain temples what other immigrant groups have historically received: “space to call their own,” in the words of the Religion News Service article.
For its part, Pewaukee is a microcosm of what might be called Indian America: Since the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, which ended America’s long-standing policy of limiting immigration based on national origin, the population of Indian immigrants and their American descendants has swelled to nearly 2 million people—and more than half of them identify as Hindu.
“The earliest immigrants to arrive worshipped at makeshift shrines in people’s homes,” notes the Religion News Service article, pointing to the sea change that has since occurred: Not only does the U.S. have over 1,450 Hindu temples today, but in states such as New Jersey, California and Texas, where most Indian Americans live, there are enough followers of individual deities to justify building temples in their name.
The Pewaukee Hindu temple is a case in point: It features an array of marble statues honoring such popular deities as Krishna, Shiva and Ganesh—just a few of the dozens of representations of the divine.
“This is a pan-Indian umbrella,” Geddam said, referring to a national network of Hindu and Jain temples whose devotees he helps cope with the change of coming here.
“When I first came here, people said, ‘When you come to this country, you can’t continue to be in the old religion,’” recalled Kamal Shah, president of the Jain Temple in Pewaukee.
“Though our belief is very, very ancient, we are able to keep this up in America,” he said. “That is the biggest transformation.”
From its beginnings, the Church of Scientology has recognized that freedom of religion is a fundamental human right. In a world where conflicts are often traceable to intolerance of others’ religious beliefs and practices, the Church has, for more than 50 years, made the preservation of religious liberty an overriding concern.
The Church publishes this blog to help create a better understanding of the freedom of religion and belief and provide news on religious freedom and issues affecting this freedom around the world.
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The Legend of Sephra
Woven among the threads of ancient Aztec legend lies the story of Sephra, and enchanting goddess whose beauty could only be depicted as the richness of the dark earth, combined with the luster and glow of pure gold. Her voice was softer than the finest silks and her presence carried the aroma of sweet cocoa. It was Sephra who gave the ancient Aztecs the precious gift of the cocoa tree.
The legend reveals that the spirit of Sephra nourished the cocoa trees and lived within the priceless beans they produced. The Aztec kings name the cocoa tree "Theobroma cacao," meaning "food of the gods". Cocoa beans were so valuable that they were used to pay tribute to royalty and as sacred offerings to the gods.
Montezuma, the ruler of the wealthy Aztec Empire, was so enchanted by Sephra that he commissioned an elite force of skilled artisans and master craftsmen to construct a temple in honor of the goddess. As a special offering to Sephra, Montezuma built a magnificent fountain in the highest room of the temple and filled it with glistening spring water which flowed from beneath the temple walls. He then surrounded the fountain with a splended array of the most perfect cocoa beans, hoping that Sephra would continue bless the people with the unique and valuable crop.
So pleased was Sephra with Montezuma's gift that she came to him in a dream and told him that her spirit would always live in the fountain he had given to her. Moments later, Montezuma awoke to the sweet smell of cocoa lingering in the air. The aroma led him to the upper room of the temple where Sephra's fountain stood. To his great astonishment, the fountain no longer flowed with water, but with the purest, richest chocolate. This was truly a gift from the gods.
For centuries, Sephra's fountain remained hidden beneath the ruins of the ancient Aztec temple waiting to be discovered. Finally it was, and with it the secret to the pure, rich chocolate that was coveted by gods and kings...
Located in Throop, Pennsylvania, Sephra is the leading chocolate fountain manufacturer in the world. Our chocolate and fondue fountains are known by food service professionals around the world for their superior quality, features, and unmatched customer support.
Sephra began as a family owned business and was founded on the principles that product quality is imperative, and customer service and satisfaction are always top priority. These principles continue to guide Sephra's business practices today. Learn more about Sephra.
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Globale archäologische Bewertung belegt frühe tiefgreifende Veränderungen der Erde durch Landnutzung
Menschliche Aktivitäten führten bereits vor 3.000 bis 4.000 Jahren und damit viel früher als bislang angenommen, zu erheblichen Umweltveränderungen. (Weitere Informationen in englischer Sprache)
The first global assessment of archaeological land use changes from 10,000 BP to 1850 CE reveals that our planet was dramatically transformed from its earlier state by hunter-gatherers, farmers and pastoralists by 3,000-4,000 years ago. This is far earlier than estimated by the conventional global land-use reconstructions used by Earth scientists and overturns the conventional paradigm that anthropogenic global environmental change is primarily recent.
Land use by early farmers, pastoralists and even hunter-gatherer societies was extensive enough to have created significant global landcover change by 3,000-4,000 years ago. This is much earlier than has been recognised, and challenges prevailing opinions concerning a mid-20th century start date for the Anthropocene. These are the findings of a new study published this week in Science, by a large international team of archaeologists and environmental scientists.
This study brought together several hundred archaeologists from around the world, who pooled extensive datasets summarising decades of archaeological research. Nicole Boivin, Director of the Department of Archaeology at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History and a lead author on the study, notes that "archaeologists possess critical datasets for assessing long-term human impacts to the natural world, but these remain largely untapped in terms of global-scale assessments”. She observes that “this novel crowd-sourcing approach to pooling archaeological data is extremely innovative, and has provided researchers with a unique perspective”.
Unique collaboration allows for creation of large database of archaeological data to study past environmental change
The ArchaeoGLOBE project was coordinated by an international team of researchers who developed an online survey to gather past land-use estimates from archaeologists with regional expertise. The current study offers a novel way to assess archaeological knowledge on human land use across the globe over the past 10,000 years. By incorporating online archaeological crowdsourcing, the study was able to incorporate the local expertise of 255 archaeologists to reach an unprecedented level of global coverage. This global archaeological assessment, and the collaborative approach it represents, will help stimulate and support future efforts towards the common goal of understanding early land use as a driver of long-term global environmental changes across the Earth system, including changes in climate.
"This type of work causes us to rethink the role of humans in environmental systems, particularly in the way we understand 'natural' environments," said Lucas Stephens of the University of Maryland Baltimore County, University of Pennsylvania and Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, who led the global collaboration of archaeologists that produced the study. "It also allows us to identify patterns in the distribution of our data and prioritize future collection areas to improve the reliability of global datasets."
Study of archaeological data reveals huge impact of humans over thousands of years
"While modern rates and scales of anthropogenic global change are far greater than those of the deep past, the long-term cumulative changes wrought by early food producers are greater than many realize," said Andrea Kay of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History and The University of Queensland, a lead author on the study. "Even small-scale or shifting agriculture can cause global change when considered at large scales and over long time-periods," she adds.
By acknowledging the deep time impact of humans on this planet and better understanding human-environment interactions over the long term, the researchers believe we can better plan for future climate scenarios and possibly find ways of mitigating negative impacts on soils, vegetation, and climate. "It's time to get beyond the mostly recent paradigm of the Anthropocene and recognize that the long-term changes of the deep past have transformed the ecology of this planet, and produced the social-ecological infrastructures - agricultural and urban - that made the contemporary global changes possible,” said Erle Ellis of University of Maryland Baltimore County, a senior author who initially proposed and helped design the study. “These past changes produced the social-ecological infrastructures - agricultural and urban - that made the contemporary global changes possible."
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Why Does Shingles Appear Mostly On One Side Or In One Area Of Your Body
The virus travels in specific nerves, so you will often see shingles occur in a band on one side of your body. This band corresponds to the area where the nerve transmits signals. The shingles rash stays somewhat localized to an area. It doesnt spread over your whole body. Your torso is a common area, as is your face.
Are There Natural Ways To Boost Your Immune System To Help Lessen The Chances Of Developing Shingles
Stress is a risk factor for developing shingles, so limiting your stress can be helpful. Try meditation, yoga or other relaxation methods.
Other things you can do include:
- Eat a healthy diet.
- Aim for seven to nine hours of sleep each night.
- Dont smoke or use tobacco products.
These are all tips for an overall healthy lifestyle, not just for reducing your chance of getting shingles.
How Is Shingles Prevented
The best protection against shingles is vaccination. Chickenpox vaccine should prevent you from getting the virus, and so decrease the risk of both chickenpox and shingles. Shingles vaccine reduces the risk of getting shingles and its complications you may still get shingles, but the symptoms are usually less severe and post-herpetic neuralgia is less likely. In New Zealand there are 2 brands of vaccines that protect against shingles Shingrix and Zostavax. These vaccines differ in the way they work, their cost and how they are given. Read more about the differences between Shingrix and Zostavax.
Recommended Reading: Can You Show Me What Shingles Look Like
Do You Always Get The Typical Rash If You Have Shingles
Occasionally, some people dont get a rash. If you have any of the other symptoms of shingles , see your healthcare provider sooner rather than later. There are effective treatments you can take early for shingles. Even if you dont have shingles, seeing your healthcare provider will help you get your condition diagnosed and treated.
Stay Away From Certain Groups Of People If You Have Shingles
You cannot spread shingles to others. But people who have not had chickenpox before could catch chickenpox from you.
This is because shingles is caused by the chickenpox virus.
Try to avoid:
- pregnant people who have not had chickenpox before
- people with a weakened immune system like someone having chemotherapy
- babies less than 1 month old unless you gave birth to them, as your baby should be protected from the virus by your immune system
Recommended Reading: Do You Need A Shingles Shot Every Year
How Do Dermatologists Treat Shingles
An antiviral medication can:
Reduce the amount of time that you have a shingles rash
Lower your risk of developing long-lasting nerve pain and other health problems
One of three antiviral medications is usually prescribedacyclovir, famciclovir, or valacyclovir.
To treat your symptoms, dermatologists typically recommend the following:
Pain: Medication that you can buy without a prescription can help, such as:
If you have severe pain, your dermatologist may prescribe a medication that reduces inflammation, such as a corticosteroid.
Which Groups To Avoid If You Have Shingles
Pregnant women who have not had chickenpox should avoid people with shingles. See the separate leaflet called Chickenpox Contact in Pregnancy for more details. Also, if you have a poor immune system , you should avoid people with shingles. These general rules are to be on the safe side, as it is direct contact with the rash that usually passes on the virus.
Don’t Miss: What Stops Shingles From Itching
Who Is At Risk Of Getting Shingles
Shingles typically affects older people, but it can also occur in healthy younger persons and even in children. Those whose immune systems have been weakened by cancer, HIV infection, AIDS, or treatment with certain medicines are also at increased risk of getting shingles.
- Anyone who has had chickenpox is at risk of getting shingles later in life. About 1 in 3 people who have not been immunised against chickenpox or shingles will get shingles in their lifetime.
- Shingles usually affects older people. The older you are if you get shingles, the higher your risk of getting serious disease. People who have a weakened immune system are also at risk of getting more severe disease, even if they are young.
- Women have a higher risk of getting shingles than men.
- Most people who develop shingles have only 1 episode during their lifetime. However, you can have shingles more than once.
An attack of shingles during pregnancy will not harm the unborn baby. The mother is already carrying the varicella zoster virus before developing shingles and there is no increase in the risk of passing it on to the fetus if shingles develops. However, an attack of chickenpox during pregnancy can be serious and requires urgent medical attention.
Check If You Have Shingles
The first signs of shingles can be:
- a tingling or painful feeling in an area of skin
- a headache or feeling generally unwell
A rash will appear a few days later.
Usually you get the shingles rash on your chest and tummy, but it can appear anywhere on your body including on your face, eyes and genitals.
The rash appears as blotches on your skin, on 1 side of your body only. A rash on both the left and right of your body is unlikely to be shingles.
Don’t Miss: Side Effects For Shingles Shot
You Cannot Get Shingles From Someone With Chickenpox
You cannot get shingles from someone with shingles or chickenpox.
But you can get chickenpox from someone with shingles if you have not had chickenpox before.
When people get chickenpox, the virus remains in the body. It can be reactivated later and cause shingles if someone’s immune system is lowered.
This can be because of stress, certain conditions, or treatments like chemotherapy.
Can You Still Develop Shingles If Youve Been Vaccinated For Chickenpox
Yes. Despite being vaccinated for chickenpox, you can still get shingles. No vaccine is 100% protective, and the effectiveness of vaccines lessens with time. However, people who get the chickenpox vaccine are significantly less likely to develop shingles later in life compared with people who never received the chickenpox vaccine. One recent 12-year study found that the number of shingles cases was 72% lower in children who had received the chickenpox vaccine compared with those who didnt.
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Is There A Shingles Vaccination
In the UK there is a shingles vaccine immunisation programme for people aged 70 years to protect against herpes zoster. There is also a catch-up programme which offers the vaccine to anyone aged between 70 and 79 years who has previously missed out on immunisation. The vaccine is licensed for people aged over 50 years, and if you are not eligible for the vaccine on the NHS, your pharmacist may be able to provide the vaccine as a private service.
The chickenpox vaccine is not routinely given to children in the UK but is offered to people who are in close contact with someone who is particularly vulnerable to chickenpox or its complications – eg, people with a weakened immune system.
Is The Zostavax Vaccine Still Being Used
Yes. The CDC, however, recommends Zostavax for adults age 60 and older, but not routinely for people aged 50 to 59. Zostavax is given as a single-dose shot versus the two-dose shot for Shingrix. Zostavax is less effective than Shingrix in preventing shingles and postherpetic neuralgia .
You can consider Zostavax if you are allergic to Shingrix or if Shingrix is unavailable because of supply shortage and you want some immediate protection from a possible case of shingles and/or postherpetic neuralgia. Because its a weakened live vaccine, it may be dangerous if you have cancer, HIV, or take steroids, chemotherapy or other medications that suppress your immune system. Ask your healthcare provider if the Zostavax vaccine is an option for you.
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How Is Postherpetic Neuralgia Treated
Treatments include lotions or creams and/or other medications not specifically used for pain, such as antidepressants or drugs for epilepsy. Regular pain relievers are not usually effective for this type of pain.
If your pain doesnt lessen, you might try therapies like nerve blocks or steroid injections near the area where the nerves exit the spine. Your provider might suggest an implantable nerve stimulator device for severe, ongoing pain that hasnt responded to other treatments.
Do You Need To Stay Away From Children People Who Are Pregnant Have Cancer Or Anyone With A Weak Immune System After You Get The Zostavax Vaccine
According to the CDC, its safe to be around babies and young children, pregnant women or anyone with a weakened immune system after you get the Zostavax vaccine. Even though the Zostavax vaccine contains a weakened live varicella-zoster virus, the CDC says theres no documented case of a person getting chickenpox from someone who has received the Zostavax vaccine. And remember: You cant get shingles unless youve already had chickenpox.
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Can I Give Shingles To Others
No one can catch shingles from you. But the virus can be spread to a person who has never had chickenpox. The virus lives in the blisters that shingles causes. It can be spread until the blisters are completely healed. If you have blisters that have not crusted over yet, you should stay away from:
- Anyone who has never had chickenpox
- Babies under 12 months old
- Very sick people
Tell your doctor if you live with children who have not had chickenpox. They may need to be vaccinated.
What Brings On An Attack Of Shingles
Its difficult to predict when a shingles episode might happen again. However, there are some risk factors you should consider.
- Unhealthy lifestyle
- Acute on chronic stress
The first risk factor is age. If you are above the age of 50, ask your doctor about the shingles vaccine. In addition to being an effective shingles treatment, this vaccine is used to prevent shingles.
The second risk factor of shingles is immunity. If your immune system is weakened by illness or medication, you are at risk for contracting shingles or experiencing another shingles episode. Fortunately, you can naturally strengthen your immune system with the right diet and vitamins.
Citrus fruits, green vegetables, organic meat, eggs, whole grains, and dairy products are all part of a healthy diet. You should avoid sugar, refined carbohydrates, saturated fat, and arginine-rich foods, like nuts and seeds.
Additionally, take a multivitamin that includes vitamin A, B-12, C, and E. The amino acid lysine is also protective against infection. Many people over the age of 60 are deficient in zinc, selenium, and vitamin D. You may need to incorporate these supplements into your daily routine as well. Ask your healthcare provider for recommendations as to which vitamins and supplements you need.
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What Does A Mild Case Of Shingles Look Like
Not everyone with shingles will develop a blistering rash. A mild case of shingles may include a red rash without blisters. The shingles rash and blisters are distinct characteristics of the illness. Mild cases of shingles do not usually cause headaches, fever, or fatigue.
Whether mild or severe, pain is the most common symptom of shingles. Most people describe a deep burning, throbbing, or stabbing sensation. The pain usually subsides within 30 days.
Who Is At Risk For Getting Shingles
People who have had chickenpox who are more likely to develop shingles include those:
- With a weakened immune system .
- Over the age of 50.
- Who have been ill.
- Who have experienced trauma.
- Who are under stress.
The chickenpox virus doesnt leave your body after you have chickenpox. Instead, the virus stays in a portion of your spinal nerve root called the dorsal root ganglion. For the majority of people, the virus stays there quietly and doesn’t cause problems. Researchers aren’t always sure why the virus gets reactivated, but this typically occurs at times of stress.
Why Is It More Serious For Older Adults
One reason is that older people tend to have weaker immune systems than younger people, making it harder to fight an infection of any kind.
Along with the normal age-related decline in immune system strength, other factors, including stressful life events and cancer treatment, can further compromise an older persons immune system.
Who Should Not Get Shingrix
You should not get Shingrix if you:
- Have ever had a severe allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine or after a dose of Shingrix.
- Currently have shingles.
- Currently are pregnant. Women who are pregnant should wait to get Shingrix.
If you have a minor illness, such as a cold, you may get Shingrix. But if you have a moderate or severe illness, with or without fever, you should usually wait until you recover before getting the vaccine.
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How Can I Treat Shingles Naturally
The shingles virus affects the nerves, which is why a skin rash only appears in a specific area of the body rather than all over. However, nerve pain is still possible even after the shingles rash has disappeared. If the nerve fibers are damaged, they are unable to send messages from your skin to your brain. This complication of shingles is called postherpetic neuralgia and it can cause severe pain, lasting months or even years.
Postherpetic neuralgia is more common in the following patients:
- Adults over the age of 50
- Patients with another medical condition, like diabetes
- Those who experienced a severe shingles rash
- Those who experienced a shingles rash on the face or torso
- Patients who didnt begin shingles treatment within 72 hours of symptoms appearing
Besides chronic pain, symptoms of postherpetic neuralgia include depression, insomnia, suppressed appetite, and attention deficits. Fortunately, there are home remedies, over-the-counter products, and prescription medications that offer pain relief to these symptoms. Heres a long list of treatments:
Steroid Medication For Shingles
Steroids help to reduce swelling . A short course of steroid tablets may be considered in addition to antiviral medication. This may help to reduce pain and speed healing of the rash. However, the use of steroids in shingles is controversial. Your doctor will advise you. Steroids do not prevent PHN.
Antiviral Medicines For Shingles
Antiviral medicines used to treat shingles include aciclovir, famciclovir and valaciclovir. An antiviral medicine is not a cure for shingles, it does not kill the virus but works by stopping the virus from multiplying. So, it may limit the severity of symptoms of the shingles episode.
An antiviral medicine is most useful when started in the early stages of shingles . However, in some cases your doctor may still advise you have an antiviral medicine even if the rash is more than 72 hours old – particularly in elderly people with severe shingles, or if shingles affects an eye.
Antiviral medicines are not advised routinely for everybody with shingles. As a general rule, the following groups of people who develop shingles will normally be advised to take an antiviral medicine:
- If you are over the age of 50. The older you are, the more risk there is of severe shingles or complications developing and the more likely you are to benefit from treatment.
- If you are of any age and have any of the following:
- Shingles that affects the eye or ear.
- A poorly functioning immune system .
- Shingles that affects any parts of the body apart from the trunk .
- Moderate or severe pain.
If prescribed, a course of an antiviral medicine normally lasts seven days.
When To Contact A Doctor
Its important to visit your doctor as soon as possible if you suspect you have shingles, especially if youre somebody at an increased risk of developing it.
The American Academy of Dermatology recommends visiting a dermatologist or other healthcare professional within 3 days to prevent long-term complications.
Shingles typically clears up within a few weeks and does not commonly recur. If your symptoms have not lessened within 10 days, contact a doctor for a follow-up and reevaluation.
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Can I Prevent Shingles
Who should get it: The CDC recommends that you get this vaccine if youâre a healthy adult age 50 or older, whether or not you remember having had chickenpox, because most people have been exposed to the virus. If you have had the Zostavax vaccine, you can also have Shingrix.
How many shots do you need? You would need two shots for Shingrix: One at first, with a follow-up in 2 to 6 months.
What it does:Shingrix reduces your chance of getting shingles by more than 90%. Even if you still get shingles, the vaccine may help it be less painful.
I never had chickenpox. Do I still need the shingles vaccine? Yes, you do. Shingrix is recommended for everyone age 50 or older, whether or not you remember having had chickenpox.
If Iâve had shingles, can I still get the vaccine? Yes. It may help prevent you having another bout of shingles later on. If you have shingles right now, you should wait until the rash is gone before you get vaccinated.
Donât get the Shingrix vaccine if you:
- Are allergic to any of the ingredients
- Are pregnant or nursing
- Have tested negative for immunity to the chickenpox virus. Ask your doctor about the chickenpox vaccine instead.
- Have shingles now
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Skyhook recently unveiled our newest offering, our , a powerful new tool that uses anonymous mobile device movements to model population behaviors at global, national, state, and county levels. Understanding device movement patterns and how they change over time is a powerful way to make informed conclusions based on data. The functionality of the Mobility Index has been helpful for researchers across industries, but it has specifically come to the forefront for those looking at the impacts of COVID-19 on various segments of society.
In this episode of Skyhook’s Conversation Series, Skyhook’s VP of Geospatial Insights Rich Sutton and I talk with researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology, UCSB, and Northern Arizona University about their use of Skyhook data over the past year. There have been a number of publications describing the disproportionate impact COVID-19 is having on minorities and people of color. This conversation specifically digs into the research team’s current focus on the impact of COVID-19 on Native American populations. The team is using mobility data to better understand how mobility patterns in Native American populations, specifically tribal and rural communities, changed before and after stay at home orders were put in place. The data has been used to analyze how overall movement changed over time, and also led to looking at COVID-19 impacts in those communities. Researchers are specifically exploring if there is a disparity in how different groups are affected by the virus’s spread.
Find out more about this research project, and how mobility data can inform other similar research.
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Batteries are an integral component of many electronic devices, from cars to laptops to medical equipment. One popular type of battery is the sealed lead-acid (SLA) battery. However, SLA batteries can sometimes fail, leaving users with a dead device. In this article, we’ll explore why this happens and whether SLA and AGM batteries are the same.
Why do SLA batteries fail?
SLA batteries can fail for a variety of reasons. One common cause is overcharging, which can lead to the battery producing excessive heat and gas. This can damage the internal components of the battery and cause it to fail prematurely. Another culprit is undercharging, which can cause a buildup of lead sulfate on the battery plates, reducing the battery’s capacity and eventually causing it to fail.
Age is also a factor in SLA battery failure. Over time, the internal components of the battery can degrade, reducing its capacity and ability to hold a charge. Exposure to extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, can also hasten battery failure. Finally, physical damage, such as dropping or crushing the battery, can cause internal damage and render the battery unusable.
Is SLA and AGM the same?
SLA batteries and AGM (absorbent glass mat) batteries are not the same, although they are both types of lead-acid batteries. The key difference between the two is the way the electrolyte (the liquid that conducts electricity within the battery) is contained. In an SLA battery, the electrolyte is free-flowing, while in an AGM battery, it is absorbed into a glass mat. This makes AGM batteries more resistant to vibration and better at handling deep discharges. AGM batteries are also typically more expensive than SLA batteries.
While SLA batteries can sometimes fail, understanding the reasons behind their failure can help you prolong the life of your battery and prevent unexpected downtime. Additionally, knowing the difference between SLA and AGM batteries can help you choose the right type of battery for your needs. With proper care and attention, your battery can provide reliable, long-lasting power for years to come.
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In English this term, we are studying 'Goodnight Mr Tom'. We will be writing a diary entry, a non-chronological report based on WW2 and a flashback story. The children will spend 2 weeks on each unit of work and will have a piece of writing for each genre.
Spellings are given to the children on a Monday morning and they practise them in their spelling books. These are also glued into their planners so they can practise them at home as part of their homework. There is a spelling test each Friday. Children are encouraged to learning all spellings.
In Guided Reading, we are studying the book 'The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas'. We will be looking at characters and themes in the book but also answering comprehension questions based on these using our VIPERS scheme.
In Maths we are focusing on negative numbers, translation, position of shapes and co-ordinates. We will also be completing lots of maths puzzles and problems, applying our maths skills to everyday things.
In Science, we will be looking and 'Scientists and Investigations'. We will be looking at different scientists who have helped us and completing investigations and experiments based on our previous learning.
In History, we are looking at WW2 and how this war began. We will be looking at the key countries involved and who their leaders were. We will also be studying the Blitz and how people in Britain tried to keep safe during the war. We will look at what happened on D-day and how people celebrated the end of the war.
In Computing, we will be looking at 'Quizzing' and designing a quiz / game for someone to answer. We will recap online safety and complete a computing workshop.
In RE, we will be looking at Pentecost, The life of Mary and the Saints and The Church. We will also be looking at Confirmation preparation for the children who are taking their confirmation this year.
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Thursday 7th January
We are going to continue our activities around Oliver's Milkshake!
1. Yesterday you had lots of fun exploring different capacities using water. Can you complete this cut and stick activity? You have to sort all the pictures into full, half full and empty. Can you use the correct vocabulary as you stick the objects into their group?
2. I have attached an outline of a milkshake. Can you design your very own milkshake? Have a go at writing 'm' for milkshake. We can use a letter rhyme to help us 'down Maisie, over the mountain, mountain'. Look at the picture below to help you .
3. In the story, Oliver realises he likes milk when he tries a milkshake. Can you try and make your own milkshake? What fruit are you going to use, will you use more than one? I can't wait to see if you like your milkshakes!
4. Do you know where milk comes from? Watch the video below to find out!
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To solve the Crisis in Cosmology, astronomers are measuring the Hubble constant with magnetars, neutron stars with strong magnetic fields.
An astronomer has proposed a method for deflecting asteroids away from Earth with missiles to stop the next mass extinction.
Masers are an example of how naturally occurring phenomena could create coherent and amplified radiation making them useful in astronomy
A simulation of a head on star collision. Both stars have disks of minor planets. This simulation shows how such events could affect them.
Dark matter may not exist. Instead a phenomenon predicted known as Gravitomagnetism could explain the high rotation curves of galaxies.
A simulation of a 6 planet system forming. The simulation starts of with 900 objects and tracks how they merge into the final planets.
Astrophysicists count the number of mysterious population III stars by observing the imprints they leave in the cosmic microwave background.
Physicists found that dark matter halos will eventually collapse into black holes as they leak energy through to gravitational waves.
Astronomers have discovered a planet that survived being engulfed by it’s star and influenced it’s evolution during it’s red giant phase.
Astronomers have detected a radio emission in another galaxy from an accretion disk caused by a black hole tearing apart a star.
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Linocutting is a technique in which woodblocks are used to carve linoleum blocks. Unlike carving on wood, linocutting is done on linoleum which can be more expensive and has the disadvantage of being brittle. However, it is a method that allows for a very detailed and impressive finish. This post is aimed to help you learn how to do linocutting.
In the history of woodcutting, linocuts or linocuts are unique paper cuts highly prized for their uniqueness and simple beauty. The technique of linocutting involves cutting a linocut image on paper. This is accomplished by a special machine known as a linocutter. Linocuts can be made on thick paper. When the paper is fed between the sprockets, the printing plate rotates to transfer the image on the paper to the paper.
Linocutting is a fun art form that uses a special ink consumed only by linoleum (a very durable type of flooring). The linoleum is colored and cut into various shapes, and the same piece of linoleum is then used to make other artworks (such as prints) from that same piece of linoleum.
What Is Linocutting
Linocutting involves a simple yet complex process. The process is simple, and you just need to cut away the parts of the linoleum that are not wanted. The process is complex, as cut lines need to be carefully cut into the linoleum without damaging the linoleum itself. It’s always nice to hear a new linocutter’s story, especially if that story includes a progression from an innocent first print that gave away the intended message to an awesome story about a mountain climber who is now over-the-top proud of her accomplishment.
Things To Understand About Linocutting
Linocutting is a trendy craft that can be done by anyone. No special tools are required. You will need a few basic household items, such as a stapler, scissors, and glue. The process can actually be completed in a very short amount of time. The only limitation is your imagination or lack thereof. You can do anything, as long as you are an artist first. Linocuts are a great way to add a decorative element to a project, but there are a few things to consider before setting out to cut linocuts into your surfaces. Linocuts are a slower art form than some other materials, so it’s important to take your time and use only the right tools.
- You can do it through carving
- You can do it through bossing
- You can do it through carving
- You can do it on different surfaces
- It has easy and simple designs
- Printing is also possible
- If you make a mistake, it is unreversible
- You need to exert more effort to have a great texture
- It has limited color application
- It is hard to clean
- Time consuming
Linocutting is a fast, accurate, and effective method of creating prints or linocuts. It can be a useful tool for artists, a great way to practice drawing, and an interesting way to use colored water-soluble pencils or watercolors. It is also a fun way to create art. Linocutting is an ancient method of printmaking that has been used since the early 19th century. It involves carving wood blocks with a needle and a carving tool. The resulting prints are known as linocuts. The drawing is often created by hand with a pencil and then transferred to the linoleum block through a process called “photolithography.” The linocutting tool is a long wooden stick with a needle at one end and a hook at the other.
Linocutting is an old method of printmaking that has been used since the early 19th century. It involves carving wood blocks with a needle and a carving tool. The resulting prints are known as linocuts. The drawing is often created by hand with a pencil and then transferred to the linoleum block through a process called “photolithography.”
With the right linoleum cutters and blades, this simple process can yield beautiful results that have taken many years to perfect.
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HARDNESS FACT SHEET
MCL: None published by EPA
Source: Minerals dissolved in water
Effect: Mineral deposits in plumbing, reduced soap lathering
Followup: Treat and retest
Treatment: Ion exchange water softener
Hardness minerals are completely dissolved in the water and cannot be seen. When rainwater falls over the land and percolates through rocks, it dissolves minerals and holds them in solution. Calcium and magnesium dissolved in water are the two most common minerals that make water “hard”. The degree of hardness becomes greater as the calcium and magnesium content increases and is related to the concentration of multivalent cations dissolved in the water.
Hardness of the water is not generally considered to be a health-related concern; in fact, calcium and magnesium are essential minerals in a healthy diet. However, hardness can be an aesthetic or economic concern. Hard water can cause problems such as reduced lathering of soaps, scum on wash water, gray laundry, buildup of scale on plumbing elements, reduced water flow due to scale buildup (primarily in water heating systems) and/or scaling on pots and pans.
Hard water interferes with almost every cleaning task from laundering and dishwashing to bathing and personal grooming. Clothes laundered in hard water may look dingy and feel harsh and scratchy. Dishes and glasses may be spotted when dry. Hard water may cause a film on glass shower doors, shower walls, bathtubs, sinks, faucets, etc. Hair washed in hard water may feel sticky and look dull. The amount of hardness minerals in water affects the amount of soap and detergent necessary for cleaning.
Hard water also contributes to inefficient and costly operation of water-using appliances. Heated hard water forms a scale of calcium and magnesium minerals that can contribute to the inefficient operation or failure of water using appliances. Pipes can become clogged with scale that reduces water flow and ultimately requires pipe replacement.
If you find that hardness in the water is a nuisance, you may decide to treat the water to reduce the amount of calcium and magnesium. After installing the treatment equipment, retest to determine whether the unit is softening the water adequately.
The most common method to treat hard water is through an ion exchange water softener. Ion exchange water softening is a process in which the hardness ions, magnesium and calcium, are exchanged with either sodium or occasionally, potassium ions. Hardness minerals are removed from water by passing through a bed of synthetic plastic beads called “resin”. This resin has the ability to attract and hold the hardness minerals from the water, much like a magnet attracts metal filings. The process technically is called “ion exchange”. When the hardness minerals attach themselves to the beads, the sodium ions are displaced. Hence, the hardness ions are replaced by the sodium ions.
Salt brine has the ability to remove the accumulated hardness minerals from the resin beads. Removal is called “regeneration” or “recharging”. A water softener provides a resin bed and a method of passing salt brine through the bed for regeneration. The more resin contained in the softener, the greater is its ability to attract and hold more grains of hardness minerals before regeneration is necessary.
For further technical assistance, call Suburban Property Inspections at 1-866-866-6700, or call the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.
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Today, in the interconnected and independent world, it is essential to be multitalented. Those people who refuse to learn new languages are still following some traditional myths which have lead them to nothing. In the today world, the ability of knowing an external language can be very helpful. Growth is always best for human beings. In order to advance in today’s growing economy, you must have multiple skills and being bilingual is one of them. You can surely learn a second language fast, if you have made up your mind but first you must accept that it is important.
Consider the example of a doctor. If he can communicate with a patient in his native language, he is more likely to be successful in diagnosing him. Nevertheless, if you have the ability to speak a foreign language, you will be considered a valuable candidate. Which language to learn depends on your field of study or career.
Have a look at some reasons why you should give learning a second language a thought:
1. Advance Your Career
You can compete with your monolingual peers. Being able to express yourself in different languages is a key aspect to be noticed. As a plus one, language skills lead to bonuses and salary increments. With the help of a new language, you will be able to stand out from the crowd.
2. Deepen Your Connection to other cultures
To other cultures, language is a direct connection. Communicating in other languages helps us to learn the traditions, arts, religions and history of different cultures. Where there are good communicating skills, there is better understanding. Study shows that those people who have exposed themselves to more than one language are open-minded and positive towards everything.
Having the ability to communicate with other people is an incredible gift. We will be able to connect with others through their languages. You can become a local once you know the language. You will be rewarded with kindness. You will be able to build endless friendships. All of this will make you realize that learning new languages is an art.
4. Feed Your Brain
It is proven that those people who speak more than one language have enhanced memory, critical thinking skills, problem-solving skills, more commitment, ability to multitask, and not to mention, they have great listening skills. By learning a new language, you will be able to notice the little changes in the environment.
5. Go to the Source
Knowing at least more than one language can give us access to the kind of information that would otherwise be off-limits.
6. See the World
You can revolutionize your road trip by travelling as a speaker of the local language. Those who are monolingual get to visit the same places but, those who know more than one language can explore wonders. You will be able to open doors of success by learning new languages.
7. Gain Perspective
When we learn a new language, it is natural for us to start comparing things. Learning another culture sheds light upon the aspects that were not always clear to us. You can discover both positive and negative aspects of the culture.
8. Boost your Confidence
You can discover your flaws with learning a new language. Speaking in front of an audience can boost your confidence. Flaws are a part of learning. You have no idea how happy you will be once you get the chance to communicate with a native in their language.
Usually, in high school, we are taught a second language. It would be a great idea if you continue learning that language. You won’t have to start from scratch because you already know the basics. If you were good at it, chances are you will pick the language fast. Later on, you can use this second language to seek out career opportunities or even study abroad. Companies are looking for employees who can speak more than one language, if you have chosen one of the highly demanded languages in the world, then your worth will increase.
Learning a new language also makes you a better learner. How, you ask? You keep on figuring out ways to learn things more efficiently or in other words, you develop your own language learning hacks. You can even share these hacks with others and make their journey of learning a new language easier than yours. So, what are you waiting for? Pick a second language and start learning it.
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November 25 marks the feast day of St Catherine of Alexandria, also known as the Saint Catherine of the Wheel and The Great Martyr Saint Catherine. She is the patroness of the Cathedral of the Archdiocese of Goa and the one who turned the wheel of Goan history.
St Catherine was born in 287 AD in Alexandria, Egypt. Traditional hagiography states that she was a princess and scholar who became a Christian around the age of 14 and offered herself completely to Christ.
Roman Emperor Maxentius (a follower of Roman religion) wanted her for himself and on her refusal, she was put to various tortures, including a breaking wheel torture. Finally, she was beheaded in 305 AD when she was barely 17-18 yrs old. Seeing her endurance of horrible trials for the sake of Christ, many have voluntarily accepted Christian faith.
St Catherine’s role in turning the wheels of history is well documented. For example, in the Battle of Montgisard fought between the Catholic Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Islamic Ayyubids on her feast day on November 25, 1177, the Christians (3,000-4,000) were outnumbered by a majority of 21,000-26,000 Muslims. However, the Christians achieved a miraculous victory, attributed to the intercession of St Catherine of Alexandria.
Around 1428-31 AD, St Joan of Arc, the patron saint of France, was guided in her divine mission to defend France from England through the visions of St Catherine along with St Margaret and St Michael the Archangel.
On her feast day, November 25, 1510, the Portuguese under Alfonso de Albuquerque liberated Goa from the Muslim yoke, supported by the then Hindu population. Albuquerque clearly acknowledged in his letters that his victory was through the intercession of St Catherine.
The first ever Church structure built in Goa was dedicated to St Catherine. This princess from Egypt, became the patroness of the Cathedral of Goa and thus the city of Goa itself. The Chapel of St Catherine was once a highly venerated place and Pope Benedict XIV in 1742 AD gave indulgences for any faithful who devoutly visit her chapel on the vespers of St Catherine on November 24.
The diocese of Goa was founded in 1533. All the churches and convents of Goa came to existence after 1510 after the Portuguese conquest of Goa. This conquest became possible because of the intercession of St Catherine of Alexandria.
Can we imagine the Archdiocese of Goa, St Francis Xavier, St Joseph Vaz without this princess from Egypt, seated in the Cathedral of Goa at the ancient city of Ella, Old Goa?
The monastery of St Catherine of Alexandria, in Sinai, Egypt is also a centre of interfaith dialogue between Christianity and Islam. According to tradition, Prophet Muhammad gave Ashtiname, a charter granting protection and other privileges to the followers of Jesus, given to the Christian monks of Saint Catherine’s Monastery, which is still today relevant also in a legal sense.
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