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1950-01-01
1 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1950
1950
https://thisworld.online/1950/637
https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pdfs/B-I0637-D010150.pdf
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆages/637/t-1.png
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆges/637/t-16.png
ืœืคื™ื“ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ึพ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื : ื‘. ืจื•ืชื ื‘ืจื’ ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืœืคื™ื“ ื•ืงื• ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ -ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื—. ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืœืคื™ื“ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ื›ืฉืœื›ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ -ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืžื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ื™ืฉืื• ืœืคื™ื“ื™ื - ืืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืื•ืžื”. ื›ืžืขืœื” ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืื›ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืจืฆื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืœืคื™ื“ื™ื ืืœ ื›ื™ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืž. ืฆ .ืžืคื ื” ื“ืจืš ืœืจืฆื™ื. ืจื’ืข ื›ืœืชื™ึพื ืชืคื, ื ืชืคืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฆืœืžื”. ื—ื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืœืคื™ื“ ื‘ ื“ื™ ื” ืชื•ืš ืจื™ืฆื”. ืžืื•ืช ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืจื’ืข ื›ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคื ื–ื”. ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืคืจื’ืงื ื”ื™ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื•ืฉืœ ื”ื ื ื• ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ื‘ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ึพ .20 ืงื•ืฆืจ ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื” ื•ืื•ืคื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื•ืื™ืฉื™ืœ! ืฉืžืงื•ืžื ื‘ืกืงื™ืจื”โ€ข ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจืณ ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื ืช .1950 ื”ืขืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ื“ืคื™ืกื• ืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืชึพืฆืœื•ืžื™ื. ืจื•ืื™ึพื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืดื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœืคืชืณ ื‘ืดื˜ื™ื™ืืด ืชืชืคืจืกื ืชืžื•ื ืช ืื™ืฉ ื—ืฆื™ึพื”ืžืื” ...ื”ื™ืจื™ื“, ื–ืจ, ื”ืจืฆืœ ืื• ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ? ื ื—ื™ื” ื•ื ืจืื”... ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขื“ืฉืชึพื”ื ืคืฉ ืœืชื•ืš ื—ืœืœ ืขื•ืœืžื ื•. ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆื™ืœื•ืืด ืจื’ืข ืฉื™ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื—ืกืจืช- ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ืžืกื’ืจืช. ืื ื™ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืงื• ืื“ืžื“ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืืจืขื™ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื“ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืกื™ ืžืคื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคืชึพืกื•ืคื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช. ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ. ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžืืจ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื. --ืขืชื” ืœื™ืœื”. ืœื™ืœื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ืงืจื™ืจ. ื ื“ื ื˜ืจื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ืžื”ื’ื–ื•ื–ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืžื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”. ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืจื ื” ื”ืžื ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ืฉืขืจ ื™ืคื•. ื‘ื‘ื›ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืคืš ืคื ืก ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืฆื‘ืข ื”ืชืจื•ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ืœ, ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ื ื•ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืจื ื™. ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉื•ืจืงืช ื•ืžื™ื‘ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื•ื—. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืจ ืžื–ืžื–ื ืงื•ืžืงื•ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™. ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื—ืฆื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืœื™ืœื”, ืขื•ื“ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ืจ ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ืง ื”ื ืฆื—. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ. ื”ื ื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืื—ื“ ืจืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื, ื›ืฉื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื ืขืฆืจื™ื ืœื™ื“ ืคืจืด ืฉืชึพื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืืจื™ืš ืคื•ืจืžืœื™. ื›ืš ื™ืฉื‘ ื•ื“ืื™ ืดืื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจืด โ€” ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืดืกื™ื›ืืด ืืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ื™ืดื˜. ื”ื™ื” ืœื•, ืœืงื•ื“ืžื™ ืžืฆื‘ึพืจื•ื— ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ึพื•ืจื“ืจื“, ื›ืฉื ืฉืืฆืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ืœื—ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื’ืจืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืชื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžืจื” ื”ืขื•ืงืฆื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืงื“ื“ ื˜ื™ืก ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื ืžืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื?ืด โ€” ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ืœื“ โ€” ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื”ืโ€” , ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื•ืจื“ ื”ื•ื ืืœื™ ืงื‘ืจืด. ื“ื•ืžื ื™, ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ึพื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืคืจื” ืžืื– ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื’ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ึพืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืดื›ืกื™ืช ื› ืื– ืจืง ื”ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ืœื ื—ื–ืจื•. ื›ื™ ื’ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืœืดืื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจืด ,ืฉืœื‘ืฉ: ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ืฆื•ืึพืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืงืฉื”, ื’ื™ื“ืœ ื–ืงืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืœืœ ื•ื”ืชืคืขืœ ืžื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืณ โ€” ื’ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื—ืกืจื• ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืดืžื‘ืกื•ื˜ืด ืžืื” ืื—ื•ื–. ื”ืžืื” ื”ื™ืดื˜, ืฉืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืžืื” ื–ืืช ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืคืื•ืช ื ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืžืจื™ื”ึพื˜ื™ืจื™ื–ื” ื•ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืชึพื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” โ€” ื ืจืืชื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื” ืžึพื•ืœื•ื ืžืชื•ืง. ื•ื”ื ื—ืœืžื•ื”ื• ืจื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืืฉืจ ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื ื“ื”ืจื” ื‘ืงื• ื”ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื” ื”ืงื•ืกืžืช ืฉืฉืžื” ืดืคืจื•ื’ืจื™ืืด. ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืžื—ื•ื•ืจ, ืžื•ื“ืจื’, ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืžืจืืฉ. ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ืขื™ื ื ืฉืืจื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื—ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืกื•ืฃึพ ืกื•ืฃ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ื›ื‘ื•ืจื’ื ื™ ืืžื™ื“ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืŸ, ืฉื›ืœ ื—ืคืฅ ืžื•ื ื— ืืฆืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืงื•ืคื”, ื‘ืžื•ืกืจืณ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ .ืดื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืชืด โ€” ื–ื• ื”ืžืœื”, ื”ืžืžืฆื” ืืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืื” ืฉืœื ื•. โ€ขืืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืดื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืืชืžื•ืœืด ืกื˜ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื’, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืื—ื“ ืžื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื• ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื™ื. ื’ื ื–ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ื™ืงื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ื ืœืขื™ืœืณ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืืœื ื‘ืกืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ื. ืžื™ ืจืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืกืœืข, ื”ืžื‘ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืคืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจึพื”ื’ืขืฉ? ืœืฉื ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืกื’ื“ื” ืื– ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช. ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื, ื–ื” ืฉื ืจืื”, ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ื ื›ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ื ืœืžืฉื™ื— ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ืฉืขืœ ื“ื’ืœื• ืจืฉื ื”ืขื•ืœื โ€” ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื• โ€” ืคื•ืจื™ื”, ืงืจื•ืคื•ื˜ืงื™ืŸืณ ืžืจื›ืก, ืื ื’ืœืก, ืœืืกืืœ, ื–ืณื•ืจืก. ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฆื— ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื•ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ื ืœื”ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœืคื ื™ 50 ืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื•ืœื“ืชื• ื›ื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืืœื™ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื. ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืกืคื’ื” ืœืชื•ื›ื” ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ, ื–ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืจื™ื‘ืœื“ื™ ืงื•ืกื•ื˜, ืงืžื‘ื˜ื”, ืžื™ืฆืงื™ื‘ื™ืฅืณ ื•ืžืืกืืจื™ืง ืžื” ื ืฉืืจ ืžืžื ื” ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื ืชื” ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•, ื‘ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื’ึพื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื ื”ืขืœื• ืžื™ื ืขื›ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืจืคืชืงื ื™ื ื•ืงืจื™ื™ืจื™ืกึพื˜ื™ื. ื–ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื• ืคืฉื˜ื• ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืืช ื“>ื’ืœืณ ืื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ื โ€” ,ื ื‘ืœื• ื•ื›ืžืฉื•. ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื–ื” โ€” ืขื ื’ื•ืคื ื’ื“ืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืคืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืฆืจืขืช ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื›ื”. ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ โ€” ืžื”ืขืจืฆืช ืคืกืœื™ื ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืื™ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื ื–ื™ื™ื. ืื• ื”ืืฆื˜ืงื™ื ืฉืžืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ืฉื ื”. ื‘ื–ื”โ€” , ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื ื•ืขืจ ื™ืฆืื• ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ. ื•ื”ืชึพื—ื™ืœื• -ืœื—ืคืฉ ืชืกื‘ื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื—ื‘ืจื•. ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื™ืงื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื“ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ืคืฆื• ืœืจืกื™ืกื™ื. ืจื•ื•ื™ื•ืด ืคื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืข. ื”ืื˜ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื’ืณื™ืžืก ื’ืณื•ื™ืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืดืื•ืœื™ืกืกืด ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืจืกื™ืกื™ื, ืฉื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช, ืžื•ืกืจ, ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื, ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืจืงื ืคืจืื ืฅ ืงืืคืงื” ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืœื ืจืง ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ึพื’ื’ ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืื—ืจื™ื”. ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืกืจืชึพื‘ื™ืช โ€” .ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ โ€” ืžื”ื•? ื‘ืžืื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื’ื ืŸ ืขื“ ืœื”ืคืจื–ื” ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ึพืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืคืกืœื™ื ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ึพืชืื ื”, ื˜ืจืงืด ืœื™ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืจื™ึพืžืฉืจืชื™ื โ€” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื‘ืจื•ื—. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื ื“ื—ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื”ืณ ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื•ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื›ืื—ืช ืœืชื•ืš ืฆืจื™ืฃืณ ืฆืจื™ึพืคื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื•ืก ืœืžื—ืฆื”. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื• ื•ื’ื’ ื—ืกืจ. ื”ืงื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืื™ื ื ื• โ€” ,ืœื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืกืคืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืœื•ื—ืžืช ืฉืชืฆื™ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื, ืืœื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืฃ. ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื™ืจ ื”ืคืจื•ืฅ ื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™-ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื“ื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืกื” ืžืกืชืžื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืง ื ื•ืคื™ื ืงื•ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืณื•ื™ื ื•ืงืืคืงื”. ื’ื ื’ื’ ื—ืกืจ ืœื•, ืœืื“ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™. ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื’ ื•ืงื ื”ึพืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืฆืจื” ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื”, ืื ื›ื™ ื–ืจืžื™ื ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ืœืžื›ื‘ื™ืจ. ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื“ืคื•ืกื™ึพืžื•ืกืจ. ื‘ืœืชื™ึพืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸึพื“ื•ืจื ื• ื ื’ื“ ืกืขืจื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืื•ืœื ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืณ ื›ื™ ืœื ืฉืืฃ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช, ืคืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจึพื—ื‘ืชึพืืคื™ืงื™ื โ€” .ื”ื ื” ื”ืงื™ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื›ืžืฉืขื ืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ืœื‘ืŸึพ ืชืงื•ืคืชื ื•ืดืžืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ืก. ืืชื™ ื”ืžืชื›ืช ื”ืžืจื›ืกื™ืกืชื™ืช ืื›ืœื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชืžื™ืกื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช. ืื•ืœื ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ, ืื• ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•, ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืขื•ื“, ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช โ€” ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸึพืงื‘ืข. ื”ืงื™ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ โ€” ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฆืชื•ืคืคื™ื ื‘ืฆืœื•. ื—ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืชื• ื–ื™ื’ืžื•ื ื“ ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ื•ืคืกื™ึพื›ื•ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ืฉืžื• ื•ืชื•ืืจื• ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ื• โ€” .ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื” ืœื—ื‘ื•ืง ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืงืจื•ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฉืžืช ืื ื•ืฉ. ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ โ€” ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื•, ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืžืขื˜ื™ื. ื“ืจืš ื—ืœื•ื ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื•ื”ื ืืคืœื™ืืณ ืงืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘. ืžืชื•ื›ื• ืชืฆืžื— ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืจ. ืืฆืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžื“ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื”. ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•, ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื•ื” ืื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืงืจื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ืžืขื’ืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืชืกื’ืจื ื” ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ. ืืš ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืจื•ืชื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื ื•ืกึพื—ืื•ืชึพื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืฆืจืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื’ืื•ื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืกื™ืงื” ื”ื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืชืงื•ืคื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขืดื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื˜ื•ืžื™ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื•ื, ืžืชืื‘ืงื™ื ื”ืขื ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื‘ืจืกืงื” ื•ืืจื™ื–ื•ื ื”. ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืžื”. ื•ืœืคื ื™ื”ื โ€” ืขื ื ื™ ื”ืขืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืฉื•ื™ืฅ ื•ื˜ืจื‘ืœื™ื ืงื”. ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ ืœื ืคืขื, ื•ื”ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ืขื“ ืœื’ื•ื“ืงื–ืณ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื–ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ืœ. ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื, ืชืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืงืฆืช ืœืึพืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช: ืžื” ื”ืคืจื•ืค ื•ืจืฆื™ื”, ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืžืชื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื–ื• ืœื–ื•? ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืฉื ื—ืจื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืœืžื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฆื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืžื’ื•ืคื” ื ื•ืฆืจ, ื ื–ืจืข, ื ื‘ื˜ ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช. ื’ื ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืขืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืก ืœื”ืคืจื–ื” ื•ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื—ืžื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืื ื™ืœื™ื‘ื™ืฅ, ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื˜ื ื ื‘ื•ื™ืึพื˜ืžืจื•ืฃ ืื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ ื’ื™ืœื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืžืืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืฉืžื™ื“ื˜, ืืจื™ื” ืฆื•ืงืจ ืื• ื™ื™ื‘ื“ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื’ืืœ ืืœื•ืŸ. ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืช? ืžื™ ืžืืชื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจ, ืฉื”ืคืกื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคื™ ืฉืฉื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืฅ ื›ืืŸ, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช? ืœื ืจืง ืขื ืงืฉื”ึพืขื•ืจืฃ ืื ื—ื ื•. ื’ื ืฉื‘ื˜ ืดืคื—ื– ื›ืžื™ืืด .ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ื“ื™ ืœื“ืคื“ืฃ ืจืง ื‘ืขืชื•ื ื™ื ืืจืฆื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• (ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืกื›ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ืœื˜ืœื ื• ืžื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื”, ืคืง- ืคืงื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื•, ื—ืจื“ื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื“ื ื•, ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ืŸึพื‘ืจื™ืช ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ, ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืืชื” ื”ืฉื›ืจื•ื– ื”ืžืชื•ืง. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืžืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ืœืชื•ืš ืืžื‘ื˜ึพื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื—ื”, ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื ื•ื ื™ึพื›ื•ื—ืณ ืฉืจืจื” ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช. ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื™ โ€” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ื ืื•ืžื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื•ืžืคืงื“ื™ ืฆื‘ื. ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื™ โ€” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•, ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื“ืคื“ืคื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง. ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืดืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”ืด ืื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉืด ื‘ืžืœื™ืฆื” ื”ืฉื’ื•ืจื” ืขืชื” ื‘ืคื™ ื›ืœ. ื™ืฉ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืดืฆื ืขืด ื•ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื ื• ื•ื‘ืœ ืœืงืจืืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื•ืœื ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื•, ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืื•ืœื™ ืœื‘ืจืงึพื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื, ืœื™ืขืจ ืขืœื™ ื–ื™ืช ื•ื’ืคืŸ, ืœืคืจืืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžื–ื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื’ื ื–ืืช: ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืคื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืืœื”ืณ ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ. ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืืฆืœื ื• ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง. ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ืจืงืข ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขืžื•ืงึพืฉืจืฉื™ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจื• ืื—ื“ โ€” ื‘ื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืชื•ืš ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื โ€” ,ืฉื•ืงืขืช ื”ื’ื•ืœื”, ื’ื ื”ื’ื•ืœื” ืดื”ืฉืœื™ื•ื•ื”ืด ืœืื˜ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื”. ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื” ื”ื˜ืจื’ื™. ืืช ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ. ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืืจื™ืื•ืคืื’ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ืจื™ ื‘ืจื’ืกื•ืŸ, ืฉืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืชื. ืคืจื ืืฅ ืงืืคืงื”ืณ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืจ ืžืกืžื˜ืื•ืช ื™ืžื™ึพื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจืื’ ืžื”ืจืดืœื™ืช, ื•ืื•ื˜ื• ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืจ, ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืขืœ ืกืฃ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื’ื ื™ื—ื“. ืœื™ื‘ ื˜ืจื•ืฆืงื™ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื’ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื”ืด ื•ืœื™ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื, ืื‘ื™ืจ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืื•ืœื™, ืฉืœ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื–ื ื”ื•ืžื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื ื” ื”ืจืฆืœ, ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื•ื ื•ืจื“ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืคืชืื•ืก ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืœื˜ื™ืจโ€ข ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ, ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืชืจื›ื™ื– ืžื•ืคืœื ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืžื–ืจื—ึพืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืžืื•ื™ื™ื• ื•ืชืงื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœืณ ื’ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ ืžืคืขืœื• ื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื–ื›ื”ืด, ื–ืื‘ ื–ืณื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืกืงื™ืณ ื•ืื•ืชื• ืื™ืฉ ืจื‘ึพืคืขืœื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื™ื– ื•ื”ืฉื™ื’ืด โ€” ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืŸึพื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื™ื“ืขื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื” ืขืจื‘ ื›ืœื™ื•ื ื” ืื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—.ื . ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ื•ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื™ื™ื’ ื•ืคืจืื ืฅ ื•ืจึพืคืœ, ืื™ืœื™ื” ืืจื ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื•ืœื•ืื™ืก ื‘ืจื•ืžื™ ืคื™ืœื“, ืžืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืืŸ ื”ืจื“ืŸ ื•ืงืืจืœ ืงืจืื•ืก, ืื’ื•ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฉ ื•ืืจื˜ื•ืจ ืงืกื˜ืœืจืณ ื™ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืคืืกื˜ืจื ืืง, ืฉ .ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ, ื™ื‘ื“ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื–ื–, ื–ืœืžืŸ ืฉื ื™ืื•ืจ ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืืฉ, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’, ืงืืจืœ ืจืื“ืง ื•ืชื™ืื“ื•ืจ ืœืกื™ื ื’, ื•ืืœื˜ืจ ืจืื˜ื ื•ื™ ื•ืœื•ืจื“ ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’, ืงืื’ืื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื•ื”ื•ืจึพื‘ื™ืœื™ืฉื”, ืืช ืžืืจืง ืฉืื’ืืœ, ื•ืืช ืžื•ื“ื™ึพืœืื ื•, ืืช ืืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืกืœ ื•ืืช ื ืชืŸ ืจืคืคื•ืจื˜, ืืช ื’ื•ืกืกื‘ ืžืื”ืœ ื•ืืช ื’ืจืด ืฉื•ื•ื™ืŸ... ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืœื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื ื™ืฆื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉืณ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืื”ืจื•ื ืกื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื˜ืจื•ืžืคืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื—ื™ืด ืขื ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ืžื—ืชืจืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”. ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื“ื™ื“ื ื• ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื, ืงืกืื‘ืจื™ ืคืจื•ึพืฉื™ื ืกืงื™, ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืดืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ืื•ืดื ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช , 1947 ื‘ื™ืงืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืกืคืจื• ืœื™, ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื’ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืคื™ืจืกื ืกืคืจ ื ืœื”ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืดืืจืฅึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืชืด, ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ืกืงื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ : ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื•. ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืœึพื™ื—ื™ื“, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื” ื ืชืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช. ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ืžืื–, ืืฃ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืคื–ื•ืจื™ื• ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ื—. ืžื” ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืื™ืคืืณ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ ืžื ื›ืจ, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื‘ืฅ ื•ืžืจื›ื– ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช: ืžืขืฆืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช? ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช? ื“ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”? ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืžืชื•ืงืŸ? ืชื ืดืš ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—: ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืงื•ื ืคื”, ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ืœ ืœืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื. ืžื›ืืŸ, ืžืื•ืชื” ืืจืฅ ื•ืžืื•ืชื• ืขื ื›ืžืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ื ืฉื ื”. ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื“ื ื• 4414 : .ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ,ืžืกืณ 637 ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ืจึพื’ื™ื•ืจื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืืจื ืงื• ืžืชืืจื’ื ื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื” ืžืจื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื”ืคืจื•ึพื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื ื“-ื—ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื. ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืจื•ืงื• ื”ื™ื•ื โ€” ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืชื• โ€” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื. ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ึพืขื™ืช ื ื›ื ืขื” ืžืจื•ืงื• ืœื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืœื—ืžื• ื›ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ื ื ืกื•ื’ื• ืขืžื“,ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืจื™ ื”ืื˜ืœืก. ืฆืืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืืœื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื. ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ืืณ ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ึพืื”ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ึพืžืงื ื”ืณ ื•ืœื ื ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ื‘ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืงื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื“ืดืจื™ื, ืฉืคืงื“ื•ื ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ืจืณ ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื ืก. ืฉืคืชื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ืดืš ืœืœื ืžืœื™ื ืืจืžื™ื•ืช, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืชึพื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืคืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ืžืกืคืจื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ื. ืขืจื™ ืžืจื•ืงื• ืžืื•ื›ืœืกื•ืช ืจื‘ืข ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ื, ืฉื‘ืื• ืžืกืคืจื“ ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื™ืดื“ ื•ื”ื˜ืดื•. ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื• ื‘ืขื•ืœ ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉืจืื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืฆื•ืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ืžืคื ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1912 ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืฆืจืคืช ืœืžืจื•ืงื•. ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืžืฉื• ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืœื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื—ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืงื• ื‘ื“ืชื ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืจืฆื—, ืฉื•ื“ ื•ื—ื˜ื™ืคืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช โ€” ,ื ืคืกืงื•. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื ืืœืฅ ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ืืŸ, ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื—ืกื•ืช ืฆืจืคืชืณ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื”ื•- ื“ื™ื ื•ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื›ืกืคื™ื ื•ืื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืฆื™ื”. ืฉื• ืขืžื“ ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ. ื”ื•ื›ื ื• ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžื—ื ื•ืชึพื”ืฉืžื—ื”. ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ึพื“ื‘ืจ ืกืคืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืช ื›ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ึพื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืืœื’ืณื™ืจื™ื”ืณ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฆืคื•ืŸึพืืคืจื™ืงื”. ื‘ืจื’ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ื–ื” ืืจืข ื ืก ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืจื•ืงื• ืžื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืจื•ืฅ. ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื ื—ืชื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ืžืจื•ืงื•. ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื–ื•ืžืžื™ ื”ืจืขื” ื ื‘ื”ืœื• ื•ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืจื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช ,1948 ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื™, ื ืขืจืš ืคื•ื’ืจื•ื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื•ื’ืณื“ื”, ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืžืจื•ืงืื™ืช ื ื“ื—ืช, ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื ื™ื›ืจ. ื”ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื— ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื ื“ื•ื ื• ืœืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ืงืœื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืคื—ื“ื• ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืจืื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืชืณ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ืื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืช. ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—, ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื—ื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขื•ื˜ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื”. ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืื•ืคืฉืจื” ื”ืขื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืžืคืœื’ื” ื–ื• ื ืœื—ืžืช ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืขืฉืชื” ืœืขืชื™ื ื™ื“ ืื—ืช ืขื ืคื•ืจืขื™ื, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืฉืจืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืฆืดื•. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืžืจื•ืงื•. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืงื‘ืœื• ื ืชื™ื ื•ืช ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื ืกื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื ื›ื™ ืš ืชื™ื ืขื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื•ื—ื•ื˜ืจ ื“ืื’ื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื”ื“ืœื•ืช ืขืฉืชื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืžื™ืชื•ืช ืื—ื•ื– ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื” ืื—ืช ืงืฉื”. ื ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืข ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืœื ืชืขืœื” ืชื•ืš ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ. ืžื–ื” ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืœื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื“ึพ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจืข ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ,ืดืฉื‘ื’ื“ื•ืด ื‘ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืชื, ื”ืžืจื•ืงืื™ืช, ื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ . 1942 ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ืขืžื“ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืœื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื•ื•ื™ืฉื™. ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืจื- ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืฉื ื™ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืงืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื›ื”ื ื™ ื”ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ื‘ื•ืจื•ืชื ื”ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื >ืจืง ื›ึพ^ื™ 10 ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืชื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื”ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ื“ืœืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื•ื ืงื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืžืฉื—ื™ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ืš ื‘ืงืจื ืดื•ืœื•ื˜ื”ืด ืœื‘ืœ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืกืคืกื•ืช.ืดื•ืœื•ื˜ื”ืด ืžื–ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ืจื›ื•ืชื• ื™ื™ื–ื™ื™ื™ื“ืจ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื. ืจืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื ื ืชื ื™ื ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืื” ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืžืคื’ืจ ื•ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ื”ื’ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื›ื ื™ื• ื‘ืžื•ืกืจ, ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจ. ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืจื•ืงื• ืื™ื ื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืขืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื‘ืงื™ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืก ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืืจืข ืœื”ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื. ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื ื”ืชื’ืฉืžื• ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ื’ื™ืขื•. ื‘ื™ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ึพืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื™ ืžืจื•ืงื• .ืดืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ืืด ื‘ืื” ืœื”ื ืœืœื ื”ื›ื ื”. ื‘ื—ืคื–ื•ืŸ ื ืžื›ืจื• ื—ืคืฆื™ึพื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื” ื ื”ื™ืจื” ื ื—ืคื–ืช ืืœ ื ืžืœื™ ื”ื”ืคืœื’ื”. ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืงื™ืคื” ืžืื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฆืืช ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™. ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคืชื•ื— ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืœื›ื ืก ืืกื™ืคื•ืช ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื•ืช. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ, ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื‘ืชื™ึพืจ,ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ึพื”ืกืคืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืชืงื•ืคืช ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื‘ื•ืจืจืช ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ืจ ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืช ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื•ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื”. ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขืœื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงืŸ ื‘ืžืจื•ืงื• ื•ื‘ื—ืœืงืŸ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช. ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ืณื•ืžื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืžื—ื ื•ืชึพืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื”,ืก. ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื“,ืณื•ืœืคืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœื—ื ื•ืš ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืช ืžืืจื•ืงื• ืœืงืจืืช ื—ืกื•ืœื” ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ. ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ืœืงื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉื ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ืช ืื ืฉื™ ืžืืจื•ืงื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. /ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ืœืšึพ ื”ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืžืขืœ ืœืจืืฉื• ื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸึพืžื“, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืืช ืฉืคืžื• ื”ืขื‘ :ืดื›ืŸ โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืข ื”ืขื™ืจื”ืด. ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื“ื—ืฃ ืืช ื”ื ืขืจ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืœื ื”ื’ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืงื•ื‘. ืดื‘ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ืœื“?ืด ืฉืืœ ื”ื ื”ื’. ืดื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉืด ืืžืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ. ื”ื ื”ื’ ืœื˜ืฃ ืืช ืชืœืชืœื™ื• ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื : ืดื”ื•ื ื ื—ืžื“ืณ ืืžืจ, ื”ื’ื‘ืจ (ื•ื ืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืื‘ื™ื•) ื—ื™ื™ืš ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ื”ื’. ืžื‘ื˜ื• ืืžืจ ืชื•ื“ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืงื‘ ื”ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ืœื›ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฆื ื—ื• ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืคื ื•ื™, ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ืจื™ืง ื‘ื—ืฆื™ื• ื•ื”ืชื—ื ื” ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืžื” ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื. ื”ื ื”ื’ ืฉื‘ ื•ืคื”ืง ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืื™ ืฉืžึพืขืœื™ื•. ืื—ืจ ื—ืฉืฃ ืืช ืฉื ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื—ื ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจ. ืดืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืงื˜ โ€” .ืืžืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ โ€” ืื ืœื ืชืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืงื˜, ืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”ืด. ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื•, ื‘ืื‘, ื•ื ืฆื˜ืžืฆื ืงืžืขื” ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•, ื”ื ืขืจ, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื ืชืื•ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื‘ ื›ืš ื›ื“ืงื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืขืจ, ื ืขืจ ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืกืงืจืŸ ืžืื•ื“ืณ ื ื–ื“ืงืฃ ืื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคื–ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื”ืื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ืจื ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื›ืคื™ ืงื•ืžืชื•, ืœื ืื˜ ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ืขื ืฉืื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื‘ืขื“ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”. ืื“ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ืดืื‘ื -ืืžืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ -ืื‘ืืœืณื”, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”ืด. โ€” ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœืจืื•ืช, ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘ โ€” ืื™ื“ ืœืš ืžื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ืดืจืง ืจื’ืข โ€” ื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ื”ื ืขืจ โ€” ืจืง ืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”ืด. ืดืจื ื™ โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘ โ€” ืจื ื™, ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉึพืงื˜, ืื ืœื ืชืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืงื˜, ืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”ืด. ื”ื ืขืจ ืฉื‘ ื•ื ืฆื˜ืžืฆื ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ื•ืœื›ืกืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื ื” ืืœ ื”ืื‘. ืดื›ืŸ โ€”ืืžืจ ื”ื ื”ื’ โ€” ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืข ืœืชืœ- ืื‘ื™ื‘ืด. ืืฉื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื›ืœื‘ืœื™ ืงื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืจื• ื‘ืจื•ื“. ื”ื ื”ื’ ื ืงื‘ ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื” :ืดืืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืกืœืด ืืžืจ, ื”ื- ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื• ื’ืžื•ืจืชึพืจื•ื— :ืดืื ื™ ืืฉึพืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•ืด ืืžืจื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขืœื’ืช. ืดืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืกืœืด. . ืืžืจ ื”ื ื”ื’. ืดื”ื›ืœื‘ ื ืงื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” โ€” .ืืžืจื” ื”ืืฉื” โ€” ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื ืงื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืื—ื“ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกืด. ื”ื™ืชื“, ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื”ื’ ืžื“ื“, ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ืš, ืืœื ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืกืงื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ :ืดื ืงื™ ืื• ืœื ื ืงื™ โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืกืœืด. ื”ืืฉื“, ื—ื“ืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกืณ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื•ืจื ื™ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ. ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืžืจื˜ื ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ื’ื—ื›ื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื”. ื’ื ื”ื ื”ื’ ื—ื™ื™ืš. ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื•ืชื”ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื‘ืœื‘ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื” : ืดืื‘ื โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ื ืขืจ โ€” ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื ื•ืฉืš?ืด ื”ืื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืืฉื” ื•ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ, ื ืื” ืœืžื“ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืงืžื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืฆื—ื”: ืดืœื โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื•ืฉืš. ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืขื•ื“ืด. ื”ื ืขืจ ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœื‘ืœื‘ :ืดื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื•ืจื“ื™ ื ืฉืš ืืช ืจื ื“,ืณืœื” ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸืด ,ืืžืจ. ืืœ ืชืคื—ื“ โ€” ื”ืื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื”, ืื• ื‘ื›ืœื‘ืœื‘, ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื (ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ )14 ืดื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ,ืžืืณ 637 ืฉื”ืจื”ืจ, ื•ืื•ืชื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื•, ื•ืื•ืชื ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื, ืฉื ืฉืชื‘ื—ื” ืฉืจื™ื ื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื•ืœื” ื ืขืจื” ืžื‘ื™ืจื ืขืžื™ืงืชื ื•ืžืชืจื•ืžืžืช ืžื”ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ, ืฉืงื•ืขื” ื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื›ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืจื˜ืœืช ื–ื• ื•ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื–ื”, ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฆื, ืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื•ื ื”. ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืณื•ืžืงืœืคืช ืžืžื ื” ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช, ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืขื˜ืคื• ืœื ื”ืจื™ ื™ื•ืืœ ื“ืื– ื›ื™ื•ืืœ ื“ืขื›ืฉื•, ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืืœ ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ืคื ื•ื”ื˜ืžื™ื ื•ื” ืžืชื—ืชืŸ. ื•ื™ืฉ, ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ืœื ื•, ืขืช ื™ื•ืกืจื• ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช, ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉืžื”ืณ ื•ื™ืฉ, ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” โ€” ื—ืฉื›ืชื”. ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืื ื• ืดืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืืชื” ืœื ื ืฉืชื ื™ืช ืืžืจื” ืฉืžืชื’ืœื™ืช ืœื ื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื” ื”ืฆืจื•ื“ ืฉืžืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืชึพืœืขื’ ื”ื“ื”ื“ื” ื‘ื• โ€” ืดืืฃ ืคืขื ืœืชืจืฅ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืืคืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืžืขืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจึพื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืืด ืงืžื” ื•ืคื ืชื” ืœื™ืžื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ื ื™ื—ื ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ืขืจื•ื•ืชื• ื•ืขืจื˜ื•ืœื•. ื•ืกื•ืžื™ื ืื ื• ืœื›ืœื™ื ื•ืืกืคืชื. ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ึพื”ืื•ืจื”, ืกื•ืžื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื• ืœืจืื™ืช ืขื ืžืคืœืกืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืœืื•ืชื” ื“ืขืชื›ื ืžื” ื ื›ื•ื—ื”, ืžืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื ื—ืื•ืชื”, ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ื™ืฉ โ€” ืคืจื•ืฆื”. ื•ื›ื™ ืชืืจ ืœื• ืžื™ืžื™ื• ืฉืคืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื“,ืขื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื•ืช, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ืกืจื• ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ, ืืœื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืชืจ, ืจืฉืžืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื•ืขื•ืžื“, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื”ืŸ. ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืืฃ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืืจืขื•, ืœื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื ื™ืฉื‘ ืžืื™ืจืณืงื” ื•ื”ืื–ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืืœ ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื ื‘ืืฆื˜ื’ื ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ืœื•ื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืคืชืข ื•ื”ื ื™ืข ืจืืฉื•, ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉืงืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืชืง ืžื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืขืžื“ ื‘ื•. ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ื ื™ื— ืœื™ื•ืืœ ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืžืจื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”, ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ, ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจ ื™ื•ืืจ ืฉืฉืจื™ื ื”, ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื•ื‘ืื”, ื•ื™ื“ืข, ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื• ืœื ืชืฆื ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืคื ื™ื ื”ื’ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื•ืืณ ื•ืจืื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืชื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื”. ืฉืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื”, ืžืœื’ื• ื•ืžืœื‘ืจ, ื•ื™ืฆืื” ื‘ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ. ื•ื›ืœ ืืžืช, ืื•ืชืŸ ื ืขืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฆื‘ื, ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ึพ ืื•ืชื ื”ื‘ืจื ืฉื™ื ื”ืงื•ืจืฆื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื, ืขื•ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื, ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื ืžืกื›ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืœื‘ื. ืื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ืฆืจื™ื, ืขื•ื“ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืคืกืขื” ืฉืจื™ื ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ื ื•ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื—ืžื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ืจืฆื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืจืคื•ืคื•ืช, ื ืกืชื‘ืจื• ืœื”ืŸ ืžืคืชื— ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืืœ. ื›ืžื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืžื•ืงืฆื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืจืชื•, ืฉื”ื ื™ืขื” ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื•ืงื• ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ. ืžืฉื”ืกืชื›ืœืช ืœืชื•ืš ืขื™ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื ืขืจื•ื ืช, ื”ืฆื™ืฆื” ืจืฆื™ ืฉืขืจื”, ื•ืคืกืขื” ื•ื™ืฆืื”. ื”ืฉืขืจ ื—ืจืง ื•ืกื’ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืš ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ืžืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชื“, ืงืฉื™ืฉื” ืžืžืš ื“ืžื•ืชื” ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ืžื“ื™ ืฆื‘ื. ืžืื™ืจืณืงื” ืจื‘ืฅ ื‘ื›ืกืื• ื‘ืชืจื™ืกืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ืžืขืงื™ืžืช ืฉืคืชื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืžืคื™ืš ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืืœ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ืกื’ื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื”, ื•ืœื ืืชื” ื•ืฉื›ืžื•ืชืš ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืžืจื•ืชื›ื ืขืœื™ื”, ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• โ€” ื”ืจื”ืจ โ€” ืฉืœื— ื™ื“ืš ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืณื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืžืš. ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ื–ืงืคื• ื—ื˜ืžืŸ ืืœึพืขืœ. ื ื, ื ื, ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื ื• ืืœื ืฉืฉืจื™ื ื”, ืื™ืคื›ื ืžืกืชื™ื‘ืจื. ืžืชื™ื—ืกืช ื”ื™ืชื“, ืื•ืชืŸ, ืจืื™ื ื•. ื ืชืžืœื ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ื ืงื ื•ืขื‘ืจื”. ื‘ื‘ื•ื– ื’ืœื•ื™ ืืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืฉืžื ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื ืชืจืคื ืœื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื•ืžื”ื“ืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืžื˜ื‘ื—. ืžืฉืžืข, ื—ืฉื” ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ืกื™ื• ืžืœืื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื ื™ ื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืœื”. ืžืฉื”ื•, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ื ื”ืคืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ื”. ื•ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ืคื ืงืกื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืงืข ืณื•ืื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื, ื™ื•ืืœ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจึพืžืฆื•ื”. ืฉืขื” ืฉืจืฆื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื•. ื“ื‘ืจึพืžืฆื•ื” ืืœื, ืฉื“ื ืขืงื, ืœื ื–ื™ืžื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื—ืœืคื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื—ื™ื ื ืงืคื•, ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžืฆื•ึพื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื˜ืœื˜ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืชึพื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืฉื ื›ืื‘ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืคื ืงืก ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ (ื•ื›ื™ ื—ืœื ืžื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ื?) ื•ืคื’ืฉ ืืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ืŸ, ืœื ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื ืœื›ืืŸ. ื—ื‘ืจื• ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ืœื”ื ืืชื• ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ื•ื ื”ื ื” ืžื–ื™ื•ื•ื” ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืฉืžืข: ื ืขืฉืชื” ื—ื•ื‘ืฉืช ื•ื ื–ื›ืจื” ืœืฉื‘ื— ืฉืœ ื—ืžื”. ืื•ื”ื• ื—ื™ื™ืžืณืงื” ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ื”ื•ื, ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืชึพื”ื™ื•ืืณ .ื•ื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืคื˜ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืชื™ืงื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืš, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื”, ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก, ืฉื–ื•ืงืคื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืžืขืฉื™ืึพื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืคืขืœ ื›ื‘ืจ โ€” ื—ืœื. ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ, ืžื” ื™ืฉ? ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ืฉืขื•ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืŸึพื—ืกื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื”ื™ื™ืช ืื–ืจื— ืžื™ืžื™ืš? ืžืฆื™ืื” ืžืฆื, ืื–ืจื—. ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจ ื’ื–ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืคื’ืฉื ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฆืœื•ื—ื™ืช. ื•ื ืคื’ืฉื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืฉื•ื›ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชึพื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืžืกืชืžื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ืืณ ืžืื™ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ืœื•. ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื›ืกืึพื ื•ื— ื•ืžื ืกื” โ€” ืดื ื•, ื•ืžื” ื›ื›ื”ืด ืฉืืœ ื™ื•ืืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืกืชื ืœืคืชืข ื›ื•ื—ื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืจื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืžื˜ืชื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ื ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืืœื•ืชื™ื•. ืชื›ื—ื” ืžืžื ื• ื’ื™ืจืกืชืึพื“ืคืกื™ืขื”. ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื ืชืงืข ื‘ืจื’ืœื• โ€” ืดืขื›ื™ืฉื• ืื ื™ ืจืง ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื ืงืžื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื•ืจื•ืชืด ื‘ืจืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืžืงื•ื ื ืื” ืœืฉื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืขืงืฉ ืืžืจ ื—ื™ื™ืžืงื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืื™ื“ ,ืดื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืชื” ื–ืงื™ืคืช ื—ื•ื˜ื ืขืช ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืืจ, ื•ืืฃ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉื›ื• ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืฆื‘ื, ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉืฉื™ื. ืจืง ื’ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ื‘ ืœื”. ื”ื™ื• ืดืกื‘ื•ื›ื™ืืด ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืคื’ืขื™ื ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื›ืคืชื• ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื˜ื ื ืชื’ื“ืขื” ืงื•ืžืชื• ื•ื ืฉืชืคืœื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช, ืขื›ืฉื• ืืช ื™ื•ืืœ ืœืžื˜ืชื•, ืืš ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืขืชืจ ื”ืจื•ืคื ืœื”ืคืฆืจื•ืชื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžืื” ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฆืžืื™ื ื•ืจืขื‘ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชืš, ืณื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ืงืžืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช, ืœื ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™. ืžืื” ื™ืฉ โ€” ื›ืžื•ืš! ื”ืืžื ื ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“. ื—ืฉ ืืฃ ื™ื•ืืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ืชื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ื™ืจ ืฆื•ื ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงืœื— ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ืžืณืงื”, ื›ืš ื™ืื” ืœื”ืŸ. ืื•ืชื™ื• ื›ื‘ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”, ืจืื” ืœืคืชืข ื ื™ ื•ืชื”, ืืช ืฉืจื™ื ื”. ืดืื’ื‘ โ€” ืฉืืœ ืœืคืชืข โ€” ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืชื” ืืช ืฉืจื™ื ื”, ืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื” ื—ืคืฅ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื” ืืœื ืฉื ืชืงืข ื–ืืช ืžื”ืžื˜ื‘ื—?ืด. ื”ืงื•ืœ ื‘ื’ืจื•ื ื• ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื. ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•. ,ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžื”. ืดืฉืืœื” ื™ืคื”ืด โ€” ืืžืจ ื—ื™ื™ืžืงื” โ€” ืดื•ื”ืœื ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืžื ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื•. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื• ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœืžืงืฆื•ืขื”ืด. ืžืžื ื” ืขืฆืžื”? ื ืฉืชื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื” ืžื“ื“, ืชืžื”ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืดืžืงืฆื•ืขื”? โ€” ื ื‘ื”ืœ ื™ื•ืืœ โ€” ืดืื™ื–ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืข?ืด. ืจืชื™ืขื”, ืฉืจื™ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื”. ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื™ืžืงื”. ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ื•, ืžืื™ืจืณืงื”, ืฉืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืคืฆื™ืข ืดื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืด .ืืžืจ ,ืณื•ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ืจื’ืœื• ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื—ืฆืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ืชืขืžืงื• ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš โ€” ื™ื“ืขื ื™. ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื• ืœืคืชืข ื•ืฉืคืชื™ื• ืคืฉื•ืงื•ืชึพื—ื™ื•ืš : ืขืžื“ ื™ื•ืืœ ื•ืชืœื” ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ืœื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื ืจืื” โ€” ืจืื™ืช? โ€” ืžื”? โ€” ื”ืชืžื ื™ื•ืืœ ืณื•ืขืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื•. ื•ืžื” ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื”? ื™ืฆื ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืœืชืงืŸ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžื”ื•ืžื” ื•ืžื•ืฉืคืœ. ืฉื”ื—ืจื™ื“ื•ื”ื• ืžืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•. ืžืฉืœ ืจืžืชื” ืื•ืชื• ื–ื•, ื™ื”ืชืœื” ื‘ื•, ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืชื“, ืžื” โ€” ืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืจื™ื ื” ื–ืืช ืฉ โ€” ื›ืŸ, ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” โ€” ,ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘ืงื•ืฆืจึพืจื•ื— โ€” ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ. ื•ื›ื™ ืžื”ื• ืžืชืžื” ื›ืœึพื‘ืš, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ืฉืžืฉ. ื”ืœื ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื“ืข ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื›ื™ืจ. ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ื• ืžืื™ืจืณืงื” ื‘ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื•ื‘ืชึพืฆื—ื•ืง ื˜ืคืกืจ, ื•ื”ืช ื›ื–ื• ื”ื™ื, ืžืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’. ื”ืืžื ื? .ื ืฉืžื˜ืช ืจืื” ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืš ื”ื•ืื•ื”ื•ืœืš! ,ื•ื”ืงืจืงืข ื’ื ื‘ื” ืœื–ื•ื™ืช ืคื™ื•. ืžืชื—ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื•, ืฉื•ื˜ื” ืžื•ืคืœื’ ืฉื›ืžื•ืชื™, ื—ื™ื•ืš ืžืจื™ืจ. โ€” ืžื” ื™ืฉ โ€” ืฉืืœ โ€” ื ื›ื•ื•ื™ืช? ื ืชื”ืจื”ืจ ื™ื•ืืœ ืงืžืขื: ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื’ื ื›ืš. ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื•ืช โ€” ื‘ืžื•ื—ืš ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื• โ€” ื—ืคื– ืขืœื™ื• ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืงื•ืคืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื™ืจืณืงื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื... ืคื ื” ื•ื”ืœืš. ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืš. ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื“ืขืชื• ืžื”ื™. ื•ืกื— ืœืžืื™ืจืณืงื” ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ื ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื” ืžืชืœื—ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืืฃ ืฉืืžืจื• ื–ืืช ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™, ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจึพื”ืื›ืœ, ื•ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื“ื•ืงื: ื”ืคืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขืจ, ื”ื™ืชื“, ืฉืจื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืœืคืชึพืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื•ืœ ืคืชื— ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื•ื ืขืœืžืช ืœืชื•ื›ื•. ืดืงื‘ืฆื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคืœื•ื’ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื“ืด ืืžืจ ื—ื™ื™ืžืณืงื” ืดืžื™ืœื, ืืคืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื›ืžื•ื›ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื•? ! ื•ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืขืก ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื•ื‘ืฉืงืฉื•ืง ืžื ืชื• ืฉืœืคื ื™ื•, ื—ื™ื™ืš ื‘ืจื•ื‘ึพืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ื ืงืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ,ืดืกืžื•ืšืด ืืžืจ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ืกืžื•ืš, ืžืกืชืžื ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื” ืœืกืžื•ืจ ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ ืœืกืžื•ืš, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืืžืจ โ€” ,ืจืžื–. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืœื—ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืขื ืงืณืœื” ืžืคืงื“ึพื”ืคืœื•ื’ื”, ืฉื‘ืš ื•ื›ืš, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ืืš ื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ืœื•. ื™ื“ืข ื™ื•ืืœ ืฉืืžืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœื ื ืกืชืจ ืžืื™ืฉ ืฉืฉืจื™ื ื” ืœื ื ืฉืชื‘ื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื“, ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืืชื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ืื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื•, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื. ื™ื“ืข ื–ืืช ื™ื•ืืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืืš ืžืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื”, ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื”, ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ, ื—ื•ืœืคืช ื‘ื—ืคื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ืคืชื— ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื—, ื ืจืื” ืœื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืžื”, ืฉืืœ ืœื• ืœืคืกื•ืง ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ืœื ื‘ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื”. ...ืฉืขืจื•ืชื™ื” ืื“ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•, ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื›ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืคื–ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ. ื’ื‘ื•ื”ืชึพืงื•ืžื”, ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืคืœื•ื’ื”ืณ ื•ืฉื—ื•ืžืชึพืขื™ืŸ, ื•ืขื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ืงื•ืœื” ื›ืงื•ืœ ืคืขืžื•ืŸึพ ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื ืกื“ืง ื•ื ืฆืจื“ ืžืจื•ื‘ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืจืง ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืชืคืืจืชื™ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžื ืขื“, ืขืฆืžื” ืชื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจืชื, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื˜ืขื ื•, ื•ื›ื™ ืจืขื™ื ืื ื• ืžื”ืื ื’ืœื™ื. ืืš ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื• ื•ืขืžื“ื• ืœืคื ื™ื” ื ืกืชืชืžื• ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ, ืชื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื ืžื‘ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืงืจื‘ื” ืืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื. ืดืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืืœื”ืณืณ ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืดืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื” ืฆื“ื™ืงื” ืืฆืœื ื•, ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืจื—ื ื”ืฉืืด ื•ืงืจืฅ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•. ื”ืฉืืจ ืคืจืฆื• ื‘ืฆื—ื•ืง ืจื. ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื™ื•ืืœ ืœืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื•ืš, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืžื ืขื” ื‘ืขื“ื•, ืฉืžื ื™ืชืคืกื ื• ืžื™ ื‘ืงืœืงืœืชื• ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชืงื ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืจื ืฉ ืงืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืฆืช. ื”ื™ืชื“, ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืžืขื•ืฆื” ืฉื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืื™ ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื ืฆื‘ ืขืœื™ืš ื‘ืชืจื•ื•ื“ื• ื•ืžื ื™ืกืš ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช. ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืชื“ืคืง ื”ืจืขื‘ ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื ื ืฉื•ืงืงื” ื•ืžื”ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื—ื” ืœืืจื•ื—ื”, ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ, ื–ื• ื ื™ืชื ืช ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื: ื”ืขืคืช ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื ืขืœืžื” ื•ื ื™ืžื•ื—ื” ื‘ืคื™ืš, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื‘ื•ื ืš ืืชืจ. ืขื•ืžื“. ื™ื“ืขื• ื”ื›ืœ, ืฉืžื—ื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœืฉื™ื™ืจื” ึพ ืฉืชืคืจื•ืฅ ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืืžื ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืขื”, ื•ืจืื™ื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ืคืจื•ืกื” ื™ืชืจื” ืœืืจื•ื—ืชึพื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉื˜ืขื ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ื: ืื™ืคื›ื ืžืกืชื‘ืจื. ื•ืœืจืื™ื™ื”, ื”ืœื—ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืื—ืœ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืงืžื— ื”ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืœื—ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ื•ืžืชืจื•ืงื ื™ื. ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื—ืจื” ืœื•, ืœื™ื•ืืœ, ืขืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื” ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื”, ื•ื›ืขืกื• ื ืชื’ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืขืžื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืจื‘ึพืžืœืœ ื•ืจืžื–ื™ื ื•ืขืงื™ืฆื•ืช, ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื™ืื™ื ื‘ื ืกืชืจื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ึพื—ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืงื•ืคืกืชื. ืœื ื’ืจื ืžื–ืœื• ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงืจื‘ ืขื“ ืœื“ืณ ืืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื—, ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืชืื•ื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ื ืขืฉื” ืœื• ื ืก, ืœื™ื•ืืœ, ื•ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชืงืคื•ืชึพื”ืœื™ืœื” ื ืคืฆืข ื‘ืจื’ืœื• ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืชื•ืขื”, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืงืœื™ึพืขืชื• ื—ืจื™ืคื”, ื™ื›ื” ืืœ ื”ืฉืขืจื” โ€” ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื˜ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื–ื• ืฉื ืคื’ืข ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื• ื•ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขืžื”. ืžืฉื ืกืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื ืœืงื— ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืขื–ืจื”ึพื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื ื—ื‘ืฉ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื”ืงืœืข ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื• ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉื›ื‘. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ื ื‘ืื• ืื ืฉื™ึพื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืชึพื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื. ื”ื˜ื‘ื—, ื•ืขืžื• ืฉืจื™ื ื”, ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช, ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ. ืขืฉืฉื™ืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ืฉืคื›ื” ืื•ืจ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื—ื•ืกืคืก ื‘ื—ื“ืจ, ื•ื™ื•ืืœ ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื”, ื‘ืฉืจื™ื ื”. ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืฉืงื•ืขื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื•ืœื ื ืชื ื” ื“ืขืชื” ืขืœ ืื™ืฉ, ื—ื™ื•ืš ืžื•ื–ืจ ืจืฆื“ ืขืœ ืฉืคืชื™ื” ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ืš ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ. ืœืคืชืข ื”ืฉืชืจืจื” ื“ืžืžื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื“ืœ ืฉื˜ืฃ ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ืดืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื˜ืคืœืด ,ืืžืจ ืœืคืชืข. ืดื‘ื˜ื—, ื•ืžื”ืด ืคื ืชื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืคืฆื•ืข ืื—ืจ. ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ื ืกื” ืฉื•ื‘. ืดืœืžื“ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื?ืด ืฉืืœ, ื•ืžื™ื“ ื”ืชื—ืจื˜, ื’ื•ืœืึพ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืžื•ืชื• ืžืžืฉ ืชื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ึพ. ืดืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ื›ืœืด ืืžืจื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžืฅ ืžื‘ื•ื›ื”. ืดื”ื›ืœ ื™ืด ืฉืืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชื—ืจื˜ ืชื™ื›ืฃ ืœืืžื™ืจื”. ืžืŸ ื”ืคื— ืืœ ื”ืคื—ืช, ืคื•ืฆื” ืคื” ื•ืžืฆืคืฆืฃ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืกืชื›ืœื” ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืฉืจ. ืดืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืณื•ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”ืด ืืžืจื”ืด ,ื›ื•ืœื ื›ื›ื”. ื ืขืฉื™ื ืคื” ืื—ืจื™ื. ื’ื ืืชื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืื—ืจ.ืด ืดืื—ืจ? ืื™ืš ืื—ืจ?ืด ืฉืืœ, ืืฃ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืฆื“ืง ืขืžื”. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืจื’ืขื™ื• ืฉืœื•, ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืดื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ,ื ื•ืกืณ 037 ืœื™ ื‘ ืจ ื ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืื‘ืงืชึพื—ืœื‘ ื˜ืขื ืขื“ื™ืŸ โ€ข ืขืจืš ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื—ืœื™ืžื™ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืจืฅึพ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืœืš โ€” ื•ืžื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื. ื›ืฉืคืชื—ื ื•, ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื, ืืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ืดื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืด ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืขื•ื•ื•. ืžื’ืžืชื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืชืช ื—ืœืงื ื• ื‘ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื” ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืขืก ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืจื”ึพื‘ืคื•ืขืœ โ€” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืณ,ื”ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืด, ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืื‘ืœ ื˜ืจื ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืœื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื’ื‘, ืœื ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ. ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉืžืžื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืžื•ืŸ. ื•ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืฉึพืœื™ืžื•ืช ืื ืžืจื™ื ืื ื• ืžืขืชื”: ืืจืฅึพ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื“ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื• ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืืจืฅึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ: ืงื˜ืข ืงืฆืจ, ื ื•ืฉื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื“ืคื•ืก, ื‘ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืชืฉื‘ื•ื—ืช, ื“ื•ืžื ื•ื—ื™, ืžื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ืžืจืื” ื”ื›ืคืจ ืคืงื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœื•ื : ื ืจื™ ื ืœ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืืณ ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืœืคืงื™ืขื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืžืื– ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืคืงื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ, ื—ื–ืจ, ืื—ืจื™ ื’ืžืจ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ, ืœื‘ื™ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ืœืื•ืชื• ื›ืคืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืืช ืžื—ื™ืชื•, ืœื• ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื. ืคืงื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืข ื“ืชื•ืช ื‘ื›ืคื™ืคื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” โ€” : ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ืœืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืฉื•ืžื ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืขืจืช ืจื‘ื™- ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ืื™ืณ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื‘ืš ืื™ืœื ื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื—ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ืืš ืืœื” ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื ื—ืœืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืžื™ ืœื—ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื™ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ..ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืœื™ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืžื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืื•ืช ืืš ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืฉืžืกื•ืจืช ืขืชื™ืงื” ืžืคืขืžืช ื‘ื•, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื•. ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืžืจ ื‘ืŸึพืฆื‘ื™ ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ืกืคืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืื—ื–ื• ื‘ืื“ืžื”. ืืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืœื ื ืฉืื• ืคืจื™. ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืงื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืจื” ืœื ื•. ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืจื—ึพื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื ืงืœ ื™ืชืืงืœืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ืœื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉืคืข. ื›ืžื” ื–ืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืงื˜, ืœืœื ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ืจื‘ื”, ืื•ืจื’ื ื” ื‘ืžื” ื–ืขื™ื›ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื”ื‘ืžื” ืื•ืจื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืงืคื” ืดืืจืžื•ืŸืด ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื, ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื ืœืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืœืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ึพืงืคื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ื”ืืžื ื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืจืชื• ืืฃ ื”ื ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื’ื‘ืณ ื—ื™ื”ืณืœื” ืฉื™ืคืจ, ื–ืžืจื™ืช ืขืžืžื™ืช ืฉืขืœืชื” ืœื ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืžืจื•ืžื ื™ื”, ื•ื”ืกืคื™ืงื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื. ึพืดืฆื‘ืจื™ืืด ืขืžืœ ืจื‘ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื• ืžื•ืจื™ ื•ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ื”ืงื•ืจืก ืœืžื“- ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ืจื™ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืฅึพืœืืจืฅ, ืฉืœื™ื“ ื•ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืชื ื•ึพืขื•ืชึพื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืืจืฆื•ืชึพื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืงื ื“ื”, ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืžื›ืกื™ืงื•, ื ื™ื•ึพื–ื™ืœื ื“, ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื•ืืจืฆื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœืื˜ื™ื ื™ืช. ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขื‘ืจื• ืงื•ืจืก ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ืกืคื’ื• ืžื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื, ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ึพืขื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื. ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืคื›ื• ื‘ื’ืžืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื ืœืดืฆื‘ืจื™ืืด ื‘ื›ืœ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชืœื‘ืฉืชื. ืžื™ ืฉืจืื” ืืช ื”ืดื™ื ืงื™ืืด ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื™ืจื ื‘ืžืจืื™ื”ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื. ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืœืฉื™ืจ, ืœืจืงื•ื“, ืœืฉื—ืง ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืดืฆื‘ึพืจื™ืืด ,ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื’ืœื• ืœืขืฆืžื ื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ืขื™ืœืช ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื—ืฆื—ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื ื ืชืงืฉืจื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื™ืžื™ ืœื‘ื ื‘ืืจืฅึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืกืคื’ื• ืœืชื•ื›ื. ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืœืืจืฆื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ืจืก ืฉืœ ืฉืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืงืข ื‘ื”. ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืืœื• ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ ืœืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ, ืฉื™ื›ืฉื™ืจื• ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืœื” ืœืงืจืืช ืขืœื™ืชื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื›ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ืฉืžืงืจื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช. ืœื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืืช ืฉ 1โ€ข .ืก ืฃ ืžืขื•ื•ึพื—ื•ืจืฃ ืดืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืžืขื•ืŸึพืงื™ืฅ ื ืกืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื›ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืšืด ืœื›ื ืกืช โ€” ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืขืดื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื•ืดืจ ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืชืชื›ื ืก ื‘ึพื– ื˜ื‘ืช ...ืื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื ึพืชื™ื ื ืชื›ื ืกื” ื•ืขื“ืชึพื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืœื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืดื”ืขื‘ืจื”ืด .ื›ื™ ื ืชื‘ืจืจ, ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ืœืง, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื•. ื”ื™ื• ื›ืืœื”, ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืกืžืœื™ืช :ืดื ื ื™ื—, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื—ืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืื• ืื—ืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืขืด... .ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘. ื”ืฆื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ืืžื™ืŸ ื’ืณืืจื’ืณื•ืจื”, ื”ืฆื™ืข โ€” ืดื›ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืจืฆื•ืชืด โ€” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืขื•ืŸึพื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืžืขื•ืŸึพืงื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ืขืช ื—ื•ืจืฃ... ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื›ืกื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื”ืžืคืœื’ืชื™ ืœืื™ื›ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื. ื ืชื‘ืจืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ึพ 12 ื—ื‘ืจื™ึพื›ื ืกืช, ืžืงื•ืึพืžื•ืฉื‘ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ึพืœื™ื. ื›ึพ 60 ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืชืดื, ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืจื—ื™ืคื”. ืื•ืœื, ืจื•ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ึพื”ื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืกืงื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืดื. ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืขืœ ืžืจ ืž. ืจื•ื–ื˜ื™, ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืื™ื›ืกื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžึพืกืกื– ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื›ื ืกืช, ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื”ืกื“ืจื ื™ื, ื”ืงืฆืจื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื. ื‘ื™ื—ื“ โ€” ื›ึพ 150 ืื™ืฉ. ืืžื ื ืžืฆื ืžืจ ืž. ืจื•ื–ื˜ื™ ื›ึพ120 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืืš ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจื™ื ืœื•. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช: ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœึพื–ืืช ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื™ื›ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฆืคื”, ืื™ืคื•ื, ื”ืฆืขื” ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ื›ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ืžืกื•ื’ ื ืžื•ืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ืžืคืœื’ืชื™, ืœื‘ืœ ืชื˜ืขืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืชื“, ื”ืคืœื™ื™ื” ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ืงืฆื™ื”. 2ื›ืขื“ 3,5ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืžืจืช ืณืณื“ืžื™ ื”ืžืคืชื—ืด .ืื ืœืคื ื™ึพื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืขืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืดื”ื—ืœืคืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืช 3ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืžื•ืจืช ื“ื™ืจื”, ื’ื ืงื˜ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ืด ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžื•ื“ืขื” ื›ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืชื•ืŸ: ืดืคืงื™ื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืช 3ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชืœ* ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืช 2ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืจืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”ืด. ื‘ืจืง ื‘ืฉืžื™ ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื’ื”ื’ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืฆืžื™ื ืขื™ื’ื™ื: ื‘ืจืง. ืื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืืžื™ืฆื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืชื ื• ื•ื”ื™ื ืคืงื—ื” ืืช ื”ืขื“ืฉื” ืืœ ื”ืžืจืื” ื”ื ื”ื“ืจ. ื•ื”ื™ื ืดืชืคืกื”ืด ืืช ื”ื›ืจืง. ื”ื ื”ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ืฉ ืœื›ื. ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืคืจื ืงื ื”ื™ื™ื ,ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ,ืžืกืณ 637 ื”ื™ื“ืขืชื ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉืœื˜, ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื›ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืœืฉื›ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชืœ ืื›ื™ื› ืžื“ื•ืจ. ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ืืณ ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ื”ื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘. ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ ืดืœืฉื›ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”ืด ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ืจ ื–ื” .ืณื•ืžื“ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืขืกื•ืง ื›ืขืช ืžืื“ : ืขืœื™ื• ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—ืื•ืช, ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ื‘ืงื™ ืขืœ ืคืชื—ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื’ื ื”ืฉืœื˜ ืดื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืืด .ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืงืจื™ื”, ืœื™ื“ ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘. ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืœื™ื ืดืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื•ืชืด ืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืจืžื– ืžืžืฆื™ื ืžืœื™ื. ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ื• ืขื™ ื“ ืช ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ื–ื• ื™ืขืกืงื• ืกื•ืคื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื—ื™ื“ืฉื• ื”ื ื•ืืžื™ื ืžืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ; ื•ืืœื” โ€” ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ืดื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœืชืด ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื“. ืจืžื–. ื”ื ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ืืžื™ื ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื .ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื•ื ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช-ืžื“ืจืฉื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™, ื‘ืœื‘ื™ื•ืœืช, ืคื˜ืคื•ื˜ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื. ืงืจื™ื‘ ืžืฆื ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืชึพืงื“ื ; ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœื• ืœืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ืคื™ืฆื•ื™. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื—ืœื“โ€ข ืืฃ ืื ื•, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื•, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื. ื. ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืดืงื•ืœื•ืืจื™ืืด ืฉืœ ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื โ€” ,ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฉืดืก โ€” ื›ื™ ื ืžืฆื ืกื•ืคืจ ืฉืžื›ืจ ืืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ืจื‘ื‘ืช ืœืดื™... ืื’ื‘ ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืขื ื”ืดืฆืขื™ืจื™ืืด ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืื–ืŸึพื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ึพืฉื•ื”: ืืœื• ืฉื“ื‘ืจื• ื ื’ื“ ื”ืดืฆืขื™ืจื™ืืด ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ึพ ืดืฆืขื™ืจื™ืืด ืœื ื‘ืื• ื›ืœืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื”. ื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ื”ื•ื—ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ื˜ื• ื˜ืื›ืš ืชืคืืจืชื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืžื ืจืืœ. ืžืฉืจื“ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืคืš ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืกื™ืคืง ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžืจื’ืจื™ื ื” ื•ืื•ืจื– ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื“ืช- ื ืฆืจืช ื•ื ืฆืจืช ืกื™ืคืงื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืฉืจ... ื•ืดืงื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœืด ืฉื™ื“ืจ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืชึพื—ื’ ื•ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืžื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื ืฆืจืช ื‘ื’ืœื™ึพื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืดืงื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœืด ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื“ืื’ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืคืชื— ืœืžืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ึพืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืโ€”ื‘ื™ืชึพืœื—ื. ื”ืฆื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ื“ืื’ื• ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืœื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื ื”ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืชึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื. โ€” ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื’ึพื”ืžื•ืœื“ ื‘ืดืงื•ืœึพื™ืฉืจืืœืด ,ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื›ืœึพื ื“ืจื™ ื‘ ืดืงื•ืœ ืขืฉื•ืด. 12 ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉืคื• ื‘ื—ึพื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืชืœ ืืœึพืงืกื™ืœื”, ื•ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘. ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื ื—ืจื‘. ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื•ื ืžื—ืง ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืจ,ืกึพื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืื•ืœื ืœื ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืฉืชื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื•ืช ืขืดื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจืช. ื‘ืจื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื”, ื”ื›ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืžืฉืจืคื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ึพื”ื‘ื“, ื”ืžืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ืืกืžื™ ื”ื‘ืจ, ื ืžืฆืื• ื’ื ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ึพื—ื™. ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื ื—ื• ื”ื–ื•ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืžืฆืื• ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ืงืจ, ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืคื•ืคื•ื˜ืžื•ืก, ืฉืฉืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ื‘ื™ืจืงื•ืŸ, ื•ืขืฆืžื•ืช ...ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื. โ€” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืกื™ืคืจ ื“ืดืจ ื‘. ืžื™ื™ื–ืœืจ, ื—ื•ืงืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืœ ืืœ ืงืกื™ืœื” ื•ื›ืขืช ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืฃ ื ื’ื“ ืื•ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืจึพื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ. ื’ื ืื–, ื”ื™ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืื– ืœื ื”ื™ืชื“, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืฆื ืข ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ื•ื”ืื–ืจื— ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ื’ืจ ืžืืช ืž. ืจ ืž ืงื• ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืืœื•ืฃึพืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื”ึพืจืืฉื™ืด ืจืžื– ืขืœ ื‘ืžืช ืดืขืชื•ืŸ ืชื™ ื‘ื• ืช ื”ืขืชื•ื ืื™ืืด ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืงื”ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืดื‘ืจื ื›ืจืขื ื“ืึพื‘ื™ื”ื•ืด ,ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ืื‘ื™ื•, ืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ื˜ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื—ืจื™ ืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ึพื“ื•ืฉื™ึพืœืฉื•ืŸ ...ืœืคื ื™ื• ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœึพื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื•ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ื•ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืจืžื–, ืืฉืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืืช ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื• : ืดื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื”, ืืžืจ, ื’ื ืื ืชืฆื ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืชืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื—ื™ืœึพื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื•ื—ื™ืœึพื”ื™ืืด... ืื’ื‘, ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืดืขืชื•ืŸืด ,ื™. ื” ืค ื˜ืž ืŸ , ืกื™ืคืจ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืดื™ืงื”ืด ืืฉืจ ืฉืืœื• ืœื• ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื .,ืจืžื–ืด .ืืžืจ :ืดืืœื” ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”: ืจื›ื‘ืช, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื–ืคื ื•ืช... ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื• ืœืฉื“ื”,ึพื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืœื•ื“ ื—ื–ืจ ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจ ืฉืจืช. ืืฉืจ ื—ื–ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ืื—ืจื™ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืกืชื• ืžืคืืช ืžื–ื’ึพื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ืžืคื” ืœืื•ื–ืŸ ื ืฉืžืขื• ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืขื•ืงืฆื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื ืกื™ืขืชื• ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจึพื”ื—ื•ืฅ. ืื—ื“ ืืžืจ :ืดื”ืคืขื ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืจืช ืžืดืœื™ื™ืง ืกืื›ืกืด (ืื’ื ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื”ืด ,ืืœื ืžืดืœื™ื™ืง ืื•ืฃ ืกืื›ืกืกืด (ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”). ืฉื ื™ ืืžืจ :ืดื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ืืœืžืœื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขืฆืจืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื’ึพืื•ื, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืื–ืขืงื”: ื”ืฆื™ืœื• ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืืด... ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืื™ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืœื™ืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืจืช ื•ืืžืจ :ืดืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื›ืื” ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ืช... ืขื•ืžื“ืช, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•, ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช. ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืฉืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื” ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื. ื”ืžืืžืฅ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื ื›ืฉืœ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื. ื•ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืจื ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ืื• ืฉืžื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉืขื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ื”ื ื–ื•... ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื‘ .ืจื•ืชื ื‘ืจื’ ,ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ,ืžืกืณ 637 ื“ืดืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ืืฉ, ืฆื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื›ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื’ื—ื ืคืจืกืœืจ ื•ืจืขื™ืชื•, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ ื‘ืดืงื•ื‘ื ื˜ึพื’ืจื“ืŸืด ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืืœืžืœื ื”ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืจืช ืจื‘ ื”ืกื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืึพื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื’ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื”ื’ืฉื ืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ื ืคืฉ, ืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืงื ื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื•ืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช. ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸโ€ข .ื•ื”ื‘ื” ืขื‘ืจื• ื—ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืœืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื”ืœื™ื ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืกื“ื™ ืžื–ื’ึพื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœื” ื ื™ืชืš ืœืคืชืข ื’ืฉื ื—ื–ืง ื•ืื– ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืงื•ื, ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืžื˜ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืงื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื’ืฉื ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžื—ืกื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ืœื ื ืขืœื ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื. ืื•ืžืจ ืื—ื“ : โ€” ื›ืฉื‘ืื ื• ืืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื•ืฉืืœื ื• :ืดืœืžื” ืœื ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื?ืด ืงืฆืช, ื”ื ื” ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืืžืจ :ืดื—ื›ื•, ื—ื›ื• ื”ืฆืจื™ืคื™ื ืžืฉื‘ื“ื™ื”ืด .ื•ื›ืฉื‘ืื ื• ื‘ืกืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• :ืดืœืžื” ืœื ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืฆืจื™ืคื™ื?ืด ืืžืจ :ืดื—ื›ื•, ื—ื›ื• ืงืฆืช, ื”ื ื” ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืฆืจื™ืคื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”ืด ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื ื‘ื•ื ื•ื ืฆืขืง :ืดื”ื ื” ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ื, ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื, ืื™ืคื” ื”ืฆืจื™ืคื•ื ื™ื?ืด ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ :ืดื—ื›ื•, ื—ื›ื• ืงืฆืช, ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืชืด... ืื™ ืฉืฆืจืคืช ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืžืื™ื™ืขืจ, ืžื”ืื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ ืขื™ืŸ ึพ ื— ืจื• ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืกื•ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืกื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืจื›ื” ื•ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืœืžื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” โ€” ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ โ€” ื•ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ื”ืื•ืจื— ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื• ืœื›ืคืจ ื‘ืœื•ื, ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืœื™ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื, ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื. ื”ืื•ืจื—ืณ ื ืคื’ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื’ื ืขื ืคื•ืขืœื™ ื”ื ืžืœ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืข ื”ืชืคืขืœื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืกื ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื• .ืดื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื•ืคื•ืขืœ- ื”ื ืžืœ ื‘ืžืืจืกื™ื™ ื™ื™ืจืื” ื›ืš ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ืคื•ืขืœึพื ืžืœ ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ืด โ€” ืืžืจ. ืืš ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ืชื“, ืœื“ื ื™ืืœ ืžืื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืŸึพื—ืจื•ื“ ื•ื”ืจืื• ืœื• ืืช ืดืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืืžื ื•ืชืด. โ€” ืœื ืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืœื™ ืฉืืžืฆื ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื™ื โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืื•ืจื— ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืขื˜ืจ (ืืคื•ืชื™ืงืจ) ืฉื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ืจื• ื‘ืดืžืฉื›ืŸืด .ื“ืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจื— ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืดื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉืด ืžืืช ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืคืืจื™ืกืื™ ืื‘ืจื“ืื. ืง ืจื•ื ื’ื• ืœ ื“, ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืžื ื—ื ืคืจืกืœืจ ืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื ืชืจืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืื•ื– ื”ื™ืชื“, ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ื‘ื” ื ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืจืกื™ื˜ืœื™ื, ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื ื•ื‘ื”ืื’โ€ข ื”ืจืกื™ื˜ึพืœื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืจื‘ื” โ€ขื•ืคืจืกืœืจ ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื ืœืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื. ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื“, ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ, ื‘ืกื™ื“ืจื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืดืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ืก ืœืข ืงื•ื ืฆืขืจื˜ืกืด ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืกื“ืจืช ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื”, ืืฉืจ ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื” ืกื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื”ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ 3ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืจืง ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ืคืจืกืœืจ ื ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ื” ืืช ื‘ื˜ื”ื•ื‘ืŸ ื“,ึพ,4 ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ื•ืจื—ืžื ื™ื ื•ืฃ ืจ,ึพ .2ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืืžืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื‘ืœื’ื™ื” ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกื™ื“ืจื“, ื–ื–. ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื™ืชื“, ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“ ื•ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ืจื™ืข ื•ืจืขื ื•ื”ืคืกื ืชืจืŸ ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื ื“, ื”ื‘ืืจ, ืœ~ 7ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขื ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”โ€ข ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ืกืข ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ. ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ ืืจื’ื ื” ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืฉื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘. ืงืœืจื™ืกื” ื“ื•ื™ื“ืกื•ืŸ. ื’ื‘ืณ ื“ื•ื™ื“ืกื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืืฉืจ, ื ืคืœืื”, ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืจืฆื” ื•ืžืกื™ืจื•ืชื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืžื ื•ืชืณ ื•ื™ืฆืดื• ื•ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืขืจโ€ข ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื” ืœื‘ื ืืจืฆื” ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”. ื”ืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ ื ืขืจืš ืชื—ืช ื—ืกื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ืดืจ ืขืœื™ืืฉ, ืฆื™ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื‘ืื•ืœื ืจ,ืื•ืคื™ืจื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืดืงื•ื‘ื ื˜ ื’ืืจื“ืŸืด .ืคืจืกืœืจ ื ื™ื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืฆืจืกื• ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืžื ืฆื— ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืงื•ืœื™ืžืœืงื•, ืขื ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืœื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ. ืคืจืกืœืจ ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื’ื ืœืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื”, ื“ื ืžืจืง ื•ืฉื•ื™ืฆืจื™ื”. ืžืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ื’, ืžื ืžืœ ืกืื•ืชื”ืžืคื˜ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžื™ื“ ืขื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจื”ืดื‘ ื™ืฆื ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื• ืฉื. ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”, ืื•ืžืจ ืืชื” ืฉื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžืฆืจืฆืจ ืœืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื–ื ื™ื, ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืžืฆืื” ืื™ื•ืžื”. ืœื ืœืืณ ื™ืงื™ืจื™, ืขืฉื•ื™ ื”ื•ื, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื–ื”, ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืชื•ืขืœืช. ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืฃ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื›ืŸ ื›ืŸ. ื”ื ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ื“ื ื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื—ื™ืคื”, ื”ืชืคืจืฅ ืคืขื ื—ื‘ืจ ืžื ื•ืขืจ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ื”ืกืžืœ ืœื—ื“ืจื™ืณ โ€” ื•ืœื”ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืš ืฉื›ืฉืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ืžืชืคืจืฅ ื‘ืœื™ ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ื“ึพืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื•ืžืžืขื˜ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื ื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ื”ืœื™, ืžืขืฉืŸ ืืช ืžืงื˜ืจืชื™, ื™ื—ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืฉืง ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžื—ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™, ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืœื™ืœื” ืœืžื—ื–ื” ื›ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ. ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื ื™ ื•ืžื™ื’ืข ืืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืณ ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืชืคืจืฅ ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืงืฆื” ืžื™ื˜ืชื™ ื•ืฉื•ืชืง. ืฉื•ืชืง ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืจื’ืขื™ื ื•ื ืื ื—. ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื•ืชืง ื•ืžืคืœื™ื˜: ื”ื”. ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชึพ. ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ โ€” ,ืื™ื–ื” ืงื•ืœ ! ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชืจืชื— ืขืœื™ื• ืขืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื™ ื‘ืจืื•ืชื• ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ืœื ืขื ื™ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ. โ€” ืื™ื–ื” ืงื•ืœ ! ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ื‘ืขืงืฉื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืœื•. โ€” ืื™ื–ื” ืงื•ืœ? ืฉืืœืชื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃโ€” . ื™ื•ืกืงื”ืณ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, ื™ื•ืกืœื”, ืื™ื–ื” ืงื•ืœ ! ื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ืงื•ืœ? ืฆืขืงืชื™ืณ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžืฉ ืžื›ืœื™. โ€” ืงื•ืœื” ืฉืœื” ! ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื ื”. ืงื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื™? โ€” ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข. โ€” ืื– ืžื” ืืชื” ื‘ื, ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื‘ืš ืื“ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ โ€” โ€” ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™, ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืืชื” ืกืชื, ืื™ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืืช ื™ โ€” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ืฉืœื™โ€” , ื”ื”, ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ืืณ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“, ื™ื•ืกืงื”, ืขื‘ื•ื“. ื•ืžืฉืชืชืง. ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื“ื™ื, ืกืงืจืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœ, ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• โ€” ,ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืจืขืช ืœื™ ืกืคืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ื‘ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช: ื™ื•ืกึพืงืจ, ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™, ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” โ€” .ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื™, ืขื ื™ืชื™. โ€” ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš, ืชืคืฉืชื™ ืฉื ืืช ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืืคืกื ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืชื™. ืฆืœืฆืœืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื. ื—ืคืฉืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื. โ€” ื•ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ื• โ€” .ื ื• ืื– ืžื”, ืฉืืœืชื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ, ื™ื•ืกืงื” ื™ืงื™ืจื™, ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื—ื“, ืžืฆืืชื™ ืื•ืชื”. โ€” ืืช ืžื™? ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ืื•ืชื”, ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง, ืืœื ืืช ืงื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ืชืขื™ืฃ ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืจื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืง. โ€” ื ื•, ื“ืจื‘ื ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• โ€” .ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืคื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื™ืืฉืชื™ ืžืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืงืฆื™ืŸืณ ื ืกื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืื—ื“. ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืขื ืชื” ืœืฆืœืฆื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื ืฉ ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืกืงื”, ื™ื•ืกืงื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™, ืงื•ืœื” ื”ืจืขื™ื“ ืืช ืœื‘ื™. ื›ืœ ืžืœื” ื›ืžื ื’ื™ื ื” ืขืจื‘ื”. ื ื•, ื•ืžื”. ืฉืืœืชื™. โ€” ืชืืจ ืœืš, ืฉืื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ืื–ืจืชื™ ืขื•ื–, ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื” ืฉื™ืœืš ืื•ืชื• ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ื›ืŸ, ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื” ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื”ืงึพืกื™ืžื ื™, ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืชืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืช ืืœื™ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืœืงื•ืœื ื•ืข. --ื’ ื‘ื• ืจ ืืชื” ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง, ืืžืจืชื™ืœื• โ€” ,ื›ืš, ื™ืฉืจ, ื“ื•ื’ืจื™? ื ื•, ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื”? ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืฉืคื•ืคืจืช ืืช ืฆื—ื•ืงื”, ืชืฉืคื•ื›ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืœื™ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจืช, ืืžืจื”, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ืœืฆืืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื”. ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ืฆื—ื•ืงื” ื”ื ืœื‘ื‘ โ€” ,ื”ืคืฆืจืชื™ ื‘ื”ืณ ื”ืชื—ื ื ืชื™, ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ืฉืื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื” ืžื›ืชื‘. ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื” ืžืžื™, ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ืกื•ืจื’ื•ืช ืื ื™ ืกื•ืจื’ืช, ืืช ืกื• ืจื’ืช- ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืกื•ืจื’ื•ืช, ืžื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ืžื™ ื‘ืื•ึพื˜ื•ื›ื•ืก ื•ืžื™ ื›ืชื•ืจ, ืžื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื”... ื•ืืฉืจ ืœื›ื‘ื™ืกืช ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืฆืžืจ -ืืœ ื“ืื’ื”! ืืก ืชื’ื™ื—ื• ืœื™ ืœื›ื‘ืก ืื•ืชื, ื”ื ืœื ื™ืชืงืœืงืœื• ื•ืœื ื™ืคื’ืขื•. ืื ื™ ืžื”ื–ื™ืจื” ืœืฆืžืจ ืืช ืฆื‘ืขื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื ืขืช ื”ืชื›ื•ืฆื•ืช. ืืžืจ. ืชื•ืฆืจ ืช ืด ืฉืžืš ื”ื™ื! ื ื•ืจื. ื•ืžืกืจื” ืืช ื›ืชื‘ืชื”, ืฆื—ืงื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”. ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ื”ืฉืชืชืง, ืขื™ืฃ ืžื ืื•ืžื• ื”ืืจื•ืš. ื›ืšืณ ื›ืš โ€” ,ื”ืžื”ืžืชื™. ืฉืชืง ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”, ื•ืคืชืื•ื ืคื ื” ืืœื™ โ€” ,ื™ื•ืกืงื”, ืืชื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ ืœื™? โ€” ื‘ืจื•ืจ โ€” ,ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืืœื™ืš. โ€” ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื โ€” ,ืฉืืœืชื™. โ€” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ ืžื›ืชื‘. ื”ืจื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืชื” ืžืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืš, ื•ืื ื™, ืื ื™ ืžืชืงืฉื” ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžืžื™ืŸ ื–ื”. โ€” ื”ืฉืชื’ืขืช โ€” ,ืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ื›ืขืก. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง, ืขืงืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ืคืจื“, ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ. ื”ืชืขืงืฉ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื™โ€ข ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื›ื™ื“ ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืณ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžืžืฉ ื•ืœื ืžื›ืชื‘, ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืขื ื™ื ื ืื”ื‘ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืดืžื–ื™ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœืด ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืœื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืื ื™ ืฉืฉืœื™ ืขืœื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•, ื‘ืœื”ื˜ ื”ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื™ืคื” ืœืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ. ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ื”ืชืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืงืจืื• ืžื›ืชื‘ื–ื”, ืžืžืฉ ื”ื–ื™ืœ ื“ืžืขื•ืช. ืœืžื—ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœื—ื ื•ื”ื• ืœืชืขื•ื“ืชื•, ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื—ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืืกืชืจ, ืื’ื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื”, ืืกืชืจ. ื•ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ. โ€” ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘, ืงื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช ืžื›ืชื‘ืš, ื•ื ื”ื ื™ืชื™ ืžืื“ืณ ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืžื›ืชื‘, ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืฉ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ, ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืกืชื•ืจื™, ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™, ื™ื•ืคื™, ืืชื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžืฉื•ืจืจ. ืื ื™ ืžื—ื›ื” ืœืžื›ืชื‘ืš ื”ื‘ื. ืืกืชืจ. ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื™. ื”ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸืณ ืขื ืชื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืขื ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ื‘. ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•, ื•ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ื“ืจืฉ ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื” ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื’ื™ืฉื”. ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ืงืฉืชื™, ื• ...ืืกืชืจ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื”, ื•ื›ืืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื•. ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื”, ืจื•ืื” ืื ื™ ื•ื”ื ื” ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ึพืืœื™ืง ืื™ื ื ื›ืชืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืฉื•ื, ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื”ื ื” ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืขืฆื‘ื ื™, ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืคื ื” ืืœื™ โ€” ,ื™ื•ืกืงื” ืืชื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ ืœื™? ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืืฉ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื? โ€” ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืฆื—ืงืชื™. โ€” ื™ื•ืกืงื” ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”ืณ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, ื˜ืข ืืชื” ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ืืกืชืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื™, ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืื ื™, ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉืืกืชืจ ืชืชืื›ื–ื‘ ืžื“ื‘ื•ืจื™, ืžืกื’ื ื•ื ื™, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืชืจื’ืœื” ืœื›- ืชื™ื‘ืชืš ื”ื ืžืœืฆืช, ื•ืืชื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืืชืจืด ื”ื›ืŸ ืื•ืชื”, ืกืคืจ ืœื” ืขืœื™, ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืœื™ื”, ื•ืื– -- โ€” ื›ืœื•ื ื™ืฆืืช ืžื“ืขืชืš, ืฆืขืงืชื™โ€” , ืื ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ, ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžืš ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ืžืš, ื›ืœื•ื ื ืฉืžืขื” ื›ื–ืืช? ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ืš ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง, ืขืงืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื. ื”ืกืชื“ืจืชื™ ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸึพ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืžื—ื ื” ื•ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื”. ื‘ืฉืขื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ืืชื™ ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘, ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื—ื›ื” ืฉื ื™ืœื“ื•ื ืช ืžื•ืชืง, ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš, ื—ื‘ื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ืจืื•ืชื” ืฉืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืื ื™ ื›ืžื—ืคืฉ ืืช ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ื ื’ืฉื” ืืœื™ โ€” :ืืชื” ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง? โ€” ืฉืืœื”ืณ ื•ืงื•ืœืจ, ื‘ืืžืช ืขืจื‘ ื›ืงื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ืชื ื™ืช. ืคืชื—ืชื™ ืืช ืคื™ ืœืืžืจ ืฉืœื ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ืื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉืฉืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืœืงืœืงืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ ืœืืžืจ ืœื”, ืื ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ืื ื™ ืื• ืœื, ืคืชื—ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื”, ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื›ื”. ื“ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื—ืœื™ืคื”ึพื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฆื‘ื, ืขืœ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ, ื•ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืงื•ืœื ื•ืข. ืจืง ื›ืฉืœื™ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื”, ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืœืืžืจ, ืฉืœื ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ืื ื™ ืืœื ืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ืžื•. ื ื“ื”ืžื” ืืกืชืจ, ื•ืฉืืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื’ื–ื” โ€” ,ื•ืžื™ ื›ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื? โ€” ืื ื™, ืขื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ื ืœื‘ื™โ€” , ืื– ื”ืจื™ ืืชื” ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง โ€” ,ืฆื—ืงื” ื ืจื’ืขืช. ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืึพ ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืขืœืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื”. ืœืžื—ืจืช ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืžื—ื ื”, ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื‘ืื™ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช. โ€” ื ื•? โ€” ื ื•, ืืžืจืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ื™ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข. โ€” ื•ืกืคืจืช ืœื” ื”ื›ืœ? โ€” ืกืคืจืชื™, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ืœื™ โ€” ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื™ โ€” ,ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืืชื”, ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืžืชืœื•ืฆืฅ ืื ื™ . .ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื. ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ืœืคื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื ืขืฉื• ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื—, ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช. ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืืกืชืจ, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง. ื‘ื”ึพืฆื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ืขื“ื ื• ืคื’ื™ืฉื”, ื•ื”ืคืขื ื ืกืข ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ืœืžื—ืจืช ื—ื›ื™ืชื™ ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื‘ื•, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืข โ€” :ื ื• โ€” ืฉืืœืชื™ื•. โ€” ื ื•, ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, ื”ื™ื“, ื ื—ืžื“ ืžืื“, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข. โ€” ื•ืžื”? โ€” ื›ืฉื‘ืืชื™ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ โ€” ืจืื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื” ื ื—ืžื“ื” ืžื—ื›ื” ; ื ื’ืฉืชื™ ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื ืืกืชืจ ื”ื™ื. โ€” ื›ืŸ, ืขื ืชื”, ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” โ€” ,ื›ืœื•ื ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชืš, ืœืžื” ืœื ื‘ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ืœื•ื ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื•ื, ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื ื‘ื”ืœื”. โ€” ื•ืื–? โ€” ืฉืืœืชื™. โ€” ืื– ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื” ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง, ื•ืืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื•ืกืงื”. ื”ื™ื ืคืจืฆื” ื‘ืฆื—ื•ืงืณ ื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื”, ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืงื•ืœื ื•ืข. ื•ื›ืฉึพืœื™ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื”, ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืฉืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฉื, ืื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื”, ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืชื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื” ืชื™ื›ืฃ, ืฉืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื“, ืื ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืืณ ื•ืžืชื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ืื•ื™, ื˜ืžื‘ืœ, ืงืจืืชื™, ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืช? ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื”ืฆื˜ื“ืง ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง, ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื” โ€” ื•ื“ื™. ืœืš ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื•. ื•ื”ื ื“, ืงืจื” ืฉื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืคืชืข ืœื—ื–ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช. ื—ืกืœ ืกื“ืจ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช, ื ื“ื“ื ื• ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื ื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•ืช, ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™. ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ื—ื“ืฉื™ื™ื. ืžื–ื“ืžืŸ ืื ื™ ืœื—ื™ืคื”, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืชื•ืžื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืœื™ ืฆื•ืขื“ืช ืืกืชืจ. ืžืฉื•ื ืžื” ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืคืชืื•ื ืžืื“ ืžืื“ โ€” .ืฉืœื•ื ืืกืชืจ, ื’ืžื’ืžืชื™. โ€” ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืงืณ ืงืจืื” ืืกืชืจ, ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง, ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืงืจื” ืœืš ืืกื•ืŸ. ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืœืชื™ ื›ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืฉืžื™ืืœื™ืง ื™ืงื™ืจื™. ื“ืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืคื•ืช, ื‘ื—ื™ื™. ืœืš ืฆืขืง ื‘ืจื’ืข ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ืืชื” ืืœื ื™ื•ืกืœื”. ืฉื•ืืœ ืืชื” ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืงื•ืœื ื•ืข, ื•ื›ืฉืœื™ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืจ,ื—ื‘ื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื”ืชื’ืขื’ืขื” ืืœื™ ืžืื“, ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ื™, ืื ื™ ื˜ืขื ืชื™ ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื™ื•ืกืงื•, ืื ื™ ื•ืœื ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง. ืฉืžื•ืืœื™ืง ืื• ื™ื•ืกืงื”, ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฉื ืงืฅ ืœื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ. ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ, ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื“, ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืœืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืš ื”ื–ื”. ืžืœื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชื˜ื‘ื— ื ืขื•ื“ ืŸ ื•ื› ืฉืจ ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื• ื ื ื• ื—ื™ื• ืช ื”ื“ืจึพ ื” ื‘ืจ ืžืœ. ื—ื™ืคื” ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ 4445 ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ืžื ื“ืœื‘ืื•ื ื•ืชื–ืžืจืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืชื” ื‘ืฉืขื” 5 .ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ,ืžืืณ 637 ืžืฉืืœืดื”ืขื•ื“ื ื”ื– ื” ืด ื ื“ื’ื•ืœ ื‘ืดืืกื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืชืณ ืดืคื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืื• ืœืืกื™ื”ื–ืด โ€” ืกื‘ื•ืจื ื™, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ื–ื•, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ โ€” ืœืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ โ€” ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื™ึพื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ืืณ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื”ืื—ื“ โ€” ื–ื” ื”ืžืฆื“ื“ ื‘ืดืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืชื ื•ืด ,ื•ืจืง ื‘ื”โ€” , ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื ืจื•ืคื” ืžื—ื•ื ื ืช ื‘ื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืืกื™ื” ื”ืžืคื’ืจืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื‘ื” ; ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ึพืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืืœื”, ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ึพืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืึพ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ื ื—ืฉืœ โ€” ,ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœื“ืขืชื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ื“ื•ื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ืชื• ืœืื•. ืœืขื•ืžืชื โ€” ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ืชื• ืœืžื–ืจื— ื”ืืกื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ืึพืกื ึพื˜ื™ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื™ื, ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืกืœ โ€” ,ืขื ืฉืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืžืงื•ืžื ื•ืณ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ, ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฆื•ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืืกื›ื•ืœื•ืช. ื›ื™ ืืžื ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ื• โ€” ืžืฉื›ื ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ; ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขืžื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื” ืžื–ื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” โ€” ,ืื•ืœื ื‘ืฆื“ืง ื™ื˜ืขื ื• ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืืกื™ื” ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื—ืฆื‘ืชื ื• ื•ืžื•ืœื“ืช ื“ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื โ€” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ืง ืืžื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืœื—ื™ืง ื”ื•ืจืชื ื•. ืื•ืœื ืื ื™ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื™ ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื–ืจื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ื•ืจื ื•, ื”ืคื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื•ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ื•ืš ื•ืžื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื. ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืขืžื ื• ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืงืฉืช? ืงืฉืช ืžื ืงื” ื•ืฆื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืืช ืคื•ื˜ื• ื‘ืจื ื“ ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืื™ืš ื›ืžืฆืœืžื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื ื•ืชืš ืžืฆืœืžื”, ื—ืœืงื™ื, ืคื™ืœืžื™ื, ืคืœื˜ื•ืช, ื ื™ื™ืจ ื•ื›ืจ, ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชืš ื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ 25 ืฉื ื™ื. ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืกื—ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข. ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื”ืขืชืงื•ืช, ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ืžื›ื™ืจื”, ืงื ื™ื”, ื”ื—ืœืคื”. ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœืžื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ 4137 ,ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ,ืžืืณ 637 ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืื•ื™ื” ื’ื“ื ืœื•ื ืคื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืื• ืœืืกื™ื”? ื‘ ื“ ื ืชืคืก ืœื”ืคืจื–ื” ืžืืช ื–ืื‘ ื‘ืŸึพ ืฉืœืžื”, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืฉืืœื” ืดืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืื• ืืกื™ื”ืด ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืคื ื™ื ืœื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ ื•ืขื™ืจื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉื ืจืงื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื. ื ื ืกื” ืœืกืงืจื ื‘ืงืฆืจื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืกื™ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืœ ื ืกื—ืฃ ืœืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช : ืจืžืช ื”ืื™ืจืŸ ื”ื™ืชื“, ืžืฉื—ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ืดื—ื•ืžื”ึพืกื™ื ื™ืชืด ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ืืงืœื™ืžื ื•, ืฆืžื—ื™ืชื™ื• ื•ื—ืงืœืื•ืชื ื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืœื” ืฉื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื ื™ืก ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•, ืกื™ืŸ ืื• ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื˜. ืื ื‘ืืกื™ื” ืื ื—ื ื•, ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื˜ืจื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืกื™ื” ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื ืชืงืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื™, ื™ืึพื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸืณ ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ืžื” ื“ื‘ืง ื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“, ืฉืงืฉืจ ืืช ื—ื•ืคื™ื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื ืืกื™ืืชื™ื™ื ื•ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื™ืืณ ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ, ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช โ€” ,ื’ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—. ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฉื˜ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื ืœืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ืœืจื—ื•ืง, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœื ืคืขื. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืงืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœืณ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืชื—ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™. ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ืขื•ืœื ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ืžื•ืฆืฃ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื, ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ ื“ ื™ื ื• ืœืžืœื ื’ื ืขืชื”ืณ ืืš ืœื ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืืœื ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ื” ื•ื’ืื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืกื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉืฉืจืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืณื•ื•ืกื“ ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ; ื•ื”ืจื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืืžืช, ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœโ€” ืžื”ืžื–ืจื—. ื•ื‘ืœ ื ืฉื›ื—, ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืจืžื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื‘ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืชื ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ; ื“ื•ื’ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึพื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืขืณ ื‘ื™ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” โ€” ื”ื™ื• ืœืžื›ื‘ื™ืจ; ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื›ื•ื—ื ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื ืœื–ืจื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื•, ืืœื” ื”ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืœืขืช ืขืชื” ื‘ื’ื•ืœื”, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืžื•ืขื˜ โ€” ,ืื•ืœื ืื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•, ื•ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ื•ืœื”. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื›ืšืณ ืฉื ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, โ€” ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื ื•, ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื ื›ืกืคืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื”ืฉืœื•ื โ€” ืœื ื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ืฉื. ื“ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืขืงื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื ; ืขืžื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžืขืžื™ ื”ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ืืกื™ื” ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ืจืก ืฉืœื”ื ; ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืืš ื‘ ื–ืืช, ืฉืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืฉื›ืœืœื” ื•ื”ื•ืœื› ืช ื•ืžืฉื›ืœืœืช ื›ืœื™ึพื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื”, ืขื“ ืฉื”ึพื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ืฉืง, ืฉืืฃ ืœืฉืžืขื• ืžื–ื—ืœื—ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื•: ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ึพืžื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฉืœื•ื โ€” ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉ ืžืื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื• ; ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืชื ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉื›ื ื™ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืจืžืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืชื, ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•. ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ โ€” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ; ื•ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื ื•, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื“ืง ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” โ€” ืืจืฆื•ืช ืืกื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช. ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ืžื˜ืจืชื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื™ื, ื›ืืื™ื™ืชื™ื, ืืช ืงืจืŸ ืืกื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืืณ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื• ืกืžืœ ื”ืื—ื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ื“ืžื”, ื•ืขื ื”ืคื™ืฆื ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืœืงืจื•ื‘ ื•ืœืจื—ื•ืง โ€” ,ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืกื•ืฃึพืกื•ืฃ ืœื ื”ืฉื ืขื™ืงืจ ืืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ; ื ื“ื’ื•ืœ ื ื ื‘ืดืืกื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืชืด ื•ื ืืžืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง :ืดื›ื™ ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฆื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืณ ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืืด. ื™ื• ืกืฃื—ืฆ ืจื•ื ื™, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืืŸืžืชื—ื™ืœืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—. ื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืคืก ืœื”ืคืจื–ื”. ื‘ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ืื• ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื, .ืณื”ืื•ืจื™ื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืขืœ ืืกื™ื”ืด ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื•ืืณ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืกื™ื” ืื• ื’ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืžืขืฆืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืจ. ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”. ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืกื›ื•ืœื” ืืกื™ืืชื™ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืฉืจืฉื™ื” ื ืขื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื›ื–ื‘ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ืขืจื™ืกืชื” ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช, ืฉื ื’ื ืคืขืœื• ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื”. ืฉืœื•ื—ืชื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืชืขืจืชื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ื•ึพืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืณืณื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจืด ,ืฆื•ืจืชื” ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื“ .ืดื‘ืจื™ืชึพืฉืœื•ืืด .ื”ื“ื™ื” ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ื™ื ืขืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื‘ืืคื ื•, ื—ื“ืฉื” ื–ื•. ื”ื”ืขืจืฆื” ืฉืœ ื’ื ื“ื™ืณ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื’ืœื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืึพื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื ื™ื, โ€” ื”ืขืจืฆื” ื–ื• ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืชื•ืš ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืงื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื• ืดืžื ื”ื™ื’ืช ืืกื™ื”ืด ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืชื” ื ื™ื”ืจื•. ืžื›ืืŸ ื’ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ืืžื™ืชื•ืชื ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช (ืœื ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ืช) ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจื• ืฉืดื—ืฅ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื•ืด .ื›ื™ ืื ื›ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆืžื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื™ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืืกื™ื” ื”ืจื™ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืชื—ื“ืœ ื–ื– ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืกื™ืืชื™ืช ื•ืชื™ื”ืคืš ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื”, ื™ื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืงืขืช. ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ 1ืžืกื•ืคืงื ื™ ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžื” ืœืžื–ื’. ืžืกื•ืคืงื ื™ ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืฆื“ ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ โ€” ,ืืกื™ื”ืณ ื–ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืœืžื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื›ืœื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ื™ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืขืดื™ ืขืžื™ ืืกื™ื” ืขืฆืžื? ื”ื ื” ื™ืืคืืŸ, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืจื›ืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ื‘ื ืฉืงื” ืขืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื ื”ืืกื™ืืชื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื–ื ื”ื™ืืคืื ื™ (ืงืฉื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื“ืชื™ืชึพืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื–ื• ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ) ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื“ื•ืชื™ืชืณ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃึพืคืขื•ืœื™ื” ืขื ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืžื”. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”, ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ืืœื ื’ื ืžื ืกืจ, ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื. ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืชืณ ืื ืชืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ืชื”ื™ื” ืืกื™ืืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื” ืžืขื˜ื” ื›ืžื• ืกื‘ื™ืจื“ึพืœื•ื‘ืกืง ืื• ื•ืœืื“ื™ื•ื•ืกื˜ื•ืง ...ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืืจืฆื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืงืœื™ืคื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืชึพืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืขื‘ื“, ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ืจ,ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื ื™ืฆื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื”ืคื›ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ืกื— ืงื™ืžืœ ืื˜ืื˜ื•ืจืง, ืฉืืฆืœื ืœื ื‘ืื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืชื™ ืชื‘ื•ื. ื•ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื: ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื›ื•ื—ื ื• ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื ื• ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ื•ืคืชื•ื— ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ ื•ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ ื™ ืช, ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืžืกืจ ืœื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ,ืณืืกื™ืืชื™ื•ืชืด ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืœื™ืžื”, ื•ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื ื• ื–ื•ืœืช ืืฉืœื™ื”. ื‘ื–ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื ื• ืืช ื ื–ืฉืืœ ืืกื™ื”ึพืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื• โ€” ื—ืกืœื™ื—ื”. ื–ื” ืœื ืกืจื’ื™ื– ื”ืฆืจื›;ื™ื” ืงืžื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืื•ืจื” ื•ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืจืฆื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื›ืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ื›ืžืจ, ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืื—ื•ื–ื” ืคื™ืื•ื“ืœื™ืช. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข? ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื. ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื•ื›ืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื”. ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ื ื•ืขื“ ื•ืžื ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ืดืจ ื”ื•ืขื“. ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืชึพื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื. ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืงืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืžืงื•ื. ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืžื ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื (ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื”). ื›ืื•ืช ืชื•ื“ื” ืคืชื— ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืดืฆืจื›ื ื™ื”ืด. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ื”ื ืชื” ืžืื“, ืื•ืœื ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื ื’ืจืคื™ื ืœื›ื™ืกื•. ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืดืฆืจื›ื ื™ื”ืด ื–ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื? ื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” : ืดื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื”ืณ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” -ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืงืจืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืืฆืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืชื™ื•ื•ืš. ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืชื•ื•ืš ืกื— ืœืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกืคืจ: ืดื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื”ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ื–ื• โ€” ,ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืงืจืงืข ื–ื• ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื. ื•ื›ืขืช ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื”...ืด ืงืคืฅ ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื: ืดื—ื›ื” ืจื’ืข ! ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื” ืกืคืจ, ืื•ืœื ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืืœ ืชื‘ืงืฉ !ืด. ืืฉืฃ 40ืฉื ื•ืชื ืกื™ ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื”ืจื–ืงื— ืข ื’ ืฆื ื™ ื” ืช ื™ึพ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืจ ื—ื• ื‘ ื”ืกืจืš ื ื™ื ืจื’ืณ $4 ืคื™ ื  ืช ื“ื™ ื– ื’ ื’ื• ืฃ. ื˜ืจ 2963 . ื1ื—1ื‘ื•0ื™ื: ื– 01544.ื›ื•ื  ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ (ืฉืœืš ื ื›ื“ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื) ื™ื•ืคื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื™ืœ ื™) ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ืš) (ื ืชื•ื— ืข*ืก ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžื“ื™ื™ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื’ืจืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืคืจื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื” ืคืกื™ื ื•ื’ืจืคื•ืœื•ื’ ืคื“ื•ืืณ ืžื“ื™ืืŸ ืจื—ืณ ืืœื ื‘ื™ ืชืดื )10โ€”1 ืœืฆื‘ื ื”ืงื‘ืข ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ, ื˜ื•ืจืื™ ื‘ืŸ ,19 ืžืฉืจืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืจ, ื•ื—ืฆื™. ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื“,ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืงื‘ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข. ืื ื™ ืžืฉืจื˜ื˜ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื›ื™ ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืงื‘ืข. ืงืจื‘ื™ืฅ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืงื‘ืข. ืž .ืงืจื‘ื™ืฅ ืกืžืœ, ื‘ืŸ ,30 ื ืฉื•ื™ ื› . .ื•ืื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืžืกื’ืจ ืžื›ื ื™. ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื“,ืฉืืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ื™ื“ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืฆื‘ื. ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืดืœ ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืœื ื”ืžื˜ืจื”: ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ื“ืดืจ ืœื™ืคืžืŸ ืจื‘ึพืกืจืŸ, ืจื•ืคื ืฆื‘ืื™ืณ ืฉืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ื•ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ื›ืจื•ืคื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ: ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉืชืช ืงืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ืชื ืื™ ืจื•ืคื ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื ืœื“,ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืงื‘ืข. ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ื•ืจืฉ, ื‘ืŸ ,27 ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื“,ื™ืžื™ื” (ืžืฉืžืืœ) ,ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ึพ1941 ื‘ืคืœืžืดื—ึพื™ื ื—ืชื ืœืฉืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ ืดืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืœื ืกื™ื•ืŸืด :ื‘ืขื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขโ€ข ื”ื™ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™. ืœืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื˜ื•ืจืื™, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืžืื•ืช ืžืืœืฃ. ืื ืชื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืืฉืืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ืื•ืจื” ื’ืœื™ืฅ, ืื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืžื—ืœืงื”: ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื’ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื‘ื™ืชึพื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื™. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืื ื™ ืื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืžื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืื’ื• ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•. ื™ื’ืืœ ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’, ืจื‘ึพืกืžืœ, ื‘ืŸ ,27 ืžื—ืกื ืื™, ื ืฉื•ื™ืณ ืื‘ ืœื™ืœื“ ; ื”ืกืคืงืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื ืœื—ืžืชื™ ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื–ืจ. ืžื–ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจื™ ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ืžืœื˜ ืžื”ื’ืจ,ื™ื ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• โ€” ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื‘ืื ื• ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™โ€ข ืœื”ืฉืืจ. ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืœื˜ืฉ ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื—ืกื ืื•ืช. ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ืš. ื™ื™ื™ื– * ื™ 1ื™ืŸื™ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื ืจื“ ื–ื ื’ืจ, ื‘ืŸ ,24 ืจืชืš, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืงื‘ืข. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื™. ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื™ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืคืฉื™ โ€” ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘. ื”ืกื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช โ€” ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ืก ื”ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘. ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ ื™ืคื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ืœื ื™ื. ืชื™ ืœื•ื™, ืจืกืดื’, ื‘ืŸ ,24 ื ืฉื•ื™, ืื‘ ืœื™ืœื“ื”! ืื ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืดื”ื’ื ื”ืด ื•ื•ืชื™ืง; ,ื”ืฉืชืชืคืชื™ !ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืฉื ื ืคืฆืขืชื™. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืจื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืจืข ืœื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ืื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืฉืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืกืžืœ, ื‘ืŸ ,23 ื ืฉื•ื™( ,ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ) :ืื ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื—ื“ืฉ ืืคืกื ืื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืฉื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืœื ืžืกืคืงืช ืืš ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืžื ื“ืœ ื›ืฅ( ,ืžืฉืžืืœ) ื˜ื•ืจืื™ืณ ื‘ืŸ ,26 ืขื•ืœื” ืžืฆืณื›ื™ื”: ืœื ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื ื”ืขื™ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืœืืŸ ืœืœื›ืช. ืื—. ื•ืื—ื•ืช ืœื™ ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ืžื–ืœื–ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•. ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฆื•ืงืจืงื ื“ืœ, ื‘ืŸ ,25 ื ืฉื•ื™, ืžืกื’ืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™: ืื ื™ ืœื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืงื‘ืข. ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ืžืฉืœื™, ืฉืกื’ื•ืจ ืžืื– ืฉื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกืชื™ ืœืฆื‘ื. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืคืชื— ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื™ ืžืงื•ืึพืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ืฉืืจ. ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืžื ืกื™ื•ื–; ืดื”ืจืฆืœื™ื”ืด ืžืฆื™ื’ ื›ืื– ื›1 ืขืชื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”) ื‘ื”ื“ ืจื›ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื ื™ื ื™ื•. ืœืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืœื: ื’ืžื ืกื™ื” ืดื”ืจืฆืœื™ื”ืด ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ื‘ืžื•ืช. ื”ืขื•ืœืืณ ื•ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืกืš ื”ื™ืจื•ืง (ื—ื‘ืœ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™) โ€” ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื”ื—ื“ื™ืฉื”. ืื ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ื”ืžืกืš ื—ืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื”ืคืชื–ื–ื• ื•ื”ืกื’ืจื•, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืกืš ื‘ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸืณ ื”ื’ื•ืŸ. ื•ื”ืชืคืื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืฆื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ืžื ืกื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื“ืด ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ืกืคืง, ื”ื™ืคื”, ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช, ื”ืดืžืคื•ืฆืฆืชืด ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•. ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื—ื•ืฉื• ื”ืืกื˜ื™ืชื™ ื”ืžืคื•ืชื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœืฆื™ื•ืจ. ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” โ€” ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืœืœื ืคื’ื ; ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื โ€” ื›ื•ืœื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื”ืœื›ื”ืณ ื‘ืขืœื™ึพื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืฉืืจึพืจื•ื—, ืื™ืชื ื™ื ืžืžืฉ. ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื•ืช โ€” ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืจืง ืขืจืœึพืœื‘ ืœื ื™ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื•. ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื• ื”ืขืœื• ื—ืœื•ื“ื”. ื”ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื’ืžื ื˜ื™ื” ืดื”ืจืฆืœื™ื”ืด ื ืจืื™ืช ืœืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื”ื—ืžื“ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื“ืขื•ื›ื•ืช, ืงื˜ื ื” ื›ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง. ื—ืจื™ืงืช ื”ืžืกืš ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื”, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื•ื”ืชืคืื•ืจื” โ€” ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืœื•ืกืืœื™ืช. ื•ื”ืžืฉื—ืง, ื•ื” ืชืื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ...ืคืขื ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืื—ืจืช ...ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืคืฉ ื›ื‘ืขืœ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ. ืื•ืœื: ื”ื ื— ืœื”ื’ื™ื•ื ืš ืœื’ืกื•ืก ื•ื”ืจืฉื” ืœื“ืžื™ื•ื ืš ืœืคืจื•ื—, ื•ืืชื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช ืืœ ื–ืž ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจืณ ื™ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ืจื” ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ืชื”. ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืืชื” ื‘ืื•ืœื ื”ื—ืฉื•ืš, ื”ื“ื—ื•ืก, ื”ืžืœื ืžืคื” ืืœ ืคื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืืชื” ื—ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื—ื–ืช ืื•ืชืšืณ ืžืžืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืขื‘ืจื•. ื•ื™ื”ื ืœื‘ืš ื”ืงืฉื™ื— ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืื ืดื’ืžื ื–ื™ืกื˜ืด ืืชื”, ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืžืกื•ืจืชื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืดืฉืœื ื•ืด .ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช ืืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื• ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืจื“ื™ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืช ืžื•ืœื™ืจ ื‘ื’ืžื ืกื™ื”, ืื•ืœื ืืช ืฉื ื™ื ืžืžื™ืกื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืกึพื ืกื™ื”: ื“ืดืจ ื”ืจืจื™ ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ืฉืžืŸ, ื”ื ื“ ื ื•ื—ื™ื, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืณ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ึพื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืคืฉื ื™ืฆืื” ืืœื™ื”. ืœืฉื—ืง ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืื• ืœื ืจืฆื• ืื• ื—ืฉืฉื•. ื”ื ื‘ื™ื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื ื•. ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื—ื ื•. ืžื” ืœืดื”ืื•ืœืจืด ืœืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื• ืื›ื•ืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืช, ื”ืขืœื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืกื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืฆื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžืœืื™ ื—ื•ืฆืคื”, ื™ื•ื”ืจื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ? ืื•ืœื ื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืืœื”, ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ. ื•ื”ื ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืžื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื™ืœื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ...ื›ืŸืณ ื‘ื’ืžื ืกื™ื“ ,ืดื”ืจืฆืœื™ื”ืด .ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ืงืกื™ื ืื•ืชื™, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขืจื‘ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ! ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืชืขืžืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื—ื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื”... ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื™ืžื™ืžื” ืคืจืกื™ืฅ (ืžื™ืœื•ื) ื‘ืดื’ืžื“ื™ ืœื™ืœื”ืด ื–ื‘ืดืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืจืš ืขืชื•ืŸ ื—ืงืœืื™ืด (ืžื—ื–ื” ืดืžืงื•ืจื™ืด ืœืคื™ ืžืืจืง ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืŸ) .ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืœืชื” ื‘ืชื™ื” ืœื ืฆื˜ ืขืœ ื‘ืžืช ื”ื’ืžื ืกื™ื” ื”ืชืœื—ืฉื ื• :ืดื”ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงืช ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ื™- ื ื“,ืด .ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื”ืžื—ืžืื” ืฉืงื•ื•ืชื” ืืš ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืดื•ืชื™ืงื™ืืด ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ืžื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื ื”ืจืžื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ืชื•ืกืกโ€ข ืื•ืœื ืžื” ืฉืœื ืขืฉื” ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืขืฉื” ื”ื–ืžืŸืณ ื•ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ืดื”ื—ื•ื’ ื”ื“ืจืžืชื™ืด ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช: ื‘ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื, ื‘ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื”ืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืžืกืคืจื ืจื‘ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆื’ื•ืช ื”ืดื—ื•ื’ ื”ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืด ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื -ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื“ืœื™ื” ืคืจื™ื“ืœื ื“ ื•ื“ื•ืจื™ ื—ื•ืจื’ืœ ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœื” ื˜ื™ืžืŸ ื•ืื•ืจื™ ื‘ื—ืจื‘, ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ืฉืณืงื”. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืดื—ื•ื’ืด ,ืื•ืœื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืืช ืขืจื›ื. ื•ื”ืื—ืจื™ื : ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื ืขืจื•ืช ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ืœืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจ. ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืื™ื ืš ืจืฉืื™ ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื•ื”ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื, ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘: ื“ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื—ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืคืฆืขื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื ื‘ื ืงืœ ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ื ื™ื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืžืจื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืฉืžืจื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื“ื” ืืช ื•ื‘ื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื ืข โ€” ื”ื ืฉื•ื›ื ืขื• โ€” ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉื•ื›ื ืข. ื•ืœืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื’ื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืžื—ื–ื”, ืขื•ื“ ืชืงื“ื™ื, ืขื•ื“ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ... ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืฉื ืขืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืื• ืฉืชื™... ืงโ€ข ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืŸ โ€” ,ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืขืชื™ืงื” โ€” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืชืœืจ, ื”ืชื™ืœ, ืฉืืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ืืช ืžืฆื•ื“ืชื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ื•ื ืกื• ืคืจื—ื™ึพื”ืจืคื•ืืจ, ืœื”ืจืฆืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชึพื”ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื”. ืื•ืœื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ืจืฆืื” ื–ื• ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ื“ืŸ, ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ืืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื•. ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชึพื”ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื•ื”ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจ ื—ืฆื•ืคื™ื, ื”ื“ืจืš ืืœื™ื• ื—ืกื•ืžืจ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืกื‘ื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ืงืฉื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฆืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืจืคื•ืื”, -ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช โ€” ืณื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืช ืขืจื•ื› ืช ืืžื ื™ื ืชืœ-ืื›ื™ื›ื™ื™ื ื›ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชืŸ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ืขืจื›ื” -ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื ื™ื ืžืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘. ื›ืืŸ ื ืจืื™ื ื”ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ื. ืžืฉืžืืœ: ืœื•ื™, ื– .ื‘ืŸึพืฆื‘ื™, ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื”, ื .ืื‘ื ื™, ื‘ืจื ื“ื ื‘ื•ืจื’, ื™ .ืคืจื ืงืœ, ืืฉื”ื™ื™ื, ื’ื‘ืณ ืกืœื•ืฆืงืื™, ื™ .ืžืืš, ื’ื‘ืณ ืฉืื—ื“ืœ. ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฆืœื•ื: ื‘ ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื’ืจื“ ื•ื‘ืœื•ื; ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช, ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืฉื•ืง ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื›ืžืื” ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื›ืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื• ื”ืืœืžื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื•ืœื“ ืœื•ื™ื“, ื”ืงื•ืžื™ืงืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ืฉืงืฃ, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื ื•, ืœืงื”ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ืœื”ื™ืคืš. ืžืื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ: ื”ื•ืœื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืกื™ื™ืžื” ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืกืจื˜ ืดืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืด ื‘ืฉื ืดื ืฉืืชื™ ืœืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืด .ืื ื• ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœืกืจื˜ ื ื’ื“ื™ ืžืžื•ืกืงื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื, ืื•ืœื™ืณ ืดื ืฉืืชื™ ืœืื™ืžืคืจื™ืœื™ืกื˜ึพืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ึพืงืœืจื™ืงืœืด. ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”: ืื ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืงื•ืœื’ืขืณ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืฉื™ื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ึพืฉื‘ืช, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืชื‘ืœ ื’ื ื™ื—ื“ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชืฉืขื™ื ืืœืฃ ื‘ืชื™ ืงื•ืœื ืข ื•ื‘ื”ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืชืฉืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ืืœื ืขืœ ืงื• ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ืขืชื•ื ืื™ื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืดืืœ ืขืœืด ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ืงื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”. ื”ื ื” ื”ื ืฆืœื•ื: ื‘ .ืจื• ืชื ื‘ืจื’ -ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื”ึพื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืขื ืง. ,ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ,ื ื–ืืณ 637 ืžืืช ืืœื› ืกื  ื“ืจ ืืœื› ืกื ื“ ืจื–ื•ืณ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืŸืด ืืœื–ืฃ ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ืœื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžื˜ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืขื ืฃ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื›ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ; ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉื•ืงื“ืช ืขืœ ืดื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืœืžื™ืด ื–ื” ื•ื›ืืŸ ื’ื ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืณ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื. ื”ื–ื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื˜ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืขืจ, ืืžืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืจ ืื”ืจืŸ ืชืžืจื™, ื™ื•ืดืจ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืชืดื. ื”ื˜ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื•ื”ืžืกื•ืจ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืŸึพืฉื™ื—ื™, ืงื‘ื• ืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœึพ 1ืคื˜ืคื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ื”ืžืกื•ืŸ ืจืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืŸึพื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืชืดื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืืœื™ืคื•ืช ื–ื” ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืชืณ ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืื ื• ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ืื’ืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืืณ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืžืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืœืื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ. ื’ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื–ื›ืชื” ืงื‘ืณ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืืด ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืืจ ืืœื•ืฃ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืœืขื•ื ืช . 1948โ€”9ืงื‘ืณ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืืด ืชืคืกื” ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืชื•ืš 11 ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืืœื”. ืœืงื”ืœ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ืงื‘ืณ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืืด ื—ื“ืฉ. ื–ื” ืฉืœืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื–ื• ืฉืžืฉื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื•ืžื•ืคืช ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ. ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืืช ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืœืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื™ ื–ืดืœ, ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื ื™ื•ึพื’ื™ื ื™ืื”, ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช , 1946 ื•ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื ืขืจื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœืณ ืฉื”ืชืžืกืจื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืงื™ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช. ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืึพื ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ื ืขืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•. ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื–ื• ืกื’ืœื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉืจื™ื™ืชื” ื ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืขืฉืชื” ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืจื‘. ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง, ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ืœื ื•ืขืจ ืœืฉื ืช 1947โ€”8ืฆืขื“ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืชื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืฉื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ. ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื ืฆื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœ 12 ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื” ื•ื”ื‘ืงื™ืขื” 59 ืฉืขืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉืขืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื”. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 1949 ื ืขืจื›ื• ืขืดื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ืœื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•, ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืืจืฆื™ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืดื ื•ืงึพืืื•ื˜ืด ,ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืžื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืžื“,ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืชโ€ข ืงื‘ืณ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืื‘ืจื”ื ืคืœืกื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ืณื”ื“ืจืš ืœื’ืžืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืข ืชื•ืš ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื, ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ืžืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืขืณ ื‘ื• ื ืฆื—ื” ืืช ืงื‘ืณ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืจืžืชึพื’ืŸ. ืขื ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืชืดื ืกื’ืœื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ืืด ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืดืกื˜ื•ืคืจืด ื”ื ื•ื“ืขืช, ื•ื”ื ื” ื’ืก ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ืœื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1948โ€”9 ืชืคืกื” ืงื‘ืณ ืžื›ื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืื ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื, ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืขื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื, ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช. ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืืœื” ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ืงื‘ืณ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ืœื ื•ืขืจ ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื’ื™ืœื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื”. ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขื ืžืจ ืชืžืจื™ ื’ื ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืชืดื. ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ,1948 ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘* ,ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ,ื ื•ืกืณ 637 ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืชืดื ื ืขื“ืจื• 10 ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชืคื˜ืจื” ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื—ืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื–ื”, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœื ื ืขืจื›ื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืกื“ื™ืจื™ื. ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ืงื ื•ืขื“ ื–ืžื ื™, ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœื”, ื‘ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืžืืžืŸึพื”ืงึพื‘ื•ืฆื” ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื ื™ื›ื™ ื•ืžื•ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืื’ื•ื“ืชื ื• โ€” ืžืฉื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ื’ืณืจื™. ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ื”ืžืืžืŸ ื™ื“ืข ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ื—ืก ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืฆืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื’ื•ืกืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ืชืŸ ืœืžืืžืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืฆืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื. ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžืชืืžื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื’ื•ืกืœื‘ื™ื ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ืืฆืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื“. ื“ืขื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ืœืฉื—ืงื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืชึพื”ืœื•ื™, ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื• ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื”ืจืืชื” ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื”, ื•ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืจืขื ื ื•ืช ืืœื ื’ื ืงื•ื ื“ื™ืฆื™ื” ืžืœืื” ื”ืžื ื•ืฆืœืช ืขื“ ืงืฆื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช. ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืชืดื ืœืื—ืจ 90 ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื‘ื™ืข ืจืฆื•ืŸ. ืžื˜ืจืชื ื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช, ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืžืจ ืชืžืจื™, ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืœืžื›ื‘ื™ืจ, ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืืจ ืืœื•ืฃ ื”ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ื”ืด ,ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ื‘ืงืฉืจ !ืขื ื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ืชืงืฉืจื ื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืดืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืดืœ, ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื›ืกื™ืกื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืจื•ื›ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ื“,ืžึพื›ื‘ื™ื”. ืกืกืกืกืกืกืกืกืกืกืกืกืกืกืกืกื– ^ ืกืณ ืก ื ื™ื’ ืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืงืจ. ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ. ืืžืจ: ืชื ื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืœื—ืžื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืจ. ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจ: ืื ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ื”ืกืงื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช. ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืžืคืชื— ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืกืงื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจืชืš. ืื– ื—ื™ื™ืš ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื—ืžื“ืณ ื—ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืจื™ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืžื›ื™ืกื•, ืืžืจ: ื”ื ื” ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื”ืกืงื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช. ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืดืงื•ื ื™ืืง ืžื“ื™ึพืฆื™ื ืืœื™ืด ืฉืœ ืดื›ืจืžืœ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืด ื•ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ืฉืขื ืดืชื ื•ืจืด ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืก ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืืœ ื”ืืก ืงื™ืžื•ืกื™ื. ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื‘ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืดืžื›ื‘ื™ืด ืชืœ- ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืœื ื• ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื˜ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช. ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืงืขืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ... ื‘ืจืืžื, ืžืืœืจ, ืฆืณื™ืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื“ื‘ื•ืจื–ืณืืงืณ ื“ื‘ื™ืกื™, ืกืืŸึพืกืืŸ1 . ื‘ื ื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ ื•ืก ื”ืขื™ืจื” ื”ื”ื•ืœืš (ื”ืžืฉืš ืžืขืžื•ื“ )4 ื™ื—ื“ โ€” ืืœ ืชืคื—ื“. ืืžืจ โ€” ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืฉืšืด. ืืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืงืจื‘ ืจื•ื›ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืคื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืดื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื™ื•ื ื•ืชืด ืžืืœื• ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื”ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืงืคื™ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื ืžืจื˜ื˜ื™ื ืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ื™ื. ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ ื ืชื’ื“ืฉ ื—ื‘ื”. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืขืจ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœื‘ืœื‘ ื•ืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืจื•ื›ืœ ื•ืึพ ื—ื•ืจืชื•: ืจื ื™ โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘ โ€” ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืงื•ืคืฆืช?ืด ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื• ื‘ืื‘, ืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ , ื ืชืจื•ืžื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” :ืดื›ืŸ ืื‘ืืœืณื” โ€” ืืžืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ืฆื•ืช โ€” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืงื•ืคืฆืชืด. ืดืจื ื™ โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘ โ€” ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ืืœ ืชืงืคื•ืฅ ืคื”ืด ืื—ืจ ืงืจื ืœืจื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ื•ืจืžื– ืœื• ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื•. ื”ืœื” ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื—ืคื–ื”, ื›ืœื• ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช. ืดื‘ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื”?ืด ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘. ืดืžื™ืงื™ ืžืื•ืก ืืžืจ ื”ืจื•ื›ืœ โ€” ืžื™ืงื™ ืžืื•ืก ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ืณ ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ืด. ืดืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื’ืจื•ืฉืด ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘. ื”ืจื•ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื• ื‘ืคืœื™ืื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ืจืชึพืจื•ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื: ืื“ื•ืŸ โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืจื•ื›ืœ โ€” ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื˜ื˜ืณื, ื–ื” ืžื™ืงื™ ืžืื•ืก, ืื ื™ ืงื•ื ื” ืžื™ืงื™ ืžืื•ืก ืืจื‘ืข ื’ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™, ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืœื™ื ื’ืด. ื”ืื‘ ื—ื™ื™ืš: ื˜ื•ื‘ โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืชืŸ ื”ื ื” ืžื™ืงื™ ืžืื•ืกืด. ื”ืืฉื“, ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืชื“, ืขื•ืงื‘ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ืžืชึพืœื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืกื—ืจึพืžื›ืจ :ืดื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ โ€” ืืžืจื” โ€” ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืงื™ ืžืื•ืก ืขืฉืจ ื’ืจื•ืฉืด. ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืœืจื•ื›ืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ืœื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื‘ื•ื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœื ืขืจ : ืดื™ืœื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ื™ืœื“ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื™ืงื™ ืžืื•ืก ื˜ื•ื‘ืด. ื”ืืฉื“, ืฆื—ืงืงื” ื‘ืขืœื™ื–ื•ืช :ืดื“ืื ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืŸ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ืด ืืžืจื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช, ื”ืื‘ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื›ืœ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’ ืฆื—ืงื•. ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ืžืขืœื™ื–ื•ืช, ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืคื™ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ืชื•ื”ื” ืขืœ ืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื” ื”ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ื™ื. ื”ืื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืš :ืดืžื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื ื™?ืด ืดืชื•ื“ื” ืื‘ืืœืณื” โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ื ืขืจ โ€” ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”ืด ื™ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ืงืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื”: ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื™ืงื™ ืžืื•ื โ€” ื–ืžืจืจ โ€” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื™ืงื™ ืžืื•ืกืด. ืืจืฉืช ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ ื ืฉืชื ืชื” โ€ข:ื”ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืชืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” โ€” ืืžืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” โ€” ืื ืชืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืœื ืชืกืข ืœืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ืด. ืดืœืืณ ืื‘ืืœืณื” โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ื ืขืจ โ€” ืœื ืืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื”ืด. ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืจืื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ืงืœื—ื™ึพืชื™ืจืก ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื‘ื ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืขื’ืœืชึพื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžืช ืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื•ืœืชื•. ื”ื ืขืจ ืฆื“ื“ ืจืืฉื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืกื•ื :ืดืื‘ืืœืณื” โ€” ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ื ื” โ€” ืงื ื” ืœื™ ืชื™ืจืืณ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืชื™ืจืก ื—ืืด. ื”ืื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื• ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื’ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” :ืดืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืจืก โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืงื ื™ืชื™ ืœืš ื‘ื•ื‘ื”ืด. ืดืจืง ืื—ื“ืด โ€” ืฉื‘ ื”ื ืขืจ ื•ื”ืชื—ื ืŸ โ€” ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืงื˜ืŸืด. ื”ืื‘ ื ืจืื” ื›ืขื•ืก :ืณ,ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืš ืฉืชืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื”ืด โ€” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื“ ื;17ืš ื“ืณืขื™ื’ื“ืณื“ืณ ืณ 7773ืด <7ื’ื * ืด ื™ืกื–ื’ ึพื– ื“ืณ-ื™ ื”ื ืขืจ โ€” ืดืฉื—ืง ื‘ื‘ื•ื‘ื”ืณ โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืฉื›ืŸ ืงื ื™ืชื™ ืœืš ืื•ืชื”ืด. ืคื ื™ ื”ื ืขืจ ื ืขื•ื• ื›ืื•ืžืจ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื‘ื‘ื›ื™: ืดืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืชื™ืจืกืด ,ืฉื‘ ื•ืืžืจ. ื”ืื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืื™ื•ื: ื˜ื•ื‘ ืชืŸ ื”ื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื• ืืงื ื” ืœืš ืชื™ืจืกืด. ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• ื•ื—ื‘ืงื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ื“ื™ื•: ืœื โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื ืชื™ืจืกืด. ื”ืื‘ ืฉื‘ ื•ื ืชื›ืขื :ืดืื™ืŸ โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ื’ื ื–ื“, ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ืื™ืŸืด. ื”ื ืขืจ ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืจื’ืข ืงืœืณ ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืคืชืื•ืžื™ืช :ืณืณื˜ื•ื‘ โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืงื— ืื•ืชื” ื•ืงื ื” ืœื™ ืชื™ืจืกืด. ื”ืื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื•, ืื—ืจ ื—ื™ื™ืš: ืืชื” ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืืชื” ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸืด. ืžืฉืจืื” ืฉื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ื’ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืŸ ื ื‘ืขื• ื‘ืœื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืื•ืช. ื—ื™ื™ืš ืืฃ ื”ื•ืืณ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืจืืฉื• ื‘ืขื“ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ, ื•ืงืจื ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ืงืœื—ื™ึพื”ืชื™ืจืก. ืจื™ื— ืฆืžื—ื™ ื”ื ืขื ื” ื ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืชื™ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื• ื•ื ื›ื ืกื• ืคื ื™ืžื”. ื”ื–ืงื ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื ืฉืื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ืฆืจื•ืจ ืฆืžื—ื™ ื ืขื ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื•ืจื™ื— 3ืด0ืณ ื•ืืœื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื”ืณ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืฉืื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ืกืœ ืงืœื•ืข ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืขื’ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ืขื“ ืฉืคืชื• ืคืœืคืœื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื. ื”ื ืขืจ ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืฉืขื” ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœื™ื“ ื”ื ื”ื’. ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืขืžื™ื“ึพืชื ื•ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื : ืดืžื” ื–ื” โ€” 1ืืžืจ ื”ื ืขืจ โ€” ืžื” ื”ื ืกื•ื—ื‘ื™ื?ืด. ื”ืื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืคืœื™ืื” ื•ื‘ื”ื‘ ื ื™ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื :ืดืคืœืคืœื™ื โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืคืœืคืœื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ืืด. ืื™ืคื” ืคืœืคืœื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื? ืืžืจ ื”ื ืขืจ. ืดื‘ืกืœ โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘ โ€” ื‘ืกืœ ื™ืฉ ืคืœืคืœื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ืืด. ื”ื ืขืจ ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื–ืงื ื” ืฉืคืกืขื” ืฉื—ื•ื—ื™ืณ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืชื“, ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืืช ืฆืจื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื ืืœ ืืคื” ื•ืžืจื™ื—ื” ืืช ืจื™ื—ื. ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืžื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ : ืžื” ื–ื” ืื‘ื? โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“?ืด ื”ืื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื–ืงื ื” :ืดื”ื™ื ืžืจื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”ืด ืืžืจ. ืดืžื” ื–ื”, ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”?ืด ืฉื‘ ื•ืฉืืœ ื”ื ืขืจ. ืดื“ื ื™ โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘ โ€” ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ืืœ ืชืฉืืœ ืฉืืœื•ืชืด. ื”ื ืขืจ ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื• ื‘ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื•ื ืฉืชืชืง. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืงื‘ ื”ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื• ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืกืœ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ื•ืฆื ื—ื” ื‘ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื–ืงื ื”ืณ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืžื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชื™ืžื ื™ืช ื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืฉ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ื ืขืจ ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื–ืงื ื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืืคืช ืืœ ืงืจื‘ื” ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ื”ืขืœื™ื: ืดืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืจื™ื—ื” ืื•ืชื?ืด ืฉื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ืื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืคื” ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ื•ืกื—ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื–ื• ืขื ื–ื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ื” :ืดื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืจื™ื— ื ืขื™ืืด ืืžืจ. ืดื’ื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชืืด ืืžืจ ื”ื ืขืจ. ื”ืื‘ ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื• ื‘ืจื•ื’ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื :ืดื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš. ืืžืจ โ€” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืจื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื›ืืœื”ืด. ืดืื– ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืจื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”?ืด ื ืขื™ืžืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ืชืจืณ ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ืขืงืฉื ื™ืช, ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืขื™ืžืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ. ืดื”ื™ื ืชื™ืžื ื™ื” โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘ โ€” ืชื™ืžื ื™ื ืžืจื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”ืด. ื”ื ืขืจ ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืงืจื ื•ืช :ืดืœืžื” ืชื™ืžื ื™ื ืžืจื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื›ืืœื”?ืด. ืจื ื™ โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘ โ€” ืื ืื™ื ืš ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืื ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชืš ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”ืด. ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื ืชืคื—ื“ ื•ื“ืžื, ื‘ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื โ€” ื›ืœื™ืœ. ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืกืœ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืืฃ ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื. ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•โ€ข ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื. ื‘ืช ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ืงื ื” ื”ื–ื•?ืด ืืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื. ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ โ€” ื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ื‘ืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืขืช, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืช ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื™ืืด. ืดื›ืŸ โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€” ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื”ื, ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงืฉื” ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื”ืืด. ืดื”ื ื ื•ืจื ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื โ€” ื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ึพืขื‘ื•ื“ื” โ€” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืจื™ื—ื™ื. ื”ื ื ื•ืจื ืžืฉื•ื ื™ืืด. ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœื ืขื ื• ืœื•. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืืณ ืื• ืืคืฉืจ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™, ืื• ืืคืฉืจ ื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืžื™ื”. ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ืงื ื”, ืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืกืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ :ืดืื‘ื โ€” ืืžืจ โ€” ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืœืคืœื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื?ืด. ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชืืด ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘. ืดื•ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืชืœึพืื‘ืดื‘?ืด ืชื”ื” ืืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ืงื ื” ืžืจื™ื—ื” ืืช ืขืœื™ ื”ื ืขื ื”: ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืืคืช ืืช ืจื™ื—ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืื– ื ืจืืชื” ...ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ืช. ืดื›ืŸ โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘ โ€” ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืคืœืคืœื™ื ืœืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ืด. ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฉื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” :ืณืณื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืคืœืคืœื™ื ืœืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘?ืด, ืดืจื ื™ โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ืื‘ โ€” ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ืืœ ืชืฉืืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืชืด. ืดื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืกืจื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกืด ืืžืจ ื”ื ื”ื’ืด .ื•ืืžืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืืณ ืื• ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ, ื’ื—ื›ื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ. ื”ืืฉื“, ืขื ื”ื›ืœื‘ืœื‘ ืžืœืื” ืื—ืจื™ื•: ืดื™ื”ืณ ื“ืืก ืฉื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ืด. ื•ืื– ืฆื—ืงื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช. ืคืจื˜ ืœืชื™ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื. ื”ื–ืงื ื” ื”ื™ืชื“, ืžืจื™ื—ื” ืืช ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”. ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื•ืชื”ืชื” ืœื“ืขืช ืœืžืื™ ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื. ืดื•ื‘ื›ืŸ โ€” ืืžืจ ื”ื ื”ื’ โ€” ืดืคื™ื™ื“ื™ืืด. ืืžืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” : ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืข ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื’ ื”ืขื™ืจื” . ,ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืณ /ื ื–ืืณ 637 ืžืื–ื’ืณ *ื“ืง ืฉ. ืกืืžื˜ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืจื’ื• ืฆืืฆืื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจืช-ืื ื•ืฉ ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืชื•ื— ื›ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื•ืฅ ืžืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืื“ ื”ื ืืฉืžื™ื โ€” ื–ื•ื’ ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื”, ื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื ื˜ื•ืฉ. ื”ื™ื โ€” ื—ื•ืจืช ื•ืฆืžื•ืงื”, ื™ื“ื™ื” ืžื’ื•ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืฉืขืจื” ืœื ืขืฉื•ื™. ื‘ืขืœื” โ€” ืœื‘ื•ืฉื• ืกืกื’ื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืœื”, ืžื›ื ืกื™ื• ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆื™ื ื›ืชืžื™ึพืฉืžืŸ, ื—ื•ืœืฆืชื•, โ€” ืจื•ืกื™ืช, ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื•ื›ื•ื‘ืขึพื’ืจื‘ ืžืงื•ืคืœ ืงื™ืคื•ืœ ืจื—ื‘ ื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• ื•ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืคื ื™ื•. ื”ื ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื— ืชื™ื ื•ืง โ€” ,ื‘ื ื. ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœืงื—ื• ืžืขืจืฉ ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช, ืฉื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื™ื‘ืชึพืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ื ื˜ืฉื• ื‘ืฉื“ื”. ื”ื ืืฉืžื™ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืžืชื, ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ืจื•ื˜ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืœืฉื™ ื”ืดืฉืจืœื•ืง ื”ื•ืœืžืกื™ืด ื›ืฉืจืื” ืืช ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ื ื˜ื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ืœืคื• ื‘ืžื•ื—ื• ืจื•ื•ื™ึพืกืคื•ืจื™ึพื”ืจืคืชืงืื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืชึพืชื•ืคืช ื•ืคืฆืฆื•ืชึพืฉืขื•ืŸืณ ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื“ื” ื’ื•ืคื” ืงืคื•ืื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืชื•ื ืื™ื ื”ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฆืคืจื ื™ ืขื˜ื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื’ืœืžื•ื“ื”. ื”ืฉื›ื ื” โ€” ืขื•ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื”ื™ื ื ืฉื‘ืขืช, ื›ื™ ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ื ืืฉืžืช โ€ขืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจื ื•ื›ืจืกื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื™ื”. โ€” ืดืื”, ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื“, ื›ืจืก ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืขื“ื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื ื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ื‘ืืฉ ื ืงืžื” ื ืฉื™ืช ืคืจื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช. ืชืžื” ืคืจืฉืช ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ื”ื ืืฉืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืคืจื ืกื™ื ืกื ื™ื’ื•ืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืขื“ื™ึพื”ื’ื ื”. ื”ื‘ืขืœ โ€” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืกืคื•ืจื• ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื•ื ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข. ืจืืฉื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืืฆื™ื. ืกื•ืคื• ื‘ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ื”ืขืžืžื™ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœื ืขื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื™ื. โ€” ื‘ืื ื• ืืจืฆื” ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจึพื›ืœ โ€” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ื ืืฉื ื‘ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื• โ€” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืฉืชื™, ืื ื™, ื•ื”ืชื™ื ื–ืงึพืฉื‘ื“ืจืš. ืžืžื—ื ื”ืดื”,ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืจืขื•ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™ืžืจ ืขืจื‘ื™, ื•ื’ื ื—ืœืงืช ืฉื“ื” ื ืชื ื• ืœื ื•. ืงื™ื•ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืฉื“ื” ื™ืชืŸ ืคืจื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืคื™ื˜ืžื ื• ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืขืช ื”ืœื™ื“ื”. ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื• ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืคื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ืืš ืืช ื”ื ืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘. ืกืžื›ื ื• ื‘ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืดื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ืžื™ื•ื 15.12.49 ื”ื—ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืดืžืขื ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”ืด! ืžืชืขื›ื‘ ืžืจ ืฆืณืกื˜ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจื˜ ืื™ืš ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื•ื’ื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืžื“ื• ื™ื—ืก ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืžื”ื• ื•ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ืขืœ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ืื ื• ืชืžื™ืžื™ึพื“ืขื™ื ืขื ืžืจ ืฆืณืกื˜ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื›ื™ ื”ืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืกืžืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืกืชืžื›ืช ืขืœ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื•ืณ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืžื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืœื”ื›ืฉืœ. ื‘ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืชื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• โ€” ืื– ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ืจืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื‘ืงื•ืจืช ื›ื–ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืื”ื“ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ. ื ื—ืžื” ื›ื•ืจืฉื˜ื™ืŸ, ื ื–ื ืงื—ืช, ืงืฆื™ื ืช ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ: ืฉืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืฉื ื™. ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืงืŸ ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื•ื™ืืžืฆื• ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœื•. ื›ืš ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ืขื‘ื™ ื›ืจืกืด. ื”ืื ื”ืžื™ื•ืชืžืช ืžื•ื—ื” ื“ืžืขื” ืคื•ื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื’ื” ืžืคื™ื”. ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ืžื”ื•ืจื”ืจ ื‘ืขืžืงื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืืฉืžื” ืœืดืคื–ื™- ื–ื•ืช ืคื•ืฉืขืช ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœืžื•ื•ืชืด. ืคืกืงึพื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื•ืžื ื•ืžืง. ืจืืฉื™ืชื•โ€” , ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช. ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืœืงโ€ข ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ืฆืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ. ื”ื•ื ืžื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื ื—ืœื™ ื“ืžืขื•ืช ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื ืืฉืžื™ื. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ โ€” ืขื•ื ืฉ. ืงืœื™ืœ ื•ืกืžืœื™, ืžืืกืจ ืงืฆืจ ืœืคื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง. ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืขืจืขืจ. ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชืงืณ ื•ืคื™ึพืœื ื˜ืจื•ืค ืžืฉืคื˜ื™, ืžืืœื” ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื—ืžื ืืช ืกืคืกืœื™ ื‘ื™ืชึพื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ื˜ืœื ื•ืช ืื• ืžืชื•ืš ืกืื“ื™ื–ื ื ืกืชืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ืืฉื ื‘ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ืช ืจืฆื•ืฆื”: โ€” ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืื™ื ื• ืจื›ื•ืฉืš ! ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ ! ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ืื ื•ืฉ ! ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื™ื ื . ื˜ื‘ืจืกืง ื™, ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขืดืž ืกืคืจื™ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ื• ืื‘ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื•ื•ืคืฉ ื›ืกื“ืจืช ืดืคืคืจื™ึพื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœืด ืœื›ื›ื•ื“ ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืจืคื• ื‘ืกืงื™ ื‘ื”ื•ึพื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืดื”ื•ื•ื”ืด ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจึพื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืจึพื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ืคืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื• ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ืžืชื›ื ืกืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ 200 ืคืจื•ื˜ื”. ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช: ื™ .ื›ืจื•ื ืคื˜ืŸ, ืจื—ืณ ืฆืณืœื ื•ื› ,2ื˜ืœืณ .3452 ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ,ืžืืณ 637 ื”ืื•ืœื ืžืœื ืžืคื” ืœืคื”. ื›ืœ ืดื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื”ืด ื•ืžืขืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื’ืณ ืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื›ืืŸ. ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ืืš ื“,ืดืจืžื”ืด ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื”. ื•ืžืฆืขืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื ื“, ื‘ืจื•ื›ืชึพื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ืืžื ื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื ืขืจืฆืช ื•ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ, ืฉื ืขื“ืจื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ืืณ ื‘ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช, ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืขืจื‘ ืขืจื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื•ืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืžืฉื? ืืฃ ืœื ืฉื™ืจ ืขืžืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืคื•ืœืงืœื•ืจื™ ืื• ืืžื ื•ืชื™. ืจืง ืดืงื™ื˜ืฉืด ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ื’ื ืžื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขืจืš ืืžื ื•ืชื™. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื ืฉืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืดื ืฉืงืด ืฉืœื” ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื . ืืœืชืจ ืžืŸ. ื›ืืŸ ื”ื—ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืจืง ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ืขื ื”ื—ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ื• ืฉืœ ื’ืณ .ืœื•ื‘ื™ืฅ. ื—ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื‘ืดืงื•ื ืฆืจื˜ืด ื–ื”. ืืš ื ืงื•ื“, ืฉื–ื• ืจืง ืืคื™ื–ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื ืจืื” ืืช ื’ืณ .ืœื•ึพื‘ื™ืฅืณ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื”, ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื™ื›ืœึพืชื”. ืดืœื™ืœื“,ืœื•ืด ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆื™ืข ืดื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืชื— ื ื›ื”ืด ืœืงื”ืœ ืดื—ื“ืจ ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจืด, ืืš ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื™ื’ืžืจ ืฉื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ื–ืขื™ืจื” ืชื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืชื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื–ื•. ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื โ€ข ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ืคื–ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืดืœื™ืœื”ืœื•ืด ,ืงื•ืจื ืœื” ืดื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืชื— ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืืš ืฉื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืดืœื™ืœื”ืœื•ืด ,ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืœื”ื™ืคืš โ€” ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืืช ื“ืžื™ื” ืžืœื™ืœื”ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”... ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืดืœื™ืœื”ืœื•ืด ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืคืขื ืดืœืžืชื•ื—ืด ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื ื’ืœื” ืžืดืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชืด ,ืจืง ื ืกืคืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืดืœ, ื”ืื•ืดื ื•ื”ืœื™ื’ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื... ื™. ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื›ื‘ืฉ ืคืขื ืดื›ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืกื˜ืจืด ืืช ื‘ืžืช ื”ืดืžื˜ืื˜ืืด ืขื‘ ืดื”ืขื•ืฆืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœืด ืฉืœื•, ืฉื ื”ืคืš ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœืดืื•ืฆืจืด ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคืช ื”ืดืžื˜ืื˜ืืด ,ืžื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืดืžื˜ืื˜ืืด ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื›ื™ ืœืžืจืื™ื” ืดื™ืชื’ืœื’ืœื• ืžืฆื—ื•ืงืด ื‘ืื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืชึพื”ืขื. ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืืžื ื ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืืœื ืฉื“ืขืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื–ื›ื• ืืฆืœื ื• ืœืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื”ืจืื•ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ืฉืœื• ืดื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืกื˜ืจืด ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื• ื”ืŸ ื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืกืกืจื™ื. ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืจืคื•ืจื˜ื–ืณื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžื—ึพื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ื ืžืกื•ืคื™ ืขืœ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื ื›ื™ึพืžืœื—ืžื”, ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ ื•ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื’ืื•ืŸ โ€” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืฉืœื ื ื’ืžืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืกื›ื ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืฉื•ืžืžื” ืืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ 550 ืคืจื•ื˜ื”. ื‘ื™ืช-ืจืขื ืจ,ื–ืจ... ืด 48ืฉ?ืŸื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืดืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืกึพืจื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืด 48 ืฉืขื•ืช ื›ื™ืžืžื”ืด ื‘ื™ืžืžื”ืด ื‘ืžื•ื’ืจื‘ื™, ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœืงื”ืœ ื”ืคืชืขื” ื ืขื™ืžื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืืช ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื–. ืฉืฉื•ื ืงื™ื–. ื•ื”ืงื”ืœ ืขืจืš ืœื” ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ืจืžื•ืช. ืื’ื‘ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื” ืœืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืœืกืจื˜ ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืชืคืช, ื•ื”ืคื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืงื•ืคื” ...ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ ื‘ืขืงืจื• ื”ืจื™ ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื”, ื•ื—ื‘ืœ ืจืง ืฉื”ื‘ืžืื™ ื•. ื•ื™ืงืก ื•ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื˜. ืจื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืกืจื˜ ื•ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘. ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื ื“ืคืกื• ืœื ื™ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื•ืจืฃ ื‘ื•ืœ ืœื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“. ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื“,ืขื ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืชื•ื”ื” ืขืœ ืขื–ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื. ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื™ื ืืžื ื•ืชื™ื™ืึพืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ึพืจื‘ืชื™, ืื™ืœื•... ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ื—ืกืจื” โ€” ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืžื—ื ืง โ€” ืื™ืœืžื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื ืกื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื–ื ื™ื ื• ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชืœื•ื ื” ื•ืงื˜ืจื•ื’ ืขืœ ืขืจืขื•ืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืึพืžื ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืดืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืชืจื“ืžื”ืด ืœื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืžื•, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืื– ื ื•ืกื“ (ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื!) ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื ื—ืœ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ึพืกื™ืชื” ืขื“ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืฃ ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉื˜ื—ื” ืขื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžึพ 40.000 ื“ื•ื ืื. ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ: ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ. ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืจืขื•ืขื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ โ€” ืฉืชื™ืงื•ื ื•ึพื”ืžืขื˜ ื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืœื• ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื• ืคืจืฆื•ืคื• โ€” ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืชึพื”ืขื, ืฉืœืขื™ืจื™ื” ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืจื‘ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื”, ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™. ืžืชื™ ืดืชืชืขื•ืจืจืด ื”ืขื™ืจื™ืจ, ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ืคืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื–ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืื“ื ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื• ืžื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืชึพื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืžื“ืจื’ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื–ืžื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืชื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช? ื›ืงืŸ ื”ืžืชืจื•ืงืŸ ืฉืขื” ืงืœื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ื” โ€” ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” โ€” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืžื” ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื—ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืŸึพืœื™ืœื”. ืขื•ื“ ืชืžื•ืœึพืฉืœืฉื•ื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืกื•ืื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื›ืงืŸ ื”ืžืชืจื•ืงืŸ... ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ื” ื•ืœืืจื›ื”, ืขื•ื“ ืžืชืจื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื™ื, ืขื•ื“ ืžืชื ื•ืกืกื™ื ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืงืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ .6311 ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื•ึพื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืดื“ืŸืดื™ ืœืงืจื™ื” โ€” ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื ืš, ื‘ืขื‘ืจืš ื›ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื ืขื–ื‘ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”, ื›ื™ ืžืคืขืœื™ื• ืžืฆื˜ืžืงื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ. ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸึพืžื” ืœืดืžื•ื—ึพืจืืด ...ื•ืžื•ื–ืจ ืงืฆืช ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื“,ื ืขื–ื‘ื™ื ืขืดื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื. ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืกื•ืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื™ื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืชืคื ื™ื ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ื, ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื™ื” ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช. ื™ื•ืจืฉืช ืื•ืฆืจ ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ื–ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืœืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื•ื ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืื•ื ื ืช. ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ืฆืก ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืณื”ื–ื”, ืฉืืฉืจื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ื. ื”ืืฉื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื” ืžื‘ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื™ื, ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ืืช ื”ืจืฆืคื”, ืžื›ื‘ืกืช ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื™ื“ื™ื“, ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ืข ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืขื ืžื™ื ืงืจื™ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื, ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืคืฆื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ืžื›ืขืจื™ื ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ืข ืชืจืฉื™ ืœื™ื“ื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ื™ ืžืจื—ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืจื ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื”ืจ ื•ืขื•ืจ ื™ื“ื™ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื•ื’ืจื•ื™. ืงืจื ืœื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื”ืจ ื ืกืคื’ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ. ืืด1ืดืดืดืณ3ึพ /ืกื•ื”ืœื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืชื” ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืงืฆืจื”, ืฉื™ืžืžื•ืช ืคืขืœืชื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืคืจื™ื“ื” ื. ื›ื—ื–ื™ืช. ื™ื•ื ืฉืฉื™ 21 ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื“ืจื“ืจ ืื•ืคื ื•ืข ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉืณ ืคืจืฅ ื‘ืกืขืจื” ืืœ ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ืช. ื•ืื•ืœื ืืชืžื•ืœ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื‘ืกื•ื˜ื™ืช ...ื›ื” ืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื™ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช (ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืžืกื“ืจื™ื) ืžื”ืจ ื•ื”ืคื– ืืœ ืงืฆื”ื• ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™, ืฉื ื™ื–ื“ืงืจ ืฆืจื™ืคื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื”ึพ ืขื–ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืื• ืชื•... ื ืืžืŸ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ืฅ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื•. ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืœื•ื’ื”, ื•ื ืขืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืžืชึพืคืชืข. ืžื™ื“ ืฉื’ืจ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื•ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ื, ืžืชืคืจืฅ ื“,ื’ืžืœื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืงืคืฅ ื™ื•ืฉืžื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืขื ืช, ื”ืกื™ื˜ ื•ื”ื–ื™ื” ืืช ืžืชืจื•ืฆืฅ ืื ื” ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืื•ืคื ื•ืข ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืฉื ื•ื›ื— ื›ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื•ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ืจืง ื›ืœืคื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื• ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื•ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช. ืขื•ืžื“ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืขืžื“ื•, ื–ื ื—ื• ื•ื“ืœื’ ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืจึพืžื’ื•ืจื• โ€” ,ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืž.ืž โ€” .ื™ื•ืกืงื”, ื”ื™ื” ืชืฆืคื™ืชื•, ื‘ื•ื“ืง ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ, ืžืกืžืŸ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืดื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืงื” ืืณ. ืจืง ืคืชื— ืงืžืขื” ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืื–ื ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืžื”ื“ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืืงื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื™ื—ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ื”ืกืชืขืจื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื“ื” ื•ืžื“ืœื’ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคืข ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ืขื•ืจืš ืœื—ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉืื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื™ืฆื™ืง ื”ืกืžืดืž : .ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ! ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื“ื™ื ! ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื™ืฆืื” ื ืฉืžืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช ื’ื ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืงื‘ืฆืŸ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื•ื™ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืชืงืคืชึพืžื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืžืจื•ื‘ ืฆืคื™ื” ! ืด ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื•. ื”ืชืงืจื‘, ื”ืขืœื” ื—ื™ื•ืš ืขืœ ืฉืคืชื™ื• ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ื ื—ืช : ืžืฉื•ื ืžื”, ืขื‘ื“ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืœื”ื˜ ืฉืœ ืดืื”ืœืŸ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ืœื™ืช ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืื•ืช. ื™ ื—ื‘ื”. ื”ืกืชืขืจื• โ€” ื”ืกืชืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฅ, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืืชื” ื ืจืื” ืžื‘ืกื•ื˜.ืด ืดืื™ืฆื™ืงืณ ืืชื” ื”ื•ืจื’. ืฉืื’ืชืš ื’ืจื•ืขื” ืžืคื’ื– ืฉืœ ื•ืืงืกื˜ื–ื”, ืชื•ืš ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื–ืขืงื•ืช. ื“ื•ืžื” โ€” ืงืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ืฉืœืฉื” ืื™ื ืฆืณ.ืด ืคื ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื ื”ืจื• ืžืื•ืฉืจ, ื›ืชืชื• ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื”ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ืช ืดื‘ืœืขืชื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืœื ืฉืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืกืงื” ื“,ืž.ืž. ื ืฉืืจื• ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ. ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืžื“ื™.ืด ืดืœืขื–ืื–ืœ. ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืจื•ื— ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•. ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื—ืจืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ! ื™ ืด ืดืจืื•ื‘ืŸ, ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ. ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ื ืš. ื ื•, ื™ื•ืฉืงื” ื“ื•ืคืง ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื›ืœึพื›ืš ืžื”ื™ืจ. ื”ื™ืชื“, ื”ื—ืžื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ื”ื” ื‘ืคืืชื™ ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžืจื›ื›ืช ืฆื ืชื• ื–ื” ื™ืกืคื™ืง. ื™ืฉ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืชื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ. ื”ื™ืชื“, ื”ื—ืžื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ื”ื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืœืฆืืช ืœืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืื›ืœืช?ืด ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืจื›ื–ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ืชื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช. ื•ืื–, ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืดื›ืŸ, ื•ื“ืื™.ืด ื”ื–ื™ืขื” ื ื’ืจืช ืœืœื ื”ืคื•ื’ื”, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืคื ื™ื ืžืกืžื™ืงื™ื ืดื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืš ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืด ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืžืœื”ื˜ ื”ื—ืžื”, ื ืคืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ืดื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื”ืž.ืค, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ื–ืืช ืืžืฉ.ืด ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืื” ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืดืื ื›ืš ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ืš ื•ื’ืฉ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื. ื“ื—ื•ืคื” ืžืžืฉืจื“ ืžื˜ื” ื”ืคืœื•ื’ื” : ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืชืง ื”ื–ื“ืจื– ! ืด ืดืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืคืงื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื• ื•ืžื”ืจ ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื•. ืžืขื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืจึพื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืชืจื›ื•, ืœืื•ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื”ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืฆื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืคืชืœืชื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื•ืขื“ื™ื. ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื”ืž.ืž.ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ืฆื‘ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืž.ืค. ื—ืชื•ื: ืก.ืž.ืคืด. ืœื”ื ื‘ื“ื• ืื• ื‘ืชืœืช ื•ืชื•ืš ืžื”ืœื›ื ื™ืฉื™ืงื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื”ื. ื”ื•ื›ืจื– ืžืฆื‘ึพื”ื›ืŸ ืœืืœืชืจ. ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื™ืดื ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืกืชืœืกืœื• ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ืงื•ืžืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื›ื ื‘ืกืš ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ. ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช, ืฆื•ืจืžืช. ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชื— ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื– ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ! ื•ื”ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืชื” ื—ื–ืจ ืžื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”. ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื• ื”ืž.ืค. ื™ืจื“ื• ื˜ื•ืจืื™ื ืœืกื•ืฃ ื“ืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืกืชื•ืžื” ื–ื• ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืืชื•. ืืžืฉ ื˜ืจื— ืœื™ืœืš ืืฆืœ ืžืคืงื“ื•, ืขืžืœ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื• ืžืชืœื—ืฉื™ื : ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืœื– ื ืขืชืจ ื•ืคืกืง ืœื• ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืดื—ื‘ืจื”, ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื’ื•ื ื”. ื–ื” ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื—ื ื”. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ! ื ื•, ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช.ืด ืดื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ืœื™, ืืœื ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœืืŸ ืฉืขืจื• ื‘ื ืคืฉื›ื, ืœืกื—ื•ื˜ ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ืžืžืคืงื“ ื”ืคืœื•ื’ื” ! ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื™ืื•ืžืŸ ! ื•ืื– ื”ืกืชืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื•ืข, ื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืฆื. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื›ืคืจ ืืณ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื”. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื? ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ื˜ืก ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืคื•ืช, ื‘ืžืชื— ืฉืœ 100 ืจืื•, ืฉื ื™ ื›ืคืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ื•, ืืคืฉื™ ืœืฉืขื”. ืกื•ืคื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืชื•ืš ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืขื” ืœืขืจื•ืš ืคืขื•ืœืช ืื™ื’ื•ืฃ.ืด ืดื”ื ื—. ืืชื” ื˜ื•ืขื”. ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ืืณ ืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื” ืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื’ื‘ืขื” ื•ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื›ืžื‘ืฆืจ. ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื’ืณ ,ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืœื™ื“ ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื•. ืื ืฉื™ื• ืขืžื“ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื›ื• ืœื‘ืื•ืช, ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืžืฉืง ืดืฆืคืจื™ืจื™ืืด ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืื™ ืœื›ืš ืขืจื›ื ืžื™ื“ ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื›ื ืืœ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืคืจืง.ืด ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืกืงืจ ื—ื˜ื•ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—, ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื• ืดื”ื‘ืœื™ื. ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืœ. ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ! ืกืชื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื”. ืžื•ืชื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•. ืชืžืจื•ืŸ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžื’ืดื“ ื•ืชื• ืœื. ื”ืœื– ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” โ€” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจืื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื— ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื™ืจ ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืงืจื‘ ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืฉื, ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื— ืœืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืœื”ื’ื ื•ื ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ื“: ืœื—ื“ืจื•. ืืคืคื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืชืข. ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื˜ื™ื ืดืžึพ โ€” 12.00 โ€” 08.00 ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ืืด. ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืื• ืฉืžื ื‘ืขื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืงืคืช ื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื โ€” ืžืฉืžืข: ืœืš, ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ื•ืจืื™ืš ื•ื”ื—ื“ืจ ืื“ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื—ื•ื•ืจ ืœื•, ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื‘ืจื™ ื’ื•ืคื ืชื•ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืขื“ ื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืžื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืžื ื™ื— ื›ืืŸ ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื’ืดื“, ืืœื ืฉื”ืž.ืค. ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืฉืœื• ื•ืคื™ืจื˜: ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื—ืคืฆื™ื ; ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ืกื“ื™ื ื™ื, ืžื’ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฆื”ื™ืจ ืดืขืจื•ืš ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ืชืจื’ื•ืœืช ืงืจื‘, ื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืคืจื™ืฆื” ื‘ืฆื—ื•ืจ. ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ื˜ืœ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื—ืœืฃ ืืœื” ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืœืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื•ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืืด .ื•ืžื™ื“ ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชืš ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื•ืง ื•ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื”ื’ื•ื ื”. ื•ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื™ื“, ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœ. ืืœื, ืฉื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืขืžื“ื• ืžืขืจื ื—ืคืฆื™ื• ื•ืžืงื‘ืฆื ืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ืึพืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืจืขื ื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื•ื›ื— ื›ืžื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจืช ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื•. ืขืฉืจ ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ืฉืžื˜ื• ืžื–ื›ืจื•ื ื ืžืขืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ื”ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ื ื˜ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ืง ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ ืจื‘: ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขืœ ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžื’ืจืขื•ืชื™ื•: ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืงืจื‘ ืดื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืจืคื” ืื™ื‘ืจื™ืืด. ื•ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืฉื™ื”. ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื•ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ืงื ืžืฉืžืขืช ืžื•ืคืชื™ืช ื•ืืžื•ืŸ ืœืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ. ืžืฉื•ื ืืžื™ืชื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืกืžืช ื”ืžื’ืดื“ : ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืดื–ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ืกื›ืช ื“ืืด. ื‘ื›ื™ืกื™ื• ื‘ืฉืคืข, ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื ื‘ืžืœืชื—ื”. ืœืคืชืข ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• .ื‘ืฉืฉืงื•ืข ื”ื ืš ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ืš ืฉื•ื›ื— ืืชื” ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืœื•ืื•. ืžื”, ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื—ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ืช, ืคืฉืคืฉ ื•ื“ืœื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ืš ืื™ื ื” ืžื ื™ื—ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช. ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื•, ืื—ื™ื•, ื ืขืจืชื•. ื”ืคื™ ื‘ื™ื“ืš ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืงืžืขื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”ืณ ื”ื ืขืจื”. ื”ืžืจื˜ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืคืš ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื–ื›ืจ ื›ืœ ืชื• ื•ืชื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ื”ื˜ืžื™ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืœื•. ืจืืฉื™ืชื”ื ื™ื— ืžื™ื“ื• ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืืชื” ืฉืฉื•ื›ื— ื‘ืœื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืืชื” ืœืคืชืข, ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ. ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื ืขืฅ ืžื‘ื˜ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ืฆื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืขืช ืžืชืžื•ื ื” ืคืขื•ื˜ื” ื–ื•. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ื™ื— ืืฃ ืื•ืชื”. ื•ืขื– ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืจื’ืข ืฉืงืข ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ืชื ืขืจ ืžื™ื“. ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื ื”, ืืžืฉ ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื ื’ืขื” ืขื“ ืœื‘ื• ื”ืชืจื’ ื‘ื”ืชืจื• ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืจื›ื›ื• ืืช ืœื‘ื•. ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืฉื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืžื•, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื“,ื‘ืขื™ืกืชื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืžื”, ืขื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉื›ื ื•ืข ื•ื“,ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™. ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืฆืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคื•ืกืงืช ื•ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืžืจื“ื ื™ื•ืช: ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื’ื•ืคื, ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ืดืจืื•ื‘ืŸ, ืืชื” ืจืขื‘, ื”ืื ื—ืคืฅ ืืชืจ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืคื™ื” ืฉื‘ ื™ื•ืกืงื” ื”ืž.ืž. ื‘ืœื•ื™ืช ืžื” ืื• ืฉืžื ืื™ื ืš ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืื‘, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืชื• ื”ืฉืœื•ื”, ืืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืกื’ื ื• ื•ืืกืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืดื™ื ืฉืœื•. ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืงื˜ื™ื ืœืžืขื˜ื” ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื•ืœื“ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื ืžืกืคืจ ื•ืฉืœื•ื™ื. ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืžื” ื™ืืžืจ ืคื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข. ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืชึพืืžืช ืžืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืŸ, ื•ืžื” ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื•. ื•ื›ืœื•ื ื›ืืœื• ืงื‘ืœื• ืœื ืคืขื. ื•ื’ื, ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืืช ื ืคืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืฉื—ืœืคื•. ืœื›ืŸ ืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื•ืชื• ืœื ื– ื›ืŸ. ื•ืื– ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืจืฅ ืืœ ืจื•ืชื™. ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืงื” : ื”ื ืขืจื” ืฉืœื•. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื” ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช. ืฉื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื”. ืดื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื›ื•ื ื• ! ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจืฅ ! ื”ืขืจื‘ ืื ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ืœื ืื›ื–ื‘ ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ืฆื•ืช, ืœื”ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื. ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ! ืด ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืชืžื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื—ื“ื•ื”. ื•ื›ืฉื ืชืคืกื• ืœืชื•ืš ืชื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ืงื”, ื ื‘ืขื” ื–ื• ืžืชื•ืš ื›. ื›ืขื•ืจืฃ. ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ 23 ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื”ื‘ื” ื›ื ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช, ืžืชื•ืš ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืขื–ื™ื. ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื—ื•ืชื ืคืชื—ื” ืจื•ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ื•ื‘ืขื“ื ื” ื ืขืœื” ืื•ืชื” ืื—ืจื™ื”. ื•ืจืง ืื– ื”ื ื™ื—ื” ืœืžืจืฅ ื‘ืœื•ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืฉ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื•ื“ืœื’ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื“ื” ืžืจื—ืคืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืขืงื”. ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื™ืฆืื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฅ ืคื’ืฉืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืฉื’ืจื” ืงืจื ื™ื ืžืคื–ื–ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ืขื™ื ืืœื ืฉืชื•ืš ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืชืจืจ ืฉืจื‘ ืžื™ื’ืข ื•ืžืœืื”. ื”ื—ืœื” ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื”ืœื›ืช ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื” ื”ืงืœื™ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื›ืฉืชื™ืง ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืง ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ื™ืชึพืฉื—ื™ื”. ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืฆืขื“ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื–ื”, ืฉืฉืœื•ื” ืื•ืคืคืชื•, ืขื“ ืฉืคื ืชื” ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™. ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ื ื–ื›ืจื” ืžื™ื“ (ื•ื›ืš ืžืชืืจืข ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืฆื‘) ื‘ืžืฉืจื“. ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”. ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืื•ื™ืจื•ื’ื™ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข, ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžื”ืจ ื•ืœืกื•ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื• ...ื›ืŸ. ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื• ืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืชืžื™ื”ื” ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืŸ ืืœื• ื“ื•ืงื ืขืชื”. ืื™ ืœื›ืš ื”ืขืœื™ืžื” ืขื™ื ื™ื” ืžืžืจื•ืฅ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ. ืื˜ืžื” ืื–ื ื™ื” ืžืฆืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื“ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื” ื‘ืกืงื™ืจืช ืคื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžื ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืœืฆื•ื“ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืขืžื• ืžืœื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช. ืžืื– ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืคืจื” ืขืœื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื” ื•ืœื‘ื“, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”. ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืžืจ โ€” ,ืชืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืฆืžื”. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื“,ืื•ื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืชื•ื—ื”. ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืœืจืงื™ืข, ื™ื’ืขื™ื ื•ืื“ื™ืฉื™ื. ื›ืœ ืžืขื™ื ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ื”ื™ื ...ืื™ื ื” ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืชืขืœื” ื›ื”. ืื•ืœื™ ืจืงื™ืข ืชื›ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจืงืจืง ื–ื” ื”ืื•ืคืฃ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืจื” ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืื• ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื•ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืžื•ืจืื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ื“ื” ื›ื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ืื• ืฉืžื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื”โ€ข ื‘ื’ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืื”ื‘ืชื” ืื•ืชื•. ื–ื“, ืฉื ื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ื”ื ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืขืฆืžื ื›ื–ื•ื’ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ; ืืœืžืœื ืžืœื—ืžื” ื–ื•, ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื, ื”ื™ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ืจืกื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจืง :ืดื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•ืด. ืดื”ืื— ื’ ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช !ืด ื–ื—ื” ื“ืขืชื” ืขืœื™ื”. ืœืคืชืข ืจื—ืฉ ืœื‘ื‘ื” ืื”ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื. ืžื–ื•ืžื ื” ื”ื™ืชื“, ืœืืžืฅ ืืœ ืœื‘ื” ื”ืžืคืจืคืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืžืฉืชื“ื›ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ื”, ืื ื” ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื™ืชื• ืœื‘ื ืืœ *ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื ืคืฉื” ืคื ื™ืžื”. ืืœืžืœื ืกื•ื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื—ื™ื™ื›ื, ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ, ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ืฆื“ื™ืœื” ืขืœื™ื–ื” ื•ืคืฆื—ื ื™ืช. ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉืชื’ืขืช. ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืจื•ื—ื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืจืื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืืœ ื•ืžื’ื•ื—ืš. ืจื’ืข. ื›ืžื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืืณ ื”ื•ื? ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืฆืœื”. ื ื˜ืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื ืืฆืœื”. ื›ืš ื™ืขืฉืจ, ื›ืœ ืื™ืžืช ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื ื•ื”ื’ ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ : ืดื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื™, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื• ืœืื“ื ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืฉื ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื”. ืื ื™ ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืฉื ืžื”.ืด ืžืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืžืœืื•ื” ืชื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืกืคื•ืง ืจื‘ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื•ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื”ืจื”. ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืืœื™ื” ื™ืชื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ื’ื™ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื”, ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื”. ืจืงื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ื•. ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉืจื™ื™ ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ื•. ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ! ื”ืื•ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืขื•ืจืฃ. ื”ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื“ืื’ื” ืœื™ื•ื ืžื—ืจ. ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆื ืŸ ืืช ื—ืžืชื”. ื‘ืจื, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืฉื‘ื™ืชื• ืืฉืจื”. ื•ื’ื ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ื”ื™ื“, ืชื“ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืคืขื. ื”ื ื”, ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืœื• ื ืคืœื. ืžืกืจื” ืœื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ืจืชื” โ€” ืฆืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืฉืžื• ื—ืงื•ืง ืขืœื™ื•. ืื– ืื”ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืžืื“. ื‘ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื”. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื•. ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืชืขื” ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ืกื—ื• ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื• ืขืฆืžื ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ื ืชื•ืง ืฉืœื ืœืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ืขืช ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ืžืžืดื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขืจื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืจ. ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื” ืœื ืขืจื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจ ืœื”. ืจืข ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื™ื— ืขืžื“ื•, ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืžื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ โ€” ื”ื›ืœ. ื–ื ื—ื” ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื ื˜ืฉื” ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืจืื•ื”. ื”ืชื ื›ืจื” ืœืจื•ื›ืœื™ืึพืชื’ืจื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื” ื‘ื”. ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืฉืคื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื‘ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื” ืื•ืชื•. ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื›ืš. ืžืฉืชื™ื™ืจ ืžืขื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื ืฉืžื”. ืžื™ ื™ืชืŸ ื•ื™ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืืฆืœื” ื”ืขืจื‘ ืœืฉืขื” ืงืœื”. ื”ื™ื ืชืชืคืจืงื“, ื‘ื’ืคื”, ื‘ื—ื“ืจื”. ืชืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ืดื”ื•ื ื”ืœืš ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืชืด ,ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืชืขื“ื™ืฃ ืกื•ืคืจ ื ื›ืจื™ ื•ืชื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืดื‘ืชึพืื“ืืด .ืืš ืœื ืชืงืจื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื’ื ื™ื—ื“. ื›ื•ืœื” ื“ืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืงืฉื•ื‘ื” ืชืฆืคื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ื”ืชืžื™ืจื”, ืฉืคืชื™ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ื•ืืชื• ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš. ื•ืื– ื‘ืืžืช. ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืœื. ื›ืŸ. ืืœื ืฉืขื“ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื ื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื• ืื—ืจ ื–ื• ืฉืชื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื• ...ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื“ืจื– ื•ืœืžื”ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื™. ื ืื˜2ื“, ืจื•ืชื™ ืงืœื•ืช. ื”ืขื™ืคื” ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืจืคืจืฃ ืžืขืœื”, ืืœ ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื”ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื, ืžืžืจื•ื. ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืืช ืฉืขื•ื ื” ื•ืขืžื“ื” ืœืœื›ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืขื” ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืœื” : ืดืจื•ืชื™, ื—ื›ื™ ืจื’ืขืด. ื ืขืžื“ื”. ื”ืœื– ืงืจื‘. ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืคื ื™ื• ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืคื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืžืœืื” ื—ืœื—ืœื” ื•ืžื’ื•ืจ. ืœืคืชืข ืฉืงื˜ื”. ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื” ื”ืชื•ืกืก ื•ื”ืจืขื ืŸ ืงืคื ืœืจื’ืข. ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืงื˜ื” ื•ืื“ื™ืฉื”ืณ ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืดืœื ืื™ื›ืคืชืด ืฉืžืขื” ืืช ืงื•ืœื• : ืดืจื•ืชื™. ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ื•ืื™ ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืœื•ื™ื“, ืฉืœ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื ืคืœ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”. ืืชืžื•ืœ ืขื ืฉื—ืจืด. ,ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”ืด ,ืžืืณ 637
https://thisworld.online/api/1950/637
638
20
1950-01-07
7 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1950
1950
https://thisworld.online/1950/638
https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pdfs/B-I0638-D070150.pdf
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";131?\nืฆื›ื™ ืฆื™ื˜ื˜\n\nืœืžืขืœื” ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ: ืจื’ืข ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™, ืื• ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ (...TRUNCATED)
https://thisworld.online/api/1950/638
639
20
1950-01-12
12 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1950
1950
https://thisworld.online/1950/639
https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pdfs/B-I0639-D120150.pdf
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆages/639/t-1.png
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆges/639/t-20.png
"\nืคื ื™ ืื“ื, ืžื”\nื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื•ืช?\nืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื: ืงืื•ืคืžืŸ\n\nื ืขืจื™ื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื (...TRUNCATED)
https://thisworld.online/api/1950/639
640
20
1950-01-19
19 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1950
1950
https://thisworld.online/1950/640
https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pdfs/B-I0640-D190150.pdf
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆages/640/t-1.png
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆges/640/t-20.png
"\nื”ืฆื‘ื ืžืชื›ื•ื ืŸ\nืœืดืกื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ืด\n\nืดืœื”ืงืช ืื™ืœื•ืŸืด ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืดื”ืชื—(...TRUNCATED)
https://thisworld.online/api/1950/640
641
20
1950-01-26
26 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1950
1950
https://thisworld.online/1950/641
https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pdfs/B-I0641-D260150.pdf
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆages/641/t-1.png
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆges/641/t-20.png
"^ โ€ขื™ ื“ื• ืคื™ ื– ื’ <\n\nื”ืืจื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืœ ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ*..\nื”ืฆื™ืœ(...TRUNCATED)
https://thisworld.online/api/1950/641
642
20
1950-02-02
2 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1950
1950
https://thisworld.online/1950/642
https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pdfs/B-I0642-D020250.pdf
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆages/642/t-1.png
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆges/642/t-20.png
"\nื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื ืคืจื–\n\nื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืชื ื™(...TRUNCATED)
https://thisworld.online/api/1950/642
643
20
1950-02-09
9 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1950
1950
https://thisworld.online/1950/643
https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pdfs/B-I0643-D090250.pdf
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆages/643/t-1.png
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆges/643/t-20.png
"ื”ื–ื”\nื›ืœ ื–ืคืช ืดืžื–ื•ืคืชืชืด\n\nืžืคืขืœื™ึพื‘ื ื™ืจ. ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื“ ืžื“ื™ื (...TRUNCATED)
https://thisworld.online/api/1950/643
644
20
1950-02-16
16 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1950
1950
https://thisworld.online/1950/644
https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pdfs/B-I0644-D160250.pdf
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆages/644/t-1.png
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆges/644/t-20.png
"\nืืจืฆื  1ื ืชื‘ืจื›ื”\nื‘ืขืฆื™ึพื ื–ื™ ืœ ืžื›ื‘ื™ืจ\nืื ื•, ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื™(...TRUNCATED)
https://thisworld.online/api/1950/644
645
20
1950-02-23
23 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1950
1950
https://thisworld.online/1950/645
https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pdfs/B-I0645-D230250.pdf
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆages/645/t-1.png
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆges/645/t-20.png
"ึพื“ื•ื‘ื ื–\n\nื—ื™ืคื” -ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ\n\n23 . 2 . 1950\nื•ืณ ืื“(...TRUNCATED)
https://thisworld.online/api/1950/645
646
20
1950-03-02
2 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 1950
1950
https://thisworld.online/1950/646
https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pdfs/B-I0646-D020350.pdf
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆages/646/t-1.png
https://olam.eu-central-โ€ฆges/646/t-20.png
"\nืฉื—ื•ืง ื•ื“ืžืข,\nืžืกื™ื ื•ืฆื ืข ึพ\nื—ื’ ืฉืžื— ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ!\nื”ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ(...TRUNCATED)
https://thisworld.online/api/1950/646

Dataset Card for HebrewSentiment

Dataset Summary

HebrewThisWorld is a data set consists of 2028 issues of the newspaper 'This World' edited by Uri Avnery and were published between 1950 and 1989. Released under the AGPLv3 license.

Data Annotation:

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

Language modeling

Languages

Hebrew

Dataset Structure

csv file with "," delimeter

Data Instances

Sample:

{
  "issue_num": 637,
  "page_count": 16,
  "date": "1950-01-01",
  "date_he": "1 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1950",
  "year": "1950",
  "href": "https://thisworld.online/1950/637",
  "pdf": "https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pdfs/B-I0637-D010150.pdf",
  "coverpage": "https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pages/637/t-1.png",
  "backpage": "https://olam.eu-central-1.linodeobjects.com/pages/637/t-16.png",
  "content": "\nืœืคื™ื“\nื”ื ื•ืขืจ ึพ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื :\n\nื‘. ืจื•ืชื ื‘ืจื’\n\nื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืœืคื™ื“\n...",
  "url": "https://thisworld.online/api/1950/637"
}

Data Fields

  • issue_num: ID/Number of the issue
  • page_count: Page count of the current issue
  • date: Published date
  • date_he: Published date in Hebrew
  • year: Year of the issue
  • href: URL to the issue to scan/print etc.
  • pdf: URL to the issue to scan in pdf
  • coverpage: URL to coverpage
  • backpage: URL to backpage
  • content: text content of the issue
  • url: URL

Data Splits

train
corpus 2028

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

[More Information Needed]

Source Data

thisworld.online

Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[More Information Needed]

Who are the source language producers?

[More Information Needed]

Annotations

Annotation process

[More Information Needed]

Who are the annotators?

Researchers

Personal and Sensitive Information

[More Information Needed]

Considerations for Using the Data

Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed]

Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed]

Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed]

Additional Information

Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed]

Licensing Information

GNU AGPLv3+

This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

Citation Information

https://thisworld.online/

Contributions

Thanks to @lhoestq, @imvladikon for adding this dataset.

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