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{"datasets_id": 337, "wiki_id": "Q4690874", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 625} | 337 | Q4690874 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 625 | Afzal Ansari | Early life | Afzal Ansari Early life Afzal Ansari was born on 14 August 1953 in Yusufpur-Mohammadabad town in Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh. He got his early education from his native place. For higher studies he got enrolled in Post Graduate College, Ghazipur and completed Post Graduation from University of Gorakhpur. Afzal Ansari comes from a prominent family which has produced many luminaries. His father Subhanullah Ansari was chairman of Nagar Palika Parishad, Mohammadabad who got elected unopposed. His grandfather Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari served as the president (1926-1927) of Indian National Congress. He was one of the founders of the Jamia Millia |
{"datasets_id": 337, "wiki_id": "Q4690874", "sp": 6, "sc": 625, "ep": 10, "ec": 12} | 337 | Q4690874 | 6 | 625 | 10 | 12 | Afzal Ansari | Early life & Member of Legislative Assembly | Islamia, New Delhi who remained its Chancellor from 1928 to 1936. Brigadier Mohammad Usman, Mahavir Chakra, was his maternal grandfather. Brigadier Usman was the highest-ranking officer of the Indian Army martyred in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. Former Vice President of India Mohammad Hamid Ansari is uncle of Afzal Ansari. He is a younger brother of Sibagatullah Ansari and elder brother of Mukhtar Ansari.
Former governor of Odisha, former Member of Parliament from Bidar and career diplomat Shaukatullah Shah Ansari and former Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) Faridul Haq Ansari were forebears of Afzal Ansari. Member of Legislative Assembly Afzal Ansari |
{"datasets_id": 337, "wiki_id": "Q4690874", "sp": 10, "sc": 12, "ep": 14, "ec": 269} | 337 | Q4690874 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 269 | Afzal Ansari | Member of Legislative Assembly & Member of Parliament | started his political career with Communist Party of India. He contested Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election in 1985 for the first time and defeated his close contestant Abhay Narayan Rai from Indian National Congress with a margin of 3064 votes.From 1985 to 2002 he served five terms as Member of the Legislative Assembly from Mohammadabad (Assembly constituency). Member of Parliament Afzal Ansari contested General Election of Lok Sabha in 2004 on Samajwadi Party ticket and defeated his rival contestant Manoj Sinha from Bharatiya Janata Party with a margin of 2,26,777 votes.
Afzal Ansari Contested 2009 General Election on Bahujan Samaj Party |
{"datasets_id": 337, "wiki_id": "Q4690874", "sp": 14, "sc": 269, "ep": 14, "ec": 567} | 337 | Q4690874 | 14 | 269 | 14 | 567 | Afzal Ansari | Member of Parliament | Ticket from Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh But Lost to Samajwadi Party's Radhe Mohan Singh.
After some political differences he left Bahujan Samaj Party and founded a new political party, Quami Ekta Dal. He served as Secretary-General of Quami Ekta Dal before merging it with Bahujan Samaj Party. |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 122} | 338 | Q3595203 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 122 | Afzal Khan (general) | Early life & Maratha conflicts | Afzal Khan (general) Early life Afzal Khan was a leading court figure during the reign of Ali Adil Shah II of the Bijapur Sultanate. His steadfast skills and commanding ability led to his popularity and emergence in the ranks of hierarchy. According to legend he was awarded a famous sword known as the Adili, the sword was studded with diamonds. Afzal Khan was also given a popular elephant Howdah named Dhal-Gaj. He headed a personal force of 10,000 soldiers. Maratha conflicts In 1659, Afzal Khan led an army of about 10,000 elite troops and pursued Shivaji Maharaj persistently, inflicting numerous |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 10, "sc": 122, "ep": 10, "ec": 767} | 338 | Q3595203 | 10 | 122 | 10 | 767 | Afzal Khan (general) | Maratha conflicts | casualties, which forced Shivaji Maharaj's forces to take refuge in the hill forts. In a bid to force Shivaji to come out in open, he detoured to desecrate Hindu sacred places, including Pandharpur, the most important pilgrimage site in the Marathi-speaking region at the time. Such behavior was unprecedented for the Bijapuri forces, and alienated the local deshmukhs (revenue collectors). He also captured Tuljapur, where his Adilshahi forces razed the statue of the Hindu Goddess Bhavani.
Afzal Khan's initial plan was to invade Pune, Shivaji Maharaj 's original residence. Shivaji knew that he would not be able to defeat Afzal Khan |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 10, "sc": 767, "ep": 10, "ec": 1414} | 338 | Q3595203 | 10 | 767 | 10 | 1,414 | Afzal Khan (general) | Maratha conflicts | in the plains, and moved to Pratapgad Fort, which was surrounded by the dense forest valley area of Jawali. Shivaji's army excelled in this type of terrain, which made the Adilshahi army's cannons, muskets, elephants, horses and camels ineffective. At the same time, Shivaji Maharaj had limited stores inside the fort and Afzal Khan's raids had caused terror among his followers. Afzal Khan also attempted to garner support from local militarily independent landlords, who nominally acknowledged the suzerainty of the Adil Shahi. The powerful nobleman Kanhoji Jedhe, who was the most respected deshmukh of the area, supported Shivaji Maharaj. The |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 10, "sc": 1414, "ep": 10, "ec": 2049} | 338 | Q3595203 | 10 | 1,414 | 10 | 2,049 | Afzal Khan (general) | Maratha conflicts | deshmukh of Bhor, Khandoji Khopde, an enemy of Kanhoji, became a supporter of Afzal Khan.
Afzal Khan felt that the ensuing battle would cause massive casualties to both sides and eventually lead to a deadly stalemate. He, therefore, sent out emissaries to Shivaji Maharaj, to lure him down the fort and negotiate peace. Shivaji Maharaj 's council also urged him to make peace with Afzal Khan to avoid unnecessary losses. The two leaders, therefore, agreed to meet for negotiations.
In 1639, Afzal Khan had murdered Raja Kasturi Ranga after inviting him for a meeting where he could safely make a submission. Therefore, |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 10, "sc": 2049, "ep": 10, "ec": 2672} | 338 | Q3595203 | 10 | 2,049 | 10 | 2,672 | Afzal Khan (general) | Maratha conflicts | Shivaji was wary of Afzal Khan's real intentions. When Afzal Khan sent his envoy Krishnaji Bhaskar Kulkarni to Shivaji, Shivaji solemnly appealed to him as a Hindu priest to tell him if Afzal Khan was making any treacherous plans. According to the Maratha chronicles, Krishnaji hinted that Afzal Khan harbored mischief. Shivaji then sent his own envoy Pantaji Gopinath Bokil to Afzal, agreeing to a meeting; Pantaji's real mission was to find out the strength of Afzal's forces. Pantaji bribed some officials of Afzal Khan to learn that he was planning an attack on Shivaji.
Afzal Khan had originally asked Shivaji |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 10, "sc": 2672, "ep": 14, "ec": 48} | 338 | Q3595203 | 10 | 2,672 | 14 | 48 | Afzal Khan (general) | Maratha conflicts & Death | to meet him at Wai. Warned by Pantaji, Shivaji insisted that the meeting should take place closer to Pratapgad. Afzal Khan agreed, on the condition that the meeting would be arranged with two personal bodyguards on each side. His forces marched to Par, a village lying one mile south of Pratapgad. A crest below Pratapgad was chosen as the meeting place.
Shivaji set up tents with a richly decorated canopy at the place, but also placed his soldiers in ambush at various intervals on the path leading to the meeting place. Death It was agreed that the leaders would be unarmed, |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 14, "sc": 48, "ep": 14, "ec": 694} | 338 | Q3595203 | 14 | 48 | 14 | 694 | Afzal Khan (general) | Death | and each man would bring an envoy and two armed bodyguards: one would be a swordsman and another an archer. Afzal Khan's companions included Sayyid Banda (Bada Sayyid), a distinguished military man.
Shivaji, forewarned, wore armour under his clothes and a steel helmet under his turban. He carried a weapon called bagh nakh ("tiger claws"), consisting of an iron finger-grip with four razor claws, which he concealed within his clenched fist. He also carried a stiletto-like thin dagger called the bichu or bichuwa (scorpion knife). He was accompanied by his bodyguards Jiva Mahala and Sambhaji Kavji.
At the start of the meeting |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 14, "sc": 694, "ep": 14, "ec": 1325} | 338 | Q3595203 | 14 | 694 | 14 | 1,325 | Afzal Khan (general) | Death | Afzal Khan graciously embraced Shivaji as per custom. According to the Maratha chronicles, he then suddenly tightened his clasp, gripped Shivaji's neck in his left arm and struck him with a katar. Shivaji was saved by his armor, recovered and counter-attacked Afzal Khan with wagh nakh, disemboweling him. He then stabbed Khan with his bichawa, and ran out of the tent towards his men. The Persian language chronicle by Khafi Khan attributes the treachery to Shivaji instead.
Afzal Khan cried out and Sayyid Banda rushed to the scene and attacked Shivaji with his patta, cutting his turban. Shivaji's bodyguard Jiva Mahala |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 14, "sc": 1325, "ep": 14, "ec": 1993} | 338 | Q3595203 | 14 | 1,325 | 14 | 1,993 | Afzal Khan (general) | Death | intervened, chopping off Sayyid Banda' s right arm in a quick combat before killing him. This event is remembered in a Marathi language idiom Hōtā Jivā Mhaṇun Vāchlā Shivā ("Because of Jiva, Shiva lived").
Meanwhile, Afzal Khan's bearers placed their wounded leader in his palki (litter vehicle), but they were attacked by Sambhaji Kavji. Sambhaji eventually killed Afzal Khan by decapitating him.
Shivaji then reached the Pratapgad Fort, and signaled his waiting forces hiding in surrounding forest, to launch a surprise attack. Afzal Khan's army was routed in subsequent Battle of Pratapgad, though his son managed to escape. Later, the severed head |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 14, "sc": 1993, "ep": 18, "ec": 367} | 338 | Q3595203 | 14 | 1,993 | 18 | 367 | Afzal Khan (general) | Death & Personality | of Afzal Khan was sent to Rajgad as exhibit to Jijabai, Shivaji's mother.
The story of the encounter between Afzal Khan and Shivaji is the subject of several films, plays, school textbooks and village ballads in Maharashtra. Personality Afzal Khan was a powerful man of Afghan descent and was an experienced warrior. He was much taller and stronger than Shivaji.
Afzal Khan was known for his physical strength. During his campaign against Shivaji, one of his cannons fell into a narrow ditch near Wai. Eight of his soldiers could not get it out (lack of manoeuvrable space was one of the causes). |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 18, "sc": 367, "ep": 22, "ec": 351} | 338 | Q3595203 | 18 | 367 | 22 | 351 | Afzal Khan (general) | Personality & Aftermath | It is said that Afzal Khan got the cannon out single-handed. Another instance of Afzal Khan's strength is when he held Shivaji's head in his grip while trying to stab him. Shivaji almost lost consciousness because of the power of the grip. Aftermath Afzal Khan's death resulted in the Battle of Pratapgarh, in which the Marathas defeated the rest of his army. Shivaji had Afzal Khan buried with full military honors, as befitting his stature and reputation at the foot of the Pratapgad fort. An annual urs is held at Afzal Khan's mausoleum.
Afzal Khan was succeeded by the inexperienced Rustam |
{"datasets_id": 338, "wiki_id": "Q3595203", "sp": 22, "sc": 351, "ep": 22, "ec": 814} | 338 | Q3595203 | 22 | 351 | 22 | 814 | Afzal Khan (general) | Aftermath | Zaman and Siddi Masud. The Bijapuri forces had been completely weakened, and eventually sought the assistance of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The Adilshahi dynasty of Bijapur did not last long after the killing of Afzal Khan and was eventually annexed during the Siege of Bijapur in 1686.
His servicemen included: Fazal Khan (his son), Musa Khan, Manoji Jagdale, Sardar Pandhare, Ambar Khan, the Abyssinian Rustami-Zaman II and Krishna bhaskar Kulkarni. |
{"datasets_id": 339, "wiki_id": "Q4691328", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 4} | 339 | Q4691328 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 4 | Agaria (Muslim) | Origin & Present circumstances | Agaria (Muslim) Origin The Agaria (Aagariya) derive their name from the city of Agra in North India. According to their traditions, they were substantial landowners and came to the attention of the local Muslim governor, who demanded women from the community. The Agaria refused and were imprisoned by the governor. But Firsad, a grandson of the famous Sufi saint Moinuddin Chishti, helped the community escape, and as a gratitude converted to Islam. The community may be Muslim converts from the Hindu Agri caste. They are concentrated in the taluqas of Bhuj, Matra, Mandvi[Dhrub] [Mundra] and Rajkot. Present circumstances The |
{"datasets_id": 339, "wiki_id": "Q4691328", "sp": 10, "sc": 3, "ep": 10, "ec": 475} | 339 | Q4691328 | 10 | 3 | 10 | 475 | Agaria (Muslim) | Present circumstances | Agaria speak Kutchi, with many members of the community also speaking Gujarati. They are an endogamous community and consist of a number of clans, the main ones being the Lulatar, uthamana, Bayotmona, Gadyatar, Agiotar, Makatar, Admotor, Pilatar, Buburia, Dadoria, and Taravia. All these clans are of equal status, and intermarry. The Agaria are one of the few Gujarati Muslim communities that practice clan exogamy. They are Sunni Muslims but practice many folk beliefs. |
{"datasets_id": 340, "wiki_id": "Q3562783", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 362} | 340 | Q3562783 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 362 | Agastrophus | Mythology | Agastrophus In Greek mythology, Agastrophus (Ancient Greek: Ἀγάστροφος) is a Paionian "hero", "famed for his spear", fighting on the side of Troy in the Trojan War, killed by Diomedes. He was the son of Paeon and brother of Laophoon. Mythology Agastrophus' death comes about as the result of a lapse in judgment. Under the influence of Ate, a kind of judgmental blindness, Agastrophus made the fatal mistake of leaving his chariot too far behind him, thus being unable to escape when he was wounded by Diomedes. After killing him Diomedes strips the "gleaming corselet of valiant Agastrophus from about his |
{"datasets_id": 340, "wiki_id": "Q3562783", "sp": 8, "sc": 362, "ep": 8, "ec": 429} | 340 | Q3562783 | 8 | 362 | 8 | 429 | Agastrophus | Mythology | breast, and the shield from off his shoulder, and his heavy helm". |
{"datasets_id": 341, "wiki_id": "Q392640", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 231} | 341 | Q392640 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 231 | Agenor Muñiz | Club career & International career | Agenor Muñiz Club career Muñiz played for Montevideo Wanderers and Peñarol in the Uruguayan national league. He made over 200 appearances for Montevideo Wanderers. International career Muñiz made his international debut for Uruguay national football team in December 1933. In the course of his career he played in two South American Championship winning teams. He played his last match for La Celeste in April 1943. |
{"datasets_id": 342, "wiki_id": "Q4692111", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 565} | 342 | Q4692111 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 565 | Agents of Law | Agents of Law Agents of Law was a series published by Dark Horse Comics in 1995.
It followed the story of Law, a powerful individual of dubious motives who took over Golden City after the events of Will to Power, which was the big event of the in-house Dark Horse line of superhero comics during the summer of 1994. It was a continuation of Catalyst: Agents of Change.
Despite massive hype by the publishing company prior to its release the series ultimately failed to survive the withering market of the time and the choice by Dark Horse to scale back their line |
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{"datasets_id": 342, "wiki_id": "Q4692111", "sp": 4, "sc": 565, "ep": 4, "ec": 728} | 342 | Q4692111 | 4 | 565 | 4 | 728 | Agents of Law | of superhero comics, which had only recently been renamed.
Law was the first super villain to ever be killed by a Predator. See the last page of issue #6. |
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{"datasets_id": 343, "wiki_id": "Q59533311", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 354} | 343 | Q59533311 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 354 | Agnete Loth | Agnete Loth Agnete Loth (18 November 1921 – 2 June 1990) was an editor and translator of Old Norse-Icelandic texts. She is notable for editing late medieval romance sagas, which she published in five volumes intended "to provide a long-need provisional basis for the study" of these sagas.
In 1975 she married the Icelandic philologist and poet Jón Helgason. |
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{"datasets_id": 344, "wiki_id": "Q395931", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 678} | 344 | Q395931 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 678 | Agraphia | Agraphia Agraphia is an acquired neurological disorder causing a loss in the ability to communicate through writing, either due to some form of motor dysfunction or an inability to spell. The loss of writing ability may present with other language or neurological disorders; disorders appearing commonly with agraphia are alexia, aphasia, dysarthria, agnosia, and apraxia. The study of individuals with agraphia may provide more information about the pathways involved in writing, both language related and motoric. Agraphia cannot be directly treated, but individuals can learn techniques to help regain and rehabilitate some of their previous writing abilities. These techniques differ |
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{"datasets_id": 344, "wiki_id": "Q395931", "sp": 4, "sc": 678, "ep": 4, "ec": 1382} | 344 | Q395931 | 4 | 678 | 4 | 1,382 | Agraphia | depending on the type of agraphia.
Agraphia can be broadly divided into central and peripheral categories. Central agraphias typically involve language areas of the brain, causing difficulty spelling or with spontaneous communication, and are often accompanied by other language disorders. Peripheral agraphias usually target motor and visuospatial skills in addition to language and tend to involve motoric areas of the brain, causing difficulty in the movements associated with writing. Central agraphia may also be called aphasic agraphia as it involves areas of the brain whose major functions are connected to language and writing; peripheral agraphia may also be called nonaphasic agraphia |
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{"datasets_id": 344, "wiki_id": "Q395931", "sp": 4, "sc": 1382, "ep": 8, "ec": 305} | 344 | Q395931 | 4 | 1,382 | 8 | 305 | Agraphia | Characteristics | as it involves areas of the brain whose functions are not directly connected to language and writing (typically motor areas).
The history of agraphia dates to the mid-fourteenth century, but it was not until the second half of the nineteenth century that it sparked significant clinical interest. Research in the twentieth century focused primary on aphasiology in patients with lesions from strokes. Characteristics Agraphia or impairment in producing written language can occur in many ways and many forms because writing involves many cognitive processes (language processing, spelling, visual perception, visuospatial orientation for graphic symbols, motor planning, and motor control of handwriting).
Agraphia |
{"datasets_id": 344, "wiki_id": "Q395931", "sp": 8, "sc": 305, "ep": 12, "ec": 451} | 344 | Q395931 | 8 | 305 | 12 | 451 | Agraphia | Characteristics & Causes | has two main subgroupings: central ("aphasic") agraphia and peripheral ("nonaphasic") agraphia. Central agraphias include lexical, phonological, deep, and semantic agraphia. Peripheral agraphias include allographic, apraxic, motor execution, hemianoptic and afferent agraphia. Causes Agraphia has a multitude of causes ranging from strokes, lesions, traumatic brain injury, and dementia. Twelve regions of the brain are associated with handwriting. The four distinct functional areas are the left superior frontal area composed of the middle frontal gyrus and the superior frontal sulcus, the left superior parietal area composed of the inferior parietal lobule, the superior parietal lobule and the intraparietal sulcus and lastly the |
{"datasets_id": 344, "wiki_id": "Q395931", "sp": 12, "sc": 451, "ep": 12, "ec": 1129} | 344 | Q395931 | 12 | 451 | 12 | 1,129 | Agraphia | Causes | primary motor cortex and the somatosensory cortex. The eight other areas are considered associative areas and are the right anterior cerebellum, the left posterior nucleus of the thalamus, the left inferior frontal gyrus, the right posterior cerebellum, the right superior frontal cortex, the right inferior parietal lobule, the left fusiform gyrus and the left putamen. The specific type of agraphia resulting from brain damage will depend on which area of the brain was damaged.
Phonological agraphia is linked to damage in areas of the brain involved in phonological processing skills (sounding out words), specifically the language areas around the sylvian fissure, |
{"datasets_id": 344, "wiki_id": "Q395931", "sp": 12, "sc": 1129, "ep": 12, "ec": 1834} | 344 | Q395931 | 12 | 1,129 | 12 | 1,834 | Agraphia | Causes | such as Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and the supramarginal gyrus.
Lexical agraphia is associated with damage to the left angular gyrus and/or posterior temporal cortex. The damage is typically posterior and inferior to the perisylvian language areas.
Deep agraphia involves damage to the same areas of the brain as lexical agraphia plus some damage to the perisylvian language areas as well. More extensive left hemisphere damage can lead to global agraphia.
Gerstmann's syndrome is caused by a lesion of the dominant (usually the left) parietal lobe, usually an angular gyrus lesion.
Apraxic agraphia with ideomotor apraxia is typically caused by damage to the superior |
{"datasets_id": 344, "wiki_id": "Q395931", "sp": 12, "sc": 1834, "ep": 14, "ec": 19} | 344 | Q395931 | 12 | 1,834 | 14 | 19 | Agraphia | Causes & Alzheimer's disease | parietal lobe (where graphomotor plans are stored) or the premotor cortex (where the plans are converted into motor commands). Additionally, some individuals with cerebellar lesions (more typically associated with non-apraxic motor dysfunction) develop apraxic agraphia. Apraxic agraphia without ideomotor apraxia may be caused by damage to either of the parietal lobes, the dominant frontal lobe, or to the dominant thalamus.
Visuospatial agraphia typically has a right hemisphere pathology. Damage to the right frontal area of the brain may cause more motor defects, whereas damage to the posterior part of the right hemisphere leads predominantly to spatial defects in writing. Alzheimer's disease |
{"datasets_id": 344, "wiki_id": "Q395931", "sp": 16, "sc": 0, "ep": 16, "ec": 671} | 344 | Q395931 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 671 | Agraphia | Alzheimer's disease | Agraphia is often seen in association with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Writing disorders can be an early manifestation of AD. In individuals with AD, the first sign pertaining to writing skills is the selective syntactic simplification of their writing. Individuals will write with less description, detail and complexity, and other markers, such as grammatical errors, may emerge. Different agraphias may develop as AD progresses. In the beginning stages of AD, individuals show signs of allographic agraphia and apraxic agraphia. Allographic agraphia is represented in AD individuals by the mixing of lower and upper case letters in words; apraxic agraphia is represented |
{"datasets_id": 344, "wiki_id": "Q395931", "sp": 16, "sc": 671, "ep": 16, "ec": 1294} | 344 | Q395931 | 16 | 671 | 16 | 1,294 | Agraphia | Alzheimer's disease | in AD patients through poorly constructed or illegible letters and omission or over repetition of letter strokes. As their AD progresses, so does the severity of their agraphia; they may begin to form spatial agraphia, which is the inability to write in a straight horizontal line, and there are often unnecessary gaps between letters and words.
A connection between AD and agraphia is the role of memory in normal writing ability. Normal spellers have access to a lexical spelling system that uses a whole-word; when functioning properly, it allows for recall of the spelling of a complete word, not as individual |
{"datasets_id": 344, "wiki_id": "Q395931", "sp": 16, "sc": 1294, "ep": 16, "ec": 1878} | 344 | Q395931 | 16 | 1,294 | 16 | 1,878 | Agraphia | Alzheimer's disease | letters or sounds. This system further uses an internal memory store where the spellings of hundreds of words are kept. This is called the graphemic output lexicon and is aptly named in relation to the graphemic buffer, which is the short term memory loop for many of the functions involved in handwriting. When the spelling system cannot be used, such as with unfamiliar words, non-words or words that we do not recognize the spelling for, some people are able to use the phonological process called the sub-lexical spelling system. This system is used to sound out a word and spell |
{"datasets_id": 344, "wiki_id": "Q395931", "sp": 16, "sc": 1878, "ep": 16, "ec": 1990} | 344 | Q395931 | 16 | 1,878 | 16 | 1,990 | Agraphia | Alzheimer's disease | it. In AD individuals, memory stores that are used for everyday handwriting are lost as the disease progresses. |
{"datasets_id": 345, "wiki_id": "Q2234282", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 98} | 345 | Q2234282 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 98 | Agua Caliente Regional Park | History | Agua Caliente Regional Park History In 1984 Roy P. Drachman donated over $200,000 to Pima County towards the purchase of the property. |
{"datasets_id": 346, "wiki_id": "Q400605", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 577} | 346 | Q400605 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 577 | Ahmad Azari Qomi | Background and career | Ahmad Azari Qomi Background and career Azari was born to a family of Sh'ia clerics in Qom in 1925.
Azari started his studies at Qom in 1941 under Ayatollahs Borujerdi, Mohaqqeq-Damad and Tabatabei. Upon finishing his clerical studies, he emigrated to Tabriz in northwest Iran to work as a religious teacher in a boarding school.
Azari was a founding member of the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom, and a Combatant Clergy Association member. Between 1965 and 1979 he was imprisoned several times. He was judge in the Special Clerical Court after the 1979 revolution. He was a member of the Assembly |
{"datasets_id": 346, "wiki_id": "Q400605", "sp": 6, "sc": 577, "ep": 6, "ec": 1255} | 346 | Q400605 | 6 | 577 | 6 | 1,255 | Ahmad Azari Qomi | Background and career | of Experts that originally elected Khamenei as Khomeini’s successor. He also founded the Resalat Foundation, a religious organisation which owns the Resalat newspaper. Azari-Qomi was originally a staunch conservative. Allegedly, in the midst of the struggle over the Land Reform which the leftist parliament envisioned in the early 1980s, Azari-Qomi asked for Khomeini's permission to found a conservative newspaper, but Khomeini declined. Azari-Qomi tried again a year later. This time, Khomeini did not react to the request, which Azari-Qomi interpreted as a permission. This was the birth of Resalat Newspaper, together with Keyhan one of the most conservative newspapers in |
{"datasets_id": 346, "wiki_id": "Q400605", "sp": 6, "sc": 1255, "ep": 10, "ec": 649} | 346 | Q400605 | 6 | 1,255 | 10 | 649 | Ahmad Azari Qomi | Background and career & Events leading to death | Iran. Events leading to death Grand Ayatollah Ahmad Azari-Qomi was arrested in November 1997 after having published an open letter outside of Iran (inter alia in the London-based independent weekly newspaper Nimrooz) in which he criticized Supreme Leader Khamenei. In the 34-page open letter, Azari-Qomi blamed Khamenei for having initiated the creation of the Ansar-e Hezbollah that was responsible for threatening a number of liberal academics and writers. He accused Khamenei for having set the stage for widespread "moral corruption" among regime officials and clergymen which has "withered the roots of decency." Azari-Qomi also criticized the Islamic Republic for torturing |
{"datasets_id": 346, "wiki_id": "Q400605", "sp": 10, "sc": 649, "ep": 10, "ec": 1378} | 346 | Q400605 | 10 | 649 | 10 | 1,378 | Ahmad Azari Qomi | Events leading to death | the sons of Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Shirazi. "Even if he rejects the velayat-e faqih, why torture his children? Security organizations should learn from the shameful fate of the SAVAK," Azari-Qomi wrote. Azari-Qomi also appealed to president Khatami to abolish the Special Clerical Court which had arrested and tortured many followers of Grand Ayatollah Shirazi.
In his letter Azari-Qomi proposed that the velayat-e faqih should be split into two different realms of theological authority and political authority. Ayatollah Montazeri should handle religious affairs, while Khamenei could exercise political authority.
Finally, grand ayatollah Azari-Qomi reminded the new president Khatami that with more than 23 |
{"datasets_id": 346, "wiki_id": "Q400605", "sp": 10, "sc": 1378, "ep": 10, "ec": 1933} | 346 | Q400605 | 10 | 1,378 | 10 | 1,933 | Ahmad Azari Qomi | Events leading to death | million people who voted for him, he had the constitutional possibility to call for a referendum on the extent of the powers and the role of the Supreme Leader. "With their vote in your favour, our brave people have brought the whole of the present leadership under question and I’m proud of it. But, dear Mr President, be careful of not becoming the last of the presidents of the Islamic Republic, for this is what may well be your fate if you do not act now to stop at once present injustices committed under the name of Islam".
In response, on |
{"datasets_id": 346, "wiki_id": "Q400605", "sp": 10, "sc": 1933, "ep": 10, "ec": 2613} | 346 | Q400605 | 10 | 1,933 | 10 | 2,613 | Ahmad Azari Qomi | Events leading to death | November 10, 1997, Azeri-Qomi was forcibly expelled from clerical institutes in Qom and his and Ayatollah Montazeri's offices were ransacked.
On November 26, 1997, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, announced in a televised speech that Grand Ayatollahs Montazeri and Azari-Qomi had "committed treason against the people, the revolution and the country," and commanded the Judiciary Branch to ensure they were "punished according to the law."
Iran News reported on February 5, 1998, that Jomhuri-ye Islami printed an article on a recent meeting in Mashhad between some members of the Assembly of Experts who asked for the expulsion |
{"datasets_id": 346, "wiki_id": "Q400605", "sp": 10, "sc": 2613, "ep": 10, "ec": 2881} | 346 | Q400605 | 10 | 2,613 | 10 | 2,881 | Ahmad Azari Qomi | Events leading to death | of Azari-Qomi from the Assembly. Ultimately, Azari-Qomi was not expelled from the Assembly of Experts, but his renewed candidacy in 1998 was rejected by the Guardian Council.
He was hospitalized on 1 February 1999 and died shortly thereafter at the age of 74. |
{"datasets_id": 347, "wiki_id": "Q2600787", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 537} | 347 | Q2600787 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 537 | Ahmad Sharbini | Club career | Ahmad Sharbini Club career Ahmad Sharbini began his professional career with HNK Rijeka in the Croatian Prva HNL in January 2003, when he signed his first professional contract. In the first four seasons with the club, he scored 39 league goals and 9 cup goals. With 21 goals to his account, he was the club's leading goalscorer in the 2006–07 season. He was also the league's second top goalscorer behind Eduardo da Silva. In late 2007 and early 2008, he had stints with Al-Wahda FC (Abu Dhabi) and FC Luzern. In mid-2008, Sharbini returned to Rijeka, and in the |
{"datasets_id": 347, "wiki_id": "Q2600787", "sp": 6, "sc": 537, "ep": 6, "ec": 1136} | 347 | Q2600787 | 6 | 537 | 6 | 1,136 | Ahmad Sharbini | Club career | 2008–09 season, with 17 goals in all competitions, he was the club's joint top goalscorer with his brother Anas Sharbini.
After the first league match in the new season, on 13 August 2009, he signed for Hajduk Split with his brother Anas. During his three years with Hajduk, Ahmad scored only 5 goals and most of the time struggled to make the starting line-up. Following his departure from Hajduk, he had three short stints in late 2012 and 2013, with NK Istra 1961, Al-Wehda Club (Mecca) and NK Jedinstvo Bihać, respectively. Following an 18-month break, since August 2015, Ahmad has been |
{"datasets_id": 347, "wiki_id": "Q2600787", "sp": 6, "sc": 1136, "ep": 14, "ec": 183} | 347 | Q2600787 | 6 | 1,136 | 14 | 183 | Ahmad Sharbini | Club career & International career & Personal life | playing for NK Rječina in Croatia's fifth tier. Since mid-2014, he has also been serving as the club's chairman. In 2016 he joined NK Grobničan for one season period. International career Sharbini played in the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Trinidad and Tobago. He also played for Croatia national under-21 football team. He was capped last on 15 August 2006, against Italy national under-21 football team. Personal life Ahmad is the older brother of HNK Rijeka winger Anas Sharbini. The two brothers are born of Albanian, Croatian and Palestinian roots and raised in Rijeka, Croatia, to a local Croatian |
{"datasets_id": 347, "wiki_id": "Q2600787", "sp": 14, "sc": 183, "ep": 18, "ec": 549} | 347 | Q2600787 | 14 | 183 | 18 | 549 | Ahmad Sharbini | Personal life & Achievements | mother and Palestinian father, Jamal Al-Sharbini, Palestinian born in Damascus, Syria. Achievements Ahmad Sharbini is HNK Rijeka's leading goalscorer in the Croatian First Football League and the Croatian Football Cup with 54 and 14 goals to his account, respectively.
Brothers Ahmad and Anas Sharbini are the only siblings to have scored a hat-trick each in a single match in top-tier European football leagues. In the first round fixture of the 2009–10 Croatian First Football League season against NK Lokomotiva, the brothers took turns. Ahmad opened the scoring after four minutes, Anas doubled the lead in the 27th minute and Ahmad made |
{"datasets_id": 347, "wiki_id": "Q2600787", "sp": 18, "sc": 549, "ep": 18, "ec": 735} | 347 | Q2600787 | 18 | 549 | 18 | 735 | Ahmad Sharbini | Achievements | it 3–0 in the 35th minute. In the second half Anas converted a penalty in 51st minute, Ahmad completed his hat-trick in the 68th minute and two minutes later Anas scored his third goal. |
{"datasets_id": 348, "wiki_id": "Q4695976", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 625} | 348 | Q4695976 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 625 | Ahmed Ragab (satirist) | Ahmed Ragab (satirist) Ahmad Ragab (1928–12 September 2014) was an Egyptian satirist whose writings appeared in the newspaper Al-Akhbar. Ragab was known by writing "Nos Kelma" ("Half a Word"), usually a few lines of satire. He is sometimes considered a national institution.
In 1974, Ragab began working with cartoonist Mustafa Hussein to provide ideas and captions for the newspaper's cartoon on its last page, but they had a falling out in 2001.
The Anti-Defamation League criticized Ragab for a 2001 Al-Akhbar column called "Thanks to Hitler", in which he thanked the Nazi leader for the persecution of Jews and wrote "revenge on |
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{"datasets_id": 348, "wiki_id": "Q4695976", "sp": 4, "sc": 625, "ep": 4, "ec": 647} | 348 | Q4695976 | 4 | 625 | 4 | 647 | Ahmed Ragab (satirist) | them was not enough." |
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{"datasets_id": 349, "wiki_id": "Q65047065", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 148} | 349 | Q65047065 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 148 | Aiginetes | Aiginetes Aiginetes was a town of ancient Paphlagonia, inhabited during Roman and Byzantine eras.
Its site is located near Hacıveli in Asiatic Turkey. |
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{"datasets_id": 350, "wiki_id": "Q20564304", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 415} | 350 | Q20564304 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 415 | Ailing Dojčin | Origins | Ailing Dojčin Ailing Dojčin (Serbian: Болани Дојчин or Bolani Dojčin, Bulgarian and Macedonian: Болен Дојчин, Bolen Dojčin) is a hero of South Slavic epic poetry, atypical for being depicted as an ill person. Origins It is unclear whether Ailing Dojčin is based on a historical person. Possible candidates are despots John VII Palaiologos and Andronikos Palaiologos, who governed Salonica from 1402 to 1408 and from 1408 to 1423, respectively. They defended the city from the Ottomans, and they were both known for poor health.
The epic poetry about Ailing Dojčin could have been influenced by the tales of miracles of Saint |
{"datasets_id": 350, "wiki_id": "Q20564304", "sp": 8, "sc": 415, "ep": 8, "ec": 946} | 350 | Q20564304 | 8 | 415 | 8 | 946 | Ailing Dojčin | Origins | Demetrius, the patron saint of Salonica. He is said to have saved the city when it was besieged by Slavs and Avars at the end of the 6th century. The saint appeared on the city's walls as a soldier armed with a spear. To enable Dojčin to rise from his bed, his sister firmly wrapped his legs and torso with a bandage, because his bones became disconnected. This reminds of the bones of a saint placed in a reliquary. Ailing Dojčin is also interpreted as "the embodiment of an oppressed and humiliated nation's desire for revenge". |
{"datasets_id": 351, "wiki_id": "Q4697860", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 601} | 351 | Q4697860 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 601 | Air Equator | History | Air Equator History The airline was established in 2003 and received its air operator's certificate on 10 October 2004 from the Maldives Civil Aviation Department. It started operations on 15 October 2004 with flights from Gan to the capital Malé. It is owned by A Faiz/A Murthy (60%) and Ziaf Enterprises Maldives (40%). Subsequently, majority shares were purchased by SPA Aviation of Sri Lanka. The Airline operations were affected during the Asian tsunami in December 2004 and flew some relief material to affected islands. The Airline was chartered by the media and press accompanying the Turkish Prime Minister when |
{"datasets_id": 351, "wiki_id": "Q4697860", "sp": 6, "sc": 601, "ep": 10, "ec": 72} | 351 | Q4697860 | 6 | 601 | 10 | 72 | Air Equator | History & Fleet | he visited the Maldives for surveying the damage done by the tsunami. The airline discontinued all flights in May 2005 and finally ceased operations in August 2005 after disagreement between SPA Aviation and A. Faiz on financial and administrative control. Capt. Anup Murthy was the GM/CEO of the company and the Maldives CAD approved Accountable Manager for the company from inception. SPA Aviation had plans for reviving the Airline but could not do so as their source of funding did not materialize, till press time early 2006. Fleet The Air Equator fleet consisted of 1 Fairchild F-27 aircraft (at January |
{"datasets_id": 351, "wiki_id": "Q4697860", "sp": 10, "sc": 72, "ep": 10, "ec": 176} | 351 | Q4697860 | 10 | 72 | 10 | 176 | Air Equator | Fleet | 2005). The aircraft still rests in the airline's livery on a grassy area near Gan International Airport |
{"datasets_id": 352, "wiki_id": "Q56764495", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 551} | 352 | Q56764495 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 551 | Air Niugini Flight 73 | Aircraft and crew | Air Niugini Flight 73 Aircraft and crew The accident aircraft was a Boeing 737-8BK, registration P2-PXE, msn 33024, Boeing line number 1688. It had first flown on 1 April 2005. At the time of the accident the aircraft had accumulated 37,160 hours and 36 minutes flight time in 14,788 cycles.
The aircraft was originally registered VT-AXC for Air India Express and was delivered on 19 April 2005. On 6 July 2005, it was damaged in a runway excursion on landing at Cochin International Airport, India. On 29 July 2010, the aircraft was sold to Jet Airways and was registered VT-JBT. It |
{"datasets_id": 352, "wiki_id": "Q56764495", "sp": 6, "sc": 551, "ep": 6, "ec": 1157} | 352 | Q56764495 | 6 | 551 | 6 | 1,157 | Air Niugini Flight 73 | Aircraft and crew | was sold to CIT Leasing Corporation on 24 July 2013 and registered M-ABGK before being sold to Loftleider, which leased the aircraft to Air Niugini on 13 September 2013. The aircraft was registered P2-PXE. On 12 May 2018, it was struck by Lockheed L-100 Hercules N403LC of Lynden Air Cargo whilst parked at Port Moresby Airport, sustaining damage to its right winglet.
The captain and pilot in command was a 52-year-old Papua New Guinean male who had 19,780 flight hours, including 2,276 hours on the Boeing 737. The first officer was a 35-year-old Australian male who had 4,618 flight hours, with |
{"datasets_id": 352, "wiki_id": "Q56764495", "sp": 6, "sc": 1157, "ep": 10, "ec": 345} | 352 | Q56764495 | 6 | 1,157 | 10 | 345 | Air Niugini Flight 73 | Aircraft and crew & Accident | 368 of them on the Boeing 737. An engineer from Loftleider was also on board and was sitting in the cockpit jumpseat. He was filming the landing for recreation purposes using his cell phone. The phone survived the accident and the video was used for the subsequent investigation. Accident The aircraft was operating an internationally scheduled passenger flight from Pohnpei Airport, FSM to Port Moresby Airport, Papua New Guinea via Chuuk International Airport, FSM. At 10:10 local time (00:10 UTC), the aircraft landed in the Chuuk lagoon 135 metres (443 ft; 148 yd) short of Chuuk International Airport. Initial reports stated that |
{"datasets_id": 352, "wiki_id": "Q56764495", "sp": 10, "sc": 345, "ep": 10, "ec": 966} | 352 | Q56764495 | 10 | 345 | 10 | 966 | Air Niugini Flight 73 | Accident | all twelve crew and 35 passengers were rescued by local boats and United States Navy personnel. However, the body of one male passenger was later found by rescue divers searching the accident site. Air Niugini stated that the deceased passenger had been seen by other passengers, evacuating the aircraft. Nine people were taken to hospital. The preliminary report into the accident states that the body of the deceased passenger was recovered from the aircraft. Six people were seriously injured. Some of the injured sustained broken bones. It was reported that there were thunderstorms in the vicinity of the airport at |
{"datasets_id": 352, "wiki_id": "Q56764495", "sp": 10, "sc": 966, "ep": 14, "ec": 617} | 352 | Q56764495 | 10 | 966 | 14 | 617 | Air Niugini Flight 73 | Accident & Investigation | the time of the accident. The aircraft subsequently sank in 30 metres (100 ft) of water. Investigation The Papua New Guinea Accident Investigation Commission has opened an investigation into the accident.
The Department of Transportation, Communications & Infrastructure in the Federated States of Micronesia opened an investigation. A preliminary report was issued on October 26.
On July 18, 2019, the Papua New Guinea Accident Investigation Commission issued its final report: the flight crew did not comply with Air Niugini Standard Operating Procedures, nor the approach or pre-landing checklists, and did not adequately brief the approach. The flight path became unstable after autopilot disconnect. |
{"datasets_id": 352, "wiki_id": "Q56764495", "sp": 14, "sc": 617, "ep": 14, "ec": 1287} | 352 | Q56764495 | 14 | 617 | 14 | 1,287 | Air Niugini Flight 73 | Investigation | The Precision Approach Path Indicator was showing three white lights just before entering Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). The rate of descent significantly exceeded 1,000 feet/min in IMC. The glideslope deviated from half dot low to two dots high within nine seconds after passing the Minimum Descent Altitude. The flight crew heard, but disregarded, thirteen Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) aural alerts (Glideslope and Sink Rate) and flew a 4.5° average glideslope. EGPWS showed a visual PULL UP warning on the Primary Flight Display. The pilots lost situational awareness. The approach was unstabilised, but the captain did not execute a |
{"datasets_id": 352, "wiki_id": "Q56764495", "sp": 14, "sc": 1287, "ep": 14, "ec": 1507} | 352 | Q56764495 | 14 | 1,287 | 14 | 1,507 | Air Niugini Flight 73 | Investigation | missed approach. The copilot was ineffective and oblivious to the rapidly unfolding unsafe situation. A continuous WHOOP WHOOP PULL UP aural warning could have been effective in alerting the crew of the imminent danger. |
{"datasets_id": 353, "wiki_id": "Q17633635", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 570} | 353 | Q17633635 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 570 | Airai (Ionia) | Airai (Ionia) Airai (Ancient Greek: Αἰραί) was a town of ancient Ionia, near Erythrae mentioned by Thucydides. It was a polis (city-state), and a member of the Delian League since it appears in tribute records of Athens between the years 454/3 and 427/6 BCE. In the year 411 BCE, during the Peloponnesian War, the Chians caused the cities of Lebedus and Airai, until then allies of Athens, to revolt against it. Then the Athenian Diomedon commanded the ten ships and attacked Airai, but was unable to take it. In Strabo's time it was a small town that belonged to Teos. Airai's silver |
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{"datasets_id": 353, "wiki_id": "Q17633635", "sp": 4, "sc": 570, "ep": 4, "ec": 737} | 353 | Q17633635 | 4 | 570 | 4 | 737 | Airai (Ionia) | and bronze coins dating from the 4th century BCE bearing the inscription «ΑΙΡΑΙΩΝ» survive.
Its site is located near the modern Aşağı Demirci, Asiatic Turkey. |
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{"datasets_id": 354, "wiki_id": "Q4698436", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 653} | 354 | Q4698436 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 653 | Airborne Avenger | Design and development | Airborne Avenger Design and development With three-axis controls, the Avenger was intended to appeal to conventional light aircraft pilots and was designed to comply with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, including the category's maximum empty weight of 254 lb (115 kg). The Avenger's standard empty weight is 252 lb (114 kg). It has a strut-braced high-wing, single-seat, open cockpit, single pusher engine configuration, and is equipped with tricycle landing gear using nosewheel steering.
The aircraft is made from bolted-together aluminium tubing, with the wings and tail covered in Dacron sailcloth. The fuselage consists of a single aluminium keel tube that runs from the |
{"datasets_id": 354, "wiki_id": "Q4698436", "sp": 6, "sc": 653, "ep": 6, "ec": 1230} | 354 | Q4698436 | 6 | 653 | 6 | 1,230 | Airborne Avenger | Design and development | tail surfaces to the nose wheel. The cockpit is an open seat bolted to the main keel tube. Its 31 ft (9.4 m) span wing has an 80% double surface and features half-span ailerons. The wing is supported by dual parallel lift struts with jury struts. The tricycle landing gear has pneumatic shock suspension and the nosewheel is steerable. There is also a small tail caster as the aircraft sits on its tail with no occupant in the pilot's seat. The landing gear has notably high ground clearance for rough field operations and the engine, mounted on the wing trailing edge, drives |
{"datasets_id": 354, "wiki_id": "Q4698436", "sp": 6, "sc": 1230, "ep": 6, "ec": 1624} | 354 | Q4698436 | 6 | 1,230 | 6 | 1,624 | Airborne Avenger | Design and development | a propeller that is protected by the low-mounted tailboom. The standard engine supplied was the Cuyuna 430 of 30 hp (22 kW).
Available as either a kit for home construction or as a complete aircraft, the Avenger was introduced in the early 1980s when the market was becoming saturated with ultralight designs; as a result, the company quickly went out of business and production ended. |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 593} | 355 | Q497256 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 593 | Airplane! | Plot | Airplane! Plot Ex-fighter pilot Ted Striker is a traumatized war veteran turned taxi driver. Because of his pathological fear of flying and "drinking problem" (being unable to take a drink without splashing it on his face), he has been unable to hold a responsible job. His wartime girlfriend, Elaine Dickinson, now a flight attendant, leaves him before boarding her assigned flight from Los Angeles to Chicago. Ted abandons his taxi and buys a ticket on the same flight to try to win her back. However, she still continues to reject him during the flight.
After the in-flight meal is served, several |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 6, "sc": 593, "ep": 6, "ec": 1209} | 355 | Q497256 | 6 | 593 | 6 | 1,209 | Airplane! | Plot | of the passengers and the flight crew fall ill, including Captain Oveur. Passenger Dr. Rumack discovers one of the offered courses caused food poisoning. With the flight crew incapacitated, Elaine contacts the Chicago control tower for help, and is instructed by tower supervisor Steve McCroskey to activate the plane's autopilot, a large inflatable pilot doll named "Otto", which will get them to Chicago, but will not be able to land the plane. Elaine and Dr. Rumack convince Ted to take the controls. When Steve learns that Ted is piloting, he contacts Ted's former commanding officer, Rex Kramer, now serving as |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 6, "sc": 1209, "ep": 6, "ec": 1844} | 355 | Q497256 | 6 | 1,209 | 6 | 1,844 | Airplane! | Plot | a commercial pilot, so that he can help talk Ted through landing the plane. Ted becomes troubled when Rex starts giving instructions, and briefly stresses out from flashbacks to the war. Both Elaine and Dr. Rumack bolster Ted's confidence and he takes the controls under Rex's guidance.
As the plane nears Chicago, the weather becomes harsh, making landing difficult. With Elaine's help as co-pilot and Rex's guidance, Ted is able to land the plane safely with the passengers suffering only minor injuries, despite the landing gear being sheared off. Rescue vehicles arrive to help unload the plane. Impressed by Ted's display |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 6, "sc": 1844, "ep": 10, "ec": 477} | 355 | Q497256 | 6 | 1,844 | 10 | 477 | Airplane! | Plot & Production | of courage, Elaine embraces and kisses him, rekindling their relationship. The two watch as "Otto" takes control of the plane, inflates a female companion, and takes off. Production Jerry Zucker, Jim Abrahams, and David Zucker (collectively known as Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker, or ZAZ), wrote Airplane! while they were performing with the Kentucky Fried Theatre, a theatre group they had founded in 1971. To obtain material for comedy routines, they routinely recorded late night television and reviewed the tapes later primarily to pull the commercials, a process Abrahams compared to "seining for fish". During one such taping process, they unintentionally |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 10, "sc": 477, "ep": 10, "ec": 1084} | 355 | Q497256 | 10 | 477 | 10 | 1,084 | Airplane! | Production | recorded the 1957 film Zero Hour!, and while scanning the commercials, found that the film was a "perfectly classically structured film" according to Jerry Zucker. Abrahams later described Zero Hour! as "the serious version of Airplane!". It was the first film script they wrote, completed around 1975, and was originally called The Late Show. The script originally stayed close to the dialog and plot of Zero Hour!, as ZAZ considered they did not have a sufficient understanding of film at the time to structure a proper script. ZAZ's script borrowed so much from Zero Hour! that they believed they needed |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 10, "sc": 1084, "ep": 10, "ec": 1695} | 355 | Q497256 | 10 | 1,084 | 10 | 1,695 | Airplane! | Production | to negotiate the rights to create the remake of the film and ensure they remain within the allowance for parody within copyright law. They were able to obtain the rights from Warner Bros. and Paramount for about $2,500 at the time. The original script contained spoofs of television commercials but people who proofread the script advised them to shorten the commercials, and, eventually, they removed them. When their script was finished they were unable to sell it.
The trio knew director John Landis, who encouraged them to write a film based on their theatre sketches. They managed to put the film, |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 10, "sc": 1695, "ep": 10, "ec": 2235} | 355 | Q497256 | 10 | 1,695 | 10 | 2,235 | Airplane! | Production | called The Kentucky Fried Movie, in production in the late 1970s, and entered a movie set for the first time. David Zucker said "It was the first time we had ever been on a movie set. We learned a lot. We learned that if you really wanted a movie to come out the way you wanted it to, you had to direct. So on the next movie, Airplane!, we insisted on directing."
Principal photography began on June 20 and wrapped on August 31, 1979, with the bulk of filming having been done in August. Jerry Zucker stood beside the camera during |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 10, "sc": 2235, "ep": 14, "ec": 293} | 355 | Q497256 | 10 | 2,235 | 14 | 293 | Airplane! | Production & Casting | shooting, while David Zucker and Jim Abrahams would be watching the video feed to see how the film would look; they would confer after each take.
During filming, Leslie Nielsen used a whoopee cushion to keep the cast off-balance. Hays said that Nielsen "played that thing like a maestro". Casting David Zucker explained that "the trick was to cast actors like Robert Stack, Leslie Nielsen, Peter Graves, and Lloyd Bridges. These were people who, up to that time, had never done comedy. We thought they were much funnier than the comedians of that time were." David Zucker felt Stack was the |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 14, "sc": 293, "ep": 14, "ec": 895} | 355 | Q497256 | 14 | 293 | 14 | 895 | Airplane! | Casting | most important actor to be cast, since he was the "linchpin" of the film's plot. Stack initially played his role in a way that was different from what the directors had in mind. They showed him a tape of impressionist John Byner impersonating Robert Stack. According to the producers, Stack was "doing an impression of John Byner doing an impression of Stack." Stack was not initially interested in the part, but ZAZ persuaded him. Bridges' children advised him to take the part. Graves rejected the script at first, considering it tasteless. On the DVD commentary, Abrahams said, "I don't understand. |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 14, "sc": 895, "ep": 14, "ec": 1510} | 355 | Q497256 | 14 | 895 | 14 | 1,510 | Airplane! | Casting | What did he think was tasteless about pedophilia?" The role of Ted Striker was written for David Letterman, who had previously auditioned the role of the news anchor in Kentucky Fried Movie. Letterman screen tested for the role in 1979, but ultimately was not selected. They cast the relatively unknown Robert Hays, who was a co-star of Angie, and Julie Hagerty to round out the cast, whom the directors advised to play it straight.
For the "red zone/white zone" send-up of curbside terminal announcements in which public address announcers "Betty" and "Vernon" argue over the red and white zones, ZAZ went |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 14, "sc": 1510, "ep": 18, "ec": 302} | 355 | Q497256 | 14 | 1,510 | 18 | 302 | Airplane! | Casting & Score | through the usual process of auditioning professional voice actors but failed to find ones who could provide the desired verisimilitude. Instead, the filmmakers ultimately sought out and hired the real-life married couple who had recorded the announcement tapes which were then being used at Los Angeles International Airport. Score In 1980, an LP soundtrack for the film was released by Regency Records and included dialog and songs from the film. It was also narrated by Shadoe Stevens, and only featured one score track, the "Love Theme from Airplane" composed by Elmer Bernstein. The soundtrack was altered for the European 'Flying |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 18, "sc": 302, "ep": 22, "ec": 288} | 355 | Q497256 | 18 | 302 | 22 | 288 | Airplane! | Score & Release | High' release, with several of the featured tracks swapped for pieces original to the LP.
On April 28, 2009 La-La Land Records announced that it would release the first official score album for Airplane!, containing Bernstein's complete score. The soundtrack was released digitally on February 19, 2013, by Paramount Music. Release Before its release, the directors had been apprehensive, owing to a mediocre response at one of the pre-screenings. But the film earned its entire budget of about $3.5 million in its first weekend of release. Overall, it earned more than $83 million in box office gross for $40 million in |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 22, "sc": 288, "ep": 26, "ec": 515} | 355 | Q497256 | 22 | 288 | 26 | 515 | Airplane! | Release & Influence | rentals, making it the fourth highest-grossing film of 1980. Influence Peter Farrelly said of the film: "I was in Rhode Island the first time I saw Airplane! Seeing it for the first time was like going to a great rock concert, like seeing Led Zeppelin or the Talking Heads. We didn't realize until later that what we'd seen was a very specific kind of comedy that we now call the Zucker-Abrahams-Zucker school." Farrelly, along with his writing partner Bennett Yellin, sent a comedy script to David Zucker, who in return gave them their first Hollywood writing job. Farrelly said, "I'll |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 26, "sc": 515, "ep": 26, "ec": 1125} | 355 | Q497256 | 26 | 515 | 26 | 1,125 | Airplane! | Influence | tell you right now, if the Zuckers didn't exist, there would be no Farrelly brothers."
Thirty years later, the documentary Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story opened with a scene from the film.
The Mythbusters tv show episode Airplane Hour reenacted the climax of the film; to see if an inexperienced pilot could land a plane with only a call from Air Traffic Control. The Mythbusters had to use a simulation to test the myth, but concluded that the scene was plausible. They did however mention that most planes today have an autopilot to land the plane safely.
In the 2012 film |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 26, "sc": 1125, "ep": 26, "ec": 1737} | 355 | Q497256 | 26 | 1,125 | 26 | 1,737 | Airplane! | Influence | Ted, the main character, John Bennett, tells the story of how he met Lori Collins. The flashback is a close recreation of the scene where Ted Striker met Elaine Dickinson in the disco.
In early 2014 Delta Air Lines began using a new on-board safety film with many 1980s references, featuring an ending with a cameo of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar reprising his role as co-pilot Roger Murdock.
In 2014 Travel Wisconsin began airing an ad with Robert Hays and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar reprising their roles from the film. Kareem makes the comment "Why did I ever leave this place?" referring to his time playing |
{"datasets_id": 355, "wiki_id": "Q497256", "sp": 26, "sc": 1737, "ep": 30, "ec": 450} | 355 | Q497256 | 26 | 1,737 | 30 | 450 | Airplane! | Influence & Sequel | for the Milwaukee Bucks. Hays also reprises his role as an airline pilot in Sharknado 2: The Second One. Sequel Airplane II: The Sequel, first released on December 10, 1982, attempted to tackle the science fiction film genre, though there was still emphasis on the general theme of disaster films. Although most of the cast reunited for the sequel, the writers and directors of Airplane! chose not to be involved. In the DVD commentary for Airplane! David Zucker, Jim Abrahams, and Jerry Zucker claim to have never seen nor to have any desire to see Airplane II. |
{"datasets_id": 356, "wiki_id": "Q20492707", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 569} | 356 | Q20492707 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 569 | Aitor Seguín | Club career | Aitor Seguín Club career Born in Eibar, Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Seguín joined Athletic Bilbao's youth setup in 2005, aged ten. He made his debut as a senior with the farm team in the 2012–13 campaign, in the fourth tier.
On 26 May 2014, after scoring 11 goals for Basconia, Seguín was promoted to the reserves in Segunda División B. He appeared in 35 matches and scored three goals over the course of the season, as the B-side returned to Segunda División after a 19-year absence, via the play-offs.
Seguín made his professional debut on 24 August 2015, starting in a 0–1 home |
{"datasets_id": 356, "wiki_id": "Q20492707", "sp": 6, "sc": 569, "ep": 6, "ec": 1149} | 356 | Q20492707 | 6 | 569 | 6 | 1,149 | Aitor Seguín | Club career | loss against Girona FC. He scored his first goal in the second tier on 6 September, netting his team's second in a 3–1 home win against RCD Mallorca. In April 2016, having been involved in the majority of the season's fixtures and scored two further goals, Seguín suffered a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee, requiring a lengthy rehabilitation. He returned to the team nine months later at the end of January 2017, but only made seven appearances as a late substitute before the end of the campaign, having undergone minor keyhole surgery on the injury |
{"datasets_id": 356, "wiki_id": "Q20492707", "sp": 6, "sc": 1149, "ep": 10, "ec": 55} | 356 | Q20492707 | 6 | 1,149 | 10 | 55 | Aitor Seguín | Club career & Personal life | in March.
Seguin featured in two of the first three games of the 2017–18 season, but reported injured in September and did not play again in the calendar year. Similar injuries were endured by Iker Undabarrena, Seguín's long-time teammate (he also joined Athletic's academy as a 10-year-old in 2005) which hampered the development of both players and damaged their hopes of moving up to the senior squad; during their lengthy absences, others performing the same roles – midfielder Mikel Vesga and left winger Iñigo Córdoba – were promoted instead. Personal life Seguín's elder brother Iker Seguín is also a footballer |
{"datasets_id": 356, "wiki_id": "Q20492707", "sp": 10, "sc": 55, "ep": 10, "ec": 241} | 356 | Q20492707 | 10 | 55 | 10 | 241 | Aitor Seguín | Personal life | and a left winger by position; he too was groomed at Athletic Bilbao before leaving to play for other clubs in the lower leagues, serving as captain of third tier SD Amorebieta in 2017. |
{"datasets_id": 357, "wiki_id": "Q412185", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 635} | 357 | Q412185 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 635 | Ajaw | Background | Ajaw Background The word is known from several Mayan languages both those in pre-Columbian use (such as in Classic Maya), as well as in their contemporary descendant languages (in which there may be observed some slight variations). "Ajaw" is the modernised orthography in the standard revision of Mayan orthography, put forward in 1994 by the Guatemalan Academia de Lenguas Mayas, and now widely adopted by Mayanist scholars. Before this standardisation, it was more commonly written as "Ahau", following the orthography of 16th-century Yucatec Maya in Spanish transcriptions (now Yukatek in the modernised style). In the Maya hieroglyphics writing |
{"datasets_id": 357, "wiki_id": "Q412185", "sp": 6, "sc": 635, "ep": 10, "ec": 330} | 357 | Q412185 | 6 | 635 | 10 | 330 | Ajaw | Background & Meaning as "lord" | system, the representation of the word ajaw could be as either a logogram, or spelled-out syllabically. In either case quite a few glyphic variants are known. Not surprisingly, a picture of the king sometimes substitutes for the more abstract day sign. Meaning as "lord" Ajaw, with a meaning variously rendered as "lord", "ruler", "king" or "leader", denoted any of the leading class of nobles in a particular polity and was not limited to a single individual. Since the ajaw performed religious activities, it also designated a member of the Maya priesthood. The variant kʼuhul ajaw ("divine lord") |
{"datasets_id": 357, "wiki_id": "Q412185", "sp": 10, "sc": 330, "ep": 14, "ec": 217} | 357 | Q412185 | 10 | 330 | 14 | 217 | Ajaw | Meaning as "lord" & Earliest evidence | indicates a sovereign leader of a polity, although the extent of the territory and influence controlled by an ajaw varied considerably, and kʼuhul ajaw could also be applied to persons who in theory recognised the overlordship of another person, dynasty or state. The title was also given to women, though generally prefixed with the sign Ix ("woman") to indicate their gender. Earliest evidence The archaeological site of Kʼo, associated with the Classic Maya city of Holmul located in modern-day Guatemala, boasts what may be the royal tomb of the earliest known Mayan ruler. This tomb has been dated to 350-300 |
{"datasets_id": 357, "wiki_id": "Q412185", "sp": 14, "sc": 217, "ep": 14, "ec": 308} | 357 | Q412185 | 14 | 217 | 14 | 308 | Ajaw | Earliest evidence | BC, and it contains the earliest evidence of the institution of ajaw in the Maya Lowlands. |
{"datasets_id": 358, "wiki_id": "Q2674014", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 582} | 358 | Q2674014 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 582 | Ajristan District | Geography | Ajristan District Geography Ajristan (or Hujiristan) was previously including most part of the Hazara homeland. Ajristan has currently an area of 2,653 km² (1,024 sq mi) and consists of a series of valleys. The hills Shah Tus Aka Ghar and Koishafil surround Ajristan and act as natural barriers. There are no natural boundaries between Ajristan and adjoining districts of Malistan to the northeast, Ghizao and Sangi Masha to the east, and Daya Chopan. The closest major city is Ghazni to the west. Ajristan lies in the lap of several mountain ranges, which are the extensions of Shah Tus Baba, so a larger part |
{"datasets_id": 358, "wiki_id": "Q2674014", "sp": 6, "sc": 582, "ep": 10, "ec": 294} | 358 | Q2674014 | 6 | 582 | 10 | 294 | Ajristan District | Geography & Demographics | consists of high mountains and hills. The ranges are irregularly placed: some extend to the west; others to the east, but the general direction is north-south. The mountain ranges enclose many small valleys. In the middle of the valley passes the Jikhai River, a major source of water, especially for agriculture. Demographics Ajristan was historically part of Uruzgan Province, when it was called Daya wa Polad. Hazara people were the original inhabitants of the district until 1880's. After their disastrous defeat in the early 1890s, they were mostly killed or driven out. The district is now dominated by the Pashtun. |
{"datasets_id": 358, "wiki_id": "Q2674014", "sp": 10, "sc": 294, "ep": 14, "ec": 429} | 358 | Q2674014 | 10 | 294 | 14 | 429 | Ajristan District | Demographics & Climate | However, some Hazara remnants are still living there as the minority. Pashto is the language spoken by majority of Ajristani residents. Other languages include Persian. Pashton peoples in this area originate mostly from the Mulla Khail Tribe. Climate Ajristan has a semi-arid climate with a significant temperature variation between summer and winter. Summer starts in late May and continues until early September with average temperatures ranging from 24–26 °C (75–78 °F). The highest recorded temperature is 42 °C (108 °F) on 10 July 1998. Autumn begins in late September and continues until mid-November with average temperatures in the 12–18 °C (55–65 °F) range. Winter starts |
{"datasets_id": 358, "wiki_id": "Q2674014", "sp": 14, "sc": 429, "ep": 14, "ec": 1081} | 358 | Q2674014 | 14 | 429 | 14 | 1,081 | Ajristan District | Climate | in late November and ends in late March, with average temperatures near 4–5 °C (39–41 °F). The lowest recorded temperature was −18.3 °C (−0.9 °F) on 8 January 1970. Spring starts in early April and ends in late May with average temperatures near 15 °C (60 °F). Unlike areas to the east, Ajristan does not have a monsoon season of heavy rainfall. Highest recorded rainfall within 24 hours is 113 millimetres (4.4 in) on 17 December 2000. Highest recorded monthly rainfall is 232.4 millimetres (9.15 in) in March 1982, and the highest recorded annual rainfall 949.8 millimetres (37.39 in) was in 1982. Snowfall occurs primarily in December, January, and |
{"datasets_id": 358, "wiki_id": "Q2674014", "sp": 14, "sc": 1081, "ep": 14, "ec": 1678} | 358 | Q2674014 | 14 | 1,081 | 14 | 1,678 | Ajristan District | Climate | February and is the principal precipitation in the winter.
During a severe drought from 1999 to 2001, Ajristan did not receive any snowfall, and rainfall was below normal levels. In 2003, the district received significant snowfall after a long drought. In 2004 and 2005, it received normal rains for the first time in three years with some snowfall, while in 2006, 2007, and 2009, the district received no snow. In 2008, Ajristan received four inches of snow in four hours on 29 January 2008. On 2 February 2008, Ajristan received ten inches of snow in 10 hours, the heaviest snowfall for |
{"datasets_id": 358, "wiki_id": "Q2674014", "sp": 14, "sc": 1678, "ep": 18, "ec": 416} | 358 | Q2674014 | 14 | 1,678 | 18 | 416 | Ajristan District | Climate & Economy | the district in the last ten years. During the winter of 2010, it received no snow and suffered below normal levels of rainfall due to El-Nino. Economy The severe droughts and winters have taken a toll on the economy, which is based mostly on agriculture and other locally grown products. A 2009 paper describes Ajristan residents "eating alfalfa, which is...detrimental to the human digestive system," a problem compounded by the lack of adequate medical care in the area. Most karezes have dried, so the district relies on a few wells and the Jikhai River for water. |
{"datasets_id": 359, "wiki_id": "Q2828893", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 103} | 359 | Q2828893 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 103 | Aka (Burmese martial arts) | Aka in Hanthawaddy Bando | Aka (Burmese martial arts) Aka in Hanthawaddy Bando The Hanthawaddy style contains nine basic forms and nine animal forms, as well as several weapon forms. |
{"datasets_id": 360, "wiki_id": "Q16044912", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 535} | 360 | Q16044912 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 535 | Akhund Mullah Mohammad Kashani | Life | Akhund Mullah Mohammad Kashani Life Akhund Mullah Mohammad Kashani, known as lunar tiles in 1833 was born in Kashan. In place of his birth date and age of his birth is not mentioned during the 84 years of his life, to guess. According to Syed Jalaluddin Homai, he, along with Jahangir Khan Qashqai as two distinguished professor in philosophy and jurisprudence, literature and jurisprudence have. He taught for fifty years and foster outstanding students in the fields of intellectual and traditional sciences. He died in 1914 in Isfahan and was buried in Takht-e Foulad. |
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