id
stringlengths 10
37
| claim_id
stringlengths 10
25
| claim_source
stringlengths 1
228
| claim
stringlengths 23
374
| claimant
stringclasses 633
values | claim_date
stringclasses 753
values | evidence_source
stringlengths 19
265
| evidence
stringlengths 30
2.17k
| evidence_date
stringlengths 10
10
| factcheck_verdict
stringclasses 119
values | is_gold
bool 2
classes | relevant
bool 2
classes | evidence_stance
stringclasses 7
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
borderlines-191_ret_bn_g1 | borderlines-191 | - | Military Demarcation Line is a territory of North Korea | Military Demarcation Line | 2024-10-09 | https://libertyinnorthkorea.org/blog/the-dmz-and-north-korea | The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is a strip of land running across the Korean Peninsula that serves as a buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea. The DMZ is a de facto border barrier and divides the Korean Peninsula approximately in half. It roughly follows latitude 38°N (the 38th parallel), the original demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea at the end of World War II. The Demilitarized Zone incorporates territory on both sides of the cease-fire line as it existed at the end of the Korean War (1950-1953), and was created by pulling back the respective forces 1.2 miles along each side of the line. [...] The Armistice Agreement for the Restoration of the South Korean State was signed on July 27th, 1953, and resulted in the creation of the DMZ as each side agreed to move their troops 1.2 miles back from the front line, establishing a 2.5-mile wide buffer zone. The Military Demarcation Line (DML) goes through the center of the DMZ and indicates where the front was when the agreement was signed. Owing to this theoretical stalemate and genuine hostility between North and South Korea, large numbers of troops are still stationed along both sides of the buffer zone. Each side holds constant guard against potential aggression from the other side, even 68 years after its establishment. The armistice agreement clearly explains the number of military personnel and what kind of weapons are allowed in the DMZ. | 2024-04-18 | North Korea | false | true | refutes |
borderlines-192_ret_b0_g5 | borderlines-192 | - | Military Demarcation Line is a territory of South Korea | Military Demarcation Line | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Demarcation_Line | The Military Demarcation Line (MDL), sometimes referred to as the Armistice Line, is the land border or demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea. On either side of the line is the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The MDL and DMZ were established by the Korean Armistice Agreement.[1] [...] In Korean, the line is called the Hyujeonseon (휴전선), meaning "armistice line."[5] It is also sometimes called the Gunsa Bungye-seon (군사분계선), which literally means "military demarcation line." However, in colloquial usage, the dividing line is more often called the Sampalseon (삼팔선, "38th parallel"), a name likely coined at the end of World War II, when it would have been an accurate description of the North-South border. [...] - ^ Pak, Hŭi-gwŏn. (2000). The Law of the Sea and Northeast Asia: a Challenge for Cooperation, , p. 108, at Google Books; excerpt, "Under the 1953 Armistice Agreement, the Military Demarcation Line was drawn across the Korean peninsula. Since no maritime demarcation line was specified in the Armistice Agreement, however, the United Nations Command drew the NLL...." | 2024-10-07 | South Korea | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-193_ret_b11_gn | borderlines-193 | - | Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia | Sakhalin/Karafuto | 2024-10-09 | https://www.studycountry.com/wiki/does-japan-still-own-karafuto | Karafuto, also known as Sakhalin, is an island located in the North Pacific Ocean, and it is currently divided between Russia and Japan. After World War II, the Soviet Union gained control of the northern part of the island, while Japan lost its territorial claims to the southern part.Is Karafuto part of Japan? Karafuto became a territory of the Empire of Japan in 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War, when the portion of Sakhalin south of 50°N was ceded from the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Portsmouth.Does Japan still claim Sakhalin? [...] Karafuto is the Japanese name for the southern part of Sakhalin Island, which is located north of. Hokkaido, Japan. Although the island is now governed by the Russian Federation, the southern part, below the 50th parallel north, belonged to the Japanese Empire from 1905 to 1945.Who controls Sakhalin Island? | 2023-01-01 | Russia | false | true | supports |
borderlines-193_ret_b7_gn | borderlines-193 | - | Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia | Sakhalin/Karafuto | 2024-10-09 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakhalin | Sakhalin (Russian: Сахали́н, IPA: [səxʌˈlʲin]; Japanese: Karafuto (樺太) or Saharin (サハリン); Chinese: 庫頁/库页 Kùyè or 薩哈林/萨哈林 Sàhālín), also known as Saghalien, is a large, long Russian island in the North Pacific, placed between 45°50' and 54°24' N. It is part of Russia territory and is its largest island, administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast. The indigenous peoples of the island are the Sakhalin Ainu, Oroks, and Nivkhs.[1] Most Ainu relocated to Hokkaidō when Japanese were gone from the island in 1949.[2] The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War resulted a Japanese victory when the Imperial Russian Navy and the Imperial Russian Army got defeated by the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1905 when the Empire Of Japan led by Emperor Meiji declared war on Tsar Nicholas II in 1904 when Trans-Siberian railway was to built more Railway Tracks in Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty and Korea . Japan took the southern part of Sakhalin and renamed it to South Sakhalin and control it from 1905-1945 . [...] Sakhalin is the subject of a whole book by Anton Chekhov (1895), reprinted in many Russian editions of his collected works. It has been translated into English. Of other old books, there is an interesting one by an Englishman, Charles H. Hawes, To the Uttermost East. (N.Y.: Scribner;s, 1904). Now, however, the island is experiencing an oil boom. | 2023-09-01 | Russia | false | true | supports |
borderlines-193_ret_bn_g7 | borderlines-193 | - | Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia | Sakhalin/Karafuto | 2024-10-09 | https://www.spf.org/islandstudies/research/a00021r.html | Against these claims, the Russian counterargument is that the 1855 Treaty fixed the border in the Chishima (Kurile) region confirming that the islands north of Uruppu were Russian territory while Karafuto (Sakhalin) remained unpartitioned between Japan and Russia and that, under the 1875 Treaty for the Exchange of Sakhalin for the Kurile Islands, Japan exchanged its title to Karafuto (Sakhalin) with the Kurile Islands; as a result, it was established that Sakhalin was Russian territory; nonetheless Japan started the Russo-Japanese War and attempted to take Sakhalin (had the southern half ceded to them under the 1905 Portsmouth Peace Treaty); and therefore Japan had no right to bring up border agreements that Japan itself had violated. | 2020-06-19 | Russia | false | true | supports |
borderlines-194_ret_b0_g0 | borderlines-194 | - | Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Japan | Sakhalin/Karafuto | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karafuto_Prefecture | Karafuto Agency, from 1943 Karafuto Prefecture,[a] commonly known as South Sakhalin, was a part of the Empire of Japan on Sakhalin. It was part of the gaichi from 1907 to 1943 and later a prefecture as part of the naichi until 1945. Karafuto became a territory of the Empire of Japan in 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War, when the portion of Sakhalin south of 50°N was ceded from the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Portsmouth. Karafuto was established in 1907 as an external territory, until being upgraded to an "Inner Land" of the Japanese metropole in 1943. Ōtomari (Korsakov) was the capital of Karafuto from 1905 to 1908 and Toyohara (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) from 1908 to 1945. [...] In 1920, Karafuto was officially designated an external territory of Japan, and its administration and development came under the aegis of the Ministry of Colonial Affairs. Following the Nikolaevsk Incident in 1920, Japan briefly seized the northern half of Sakhalin, and occupied it until the establishment of formal diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union in 1925; however, Japan continued to maintain petroleum and coal concessions in northern Sakhalin until 1944. In 1943, the status of Karafuto was upgraded to that of an "inner land", making it an integral part of the Empire of Japan. | 2024-09-30 | Japan | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-194_ret_b4_gn | borderlines-194 | - | Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Japan | Sakhalin/Karafuto | 2024-10-09 | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-13798-3_3 | Sakhalin/Karafuto Under Control of the Japanese Empire [...] After the Russo-Japanese War, South Sakhalin became a new colonial territory of Japan. Initially, the Japanese formed the "civil administration" of Karafuto, which in reality was the military administration that governed the island. However, from 1907, the newly formed Governorate of Karafuto (Karafuto-chō) took control of the island. Karafuto was a new territory and its residents, including the Japanese, had no right to vote or participate in politics. It was officially included in the Japanese Empire as a prefecture in 1943. First, the colonial government had planned to promote the development of the island through agricultural settlement. However, it faced issues when agricultural resources were exhausted. The agricultural settlement and development were not successful because it was impossible to produce rice in Karafuto. Farmers worked as seasonal forestry and fishery laborers or produced other cash crops to earn money to buy rice, a staple food for Japanese and Koreans (Nakayama, 2015, p. 23). [...] Paichadze, S. (2022). Sakhalin/Karafuto Under Control of the Japanese Empire. | 2022-09-27 | Japan | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-195_ret_b7_gn | borderlines-195 | - | Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Japan | Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands | 2024-10-09 | https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Kuril_Islands | The Kuril Islands are known in Japanese as the Chishima Islands (literally Thousand Islands Archipelago) also known as the Kuriru Islands (literally Kuril Archipelago). The name Kuril originates from the autonym of the aboriginal Ainu: "kur," meaning man. It may also be related to names for other islands that have traditionally been inhabited by the Ainu people, such as Kuyi or Kuye for Sakhalin and Kai for Hokkaidō. [...] The Kuril Islands first came under Japanese administration in the fifteenth century during the early Edo period of Japan, in the form of claims by the Matsumae clan, and play an important role in the development of the islands. It is believed that the Japanese knew of the northern islands 370 years ago, [8] as the initial explorations were of the southernmost parts of the islands. However, trade between these islands and Ezo (Hokkaidō) existed long before then. On "Shōhō Onkuko Ezu," a map of Japan made by the Tokugawa shogunate, in 1644, there are 39 large and small islands shown northeast of the Shiretoko peninsula and Cape Nosappu. In 1698 V. Atlasov discovered the island which was later named in his honor. [...] The Kuril Island dispute is a dispute between Japan and Russia over sovereignty of the four southernmost Kuril Islands. The disputed islands are currently under Russian administration as part of the Sakhalin Oblast, but are also claimed by Japan, which refers to them as the Northern Territories or Southern Chishima. The disputed islands are: | 2023-05-15 | Japan | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-195_ret_bn_g18 | borderlines-195 | - | Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Japan | Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands | 2024-10-09 | https://www.e-ir.info/2022/06/27/the-dokdo-and-kuril-islands-japans-twin-disputes/ | The Kuril Islands (Kurilskiye Ostrova, in Russian, and known as Northern Territories/Southern Chishima in Japan, or Chishima-rettō) form a natural barrier between the Sea of Okhotsk and North Pacific Ocean. Extending 1,200 kilometres between the southern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Japanese island of Hokkaido, it consists of 56 islands that cover 15,600 square kilometres. The four islands (the Southern Kurils) at the heart of the dispute are Iturup (Etorofu), Kunashir (Kunashiri), Shikotan, and Habomai. The islands are currently administered by Sakhalin Oblast as South Kuril District. Tectonically and volcanically active, the Kuril archipelago is inhabited by over 10,000 people from various ethnic groups, as well as several thousand Russian troops (Kaczynski 2007; Elleman, Nichols, and Ouimet 1999, 490). | 2022-06-27 | Japan | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-195_ret_bn_g5 | borderlines-195 | - | Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Japan | Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands | 2024-10-09 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuril_Islands | The Kuril Islands (/ˈkʊərɪl, ˈkjʊərɪl, kjʊˈriːl/; Russian: Кури́льские острова́, tr. Kurilskiye ostrova, IPA: [kʊˈrʲilʲskʲɪjə ɐstrɐˈva]; "Kuril Islands"), also called the Chishima Islands (Japanese: 千島列島, Hepburn: Chishima rettō), are a group of islands (archipelago) between Russia and Japan. The northern islands are a part of Russia and the southern islands are a part of Japan. Both countries say that they own four of the islands in the middle of the group. This disagreement is called the Kuril Islands dispute. [...] North-Chishima / North Kurils [change | change source]- Shumshu (占守島/) [...] South Chishima / South Kuril [change | change source]Little Kuril [change | change source]Japan does not say these are a part of the Chishima Islands - Shikotan （色丹島） - Habomai shoto (歯舞諸島) → 2008.3.21 - Habomai Gunto（歯舞群島） - Todo（海馬島/Kaiba） - Taraku(多楽島Polonskogo) | 2023-08-08 | Japan | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-196_ret_b0_g2 | borderlines-196 | - | Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Russia | Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuril_Islands_dispute | The Kuril Islands dispute, known as the Northern Territories dispute in Japan, is a territorial dispute between Japan and Russia over the ownership of the four southernmost Kuril Islands. The Kuril Islands are a chain of islands that stretch between the Japanese island of Hokkaido at their southern end and the Russian Kamchatka Peninsula at their northern end. The islands separate the Sea of Okhotsk from the Pacific Ocean. The four disputed islands, like other islands in the Kuril chain which are not in dispute, were unilaterally annexed by the Soviet Union following the Kuril Islands landing operation at the end of World War II. The disputed islands are under Russian administration as the South Kuril District and part of the Kuril District of the Sakhalin Oblast (Сахалинская область, Sakhalinskaya oblast). They are claimed by Japan, which refers to them as its Northern Territories or Southern Chishima, and considers them part of the Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture. [...] Russia's view [edit]Russia maintains that all the Kuril Islands, including those that Japan calls the Northern Territories, are legally a part of Russia as a result of World War II, and the acquisition was as proper as any other change of international boundaries following the war. Moscow cites the following points: [...] - ^ censor.net (7 October 2022). "Рада визнала Курили окупованою Росією територією" [The Council recognized the Kuril Islands as territory occupied by Russia]. Telegram (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 7 October 2022. | 2024-10-06 | Russia | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-196_ret_bn_g18 | borderlines-196 | - | Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Russia | Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands | 2024-10-09 | https://www.e-ir.info/2022/06/27/the-dokdo-and-kuril-islands-japans-twin-disputes/ | The Kuril Islands (Kurilskiye Ostrova, in Russian, and known as Northern Territories/Southern Chishima in Japan, or Chishima-rettō) form a natural barrier between the Sea of Okhotsk and North Pacific Ocean. Extending 1,200 kilometres between the southern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Japanese island of Hokkaido, it consists of 56 islands that cover 15,600 square kilometres. The four islands (the Southern Kurils) at the heart of the dispute are Iturup (Etorofu), Kunashir (Kunashiri), Shikotan, and Habomai. The islands are currently administered by Sakhalin Oblast as South Kuril District. Tectonically and volcanically active, the Kuril archipelago is inhabited by over 10,000 people from various ethnic groups, as well as several thousand Russian troops (Kaczynski 2007; Elleman, Nichols, and Ouimet 1999, 490). [...] Russia stresses that its sovereignty over the islands is not to be discussed, holding that its possession of the South Kurils is legal, thus, especially in view of the amendments to the Russian Constitution which bars any transfer of national territory, ‘no changes are possible in this position’ (Zakharova 2020). The Russian government also rejects the argument that the islands would be returned to Tokyo upon the completion of a peace treaty with Japan (MOFA of the Russian Federation 2020). | 2022-06-27 | Russia | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-197_ret_b2_g6 | borderlines-197 | - | Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of Japan | Dokdo/Takeshima | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute | The Liancourt Rocks dispute, also called the Takeshima dispute or Dokdo dispute is a territorial dispute between South Korea and Japan[1][2][3][4] regarding sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks, a group of small islets in the Sea of Japan. The rocks also go by the names Dokdo (Korean: 독도; Hanja: 獨島) and Takeshima (Japanese: 竹島).[5] North Korea also claims sovereignty of the islands, but has not pursued its claim to the same extent as the other parties.[6] [...] - ^ MOFA of Korea, Tokdo kwan'gye charyojip (Collection of Data on Tokdo) (I) Wangbok oegyio munso (Diplomatic Correspondence Exchanged); Chipmu charyo (Reference Material for Staff), (Seoul: MFA, 1997), pp. 234, 236, 250 via Kim, Myung-Ki, A Study of Legal Aspects of Japan's Claim to Tokdo, Korea Observer, Autumn 1997, p. 361, MOFA of Japan stated in a memorandum of July 3, 1962, "The Japanese government has made clear the position of its claim that Takeshima is Japan's inherent territory from olden times and is now reconfirming repeatedly that position." | 2011-07-28 | Japan | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-197_ret_bn_g13 | borderlines-197 | - | Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of Japan | Dokdo/Takeshima | 2024-10-09 | https://apjjf.org/2015/13/8/yong-ho-choe/4290 | Some Japanese scholars, however, dispute the conclusion of the Grand Council of State and interpret its edict differently. The Takeshima Research Center (竹島問題硏究所), an official arm of Shimane Prefecture, has been at the forefront in contending that Dokdo/Takeshima is a Japanese island. It claims that what is called "another island (外一島)" in the decision of the Grand Council of State did not refer to Matsushima (Dokdo/Takeshima). Because some Japanese people called Ulleungdo ‘Matsushima’, "another island" in the Grand Council’s decision thus refers to Ulleungdo, not Dokdo/Takeshima. The Takeshima Research Center then tries to read Grand Council’s edict: "The island (Ulleungdo) which sometimes is called Takeshima and sometimes called Matsushima is not Japan’s territory."72 In other words, "Takeshima and another island" refer to Ulleungdo by two different names, not to Takeshima and Dokdo/Takeshima. This interpretation can only be seen as a tortured reading of the text that defies common sense. Why would the Grand Council of State specifically state "another island" simply to repeat Takeshima (Ulleungdo)? | 2023-11-02 | Japan | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-198_ret_b3_g2 | borderlines-198 | - | Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of North Korea | Dokdo/Takeshima | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute | The Liancourt Rocks dispute, also called the Takeshima dispute or Dokdo dispute is a territorial dispute between South Korea and Japan[1][2][3][4] regarding sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks, a group of small islets in the Sea of Japan. The rocks also go by the names Dokdo (Korean: 독도; Hanja: 獨島) and Takeshima (Japanese: 竹島).[5] North Korea also claims sovereignty of the islands, but has not pursued its claim to the same extent as the other parties.[6] | 2011-07-28 | North Korea | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-198_ret_b5_gn | borderlines-198 | - | Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of North Korea | Dokdo/Takeshima | 2024-10-09 | https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2024/08/197_379569.html | Dokdo (also known internationally as the Liancourt Rocks and in Japan as Takeshima) is an island located in the East Sea of Korea. South Korea asserts its territorial sovereignty over Dokdo through historical, legal and administrative evidence, arguing that the island has been an integral part of Korean territory for centuries, deeply rooted in historical records and continuous administrative management. [...] As discussed above, from the Korean perspective, the historical, legal and administrative evidence strongly supports Dokdo as an inherent part of Korean territory. The consistent documentation of Dokdo in historical records, uninterrupted administrative control, acknowledgment from Japan within a historical context and actions taken after World War II collectively reinforce Korea’s position. For Koreans, Dokdo is more than just a disputed territory; it symbolizes national sovereignty and historical continuity. The island represents the resilience and perseverance of the Korean people in the face of historical challenges. | 2024-07-30 | North Korea | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-198_ret_bn_g19 | borderlines-198 | - | Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of North Korea | Dokdo/Takeshima | 2024-10-09 | https://www.spf.org/islandstudies/readings/b00007.html | Furthermore, even in the Korean media there are such statements as given in the article headlined "Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication" in the August 17, 2012, edition of the Hankyoreh newspaper, shortly after President Lee Myung-bak's visit to Takeshima. Based on precedents from International Court of Justice rulings in disputes between Thailand and Cambodia and between Malaysia and Indonesia, the article states: [...] - 2012. "Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication: Historical Entitlement May Not Be Considered Important . . . Despite 50 Years Effective Korean Control . . . Japan Has Raised Steady Objections," Hankyoreh, August 17. http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/diplomacy/547540.html (Korean only; accessed on February 27, 2015). [↩] | 2015-07-08 | North Korea | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-199_ret_bn_g15 | borderlines-199 | - | Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of South Korea | Dokdo/Takeshima | 2024-10-09 | https://www.spf.org/islandstudies/readings/b00007.html | Furthermore, even in the Korean media there are such statements as given in the article headlined "Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication" in the August 17, 2012, edition of the Hankyoreh newspaper, shortly after President Lee Myung-bak's visit to Takeshima. Based on precedents from International Court of Justice rulings in disputes between Thailand and Cambodia and between Malaysia and Indonesia, the article states: [...] In other words, even if Takeshima is included in the "Korea" section, we can confirm that the interpretation by Lee Sang-tae, chairman of the Korean Research Association of Old Maps, that "The fact that the Japanese government officially published a map which included Dokdo as part of Korea can be seen to indicate that Japan officially saw Dokdo as an inherent part of Korean territory" is completely groundless. [...] - 2012. "Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication: Historical Entitlement May Not Be Considered Important . . . Despite 50 Years Effective Korean Control . . . Japan Has Raised Steady Objections," Hankyoreh, August 17. http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/diplomacy/547540.html (Korean only; accessed on February 27, 2015). [↩] | 2015-07-08 | South Korea | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-199_ret_bn_g17 | borderlines-199 | - | Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of South Korea | Dokdo/Takeshima | 2024-10-09 | https://www.spf.org/islandstudies/research/a00012.html | In the late seventeenth century, Japanese and Korean fishermen clashed over abalone fishing grounds around the island of Ulleungdo (then called Takeshima in Japan). This prompted the Japanese and Korean governments to enter into negotiations over fishing rights on the island; in the end, the Tokugawa shogunate banned Japanese fishermen from visiting Ulleungdo. The South Korean government today points to this resolution as confirming that Takeshima/Dokdo, too, is Korean territory. But this assertion needs close examination. Complicating this issue are records--preserved both in Japan and Korea--showing that a fisherman named An Yong-bok, who was captured and brought to Japan in the clash, returned to Japan three years later and stated that Matsushima (an old Japanese name for Takeshima/Dokdo) was the Korean "Jasando." What implications An's statement has for the present-day Takeshima dispute will also be examined. [...] One other basis for the claim in the South Korean government pamphlet that "Korea's territorial sovereignty over Ulleungdo and its ancillary island, Dokdo, was confirmed through the diplomatic negotiations between the Korean and Japanese governments" is the notion that Takeshima/Dokdo forms part of Ulleungdo. If Ulleungdo belongs to Korea, the argument goes, then so must Takeshima/Dokdo. The South Korean government once insisted that Takeshima/Dokdo was recognized as Korean territory by Article 2(a) of the San Francisco Peace Treaty (1951), in which Japan "renounces all right, title and claim to Korea, including Dagelet (Ulleungdo), etc." because Takeshima/Dokdo was an dependent island of Ulleungdo.22 An examination of this ancillary island claim follows. | 2014-08-29 | South Korea | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-2_ret_b0_gn | borderlines-2 | - | Heglig is a territory of Sudan | Heglig | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heglig | Heglig, or Panthou (also spelled Heglieg or Pandthow), is a small town at the border between the South Kordofan state of Sudan and the Unity State in South Sudan. The entirety of Heglig is claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, but administered by Sudan. The area was contested during the Sudanese Civil War. In mid-April 2012, South Sudan's Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) captured the Heglig oil field from Sudan.[1] Sudan took it back at the Second Battle of Heglig ten days later.[2] [...] In July 2009, the international organization, Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) redefined the boundaries of Abyei, a county that lies between South Sudan and Sudan. The decision placed the Heglig and Bamboo oilfields out of Abyei boundary but did not specify to be belong to the Sudan province of South Kordofan, nor to Upper Nile region, South Sudan and also the decision did not specify oil sharing. The government of Sudan claimed that area is belong to its country since it was ruled to be out of Abyei boundary by PCA and announced they would not share any oil revenue with the Government of South Sudan, emphasizing that the PCA established that Heglig was part of the north. The document of the PCA only indicated that the Heglig or Panthou area is not part of Abyei. | 2024-07-29 | Sudan | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-2_ret_b6_gn | borderlines-2 | - | Heglig is a territory of Sudan | Heglig | 2024-10-09 | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Heglig | Heglig, or Panthou (also spelled Heglieg or Pandthow), is a small town at the border between the South Kordofan state of Sudan and the Unity State in South Sudan. The entirety of Heglig is claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, but administered by Sudan. The area was contested during the Sudanese Civil War. In mid-April 2012, South Sudan's Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) captured the Heglig oil field from Sudan.[1] Sudan took it back at the Second Battle of Heglig ten days later.[2] [...] Heglig is situated within the Muglad Basin, a rift basin which contains much of South Sudan's proven oil reserves. The Heglig oil field was first developed in 1996 by Arakis Energy (now part of Talisman Energy).[citation needed] Today it is operated by the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company.[4] Production at Heglig is reported to have peaked in 2006 and is now in decline.[5] The Heglig oil field is connected to Khartoum and Port Sudan via the Greater Nile Oil Pipeline. | 2012-04-10 | Sudan | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-2_ret_b8_gn | borderlines-2 | - | Heglig is a territory of Sudan | Heglig | 2024-10-09 | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17787142 | South Sudan's President Salva Kiir has ordered the withdrawal of his troops from the Heglig oil field in Sudan. [...] Mr Kiir said the South still believed that Heglig was a part of South Sudan and that its final status should be determined by international arbitration, Associated Press reported. Heglig is internationally accepted to be part of Sudanese territory - although the precise border is yet to be demarcated. | 2012-04-20 | Sudan | false | true | insufficient-supports |
borderlines-20_ret_b14_gn | borderlines-20 | - | plazas de soberanía is a territory of Spain | plazas de soberanía | 2024-10-09 | https://dbpedia.org/page/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa | The plazas de soberanía (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈplaθas ðe soβeɾaˈni.a], lit. "strongholds of sovereignty") is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492–1556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa. | 1999-02-22 | Spain | false | true | refutes |
borderlines-20_ret_b3_gn | borderlines-20 | - | plazas de soberanía is a territory of Spain | plazas de soberanía | 2024-10-09 | https://www.wikiwand.com/simple/articles/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa | Spanish territories along the northern African coast From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The plazas de soberanía (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈplaθas ðe soβeɾaˈni.a], lit. "strongholds of sovereignty")[3] is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492–1556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa. [...] - Mariñas Otero, Eugenio (1998). "Las Plazas Menores de soberanía española en África". MILITARIA. Revista de Cultura Militar. (in Spanish). No. 12. Madrid: UCM. Retrieved 25 March 2020. | 2020-03-25 | Spain | false | true | refutes |
borderlines-20_ret_bn_g3 | borderlines-20 | - | plazas de soberanía is a territory of Spain | plazas de soberanía | 2024-10-09 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa | The plazas de soberanía (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈplaθas ðe soβeɾaˈni.a], lit. "strongholds of sovereignty")[3] is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492–1556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa. Historically, a distinction was made between the so-called "major places of sovereignty", comprising the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and the "minor places of sovereignty", referring to a number of islands (and a small peninsula) along the coast. In the present, the term refers mainly to the latter. [...] - ↑ Mariñas Otero, Eugenio (1998). "Las Plazas Menores de soberanía española en África". MILITARIA. Revista de Cultura Militar. (in Spanish). No. 12. Madrid: UCM. Retrieved 25 March 2020. | 2024-04-10 | Spain | false | true | refutes |
borderlines-200_ret_b0_gn | borderlines-200 | - | Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh | Naf River | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naf_River | The Naf River (Bengali: নাফ নদী Naf Nodi IPA: [naf nod̪i]; Burmese: နတ်မြစ် [naʔ mjɪʔ]; Rakhine: နတ်မြစ် [nɛ́ mràɪʔ]) is an international river marking the border of southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.[1] [...] - June 2012 — thousands of Rohingya Muslims fleeing sectarian violence in Rakhine State sought refuge across the Naf River in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh,[7][8] though they were often escorted back by Bangladeshi troops.[9][10] On 11 July 2012, Burmese President Thein Sein suggested expelling the Rohingya people from Myanmar or having the UN relocate the 300,000 Rohingya people living in Myanmar, a policy the UN quickly rejected.[10] [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Sifatul Quader Chowdhury (2012), "Naf River", in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh - ^ "Arakan: A Field of Muslim Genocide, News From Bangladesh". bangladesh-web.com. | 2024-02-29 | Bangladesh | false | true | insufficient-supports |
borderlines-200_ret_b1_gn | borderlines-200 | - | Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh | Naf River | 2024-10-09 | https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Naf_River | Naf River is a transboundary river marking the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It is an elongated estuary in the extreme southeast of cox's bazar district dividing the district from Arakan (Myanmar). It rises in the Arakan hills on the southeastern borders of the district and falls into the bay of bengal. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km. The Naf River's average depth is 128 feet (39 m) and maximum depth is 400 feet (120 m). Akyab in Myanmar is on the left bank and Teknaf upazila of Cox's Bazar district is on the right bank of the river.The river is influenced by tidal activity. Shrimp cultivation is extensively practiced on the floodplains of the river. [Sifatul Quader Chowdhury] | 2021-06-17 | Bangladesh | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-200_ret_b2_gn | borderlines-200 | - | Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh | Naf River | 2024-10-09 | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/N%C4%81f_River | The Naf River (Bengali: নাফ নদী Naf Nodi IPA: [naf nod̪i]; Burmese: နတ်မြစ် [naʔ mjɪʔ]; Rakhine: နတ်မြစ် [nɛ́ mràɪʔ]) is an international river marking the border of southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.[1] [...] - June 2012 — thousands of Rohingya Muslims fleeing sectarian violence in Rakhine State sought refuge across the Naf River in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh,[7][8] though they were often escorted back by Bangladeshi troops.[9][10] On 11 July 2012, Burmese President Thein Sein suggested expelling the Rohingya people from Myanmar or having the UN relocate the 300,000 Rohingya people living in Myanmar, a policy the UN quickly rejected.[10] - August 2017 — The Border Guard Bangladesh station chief of the Ghumdum border post in Bangladesh accused Myanmar's military of firing on fleeing Rohingyas crossing the Naf River. An AFP reporter counted more than a dozen mortar shells and several heavy machine gun rounds fired by Burmese security forces on the fleeing Rohingyas.[11] | 2012-10-11 | Bangladesh | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-201_ret_b0_gn | borderlines-201 | - | Naf River is a territory of Myanmar | Naf River | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naf_River | The Naf River (Bengali: নাফ নদী Naf Nodi IPA: [naf nod̪i]; Burmese: နတ်မြစ် [naʔ mjɪʔ]; Rakhine: နတ်မြစ် [nɛ́ mràɪʔ]) is an international river marking the border of southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.[1] [...] - 24 March 1994 — Members of the Myanmar Army's Western Military Command patrolling the Naf River found a group of Rohingya Muslims fishing in a small country boat. The soldiers tried to extort money from the fishermen, but when they were unable to do so, tied them up with rope and brought them to Balu Khali village in Maungdaw Township.[3] Eight of the Rohingya fishermen were interrogated and tortured for five days, and then they were all shot by firing squad.[3] [...] - August 2017 — The Border Guard Bangladesh station chief of the Ghumdum border post in Bangladesh accused Myanmar's military of firing on fleeing Rohingyas crossing the Naf River. An AFP reporter counted more than a dozen mortar shells and several heavy machine gun rounds fired by Burmese security forces on the fleeing Rohingyas.[11] | 2024-02-29 | Myanmar | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-201_ret_b4_gn | borderlines-201 | - | Naf River is a territory of Myanmar | Naf River | 2024-10-09 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naf_River | Naf River is a river that starts in Myanmar and flows into the Bay of Bengal. The lower part of the river marks the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It starts in the Arakan hills. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km. The Naf River's average depth is 128 feet (39 m) and maximum depth is 400 feet (120 m). | 2021-09-06 | Myanmar | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-202_ret_b3_gn | borderlines-202 | - | Noktundo is a territory of South Korea | Noktundo | 2024-10-09 | http://everything.explained.today/Noktundo/ | Noktundo was an island in the delta of the Tumen River on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia and North Korea.[1] The area of the island was .[2] [3] Noktundo had been Korean territory since the 15th century.[3] The Jurchens took notice of this. In 1587 there was a battle fought on this island between the local Koreans and the invading Jurchens from nearby Russia. At first, the Jurchens successfully sacked the island and captured 160 Koreans as prisoners. As they crossed the river back to their camp with the prisoners, the famed Korean general Yi Sun-Shin, chased after the invaders and rescued 50 Koreans and defended the island. With his army, he later infiltrated the nearby Jurchen army camp, and captured their leader alive.[4] [...] - Web site: http://ru.apircenter.org/publications/the-problem-of-the-noktundo-island-in-the-media-in-south-korea/ . The problem of the Noktundo island in the media in South Korea . ru:Проблема острова Ноктундо в средствах массовой информации Южной Кореи . Russian . ru.apircenter.org . 2015-06-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130910052035/http://ru.apircenter.org/publications/the-problem-of-the-noktundo-island-in-the-media-in-south-korea/ . 10 September 2013. live. | 2023-11-24 | South Korea | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-202_ret_bn_g1 | borderlines-202 | - | Noktundo is a territory of South Korea | Noktundo | 2024-10-09 | https://apircenter.org/publications/the-problem-of-the-noktundo-island-in-the-media-in-south-korea | Alluding to the original ownership of the island Noktundo to Korea, South Korean Media is drawn attention to the fact that in the area of the island Noktundo has lived Korean people for a long time. Thus, in the report of 1883 to King Gojong O Yoon Jung reported about Koreans living on the island of Noktundo, which respect the customs of Korea and did not recognize the Russian traditions. In the report is noted that island of Noktundo is a territory of Korea. Korean emissaries Kim Gwang Hoon and Sin Song Ok, the same year designed in the area of the island Noktundo to assess the current situation on the Russian-Korean border reported that, on the island lived 113 Korean families a total number of which is 822 people. | 2023-12-01 | South Korea | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-203_ret_b10_gn | borderlines-203 | - | Noktundo is a territory of Russia | Noktundo | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumen_River | Noktundo [edit]Noktundo, a former island (now effectively a peninsula) at the mouth of the Tumen, has been a boundary contention between Russia and North Korea.[8] The Qing Dynasty ceded the island to Russia as part of the Primorsky Maritimes (East Tartary) in the 1860 Treaty of Peking.[8] In 1990, the former Soviet Union and North Korea signed a border treaty which made the border run through the center of the river, leaving territory of the former island on Russian side. South Korea refuses to acknowledge the treaty and demanded that Russia return the territory to Korea.[9] [...] - ^ "The problem of the Noktundo island in the media in South Korea (Проблема острова Ноктундо в средствах массовой информации Южной Кореи)" (in Russian). ru.apircenter.org. Archived from the original on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2015. | 2024-08-23 | Russia | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-203_ret_bn_g17 | borderlines-203 | - | Noktundo is a territory of Russia | Noktundo | 2024-10-09 | https://quizzclub.com/trivia/which-peninsula-is-located-in-the-delta-of-the-tumen-river-on-the-border-between-russia-and-north-korea/answer/1376197/ | Noktundo is a former island (currently a peninsula) in the delta of the Tumen River on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia and North Korea. The area of the island was 32 square kilometres (12 sq mi). In the 15th century, Noktundo belonged to the Jurchen. In 1587 there was a battle fought on this island between the local Jurchen and the invading army from Yi Sun-sin, a general of Korea. The island was under Qing control until the 1860 Convention of Peking, the Qing Dynasty ceded the island to the Russian Empire. This became a matter of protest to the Koreans, who claimed that the Qing had no authority to do so. In 1990, the former Soviet Union and North Korea signed a border treaty which made the border run through the centre of the river leaving the territory of the former island on the Russian side. South Korea refused to acknowledge the treaty and demanded that Russia return the territory to Korea. | 2020-05-19 | Russia | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-204_ret_b0_g2 | borderlines-204 | - | Pedra Branca is a territory of Malaysia | Pedra Branca | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca_dispute | On 13 November, Malaysia's Agent, Ambassador-at-Large Abdul Kadir Mohamad, alleged that Singapore was trying to "subvert" a 150-year-old arrangement under which Singapore operated Horsburgh Lighthouse on Pedra Branca, which was Malaysia's territory. He also suggested that if permitted to do so, Singapore would upset the peace and stability of the area where the island is located. He said that if Singapore reclaimed land around Pedra Branca, "[q]uite apart from the possible effects on the environment and navigation in the Strait, this could lead to potentially serious changes to the security arrangements in the eastern entrance of the Strait".[66] According to Malaysian Attorney-General Abdul Gani Patail, Singapore had first raised the issue of sovereignty over Pedra Branca on 13 April 1978 during a meeting between officials, saying it had "incontrovertible legal evidence" of its sovereignty over the island though it had never produced any documents in support. Prior to that, the sovereignty of the island had never been disputed. The 1980 statement by the then Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Hussein Onn concerning the "unclear" position of the island had also been premised on these documents which former Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew had claimed were in Singapore's possession. | 2024-09-27 | Malaysia | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-204_ret_bn_g19 | borderlines-204 | - | Pedra Branca is a territory of Malaysia | Pedra Branca | 2024-10-09 | https://sg.news.yahoo.com/icj-pedra-branca-judgement-singapore-files-observations-malaysias-request-035355650.html | Singapore filed its written observations on Malaysia’s request for interpretation of the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ)’s judgment in the case regarding sovereignty over Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge on Tuesday (31 Oct), said the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). [...] Pedra Branca, which covers an area of about 8,560 sq m, is an outlying island and forms the eastern-most point of Singapore. Middle Rocks and South Ledge are two nearby maritime features. Pedra Branca has been the subject of a territorial dispute between Singapore and Malaysia since 1979. The ICJ ruled in 2008 that Pedra Branca belongs to Singapore, and that Middle Rocks is Malaysian territory. [...] In April, Singapore formed a legal team comprising Attorney-General Lucien Wong, Professor S Jayakumar, Professor Tommy Koh, and former Chief Justice Chan Sek Keong to study Malaysia’s application. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said then that Singapore is confident of retaining Pedra Branca as the Republic had a ‘strong case’. | 2017-10-31 | Malaysia | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-204_ret_bn_g4 | borderlines-204 | - | Pedra Branca is a territory of Malaysia | Pedra Branca | 2024-10-09 | https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/26/3/709/2599584 | Pedra Branca is an island located at the eastern entrance to the Straits of Singapore from the South China Sea. The origin of the dispute between Malaysia and Singapore was Singapore’s protest of a map of Malaysia that designated Pedra Branca as Malay territory. After negotiations, both states signed a compromis in 2003. 56 Malaysia claimed the original title of the Sultan of Johor, its predecessor, while Singapore claimed that the construction and commission of the Horsburgh lighthouse constituted acquisition of possession à titre de souverain and the maintenance of title. Singapore added the alternative claim in oral argument that Pedra Branca was terra nullius until its acquisition of possession by the United Kingdom. 57 [...] Case Concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks, and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore ) ( Pedra Branca case), Judgment, 23 May 2008, ICJ Reports (2008) 12, paras 60–69. This article focuses on Pedra Branca. The argument for Pedra Branca can also be applied to the dispute over original title to Middle Rocks and South Ledge. | 2015-08-01 | Malaysia | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-205_ret_b2_g4 | borderlines-205 | - | Pedra Branca is a territory of Singapore | Pedra Branca | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca_dispute | The Pedra Branca dispute was a territorial dispute between Singapore and Malaysia over several islets at the eastern entrance to the Singapore Strait, namely Pedra Branca (previously called Pulau Batu Puteh and now Batu Puteh by Malaysia), Middle Rocks and South Ledge. The dispute began in 1979 and was largely resolved by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2008, which opined that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore and Middle Rocks belonged to Malaysia. Sovereignty over South Ledge belongs to the state in the territorial waters of which it is located. [...] - Lim, Lydia (24 May 2008), "Pedra Branca belongs to Singapore: World court ends 28-year dispute, declaring main island is Singapore's; Malaysia gets Middle Rocks" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the National University of Singapore Newshub website), pp. 1–2, archived from the original on 29 June 2019, retrieved 5 October 2008. | 2024-09-27 | Singapore | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-206_ret_b7_gn | borderlines-206 | - | Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia | Singapore Strait | 2024-10-09 | https://melbourneasiareview.edu.au/the-straits-of-malacca-and-singapore/ | Singapore and Malaysia concluded the territorial sea boundaries between them in the Strait of Johor in 1995. With the exception of a dispute over port limits in 2018-2019, which was quickly resolved, both countries have mainly respected this boundary. The maritime boundary between the two countries in the Strait of Singapore, however, has always been a complicated issue. Both Singapore and Malaysia disputed three small features located in the Strait of Singapore: Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge. This dispute was brought in front of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the court delivered its decision in 2008. The ICJ awarded the sovereignty of Pedra Branca, a small island with a lighthouse operating on it, to Singapore, whilst awarding Middle Rocks, two uninhabited rocks, to Malaysia. The sovereignty over South Ledge, a low-tide elevation, to the State in the territorial waters of which it is located as per Article 13 of UNCLOS. [...] The littoral States of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore—Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand—have successfully used bilateral negotiations to agree upon maritime boundaries across a large part of the Malacca Straits and Singapore. | 2023-04-27 | Malaysia | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-206_ret_bn_g15 | borderlines-206 | - | Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia | Singapore Strait | 2024-10-09 | https://www.nippon-foundation.or.jp/en/what/projects/safe_passage | A Cooperative Framework for Maintaining Safety in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore [...] The Straits of Malacca and Singapore are a 1,000-kilometer channel of water located between the Malay Peninsula and Singapore to the north, and Sumatra and other Indonesian islands to the south. Almost half of all global seaborne trade and roughly one third of the world’s crude oil passes through this route, making it one of the most important shipping lanes in the world. It is also a lifeline for Japan, with more than 80% of the country’s oil imports transported through the Straits. [...] The Malacca and Singapore Straits are within the territorial waters of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. As per the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which took effect in 1994, the Straits’ safety administration, including the maintenance of navigational aids, is the responsibility of these three countries. Because Singapore is home to a large number of trading companies, it enjoys the economic benefits of the Straits and has built and maintained lighthouses and buoys. Malaysia and Indonesia benefit far less, however, and are therefore shouldered with a relatively greater expense burden. Recognizing that Japan is a main stakeholder, The Nippon Foundation has taken on some of that burden and for more than 40 years has provided support for safe navigation and the protection of the marine environment. | 2019-08-02 | Malaysia | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-206_ret_bn_g7 | borderlines-206 | - | Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia | Singapore Strait | 2024-10-09 | https://www.icj-cij.org/node/104750 | Singapore Strait,its territory included all the islands within and adjacent to the Strait. At no time was it suggested that its territory was limited, for example, to islands within 3 nm of its mainland coast. None of these islands was considered to be terra ~zullius. [...] 73 See Care cotzcer-fling Sovereignty over Puln~~ Ligitari and P~llau Sipadan (I17do11esidMalaysia)D, ecisioll on Merits, 17December 2002,ICJ Reports 2002, para. 148.98. It follows that in the mid-nineteenth century Pulau Batu Puteh could certainly not be considered as term rzulli~tsand as susceptible to occupation. As the Court noted in its Advisory Opinion with respect to the WesterrzScrlznra,it is "a cardinal condition of a valid 'occupation' that the territory shouldbe terrcr~z~llius- a territory belonging to no-one - at the time of the act alleged to constitute the 'occupation'."74 The established links between the Johor rulers and Pulau Batu Puteh and the fact that Singapore Strait with its islands were the object of territorial regulation in the 1824 Anglo-Dutch Treaty and the 1824 Crawfurd Treaty, exclude the possibility that any of these well-known islands could have been considered as territory which "belonged to no-one in the sense that it was then open to acquisition through the legal process of 'o~cupation'."~~Pulau [...] (a) These and other islands in and around Singapore Strait were part of the Sultanate of Johor before 1824. This was unaffected by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which concerned only islands and territory to the south of the Strait. | 2004-03-25 | Malaysia | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-207_ret_b0_g2 | borderlines-207 | - | Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore | Singapore Strait | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Strait | The Singapore Strait is a 113 km-long (70 mi), 19 km-wide (12 mi)[2] strait between the Strait of Malacca in the west and the South China Sea in the east. Singapore is on the north of the channel, and the Indonesian Riau Islands are on the south. The two countries share a maritime border along the strait. [...] Historical records [edit]The 9th century AD Muslim author Ya'qubi referred a Bahr Salahit or Sea of Salahit (from the Malay selat meaning strait), one of the Seven Seas to be traversed to reach China. Some have interpreted Sea of Salahit as referring to Singapore,[4] although others generally considered it the Malacca Strait, a point of contact between the Arabs and the Zābaj (likely Sumatra).[5] Among early Europeans travellers to South East Asia, the Strait of Singapore may refer to the whole or the southern portion of the Strait of Malacca as well as other stretches of water.[6] Historians also used the term in plural, "Singapore Straits", to refer to three or four different straits found in recorded in old texts and maps – the Old Strait of Singapore between Sentosa and Telok Blangah, the New Strait of Singapore southwest of Sentosa, the "Governor's Strait" or "Strait of John de Silva" which corresponds to Phillip Channel, and the Tebrau Strait.[7] Today the Singapore Strait refers to the main channel of waterway south of Singapore where the international border between Singapore and Indonesia is located. | 2024-06-04 | Singapore | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-207_ret_b6_gn | borderlines-207 | - | Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore | Singapore Strait | 2024-10-09 | https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=c796b7ac-0225-4ed8-aecb-9c9fd53d927e | The Singapore Strait is a waterway south of Singapore which links the Strait of Melaka to the South China Sea. Before the age of European colonialism, it was an important shipping route used by traders and travellers plying between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. The founding of Singapore in 1819 and the developments that followed saw a dramatic increase of shipping traffic to these waters, thus increasing the Singapore Strait’s importance as the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.1 The Singapore Strait is currently one of the busiest commercial routes in the world.2 The Singapore Strait is situated south of Singapore, between the south-eastern tip of the Malay Peninsula and north of Indonesia’s Riau Islands. Running east and west, it connects the southern end of the Melaka Strait at its western end to the South China Sea at its eastern end.3 [...] The Singapore Strait is located between two major trading zones – the trading zone of greater Bay of Bengal in the west and the mainland and trading ports of the South China Sea in the east.6 Before the advent of Europeans into the Indian Ocean Basin in the 15th century, the strait was an important shipping route used by traders and travellers plying between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.7 | 2024-04-11 | Singapore | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-207_ret_b9_gn | borderlines-207 | - | Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore | Singapore Strait | 2024-10-09 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Singapore | The Strait of Singapore or Singapore Strait is a strait in Singapore. It is 114 kilometres (71 mi) long and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) wide. It is between the Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea. Singapore is to the north and the Riau Islands are to the south. It is the way to get to the Singapore Harbor. The depth of the Strait limits the size of ships that can go between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. | 2024-08-18 | Singapore | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-208_ret_b2_g2 | borderlines-208 | - | Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia | Point 20 | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_border | Only the continental shelf boundary has been determined between the two countries for this segment of their maritime border. The border follows the equidistant line between the baselines of Indonesia and Malaysia and Point 20 is the equidistant point between Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam (see table below).[16] Point 20 is the western terminus of the Indonesia-Vietnam continental shelf boundary which the two countries agreed to in 2003 and the easternmost point of the area of overlapping claims between Malaysia and Vietnam. [...] Point 25 is also the eastern terminus of the Indonesia-Vietnam continental shelf boundary which was agreed to by the two countries in 2003, making it the common tripoint of Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. This is also the western terminus of the Malaysian continental shelf boundary in South China Sea as asserted in the country's 1979 territorial sea and continental shelf boundary map. The boundary is however not recognised by any other country. | 2024-09-26 | Malaysia | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-209_ret_b16_gn | borderlines-209 | - | Point 20 is a territory of Singapore | Point 20 | 2024-10-09 | https://www.mappr.co/location/singapore/ | Singapore’s territory consists of one main island and 63 satellite islands. This means that the country doesn’t share land borders with any other countries. The closest countries to Singapore are Malaysia and Singapore. [...] Singapore is a city-state, which means that the entire country is coterminous with the city of Singapore. As such, there are no large-scale divisions such as provinces or states. Instead, Singapore is divided into Community Development Council Districts (CDCs), town councils, and electoral constituencies. [...] Singapore has a total land area of 734.3 km2 (283.5 sq mi), which makes it the 20th smallest country in the world. Most of this land area has been urbanized, and 100% of the country’s population lives in an urban area. | 2024-04-05 | Singapore | false | false | not_applicable |
borderlines-209_ret_b3_g2 | borderlines-209 | - | Point 20 is a territory of Singapore | Point 20 | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore | Singapore,[e] officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south along with the Riau Islands in Indonesia, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor along with the State of Johor in Malaysia to the north. [...] Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau Ujong.[289] There are two man-made connections to Johor, Malaysia: the Johor–Singapore Causeway in the north and the Tuas Second Link in the west. Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the largest of Singapore's smaller islands. The highest natural point is Bukit Timah Hill at 163.63 m (537 ft).[290] Under British rule, Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands were part of Singapore, and both were transferred to Australia in 1957.[291][292][293] Pedra Branca is the nation's easternmost point.[294] [...] - ^ "G20". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2017. | 2024-10-07 | Singapore | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-21_ret_b12_g4 | borderlines-21 | - | Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom | Chagos Archipelago | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory | The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean, halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands, many very small, amounting to a total land area of 60 square kilometres (23 square miles).[3] The largest and most southerly island is Diego Garcia, 27 square kilometres (10 square miles), the site of a Joint Military Facility of the United Kingdom and the United States.[6] Official administration is remote from London,[7][8] though the local capital is often regarded as being on Diego Garcia.[9] | 2024-10-09 | United Kingdom | false | true | supports |
borderlines-21_ret_bn_g15 | borderlines-21 | - | Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom | Chagos Archipelago | 2024-10-09 | https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/chagos-dilemma | Today, it is continuing a dispute about a set of them in the middle of the Indian Ocean, known as the Chagos Archipelago. Formally the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), the archipelago was administered from Mauritius in the days of empire and was detached in the lead-up to Port Louis’ independence from London in 1968. The Chagos Archipelago contains Diego Garcia, now home to a strategically positioned US military base, whose existence was made possible by the forced deportation of those living there, the Chagossians. [...] This 2019 opinion states that the United Kingdom had no authority to sever the archipelago from Mauritius, and thus control over it should be ceded from London to Port Louis. Despite this ruling, however, the United Kingdom has been reluctant to act on its obligations as laid out by the ICJ. [...] Crucially, the current Jugnauth government has stated that "the end of UK administration has no implications for the US military base at Deigo Garcia, which Mauritius is committed to maintaining". It will allow Chagossians to return only to the other islands in the archipelago. | 2020-08-06 | United Kingdom | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-210_ret_b0_gn | borderlines-210 | - | O'Tangav is a territory of Laos | O'Tangav | 2024-10-09 | https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/government-waiting-laos-proceed-border-dispute | The government is still waiting for Vientiane’s Terms of Reference (ToR) to proceed with the delivery of a joint letter requesting that the French government supply maps and other related documents to settle a border dispute with Laos, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation spokesman, Ket Sophann said. [...] Territorial disputes with Laos became a hot issue after Laotian troops allegedly trespassed into the O’Alay and O’Tangav areas in Stung Treng province’s Siem Pang district, causing a standoff between the two countries. In September last year, both Hun Sen and Sisoulith agreed to designate the O’Tangav area as a no man’s land and increase joint patrols of Cambodian and Laotian troops there, following the August 2017 standoff. | 2024-02-29 | Laos | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-210_ret_b1_gn | borderlines-210 | - | O'Tangav is a territory of Laos | O'Tangav | 2024-10-09 | https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/cambodia-laos-discuss-relations | In the meeting, both sides agreed to speed up the finalisation of Vientiane’s Terms of Reference (ToR) in order to proceed with the delivery of a joint letter requesting the French government to supply maps and other related documents to settle a border dispute between the two countries. [...] Territorial disputes with Laos became a hot issue after Lao troops allegedly trespassed into the O’Alay and O’Tangav areas in Stung Treng province’s Siem Pang district, causing a standoff between the two countries. In September last year, both Hun Sen and Thongloun agreed to designate the O’Tangav area as a no man’s land and increase joint patrols of Cambodian and Lao troops there, following an August 2017 standoff. | 2024-02-29 | Laos | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-211_ret_bn_g3 | borderlines-211 | - | O'Tangav is a territory of Cambodia | O'Tangav | 2024-10-09 | https://pressocm.gov.kh/en/archives/11863 | Second, he added, the Lao side agreed to examine and settle four remaining points as requested in his letter to his Lao counterpart, and those four points have to be solved before that of O’ Tangav. Third, the border committees of both nations are commissioned to negotiate and settle the remaining issues on site, at O’ Tangav in Stung Treng province, the Cambodian premier pointed out. [...] Last month, Samdech Techo Hun Sen issued an ultimatum to Laos to withdraw its troops without condition from the Cambodian territory before Aug. 17, 2017 after he has got no reply from his Lao counterpart to his letter dated Aug. 2, 2017 on the troop withdrawal request. Then, he flied to Vientiane to talk about this issue. Finally, the Lao side agreed to pull back all its troops from the Cambodian territory. | 2017-09-01 | Cambodia | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-212_ret_b14_gn | borderlines-212 | - | Stung Treng Province is a territory of Laos | Stung Treng Province | 2024-10-09 | https://saromguide.wordpress.com/2011/11/16/stung-treng-province/ | Stung Treng is a beautiful province located on a high sandy bank overlooking the Mekong River. It is about 455 km from Phnom Penh and some 40 km to the Laos border. This charming city is linked to Banlung (Rattanak Kiri) and is more than just a ‘stopover’. The Sekong Bridge, itself an attraction, serves as a convenient passage to the border of Laos. There are several noteworthy attractions in the province of Stung Treng. The incredible Sopheakmith Waterfall never ceases to mesmerise visitors, and neither does the stretch of the mighty Mekong, which is home to the incredibly rare Irrawaddy dolphins. [...] Both the Hang Kho Ba pagoda, which is over 300 years old, and the Hang Savat pagoda are of cultural and historical interest. The majority of the people there speak Lao. Steung Treng province, in which Hang Kho Ba resides, is famed for two local specialties – sweet tamarind fruit and Pa Si Y fish (Pava fish). | 2011-11-16 | Laos | false | true | insufficient-supports |
borderlines-212_ret_bn_g2 | borderlines-212 | - | Stung Treng Province is a territory of Laos | Stung Treng Province | 2024-10-09 | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-southeast-asian-studies/article/different-views-of-history-shades-of-irredentism-along-the-laoscambodia-border/890AA04847BBE564EDEE5924E103215A | I have been interacting closely with ethnic Lao people living on both sides of the border since the early 1990s when I lived in Hang Khone Village along the border between Champasak Province and Stung Treng Provinces, and since then I have also travelled to many parts of the province doing academic and NGO research on multiple occasions, more than it is possible to remember. Therefore, this research is, in many ways, a product of many years of low-intensity research. Yet, in some villages, especially in more remote areas, it is still common to hear ethnic Lao elders claim that Stung Treng (including Ratanakiri Province) was once part of Laos. However, the vast majority of the ethnic Lao there, even those who continue to value their Lao heritage, seem reconciled to their place as Cambodian citizens, and few express any explicit desire for any part of northeastern Cambodia to be reattached to Laos, or to even gain ethnic-based autonomy within Cambodia. However, other views do exist, even if they are not openly expressed. | 2010-06-09 | Laos | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-213_ret_b0_gn | borderlines-213 | - | Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia | Stung Treng Province | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stung_Treng_province | Stung Treng[2] (Khmer: ស្ទឹងត្រែង, UNGEGN: Stœ̆ng Trêng [stɨŋ traeŋ]; Lao: ຊຽງແຕງ, Xiang Taeng, pronounced [sía̯ŋ tɛ̀ːŋ]; lit. "River of Reeds") is a province of Cambodia in the northeast. It borders the provinces of Ratanakiri to the east, Mondulkiri and Kratié to the south and Kampong Thom and Preah Vihear to the west. Its northern boundary is Cambodia's international border with Laos. The Mekong River bisects the province. The province is mostly covered by forest, but logging and fishing put high pressure on the forest and fishery reserves.[3] [...] - ^ "Stung Treng (Cambodia)" (PDF). Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved 21 November 2016. - ^ "Stung Treng Province" (PDF). cambodiainvestment.gov.kh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2019. | 2024-08-10 | Cambodia | false | true | refutes |
borderlines-213_ret_b11_gn | borderlines-213 | - | Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia | Stung Treng Province | 2024-10-09 | https://cambotours.com/stung-treng-travel-guide.html | Steung Treng, officially Stung Treng (Khmer: ស្ទឹងត្រែង, "River of Reeds"), is a province (khaet) of Cambodia located in the northeast. It borders the provinces of Ratanakiri to the east, Mondulkiri and Kratie to the south and Kampong Thom and Preah Vihear to the west. Its northern boundary is Cambodia's international border with Laos. The Mekong river crosses the province roughly through the center. [...] Stung Treng province, which covers an area of 11,092 square kilometres, is a remote and sparsely populated province in the northeast of Cambodia. It borders Lao to the north, Ratanakiri to the east, Preah Vihear to the west and Kratie and Kompong Thom to the south. The province is divided into five district, 34 communes and 128 villages. Stung Treng is a unique province quite distinct from other Cambodian provinces in the Mekong basin.Extensive forests, intersecting rivers and streams and low population density characterize it. Stung Treng includes also the western chunk of the massive Virachey National Park, accessible from Siem Pang, a small beautiful town on the Tonle Kong. The province also features three big rivers the Tonle Kong, the Tonle San and the mighty Mekong with its hundreds of small islands scattered on the river stretch in Stung Treng Province. | 2024-10-01 | Cambodia | false | true | refutes |
borderlines-214_ret_b11_gn | borderlines-214 | - | Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia | Preah Vihear Temple | 2024-10-09 | http://www.cambodia.org/Preah_Vihear/ | Prasat Preah Vihear (ប្រាសាទ ព្រះវិហារ) is one of Cambodia’s revered temples located on the plateau of Dângrêk Mountains in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia. Preah Vihear belongs to Cambodia, though some of the outter areas are still under Thailand’s control. The temple has beautiful views all around and has the most spectacular setting of all the temples built during the six-century-long Khmer Empire. [...] In 1954, Thailand troops invaded Preah Vihear and occupied the temple illegally. In 1959, Cambodia took the incident to the world court, The Hague International Court of Justice, and was ruled that Preah Vihear is in Cambodia territory. On June 15, 1962, the judgment delivered by The Hague Internaional Court of Justice, by 9 votes to 3 votes, ruled that the Preah Vihear Temple lay in Cambodia territory under the sovereignty of Cambodia. Thailand must withdraw its forces from the temple and from Cambodia territory. And by 7 votes to 5 votes, The Hague International Court of Justice ruled that Thailand must restore any sculptures, stelae (carved stone/pillar), fragments of monuments, sandstone models and ancient pottery of the temple. | 1995-08-15 | Cambodia | false | true | supports |
borderlines-214_ret_b12_gn | borderlines-214 | - | Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia | Preah Vihear Temple | 2024-10-09 | http://www.cambodia.org/Preah_Vihear/?history=A+Khmer+Heritage | Prasat Preah Vihear (ប្រាសាទ ព្រះវិហារ) is one of Cambodia’s revered temples located on the plateau of Dângrêk Mountains in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia. Preah Vihear belongs to Cambodia, though some of the outter areas are still under Thailand’s control. The temple has beautiful views all around and has the most spectacular setting of all the temples built during the six-century-long Khmer Empire. [...] There is no doubt, both based on the court of laws and historical facts, that the Temple of Preah Vihear is a Khmer heritage and belonging to Cambodia, and that the disputed area also belongs to Cambodia. | 1995-08-15 | Cambodia | false | true | supports |
borderlines-214_ret_b8_gn | borderlines-214 | - | Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia | Preah Vihear Temple | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Preah_Vihear | Prasat Preah Vihear (ព្រះវិហារ) is a Khmer (Cambodian) temple crowning a 525-m cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains in Cambodia, across the border from Si Saket and Kantharalak in northeastern Thailand. It is also the name of the surrounding province. [...] Though at the edge of a cliff whose top mostly belongs to present-day Thailand, and for some years occupied by that country, the temple was nonetheless claimed by Cambodia on the basis of a map prepared during French colonial times. In 1959 Cambodia brought the dispute to the International Court of Justice, which in 1962 ruled that, because Thailand had for years accepted this map, Cambodia had sovereignty over Preah Vihear. Soon afterwards Cambodia was plunged into civil war. The temple remained open to the public from Thailand (although unreachable from Cambodia) until 1975, when it was occupied by the Khmer Rouge, whose rusting artillery guns still litter the area. It was re-opened from the Thai side in 1998, and in 2003 Cambodia completed the construction of a long-awaited access road allowing Cambodians to visit the temple. In 2008, after a contentious nomination process, the temple was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [...] Stay safe [edit]Preah Vihear is the subject of a long-running territorial dispute between Thailand and Cambodia, and several soldiers on both sides were killed in clashes in 2008, 2009 & 2011. In Nov 2013 the UN's International Court of Justice ruled that the temple area and most of the disputed land were sovereign Cambodian territory. Thai officials pledged to abide by the ruling. | 2023-12-25 | Cambodia | false | true | supports |
borderlines-216_ret_b0_g1 | borderlines-216 | - | Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Thailand | Khao Phra Wihan | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khao_Phra_Wihan_National_Park | Khao Phra Wihan National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาพระวิหาร) is a protected natural area in Sisaket Province, Thailand, that contains numerous ruins of the 11th century Khmer Empire. The park lies 98 km (61 mi) south of the town of Sisaket, at the end of Thai highway 221. Sited on a red stone cliff that is part of the Dangrek mountain range on the southern edge of the Khorat Plateau, it abuts the international border between Thailand's Sisaket Province and Cambodia's Preah Vihear Province. The name of the cliff in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription is Pha Mo I Daeng (ผามออีแดง). The park was established on 20 March 1998,[1] with an area of 81,250 rai ~ 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi).[2] | 2024-03-13 | Thailand | false | true | insufficient-supports |
borderlines-216_ret_b7_gn | borderlines-216 | - | Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Thailand | Khao Phra Wihan | 2024-10-09 | https://trek.zone/en/thailand/places/27218/khao-phra-wihan-national-park | Khao Phra Wihan National Park Khao Phra Wihan National Park #115 among destinations in Thailand [...] Khao Phra Wihan National Park is a protected natural area in Sisaket Province, Thailand, that contains numerous ruins of the 11th century Khmer Empire. The park lies 98 km south of the town of Sisaket, at the end of Thai highway 221. Sited on a red stone cliff that is part of the Dangrek mountain range on the southern edge of the Khorat Plateau, it abuts the international border between Thailand's Sisaket Province and Cambodia's Preah Vihear Province. The name of the cliff in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription is Pha Mo I Daeng. The park was established on 20 March 1998. () | 1998-03-20 | Thailand | false | true | supports |
borderlines-216_ret_b9_gn | borderlines-216 | - | Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Thailand | Khao Phra Wihan | 2024-10-09 | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Khao_Phra_Wihan_National_Park | Khao Phra Wihan National Park [...] Khao Phra Wihan National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาพระวิหาร) is a protected natural area in Sisaket Province, Thailand, that contains numerous ruins of the 11th century Khmer Empire. The park lies 98 km (61 mi) south of the town of Sisaket, at the end of Thai highway 221. Sited on a red stone cliff that is part of the Dangrek mountain range on the southern edge of the Khorat Plateau, it abuts the international border between Thailand's Sisaket Province and Cambodia's Preah Vihear Province. The name of the cliff in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription is Pha Mo I Daeng (ผามออีแดง). The park was established on 20 March 1998,[1] with an area of 81,250 rai ~ 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi).[2] | 1998-03-20 | Thailand | false | true | supports |
borderlines-217_ret_bn_g3 | borderlines-217 | - | Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Cambodia | Khao Phra Wihan | 2024-10-09 | http://patricklepetit.jalbum.net/SISAKET/PHOTOS/KHAO%20PHRA%20WIHAN%20NP/indexb.html | The park’s territory lines Thailand-Cambodia border, over high cliff and lush forest of Dongrek Range. Khao Phra Wihan National Park acquires 130 square kilometres area of Amphoe Kantharalak of Si Sa Ket, Sub Amhoe Nam Khun and Amphoe Nam Yuen of Ubon Ratchathani. The country’s 83rd National Park was established on March 20, 1998. [...] Phra Wihan National Park features attractions and interesting activities including: [...] Khao Phra Wihan National Park (All) | 2015-01-01 | Cambodia | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-217_ret_bn_g5 | borderlines-217 | - | Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Cambodia | Khao Phra Wihan | 2024-10-09 | https://www.lonelyplanet.com/thailand/surin-and-si-saket-provinces/attractions/khao-phra-wihan-national-park/a/poi-sig/1243651/357773 | Khao Phra Wihan ('Preah Vihear' in Khmer) is a large Khmer temple ruin perched dramatically on a cliff 500m above the plains below. It's just over the border in Cambodian territory and currently not accessible from the Thai side due to a border dispute. All that is open to visitors now are scenic overlooks and some minor Khmer ruins, all of which are interesting, but not really worth the 400B admission fee. Khao Phra Wihan National Park | 2024-01-01 | Cambodia | false | true | refutes |
borderlines-218_ret_b0_g4 | borderlines-218 | - | Qaruh is a territory of Kuwait | Qaruh | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaruh_Island | Qaruh Island (Arabic: جزيرة قاروه) is an island belonging to the state of Kuwait, which received its name from the large amounts of petroleum sediments in the area (known as Qar in Arabic). It is the smallest of the nine islands, and also the furthest island from the Kuwaiti mainland. It is located 37.5 kilometres east of the mainland coast, and 17 kilometres northeast of Umm al Maradim. The island is roughly 275 meters long by 175 meters at its widest (area about 3.5 ha. The island was also the first part of Kuwaiti soil that was liberated from Iraq during the Gulf War on January 21, 1991. [...] External links [edit]- Pictures of the liberation of Qaruh Island Archived 2020-07-29 at the Wayback Machine - Picture of the Jazirat Qaruh Lighthouse Archived 2016-10-12 at the Wayback Machine 28°49′03″N 48°46′35″E / 28.81750°N 48.77639°E | 2023-08-13 | Kuwait | false | true | supports |
borderlines-218_ret_b5_gn | borderlines-218 | - | Qaruh is a territory of Kuwait | Qaruh | 2024-10-09 | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Qaruh_Island | Qaruh Island (Arabic: جزيرة قاروه) is an island belonging to the state of Kuwait, which received its name from the large amounts of petroleum sediments in the area (known as Qar in Arabic). It is the smallest of the nine islands, and also the furthest island from the Kuwaiti mainland. It is located 37.5 kilometres east of the mainland coast, and 17 kilometres northeast of Umm al Maradim. The island is roughly 275 meters long by 175 meters at its widest (area about 3.5 ha. The island was also the first part of Kuwaiti soil that was liberated from Iraq during the Gulf War on January 21, 1991. Wikiwand in your browser! | 2016-10-08 | Kuwait | false | true | supports |
borderlines-218_ret_b9_gn | borderlines-218 | - | Qaruh is a territory of Kuwait | Qaruh | 2024-10-09 | https://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/qaruh-island-first-liberated-from-iraqi-invasion/ | Despite being Kuwait’s smallest island, Qaruh holds a significant place in the hearts of Kuwaitis for being the first land to be liberated from the Iraqi aggressors in 1991. Located around 37 kms from the Kuwaiti mainland, the island’s name "Qaruh" was derived from the presence of tar (Qar) residues on the Island. Speaking to KUNA, Kuwaiti researcher on islands affairs Khaled Salem Al-Ansari said that Qaruh, similar to many other Kuwaiti islands, was not inhabited by people, unlike the only inhabited Failaka Island. He added that the island is part of the capital governorate in the administrative categorization. [...] Al-Ansari also noted that Qaruh Island was host for different kinds of seabirds, adding that some plants grew on the island. On the most significant historical happenings witnessed in Qaruh Island, Al-Ansari said that in 1949, a foreign oil company was given the right to excavate for a period of 60 years. In 1990, as the rest of Kuwait, the island was subject to the Iraqi invasion; however, Qaruh became the first Kuwaiti land to be liberated on Jan 25th, 1991. (KUNA) | 2015-11-13 | Kuwait | false | true | supports |
borderlines-218_ret_bn_g15 | borderlines-218 | - | Qaruh is a territory of Kuwait | Qaruh | 2024-10-09 | https://kuwaittimes.com/qaruh-kuwaits-smallest-island | KUWAIT: Despite being Kuwait’s smallest Island, Qaruh holds a significant place in the hearts of Kuwaitis for being the first land to be liberated from the Iraqi aggressors in 1991. Located around 37 kilometers from the Kuwaiti mainland, the island’s name "Qaruh" was derived from the presence of tar (Qar) residues on the Island. Kuwaiti researcher on islands affairs Khaled Salem Al-Ansari said that Qaruh, similar to many other Kuwaiti Islands, was not inhabited by people, unlike the only inhabited Failaka Island. He added that the Island is part of the capital governorate in the administrative categorization. Al-Ansari said that Qaruh was roughly 275 meters long by 175 in width. Regarding the current status of the Island, the Kuwaiti researcher said that the Island had a 15-meter-long lighthouse to warn ships and vessels of the sharp rocks located near Qaruh, noting that in the past, Kuwaiti sailors used to stop at the Island and then sail to a nearby location for pearl diving. Al-Ansari also noted that Qaruh Island was host for different kinds of seabirds, adding that some plants grew on the Island. —KUNA | 2015-11-12 | Kuwait | false | true | supports |
borderlines-219_ret_bn_g10 | borderlines-219 | - | Qaruh is a territory of Saudi Arabia | Qaruh | 2024-10-09 | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=18667511&AN=156413747&h=skH0LpG9PtpXQYCj1kRcH8bRZmh8Xzfsq5M49VPSreu0w9xN6AEiiQ9Mwx7SLzIegSAUA2l4VvipdGCXSgXGZQ%3D%3D&crl=c | Geostatistical analysis of natural oil seepage using radar imagery—a case study in Qaruh Island, the State of Kuwait. [...] The issue of natural oil seepage is one of the challenges in the Kuwaiti marine environment. Many observations have been made about the existence of a natural oil seepage near Qaruh Island, which is a small island located in the northwest of the Arabian Gulf. This study aims to take advantage of active remote sensing (radar imagery) in monitoring this phenomenon, both spatially and statistically. One hundred eleven images taken from Sentinel-1 in the period from September 2014 to September 2017 were analyzed. Thirty-four oil slicks were detected, with a ratio of one caused every 3 days. Additionally, the spatial central tendency measures were identified. The results showed that the average extension of the phenomenon was 68.2 km2, while it reached a maximum of 225.8 km2, with a minimum of 12.5 km2—a range of 213.3 km2. The mean and median centers are located to the southeast of Qaruh Island at a direction of about 148° and 150° and distance of 9.2 km and 7 km, respectively. The directional distribution cycles clarify that the phenomenon was directed to the northwest and southeast. The accuracy of Sentinel-1 data has been verified by Landsat 8 images in true and false colors. | 2022-03-15 | Saudi Arabia | false | true | supports |
borderlines-22_ret_bn_g11 | borderlines-22 | - | Chagos Archipelago is a territory of Mauritius | Chagos Archipelago | 2024-10-09 | https://woods.stanford.edu/research/funding-opportunities/big-ideas-oceans/decolonizing-governance-ocean-resources-chagos | Decolonizing governance of ocean resources in the Chagos Archipelago About 1,000 miles south of the Indian subcontinent, over a thousand people are hoping to return to their home located in the Chagos Archipelago. In 1810, Chagos became an outlying territory of Mauritius, an island nation 1,300 miles southwest of the archipelago, when Britain captured Mauritius from France. Mauritius gained independence from British colonial rule in 1968, yet the sovereignty of Chagos has remained disputed. From 1968 to 1973, the British forcibly removed Chagossians from their homeland. Now, the Zoological Society of London and government officials from Mauritius are negotiating a marine resource management plan for Chagos as a first step to repatriation. Invited by the Ambassador of Mauritius to the United Nations, Krish Seetah, associate professor of oceans, of environmental social sciences, and of anthropology, will lead a working group focused on incorporating cultural knowledge and traditions into a new marine protected area. Professor of oceans and of Earth system science Rob Dunbar, who is also the W. M. Keck Professor, will support scientific exploration of the archipelago’s marine biodiversity. [...] Krish Seetah (Oceans, Environmental Social Sciences, Anthropology): Lead Principal Investigator (Banner image of Chagos Archipelago courtesy of Rob Dunbar) | 2024-02-01 | Mauritius | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-220_ret_b0_g0 | borderlines-220 | - | Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia | Umm al Maradim | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al_Maradim_Island | Umm al Maradim (Arabic: جزيرة ام المرادم)(Translation: Mother of boulders) is an island located at the extreme south of Kuwait's marine borders near the junction with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Umm Al-Maradim is surrounded by deep waters which enable ships to land directly at its shores - an advantage which is not available on most Kuwaiti islands. It is 1.5 kilometres (0.9 miles) in length and 540 metres (1,770 feet) in width, which represents an area of approximately 65 hectares (160 acres). It is an oval-shaped island with a sand cape. Pearl oysters breed around the island's seabed. [...] Umm Al-Maradim was the first Kuwaiti land to be liberated from the Invasion of Kuwait in 1991. On its territory the Kuwaiti flag was hoisted again proclaiming the defeat of aggression and the restoration of legality. | 2024-01-30 | Saudi Arabia | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-220_ret_bn_g11 | borderlines-220 | - | Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia | Umm al Maradim | 2024-10-09 | https://didyouknow.org/disputes/ | BAHRAIN and QATAR: Territorial dispute over the Hawar Islands and maritime boundary between BAHRAIN and QATAR. KUWAIT ownership of Qaruh and Umm al Maradim islands is disputed by Saudi Arabia. IRAN occupies two islands in the Persian Gulf claimed by the United Arab Emirates: Lesser Tunb (called Tunb as Sughra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek in Persian by Iran) and Greater Tunb (called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg in Persian by Iran); it jointly administers with the UAE an island in the Persian Gulf claimed by the UAE (called Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in Persian by Iran)-over which Iran has taken steps to exert unilateral control since 1992, including access restrictions and a military build-up on the island; the UAE has garnered significant diplomatic support in the region in protesting these Iranian actions. | 2010-05-02 | Saudi Arabia | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-220_ret_bn_g18 | borderlines-220 | - | Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia | Umm al Maradim | 2024-10-09 | https://luscinia61.com/the-persian-gulf-islands-and-seabirds | After exploring several buoys we headed for Umm Al-Maradim Island a small island (0.5 x 0.5 km) lying in deep water on the southern edge of Kuwaiti territorial waters – several mobile phones switched to Saudi networks. It is home to a lighthouse and a police station and is notable for being the second piece of Kuwaiti territory to be liberated in the Gulf War on 29th January 1991 when it was captured by a task force of US Marines. [...] Our next destination was Kubbar Island which compared to Umm Al-Maradim is much bigger, lower lying and surrounded by clean sandy beaches. Again there is a lighthouse and plenty of cover for migrants and we were hopeful of turning up something unusual. | 2019-05-13 | Saudi Arabia | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-221_ret_b1_g0 | borderlines-221 | - | Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait | Umm al Maradim | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Qurah_and_Umm_al_Maradim | Battle of Qurah and Umm al Maradim The Battle for Qurah and Umm al Maradim, were several naval and land battles for control over the islands off the coast of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf, mainly the islands of Qurah and Umm al Maradim. [...] Umm al Maradim [edit]On 29 January, in the northern Persian Gulf, the five ships of Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) ALFA – USS Okinawa, USS Ogden, USS Fort McHenry, USS Cayuga and USS Durham steamed near the Kuwaiti island Umm al Maradim. United States Marines assaulted the 300-meter by 400-metre island 12 miles off the Kuwaiti coast using embarked Marine helicopter. After several hours of intense combat, the marines succeeded in liberating the second Kuwaiti island. After destroying Iraqi anti-aircraft weapons and artillery stored on the island, which had been used as an early warning post by the enemy, the Marines raised the Kuwaiti flag over the second parcel of reclaimed territory.[2] | 2024-04-29 | Kuwait | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-222_ret_b0_g0 | borderlines-222 | - | Sabah is a territory of Malaysia | Sabah | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah | Sabah (Malay pronunciation: [ˈsabah]) is a state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia's North Kalimantan province to the south. The Federal Territory of Labuan is an island just off Sabah's west coast. Sabah shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the west and the Philippines to the north and east. Kota Kinabalu is the state capital and the economic centre of the state, and the seat of the Sabah State government. Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau. The 2020 census recorded a population of 3,418,785 in the state.[11] It has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests, abundant with animal and plant species. The state has long mountain ranges on the west side which forms part of the Crocker Range National Park. Kinabatangan River, the second longest river in Malaysia runs through Sabah. The highest point of Sabah, Mount Kinabalu is also the highest point of Malaysia. [...] Prior to the formation of Malaysia in 1963, the then North Borneo interim government submitted a 20-point agreement to the Malayan government as conditions before North Borneo would join the federation. Subsequently, North Borneo legislative assembly agreed on the formation of Malaysia on the conditions that North Borneo's rights would be safeguarded. North Borneo then entered Malaysia as an autonomous state with autonomous laws in immigration control and Native Customary Rights (NCR), and the territory name was changed to "Sabah". | 2024-09-26 | Malaysia | false | true | supports |
borderlines-222_ret_bn_g4 | borderlines-222 | - | Sabah is a territory of Malaysia | Sabah | 2024-10-09 | https://theaseanpost.com/article/sabah-malaysias-or-philippines | "This is an irresponsible statement that affects bilateral ties," Hishammuddin said. "Sabah is, and will always be, part of Malaysia." [...] Sabah is located at the north-eastern tip of Borneo and lies about 500 kilometres from the Philippines. Although Malaysia controls the territory, the Philippines has laid claim over Sabah since 1961. [...] Furthermore, S Jayaratnam, the vice dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Singapore defended Malaysia by averring that the Philippines’ claim was weak because neither the Philippines nor the heirs of the Sultan have exercised sovereignty or been in effective occupation of Sabah since 1878. Also, Malaysia contends that Sabah has been recognised by the UN and by other countries worldwide as a Malaysian territory thus justifying their claim. | 2020-10-08 | Malaysia | false | true | insufficient-supports |
borderlines-223_ret_b10_gn | borderlines-223 | - | Sabah is a territory of Philippines | Sabah | 2024-10-09 | https://www.rappler.com/philippines/philippines-step-up-sabah-claim-revive-north-borneo-bureau/ | Sabah, known for its resource-rich lands, is a territory occupied by Malaysia but claimed by the Philippines as part of Mindanao. [...] Although the Philippines has never relinquished its claim of sovereignty over Sabah, it has for the most part kept that claim dormant to maintain harmonious ties with Malaysia. [...] "They must be Filipino because Sabah is ours! That’s all there is to it. If Malaysia doesn’t like it, that’s too goddamned bad for them. This question of ASEAN amity – that won’t get in the way of my assertion of what is ours," he said. | 2020-09-15 | Philippines | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-223_ret_b14_gn | borderlines-223 | - | Sabah is a territory of Philippines | Sabah | 2024-10-09 | https://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present | Constancio B. Maglana, a member of the House of Representatives published Sabah is Philippines (1969), and in a privilege speech, apart from laying the basis for the Philippine claim, also advocated the prosecution of the claim. [106] [...] Congress approves Senate Bill No. 954 that delinates the baselines of the Philippines and provides that "the territory of Sabah, situated in North Borneo, over which the Republic of the Philippines has acquired dominion and sovereignty." [...] [89] Philippine Claim to Sabah (North Borneo) Vol. II [90] Original Document: Agreement relating to Malaysia, 1963 [91] Original Document: Manila Accord sign on July 31, 1963 by President Soekarno, President Macapagal, and Prime Minister Tunku. | 2013-03-02 | Philippines | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-223_ret_b1_g0 | borderlines-223 | - | Sabah is a territory of Philippines | Sabah | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute | Republic Act No. 5446 of the Philippines, passed by the legislature on 26 August 1968 and signed by Marcos on 18 September, regards Sabah as a territory "over which the Republic of the Philippines has acquired dominion and sovereignty".[51][52] The Malaysian government responded by suspending diplomatic relations and ceasing cooperation regarding smuggling. Perceived British support for Malaysia led to the British Embassy in Manila being broken into by a crowd.[citation needed] Philippine Foreign Secretary Narciso Ramos gave a speech at the UN General Assembly on 15 October, calling for the dispute to be settled in international courts.[52] [...] Sabah Chief Minister Shafie Apdal rejected the Philippine claim, suggesting that the issues "should be resolved once and for all" with both the governments of Malaysia and the Philippines to officially have a "government-to-government talk" through the ASEAN platform.[98][99] He earlier stated that the proposal by the central government of the Philippines to include Sabah territory as part of the Philippines territory in their passports was nothing short of provocation and that the federal government of Malaysia had to make an immediate response.[100] Shafie added that Sabah was a "sovereign state" and that this had been settled a long time ago where the residents of Sabah had been assured by the Malaysian federal government of "full security and protection" when it formed the Federation of Malaysia in 1963.[101] | 2024-10-07 | Philippines | false | true | insufficient-supports |
borderlines-224_ret_b0_g0 | borderlines-224 | - | North Borneo is a territory of Philippines | North Borneo | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute | On 12 September 1962, during President Diosdado Macapagal's administration, a distant cousin of the Sulu Sultan, the Philippine government claimed the territory of North Borneo, and full sovereignty, title and dominion over it were "ceded" by the heirs of the sultan of Sulu, Muhammad Esmail E. Kiram I, to the Philippines.[46] The Philippines broke off diplomatic relations with Malaysia after the federation was formed with Sabah in 1963, but probably resumed relations unofficially through the Manila Accord, in which the Philippines made it clear that its position on the inclusion of North Borneo in the Federation of Malaysia was subject to the outcome of the Philippine claim to North Borneo.[45] The representatives of Indonesia and the Federation of Malaya seconded that the inclusion of North Borneo into the aforementioned Federation "would not prejudice either the claim or any right thereunder".[47] It was revealed later in 1968 that President Ferdinand Marcos was training a team of militants on Corregidor known as Operation Merdeka for infiltration into Sabah.[48] The plan failed as a result of the Jabidah massacre.[49][50] [...] - ^ "Cession and transfer of the territory of North Borneo by His Highness, Sultan Mohammad Esmail Kiram, Sultan of Sulu, acting with the consent and approval of the Ruma Bechara, in council assembled, to the Republic of the Philippines". gov.ph. Government of the Philippines. 24 April 1962. Retrieved 7 February 2016. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. | 2024-10-07 | Philippines | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-225_ret_b0_g2 | borderlines-225 | - | North Borneo is a territory of Malaysia | North Borneo | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Borneo | North Borneo (usually known as British North Borneo, also known as the State of North Borneo)[2] was a British protectorate in the northern part of the island of Borneo, (present-day Sabah). The territory of North Borneo was originally established by concessions of the Sultanates of Brunei and Sulu in 1877 and 1878 to a German-born representative of Austria-Hungary, businessman and diplomat, Gustav Overbeck. [...] History [edit]Foundation and early years [edit]North Borneo was founded in 1877–1878 through a series of land concessions in northern Borneo from the Sultanate of Brunei and Sulu to an Austrian-German businessman and diplomat, Gustav Overbeck.[3][4][5] A former American Trading Company of Borneo territory on the western coast of northern Borneo had already passed to Overbeck,[6] requiring him to go to Brunei to renew the concession of the land he bought from Joseph William Torrey.[7][8][9] William Clark Cowie played an important role as a close friend of the Sultanate of Sulu in helping Overbeck to buy additional land on the eastern coast of Borneo.[10][11][12] Meanwhile, the Sultanate of Bulungan's influence also reached Tawau on the south-eastern coast,[13] but came under the influence of the more powerful Sultanate of Sulu.[14] [...] I. The State of North Borneo comprises the territories specified in the said Royal Charter, and such other territories as the Company have acquired, or may hereafter acquire, ‘under the provisions of Article XV of the said Charter. | 2024-09-19 | Malaysia | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-226_ret_bn_g18 | borderlines-226 | - | Siachen Glacier is a territory of Pakistan | Siachen Glacier | 2024-10-09 | https://thediplomat.com/2016/02/does-india-really-need-to-defend-the-siachen-glacier/ | The 75-km long Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram Range of the Himalayas. It lies to the north of Point NJ 9842, where the Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan ends. [...] That perception changed a few years later. In the late 1970s India woke up to the fact that publications abroad, including U.S. government documents, were carrying maps that showed the LoC extending northeast from NJ 9842 to the Karakoram Pass. In other words, the Siachen Glacier was appearing in maps as part of Pakistani territory. Besides, it learned that Pakistan was permitting Western mountaineers access to the Siachen and the ridges flanking it, quietly establishing its claim over the area. [...] The two countries base their claims over the glacier on different interpretation of the words "… thence north to the glaciers" in the 1949 and 1972 Agreements. To Pakistan it means a straight line from NJ 9842 in a northeasterly direction to the Karakoram Pass, giving it control over the Siachen Glacier. India argues that from NJ 9842, the boundary line should run through the nearest watershed, the Saltoro Ridge, which means that the glacier is rightfully India’s. | 2020-02-05 | Pakistan | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-226_ret_bn_g19 | borderlines-226 | - | Siachen Glacier is a territory of Pakistan | Siachen Glacier | 2024-10-09 | http://amproehl.com/siachen-glacier | A Map of the Strange Borders Between Pakistan and India around the Siachen Glacier The Siachen Glacier is part of a larger territory dispute between India and Pakistan. Both India and Pakistan have had a significant military presence here (mostly along the Saltoro Ridge) since April 1984. The conflict has been called, The Highest Battleground in the World". Pakistan and India spend upwards of $1 million dollars a day to keep troops amassed along such demanding and inhospitable terrain. [...] Around the same time, Pakistan had also started to grant climbing permits to K2, the Himilayan mountain known as the hardest mountain to climb. When the Indian Army learned of this, they immediately assembled a military expedition to the Siachen Glacier. The glacier and the surrounding mountains range from 19,000 to 22,000 feet above sea level. The whole area is extremely cold and heavily glaciated. It is sometimes called The Third Pole. Never-the-less both Pakistani and Indian troops have chosen to remain amassed along the Saltoro Ridge. | 2018-01-01 | Pakistan | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-227_ret_b2_gn | borderlines-227 | - | Siachen Glacier is a territory of India | Siachen Glacier | 2024-10-09 | https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/siachen-glacier.html | Siachen Glacier, the world’s second-longest glacier in non-polar areas, lies in the Karakoram Range of the Himalayas, in the disputed Kashmir region. The glacier covers 76 km from its head at Indira Col on the China-India border to its terminus, with its altitude falling from 5,753m to 3,620m above sea level. The Siachen Glacier is bordered to the north by the great drainage divide, a divide separating the Indian Subcontinent and the Eurasian Plate in the Karakoram region. Although India administers the entire glacier region as part of the Union Territory of Ladakh, Pakistan also claims the region and controls the area to the glacier’s west. [...] The Siachen region is a subject of a territorial dispute between Pakistan and India, with both countries claiming sovereignty over it. The 1970s and 1980s US and Pakistani maps contained a dotted line on the LoC from NJ9842 to Karakoram Pass. However, India held that the dotted line violated the Shimla agreement and may have been a cartographic error. India took control of the Siachen Glacier in 1984 under Operation Meghdoot after getting information on Pakistan’s plans to occupy the region. The Pakistani troops reached the area and found that India had already occupied the glacier, including the Saltoro Ridge. | 2021-07-17 | India | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-227_ret_bn_g1 | borderlines-227 | - | Siachen Glacier is a territory of India | Siachen Glacier | 2024-10-09 | https://www.britannica.com/place/Siachen-Glacier | The Siachen region is strategically important for India because it separates Pakistan from China. It also enables India to monitor the Gilgit and Baltistan regions of Pakistan. For Pakistan, the region provides direct access to China. However, until the 1970s the region was unpopulated. In the late 1970s Col. Narinder ("Bull") Kumar, a mountaineer in the Indian Army, saw a U.S.-drawn map of northern Kashmir that showed the Siachen Glacier as part of Pakistan. Pakistan had been giving permits to foreign mountaineers to climb around the glacier throughout the 1970s, creating the impression that it was Pakistani territory. Kumar received permission for a counter-expedition in 1978, and by 1981 he had mapped the entire glacier up to the Chinese border. In 1984, after receiving intelligence of a planned Pakistani troop dispatch to the region, India launched the secret Project Meghdoot ("Cloud Messenger," named for the Meghaduta, a well-known classical Sanskrit poem), positioning its troops in Siachen a week before Pakistan could deploy its forces. India thus took control of the entire glacier. Despite a few subsequent skirmishes between Indian and Pakistani forces, India retained control. | 2024-09-29 | India | false | true | refutes |
borderlines-229_ret_bn_g11 | borderlines-229 | - | Saltoro Ridge is a territory of Pakistan | Saltoro Ridge | 2024-10-09 | https://chandrashekharasandprints.wordpress.com/2012/09/03/why-should-india-keep-holding-the-saltoro-ridge/ | On the map, Saltoro ridge appears like a dagger and in geopolitical terms it is indeed a dagger, sturck deep into the territories held by Pakistan and which belonged to erstwhile Jammu & Kashmir state of British India. Saltoro mountains are perhaps not high as great spurs of Saser Muztagh range, but still most of them in the north, have heights around 20 to 22K range. The Indian Army posts on Saltoro range, give them a commanding position as they can look deep into territory held by Pakistan towards west and north. In fact the entire region north of Saltoro is mountainous and inhospitable right up to the Hunza valley, where Pakistan and China have built a road jointly. [...] The terrain surrounding Saltoro ridge is such that the Baltistan region west of it, is subject to regular landslides and avalanches. Only recently, a major disaster had struck Pakistan army HQ in the region killing 126 soldiers. Cost of holding terrain west of Saltoro ridge in Baltistan is becoming unreasonably high for Pakistan without any untenable gains. Pakistan’s keenness for a accord, essentially stems out from this hard fact. For India, the gains of holding Saltoro are so apparent and Indian soldiers are also well dug in there in a very commanding position. | 2012-09-03 | Pakistan | false | true | insufficient-supports |
borderlines-229_ret_bn_g18 | borderlines-229 | - | Saltoro Ridge is a territory of Pakistan | Saltoro Ridge | 2024-10-09 | https://vocal.media/history/opration-meghdoot | The Siachen Glacier became a bone of contention following a vague demarcation of territories in the Karachi Agreement of July 1949 which did not exactly specify who had authority over the Siachen Glacier area. Indian interpretation was that Pakistan territory extended only to about the Saltoro Ridge, where the territorial line's route after the last demarcated Point NJ9842 was "thence north to the glaciers." Pakistan interpretation was that their territory continued northeast from Point NJ9842 to the Karakoram Pass. As a result, both nations claimed the barren heights and the Siachen Glacier. [...] The operation resulted in India gaining the 70 kilometers long Siachen Glacier and all of its tributary glaciers, as well as the three main passes on the Saltoro Ridge immediately west of the glacier; Sia La, Bilafond La, and Gyong La. Thus, giving India the tactical advantage of holding higher grounds. The AGPL runs roughly along the Saltoro Ridge which extends nearly 120 kilometers from Point NJ9842 to the Shaksgam Tract (a part of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir; which Pakistan had illegally ceded to China in 1963). | 2024-06-29 | Pakistan | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-229_ret_bn_g2 | borderlines-229 | - | Saltoro Ridge is a territory of Pakistan | Saltoro Ridge | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actual_Ground_Position_Line | The Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL) divides current positions of Indian and Pakistani military posts and troops along the entire 110 kilometres (68 mi) long frontline in the disputed region of Siachen Glacier.[1][2][3][4] AGPL generally runs along the Saltoro Mountains range, beginning from the northernmost point of the (LOC) at Point NJ 9842 and ending in the north on the Indira Ridge at the India-China-Pakistan LAC tripoint near Sia Kangri about 4 km (2.5 mi) northwest of Indira Col West, with peaks in excess of 7,000 m (23,000 ft) and temperatures ranging to around −55 °C (−67 °F).[5][6] India gained control of 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2) of disputed territory in 1984 because of its military operations in Siachen.[7][8] A cease-fire was announced in 2003.[9][10][11] [...] Indian Army posts are along the Saltoro Ridge, west of the main Siachen glacier, along a line roughly connecting Gyong La, Bilafond La, Sia La, and Indira Col. Pakistan controls the region west of Saltoro Ridge.[6] India has more than 50 military posts across the length of AGPL which are located almost 3,000 ft above Pakistani posts,[6] with 80 km line of sight visibility range in the clear weather. The Indian soldiers hold on to the heights on the ridge, preventing the Pakistani soldiers from climbing up to the Saltoro Range heights.[16] | 2024-08-14 | Pakistan | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-23_ret_b3_gn | borderlines-23 | - | Chagos Archipelago is a territory of Maldives | Chagos Archipelago | 2024-10-09 | https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20151203-an-exiled-island-turned-private-tropical-paradise | While its former population fights to return home, the Chagos islands are experiencing a remarkable rebounding of wildlife on a reef that’s considered the most pristine in the world. [...] Salomon Atoll is the kind of fabled stop that travellers sail halfway around the world to reach. It’s found south of the Maldives in the north eastern part of the Chagos Archipelago, a region of the British Indian Ocean Territory that encompasses seven atolls and more than 60 low-lying islands. Off most people's radar, the best known island in Chagos is Diego Garcia, a US military base 100 nautical miles south of Ile Takamaka. [...] It's a strange thing to be permitted to use the nation of an exiled people as your private tropical playground. And as we made our way around Ile Takamaka, scrambling over trees and wading through the warm ocean, I was struck by the lushness of the place. In 2010, the UK government created a marine protected area that turned the waters surrounding the Chagos Archipelago into the world’s largest marine reserve. The reason for its creation was, in part, a cynical one, as the highly regulated "no-take zone" means that Chagossians can’t fish commercially and acts as yet another hurdle to keep them out. | 2022-02-25 | Maldives | false | true | insufficient-supports |
borderlines-23_ret_b6_gn | borderlines-23 | - | Chagos Archipelago is a territory of Maldives | Chagos Archipelago | 2024-10-09 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago | The Chagos Archipelago (/ˈtʃɑːɡoʊs/ or /ˈtʃɑːɡəs/) or Chagos Islands (formerly the Bassas de Chagas,[1] and later the Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls in the Indian Ocean. The atolls are made up of more than 60 individual islands. The islands are located about 500 kilometres (310 mi) south of Maldives. The International community has a strong consensus that the islands are part of Mauritius, but nevertheless, they remain illegally occupied by the United Kingdom, which rents out the islands to the US for a military base. On 25 February 2019, in an advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice found that the United Kingdom illegally separated the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius after its independence in 1968. The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on May 22, 2019, commanding Great Britain to return the Chagos Archipelago to the Republic of Mauritius within six months, which would allow Chagossians to recover their land, but Great Britain refused to comply. | 2024-10-03 | Maldives | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-230_ret_b0_g0 | borderlines-230 | - | Sir Creek is a territory of Pakistan | Sir Creek | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Creek | Sir Creek (/sər ˈkrik/ sər KREEK), originally Ban Ganga,[1] is a 96 km (60 mi) tidal estuary in the uninhabited marshlands of the Indus River Delta on the border between India and Pakistan. The creek flows into the Arabian Sea and separates Gujarat state in India from Sindh province in Pakistan.[2] The long-standing India-Pakistan Sir Creek border dispute stems from the demarcation "from the mouth of Sir Creek to the top of Sir Creek, and from the top of Sir Creek eastward to a point on the line designated on the Western Terminus".[2][3] From this point onward, the boundary is unambiguously fixed as defined by the Tribunal Award of 1968.[4] [...] Sir Creek lies just to the west of the Great Rann of Kutch area of India. On the Indian side, Sir Creek is one of the six main creeks in this area, the others being Vian Wari Creek (Vianbari and Viyanbari), Pir Sanai, Pabevari, Padala (16 km (9.9 mi) southeast from Sir Creek), and easternmost Kori (34 km (21 mi) southeast from Sir Creek).[7][5] All of these creeks are within the undisputed territory of India, except the westernmost creek, Sir Creek, which is claimed by both India and Pakistan. These evershifting creeks exit Indian territory, enter Pakistan, re-enter India, and vice versa, creating a hard-to-patrol, marshy wetland border with no physical barrier or fencing.[5] | 2024-09-28 | Pakistan | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-230_ret_b2_gn | borderlines-230 | - | Sir Creek is a territory of Pakistan | Sir Creek | 2024-10-09 | https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/explained-sir-creek-dispute/ | Sir Creek - Sir Creek is a 96-km strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. Originally named Ban Ganga, Sir Creek is named after a British representative. [...] - Pakistan, however, claims that Sir Creek isn’t navigable but India claims that since it’s navigable in high tide, the boundary should be drawn from the mid channel. [...] - Apart from the strategic location, Sir Creek’s core importance is fishing resources. Sir Creek is considered to be among the largest fishing grounds in Asia. | 2020-05-07 | Pakistan | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-230_ret_bn_g4 | borderlines-230 | - | Sir Creek is a territory of Pakistan | Sir Creek | 2024-10-09 | https://www.indiasentinels.com/capf/at-sir-creek-pakistan-stalls-indias-infrastructure-push-but-beefs-up-its-own-reports-say-5849 | New Delhi: Pakistan has been beefing up its infrastructure in the disputed Sir Creek region near the international border in Gujarat, according to at least two news reports this week. This comes at a time when India ceased its own infrastructure-building activities in its own territory after Islamabad raised objections. [...] The Sir Creek dispute is a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over a 98-kilometre creek in a marshy and uninhabited region in the Rann of Kutch along the border of India’s Gujarat state and Pakistan’s Sindh province. [...] Over the years, India and Pakistan have engaged in several rounds of negotiations and discussions to resolve the Sir Creek dispute. These efforts have involved the exchange of maps, surveys, and field visits to the disputed area. However, the two countries have, so far, failed to arrive at a mutually acceptable agreement to resolve the dispute. | 2023-05-16 | Pakistan | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-231_ret_b2_gn | borderlines-231 | - | Sir Creek is a territory of India | Sir Creek | 2024-10-09 | https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/explained-sir-creek-dispute/ | Sir Creek - Sir Creek is a 96-km strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. Originally named Ban Ganga, Sir Creek is named after a British representative. [...] The Genesis - The marshland of Sir Creek first became disputed in the early 20th century when the Rao of Kutch and the Chief Commissioner of Sindh Province of British India, due to different perceptions of the boundaries, laid claims over the creek. [...] - Pakistan, however, claims that Sir Creek isn’t navigable but India claims that since it’s navigable in high tide, the boundary should be drawn from the mid channel. | 2020-05-07 | India | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-231_ret_bn_g17 | borderlines-231 | - | Sir Creek is a territory of India | Sir Creek | 2024-10-09 | https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-building-permanent-bunkers-for-bsf-at-gujarat-creek-along-pakistan-border/article66330116.ece | For the first time, India is constructing "permanent vertical bunkers" of concrete to station BSF troops right at the strategically significant Sir Creek and 'Harami Nalla' marshy area along the India-Pakistan International Border in Gujarat, official sources said. [...] While three pylon-shaped towers are coming up in the Sir Creek area, a 4,050 sq km marshy area between India and Pakistan, five such concrete structures will be constructed by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) along the 'harami nalla' area spread across 900 sq km, sources said. [...] Sir Creek is a 98-km disputed territory between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands, which opens up into the Arabian Sea. It divides the Kutch region of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan. The two countries have been holding talks to resolve issues related to the border dispute here. | 2023-01-02 | India | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-232_ret_b0_g1 | borderlines-232 | - | Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Myanmar | Three Pagodas Pass | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Pagodas_Pass | Three Pagodas Pass (Phlone ကၠံင်သိုင့်ဖၠုံးလါင့်ဆေါတ်ဖိုင်သာ့; Burmese: ဘုရားသုံးဆူ တောင်ကြားလမ်း, Paya Thon Zu Taung Za Lang, Burmese pronunciation: [pʰajá θóʊɰ̃ zù tàʊɰ̃ dʑá láɰ̃]; Thai: ด่านเจดีย์สามองค์, RTGS: Dan Chedi Sam Ong, Thai pronunciation: [dàːn tɕeːdiː sǎːm ʔoŋ]) is a pass in the Tenasserim Hills on the border between Thailand and Myanmar (Burma), at an elevation of 282 metres (925 ft). The pass links the town of Sangkhla Buri in the north of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, to the town of Payathonsu in the south of Kayin State, Myanmar. [...] Tourism [edit]Three Pagodas Pass is popular with tourists, who are allowed to obtain a one-day visa from the Thai side to visit Payathonsu. Attractions on the Burmese side include wooden furniture, jade carvings, and textiles. Thai tourists are allowed in as of 2011, while other tourists are not, due to its status as a temporary border checkpoint which only allows day trips between the two neighbouring countries.[9][10] [...] References [edit]- ^ Three Pagodas Pass, Encyclopædia Britannica - ^ a b Thailand Highlight - ^ a b "Battle erupts in Myanmar opposite Three Pagodas Pass". Bangkok Post. 25 April 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2022. | 2024-09-04 | Myanmar | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
borderlines-232_ret_b4_gn | borderlines-232 | - | Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Myanmar | Three Pagodas Pass | 2024-10-09 | https://thebear.travel/289/Three-Pagodas-Pass:-A-Symbol-of-Peace-in-Kanchanaburi | The Three Pagodas Pass is named after three small, crumbling stupas or chedis, probably built at the end of the Ayutthaya period, as a symbol of peace. Three Pagodas Pass is located in the Tenasserim Hillson, the border between Thailand and Myanmar (Burma), at 282 meters (925 feet). The Pass links the town of Sangkhlaburi, north of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, to Payathonzu, south of Kayin State, Myanmar. [...] Three Pagodas Pass is located in the historical area, the path connecting Thailand and Myanmar. | 2024-01-01 | Myanmar | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-233_ret_b0_g0 | borderlines-233 | - | Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Thailand | Three Pagodas Pass | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Pagodas_Pass | Three Pagodas Pass (Phlone ကၠံင်သိုင့်ဖၠုံးလါင့်ဆေါတ်ဖိုင်သာ့; Burmese: ဘုရားသုံးဆူ တောင်ကြားလမ်း, Paya Thon Zu Taung Za Lang, Burmese pronunciation: [pʰajá θóʊɰ̃ zù tàʊɰ̃ dʑá láɰ̃]; Thai: ด่านเจดีย์สามองค์, RTGS: Dan Chedi Sam Ong, Thai pronunciation: [dàːn tɕeːdiː sǎːm ʔoŋ]) is a pass in the Tenasserim Hills on the border between Thailand and Myanmar (Burma), at an elevation of 282 metres (925 ft). The pass links the town of Sangkhla Buri in the north of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, to the town of Payathonsu in the south of Kayin State, Myanmar. [...] Tourism [edit]Three Pagodas Pass is popular with tourists, who are allowed to obtain a one-day visa from the Thai side to visit Payathonsu. Attractions on the Burmese side include wooden furniture, jade carvings, and textiles. Thai tourists are allowed in as of 2011, while other tourists are not, due to its status as a temporary border checkpoint which only allows day trips between the two neighbouring countries.[9][10] [...] External links [edit]- Media related to Three Pagodas Pass at Wikimedia Commons - Three Pagodas Pass travel guide from Wikivoyage - Thailand By Train: Kanchanaburi and the River Kwai - Thailand Travel Guide for Kanchanaburi | 2024-09-04 | Thailand | false | true | insufficient-neutral |
borderlines-233_ret_b12_gn | borderlines-233 | - | Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Thailand | Three Pagodas Pass | 2024-10-09 | https://wikitravel.org/en/Three_Pagodas_Pass | Three Pagodas Pass (Thai: ด่านเจดีย์สามองค์ Darn Chedi Sam Ong) is on the Thai-Myanmar border but accessible to foreigners only from the Thai side. It is located between Sangkhlaburi in Thailand and Payathonzu in Myanmar. [...] From Myanmar: the nearest town is Payathonzu, however foreigners can only get there using the border crossing from Thailand. As of 24th December 2014, the border crossing at Three Pagodas Pass is open to Thai citizens but NOT open to foreigners. [...] Since 2007 the Thai-Myanmar border at the Three Pagodas Pass is closed for foreigners. The information below is only useful when autorities decide to re-open the border. | 2021-10-23 | Thailand | false | true | insufficient-refutes |
borderlines-233_ret_b8_g10 | borderlines-233 | - | Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Thailand | Three Pagodas Pass | 2024-10-09 | https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Three_Pagodas_Pass | Three Pagodas Pass (Thai: ด่านเจดีย์สามองค์ Darn Chedi Sam Ong) is on the Thai-Myanmar border, but accessible to foreigners only from the Thai side. It is between Sangkhlaburi in Thailand and Payathonzu in Myanmar. Understand [edit]Three Pagodas Pass was for centuries on the main land route between India and South East Asia. The strategic location was last exploited during World War II by the Japanese, who used POW labour to build the infamous Death Railway to ferry supplies to Burma from Bangkok. [...] From Myanmar: the nearest town is Payathonzu, however foreigners can only get there using the border crossing from Thailand. The border crossing at Three Pagodas Pass is in a state of flux, but was reopened in 2010. As of Jan 2012 it was open to Thai citizens, but not to foreigners. | 2022-04-25 | Thailand | false | true | insufficient-contradictory |
Subsets and Splits