danish-foundation-models/danish-dynaword

🧨 Danish Dynaword

Version	1.2.8 (Changelog)
Language	dan, dansk, Danish
License	Openly Licensed, See the respective dataset
Models	For model trained used this data see danish-foundation-models
Contact	If you have question about this project please create an issue here

Dataset Description

• Number of samples: 5.55M
• Number of tokens (Llama 3): 5.83B
• Average document length in tokens (min, max): 1.05K (2, 9.81M)

Dataset Summary

The Danish dynaword is a collection of Danish free-form text datasets from various domains. All of the datasets in Danish Dynaword are openly licensed and deemed permissible for training large language models.

Danish Dynaword is continually developed, which means that the dataset will actively be updated as new datasets become available. If you would like to contribute a dataset see the contribute section.

Loading the dataset

from datasets import load_dataset

name = "danish-foundation-models/danish-dynaword"
ds = load_dataset(name, split = "train")
sample = ds[1] # see "Data Instances" below

or load it by streaming the data

ds = load_dataset(name, split = "train", streaming=True)
dataset_iter = iter(ds)
sample = next(iter(dataset_iter))

You can also load a single subset at a time:

ds = load_dataset(name, "adl", split = "train")

As Danish Dynaword is continually expanding and curated you can make sure that you get the same dataset every time by specifying the revision: You can also load a single subset at a time:

ds = load_dataset(name, revision="{desired revision}")

Languages

This dataset includes the following languages:

• Danish (dan-Latn) as we as the dialects Bornholmsk (dan-Latn-bornholm) and Synderjysk (dan-Latn-synnejyl)

In addition it likely contains small amounts of English due to code-switching and Norwegian due to the historical relation between the two languages and language misclassificaitons due to their similarity.

Language is denoted using BCP-47, using the langauge code ISO 639-3 and the script code ISO 15924. The third element denote the region variant.

Domains

This dynaword consist of data from various domains (e.g., legal, books, social media). The following table and figure give an overview of the relative distributions of these domains. To see a full overview of the source check out the source data section

Domain	Sources	N. Tokens
Legal	cellar, eur-lex-sum-da, fm-udgivelser, retsinformationdk, skat, retspraksis, domsdatabasen	2.32B
News	enevaeldens_nyheder, ncc_newspaper, tv2r, nordjyllandnews	1.09B
Books	grundtvig, ncc_books, memo, adl, wikibooks, jvj, gutenberg, relig	732.52M
Conversation	danske-taler, opensubtitles, ep, ft, spont, naat	497.09M
Social Media	hest	389.32M
Other	ncc_parliament, dannet, depbank, synne	340.59M
Web	ai-aktindsigt, ncc_maalfrid, miljoeportalen	295.87M
Encyclopedic	wikisource, wiki	127.35M
Medical	health_hovedstaden	27.07M
Readaloud	nota	7.30M
Dialect	botxt	847.97K
Total		5.83B

Licensing

The following gives an overview of the licensing in the Dynaword. To get the exact license of the individual datasets check out the overview table. These license is applied to the constituent data, i.e., the text. The collection of datasets (metadata, quality control, etc.) is licensed under CC-0.

License	Sources	N. Tokens
CC-BY-SA 4.0	cellar, enevaeldens_nyheder, eur-lex-sum-da, fm-udgivelser, memo, tv2r, jvj, depbank	2.41B
CC-0	grundtvig, danske-taler, ncc_books, ncc_newspaper, miljoeportalen, opensubtitles, ep, ft, wikisource, spont, adl, hest, skat, retspraksis, wikibooks, botxt, naat, synne, wiki, nordjyllandnews, relig, nota, health_hovedstaden	2.00B
Other (No attribution required)	retsinformationdk, domsdatabasen	904.61M
Other (Attribution required)	ai-aktindsigt, ncc_maalfrid, ncc_parliament, dannet, gutenberg	515.61M
Total		5.83B

Dataset Structure

The dataset contains text from different sources which are thoroughly defined in Source Data.

Data Instances

Each entry in the dataset consists of a single text with associated metadata

{
  "carat": 0.22,
  "depth": 65.1,
  "table": 61.0,
  "price": 337,
  "x": 3.87,
  "y": 3.78,
  "z": 2.49,
  "cut": "Fair",
  "color": "E",
  "clarity": "VS2"
}

Data Fields

An entry in the dataset consists of the following fields:

• id (str): An unique identifier for each document.
• text(str): The content of the document.
• source (str): The source of the document (see Source Data).
• added (str): An date for when the document was added to this collection.
• created (str): An date range for when the document was originally created.
• token_count (int): The number of tokens in the sample computed using the Llama 8B tokenizer

Data Splits

The entire corpus is provided in the train split.

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

These datasets were collected and curated with the intention of making openly license Danish data available. While this was collected with the intention of developing language models it is likely to have multiple other uses such as examining language development and differences across domains.

Annotations

This data generally contains no annotation besides the metadata attached to each sample such as what domain it belongs to.

Source Data

Below follows a brief overview of the sources in the corpus along with their individual license. To get more information about the individual dataset click the hyperlink in the table.

Overview Table (click to unfold)

You can learn more about each dataset by pressing the link in the first column.

Source	Description	Domain	N. Tokens	License
cellar	The official digital repository for European Union legal documents and open data	Legal	1.15B	CC-BY-SA 4.0
enevaeldens_nyheder	High quality OCR'd texts from Danish and Norwegian newspapers during the period of constitutional absolutism in Denmark (1660–1849)	News	1.03B	CC-BY-SA 4.0
retsinformationdk	retsinformation.dk (legal-information.dk) the official legal information system of Denmark	Legal	818.25M	Danish Copyright Law
ncc_books	Danish books extracted from the Norwegian Colossal Corpus derived from OCR	Books	531.97M	CC-0
hest	Samples from the Danish debate forum www.heste-nettet.dk	Social Media	389.32M	CC-0
ncc_parliament	Collections from the Norwegian parliament in Danish. Extracted from the Norwegian Colossal Corpus derived from ocr	Other	338.87M	NLOD 2.0
opensubtitles	Danish subsection of OpenSubtitles	Conversation	271.60M	CC-0
ai-aktindsigt	Multiple web scrapes from municipality websites collected as a part of the AI-aktindsigt project	Web	139.23M	Apache 2.0
miljoeportalen	Data from Danmarks Miljøportalen (Denmark's Environment Portal)	Web	127.38M	CC-0
skat	Skat is the Danish tax authority. This dataset contains content from its website skat.dk	Legal	122.11M	CC-0
wiki	The Danish subsection of wikipedia	Encyclopedic	122.00M	CC-0
ft	Records from all meetings of The Danish parliament (Folketinget) in the parliament hall	Conversation	114.09M	CC-0
memo	The MeMo corpus comprising almost all Danish novels from the period 1870-1899, known as the Modern Breakthrough	Books	113.74M	CC-BY-SA 4.0
ep	The Danish subsection of Europarl	Conversation	100.84M	CC-0
domsdatabasen	Domsdatabasen.dk is a public database containing selected judgments from the Danish courts	Legal	86.35M	Danish Copyright Law
adl	Danish literature from 1700-2023 from the Archive for Danish Literature (ADL)	Books	58.49M	CC-0
retspraksis	Case law or judical practice in Denmark derived from Retspraksis	Legal	56.26M	CC-0
fm-udgivelser	The official publication series of the Danish Ministry of Finance containing economic analyses, budget proposals, and fiscal policy documents	Legal	50.34M	CC-BY-SA 4.0
nordjyllandnews	Articles from the Danish Newspaper TV2 Nord	News	37.90M	CC-0
eur-lex-sum-da	The Danish subsection of EUR-lex SUM consisting of EU legislation paired with professionally written summaries	Legal	31.37M	CC-BY-SA 4.0
ncc_maalfrid	Danish content from Norwegian institutions websites	Web	29.26M	NLOD 2.0
health_hovedstaden	Guidelines and informational documents for healthcare professionals from the Capital Region	Medical	27.07M	CC-0
tv2r	Contemporary Danish newswire articles published between 2010 and 2019	News	21.67M	CC-BY-SA 4.0
grundtvig	The complete collection of Grundtvig (1783-1872) one of Denmark’s most influential figures	Books	10.53M	CC-0
danske-taler	Danish Speeches from dansketaler.dk	Conversation	8.72M	CC-0
nota	The text only part of the Nota lyd- og tekstdata dataset	Readaloud	7.30M	CC-0
gutenberg	The Danish subsection from Project Gutenberg	Books	6.76M	Gutenberg
wikibooks	The Danish Subsection of Wikibooks	Books	6.24M	CC-0
wikisource	The Danish subsection of Wikisource	Encyclopedic	5.34M	CC-0
jvj	The works of the Danish author and poet, Johannes V. Jensen	Books	3.55M	CC-BY-SA 4.0
spont	Conversational samples collected as a part of research projects at Aarhus University	Conversation	1.56M	CC-0
dannet	DanNet is a Danish WordNet	Other	1.48M	DanNet 1.0
relig	Danish religious text from the 1700-2022	Books	1.24M	CC-0
ncc_newspaper	OCR'd Newspapers derived from NCC	News	1.05M	CC-0
botxt	The Bornholmsk Ordbog Dictionary Project	Dialect	847.97K	CC-0
naat	Danish speeches from 1930-2022	Conversation	286.68K	CC-0
depbank	The Danish subsection of the Universal Dependencies Treebank	Other	185.45K	CC-BY-SA 4.0
synne	Dataset collected from synnejysk forening's website, covering the Danish dialect sønderjysk	Other	52.02K	CC-0
Total			5.83B

Data Collection and Processing

Danish Dynaword is continually developed, which means that the dataset will actively be updated as new datasets become available. This means that the size of Dynaword increases over time as seen in the following plot:

The data collection and processing varies depending on the dataset and is documentationed the individual datasheets, which is linked in the above table. If possible the collection is documented both in the datasheet and in the reproducible script (data/{dataset}/create.py).

In addition to data specific processing we also run a series automated quality checks to ensure formatting (e.g. ensuring correctly formatted columns and unique IDs), quality checks (e.g. duplicate and empty string detection) and datasheet documentation checks. These checks are there to ensure a high quality of documentation and a minimal level of quality. To allow for the development of novel cleaning methodologies we do not provide more extensive cleaning.

Dataset Statistics

The following plot(s) are intended to give an overview of docuements length in the various sources.

Contributing to the dataset

We welcome contributions to the dataset, including new sources, improved data filtering, and other enhancements. To get started on contributing, please see the contribution guidelines

Citation Information

If you use this work, please cite the scientific article, we recommend citing the following:

Enevoldsen, K.C., Jensen, K.N., Kostkan, J., Szab'o, B.I., Kardos, M., Vad, K., Heinsen, J., N'unez, A.B., Barmina, G., Nielsen, J., Larsen, R., Vahlstrup, P.B., Dalum, P.M., Elliott, D., Galke, L., Schneider-Kamp, P., & Nielbo, K.L. (2025). Dynaword: From One-shot to Continuously Developed Datasets.

@article{enevoldsen2025dynaword,
  title={Dynaword: From One-shot to Continuously Developed Datasets},
  author={Enevoldsen, Kenneth and Jensen, Kristian N{\o}rgaard and Kostkan, Jan and Szab{\'o}, Bal{\'a}zs and Kardos, M{\'a}rton and Vad, Kirten and N{\'u}{\~n}ez, Andrea Blasi and Barmina, Gianluca and Nielsen, Jacob and Larsen, Rasmus and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.02271},
  year={2025}
}

Additionally, we recommend citing the relevant source datasets as well. See the individual datasheets for more information.

License information

The license for each constituent dataset is supplied in the Source data table. This license is applied to the constituent data, i.e., the text. The collection of datasets (metadata, quality control, etc.) is licensed under CC-0.

Personal and Sensitive Information

As far as we are aware the dataset does not contain information identifying sexual orientation, political beliefs, religion, or health connected with utterer ID. In case that such information is present in the data we have been removed utterer information from social media content.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

Certain works in this collection are historical works and thus reflect the linguistic, cultural, and ideological norms of their time. As such, it includes perspectives, assumptions, and biases characteristic of the period. For instance, the works of N.F.S. Grundtvig (grundtvig) were known to nationalistic views and critical stances toward specific groups, such as Germans, which may be considered offensive or exclusionary by contemporary standards.

Notice and takedown policy

We redistribute files shared with us under a license permitting such redistribution. If you have concerns about the licensing of these files, please contact us. If you consider that the data contains material that infringe your copyright, please:

• Clearly identify yourself with detailed contact information such as an address, a telephone number, or an email address at which you can be contacted.
• Clearly reference the original work claimed to be infringed
• Clearly identify the material claimed to be infringing and information reasonably sufficient to allow us to locate the material. You can contact us through this channel. We will comply with legitimate requests by removing the affected sources from the next release of the corpus

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A Danish Foundation Models dataset