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Apologies if this question has been posted somewhere else, but I have not managed to find an answer that works for me. I am trying to create a bibliography using Harvard style, using BibDesk to create the .bib file, and Biber and BibLatex. However, the bibliography contains the DOI, the URL, the ISSN, a further e-print URL - all things I do not want. My question is: is there a way to delete these fields in BibDesk, so that they are absent in the .bib file? | 1 |
I came across this problem in my textbook, and I don't understand why the answer is 'as' and not 'that'. "We are attracted to people who have a sense of humor, who can laugh at the same things ____ we laugh at." In the sentence above, the word that goes in the blank is 'as' according to the textbook. Could someone explain why? Thank you in advance. | 1 |
I want to apply the Biot-Savart law to calculate the magnetic field at a point created by current flowing through a square/rectangular conductor. More specifically, a trace on a printed circuit board. To me, a trace on a circuit board is the summation of many infinitesimal rectangular conductors. I have seen lots of examples for a wire (circular conductor), but not rectangular. How should I go about getting started with this problem? | 1 |
I just came across the following sentence in the book "The theory of everything": If one keeps traveling in a certain direction on the surface of the Earth, one never comes up against an impassable barrier or falls over the edge, but eventually comes back to where one started. Using multiple "one"s repeatedly in a sentence sounds odd to me. Since I found it in a reputable book, I am wondering whether it sounds good to the ears of a native English speaker. Wouldn't it be better to replace the second and third "one" with "he", "she" or "they"? | 1 |
Definition: dilemma a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially ones that are equally undesirable. a difficult situation or problem. Source: Google. Example sentence: The dilemma of modern life: trying to find an outlet outside of your house. I guess this sentence fits the second definition. So is it correct? (Or should I use another word instead?) | 1 |
When someone has unreasonable expectations and feels that he is owed by others, this trait is described as a "sense of entitlement". But how do you refer to the person who has this trait other than calling him "a person with a sense of entitlement"? If there is no single word to describe this kind of character, can you suggest a few equivalent phrases for "a person with a sense of entitlement"? | 1 |
Let's say I want to describe a habit in the past (something that happened many times over and over again) in the form of a conditional statement. Is the following sentence grammatically correct? If I forgot to do my homework, I would pretend the dog ate it. Or is it If I had forgotten to do my homework, I would pretend the dog ate it. Or is there another, more correct form? | 1 |
I have been trying to understand the notion of parallel transport and covariant derivative. I am unable to see why the change in a vector when it is parallel transported from one point to another shouldn't be a vector. If it is, why isn't the Levi-Cevita connection not a tensor ? Hence my questions are : What is a connection geometrically ? What is parallel transport in a particular coordinate system geometrically ? | 1 |
I need some help with the following question: In the game of "odd man out" each player tosses a fair coin. If all the coins turn up the same except for one, the player tossing the different coin is declared the odd man out and is eliminated from the contest. Suppose that three people are playing. What is the probability that someone will be eliminated on the first round? Hint: use the complement. | 1 |
I've just switched from mac to windows and have just started using TeXworks. I like it, but I find that the default pdf viewer is difficult to use. For example, there doesn't seem to be a key command for going to the bottom or top of the current page; I can't view pages continuously; spacebar does nothing for navigation; and trackpad functionality appears to be broken (scrolling with the trackpad causes the pages to jump around in a seemingly random fashion). Is there a list of key commands somewhere? Or is there a way of using a different default pdf viewer? | 1 |
What are the advantages and disadvantages of piecewise linear interpolation, cubic interpolation, and cubic spline interpolation? I know that piecewise linear interpolation is not smooth and may not be accurate for nonlinear functions. The other two are smooth. But I think my understanding is a little superficial. Especially the difference between the cubic interpolation and cubic spline though I know how to compute them. Could someone help me understanding the advantages and disadvantages of these three? Thanks so much! | 1 |
While reading my copy of "Resnick and Halliday", I noticed that the book has made a distinction b/w the terms " degree celsius" and "celsius degree". When I googled this, I was able to find only one matching hit(on the first page), which stated that while degree celsius is the unit for the measured temperature, celsius degree is the unit of the difference in temperature. Is this correct? Please share your knowledge and help me. | 1 |
A single toss of a fair coin cannot be predicted. But if we observe a large number of tosses, we can prove mathematically the law that roughly half of them will show up heads. The movements of individual molecules in a gas cannot be predicted and can be assumed to be random. But if we observe some macroscopic phenomena such as temperature or pressure, we can prove mathematically that some laws are satisfied. Individual quantum events are random. But if we observe a large number of such events, we discover experimentally that they satisfy the laws of quantum mechanics. Could the laws of quantum mechanics be proved mathematically as in the examples above? | 1 |
Here's what I know about dark matter: Astrophysicists realized the movements of galaxies and other astronomical bodies cannot be explained by the gravitational effects of matter known to be there, so either there is a lot of matter missing that doesn't react with light or general relativity needs to be fixed. For the purpose of this question, assume the former. I've read that this "dark matter" can't be composed of baryons (quarks and leptons). My question is how do we know that it can't be baryonic? After all, air is invisible. Maybe that's a bad analogy, but you get my point: Why can't there be matter that is invisible, yet composed of baryons? | 1 |
So, I have been solving a number of exercises involving contraction mapping. However, I am struggling to understand what exactly contraction mapping is at its most basic. All I really understand from the concept is that if we have two sets, then one specific point on the set is being mapped closer to another - I'm not sure if I have the right definition. Can somebody please explain this to me in the most layman way possible? | 1 |
I was trying to understand the undecidable nature of the continuum hypothesis and came up with the following question: The set of circles with a rational diameter is countably infinite (with cardinality equal to the cardinality of integers). The set of circles with a rational circumference is countably infinite (with cardinality equal to the cardinality of integers). The cardinality of the union of these sets is clearly smaller than the uncountable set of irrational numbers, but why isn't it larger than the set of countable integers? | 1 |
I often hear about string theory and its complicated mathematical structure as a physical theory, but I can't say that I've ever actually seen any of the related math. In general, I'm curious as to what the mathematics of string theory look like, can anyone point me to some references? In specific, I want to know if there is a fundamental equation in string theory that is assumed as a starting point for most problems, something comparable to Newton's second law in mechanics or the Schrodinger equation in QM? | 1 |
Recently, I am studying the online course Effective Field Theory provided by MIT OCW. Prof. Stewart gives a nice picture to summarize the effective theories: As a newbie in this field (I only have a knowledge of QFT on the level of Peskin & Schroeder's book), I am quite confused with so many terminologies. What do they stand for and Why do we need these different theories? Could someone explain this picture in depth (especially on their advantages and limitations)? Any help will be greatly appreciated. | 1 |
When a solid object moves in the atmosphere (e.g. a plane), in which direction does air fill up the "empty space" left by the translation of the object? Does this depends on the direction of movement of the object? (e.g. if the plane is moving horizontally, or is landing, or taking off) PS: I am aware of this question and I think this is not a duplicate of that one. | 1 |
Here in Pittsburgh, we have lots of "Let's go Steelers!" (and some diehards who also say "Let's go Bucs!", but they're dying out). What does that phrase even imply? I assume it's similar to "Go Steelers", which I'm also not sure of the implications. "Go Steelers... to victory!" is a very strange way to phrase the sentence. Does anyone know where this phrase comes from? | 1 |
I was trying to describe my friend as being someone who gets upset in the absence of immediate gratification, but couldn't think of a good word. A good example would be someone who comes back from the gym and takes off their shirt expecting to look fit after one session. Is there a word to describe someone that does this? The closest I could think of was "impatient", but that doesn't quite pin down the meaning. | 1 |
I was wondering how this phrase sounds in English: She is a little bit shy. In my country the people say "a little bit" a lot, and sometimes they use it wrong. I have the impression that in US (or even in other countries where English is spoken), people prefer to be more specific saying "She is shy". Anyway, I don't want to be misunderstood, can you tell me if the above phrase sounds awkward, and in which situations I can use "a little bit" without problem. | 1 |
I know that Galois Theory can be used to answer the following question: Why is there no formula for the roots of a fifth (or higher) degree polynomial equation in terms of the coefficients of the polynomial, using only the usual algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and application of radicals (square roots, cube roots, etc)? Can real analysis be used also to answer this question (e.g using the intermediate value theorem, etc..)? Is there some sort of connection between real analysis and galois theory? | 1 |
My sentence is as follows: I lodged a complaint with Acme Corporation, a private entity. Does it need to be changed into: I lodged a complaint with Acme Corporation, which was a private entity. I appreciate the meaning between the two sentences is slightly different. I would just like to know if the first sentence is grammatically correct. It looks correct to me but I have been told that only the second version is grammatically correct. Is there a 'rule' governing this situation that I can reference? | 1 |
Does one need to invoke quantum mechanics to explain Casimir or van der Waals forces? I see that textbooks show derivations of van der Waal forces with no QM but the Casimir force is typically described within QM. Additional questions I have are: Is there a difference between van der Waals and Casimir forces? Are there distinct examples of these two forces in real life? Is there a way to prove a given force is van der Waal and not Casimir or vice versa? | 1 |
This question on a different SE site asks the question of what the etymology of the word "Xenomorph" is, and the consensus, from the comments at least, is that it has none - that it was purely invented for that movie. My question is, is this true? Did this word purely exist as a creation of the movies, as a portmanteau of two separate words? Or is there an origint that dates back to before the creation of these movies? I realize this is the ELU stack exchange, so I don't expect a detailed explanation of the etymological origins movie-side, I'm simply curious if there is any evidence that this word existed prior to the Alien franchise. | 1 |
I looked up the definition of a Joke on Dictionary.com which gave me this "Something said or done to provoke laughter or cause amusement, as a witticism, a short and amusing anecdote, or a prankish act." If someone had the intention to make a joke but failed to provoke laughter is it still a Joke, and if someone did not have the intention to make a joke yet it provoked laughter, does it count as a Joke. | 1 |
I proved the following statement: The composition factors of every finite solvable group are isomorphic to cylic groups of prime order. I want to use this result to prove that every two finite solvable groups of the same order have the same composition factors. If I knew that for every prime number in the decomposition of the order of the groups there is a composition factor that is cyclic of that order I would obviously be finished. However, I'm not even sure if this statement is true and I don't have a good idea on how to proceed in case the statement isn't true. Help will be appreciated! :) | 1 |
A recent paper authored by Niayesh Afshordi and Joao Magueijo is in the news claiming to challenge Einstein's theory on constancy of light speed. It says light might have travelled with a faster pace during the initial stages of Big bang which apparently sets aside the inflation hypothesis. My question is whether it actually invalidates Einstein's relativity - which depends on constancy of speed of light. Or is it only applicable to the very early universe? | 1 |
I'm writing a thesis in a scientific area, and in a draft I wrote that it was "not possible to tell which set of data is more accurate", meaning that it was not possible to tell which was closer to the true values of the thing being measured. One of my supervisors objected to this language, claiming that either one is accurate or one is not - that it's no more possible to be more or less accurate than it is to be more or less pregnant. For the purposes of this thesis I will simply avoid this phrasing, but out of curiosity: is he right? | 1 |
I have been reading up on the correct use of 'which' and 'that' but I am still struggling. I am unsure if 'must be taken regularly' is restrictive or not. Both 'which' and 'that' sound correct to me. Can someone please tell me which word is correct to use in the following sentence: Arava is a strongly recommended medication, which must be taken regularly. Arava is a strongly recommended medication that must be taken regularly. Thank you. | 1 |
I am looking for a word that describes a personality/person (not in a negative but neutral/positive way) that doesn't care abut anything, has a neutral opinion about most things, is very care free/laxed, etc. The closest I could think of is narcissist but it's not quite right. Is there such a word? I guess an example would be like "Dave doesn't care if we have a salad, a burger, or a soup for lunch, he is a/very ________." Thanks. | 1 |
Given a finite dimensional algebra, what is the exact relation between the indecomposable projective modules, and a general indecomposable module? In the case of an oriented quiver without cycles for example, it is easy to find the simples, and the indecomposable projectives. What does this tell us about a general indecomposable module? I guess the main question is, to understand the complete representation theory of a finite dimensional algebra (or let's say a quiver), what else do we need besides the simples and the projective indecomposables? | 1 |
I'm looking for an online coupled oscillation simulation. The best I have got so far is this --- https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/normal-modes/normal-modes_en.html But I'm looking for something which has more options like changing the mass of the objects, changing the spring constants, cutting off the springs. Please suggest if you have come across better simulations. PS : I apologize if this question does not belong here. I need a coupled oscillation simulator for my work. | 1 |
Are there other usages of the expression "don't ask don't tell" besides the one from its Wikipedia page? Don't ask, don't tell (DADT) is the term commonly used for the policy restricting United States military personnel from efforts to discriminate or harass closeted homosexual or bisexual service members or applicants, while barring those who are openly gay, lesbian, or bisexual from military service. Or is the expression also used in contexts not related to homosexualism in the military? | 1 |
As part of a promotion a toy is put in each packet of crisps sold. There are eight different toys available. Each toy is equally likely to be found in any packet of crisps. David buys four packets of crisps. a. Find the probability that the four toys in these packets are all different. b. Of the eight toys in the packets, his favourites are the yo-yo and the gyroscope. Find the probability that he finds at least one of his favourite toys in these four packets. I'm stumped on b. Can someone explain how to do part b to me please? | 1 |
A Group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of elements together with an operation that combines any two elements to form a third element. The operation satisfies four conditions Closure Associativity Existence of Identity Existence of Inverse Intuitively I understand the purpose of Closure and Associativity Property. But I'm not getting the intuition behind Identity and Inverse. Whats the purpose of having these elements in a group. I searched everywhere and find only common definition which are straight forward. But nobody discuss why it's important. Can anybody explain it to me. | 1 |
I recently saw a question today pertaining to Russian mathematics and I have a similar question but of a slightly different flavor. I've always heard that the Soviet Union had a history of producing influential mathematicians in geometry/topology and I'm curious if anybody knows of any worthwhile Russian texts on these subjects. I can speak Russian fluently and I'm interested in pursuing these fields and learning the perspectives of some of the old Soviet mathematicians. Would anybody know of such texts? Thank you. | 1 |
What is the trajectory of a particle in a string or a rope that goes under the effect of a wave pulse. The illustration in this image is not what I am asking about, I just attached it in order to give you an idea of the case I mean. If you give me a picture of the trajectory, I'd be grateful. Thanks in advance. | 1 |
I find typing `a word' and ``a word'' quite inconvenient, because I find it rather annoying to type ` and `` all the time. Instead, I'd prefer typing 'a word' and "a word" (which I often do when I don't pay attention, causing wrong displays). I was hoping the inputenc package would make this possible, but apparently it doesn't. Is there a solution for this? | 1 |
It is well-known that in a Noetherian UFD, every height one prime ideal is principal. I was wondering whether this statement holds if one replaces 'UFD' with 'locally factorial domain'. I am aware of the fact that 'locally factorial' in general does not imply 'factorial', i.e., 'unique factorization' (though have never come accross locally factorial domains that are not UFDs), so I believe that there is a counterexample to this. However I cannot come up with any. | 1 |
Can anyone tell the difference between these two phrasal verbs above? A soldier took the flag down from the flagpole. A soldier got the flag down from the flagpole. My father took the electric fan from the wall. My father got the electric fan from the wall. To me, these four sentences look exactly similar in meaning. In Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the phrasal verb "take down" is used as "disassemble" or "pull to pieces" :Take down the building, take a rifle down. Is it possible for the phrasal verb "get down" to be used as "disassemble"? | 1 |
I've been told that HJB equations can be solved numerically. I know very little about the subject, could someone provide a couple of comments or a reference (ideally, one that is accessible for a layman) on: What are the main numerical methods used and, roughly, how do they work? What are the limitations of the methods? For example, does the complexity scale badly with dimension? | 1 |
I'm doing some research for a book I'm writing, and, as the title implies, I'm looking to understand what happens when a supersonic jet sustains in-flight damage. Specifically, what happens to the occupants if the cockpit is breached? (I assume that this is why jet pilots wear masks?) Could a jet maintain super sonic speeds (for at least a short time) with such a breach? What would happen to a person in the cockpit without a mask if there was a cockpit breach at those speeds? Just how weird do things get at super-sonic speeds? Could a conventional airliner ever reach mach one in extreme circumstances? Many thanks! | 1 |
First of all, how exactly do you entangle two atoms? I've heard about how they entangled atoms in quantum Teleportation experiments, but I don't get how they did it. I've heard that the atoms must "interact", but what exactly does that mean? Do they have to touch? Do they have to be within a certain distance - like a foot or an inch - from each other? | 1 |
After spending some time researching about the centrifugal force, I now understand that it is needed in a non-inertial reference frame for Newton's Laws to hold true. However, I don't understand why we only feel the centrifugal force when moving in a circular path. For example, if you imagine yourself being spun around in a circle, then in your frame of reference you would feel yourself being pushed outwards. But since in your frame of reference you are stationary, the outwards force must be balanced by an inward pull (for you to remain stationary). So why would you only feel the outwards force but not the inwards force? | 1 |
I am studying elementary particle physics and I am wondering what a parton level Feynman diagram is? My understanding is that partons are representations of the quark and gluon substructure of hadrons, and so I am assuming that any diagram that has a quark or gluon qualifies as a parton-level diagram, but I cannot find any reference to it in my notes or online. Could anyone explain (with examples preferably), what a parton-level Feynman diagram is? | 1 |
There are many 'rules' on the net saying that a comma should be placed before the relative pronoun 'which' in a non-restrictive clause. (http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/relative-clauses) But would the sentence have the same meaning without the comma before the relative pronoun? Does omitting a comma before a relative pronoun change a nonrestrictive clause into a restrictive clause? For example: 'We ate the pizza, which was nice.' 'We ate the pizza which was nice.' If so does the same apply to relative pronouns other than 'which'? | 1 |
I am wondering whether there are countably many or uncountably many spanning trees of the integer lattice rooted at a particular vertex, say the origin. In a spanning tree rooted at the origin there is a unique path from each vertex to the origin. There are countably many paths to the origin for each vertex, and each spanning tree is uniquely determined by the paths for each vertex in the integer lattice. There are uncountably many ways to choose a path for each vertex, but not every choice of paths will correspond to a spanning tree, so this doesn't help in determining whether there are countably many or uncountably many. Any help would be appreciated. | 1 |
I'm taking an intro to proof via number theory class and I'm trying to prove that if a|b and b|c then a|c. So you write down there exist integers k and m such that ka = b and mb = c. Then you substitute ka in for b in the second equation and write (mk)a = c (by associative property). We know (mk) is an integer by the Closure property and so a|c. My question is, how do we know substitution is allowed (or is it not)? Is this something that can be proven from the Axioms of the Integers or something inherent in equivalence relations? Any insight would be awesome thank you! | 1 |
The reason I ask this is because I was trying to draw multiple lines in pgfplots (I was trying to make a drawing showing how Riemann sums and integrals are connected). And after unsuccessfully trying to use a for loop for an hour or so, I found this solution, which was pretty unsatisfying since it's just a workaround for this particular case. And I thought that it would have been much easier with the power of Python. So, my question is: What do I lose by switching to matplotlib? | 1 |
The difference between rational and irrational numbers is always stated as: rational numbers can be written as the ratio of two integers, and irrational numbers can't. However, why do mathematicians make a distinction between these two types of numbers? Why are integers special anyway, other than being historically significant? Is there any property that sets rational or irrational numbers apart, other than the way they are written in our number system? | 1 |
I am interested in learning about duality in convex optimization. I am looking for something to read which is: Reasonably short. Fairly self-contained (if it is a chapter in a textbook, I would like to be able to read it without having first to read the preceeding chapters). Mathematically rigorous: everything is proved. Well-written, i.e., does not take ages to parse. The first one is particularly important for me - I am looking for something I can learn in a few days. The best I have found so far is the chapter on duality in Boyd & Vandenberghe. Does anyone have any other recommendations? | 1 |
My recent assignment was to write an essay using a template my teacher had given me. The essay was supposed to begin with a phrase like 'It is common knowledge that' or 'there is no denying that', but I wanted to be more original and wrote the phrase 'It is no secret that', which I had heard used many times, instead. Later, my teacher told me the phrase was kind of obscure and most likely informal and that I shouldn't use it. So I want to find out if it is actually applicable and acceptable in an essay. P.S. I'm not a native speaker, so please don't judge me if I'm being stupid. | 1 |
I have three sentences of which I'm not sure which one is grammatical, and why. It refers to the Eiffel Tower. It is used as the symbol of Paris and of France for over a century. It was used as the symbol of Paris and of France for over a century. It has been used as the symbol of Paris and of France for over a century. | 1 |
After watching a movie in which levitating water was used as an illusion, I was curious to discover how it works. Unfortunately I cannot find any great explanations of the science behind the effect, only that strobe lights are what cause it. I want to know why strobe lights cause this effect. Here is a video of the illusion. It is my assumption that there is a steady stream of water, and the strobe lights are flickering on and off at a certain rate. Why then do I not see the entire stream of water being lit up, rather than individual droplets? What causes the droplets to appear to "move?" And why are there dark spaces between the droplets when there is apparently water there? | 1 |
I'm wondering if there is a name for graphs such that if there is an edge between vertices A and B and a second edge between vertices B and C then there must be an edge between vertices A and C. My understanding is that this means that the graph is composed entirely of cliques. The graph need not be connected so it may contain multiple cliques, but there cannot be any edges between cliques. Is there a particular name for this structure? Thanks! | 1 |
I am not a native speaker of the English language but have been living in United Kingdom for last couple of years. Once I was with my friend who was an Irish and I said "Its cold outside" and he said that I was wrong and should have said "Its cool outside". I am still not sure why I was wrong? Could someone really differentiate the use of word "cool" and "cold" in that case? | 1 |
Is there a word that names an excuse made so as to not look stupid? Here is an example that actually happened: A guy walks up to a girl and starts talking to her. After talking for some time, the girl asks the guy to give her a kiss, but the guy refuses. So to this, the girl said, "I just wanted to test you if you are a good guy or a bad one." | 1 |
This is probably a stupid question, but what makes the three magical elementary row operations, as taught in elementary linear algebra courses, special? In other words, in what way are they "natural" (as opposed to "arbitrary")? It seems that they're always presented in a somewhat haphazard manner ("these are the three legendary elementary row operations, don't ask why, they just are"). From what I understand, they satisfy some nice properties, such as the inverse of each being an operation of the same type, etc. But is there something that characterizes them, i.e. is there some definition of what constitutes "elementary" that's only satisfied by the three types of elementary matrices, and no other matrix? | 1 |
There is a single obscure word whose very definition is when one says "I'm sorry for saying this, but" or "I hate to tell you this, but", and then proceeds to do the very opposite and attacks or lambasts the person they're talking to. For the life of me I can't find it and I've searched high and low. Can someone please help me? Many thanks and cheers! | 1 |
I can't find anywhere the advantages of using Ridder's method over any other numerical method. My professor said that it specializes in solving a unique set of functions, but I can't find anything about it anywhere. When is Ridder's method more useful than something else and why? I realize it may sound like a silly question but I have to answer it for a project. Thanks! | 1 |
Consider the set of words {one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten}. I want to write the associated partitions of this set under the relation R where two words are equivalent if they have the same number of letters. It's obvious one, two, six, and ten are all equivalent but I'm not exactly how to write the partitions with the curly brackets... Would it be {{one, two, six, ten}, {four, five, nine}, {three, seven, eight}}? Or would I write these partitions separately like {{one},{two},{six},{ten}}, {{four},{five},{nine}}, and {{three},{seven},{eight}}? What do the curly brackets actually say and what's the difference between the two ways I just wrote them? | 1 |
As far as I know, the classical approach to special relativity is to take Einstein's postulates as the starting point of the logical sequence, then to derive the Lorentz transformations from them, and finally to derive the invariance of the interval and other consequences from the latter. I'm curious to know if it would be sufficient to take the frame-independence of the interval alone as the initial hypothesis to derive the other results (including the Lorentz transformations and the postulates). Is this possible, or do we have to prove that the interval is Lorentz-invariant first? If this approach is consistent, would it offer any technical advantage w/r/t the classical one? | 1 |
Question: In Functional Analysis we can note things like: every closed subspace of a Banach space is Banach. In this case, what does "closed subspace" mean? Does this mean closed under the norm topology? Or does this mean closed in the sense that multiplication of scalars and addition of vectors is closed? Or does this mean closed with respect to limits? I'm reviewing this material and I realized that even though I have this in my notes a number of times I am unsure of what this actually is. I thought it was the second statement above, but the third statement makes the "every closed subspace of a banach space is banach" statement easy to prove. | 1 |
Is the use of two or more successive relative clauses common or grammarically accepted in English? As in "The man who is sitting in the wheelchair and who has a broken leg. Or "The man who is sitting in the wheelchair and whose leg is broken." I know, of course, there are ways to shorten them, but I just want to know if it sounds grammatical to native speakers of English to use successive relative clauses, whether in spoken or written language. | 1 |
My professor asked us a few questions in class and asked us to think about them. He's going to reveal the solutions on Thursday, but I want to understand it before he talks about it on Thursday in greater detail. If anyone could explain any of the things below, it would be appreciated. Thanks in advance. (and if you can't, don't worry- I can ask the professor after class on Thursday) | 1 |
Suppose I have the sentence: "All apples are green." Although it is not a true statement, clearly it is a declarative sentence. Can any declarative sentence like this be made into an interrogative sentence (a question) merely by replacing the period with a question mark? The reason I ask is because the typical word order for such a question would be: "Are all apples green?" Notice that the verb has been moved to the beginning of the sentence. This is the way most of us would word the sentence when phrasing it as a question. | 1 |
I was wondering if there is a non-geometric interpretation of the dot product (or the inner product more generally). That is, an interpretation that has no concept of length and angle. My motivation for asking this lies in how, in quantum mechanics, the inner product between the bra and ket vectors are often taken. However, these vectors do not represent spatial concepts, but are rather, a vector containing probabilities (which isn't a spatial concept). Thanks for any help! | 1 |
What is the way to say that something "should be done" in the past? I know there is a "should have" structure, but it is used for situations, when something was to be done in the past, but it wasn't. E.g. "You should have called me yesterday. Why didn't you?" So, would it be correct to say "It should have been done" in a situation when something was to be done and in fact it WAS DONE? | 1 |
I was explaining it's vs. its to someone the other day, and I said "None of the pronouns (his, hers, theirs, yours, its, whose, ...) has an apostrophe." Later I got to wondering whether that was really true, and sure enough fairly quickly found one that does: one's, as in "One's memory isn't what it used to be." Are there other pronouns that use an apostrophe? | 1 |
It seems to me that "optical" relates more to the mechanics of light and vision, whereas "visual" is a much broader term. For example, hallucinations are classed as "visual" or "auditory", rather than "optical" or "acoustic". Other examples are visual puns, visual cliches, visual metaphors, etc. I notice on the Wikipedia page on optical illusions uses the terms interchangeably. Is there a semantic reason why the term "optical illusion" is used instead of visual? | 1 |
The sentence I wrote is as follows: The idea behind this technique was that the human eye could not differentiate between the individual colors of each point, thereby causing the eye to blend the colors together to form a more complete image. My professor said that the "thereby" in that sentence should have a semicolon behind it and a comma in front, but as far as I know, a semicolon separates two independent clauses. I don't think "causing the eye to blend colors together ..." is a complete sentence, but she said it should be written as ";thereby,". Is she correct? | 1 |
I'm having trouble putting the pieces together. In SM, neutral kaon oscillation is heavily constrained. This means, roughly, that the squark mass matrices have to be diagonal. And this is called universality of soft parameters. What exactly is universality and why do we have universality in this situation? Furthermore, is having diagonal squark mass matrices sufficient? In a lot of SUSY theories, they go one step further and assume the scalar masses are the same for the first and second generations (pMSSM for instance). Why is this additional step necessary? | 1 |
Since it's Friday and others are playing games, here's another one to take us into the weekend. Everyone knows about those Russian nesting dolls (called matryoshka dolls, I believe). A small doll nests inside a larger, which itself is inside a larger doll, and so on. This game does the same with words. You start with a three-letter word, add a letter to make another word, and so on. Longest word wins. The catch? Each additional letter has to form a legitimate word. Here's one to start you off: bur burr burro burrow burrows Good luck. | 1 |
Is there a word that describes a person who tries to get as much information as possible when making a decision for fear of committing a mistake that might affect both him and others in a negative fashion? The only word I could think of was indecisive, but it has a connotation that suggests hesitation and irresolution when making decisions, which is not what I'm going for, since I want a sense of absolute commitment when making the decision. | 1 |
Which of the following books is better to prepare for a mathematical competition at the undergraduate level? The art and craft of problem solving (ACoPS) or Problem solving through problems (PSTP). I think that ACoPS doesn't have an abstract algebra chapter and PSTP doesn't have a combinatorics chapter, so, which one would you recommend me to use and why (I can't use both right now)? Thanks in advance! | 1 |
I'm not sure how to phrase this question. I'm sure I could write it in terms of operators between Frechet spaces, or something like that. Let me apologies to any analysts in advance for my lack of rigor. I'm basically interested in "how many" elementary functions have elementary anti-derivatives. I realize that I ought to impose some conditions on the functions, e.g. differentiable, and on the domains of definition. It would be great if someone could give an answer which puts this question in to the correct language, provide sufficient restrictions and then state any known results. Sorry to be so wishy-washy! | 1 |
Occasionally, I write letters that I actually print out and send by snail mail :). I'd like them to look as formal as possible. Archaic (pre-typewriter) Dutch customs require the sender's address to be in the top left corner and the recipient's in the top right. The place and date should be aligned with the recipient's address. The sign off ("Yours truly") should also be aligned with that. Of course there are also specific rules for the amount of vertical whitespace. Does anyone know of a good package that lets me customize all this stuff, preferably in a .sty file or something that I can include, so I don't have to do it again for every letter? | 1 |
Are the following two statements written in correct grammar? What do they mean? Can they be written in more easily understandable manner? If yes, how should they be re-written? The student's pass will be issued no earlier than one month from the course commencement date. This letter will be valid for two months or till the course commencement date as indicated above, whichever is later. | 1 |
In a formal letter addressed to one or more unknown recipients, "Dear Sir or Madam" is the customary salutation. As a German native speaker, who is used to "Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren", writing "Sir" before "Madam" sounds impolite to my ear and I feel the urge to change the order. I know that I must never directly carry over conventional expressions from one language to another, but it makes me wonder: Are there any differences between "Dear Sir or Madam" and "Dear Madam or Sir"? In particular, would the latter sound more polite or rather come across as outlandish? | 1 |
Ok, so here is an example sentence. "I hoped to lose the race so I wouldn't have to run against him." Here's my dilemma. I was questioning whether a comma was necessary after "race" to separate the two independent clauses connected by "so," the coordinating conjunction, but then it occurred to me: Is "I wouldn't have to run against him" an independent clause, or is it dependent? If it were standing on its own, would it be considered a fragment? Can someone please explain? | 1 |
I have been googling around, searching for the origins of the phrasal verb "to fall asleep" but so far I have found no references. I was wondering specifically why we use the verb "to fall" to characterize the process of going to sleep and my conjecture is that it somehow links in with the connotations of tiredness and fatigue that the verb "to fall" bears. | 1 |
The Feynman Lectures on Physics probably constitute the most famous introductory physics textbook ever written. The level of intuition it provides is hard to beat; I first started reading it in middle school, and a decade later I'm still finding new insights in it. Yet when I recommend it to others, they often have sticker-shock. It is a three-volume book, after all. So is there any legal way to read the Feynman Lectures for free, on the Internet? | 1 |
When passing someone in the hall, you might say "How are you?" as a greeting, but not meaning it literally, as you don't really require an answer. Is "How are you?" (or "How's it going?", etc.) an idiom when used this way? "Idiom" doesn't seem appropriate because that combination of words generally has the literal meaning. Is there another word for this? Sorry if I am not making this clear. If I can clarify in some way, please ask. Edit: Could someone explain why this question might have been voted down? Not complaining, just trying to learn. | 1 |
I want to know which of the following would be the correct way to phrase my sentence, pasted below. I've come across this problem several times in my writing and want to settle this for good so that I don't always second guess myself: "When he learned of the sins he had committed, Oedipus blinded himself as punishment" or "When Oedipus learned of the sins he had committed, he blinded himself as punishment" Is one of these more grammatically correct than the other, or are they essentially the same? Is there a general rule for phrasing such sentences? | 1 |
In Australian English there has always been a distinction between "pissed" (intoxicated) and "pissed off" (angry, irritated). I've noticed a trend towards the American usage where "he was really pissed" is now much more likely to mean the latter. I'm aware of the futility of resisting the natural evolution of language, particulary the juggernaut of American language imperialism via films and TV, but it seems a shame that "I did it because I was pissed" is now ambiguous. Is this a trend in other English speaking countries where the Australian usage was common? | 1 |
I often try to distinguish between immediate-feedback communication, such as talking in person, on the phone, or by instant message, and delayed-feedback communication, such as email. (Or at least, delayed in the sense that it's socially acceptable to not respond right away.) I usually would say something like, "I'd prefer to discuss this in real-time," which usually gets the point across, but I'm wondering if there is a better way to describe this concept. ("Can we talk about this using an immediate-feedback medium?" sounds a little awkward.) | 1 |
"What does {holding nose} P.U. mean?" my son asked me tonight. I told him I didn't know, and he laughed and said "It means stinky, Mommy!" Very funny and well said, but it left me wondering. A search of Wikipedia and Etymology Online came up wanting and my etymological dictionaries are packed in boxes. What does this abbreviation stand for and why does it mean stinky? | 1 |
There is a term orbit insertion which means a maneuver performed by a spacecraft flying by a celestial body in order to become an artificial satellite. What word or phrase would you use to describe the result of this process? And from the following sentences, which are correct? The probe entered the orbit of Mars. The probe inserted into the orbit of Mars. The probe was inserted into the orbit of Mars. | 1 |
What are some simple proofs that the points on an elliptic curve form an abelian group under addition? I am mostly looking for proofs of closure and associativity, since the other three requirements follow immediately from the definitions. Note that I am specifically looking for simpler proofs, since I am only still in high-school, so I have not learned about homomorphisms and isomorphisms and matrices yet. An intuitive 'proof' will also suffice (since again, it's only high-school level). Also, are elliptic curve points always an abelian group under addition? Or only over the rational numbers or over some finite prime field (and not over the reals)? I'm trying to write a paper/essay on elliptic curve cryptography, but I can't get these proofs to work. | 1 |
Possible Duplicate: An idiom for deriving pleasure from another's suffering We often experience the following: We feel happy when our fellow classmates get a bad grade and not necessarily when we ourselves get a good grade. We feel excited when our opposing team plays really awful and not necessarily when we our team plays well. We feel pleased when one person we hate experiences some kind of misfortune and not necessarily when we ourselves get good luck. What is a word or phrase to describe the phenomenon above? | 1 |
My highschool textbook states that Zener diodes are a special type of diode which is made of highly doped p and n junctions, and which can survive reverse bias - unlike normal diodes, which get damaged due to the excess heat produced in that mode. How can heavy doping help Zener diodes avoid damage in reverse bias? Is it that it somehow gets rid of the excess heat produced in the diode? How does it do it? | 1 |
My textbook doesn't explain this very well, so what I want to know is: What is the purpose of parametric equations? What is a parameter? What is the advantage of these equations over a function y=f(x)? What do they essentially enable you to do? I find this topic to be impenetrable so a thorough explanation in simple terms would be very much appreciated. Thank you. | 1 |
This question may sound dumb, (it will to me, hopefully, in a day or two!), but does the term phase difference apply only for sinusoidal waves? Wikipedia defines 'phase' as the following: Phase in sinusoidal functions or in waves has two different, but closely related, meanings. One is the initial angle of a sinusoidal function at its origin and is sometimes called phase offset or phase difference. Another usage is the fraction of the wave cycle that has elapsed relative to the origin. I'm confused about this specific part: Another usage is the fraction of the wave cycle that has elapsed relative to the origin Can this definition apply for any wave function, or just sinusoidal ones? | 1 |
Is there a single word that denotes the belief that women are or should be inferior to men? For example, That ideology advocates murder, rape, slavery, homophobia, xenophobia and [insert the requested word here]. The word patriarchy comes to mind but I am not sure if it fits in the sentence above. I am also thinking of sexism, but it denotes prejudice based on sex, which, although in practice usually against women, can work both ways. Any suggestions? | 1 |
I am reading about the going-up and going-down theorems in Atiyah & Macdonald's commutative algebra book. I'm wondering if anyone could give me some basic facts/examples to help me understand why these two theorems are so important. Neither of these theorems are actually used in Atiyah & Macdonald, and yet I don't find the statements to be so obviously remarkable that they should deserve a special name. | 1 |
While I was writing a status update today on social media I decided to do some grammar-learning. The status update was "Happy Labor Day everyone!" and I am now wondering if I should place a comma between "Day" and "everyone?" My grammar skills aren't great, and this may be staring me right in the face as I'm thinking about it, but researching on the web and Stack Exchange hasn't brought up the case yet. Help would be much appreciated. | 1 |
I noticed the following sentence, taken from Mark Twain's "The Awful German Language:" Fifthly, I would do away with those long compounded words; or require the speaker to deliver them in sections, with intermissions for refreshments. What is the grammatical function of the semicolon here? I would have expected a comma to be appropriate here, as to me it coordinates a dependent clause, and that would be solely under the jurisdiction of a comma, as I understood. I thought semicolons were for replacing conjunctions between independent clauses or avoiding confusion with commas when writing a list that requires commas for one of the points within. Thank you! | 1 |
Find the volume of the solid that remains after a circular hole of radius a is bored through the center of a solid sphere of radius r > a. So in the picture it looks like a circle with a cylinder cut out of the middle. I am not even sure where to start with this. I know this has to do with integrals but I am not sure how to set this up to even get an integral. Any help would be greatly appreciated. | 1 |
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