derek-thomas/ScienceQA · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Not supported with pagination yet	What kind of sentence is this? Which local reservoirs supply our town with its fresh water?	[ "declarative", "exclamatory", "interrogative" ]	2		closed choice	grade6	language science	punctuation	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?	There are four kinds of sentences. A declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period. The nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure. An interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark. Do you have any plans for the upcoming weekend? An imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point. For this assignment, use references to support your claims. Don't drive so quickly in the construction zone! An exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point. I can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!	The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.
Not supported with pagination yet	What is the volume of a test tube?	[ "18 milliliters", "18 liters" ]	0	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose metric units of volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up. There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters. There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter. A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.	The better estimate for the volume of a test tube is 18 milliliters. 18 liters is too much.
	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.", "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]	0	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Magnets	Compare strengths of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.	Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.
	What is the capital of New Mexico?	[ "Cheyenne", "Santa Fe", "Juneau", "Albuquerque" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the West		Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico.
	Based on the text, how does a sloth's fur help protect it?	[ "A sloth's fur protects its important organs.", "A sloth's fur helps it hide from predators.", "A sloth's fur helps it cling to tree branches." ]	1	Read the text about sloths. Sloths are known for being one of the slowest animals on the planet. They also sleep up to twenty hours every day. Even though sloths are lethargic, they manage to stay safe by living in the treetops of South and Central America. Sloths have special qualities that help them spend their lives hanging from branches. For example, sloths' long fur grows in the opposite direction from that of most animals. Most animals' fur grows downward, which helps rainwater run down off the animal. Sloths' fur, however, grows upward. When a sloth is hanging upside down, rainwater is still directed off its body. This helps the sloth dry off more quickly. Sloth fur has another special purpose. Each strand of fur has grooves that collect algae. The algae give the sloth a greenish color, which helps it blend in with its leafy environment. Along with sloths' slow movement, this disguise makes sloths hard for predators to spot. Sloths also have long, curved claws on their front and back legs. Sloths can use their claws to protect themselves from predators. More importantly, the long, sharp claws curve around branches for a powerful grip. In this way, sloths' claws keep them from slipping and falling out of trees. Hanging upside down all day can be hard for other reasons. In most animals, hanging would cause the stomach, heart, and other organs to press on the lungs. Not for sloths, though. Sloths have special bands of tissue called adhesions that help attach certain organs to the rib cage. These bands of tissue hold the organs in place so they don't press down on the sloth's lungs. Thus the sloth stays healthy and comfortable while hanging in its upside-down world.	closed choice	grade5	language science	reading-comprehension	Informational texts: level 1	Read passages about animals		Look at the text in bold below. It tells you two ways a sloth's fur helps protect it. For example, sloths' long fur grows in the opposite direction from that of most animals. Most animals' fur grows downward, which helps rainwater run down off the animal. Sloths' fur, however, grows upward. When a sloth is hanging upside down, rainwater is still directed off its body. This helps the sloth dry off more quickly. Sloth fur has another special purpose. Each strand of fur has grooves that collect algae. The algae give the sloth a greenish color, which helps it blend in with its leafy environment. Along with sloths' slow movement, this disguise makes sloths hard for predators to spot.
	Select the bird below.	[ "bald eagle", "goldfish" ]	0	Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak. A woodpecker is an example of a bird.	closed choice	grade2	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians	Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.	A goldfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. A bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Tuvalu", "Tonga", "Fiji", "Samoa" ]	1		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is Tonga.
	Which of the following best describes an ecosystem in a tropical cloud forest in Costa Rica?	[ "the orchids and the bromeliads", "the strangler fig trees, the mosses, and the fog", "the Schroeder's oncidium orchids" ]	1	Read the passage. Then answer the question below. The Monteverde tropical cloud forest in Costa Rica is located about 1,500 meters above sea level. At this high elevation, moisture in the air forms a thick fog that resembles a cloud. The fog collects as droplets on plants and drips into the soil. Tropical cloud forests have a lot of epiphytes, or plants that grow on trees. Strangler fig trees in the Monteverde cloud forest are often covered in epiphytes such as mosses, bromeliads, and orchids. There are hundreds of orchid species in Monteverde, such as the Schroeder's oncidium orchid. Figure: moss and a bromeliad plant growing on a tree in a cloud forest.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Describe populations, communities, and ecosystems	In an environment, organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings. To help describe these interactions, ecologists use specific terms for different types of groups. A single organism is an individual. Individuals of the same species that live in the same place are part of a population. Multiple populations of different species that live in the same place are part of a community. Together, communities of living organisms and the nonliving parts of their environment make up an ecosystem.
Not supported with pagination yet	How long is a road from one end of a city to the other?	[ "3 feet", "3 miles", "3 yards", "3 inches" ]	1	Select the best estimate.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose customary units of distance, mass, and volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles. There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile. A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.	The best estimate for the length of a road from one end of a city to the other is 3 miles. 3 inches, 3 feet, and 3 yards are all too short.
	Which country is highlighted?	[ "Tuvalu", "the Marshall Islands", "Vanuatu", "Nauru" ]	3		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	Oceania: geography	Identify and select countries of Oceania		This country is Nauru.
Not supported with pagination yet	Is this a run-on sentence? In an effort to deter counterfeiters, the central bank of Norway wanted to redesign the nation's currency and sponsored a competition to find a fresh look for the banknotes.	[ "no", "yes" ]	0		yes or no	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Identify run-on sentences	A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks. A run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks. There are several ways to fix a run-on sentence: Use stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks. Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks. Use a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.	This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation. In an effort to deter counterfeiters, the central bank of Norway wanted to redesign the nation's currency and sponsored a competition to find a fresh look for the banknotes.
	What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "New York", "North Carolina", "Georgia", "Virginia" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	social science	us-history	English colonies in North America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is North Carolina.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which greeting is correct for a letter?	[ "Dear mrs. petersen,", "Dear Mrs. Petersen," ]	1		closed choice	grade4	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Greetings and closings of letters	A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory	The second greeting is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mrs. Petersen is capitalized because it is a proper noun.
	Which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles?	[ "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A", "Solution B" ]	1	The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each purple ball represents one particle of solute.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Compare concentrations of solutions	A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent	In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter. Solution A has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of purple particles.
	Select the organism in the same genus as the black-footed cat.	[ "Lynx lynx", "Felis chaus", "Lynx canadensis" ]	1	This organism is a black-footed cat. Its scientific name is Felis nigripes.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	biology	Classification and scientific names	Use scientific names to classify organisms	Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.	A black-footed cat's scientific name is Felis nigripes. The first word of its scientific name is Felis. Felis chaus is in the genus Felis. The first word of its scientific name is Felis. So, Felis chaus and Felis nigripes are in the same genus. Lynx lynx is in the genus Lynx. The first word of its scientific name is Lynx. So, Lynx lynx and Felis nigripes are not in the same genus. Lynx canadensis is in the genus Lynx. The first word of its scientific name is Lynx. So, Lynx canadensis and Felis nigripes are not in the same genus.
	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]	0	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	physics	Velocity, acceleration, and forces	Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.	Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which object has the most thermal energy?	[ "a 9-kilogram bucket of water at a temperature of 14°C", "a 9-kilogram bucket of water at a temperature of 21°C", "a 9-kilogram bucket of water at a temperature of 35°C" ]	2	The objects are identical except for their temperatures.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Heat and thermal energy	How is temperature related to thermal energy?	All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.	All three buckets of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 35°C bucket of water is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.
	What is the capital of Mississippi?	[ "Jackson", "Biloxi", "Cambridge", "Portland" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Southeast		Jackson is the capital of Mississippi.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? three - tub	[ "tea", "tide" ]	1		closed choice	grade5	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since tide is between the guide words three - tub, it would be found on that page.
	Can Victoria amazonica cells make their own food?	[ "no", "yes" ]	1	This organism is Victoria amazonica. It is a member of the plant kingdom. Victoria amazonica is commonly called the giant water lily. A single leaf can be over eight feet wide! The giant water lily grows in shallow water in the Amazon river basin.	yes or no	grade5	natural science	biology	Classification	Describe, classify, and compare kingdoms	In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. \| Bacteria \| Archaea \| Protists \| Fungi \| Animals \| Plants How many cells do they have? \| one \| one \| one or many \| one or many \| many \| many Do their cells have a nucleus? \| no \| no \| yes \| yes \| yes \| yes Can their cells make food? \| some species can \| some species can \| some species can \| no \| no \| yes	Victoria amazonica is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis.
	In this food web, which organism contains matter that eventually moves to the mushroom?	[ "lichen", "snowy owl" ]	0	Below is a food web from a tundra ecosystem in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Ecological interactions	Interpret food webs II	A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.	Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the mushroom.There are two paths matter can take from the barren-ground caribou to the mushroom: barren-ground caribou->mushroom. barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->mushroom. snowy owl. The only arrow pointing from the snowy owl leads to the earthworm. No arrows point from the earthworm to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the snowy owl to the mushroom.. There is one path matter can take from the bilberry to the mushroom: bilberry->grizzly bear->mushroom. There is one path matter can take from the grizzly bear to the mushroom: grizzly bear->mushroom. There are two paths matter can take from the lichen to the mushroom: lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom. lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->mushroom.
	Which type of relationship is formed when a feather mite lives on a barn swallow's feathers?	[ "parasitic", "mutualistic", "commensal" ]	2	Read the passage. Then answer the question. A barn swallow preens, or grooms its feathers, by coating them in a thin layer of oil. The oil comes from a small organ near the swallow's tail, called the preen gland. The oil from the preen gland keeps the swallow's feathers strong and flexible. The oil is also used by a small arachnid called a feather mite. The feather mite lives on the swallow's feathers and eats some of the oil. But, this type of mite does not affect the growth or condition of the swallow's feathers. Figure: a barn swallow preening.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Ecological interactions	Classify symbiotic relationships	When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected. This table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship. Type of symbiotic relationship \| Organism of one species... \| Organism of the other species... Commensal \| benefits \| is not significantly affected Mutualistic \| benefits \| benefits Parasitic \| benefits \| is harmed (but not usually killed)	When a feather mite lives on a barn swallow's feathers, the mite gets food and a place to live. So, the mite benefits from its relationship with the swallow. The swallow is not helped by the mite, but the swallow is not harmed, either. So, the swallow is not significantly affected by its relationship with the mite. Since the mite benefits and the swallow is not significantly affected, a commensal relationship is formed when a feather mite lives on a barn swallow's feathers.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which text uses the word peruse in its traditional sense?	[ "Colin perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly.", "Colin perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift." ]	1		closed choice	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Word usage and nuance	Explore words with new or contested usages	Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner. When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences. Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam. The traditional usage above is considered more standard. David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages. The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.	The second text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail. Colin perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift. The first text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner. Colin perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard.
Not supported with pagination yet	Suppose Darell decides to join the Theater Club. Which result would be a cost?	[ "Darell will have more fun in the Theater Club than he would have had in the Photography Club.", "Darell will spend more time in the Theater Club than he would have spent in the Photography Club." ]	1	Darell is deciding whether to join the Theater Club or the Photography Club at school. He wants the club he joins to be fun. But he doesn't want it to take up too much time.	closed choice	grade5	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Costs and benefits	Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits. Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need. Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.	This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Darell wants or needs: Darell will spend more time in the Theater Club than he would have spent in the Photography Club.
	What is the capital of Oklahoma?	[ "Oklahoma City", "Tallahassee", "Jefferson City", "Atlanta" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Southeast		Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.
	Is native gold a mineral or a rock?	[ "mineral", "rock" ]	0	Native gold has the following properties: metallic luster made of the metal gold found in nature fixed crystal structure not made by living things solid	closed choice	grade8	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Identify rocks and minerals	Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property \| Mineral \| Rock It is a solid. \| Yes \| Yes It is formed in nature. \| Yes \| Yes It is not made by organisms. \| Yes \| Yes It is a pure substance. \| Yes \| No It has a fixed crystal structure. \| Yes \| No You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither. Look closely at the last three properties: Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks. A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!	Native gold has all the properties of a mineral. So, native gold is a mineral.
	Which of the following could Josiah's test show?	[ "if the sample fabric would absorb one drop of water in less than one second", "how long it would take the sample fabric to dry after it absorbed one drop of water", "how much athletes would sweat in the fabric" ]	1	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Josiah, a materials engineer, was developing a quick-drying fabric for athletic clothing. The fabric needed to absorb one drop of water in less than one second and dry completely in less than five minutes. Josiah thought a fabric made from cotton and polyester would both absorb water well and dry quickly. But he needed to decide what percentage of each material to use. So, he made a sample fabric that was 50% cotton and 50% polyester. Then he put one drop of water on the sample. He timed how long it took the fabric to dry after the water was absorbed. Figure: fabric that has not absorbed drops of water.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Engineering practices	Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves. First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind. Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved. Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.
Not supported with pagination yet	Using only these supplies, which question can Jacob investigate with an experiment?	[ "Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored in a paper bag or in a plastic bag?", "Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored inside or outside the refrigerator?", "Does white or whole wheat sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days?" ]	1	Jacob starts to make a sandwich, but he sees mold on the bread! He wonders what factors affect how mold grows on bread. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available: two loaves of white sandwich bread a small plastic bag a large plastic bag a refrigerator	closed choice	grade8	natural science	science-and-engineering-practices	Designing experiments	Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials	Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment. Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment? First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available. Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick. So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!
Not supported with pagination yet	Which word does not rhyme?	[ "sweet", "ride", "meet" ]	1		closed choice	grade1	language science	phonological-awareness	Rhyming	Which word does not rhyme?	Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound. The words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound. The words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound. The words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.	The words sweet and meet rhyme. They both end with the eet sound. The word ride does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which correctly shows the title of a TV show?	[ "*Pinky and the Brain*", "\"Pinky and the Brain\"" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Formatting titles	The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead. A Midsummer Night's Dream The title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks. "You Are My Sunshine"	A TV show should be in italics. The correct title is Pinky and the Brain.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which tense does the sentence use? Kristen will play the guitar after dinner.	[ "past tense", "present tense", "future tense" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	language science	verbs	Verb tense	Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?	Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed. Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms. Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen. All future-tense verbs use the word will. Present \| Past \| Future walk, walks \| walked \| will walk go, goes \| went \| will go	The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, play. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?	[ "How are they working to improve technologies that turn the sun's energy directly into electricity?", "How are scientists working to improve technologies that turn the sun's energy directly into electricity?" ]	0		closed choice	grade7	language science	writing-strategies	Pronouns and antecedents	Identify vague pronoun references	When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent. When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief. The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways: 1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent: When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief. 2. Rewrite the sentence: Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed. A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent. They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent. The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.	The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with scientists. How are scientists working to improve technologies that turn the sun's energy directly into electricity?
Not supported with pagination yet	Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Betty can fly a helicopter.	[ "inherited", "acquired" ]	1	Hint: Pilots have to learn how to fly a helicopter.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	biology	Traits and heredity	Identify inherited and acquired traits	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.	People are not born knowing how to fly a helicopter. Instead, some people learn how to fly helicopters. So, flying a helicopter is an acquired trait.
	What is the name of the colony shown?	[ "South Carolina", "Virginia", "Rhode Island", "Maryland" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	social science	us-history	English colonies in North America	Identify the Thirteen Colonies		The colony is South Carolina.
	Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Europe", "South America", "Antarctica", "North America" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	Oceans and continents	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is South America.
	Which ocean is highlighted?	[ "the Atlantic Ocean", "the Arctic Ocean", "the Southern Ocean", "the Indian Ocean" ]	2		closed choice	grade6	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.	This is the Southern Ocean. The Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60° South latitude.
	What type of rock is schist?	[ "igneous", "sedimentary", "metamorphic" ]	2	Schist can form when a rock is changed by high temperature and pressure. This piece of schist formed from a sedimentary rock. Schist forms deep below the earth's surface. Schist is made of minerals such as mica, chlorite, and graphite.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Classify rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic	Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it. Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface. Metamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.	Schist is a metamorphic rock. Like other metamorphic rocks, it forms when a rock is changed by high temperature and pressure. Heat and pressure can change the type and arrangement of minerals in a rock. This change forms a new rock with different properties. Schist can form when sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rocks are changed by heat and pressure. Shale and slate are two rocks that can change into schist.
Not supported with pagination yet	Where are the main offices of the federal government?	[ "in New York City", "in Washington, D.C.", "in Los Angeles, California", "in Chicago, Illinois" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	social science	civics	Government	Federal government		The main offices of the federal government are in Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., is the capital of the United States. A capital city is where the major government offices are. Washington, D.C., is on the East Coast, between Virginia and Maryland. The letters "D.C." stand for District of Columbia. The District of Columbia is a special area that is not a part of any state. Washington, D.C.
	What is the capital of Kansas?	[ "Kansas City", "Wichita", "Topeka", "Santa Fe" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Midwest		Topeka is the capital of Kansas.
	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.", "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]	0	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Magnets	Compare strengths of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.	Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
Not supported with pagination yet	Is the following statement true or false? Animal cells are filled with cytoplasm.	[ "false", "true" ]	1		true-or false	grade4	natural science	biology	Cells	Cell part functions: true or false		Animal cells are filled with cytoplasm. This statement is true. All cells have cytoplasm. The cytoplasm fills and maintains the space inside the cell.
	Which is this organism's scientific name?	[ "Amphiprion percula", "orange clownfish" ]	0	This organism is Amphiprion percula. It is also called an orange clownfish.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Classification and scientific names	Identify common and scientific names	An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.	Amphiprion percula is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, Amphiprion percula is the scientific name.
	Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.	[ "to the left than to the right", "to the right than to the left" ]	0	The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Diffusion across membranes	In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion. As a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same. Membranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other. So, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.	Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion. Before the solute particles reached equilibrium, there was 1 solute particle on the left side of the membrane and 5 solute particles on the right side of the membrane. When the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 3 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There were 2 more solute particles on the left side of the membrane than before. So, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.
	Based on the time line, which event happens earlier?	[ "California's population grows past 300,000.", "Gold becomes harder to find in California." ]	1	This time line shows important events during the California Gold Rush.	closed choice	grade5	language science	writing-strategies	Visual elements	Read graphic organizers	A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another. When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them. When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.	A time line shows the order of events by placing them along a line. This time line shows important events during the California Gold Rush. Look at how the events are ordered on the time line. Events that happened earlier are shown to the left. Events that happened later are shown to the right. Gold becomes harder to find in California is shown farther to the left than California's population grows past 300,000. So, Gold becomes harder to find in California earlier.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?	[ "The recipe says to mix the black beans with the chopped tomatoes, but Scott forgot to buy them.", "The recipe says to mix the black beans with the chopped tomatoes, but Scott forgot to buy the black beans." ]	0		closed choice	grade7	language science	writing-strategies	Pronouns and antecedents	Identify vague pronoun references	When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent. When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief. The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways: 1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent: When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief. 2. Rewrite the sentence: Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed. A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent. They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent. The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.	The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the black beans or the chopped tomatoes. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the black beans. The recipe says to mix the black beans with the chopped tomatoes, but Scott forgot to buy the black beans.
	What can Kevin and Emily trade to each get what they want?	[ "Kevin can trade his tomatoes for Emily's carrots.", "Kevin can trade his tomatoes for Emily's broccoli.", "Emily can trade her broccoli for Kevin's oranges.", "Emily can trade her almonds for Kevin's tomatoes." ]	1	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Kevin and Emily open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Kevin nor Emily got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Kevin's lunch Emily's lunch	closed choice	grade8	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Look at the table and images. Kevin wants broccoli. Emily wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.
	What is the capital of Iowa?	[ "Pierre", "Des Moines", "Burlington", "Frankfort" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Midwest		Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?	[ "Andy sent them the transcript from his old college, but he still wasn't granted an exemption from English 101.", "Andy sent the registrar's office the transcript from his old college, but he still wasn't granted an exemption from English 101." ]	0		closed choice	grade11	language science	writing-strategies	Pronouns	Identify vague pronoun references	When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent. When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief. The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways: 1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent: When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief. 2. Rewrite the sentence: Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed. A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent. They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent. The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.	The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the registrar's office. Andy sent the registrar's office the transcript from his old college, but he still wasn't granted an exemption from English 101.
	Which continent is highlighted?	[ "North America", "Asia", "Europe", "Australia" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	Oceans and continents	Identify oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is North America.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which is a simple sentence?	[ "Coffee beans are the seeds of the coffee plant.", "You can eat those blueberries, or you can try these cherries." ]	0		closed choice	grade3	language science	grammar	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is the sentence simple or compound?	A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate. The pitcher threw the ball to first base. A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. The pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it. Some simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences. Anna and James will watch the fireworks tonight. This simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James. The singers bowed and walked off the stage. This simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat. This is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.	The first sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate. Coffee beans are the seeds of the coffee plant.
	What is the capital of Connecticut?	[ "Bridgeport", "Topeka", "Hartford", "Lansing" ]	2		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Northeast		Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.
	What can Daniel and Quincy trade to each get what they want?	[ "Quincy can trade his almonds for Daniel's tomatoes.", "Quincy can trade his broccoli for Daniel's oranges.", "Daniel can trade his tomatoes for Quincy's carrots.", "Daniel can trade his tomatoes for Quincy's broccoli." ]	3	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Daniel and Quincy open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Daniel nor Quincy got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Daniel's lunch Quincy's lunch	closed choice	grade7	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Look at the table and images. Daniel wants broccoli. Quincy wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.
Not supported with pagination yet	Read the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her narrative voice? During our last game, our pitcher Hansen suddenly grabbed his wrist after throwing a fastball. Coach Chu asked him if he was OK, and Hansen said that it hurt. None of us knew what was wrong with him and he was whisked off to the doctor, who ultimately diagnosed a forearm strain and wrist tendinitis. After three weeks of rehabilitation, Hansen finally returned. Coach Chu said he was glad Hansen was back, and Hansen said he was happy and relieved.	[ "by removing biased language", "by using active voice", "by adding dialogue" ]	2		closed choice	grade12	language science	writing-strategies	Editing and revising	Suggest appropriate revisions	During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision: Ideas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis? Organization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow? Voice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay? Sentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive? Word choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing? Grammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?	The writer could best improve his or her narrative voice by adding dialogue. For example, the writer could replace the underlined sentences with exchanges between Coach Chu and Hansen. During our last game, our pitcher Hansen suddenly grabbed his wrist after throwing a fastball. Coach Chu asked him if he was OK, and Hansen said that it hurt. None of us knew what was wrong with him and he was whisked off to the doctor, who ultimately diagnosed a forearm strain and wrist tendinitis. After three weeks of rehabilitation, Hansen finally returned. Coach Chu said he was glad Hansen was back, and Hansen said he was happy and relieved.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which is a compound sentence?	[ "Bison once roamed freely across the Great Plains of the United States.", "The umpire called the pitch a strike, so our team lost the game." ]	1		closed choice	grade5	language science	grammar	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is the sentence simple or compound?	A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate. The pitcher threw the ball to first base. A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. The pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it. Some simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences. Anna and James will watch the fireworks tonight. This simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James. The singers bowed and walked off the stage. This simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat. This is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.	The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so. The umpire called the pitch a strike, so our team lost the game.
	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2." ]	2	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Magnets	Compare strengths of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.	Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
Not supported with pagination yet	Based on this information, what is this rainbow trout's genotype for the body color gene?	[ "bb", "a blue body" ]	0	In a group of rainbow trout, some individuals have a greenish-brown body and others have a blue body. In this group, the gene for the body color trait has two alleles. The allele B is for a greenish-brown body, and the allele b is for a blue body. A certain rainbow trout from this group has a blue body. This trout has two alleles for a blue body.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.	An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The rainbow trout has two alleles for a blue body (b). So, the trout's genotype for the body color gene is bb.
Not supported with pagination yet	What does the allusion in this text suggest? When Brianna claimed she had loaded the dishwasher before turning on Dancing with the Stars, her mother replied, "Your nose is growing!"	[ "Brianna was lying.", "Brianna was goofy." ]	0		closed choice	grade8	language science	figurative-language	Literary devices	Interpret figures of speech	Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.	The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known. The allusion nose is growing suggests that Brianna was lying. In the story of Pinocchio, when Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer.
Not supported with pagination yet	Select the description that doesn't belong.	[ "clever", "foolish", "friendly", "unintelligent" ]	2		closed choice	grade5	language science	vocabulary	Categories	Select the words that don't belong		Friendly doesn't belong. Foolish, unintelligent, and clever all describe how smart someone is.
Not supported with pagination yet	What is the volume of a bathroom sink?	[ "11 milliliters", "11 liters" ]	1	Select the better estimate.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	units-and-measurement	Units and measurement	Choose metric units of volume	Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up. There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters. There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter. A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.	The better estimate for the volume of a bathroom sink is 11 liters. 11 milliliters is too little.
Not supported with pagination yet	Complete the statement. Assume that the robin's mass did not change. The gravitational potential energy stored between the robin and Earth () as the robin flew to the tree branch.	[ "increased", "decreased", "stayed the same" ]	0	Read the text about an animal in motion. A robin was standing on flat land below a maple tree. Then, the robin flew directly to a branch high in the tree.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	physics	Kinetic and potential energy	Identify changes in gravitational potential energy	Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth. The amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower. If the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen. When an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... \| Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth... increases \| increases decreases \| decreases stays the same \| stays the same	Think about how the distance between the robin and the center of Earth changed. The tree branch is higher than the land below the tree. As the robin flew toward the tree branch, the distance between the robin and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the robin and Earth increased as the robin flew to the tree branch.
	What can Paula and Emir trade to each get what they want?	[ "Emir can trade his broccoli for Paula's oranges.", "Emir can trade his almonds for Paula's tomatoes.", "Paula can trade her tomatoes for Emir's carrots.", "Paula can trade her tomatoes for Emir's broccoli." ]	3	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Paula and Emir open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Paula nor Emir got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Paula's lunch Emir's lunch	closed choice	grade8	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Look at the table and images. Paula wants broccoli. Emir wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.
Not supported with pagination yet	Would you find the word bright on a dictionary page with the following guide words? beat - blessing	[ "yes", "no" ]	1		yes or no	grade4	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since bright is not between the guide words beat - blessing, it would not be found on that page.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? three - tomato	[ "title", "terrible" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since title is between the guide words three - tomato, it would be found on that page.
	Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.	[ "to the left than to the right", "to the right than to the left" ]	0	The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	chemistry	Solutions	Diffusion across membranes	In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion. As a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same. Membranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other. So, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.	Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion. Before the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 7 solute particles on the right side of the membrane. When the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 6 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before. So, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.
Not supported with pagination yet	What do these two changes have in common? cellular respiration compost rotting	[ "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]	0		closed choice	grade7	natural science	chemistry	Chemical reactions	Compare physical and chemical changes	Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.	Step 1: Think about each change. Cellular respiration is a chemical change. Cells use oxygen to break down sugar. Breaking the chemical bonds in sugar molecules releases energy that a cell can use. The atoms from the broken molecules then combine to form different molecules such as carbon dioxide and water. These molecules are different types of matter than sugar and oxygen. Compost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
Not supported with pagination yet	What information supports the conclusion that Reba inherited this trait?	[ "Reba's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Reba.", "Reba and her mother both wear their hair in braids." ]	0	Read the description of a trait. Reba has red hair.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.
	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]	0	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes.	closed choice	grade6	natural science	physics	Velocity, acceleration, and forces	Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces	Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.	Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
	Which property matches this object?	[ "rough", "flexible" ]	1	Select the better answer.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	physics	Materials	Identify properties of an object	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.	Look at the object. Think about each property. A flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The rubber gloves are flexible. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The rubber gloves are not rough.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which phrase has a more negative connotation?	[ "request something", "demand something" ]	1		closed choice	grade4	language science	vocabulary	Shades of meaning	Positive and negative connotation	Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations. For example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations. Eager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited. Impatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.	Demand something has a more negative connotation. If you demand something, you ask for it in a bossy, rude way. If you request something, you ask for it in a polite way.
	Which month has the lowest average temperature in Amsterdam?	[ "November", "December", "February" ]	2	Use the graph to answer the question below.	closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	Use climate data to make predictions	Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location. A line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures.	To describe the average temperature trends in Amsterdam, look at the graph. Choice "Feb" is incorrect. Choice "Nov" is incorrect. Choice "Dec" is incorrect. The average temperature in February is around 2°C. This is the lowest average temperature of all of the months.
Not supported with pagination yet	Based on this information, what is this pea plant's genotype for the pea color gene?	[ "yellow peas", "Ee" ]	1	In a group of pea plants, some individuals have yellow peas and others have green peas. In this group, the gene for the pea color trait has two alleles. The allele E is for yellow peas, and the allele e is for green peas. A certain pea plant from this group has yellow peas. This plant has one allele for yellow peas and one allele for green peas.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype	All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.	An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The pea plant has one allele for yellow peas (E) and one allele for green peas (e). So, the plant's genotype for the pea color gene is Ee.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? larger - lip	[ "lean", "loose" ]	0		closed choice	grade3	language science	reference-skills	Reference skills	Use guide words	Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.	Put the words in alphabetical order. Since lean is between the guide words larger - lip, it would be found on that page.
	Select the organism in the same genus as the green tree frog.	[ "Ardea cinerea", "Nerodia cyclopion", "Hyla cinerea" ]	2	This organism is a green tree frog. Its scientific name is Hyla cinerea.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Classification and scientific names	Use scientific names to classify organisms	Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.	A green tree frog's scientific name is Hyla cinerea. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. Nerodia cyclopion is in the genus Nerodia. The first word of its scientific name is Nerodia. So, Nerodia cyclopion and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus. Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus. These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea have the same species name within their genus, cinerea. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ardea cinerea is in the genus Ardea, and Hyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla. This organism and the green tree frog are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Hyla cinerea.
Not supported with pagination yet	Select the one substance that is not a mineral.	[ "Wool is made by living things. It is formed in nature.", "Corundum is a solid. It is a pure substance.", "Turquoise is a solid. It is not made by living things." ]	0		closed choice	grade4	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Identify minerals using properties	Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property \| Mineral \| Rock It is a solid. \| Yes \| Yes It is formed in nature. \| Yes \| Yes It is not made by organisms. \| Yes \| Yes It is a pure substance. \| Yes \| No It has a fixed crystal structure. \| Yes \| No You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither. Look closely at the last three properties: Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks. A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!	Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals. Wool is made by living things. But minerals are not made by living things. So, wool is not a mineral. Corundum is a mineral. Turquoise is a mineral.
Not supported with pagination yet	What information supports the conclusion that Diane acquired this trait?	[ "Diane's friends like to make chili with her.", "Diane learned how to make chili from a recipe book.", "When Diane was young, her grandmother taught her how to cut chili peppers." ]	1	Read the description of a trait. Diane knows how to make chili.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.
	Which material is this baseball bat made of?	[ "polyester", "wood" ]	1		closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Materials	Identify materials in objects	A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.	Look at the picture of the baseball bat. The baseball bat is made of wood. Wooden bats are made on a machine called a lathe. The lathe spins the wood while the bat maker carves the wood away. Baseball bats can also be made of metal.
	Which property matches this object?	[ "smooth", "sticky" ]	0	Select the better answer.	closed choice	grade2	natural science	physics	Materials	Identify properties of an object	An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.	Look at the object. Think about each property. A sticky object can stick to other things. The glass bowl is not sticky. A smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The glass bowl is smooth.
	What is the capital of Nebraska?	[ "Indianapolis", "Knoxville", "Lincoln", "Omaha" ]	2		closed choice	grade3	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Midwest		Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska.
	Select the organism in the same genus as the Chinese alligator.	[ "Eriocheir sinensis", "Alligator mississippiensis", "Hyla japonica" ]	1	This organism is a Chinese alligator. Its scientific name is Alligator sinensis.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Scientific names	Use scientific names to classify organisms	Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.	A Chinese alligator's scientific name is Alligator sinensis. The first word of its scientific name is Alligator. Eriocheir sinensis and Alligator sinensis are not in the same genus. These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Eriocheir sinensis and Alligator sinensis have the same species name within their genus, sinensis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Eriocheir sinensis is in the genus Eriocheir, and Alligator sinensis is in the genus Alligator. Hyla japonica is in the genus Hyla. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. So, Hyla japonica and Alligator sinensis are not in the same genus. Alligator mississippiensis is in the genus Alligator. The first word of its scientific name is Alligator. So, Alligator mississippiensis and Alligator sinensis are in the same genus.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which is a compound sentence?	[ "The thermometer and the cough syrup are in the medicine cabinet next to the cotton balls.", "Amelia can eat the leftover tomato soup, or she can make herself a tuna sandwich." ]	1		closed choice	grade5	language science	grammar	Sentences, fragments, and run-ons	Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex?	A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence. the oranges on our tree are ripe The clause can stand alone. It is independent. after we pick up Kevin from work The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent. A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat. Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. We saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder. A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while. If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.	The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or. Amelia can eat the leftover tomato soup, or she can make herself a tuna sandwich.
	Is native copper a mineral?	[ "no", "yes" ]	1	Native copper has the following properties: solid not made by living things found in nature fixed crystal structure made of the metal copper	yes or no	grade6	natural science	earth-science	Rocks and minerals	Identify rocks and minerals	Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.	Native copper has all the properties of a mineral. So, native copper is a mineral.
Not supported with pagination yet	Choose the poem that uses anaphora.	[ "She stands there like a beacon through the night,\nA pale clear beacon where the storm-drift is—\nShe stands alone, a wonder deathly-white.\nShe stands there patient nerved with inner might.", "Again I reply to the triple winds\nrunning chromatic fifths of derision\noutside my window:\nPlay louder." ]	0	From William Carlos Williams, "January" and from Christina Rossetti, "A Soul"	closed choice	grade9	language science	reading-comprehension	Analyzing literature	Identify elements of poetry	Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms. Anaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines. Out of the cradle endlessly rocking, Out of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle, Out of the Ninth-month midnight —From Walt Whitman, "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" Onomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about. Sometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words: Tlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear. —From Alfred Noyes, "The Highwayman" Sometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words: Hark! the honey bee is humming. —From Mary Howitt, "The Voice of Spring" Alliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together. Where the wild men watched and waited Wolves in the forest, and bears in the bush. —From Bayard Taylor, "A Night with a Wolf" Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines. I wandered lonely as a Cloud That floats on high o'er Vales and Hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden Daffodils. —From William Wordsworth, "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" Meter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed. A poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable. He watches from his mountain walls, And like a thunderbolt he falls. —From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "The Eagle" A poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable. Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before. —From Edgar Allen Poe, "The Raven" Free verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern. The old bridge has a wrinkled face. He bends his back For us to go over. —From Hilda Conkling, "The Old Bridge" The syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.	This poem uses anaphora. It repeats the same word or words at the beginning of multiple lines or phrases. She stands alone, a wonder deathly-white. She stands there patient nerved with inner might.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which tense does the sentence use? Ariana parked her scooter in front of the store.	[ "past tense", "future tense", "present tense" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	language science	verbs	Verb tense	Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?	Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed. Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms. Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen. All future-tense verbs use the word will. Present \| Past \| Future walk, walks \| walked \| will walk go, goes \| went \| will go	The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, parked. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.
	Which better describes the Champagne Vent ecosystem?	[ "It has no sunlight. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground.", "It has shallow water. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground." ]	0	Figure: Champagne Vent. Champagne Vent is a deep sea ecosystem near Japan.	closed choice	grade3	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Describe ecosystems	An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there	The deep sea is a type of ecosystem. Deep sea ecosystems have the following features: water at the bottom of the ocean, no sunlight, and organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. So, Champagne Vent has no sunlight. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground.
	Which of these states is farthest east?	[ "Iowa", "California", "Idaho", "North Dakota" ]	0		closed choice	grade5	social science	geography	Maps	Read a map: cardinal directions	Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.	To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Iowa is farthest east.
	Which is this organism's scientific name?	[ "Gymnothorax funebris", "green moray eel" ]	0	This organism is a green moray eel. It is also called Gymnothorax funebris.	closed choice	grade7	natural science	biology	Classification and scientific names	Identify common and scientific names	An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.	Gymnothorax funebris is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, Gymnothorax funebris is the scientific name.
	What can Felipe and Kevin trade to each get what they want?	[ "Felipe can trade his tomatoes for Kevin's sandwich.", "Kevin can trade his almonds for Felipe's tomatoes.", "Felipe can trade his tomatoes for Kevin's broccoli.", "Kevin can trade his broccoli for Felipe's oranges." ]	2	Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Felipe and Kevin open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Felipe wanted broccoli in his lunch and Kevin was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.	closed choice	grade6	social science	economics	Basic economic principles	Trade and specialization		Felipe wanted broccoli in his lunch and Kevin was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Felipe has tomatoes. Kevin has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?	[ "Last winter, Matthew took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.", "Last winter, Matthew took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week." ]	1		closed choice	grade9	language science	writing-strategies	Word usage and nuance	Explore words with new or contested usages	Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner. When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences. Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam. The traditional usage above is considered more standard. David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages. The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.	The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Matthew tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless. Last winter, Matthew took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week. The first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Matthew's friends were in Florida the week before. Last winter, Matthew took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week. Most style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which phrase has a more positive connotation?	[ "a peculiar object", "a unique object" ]	1		closed choice	grade6	language science	vocabulary	Shades of meaning	Positive and negative connotation	Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations. For example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations. Eager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited. Impatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.	A unique object has a more positive connotation. Unique and peculiar both denote unusualness. However, unique suggests something is special, while peculiar suggests something is strange or weird.
	Which statement describes the Peary Land ecosystem?	[ "It has warm summers and cool winters.", "It has soil that is frozen year-round." ]	1	Figure: Peary Land. Peary Land is a tundra ecosystem in northern Greenland. It is part of Northeast Greenland National Park. That park is one of the largest national parks in the world, covering about 375,000 square miles.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Ecosystems	Describe ecosystems	An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there	A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the following statements describe the Peary Land ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has mostly small plants. It has soil that is frozen year-round. The following statement does not describe Peary Land: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has warm summers and cool winters.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which is the softest?	[ "cotton head band", "brick path", "glass window" ]	0		closed choice	grade4	natural science	physics	Materials	Compare properties of materials	Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy. For example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.	Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when pressed or squeezed. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the cotton head band is the softest. If you squeeze cotton fabric, it will change shape.
	Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?	[ "weather", "climate" ]	1	Figure: Cape Verde. Trade winds are steady winds that blow towards the equator. In Cape Verde, which is located in the Northern hemisphere, they blow from the northeast almost every day. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	earth-science	Weather and climate	Weather and climate around the world	The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.	Read the passage carefully. Trade winds are steady winds that blow towards the equator. In Cape Verde, which is located in the Northern hemisphere, they blow from the northeast almost every day. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in Cape Verde. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.
Not supported with pagination yet	What information supports the conclusion that William acquired this trait?	[ "William's friend taught him how to fly a kite.", "William's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite.", "William likes to fly a kite with his younger brother." ]	0	Read the description of a trait. William knows how to fly a kite.	closed choice	grade8	natural science	biology	Genes to traits	Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement	Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which text structure does the text use?	[ "compare-contrast", "cause-effect" ]	0	Read the text. Canoes and kayaks are both great for exploring lakes and rivers. Both are light boats, easy to paddle and good in shallow water. They're not exactly the same, though. Canoes are larger and more open, with space for two or three people and supplies. Kayaks are usually covered on top with an opening for just one person. A canoe paddle has a single blade, that is, just one end that dips into the water. The kayak usually has a double-bladed paddle instead. The kayaker paddles by dipping in one blade, then the other.	closed choice	grade4	language science	writing-strategies	Text structure	Identify text structures	Writers can organize their ideas in different ways. These ways of organizing writing are called text structures. When you can tell how a text is organized, it's easier to understand how the writer's ideas go together. You can also use these text structures to organize your own writing. \| Text structure \| Where you might find it \| Words and phrases to look for A sequential structure tells you about events that happen in a certain order. \| a recipe for how to make a blueberry pie \| first, until, second, after, next, then, before, finally, during A cause-effect structure shows the causes and the effects, or results, of an event. \| an essay about how recycling helps the environment \| because, led to, since, as a result, due to, so, reason A problem-solution structure explains a problem and offers possible solutions. \| an article about ways to get more people to vote \| issue, suggest, question, puzzle, fix, answer A compare-contrast structure shows how two (or more) things are the same or different. \| a chapter about the differences between whales and sharks \| like, unlike, too, on the other hand, both, while, same, instead, common, different, as well as, however A descriptive structure tells you a list of details about an object, scene, or topic. \| a paragraph about what Tyrannosaurus rex looked like\| for example, near, for instance beside, such as, most important, also	The text uses a compare-contrast structure to show how canoes and kayaks are alike and different. In the text, certain words and phrases help to organize ideas in a compare-contrast structure. Notice the words both, larger, and instead, as well as the phrase not exactly the same.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Did you really vote for Hassan as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?	[ "hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence", "guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" ]	1		closed choice	grade8	language science	writing-strategies	Developing and supporting arguments	Classify logical fallacies	A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy \| Description ad hominem \| a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature \| an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy \| an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning \| an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association \| an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring \| the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy \| Description false causation \| the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy \| an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization \| a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man \| a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against	The text argues that Hassan can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Hassan can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.
Not supported with pagination yet	Select the vertebrate.	[ "Bactrian camel", "flower hat jellyfish", "diving beetle", "saturn butterfly" ]	0	Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.	closed choice	grade5	natural science	biology	Classification	Identify vertebrates and invertebrates	Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals. A vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange. An invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.	A diving beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a diving beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A saturn butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a saturn butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A Bactrian camel is a mammal. Like other mammals, a Bactrian camel is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. Like other jellyfishes, a flower hat jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.
	Which continent is highlighted?	[ "Africa", "Australia", "Europe", "Antarctica" ]	1		closed choice	grade8	social science	geography	Physical Geography	Oceans and continents	A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.	This continent is Australia.
Not supported with pagination yet	Which correctly shows the title of a book?	[ "*When It Passes By*", "\"When It Passes By\"" ]	0		closed choice	grade6	language science	punctuation	Formatting	Formatting titles	The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead. A Midsummer Night's Dream The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks. "You Are My Sunshine"	A book should be in italics. The correct title is When It Passes By.
	What is the capital of Georgia?	[ "Chicago", "Billings", "Atlanta", "Columbia" ]	2		closed choice	grade4	social science	geography	State capitals	Identify state capitals of the Southeast		Atlanta is the capital of Georgia.
Not supported with pagination yet	What does the Tenth Amendment say about government powers that are not listed in the Constitution?	[ "If the Constitution does not give a power to the United States government, the power belongs to the state governments or the people.", "The United States government has any power, even if it isn't listed in the Constitution.", "If the Constitution does not give a power to the United States government, no one can have that power." ]	0		closed choice	grade4	social science	civics	Government	The Bill of Rights		According to the Tenth Amendment, the Constitution lists all of the powers given to the United States government. If the Constitution does not give a power to the United States government, the power belongs to the state governments or the people. The full text of the Tenth Amendment is below. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

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What kind of sentence is this? Which local reservoirs supply our town with its fresh water?

[ "declarative", "exclamatory", "interrogative" ]

2

closed choice

grade6

language science

punctuation

Sentences, fragments, and run-ons

Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?

There are four kinds of sentences. A declarative sentence is a statement, and it always ends with a period. The nurse told Mr. Abrams to roll up his sleeve so that she could check his blood pressure. An interrogative sentence is a question, and it always ends with a question mark. Do you have any plans for the upcoming weekend? An imperative sentence is a command. It makes a request or tells someone to do something, and it usually ends with a period. If the command shows strong feeling, it ends with an exclamation point. For this assignment, use references to support your claims. Don't drive so quickly in the construction zone! An exclamatory sentence is like a statement, but it shows surprise or strong feeling. An exclamatory sentence always ends with an exclamation point. I can't wait to travel through Europe this summer!

The sentence asks something, and it ends with a question mark. It is an interrogative sentence.

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What is the volume of a test tube?

[ "18 milliliters", "18 liters" ]

0

Select the better estimate.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

units-and-measurement

Units and measurement

Choose metric units of volume

Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up. There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters. There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter. A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.

The better estimate for the volume of a test tube is 18 milliliters. 18 liters is too much.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[ "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.", "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]

0

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Magnets

Compare strengths of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 1 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 2. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

What is the capital of New Mexico?

[ "Cheyenne", "Santa Fe", "Juneau", "Albuquerque" ]

1

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the West

Santa Fe is the capital of New Mexico.

Based on the text, how does a sloth's fur help protect it?

[ "A sloth's fur protects its important organs.", "A sloth's fur helps it hide from predators.", "A sloth's fur helps it cling to tree branches." ]

1

Read the text about sloths. Sloths are known for being one of the slowest animals on the planet. They also sleep up to twenty hours every day. Even though sloths are lethargic, they manage to stay safe by living in the treetops of South and Central America. Sloths have special qualities that help them spend their lives hanging from branches. For example, sloths' long fur grows in the opposite direction from that of most animals. Most animals' fur grows downward, which helps rainwater run down off the animal. Sloths' fur, however, grows upward. When a sloth is hanging upside down, rainwater is still directed off its body. This helps the sloth dry off more quickly. Sloth fur has another special purpose. Each strand of fur has grooves that collect algae. The algae give the sloth a greenish color, which helps it blend in with its leafy environment. Along with sloths' slow movement, this disguise makes sloths hard for predators to spot. Sloths also have long, curved claws on their front and back legs. Sloths can use their claws to protect themselves from predators. More importantly, the long, sharp claws curve around branches for a powerful grip. In this way, sloths' claws keep them from slipping and falling out of trees. Hanging upside down all day can be hard for other reasons. In most animals, hanging would cause the stomach, heart, and other organs to press on the lungs. Not for sloths, though. Sloths have special bands of tissue called adhesions that help attach certain organs to the rib cage. These bands of tissue hold the organs in place so they don't press down on the sloth's lungs. Thus the sloth stays healthy and comfortable while hanging in its upside-down world.

closed choice

grade5

language science

reading-comprehension

Informational texts: level 1

Read passages about animals

Look at the text in bold below. It tells you two ways a sloth's fur helps protect it. For example, sloths' long fur grows in the opposite direction from that of most animals. Most animals' fur grows downward, which helps rainwater run down off the animal. Sloths' fur, however, grows upward. When a sloth is hanging upside down, rainwater is still directed off its body. This helps the sloth dry off more quickly. Sloth fur has another special purpose. Each strand of fur has grooves that collect algae. The algae give the sloth a greenish color, which helps it blend in with its leafy environment. Along with sloths' slow movement, this disguise makes sloths hard for predators to spot.

Select the bird below.

[ "bald eagle", "goldfish" ]

0

Birds have feathers, two wings, and a beak. A woodpecker is an example of a bird.

closed choice

grade2

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians

Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.

A goldfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. A bald eagle is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.

Which country is highlighted?

[ "Tuvalu", "Tonga", "Fiji", "Samoa" ]

1

closed choice

grade6

social science

geography

Oceania: geography

Identify and select countries of Oceania

This country is Tonga.

Which of the following best describes an ecosystem in a tropical cloud forest in Costa Rica?

[ "the orchids and the bromeliads", "the strangler fig trees, the mosses, and the fog", "the Schroeder's oncidium orchids" ]

1

Read the passage. Then answer the question below. The Monteverde tropical cloud forest in Costa Rica is located about 1,500 meters above sea level. At this high elevation, moisture in the air forms a thick fog that resembles a cloud. The fog collects as droplets on plants and drips into the soil. Tropical cloud forests have a lot of epiphytes, or plants that grow on trees. Strangler fig trees in the Monteverde cloud forest are often covered in epiphytes such as mosses, bromeliads, and orchids. There are hundreds of orchid species in Monteverde, such as the Schroeder's oncidium orchid. Figure: moss and a bromeliad plant growing on a tree in a cloud forest.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Ecosystems

Describe populations, communities, and ecosystems

In an environment, organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings. To help describe these interactions, ecologists use specific terms for different types of groups. A single organism is an individual. Individuals of the same species that live in the same place are part of a population. Multiple populations of different species that live in the same place are part of a community. Together, communities of living organisms and the nonliving parts of their environment make up an ecosystem.

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How long is a road from one end of a city to the other?

[ "3 feet", "3 miles", "3 yards", "3 inches" ]

1

Select the best estimate.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

units-and-measurement

Units and measurement

Choose customary units of distance, mass, and volume

Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. When you are using customary units, length may be written with units of inches, feet, yards, or miles. There are 12 inches in 1 foot, and 3 feet in 1 yard. There are 5,280 feet in 1 mile. A football is about 1 foot long. A football field is 100 yards long.

The best estimate for the length of a road from one end of a city to the other is 3 miles. 3 inches, 3 feet, and 3 yards are all too short.

Which country is highlighted?

[ "Tuvalu", "the Marshall Islands", "Vanuatu", "Nauru" ]

3

closed choice

grade6

social science

geography

Oceania: geography

Identify and select countries of Oceania

This country is Nauru.

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Is this a run-on sentence? In an effort to deter counterfeiters, the central bank of Norway wanted to redesign the nation's currency and sponsored a competition to find a fresh look for the banknotes.

[ "no", "yes" ]

0

yes or no

grade12

language science

writing-strategies

Sentences, fragments, and run-ons

Identify run-on sentences

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily because we have a concert in two weeks. A run-on sentence is formed when two sentences are run together, joined by just a comma or by no punctuation at all. If only a comma is used, the run-on is called a comma splice. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, we have a concert in two weeks. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily we have a concert in two weeks. There are several ways to fix a run-on sentence: Use stronger punctuation, such as a period or a semicolon. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily. We have a concert in two weeks. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily; we have a concert in two weeks. Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. Coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, and so. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily, and we have a concert in two weeks. Use a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun to create a complex sentence. Subordinating conjunctions include after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, and while. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, whom, and whose. The band I'm in has been rehearsing daily since we have a concert in two weeks.

This is not a run-on sentence. It is not formed from two sentences that have been run together without appropriate punctuation. In an effort to deter counterfeiters, the central bank of Norway wanted to redesign the nation's currency and sponsored a competition to find a fresh look for the banknotes.

What is the name of the colony shown?

[ "New York", "North Carolina", "Georgia", "Virginia" ]

1

closed choice

grade5

social science

us-history

English colonies in North America

Identify the Thirteen Colonies

The colony is North Carolina.

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Which greeting is correct for a letter?

[ "Dear mrs. petersen,", "Dear Mrs. Petersen," ]

1

closed choice

grade4

language science

punctuation

Formatting

Greetings and closings of letters

A letter starts with a greeting and ends with a closing. For each one, capitalize the first word and end with a comma. You should also capitalize proper nouns, such as Aunt Sue. Dear Aunt Sue, I'm glad you could come to my party, and thank you for the birthday gift. I could not have asked for a better one! Every time I see it, I think of you. With love, Rory

The second greeting is correct: Its first word is capitalized, and it ends with a comma. Mrs. Petersen is capitalized because it is a proper noun.

Which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles?

[ "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A", "Solution B" ]

1

The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each purple ball represents one particle of solute.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

chemistry

Solutions

Compare concentrations of solutions

A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter. Solution A has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of purple particles.

Select the organism in the same genus as the black-footed cat.

[ "Lynx lynx", "Felis chaus", "Lynx canadensis" ]

1

This organism is a black-footed cat. Its scientific name is Felis nigripes.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

biology

Classification and scientific names

Use scientific names to classify organisms

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

A black-footed cat's scientific name is Felis nigripes. The first word of its scientific name is Felis. Felis chaus is in the genus Felis. The first word of its scientific name is Felis. So, Felis chaus and Felis nigripes are in the same genus. Lynx lynx is in the genus Lynx. The first word of its scientific name is Lynx. So, Lynx lynx and Felis nigripes are not in the same genus. Lynx canadensis is in the genus Lynx. The first word of its scientific name is Lynx. So, Lynx canadensis and Felis nigripes are not in the same genus.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]

0

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

physics

Velocity, acceleration, and forces

Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when the magnets are larger.

Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The larger the magnets, the greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is larger in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

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Which object has the most thermal energy?

[ "a 9-kilogram bucket of water at a temperature of 14°C", "a 9-kilogram bucket of water at a temperature of 21°C", "a 9-kilogram bucket of water at a temperature of 35°C" ]

2

The objects are identical except for their temperatures.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Heat and thermal energy

How is temperature related to thermal energy?

All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.

All three buckets of water have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 35°C bucket of water is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.

What is the capital of Mississippi?

[ "Jackson", "Biloxi", "Cambridge", "Portland" ]

0

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Jackson is the capital of Mississippi.

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Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? three - tub

[ "tea", "tide" ]

1

closed choice

grade5

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since tide is between the guide words three - tub, it would be found on that page.

Can Victoria amazonica cells make their own food?

[ "no", "yes" ]

1

This organism is Victoria amazonica. It is a member of the plant kingdom. Victoria amazonica is commonly called the giant water lily. A single leaf can be over eight feet wide! The giant water lily grows in shallow water in the Amazon river basin.

yes or no

grade5

natural science

biology

Classification

Describe, classify, and compare kingdoms

Victoria amazonica is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis.

In this food web, which organism contains matter that eventually moves to the mushroom?

[ "lichen", "snowy owl" ]

0

Below is a food web from a tundra ecosystem in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Ecological interactions

Interpret food webs II

A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.

Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the mushroom.There are two paths matter can take from the barren-ground caribou to the mushroom: barren-ground caribou->mushroom. barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->mushroom. snowy owl. The only arrow pointing from the snowy owl leads to the earthworm. No arrows point from the earthworm to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the snowy owl to the mushroom.. There is one path matter can take from the bilberry to the mushroom: bilberry->grizzly bear->mushroom. There is one path matter can take from the grizzly bear to the mushroom: grizzly bear->mushroom. There are two paths matter can take from the lichen to the mushroom: lichen->barren-ground caribou->mushroom. lichen->barren-ground caribou->grizzly bear->mushroom.

Which type of relationship is formed when a feather mite lives on a barn swallow's feathers?

[ "parasitic", "mutualistic", "commensal" ]

2

Read the passage. Then answer the question. A barn swallow preens, or grooms its feathers, by coating them in a thin layer of oil. The oil comes from a small organ near the swallow's tail, called the preen gland. The oil from the preen gland keeps the swallow's feathers strong and flexible. The oil is also used by a small arachnid called a feather mite. The feather mite lives on the swallow's feathers and eats some of the oil. But, this type of mite does not affect the growth or condition of the swallow's feathers. Figure: a barn swallow preening.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Ecological interactions

Classify symbiotic relationships

When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected. This table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship. Type of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species... Commensal | benefits | is not significantly affected Mutualistic | benefits | benefits Parasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed)

When a feather mite lives on a barn swallow's feathers, the mite gets food and a place to live. So, the mite benefits from its relationship with the swallow. The swallow is not helped by the mite, but the swallow is not harmed, either. So, the swallow is not significantly affected by its relationship with the mite. Since the mite benefits and the swallow is not significantly affected, a commensal relationship is formed when a feather mite lives on a barn swallow's feathers.

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Which text uses the word peruse in its traditional sense?

[ "Colin perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly.", "Colin perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift." ]

1

closed choice

grade12

language science

writing-strategies

Word usage and nuance

Explore words with new or contested usages

Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner. When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences. Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam. The traditional usage above is considered more standard. David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages. The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.

The second text uses peruse in its traditional sense: to examine in detail. Colin perused a catalog from his wife's favorite clothing store, searching for the perfect birthday gift. The first text uses peruse in its nontraditional sense: to look through in a casual manner. Colin perused a clothing catalog as he waited for his appointment, flipping through the pages distractedly. Most style guides recommend to use the traditional sense of the word peruse because it is considered more standard.

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Suppose Darell decides to join the Theater Club. Which result would be a cost?

[ "Darell will have more fun in the Theater Club than he would have had in the Photography Club.", "Darell will spend more time in the Theater Club than he would have spent in the Photography Club." ]

1

Darell is deciding whether to join the Theater Club or the Photography Club at school. He wants the club he joins to be fun. But he doesn't want it to take up too much time.

closed choice

grade5

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Costs and benefits

Before you decide to do something, it is often helpful to list costs and benefits. Costs are what you give up or spend when you decide to do something. Costs involve giving up things that you want or need. Benefits are what you gain or save when you decide to do something. Benefits involve gaining something that you want or need.

This result is a cost. It involves giving up or spending something that Darell wants or needs: Darell will spend more time in the Theater Club than he would have spent in the Photography Club.

What is the capital of Oklahoma?

[ "Oklahoma City", "Tallahassee", "Jefferson City", "Atlanta" ]

0

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Oklahoma City is the capital of Oklahoma.

Is native gold a mineral or a rock?

[ "mineral", "rock" ]

0

Native gold has the following properties: metallic luster made of the metal gold found in nature fixed crystal structure not made by living things solid

closed choice

grade8

natural science

earth-science

Rocks and minerals

Identify rocks and minerals

Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property | Mineral | Rock It is a solid. | Yes | Yes It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes It is a pure substance. | Yes | No It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither. Look closely at the last three properties: Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks. A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!

Native gold has all the properties of a mineral. So, native gold is a mineral.

Which of the following could Josiah's test show?

[ "if the sample fabric would absorb one drop of water in less than one second", "how long it would take the sample fabric to dry after it absorbed one drop of water", "how much athletes would sweat in the fabric" ]

1

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Josiah, a materials engineer, was developing a quick-drying fabric for athletic clothing. The fabric needed to absorb one drop of water in less than one second and dry completely in less than five minutes. Josiah thought a fabric made from cotton and polyester would both absorb water well and dry quickly. But he needed to decide what percentage of each material to use. So, he made a sample fabric that was 50% cotton and 50% polyester. Then he put one drop of water on the sample. He timed how long it took the fabric to dry after the water was absorbed. Figure: fabric that has not absorbed drops of water.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Engineering practices

Evaluate tests of engineering-design solutions

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. How can you determine what a test can show? You need to figure out what was tested and what was measured. Imagine an engineer needs to design a bridge for a windy location. She wants to make sure the bridge will not move too much in high wind. So, she builds a smaller prototype, or model, of a bridge. Then, she exposes the prototype to high winds and measures how much the bridge moves. First, identify what was tested. A test can examine one design, or it may compare multiple prototypes to each other. In the test described above, the engineer tested a prototype of a bridge in high wind. Then, identify what the test measured. One of the criteria for the bridge was that it not move too much in high winds. The test measured how much the prototype bridge moved. Tests can show how well one or more designs meet the criteria. The test described above can show whether the bridge would move too much in high winds.

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Using only these supplies, which question can Jacob investigate with an experiment?

[ "Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored in a paper bag or in a plastic bag?", "Does white sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days if the bread is stored inside or outside the refrigerator?", "Does white or whole wheat sandwich bread grow visible mold in fewer days?" ]

1

Jacob starts to make a sandwich, but he sees mold on the bread! He wonders what factors affect how mold grows on bread. So, he decides to design an experiment. He has the following supplies available: two loaves of white sandwich bread a small plastic bag a large plastic bag a refrigerator

closed choice

grade8

natural science

science-and-engineering-practices

Designing experiments

Identify questions that can be investigated with a set of materials

Experiments can be designed to answer specific questions. When designing an experiment, you must identify the supplies that are necessary to answer your question. In order to do this, you need to figure out what will be tested and what will be measured during the experiment. Imagine that you are wondering if plants grow to different heights when planted in different types of soil. How might you decide what supplies are necessary to conduct this experiment? First, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be tested, which is the independent variable. This is usually the part of the experiment that is different or changed. In this case, you would like to know how plants grow in different types of soil. So, you must have different types of soil available. Next, you need to identify the part of the experiment that will be measured or observed, which is the dependent variable. In this experiment, you would like to know if some plants grow taller than others. So, you must be able to compare the plants' heights. To do this, you can observe which plants are taller by looking at them, or you can measure their exact heights with a meterstick. So, if you have different types of soil and can observe or measure the heights of your plants, then you have the supplies you need to investigate your question with an experiment!

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Which word does not rhyme?

[ "sweet", "ride", "meet" ]

1

closed choice

grade1

language science

phonological-awareness

Rhyming

Which word does not rhyme?

Rhyming words are words that end with the same sound. The words tip and slip rhyme. They both end with the ip sound. The words lake and make rhyme. They both end with the ake sound. The words tip and lake don't rhyme. They end with different sounds.

The words sweet and meet rhyme. They both end with the eet sound. The word ride does not rhyme. It ends with a different sound.

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Which correctly shows the title of a TV show?

[ "***Pinky and the Brain***", "\"Pinky and the Brain\"" ]

0

closed choice

grade3

language science

punctuation

Formatting

Formatting titles

The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead. A Midsummer Night's Dream The title of a poem, song, or article should be in quotation marks. "You Are My Sunshine"

A TV show should be in italics. The correct title is **Pinky and the Brain**.

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Which tense does the sentence use? Kristen will play the guitar after dinner.

[ "past tense", "present tense", "future tense" ]

2

closed choice

grade4

language science

verbs

Verb tense

Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?

Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed. Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms. Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen. All future-tense verbs use the word will. Present | Past | Future walk, walks | walked | will walk go, goes | went | will go

The sentence is in future tense. You can tell because it uses will before the main verb, play. The verb tells you about something that is going to happen.

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Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[ "How are they working to improve technologies that turn the sun's energy directly into electricity?", "How are scientists working to improve technologies that turn the sun's energy directly into electricity?" ]

0

closed choice

grade7

language science

writing-strategies

Pronouns and antecedents

Identify vague pronoun references

When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent. When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief. The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways: 1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent: When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief. 2. Rewrite the sentence: Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed. A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent. They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent. The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. They has been replaced with scientists. How are scientists working to improve technologies that turn the sun's energy directly into electricity?

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Is the following trait inherited or acquired? Betty can fly a helicopter.

[ "inherited", "acquired" ]

1

Hint: Pilots have to learn how to fly a helicopter.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

biology

Traits and heredity

Identify inherited and acquired traits

Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down through families. Children gain these traits from their parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Children do not inherit their parents' acquired traits.

People are not born knowing how to fly a helicopter. Instead, some people learn how to fly helicopters. So, flying a helicopter is an acquired trait.

What is the name of the colony shown?

[ "South Carolina", "Virginia", "Rhode Island", "Maryland" ]

0

closed choice

grade4

social science

us-history

English colonies in North America

Identify the Thirteen Colonies

The colony is South Carolina.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "Europe", "South America", "Antarctica", "North America" ]

1

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

Oceans and continents

Identify oceans and continents

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is South America.

Which ocean is highlighted?

[ "the Atlantic Ocean", "the Arctic Ocean", "the Southern Ocean", "the Indian Ocean" ]

2

closed choice

grade6

social science

geography

Physical Geography

Oceans and continents

Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.

This is the Southern Ocean. The Southern Ocean reaches from the shores of Antarctica to 60° South latitude.

What type of rock is schist?

[ "igneous", "sedimentary", "metamorphic" ]

2

Schist can form when a rock is changed by high temperature and pressure. This piece of schist formed from a sedimentary rock. Schist forms deep below the earth's surface. Schist is made of minerals such as mica, chlorite, and graphite.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

earth-science

Rocks and minerals

Classify rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic

Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it. Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together, or compacted, to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface. Metamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by very high temperature and pressure. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.

Schist is a metamorphic rock. Like other metamorphic rocks, it forms when a rock is changed by high temperature and pressure. Heat and pressure can change the type and arrangement of minerals in a rock. This change forms a new rock with different properties. Schist can form when sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rocks are changed by heat and pressure. Shale and slate are two rocks that can change into schist.

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Where are the main offices of the federal government?

[ "in New York City", "in Washington, D.C.", "in Los Angeles, California", "in Chicago, Illinois" ]

1

closed choice

grade2

social science

civics

Government

Federal government

The main offices of the federal government are in Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., is the capital of the United States. A capital city is where the major government offices are. Washington, D.C., is on the East Coast, between Virginia and Maryland. The letters "D.C." stand for District of Columbia. The District of Columbia is a special area that is not a part of any state. Washington, D.C.

What is the capital of Kansas?

[ "Kansas City", "Wichita", "Topeka", "Santa Fe" ]

2

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Midwest

Topeka is the capital of Kansas.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[ "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.", "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]

0

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Magnets

Compare strengths of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

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Is the following statement true or false? Animal cells are filled with cytoplasm.

[ "false", "true" ]

1

true-or false

grade4

natural science

biology

Cells

Cell part functions: true or false

Animal cells are filled with cytoplasm. This statement is true. All cells have cytoplasm. The cytoplasm fills and maintains the space inside the cell.

Which is this organism's scientific name?

[ "Amphiprion percula", "orange clownfish" ]

0

This organism is Amphiprion percula. It is also called an orange clownfish.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Classification and scientific names

Identify common and scientific names

An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.

Amphiprion percula is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, Amphiprion percula is the scientific name.

Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.

[ "to the left than to the right", "to the right than to the left" ]

0

The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

chemistry

Solutions

Diffusion across membranes

In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion. As a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same. Membranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other. So, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.

Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion. Before the solute particles reached equilibrium, there was 1 solute particle on the left side of the membrane and 5 solute particles on the right side of the membrane. When the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 3 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There were 2 more solute particles on the left side of the membrane than before. So, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.

Based on the time line, which event happens earlier?

[ "California's population grows past 300,000.", "Gold becomes harder to find in California." ]

1

This time line shows important events during the California Gold Rush.

closed choice

grade5

language science

writing-strategies

Visual elements

Read graphic organizers

A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another. When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them. When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.

A time line shows the order of events by placing them along a line. This time line shows important events during the California Gold Rush. Look at how the events are ordered on the time line. Events that happened earlier are shown to the left. Events that happened later are shown to the right. Gold becomes harder to find in California is shown farther to the left than California's population grows past 300,000. So, Gold becomes harder to find in California earlier.

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Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[ "The recipe says to mix the black beans with the chopped tomatoes, but Scott forgot to buy them.", "The recipe says to mix the black beans with the chopped tomatoes, but Scott forgot to buy the black beans." ]

0

closed choice

grade7

language science

writing-strategies

Pronouns and antecedents

Identify vague pronoun references

When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent. When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief. The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways: 1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent: When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief. 2. Rewrite the sentence: Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed. A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent. They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent. The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them could refer to the black beans or the chopped tomatoes. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the black beans. The recipe says to mix the black beans with the chopped tomatoes, but Scott forgot to buy the black beans.

What can Kevin and Emily trade to each get what they want?

[ "Kevin can trade his tomatoes for Emily's carrots.", "Kevin can trade his tomatoes for Emily's broccoli.", "Emily can trade her broccoli for Kevin's oranges.", "Emily can trade her almonds for Kevin's tomatoes." ]

1

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Kevin and Emily open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Kevin nor Emily got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Kevin's lunch Emily's lunch

closed choice

grade8

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Look at the table and images. Kevin wants broccoli. Emily wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

What is the capital of Iowa?

[ "Pierre", "Des Moines", "Burlington", "Frankfort" ]

1

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Midwest

Des Moines is the capital of Iowa.

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Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

[ "Andy sent them the transcript from his old college, but he still wasn't granted an exemption from English 101.", "Andy sent the registrar's office the transcript from his old college, but he still wasn't granted an exemption from English 101." ]

0

closed choice

grade11

language science

writing-strategies

Pronouns

Identify vague pronoun references

When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent. When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief. The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways: 1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent: When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief. 2. Rewrite the sentence: Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed. A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent. They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent. The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.

The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun them is used without its antecedent. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. Them has been replaced with the registrar's office. Andy sent the registrar's office the transcript from his old college, but he still wasn't granted an exemption from English 101.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "North America", "Asia", "Europe", "Australia" ]

0

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

Oceans and continents

Identify oceans and continents

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is North America.

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Which is a simple sentence?

[ "Coffee beans are the seeds of the coffee plant.", "You can eat those blueberries, or you can try these cherries." ]

0

closed choice

grade3

language science

grammar

Sentences, fragments, and run-ons

Is the sentence simple or compound?

A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate. The pitcher threw the ball to first base. A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. The pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it. Some simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences. Anna and James will watch the fireworks tonight. This simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James. The singers bowed and walked off the stage. This simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat. This is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.

The first sentence is the simple sentence. It has one subject and predicate. Coffee beans are the seeds of the coffee plant.

What is the capital of Connecticut?

[ "Bridgeport", "Topeka", "Hartford", "Lansing" ]

2

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Northeast

Hartford is the capital of Connecticut.

What can Daniel and Quincy trade to each get what they want?

[ "Quincy can trade his almonds for Daniel's tomatoes.", "Quincy can trade his broccoli for Daniel's oranges.", "Daniel can trade his tomatoes for Quincy's carrots.", "Daniel can trade his tomatoes for Quincy's broccoli." ]

3

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Daniel and Quincy open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Daniel nor Quincy got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Daniel's lunch Quincy's lunch

closed choice

grade7

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Look at the table and images. Daniel wants broccoli. Quincy wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

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Read the following excerpt from a student essay. How can the writer best improve his or her narrative voice? During our last game, our pitcher Hansen suddenly grabbed his wrist after throwing a fastball. Coach Chu asked him if he was OK, and Hansen said that it hurt. None of us knew what was wrong with him and he was whisked off to the doctor, who ultimately diagnosed a forearm strain and wrist tendinitis. After three weeks of rehabilitation, Hansen finally returned. Coach Chu said he was glad Hansen was back, and Hansen said he was happy and relieved.

[ "by removing biased language", "by using active voice", "by adding dialogue" ]

2

closed choice

grade12

language science

writing-strategies

Editing and revising

Suggest appropriate revisions

During peer review, you read and respond to a fellow student's writing. While there are many methods and strategies that you can use for reviewing a text, it is generally helpful to frame your suggestions in concrete and constructive ways and to consider the following areas for revision: Ideas and development: Does the writer express a clear idea and develop it with evidence, examples, or analysis? Organization: Does the writer order ideas in a clear, logical way so that they build on one another and are easy to follow? Voice: Does the writer maintain an appropriate voice, such as a formal and objective voice in an academic essay or an engaging and expressive voice in a narrative essay? Sentence fluency: Does the writer use sentences that vary in structure and length to create a sense of rhythm and flow within and between sentences, or does the writing sound choppy, rambling, or repetitive? Word choice: Does the writer use words accurately and precisely to create clear, effective, and engaging writing? Grammar and mechanics: Does the writer follow appropriate conventions, using accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar to create writing that is correct and easy to read?

The writer could best improve his or her narrative voice by adding dialogue. For example, the writer could replace the underlined sentences with exchanges between Coach Chu and Hansen. During our last game, our pitcher Hansen suddenly grabbed his wrist after throwing a fastball. Coach Chu asked him if he was OK, and Hansen said that it hurt. None of us knew what was wrong with him and he was whisked off to the doctor, who ultimately diagnosed a forearm strain and wrist tendinitis. After three weeks of rehabilitation, Hansen finally returned. Coach Chu said he was glad Hansen was back, and Hansen said he was happy and relieved.

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Which is a compound sentence?

[ "Bison once roamed freely across the Great Plains of the United States.", "The umpire called the pitch a strike, so our team lost the game." ]

1

closed choice

grade5

language science

grammar

Sentences, fragments, and run-ons

Is the sentence simple or compound?

A simple sentence is a sentence with only one subject and predicate. The pitcher threw the ball to first base. A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and a conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. The pitcher threw the ball, and the batter hit it. Some simple sentences have a compound subject or a compound predicate, but they are not compound sentences. Anna and James will watch the fireworks tonight. This simple sentence has a compound subject, Anna and James. The singers bowed and walked off the stage. This simple sentence has a compound predicate, bowed and walked off the stage. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but they are not compound sentences. The introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Farmer Ben wears his heavy coat. This is a simple sentence. There is one subject, Farmer Ben, and one predicate, wears his heavy coat in the winter.

The first sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two simple sentences joined by a comma and the conjunction so. The umpire called the pitch a strike, so our team lost the game.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[ "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2." ]

2

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Magnets

Compare strengths of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.

Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

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Based on this information, what is this rainbow trout's genotype for the body color gene?

[ "bb", "a blue body" ]

0

In a group of rainbow trout, some individuals have a greenish-brown body and others have a blue body. In this group, the gene for the body color trait has two alleles. The allele B is for a greenish-brown body, and the allele b is for a blue body. A certain rainbow trout from this group has a blue body. This trout has two alleles for a blue body.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype

All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.

An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The rainbow trout has two alleles for a blue body (b). So, the trout's genotype for the body color gene is bb.

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What does the allusion in this text suggest? When Brianna claimed she had loaded the dishwasher before turning on Dancing with the Stars, her mother replied, "Your nose is growing!"

[ "Brianna was lying.", "Brianna was goofy." ]

0

closed choice

grade8

language science

figurative-language

Literary devices

Interpret figures of speech

Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. An allusion is a brief reference to something or someone well known, often from history or literature. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked.

The text uses an allusion, a brief reference to someone or something well known. The allusion nose is growing suggests that Brianna was lying. In the story of Pinocchio, when Pinocchio lies, his nose grows longer.

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Select the description that doesn't belong.

[ "clever", "foolish", "friendly", "unintelligent" ]

2

closed choice

grade5

language science

vocabulary

Categories

Select the words that don't belong

Friendly doesn't belong. Foolish, unintelligent, and clever all describe how smart someone is.

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What is the volume of a bathroom sink?

[ "11 milliliters", "11 liters" ]

1

Select the better estimate.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

units-and-measurement

Units and measurement

Choose metric units of volume

Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Volume is a measurement of how much space something takes up. There are many different units of volume. When you are using metric units, volume may be written in units of milliliters or liters. There are 1,000 milliliters in 1 liter. So, 1 milliliter is much less than 1 liter. A raindrop has a volume of about 20 milliliters, while a large soda bottle has a volume of 2 liters. The flask shown here measures volumes up to 500 milliliters.

The better estimate for the volume of a bathroom sink is 11 liters. 11 milliliters is too little.

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Complete the statement. Assume that the robin's mass did not change. The gravitational potential energy stored between the robin and Earth () as the robin flew to the tree branch.

[ "increased", "decreased", "stayed the same" ]

0

Read the text about an animal in motion. A robin was standing on flat land below a maple tree. Then, the robin flew directly to a branch high in the tree.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

physics

Kinetic and potential energy

Identify changes in gravitational potential energy

Gravitational potential energy is stored between any two objects. So, for every object on or near Earth, there is gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth. The amount of gravitational potential energy stored between an object and Earth depends on the mass of the object. The amount of gravitational potential energy also depends on the distance between the object and the center of Earth. This distance increases when the object moves higher and decreases when the object moves lower. If the distance between an object and the center of Earth changes, the gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth will change. The table below shows how this change can happen. When an object's mass stays the same and its distance from the center of Earth... | Gravitational potential energy stored between the object and Earth... increases | increases decreases | decreases stays the same | stays the same

Think about how the distance between the robin and the center of Earth changed. The tree branch is higher than the land below the tree. As the robin flew toward the tree branch, the distance between the robin and the center of Earth increased. So, the gravitational potential energy stored between the robin and Earth increased as the robin flew to the tree branch.

What can Paula and Emir trade to each get what they want?

[ "Emir can trade his broccoli for Paula's oranges.", "Emir can trade his almonds for Paula's tomatoes.", "Paula can trade her tomatoes for Emir's carrots.", "Paula can trade her tomatoes for Emir's broccoli." ]

3

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Paula and Emir open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Neither Paula nor Emir got everything that they wanted. The table below shows which items they each wanted: Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below. Paula's lunch Emir's lunch

closed choice

grade8

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Look at the table and images. Paula wants broccoli. Emir wants tomatoes. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both get what they want. Trading other things would not help both people get more items they want.

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Would you find the word bright on a dictionary page with the following guide words? beat - blessing

[ "yes", "no" ]

1

yes or no

grade4

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since bright is not between the guide words beat - blessing, it would not be found on that page.

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Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? three - tomato

[ "title", "terrible" ]

0

closed choice

grade3

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since title is between the guide words three - tomato, it would be found on that page.

Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.

[ "to the left than to the right", "to the right than to the left" ]

0

The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

chemistry

Solutions

Diffusion across membranes

In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion. As a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same. Membranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other. So, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.

Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion. Before the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 5 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 7 solute particles on the right side of the membrane. When the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 6 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There was 1 more solute particle on the left side of the membrane than before. So, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.

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What do these two changes have in common? cellular respiration compost rotting

[ "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]

0

closed choice

grade7

natural science

chemistry

Chemical reactions

Compare physical and chemical changes

Matter is made of very small particles called atoms. Atoms can be linked together by chemical bonds. When two or more atoms link together, they form a molecule. In a chemical change, the chemical bonds in the molecules break. The atoms then link together to form different molecules. The types of molecules in matter before and after a chemical change are always different. Some chemical changes are caused by heating or cooling. For example, burning a piece of paper is a chemical change caused by heating. As paper burns, paper molecules react with oxygen molecules in the air. This reaction breaks the chemical bonds in the molecules. The atoms then link together in a different way to form different molecules. For example, carbon dioxide molecules are formed when paper burns. In a physical change, chemical bonds do not break. The types of molecules in matter before and after a physical change are always the same. A change of state is a type of physical change. Changes of state can be caused by heating or cooling. For example, water vaporizing is a physical change that can be caused by heating. Liquid water and water vapor are made of the same type of matter: water. The law of conservation of mass says that all physical and chemical changes conserve mass. Conserve means to keep the same. So, the total mass before a physical or chemical change is equal to the total mass after the change.

Step 1: Think about each change. Cellular respiration is a chemical change. Cells use oxygen to break down sugar. Breaking the chemical bonds in sugar molecules releases energy that a cell can use. The atoms from the broken molecules then combine to form different molecules such as carbon dioxide and water. These molecules are different types of matter than sugar and oxygen. Compost forms from the remains of plants and animals, such as vegetable scraps and egg shells. Compost rotting is a chemical change. As the compost rots, it breaks down and turns into a different type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

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What information supports the conclusion that Reba inherited this trait?

[ "Reba's parents have red hair. They passed down this trait to Reba.", "Reba and her mother both wear their hair in braids." ]

0

Read the description of a trait. Reba has red hair.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement

Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]

0

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes.

closed choice

grade6

natural science

physics

Velocity, acceleration, and forces

Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.

Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

Which property matches this object?

[ "rough", "flexible" ]

1

Select the better answer.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

physics

Materials

Identify properties of an object

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.

Look at the object. Think about each property. A flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The rubber gloves are flexible. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. The rubber gloves are not rough.

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Which phrase has a more negative connotation?

[ "request something", "demand something" ]

1

closed choice

grade4

language science

vocabulary

Shades of meaning

Positive and negative connotation

Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations. For example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations. Eager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited. Impatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.

Demand something has a more negative connotation. If you demand something, you ask for it in a bossy, rude way. If you request something, you ask for it in a polite way.

Which month has the lowest average temperature in Amsterdam?

[ "November", "December", "February" ]

2

Use the graph to answer the question below.

closed choice

grade4

natural science

earth-science

Weather and climate

Use climate data to make predictions

Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location. A line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures.

To describe the average temperature trends in Amsterdam, look at the graph. Choice "Feb" is incorrect. Choice "Nov" is incorrect. Choice "Dec" is incorrect. The average temperature in February is around 2°C. This is the lowest average temperature of all of the months.

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Based on this information, what is this pea plant's genotype for the pea color gene?

[ "yellow peas", "Ee" ]

1

In a group of pea plants, some individuals have yellow peas and others have green peas. In this group, the gene for the pea color trait has two alleles. The allele E is for yellow peas, and the allele e is for green peas. A certain pea plant from this group has yellow peas. This plant has one allele for yellow peas and one allele for green peas.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Genetics vocabulary: genotype and phenotype

All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait.

An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. The pea plant has one allele for yellow peas (E) and one allele for green peas (e). So, the plant's genotype for the pea color gene is Ee.

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Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? larger - lip

[ "lean", "loose" ]

0

closed choice

grade3

language science

reference-skills

Reference skills

Use guide words

Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

Put the words in alphabetical order. Since lean is between the guide words larger - lip, it would be found on that page.

Select the organism in the same genus as the green tree frog.

[ "Ardea cinerea", "Nerodia cyclopion", "Hyla cinerea" ]

2

This organism is a green tree frog. Its scientific name is Hyla cinerea.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Classification and scientific names

Use scientific names to classify organisms

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

A green tree frog's scientific name is Hyla cinerea. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. Nerodia cyclopion is in the genus Nerodia. The first word of its scientific name is Nerodia. So, Nerodia cyclopion and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus. Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus. These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea have the same species name within their genus, cinerea. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ardea cinerea is in the genus Ardea, and Hyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla. This organism and the green tree frog are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Hyla cinerea.

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Select the one substance that is not a mineral.

[ "Wool is made by living things. It is formed in nature.", "Corundum is a solid. It is a pure substance.", "Turquoise is a solid. It is not made by living things." ]

0

closed choice

grade4

natural science

earth-science

Rocks and minerals

Identify minerals using properties

Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property | Mineral | Rock It is a solid. | Yes | Yes It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes It is a pure substance. | Yes | No It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither. Look closely at the last three properties: Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks. A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!

Compare the properties of each substance to the properties of minerals. Select the substance whose properties do not match those of minerals. Wool is made by living things. But minerals are not made by living things. So, wool is not a mineral. Corundum is a mineral. Turquoise is a mineral.

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What information supports the conclusion that Diane acquired this trait?

[ "Diane's friends like to make chili with her.", "Diane learned how to make chili from a recipe book.", "When Diane was young, her grandmother taught her how to cut chili peppers." ]

1

Read the description of a trait. Diane knows how to make chili.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement

Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.

Which material is this baseball bat made of?

[ "polyester", "wood" ]

1

closed choice

grade2

natural science

physics

Materials

Identify materials in objects

A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.

Look at the picture of the baseball bat. The baseball bat is made of wood. Wooden bats are made on a machine called a lathe. The lathe spins the wood while the bat maker carves the wood away. Baseball bats can also be made of metal.

Which property matches this object?

[ "smooth", "sticky" ]

0

Select the better answer.

closed choice

grade2

natural science

physics

Materials

Identify properties of an object

An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.

Look at the object. Think about each property. A sticky object can stick to other things. The glass bowl is not sticky. A smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The glass bowl is smooth.

What is the capital of Nebraska?

[ "Indianapolis", "Knoxville", "Lincoln", "Omaha" ]

2

closed choice

grade3

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Midwest

Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska.

Select the organism in the same genus as the Chinese alligator.

[ "Eriocheir sinensis", "Alligator mississippiensis", "Hyla japonica" ]

1

This organism is a Chinese alligator. Its scientific name is Alligator sinensis.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Scientific names

Use scientific names to classify organisms

Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.

A Chinese alligator's scientific name is Alligator sinensis. The first word of its scientific name is Alligator. Eriocheir sinensis and Alligator sinensis are not in the same genus. These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Eriocheir sinensis and Alligator sinensis have the same species name within their genus, sinensis. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Eriocheir sinensis is in the genus Eriocheir, and Alligator sinensis is in the genus Alligator. Hyla japonica is in the genus Hyla. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. So, Hyla japonica and Alligator sinensis are not in the same genus. Alligator mississippiensis is in the genus Alligator. The first word of its scientific name is Alligator. So, Alligator mississippiensis and Alligator sinensis are in the same genus.

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Which is a compound sentence?

[ "The thermometer and the cough syrup are in the medicine cabinet next to the cotton balls.", "Amelia can eat the leftover tomato soup, or she can make herself a tuna sandwich." ]

1

closed choice

grade5

language science

grammar

Sentences, fragments, and run-ons

Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex?

A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate. An independent clause is a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is not a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence. the oranges on our tree are ripe The clause can stand alone. It is independent. after we pick up Kevin from work The clause cannot stand alone. It is dependent. A simple sentence is made up of a single independent clause. Ben and I spent all day relaxing by the pool. Some simple sentences have introductory phrases, but the introductory phrase is part of the predicate. In the winter, Ben usually wears his heavy coat. Ben usually wears his heavy coat in the winter. A compound sentence is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, or so. We saw a flash of lightning, and seconds later we heard the rumble of thunder. A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause usually begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when, or while. If she ever gets the chance, Terri would love to visit the Egyptian pyramids.

The second sentence is the compound sentence. It is made up of two independent clauses joined by the coordinating conjunction or. Amelia can eat the leftover tomato soup, or she can make herself a tuna sandwich.

Is native copper a mineral?

[ "no", "yes" ]

1

Native copper has the following properties: solid not made by living things found in nature fixed crystal structure made of the metal copper

yes or no

grade6

natural science

earth-science

Rocks and minerals

Identify rocks and minerals

Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.

Native copper has all the properties of a mineral. So, native copper is a mineral.

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Choose the poem that uses anaphora.

[ "She stands there like a beacon through the night,\nA pale clear beacon where the storm-drift is—\nShe stands alone, a wonder deathly-white.\nShe stands there patient nerved with inner might.", "Again I reply to the triple winds\nrunning chromatic fifths of derision\noutside my window:\nPlay louder." ]

0

From William Carlos Williams, "January" and from Christina Rossetti, "A Soul"

closed choice

grade9

language science

reading-comprehension

Analyzing literature

Identify elements of poetry

Poets often use the sounds of words to create interesting effects and to express moods and emotions. Understanding these elements of poetry can help you better interpret and appreciate poetic forms. Anaphora is the repetition of words or sequences of words at the beginning of multiple phrases, sentences, or lines. Out of the cradle endlessly rocking, Out of the mocking-bird's throat, the musical shuttle, Out of the Ninth-month midnight —From Walt Whitman, "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" Onomatopoeia is when language sounds like what it talks about. Sometimes the onomatopoeia uses made-up words: Tlot-tlot! tlot-tlot! Had they heard it? The horse hoofs ringing clear. —From Alfred Noyes, "The Highwayman" Sometimes the onomatopoeia uses real words: Hark! the honey bee is humming. —From Mary Howitt, "The Voice of Spring" Alliteration is when beginning consonant sounds are repeated in words that are close together. Where the wild men watched and waited Wolves in the forest, and bears in the bush. —From Bayard Taylor, "A Night with a Wolf" Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds. Often, assonance can create rhymes or near-rhymes within lines. I wandered lonely as a Cloud That floats on high o'er Vales and Hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden Daffodils. —From William Wordsworth, "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" Meter is a poem's rhythm, or the pattern of strong and weak syllables. Strong syllables are stressed, while weak syllables are unstressed. A poem has an iambic meter when the beat sounds like da-DUM. A weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. Occasionally, a line may begin with a strong syllable. He watches from his mountain walls, And like a thunderbolt he falls. —From Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "The Eagle" A poem has a trochaic meter when the beat sounds like DUM-da. A strong syllable is followed by a weak syllable. Occasionally, a line may end in a strong syllable. Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before. —From Edgar Allen Poe, "The Raven" Free verse is when a poem has neither a regular rhythm nor a rhyme pattern. The old bridge has a wrinkled face. He bends his back For us to go over. —From Hilda Conkling, "The Old Bridge" The syllables in bold are strong. You can see this poem does not have a regular rhythm. It also doesn't have a rhyme pattern.

This poem uses anaphora. It repeats the same word or words at the beginning of multiple lines or phrases. She stands alone, a wonder deathly-white. She stands there patient nerved with inner might.

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Which tense does the sentence use? Ariana parked her scooter in front of the store.

[ "past tense", "future tense", "present tense" ]

0

closed choice

grade5

language science

verbs

Verb tense

Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?

Present tense verbs tell you about something that is happening now. Most present-tense verbs are regular. They have no ending, or they end in -s or -es. Two verbs are irregular in the present tense, to be and to have. You must remember their forms. Past tense verbs tell you about something that has already happened. Most past-tense verbs are regular. They end in -ed. Some verbs are irregular in the past tense. You must remember their past-tense forms. Future tense verbs tell you about something that is going to happen. All future-tense verbs use the word will. Present | Past | Future walk, walks | walked | will walk go, goes | went | will go

The sentence is in past tense. You can tell because it uses a past-tense verb, parked. The verb ends in -ed and tells you about something that has already happened.

Which better describes the Champagne Vent ecosystem?

[ "It has no sunlight. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground.", "It has shallow water. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground." ]

0

Figure: Champagne Vent. Champagne Vent is a deep sea ecosystem near Japan.

closed choice

grade3

natural science

biology

Ecosystems

Describe ecosystems

An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there

The deep sea is a type of ecosystem. Deep sea ecosystems have the following features: water at the bottom of the ocean, no sunlight, and organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. So, Champagne Vent has no sunlight. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground.

Which of these states is farthest east?

[ "Iowa", "California", "Idaho", "North Dakota" ]

0

closed choice

grade5

social science

geography

Maps

Read a map: cardinal directions

Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Iowa is farthest east.

Which is this organism's scientific name?

[ "Gymnothorax funebris", "green moray eel" ]

0

This organism is a green moray eel. It is also called Gymnothorax funebris.

closed choice

grade7

natural science

biology

Classification and scientific names

Identify common and scientific names

An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.

Gymnothorax funebris is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, Gymnothorax funebris is the scientific name.

What can Felipe and Kevin trade to each get what they want?

[ "Felipe can trade his tomatoes for Kevin's sandwich.", "Kevin can trade his almonds for Felipe's tomatoes.", "Felipe can trade his tomatoes for Kevin's broccoli.", "Kevin can trade his broccoli for Felipe's oranges." ]

2

Trade happens when people agree to exchange goods and services. People give up something to get something else. Sometimes people barter, or directly exchange one good or service for another. Felipe and Kevin open their lunch boxes in the school cafeteria. Both of them could be happier with their lunches. Felipe wanted broccoli in his lunch and Kevin was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the images of their lunches. Then answer the question below.

closed choice

grade6

social science

economics

Basic economic principles

Trade and specialization

Felipe wanted broccoli in his lunch and Kevin was hoping for tomatoes. Look at the labeled part of the images. Felipe has tomatoes. Kevin has broccoli. They can trade tomatoes for broccoli to both be happier. Trading other things would not help either person get more items they want.

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Which text uses the word ironic in its traditional sense?

[ "Last winter, Matthew took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week.", "Last winter, Matthew took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week." ]

1

closed choice

grade9

language science

writing-strategies

Word usage and nuance

Explore words with new or contested usages

Words change in meaning when speakers begin using them in new ways. For example, the word peruse once only meant to examine in detail, but it's now also commonly used to mean to look through in a casual manner. When a word changes in meaning, its correct usage is often debated. Although a newer sense of the word may be more commonly used, many people consider a word's traditional definition to be the correct usage. Being able to distinguish the different uses of a word can help you use it appropriately for different audiences. Britney perused her notes, carefully preparing for her exam. The traditional usage above is considered more standard. David perused the magazine, absentmindedly flipping through the pages. The nontraditional usage above is now commonly used, but traditional style guides generally advise against it.

The second text uses ironic in its traditional sense: contrary to what was intended, often in an amusing way. It's ironic because Matthew tried to get away from the snow but found himself in a snowstorm regardless. Last winter, Matthew took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, a rare snowstorm happened to hit Florida that week. The first text uses ironic in its nontraditional sense: marked by coincidence. It was a coincidence that Matthew's friends were in Florida the week before. Last winter, Matthew took a vacation to Florida to escape Boston's cold, snowy weather. In an ironic twist, he just missed a few of his college friends, who had been in Florida the previous week. Most style guides recommend to avoid using the nontraditional sense of the word ironic because it is generally considered incorrect.

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Which phrase has a more positive connotation?

[ "a peculiar object", "a unique object" ]

1

closed choice

grade6

language science

vocabulary

Shades of meaning

Positive and negative connotation

Connotation is the feeling or idea that goes along with a word or phrase. Some words are close in meaning but have different connotations. For example, think about the words eager and impatient. They both mean wanting something to happen, but they have different connotations. Eager has a positive connotation. It is a nice word. An eager person is happy and excited. Impatient has a negative connotation. It is not a nice word. An impatient person is often pushy and demanding.

A unique object has a more positive connotation. Unique and peculiar both denote unusualness. However, unique suggests something is special, while peculiar suggests something is strange or weird.

Which statement describes the Peary Land ecosystem?

[ "It has warm summers and cool winters.", "It has soil that is frozen year-round." ]

1

Figure: Peary Land. Peary Land is a tundra ecosystem in northern Greenland. It is part of Northeast Greenland National Park. That park is one of the largest national parks in the world, covering about 375,000 square miles.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Ecosystems

Describe ecosystems

An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there

A tundra is a type of ecosystem. Tundras have the following features: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. So, the following statements describe the Peary Land ecosystem: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has mostly small plants. It has soil that is frozen year-round. The following statement does not describe Peary Land: long, cold winters and short, cold summers, soil that is frozen year-round, and mostly small plants. It has warm summers and cool winters.

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Which is the softest?

[ "cotton head band", "brick path", "glass window" ]

0

closed choice

grade4

natural science

physics

Materials

Compare properties of materials

Every object is made of one or more materials. A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. A material has different properties. A material's properties tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Some examples of properties are shiny, hard, fragile, and stretchy. For example, a shiny material reflects a lot of light. A fragile material breaks when you drop it.

Soft is a property. A soft material changes shape when pressed or squeezed. Look at each picture, one at a time. Imagine touching the material shown in each picture. Of the choices, the cotton head band is the softest. If you squeeze cotton fabric, it will change shape.

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

[ "weather", "climate" ]

1

Figure: Cape Verde. Trade winds are steady winds that blow towards the equator. In Cape Verde, which is located in the Northern hemisphere, they blow from the northeast almost every day. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

earth-science

Weather and climate

Weather and climate around the world

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

Read the passage carefully. Trade winds are steady winds that blow towards the equator. In Cape Verde, which is located in the Northern hemisphere, they blow from the northeast almost every day. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in Cape Verde. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

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What information supports the conclusion that William acquired this trait?

[ "William's friend taught him how to fly a kite.", "William's neighbor taught him how to repair a kite.", "William likes to fly a kite with his younger brother." ]

0

Read the description of a trait. William knows how to fly a kite.

closed choice

grade8

natural science

biology

Genes to traits

Inherited and acquired traits: use evidence to support a statement

Organisms, including people, have both inherited and acquired traits. Inherited and acquired traits are gained in different ways. Inherited traits are passed down from biological parents to their offspring through genes. Genes are pieces of hereditary material that contain the instructions that affect inherited traits. Offspring receive their genes, and therefore gain their inherited traits, from their biological parents. Inherited traits do not need to be learned. Acquired traits are gained during a person's life. Some acquired traits, such as riding a bicycle, are gained by learning. Other acquired traits, such as scars, are caused by the environment. Parents do not pass acquired traits down to their offspring.

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Which text structure does the text use?

[ "compare-contrast", "cause-effect" ]

0

Read the text. Canoes and kayaks are both great for exploring lakes and rivers. Both are light boats, easy to paddle and good in shallow water. They're not exactly the same, though. Canoes are larger and more open, with space for two or three people and supplies. Kayaks are usually covered on top with an opening for just one person. A canoe paddle has a single blade, that is, just one end that dips into the water. The kayak usually has a double-bladed paddle instead. The kayaker paddles by dipping in one blade, then the other.

closed choice

grade4

language science

writing-strategies

Text structure

Identify text structures

Writers can organize their ideas in different ways. These ways of organizing writing are called text structures. When you can tell how a text is organized, it's easier to understand how the writer's ideas go together. You can also use these text structures to organize your own writing. | Text structure | Where you might find it | Words and phrases to look for A sequential structure tells you about events that happen in a certain order. | a recipe for how to make a blueberry pie | first, until, second, after, next, then, before, finally, during A cause-effect structure shows the causes and the effects, or results, of an event. | an essay about how recycling helps the environment | because, led to, since, as a result, due to, so, reason A problem-solution structure explains a problem and offers possible solutions. | an article about ways to get more people to vote | issue, suggest, question, puzzle, fix, answer A compare-contrast structure shows how two (or more) things are the same or different. | a chapter about the differences between whales and sharks | like, unlike, too, on the other hand, both, while, same, instead, common, different, as well as, however A descriptive structure tells you a list of details about an object, scene, or topic. | a paragraph about what Tyrannosaurus rex looked like| for example, near, for instance beside, such as, most important, also

The text uses a compare-contrast structure to show how canoes and kayaks are alike and different. In the text, certain words and phrases help to organize ideas in a compare-contrast structure. Notice the words both, larger, and instead, as well as the phrase not exactly the same.

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Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Did you really vote for Hassan as class treasurer? Didn't you hear that his uncle was imprisoned for embezzling $1.5 million?

[ "hasty generalization: a very broad claim based on very little evidence", "guilt by association: a negative association intended to discredit someone or something" ]

1

closed choice

grade8

language science

writing-strategies

Developing and supporting arguments

Classify logical fallacies

A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim. When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy. Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions. A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy | Description ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy | Description false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against

The text argues that Hassan can't be trusted with money, because his uncle embezzled money. However, even though his uncle couldn't be trusted with money, that doesn't necessarily mean that Hassan can't be trusted with it. This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as guilt by association.

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Select the vertebrate.

[ "Bactrian camel", "flower hat jellyfish", "diving beetle", "saturn butterfly" ]

0

Hint: Mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are vertebrates.

closed choice

grade5

natural science

biology

Classification

Identify vertebrates and invertebrates

Vertebrates and invertebrates are both groups of animals. A vertebrate has a backbone. The backbone is made of many bones in an animal's back. A vertebrate's backbone helps connect the different parts of its body. In the drawings below, each vertebrate's backbone is colored orange. An invertebrate does not have a backbone. In fact, invertebrates do not have any bones! Some invertebrates have an outer cover on their body called an exoskeleton. Other invertebrates have a soft body.

A diving beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a diving beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A saturn butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a saturn butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A Bactrian camel is a mammal. Like other mammals, a Bactrian camel is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. Like other jellyfishes, a flower hat jellyfish is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.

Which continent is highlighted?

[ "Africa", "Australia", "Europe", "Antarctica" ]

1

closed choice

grade8

social science

geography

Physical Geography

Oceans and continents

A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.

This continent is Australia.

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Which correctly shows the title of a book?

[ "***When It Passes By***", "\"When It Passes By\"" ]

0

closed choice

grade6

language science

punctuation

Formatting

Formatting titles

The title of a book, movie, play, TV show, magazine, or newspaper should be in italics. If you write it by hand, it can be underlined instead. A Midsummer Night's Dream The title of a poem, song, article, or short story should be in quotation marks. "You Are My Sunshine"

A book should be in italics. The correct title is **When It Passes By**.

What is the capital of Georgia?

[ "Chicago", "Billings", "Atlanta", "Columbia" ]

2

closed choice

grade4

social science

geography

State capitals

Identify state capitals of the Southeast

Atlanta is the capital of Georgia.

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What does the Tenth Amendment say about government powers that are not listed in the Constitution?

[ "If the Constitution does not give a power to the United States government, the power belongs to the state governments or the people.", "The United States government has any power, even if it isn't listed in the Constitution.", "If the Constitution does not give a power to the United States government, no one can have that power." ]

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Government

The Bill of Rights

According to the Tenth Amendment, the Constitution lists all of the powers given to the United States government. If the Constitution does not give a power to the United States government, the power belongs to the state governments or the people. The full text of the Tenth Amendment is below. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.