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en501 | Hitch implements only to drawbar or specified hitch points of the tractor. Never drive after taking alcohol drink or drugs | Mangilirani zida zolimira ku chokokera kapena malo oyenera pa tractor. Musayendetse mutaledzera kapena kumwa mankhwala ozunguza bongo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en502 | Don't permit unauthorised persons to ride the tractor unnecessarily. Do not keep foot (ride) on the clutch and brake pedals while the tractor is running. | Musalole anthu omwe alibe chilolezo kukwera tractor mosayenera. Musasiye phazi lanu pa clutch ndi zopondera ma brake pamene tractor ikulira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en503 | Do not sit or stand on the implement when the tractor is in motion | Musakhale kapena kuyima pa zida zolimira pamene tractor ukuyenda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en504 | Avoid overloading of the tractor during operations. Do not get off or on the tractor when it is in motion. Never leave the key in the starting switch | Pewani kumangilira katundu wopitilira muyezo pamene tractor ikugwira ntchito. Musatsike kapena kukwera tractor pamene ikuyenda. Musasiye ma key pamalo olizira tractor | agriculture | agriculture document |
en505 | Points to be considered for safety on the Farm include: Set the wheels as wide as required for the job. Use wider wheel track on slopes for stability | Mfundo zofunika kulingalira pa chitetezo kumunda ndi monga: Ikani matayala motalikirana molingana ndi ntchito yoti igwiridwe. Gwiritsani ntchito matayala otambalala mmalo otsetsereka kuti ikhadzikike | agriculture | agriculture document |
en506 | Add weights on rear or front, as the case may be, for proper traction. Keep P.T.O. and belt pulley shields in proper place. Do not hook load at a point above the drawbar. | Onjezerani zolemetsa kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo, ngati kuli kofunika kutero, kuti isamateleleke. Siyani P.T.O ndi zotchingira malamba okokera mmalo mwake. Musamangilire zonyamula malo ena aliwonse pamwamba pa chokokera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en507 | Reverse the tractor in low gear. Driver tractor in low gears while overcoming obstacles like small bunds and ditches. Draft control should not be used for raising or lowering the implements at the end of trip/ row. Do not ride the drawbar of tractor during operation. | Yendetsani mobwelera mbuyo tractor ili mu gear yaying'ono. Yendetsani tractor ili mu gear yaying'ono pamene mukudutsa pa zopinga monga mitunda ndi mayenje. Draft control isagwiritsdwe ntchito pokweza kapena kutsitsa zida zolimira kumapeto kwa ulendo/mzere. Musakwere chokokera pa tractor pamene ikugwira ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en508 | It is uneconomical to manufacture a tractor with materials which will run for the designed service life | Nzolira ndalama zambiri kukonza tractor ndi zipangizo zoti zigwira ntchito pa moyo wake wonse wantchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en509 | There are some engines in developed countries which can be used for 0.2-0.4 million km without changing lubrication oil with pregreased, sealed bearings that have lubrication enough for the designed lives | Pali mitundu ina ya engine kumayiko otukuka yomwe ingagiritsidwe ntchito kwa 200,000-400,000kms popanda kusintha mafuta ofewetsera zitsulo chifukwa ma bearing ayikidwa kale mafutawo komanso ndiwokutidwa ndipo ali ndi mafuta okwanira nthawi yonse imene angagwilire ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en510 | However, at present the materials used in manufacturing of tractors wear off very fast if not properly lubricated, run at desired temperature and clean environment | Komabe, panopa zipangizo zopangira ma tractor zimalala mwachangu ngati zilibe mafuta ofewetsera okwanira, komanso zikugwira ntchito mmalo otentha kapena ozizira kwambiri ndi osowa ukhondo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en511 | There are many components that are not designed to run for entire service life of the tractor and these must be serviced and replaced on routine basis probably after 250 to 350 hours of engine operation | Pali zipangizo zambiri zomwe sidzinakonzedwe kuti zigwire ntchito moyo wonse wa tractor ndipo izi ziyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa mwachizolowezi makamaka pakadutsa maola 250-350 engine ikugwira ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en512 | If machines are just inspected for any loose nuts and bolts, clearances and deflections thus what is done in short service or first service of tractor | Ngati makina angopimidwa kuti aone zomangira zomwe zamasuka, kupindika ndi kusiya mpata izi ndi zomwe zimachitika pokonza mwachidule kapena kukonza koyamba tractor | agriculture | agriculture document |
en513 | It is essential to maintain lubrication, desired temperature, tightness of bolts & nuts, clean environment inside the tractor engine and other housing besides maintaining deflection of components of tractor for achieving desired service life | Nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta ofewetsera, kutentha koyenera, kukungika zomagira, malo aukhondo zilipo mkati mwa engine ya tractor ndi zigawo zina zamkati kupatula kupindika kwa magawo ena a tractor kuti mufikire pachisamaliro chake | agriculture | agriculture document |
en514 | Clean environment inside the engine is achieved by maintaining intake system, i.e. By maintaining correct level of right grade of oil in air cleaner and changing it as and when required | Malo osamalika mkati mwa engine angakwaniritsidwe posamala magawo onse olowera monga kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wofanana wa mafuta a engine muchosefera mpweya ndinso kusintha panthawi zonse zoyenera kutero | agriculture | agriculture document |
en515 | By cleaning the dry filter element periodically and changing it as and when required. By changing different filter elements at periodic service intervals | Posamala chosefa chouma pafupipafupi ndi kuchisintha nthawi yomwe ndikoyenera kutero. Posintha zipangizo mu chosefera pafupipafupi nthawi yokonza | agriculture | agriculture document |
en516 | Desired temperature can be maintained by maintaining cooling system. This is accomplished by keeping correct level of water or coolant in radiator or dispenser bowl, by keeping radiator or fans clean | Kutentha kofunikira kungakhalepo ngati mwagwiritsa ntchito zida zozizirita mpweya. Izi zimakwaniritsidwa posunga madzi pamulingo woneyera kapena zoziziritsa mu radiator kapena dispenser bowl, poonetsetsa kuti radiator kapena chokupiza ndi zaukhondo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en517 | Desired level of lubrication is simply maintained by changing lubrication oils in different assemblies of tractor periodically along with filter elements. | Mulingo woyenera wa zofewetsera ungakhalepo posintha mafuta ofewetsera mmagawo osiyanasiyana a tractor pafupipafupi kuphatikizapo zipangizo zosefera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en518 | Certain procedure has been laid down that will produce best results on tractor performance if followed. These service needs have been classified into hours ranging from ten to several hundred hours of tractor use | Ndondomeko zina zakadzikitsidwa zomwe zingadzetse zotsatira zopambana pa kagwiridwe ntchito ka tractor zitatsatidwa. Ntchito zokonza izi zagawidwa mmaola kuyambira 10 kufika maola mazana ogwilira ntchito tractor | agriculture | agriculture document |
en519 | 10 hours or first service schedule: Clean the tractor, if the tractor worked under dusty conditions & wash it with a swift jet of water to remove the dirt and wipe off with a dry cloth | Maola 10 kapena kukonza koyamba: tsukani tractor, ngati tractor yagwira ntchito pafumbi, tsukani ndi madzi amphamvu kuti muchotse dothi ndipo pukutani ndi nsalu youma | agriculture | agriculture document |
en520 | Inspect the tractor critically for leakage at any point, take correct steps with the help of authorized service provider if need be | Yenderani tractor mwachidwi kuti muone ngati mafuta akutayika pena paliponse, konzani mothandizidwa ndi amisiri ovomerezeka ngati nkofunika kutero | agriculture | agriculture document |
en521 | Check all the nuts and bolts and tighten them properly on diff erent parts of the tractor and replace the broken ones, if any | Fufuzani zomangira zonse ndipo zimangeni molimba pamagawo osiyanasiyana a tractor ndipo zosweka zonse ngati zilipo bwezeretsani ndi zabwino | agriculture | agriculture document |
en522 | Top up the fuel level in the fuel tank at the end of each day’s operation avoid condensation of water at the bottom of tank or in the fuel line | Onjezerani kuchuluka kwa mafuta a galimot mosungira mafuta pakutha pa tsiku lirilonse popewa kuundana kwa madzi pansi pa tank kapena modutsira mafuta | agriculture | agriculture document |
en523 | Check and top up mobile oil. The oil level should be in the middle of these two marks | Fufuzani ndi kuonjezera mafuta ofewetsera. Mulingo wa mafuta ukhale pakatikati pa zizindikiro ziwirizi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en524 | Check air cleaner oil level and if this level is less than the indicated mark or cut hole then top it | Onani kuchuluka kwa mafuta a chipangizo chosefa mpweya ndipo ngati atsika kuposa mulingo woneyera, wonjezerani | agriculture | agriculture document |
en525 | Check up the water/coolant level in the radiator/ dispenser bowl and top if necessary. Do not allow water level to go below the minimum level | Onani madzi kapena zoziritsira engine mu radiator kapena dispense bowl ndipo onjezerani ngati nkofunika. Musalole mulingo wa madzi kutsika modutsa mulingo waung'ono wovomerezeka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en526 | Check the belt pulley gear-box oil level when the pulley is in use and refill it to the plug level with transmission oil | Onani mulingo wa mafuta mu belt pulley gear-box pamene pulley ukugwira ntchito ndipo onjezerani mpaka pachotsekera ndi mafuta a transmission | agriculture | agriculture document |
en527 | Check the front and rear type-pressure. In general, the pressure for front tyres should be nearly 2 kg/cm2 and that for rear tyres about 1 kg/cm2". | Onani kuchuluka kwa mpweya mmatayala akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa mpweya mmatayala akutsogolo kukhale pafupifupi 2kg/cm2 ndipo kumbuyo ukhale 1kg/cm2 | agriculture | agriculture document |
en528 | 50-60 hours service schedule: Repeat the 10 hour service schedule or first service. Maintenance of Tractor Battery: -Inspect the battery for loose terminals and electrolyte level | Maola 50-60 akafika: bwerezani zomwe munachita pakutha pa maola 10 kapena kukonza koyamba. Kusamala battery la tractor: Onetsetsani battery ngati mitu yake yamasuka ndipo komanso kuchuluka kwa electrolyte | agriculture | agriculture document |
en529 | Wash the battery top with washing soda using warm water and grease the terminals with petroleum jelly to prevent corrosion. Check the fan-belt tension and adjust it if required. Clean and service air cleaner | Tsukani pamwamba pa battery ndi soda pogwiritsa tchito madzi ofunda ndipo pakani petroleum jelly mmitu ya battery popewa dzimbiri. Onani kulimba lamba wozunguza chokupiza mpweya ndipo mukonzeni ngati nkoyenera. Pukutani chosefera mpweya | agriculture | agriculture document |
en530 | Servicing of fuel supply system: This includes: Check the fuel line for any leakage and clean it. Clean the sediment bowl and the screen. Check and adjust the brakes for proper operation: | Kusamala magawo odutsa mafuta: izi zikuphatikiza: onani modutsa mafuta ngati pali kudontha ndipo chotsani fumbi. Pukutani modekha zinyansi ndi chosefera mafuta. Onani ndi kukonza ma brake kuti adzigwira bwino ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en531 | Check and adjust the engine clutch: Lubricate the following: Fan-hub bearing, throttle-control lever, engine-clutch-release bearing, and alternator bearing | Onani ndi kukonza engine clutch: Pakani mafuta ofewetsa zotsatirazi: fan-hub bearing, throttle-control lever, engine-clutch-release bearing ndi alternator bearing | agriculture | agriculture document |
en532 | Check the water-pump (water body) for leakage and tighten or replace the packing, if required | Onani pump yamadzi ngati ikudontha ndipo mangani molimbitsa kapena chotsani ndi kuyika yatsopano ngati nkofunika kutero | agriculture | agriculture document |
en533 | Loosen the vent plug and the drain-tap of the primary fuel filter and run off a small quantity of fuel in order to remove any water which might have accumulated. | Masulani vent plug ndi drain-tap za chosefera mafuta poyambilira ndipo thirani mafuta pang'ono kuti muchotse madzi ena aliwonse omwe amasonkhana | agriculture | agriculture document |
en534 | The 125-hour service and maintenance generally includes the following: Repeating the activities carried out in 50h maintenance schedule. Changing crankcase oil. Replacing the oil filter. Servicing the crankcase breather. Maintenance of tractor tyres. Checking and servicing other parts of the tractor | Kukonza kwa maola 125 kuphatikize zotsatirazi: Kubwereza ntchito zonse zomwe zachitika pa kukonza kwa maola 50. Kusintha mafuta mu crankcase. Kuchotsa ndi kubwezeretsa chosefera oil. Kukonza popumira crankcase. Kusamala matayala a tractor. Kuona ndi kukonza zipangizo zina za tractor | agriculture | agriculture document |
en535 | For any service and maintenance of tractor after this 125hours of operation, follow the guidelines in operator’s manual | Kukonza kwina kulikonse kwa tractor pakadutsa maola 125 ogwilira ntchito kutsatire malangizo omwe mu kabuku ka oyendetsa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en536 | Mould board plough is one of the oldest of the all agricultural implements and is generally considered to be the most important tillage implement | Chida cholimira cha mould board ndi chakale kuposa zida zonse ndipo chimatengedwa kuti ndi chokhacho chofunikira pa zida zogaulira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en537 | It is equipped with heavy-duty box frame specially designed for deep ploughing / land preparation of rough soil | Chili ndi heavy duty box yopangidwa kuti polima mwakuya kapena kusamala malo a dothi la miyala | agriculture | agriculture document |
en538 | It is designed to work in all types of soils for soil breaking, soil raising and soil turning. Satisfactory operations, economic and long lasting use of the implement depends on the compliance with manufacturer’s instructions | Chinakonzedwa kugwira ntchito pa mitundu yonse yadothi pophwanya dothi loundana, kukwezera dothi komanso kutembenuza dothi. Kugwira ntchito bwino, kusafuna ndalama zambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali zidalira kutsatira malamulo a okonza | agriculture | agriculture document |
en539 | The horsepower of tractor selected should match the implement. Adjust the front and rear wheel track width. Provide adequate front end ballast for tractor stability. | Mphamvu za tractor zomwe zasankhidwa zifanane ndi zipangizo zogwilira ntchito. Sinthani kutambalala kwa tayala lakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Ikani kutsogolo zinthu zolemera kuti tractor ikhazikike | agriculture | agriculture document |
en540 | The level of the plough is controlled by the tractor top link. You lengthen or shorten the top link if rear end of the plough beam is lower than the front end | Kugona kwa khasu kumasinthidwa ndi tractor top link. Mumatalikitsa kapena kufupikitsa top link ngati mbali yakumbuyo kwa khasu yatsika kuposa mbali yakutsgolo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en541 | Lateral leveling is controlled by adjusting the length of the tractor right lower link. These adjustments must be made with the plough prior to operation | Kuyimitsa khasu chogona kumawongoleredwa posintha kutalika kwa cholumikiza chammusi chakumanja. Kusinthaku kuchitidwe ku khasu ntchito isanayambike | agriculture | agriculture document |
en542 | The type of the soil is the greatest external factor that determines the draft of any plough. Draft is also affected by the depth and width of cut per bottom for complete plough in addition to speed | Mtundu wa dothi ndi chinthu chachikulu chakunja chomwe chimathandizira kuyenda kwa khasu. Kuyendayenda kwa khasu kumakhudzikanso ndi kuya ndi mulifupi ndi kudula pansi pamene khasu layenda lonse kuphatikizapo kuthamanga | agriculture | agriculture document |
en543 | In very hard ground, it is often necessary to add weight to the wheels to force the plough into the soil | Pamalo olimba kwambiri, ndi kofunika kuwonjezera zolemera kumatayala pofuna kukakamiza khasu kulowa kwambiri mdothi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en544 | Adjustment for deeper ploughing: Apart from positioning the draft control levers of the tractor hydraulic system, the depth of the plough can be obtained by adding extra weight to the plough | Kusintha kuti khasu lidzilowa pansi mwakuya: Kupatula kusintha kayimidwe ka draft control levers mu tractor hydraulic system, kuya kwa khasu kukhoza kupezeka powonjezera zolemera ku plough | agriculture | agriculture document |
en545 | Warning for driver: Don’t plough on stony soil. Tractor should be in high first gear. If soil is hard then plough the field at least twice. | Chenjezo kwa woyendetsa: musalime mu dothi lamiyala. Tractor ikhale mu giya yayikulu. Ngati dothi ndilolimba kwambiri, limani munda kawiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en546 | Ploughing works best when the right wheel of the tractor is inside the previously ploughed furrow | Kulima kumatheka kwambiri pamene tayala lakumanja la tractor lili mkati mwa ngalande ya mbali yomwe yalimidwa posachedwa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en547 | Working on stony land increases maintenance and these rules must be followed to get best results: If M.B. plough is new then after first two hours of working tighten all nut bolts | Pogwira ntchito pamalo a miyala kumachulukitsa ntchito yokonza ndipo malamulo awa ayenera kutsatiridwa pofuna kupeza zotsatira zabwino: Ngati khasu la M.B. ndi latsopano, mangitsani zomangira zonse pakatha maola awiri likugwira ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en548 | Check the plough adjustments if the steering is hard. After every fifty hours tighten all nuts and bolts. Sharpen the Bar Point and shares if dull. Blunt shares increase the draft | Pimani kusintha kwa khasu ngati chiwongolero chikulimba. Pakutha pa maola asanu aliwonse, mangitsani zomangira. Thwetsani bar point ndi ma shares ngati abuntha. Ma shares obuntha amaonjezera kuyendayenda kwa khasu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en549 | Wash the M.B. plough after work. Replace the worn out nuts and bolts. If plough has to remain unused for long time then clean it & apply a layer of used oil for rust prevention | Chapani khasu la M.B. pambuyo pa ntchito. Bwezeretsani zomangira zakutha. Ngati khasu likuyenera kukhala nthawi yayitali osagwira ntchito, lichapeni ndikupaka mafuta ogwiritsa kale ntchito pofuna kupewa dzimbiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en550 | A Disc plough consists of a series of individually mounted, inclined disk blades on a frame supported by furrow wheel | Disc plow iri ndi makasu osiyana omangidwa paokha, opendekeka pa nsanamira mothandizidwa ndi furrow wheel | agriculture | agriculture document |
en551 | Disc ploughs are most suitable for conditions under which mould board plows do not work satisfactory, such as in hard, dry soils, in sticky soils where a mould board plow will not scour, and in loose, push-type soils such as peat lands | Ma disc plough amagwira ntchito bwino pomwe makasu a mould board sangagwire bwino ntchito monga mu dothi lolimba, louma, dothi lomata momwe makasu a mould board plow sangadutse, komanso mu dothi losagwirana, lobwelera ukaliponda monga lazinyalala zomwe zikuola | agriculture | agriculture document |
en552 | Cutting Angle Adjustment: - Discs must be set at an angle. Provision is made for adjustment of the horizontal disc angle and vertical tilt angle to obtain optimum disc operation indifferent soil conditions | Kusuntha kupendekeka kodulira - makasu atcheredwe mopendeka. Mwayi umakhalapo wosintha kupendekeka kwa khasu logona komanso kupendekeka kwa khasu loyima pofuna kupeza kagwiridwe ntchito kabwino mu dothi losiyanasiyana | agriculture | agriculture document |
en553 | Width of cut adjustment: - Disc plough has a particular width of cut ranging from 1825 cm depending on the diameter of the blade. The front disc can be adjusted with the help of cross shaft to suit various draft and penetration requirements | Kusintha kutambalala kodulira- khasu liri ndi mulingo wake womwe limadulira kuyambira 1812cm potengera kutambalala kwa khasulo. Khasu lakutsogolo likhoza kusinthidwa ndi chithandizo cha cross shaft kuti lifananane ndi zofunika za kuyendayenda komanso kuzama | agriculture | agriculture document |
en554 | Leveling the plough: - The level of the plough is controlled by the tractor top link by lengthening or shortening it. Lateral leveling is controlled by adjusting the length of the tractor right lower link | Kuongola khasu- kuongola khasu kumawongoleredwa ndi cholumikizira chapamwamba pa tractor politalikitsa kapena kulifupikitsa. Kuongola chambali kuomaongoleredwa posuntha kutalika kwa cholumikizira chakumanja chammunsi pa tractor | agriculture | agriculture document |
en555 | Scrapper adjustments: - Scrappers are set low enough to catch and turn the furrow slice before it falls away from the disc. For deeper ploughing, set the scrapper a little higher | Kusuntha chopalira- zopalira zimamangiliridwa mmunsi moti kuti zidzitha kugwira ndikutembenuza dothi lisanagwe kuchoka pa khasu. Pakugaula kwakuya, chopalira chikwezedwe mmwamba pang'ono | agriculture | agriculture document |
en556 | The type of the soil & moisture content are the greatest external factors that determine the draft of plough. In very hard ground, add weights to the wheels frame to force the plough into the soil | Mtundu wa dothi ndi kuchulukwa kwa chinyezi ndi zinthu zofunikira kwambiri zakunja zomwe zimapangitsa kuyendayenda kwa khasu. Mu dothi lolimba kwambiri, wonjezerani zolemera ku matayala pofuna kukakamiza khasu kulowa mdothi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en557 | Draft is also affected by the depth and width of cut. Speed is also another factor which increases the draft, increasing the speed increases the draft | Kuyendayenda kumachitikanso chifukwa cha kuya komanso kutambalala kwa chodula. Kuthamanga ndi chinthu chinanso chimene chimaonjezera kuyendayenda, kuwonjezera kuthamanga kumaonjezeranso kuyendayenda | agriculture | agriculture document |
en558 | The depth of the plough can be adjusted by the position of draft control levers of the tractor hydraulic system | Kuya kwa khasu kungasunthidwe ndi momwe draft control lever ya tractor hydraulic system yayimira | agriculture | agriculture document |
en559 | However more depth can be obtained by: Adding extra weight to the plough. Reducing the tilt angle. Tractor should be in high first gear. If the soil is hard then plough the field at least twice | Komabe kuya kwambiri kungatheke: powonjezera kulemera kwa khasu, kuchepetsa kupendekeka, tractor ikhale mu giya yoyamba. Ngati dothi ndi lolimba, limani mundawo kosachepera kawiri. | agriculture | agriculture document |
en560 | Working on stony land increases maintenance and for best results follow these rules: For new disc plough tightening all nuts & bolts after first two hours of working. | Kugwira ntchito mminda yamiyala kumaonjezera ntchito yokonza ndipo kuti zotsatira zikhale zabwino, tsatirani malamulo awa: khasu latsopano lolimira lilimbitsidwe pakatha maola awiri likugwira ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en561 | Check the plough adjustments if the steering is hard. Check the scrapper adjustments frequently. If the soil has entered in grease nipple, then change the nipple | Pimani kasunthidwe ka khasu ngati chiwongolero chikulimba. Pimani kasunthidwe ka chopalira pafupipafupi. Ngati dothi lalowa mu mchombo wa mafuta ofewetsera, muyenera kusintha mchombowo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en562 | After every fifty hours grease all greasing points and tighten all nuts and bolts. After 300 hours of operation, open the hub of disc plough, clean it, put in new grease & replace its seal | Pakutha pa maola 50 aliwonse, pakati greese mmalo onse oyenera kupakidwa ndipo mangitsani zomangira zonse. Pakutha ma maola 300 ikugwira ntchito, tsegulani hub ya khasu, ipukuteni ndi kuthira mafuta ena ofewetsera ndipo chotsani chosunga mafuta ndikuyikapo chatsopano | agriculture | agriculture document |
en563 | Sharpen the disc if the blades are dull. Blunt blades increase the draft considerably. Replace the discs when 22"(550 mm) in diameter | Munole khasu ngati mpeni wake wabuntha. Makasu obuntha amaonjezera kusakumba kwambiri. Sinthani khasu likafika pa mulingo wa masentimita 55 | agriculture | agriculture document |
en564 | Keep the bearings lubricated as per the instructions given in the manual. Coat the disc blades for rust prevention with the used oil in slack season | Mozungulira monse mukhale mofewa potsatira malamulo a m'buku lomwe munapatsidwa. Matani makasu ndi mafuta agalimoto ogwira kale ntchito kuti asachite dzimbiri panthawi yomwe sakugwira ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en565 | Wash the disc plough after work. If disc plough has to remain unused for long time, then clean it & apply a layer of used oil for rust prevention. | Tsukani khasu lolimira pambuyo pogwira ntchito. Ngati khasu likhale osagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, litsukeni ndikupaka mafuta a galimoto ogwira kale ntchito kuti lisachite dzimbiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en566 | Disc harrow is secondary tillage equipment designed for breaking the clods and partially inverting the soil / land preparation of rough soil/finer operation | Khasu logawulira ndi chida chothandizira kuphwanya zigulumwa komanso kutembenuza dothi pang'ono/kukonza nthaka yolimba/kuti itakasuke | agriculture | agriculture document |
en567 | Before mounting of disc harrow make sure that all nuts & bolts are properly tightened. Determine soil and trash conditions of the field and make these adjustments | Khasu logawulira lisanamangiliridwe onetsetsani kuti zomangira zalimbitsidwa. Lingalirani za dothi ndi zinyalala zomwe zili mmunda ndipo konzani molingana ndi izi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en568 | Disc gang angle adjustment: - Gang angle can be increased for better penetration in dry soil while it should be reduced to avoid plugging in wet soil. | Disc gang angle adjustment- Gang angle ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti khasu lidzilowa bwino mu dothi louma komanso ichepetsedwe popewa kutsakamira mmatope | agriculture | agriculture document |
en569 | Disc harrow leveling: - To eliminate uneven penetration and side draft, leveling is done by means of top link & bottom adjustable link. | Disc harrow levelling- pofuna kuchotsa kulowa konjanja ndiponso kuyendayenda, khasu liyikidwe mosapendeka pogwiritsa ntchito zomangira zapamwambwa komanso zammunsi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en570 | Scrapper adjustment: - The scrapper can be adjusted by loosening the bolts at the scrappers clamp | Scrapper adjustment-Scrapper ikhoza kusinthidwa mayimidwe pomasula zomangira pomwe scrapper yapanidwa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en571 | Depth control: - The depth of the implement is controlled hydraulically by the left control lever. | Depth contro- Kuya kwa chida kumasinthidwa ndi zosinthira zakumansere | agriculture | agriculture document |
en572 | Disc harrow penetration depends on: Angle of the gangs; Weight of the harrow; Disc diameter; Disc sharpness | Kulowa kwa khasu lolimira kumadalira: kupendeka kwa ma gang; kulemera kwa khasu; kutalika kwa khasu; kuthwa kwa khasu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en573 | Attaching the harrow to the tractor- Place the harrow duly leveled on the flat piece of land. Reverse the tractor to the harrow (Do not drag the harrow up the tractor) | Kumangilira khasu ku tractor- ikani khasu mosapendeka pamalo osapendeka. Yendetsani tractor mobwelera mbuyo kufika pomwe pali khasu. Musakoke khasu kufika mmwamba | agriculture | agriculture document |
en574 | Attach the left arm of the tractor to the harrow first. Attach the central top link/ arm to the harrow. Attach the lower right arm | Mangilirani nkono wakumanzere wa tractor ku khasu koyamba. Mangilirani chogwirizitsa/nkono chapakati ku khasu. Mangilirani nkono wakumanja | agriculture | agriculture document |
en575 | After attaching the harrow, lift it and adjust the control arm parallel to the ground, all the discs should touch the ground uniformly | Mukamangilira khasu, nyamulani ndi kukonza nkono kuti ukhale molingana ndi pansi, makasu onse agunde pansi mofanana | agriculture | agriculture document |
en576 | Operational guidelines for disc harrow include: Lift the harrow on turning. Adjust internal/ external check chains to obtain implement swing range of 50 mm (2") | Ndondomeko zogwiritsira ntchito khasu ndi monga: nyamulani khasu potembenuka. Konzani makako akunja kapena mkati kuti khasu lithe kuyenda kufika 50mm | agriculture | agriculture document |
en577 | Always maintain the correct tyre pressure to avoid wheel slippage. Add wheel weights/water ballasting or combination of both when excessive rear wheel slippage | Nthawi zonse mpweya ukhale wokwanira popewa kuteleleka. Onjezerani zolemetsa kapena madzi kapena kuphatikiza zonse ngati matayala akumbuyo akutelera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en578 | Always set hydraulic levers correctly for draft and position control operation. Never turn the tractor to the right or left when the harrow is engaged in the soil | Nthawi zonse ikani magiya moyenera pofuna kuongolera tractor. Musakhotetse tractor kumanja kapena kumanzere pamene khasu liri mdothi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en579 | Never reverse the tractor when the harrow is engaged in the soil. To get good results, a disc should be replaced when its diameter is reduced by 5" (125mm) from its original size | Musayendetse mobwelera mbuyo pamene khasu liri mdothi. Pofuna kupeza zotsatira zabwino, khasu libwezerestedwe pamene lachepa ndi 5 inches poyelereka ndi kukula kwake pachiyambi | agriculture | agriculture document |
en580 | Maintenance of disc harrow increases if is used in the stony land. If the soil has entered the grease nipple, then change the nipple | Kusamala khasu kumakula ngati likugwira ntchito mu dothi la miyala. Ngati dothi lalowa mu bele lamafuta, sinthani belelo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en581 | Tighten all nuts and bolts if disc harrow is new after first two-hour initial working. After every 50 hours of use, grease all greasing points and tighten all nuts and bolts | Mangitsani zomangira zonse ngati khasu ndilatsopano pakutha pa maola awiri likugwira ntchito. Pakutha pa maola 50 aliwonse likugwira ntchito, pakani mafuta mmalo onse oyenera kupaka mafuta ndikumangitsa zomangira zonse | agriculture | agriculture document |
en582 | After fifty hours of use, open the bracket spool of disc harrow and clean with diesel oil and pump in new grease | Pakutha kwa maola 50 likugwira ntchito, tsegulani chophimbira khasu ndikuchapa ndi mafuta a disiel kenako kumwetsera mafuta atsopano | agriculture | agriculture document |
en583 | Storage of machine after work: Wash the disc harrow after work. If the disc harrow has to remain unused for long time then clean it & apply a layer of used oil for rust prevention | Kusunga makina pambuyo pogwira ntchito: chapani khasu pambuyo pantchito. Ngati khasu siligwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, lichapeni ndikulipaka mafuta ogwiritsidwa kale ntchito popewa dzimbiri | agriculture | agriculture document |
en584 | Sprayer is a machine which is used to atomize the liquid chemical and spray at the plant uniformly | Sprayer ndi chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mankheala a madzi kuti akhale mpweya ndikupopera ku mbewu mofanana | agriculture | agriculture document |
en585 | In agriculture, a sprayer is a piece of equipment that is used to apply herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers to agricultural crops | Pa ulimi, sprayer ndi chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera mankhwala ophera udzu, tizilombo komanso kuthitra mankhwala ku mbewu zolimidwa | agriculture | agriculture document |
en586 | Sprayers range in size from man-portable units (typically backpack and spray guns) to trailed sprayers that are connected to a tractor, to self-propelled units | Ma Sprayer alipo okula mosiyana kuchokera ena onyamulika makamaka kubelekera kumsana mpaka ena omalgiliridwa pa tractor kapena oyenda okha | agriculture | agriculture document |
en587 | For optimal results, make minor adjustments on boom sprayers before each application to account for changes in the crop, weather conditions, the nature of the pest and the product chemistry | Pofuna kukhala ndi zotsatira zopambana, konzani ma sprayer nthawi iliyonse musanapopele potengera kusintha kwa mbewu, nyengo yopopera, mtundu wa tizilombo komanso zomwe zili mmankhwala | agriculture | agriculture document |
en588 | Adjust sprayer output and distribution at least twice a year to ensure that the sprayer will uniformly cover the target with the optimal volume | Konzani kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi kapopeledwe pa sprayer kawiri pachaka poonetsetsa kuti sprayer ikufikira mofanana ndi mankhwala okwanira malo omwe akufunika | agriculture | agriculture document |
en589 | The first adjustment should take place during calibration at the beginning of the season; the second when the target crop has grown and the canopy filled to such an extent that it requires different sprayer settings to achieve good coverage | Kusintha koyamba kuchitike panthawi yokonza katulukidwe kampweya kumayambiliro kwa nyengo ya ulimi; kwachiwiri kuchitike pamene mbewu zakula ndi kupanga mafutu kufika pakuti zikufunika kusintha katulukidwe ka mpweya pofuna kufikira paliponse | agriculture | agriculture document |
en590 | The aim here is to measure the total liquid sprayed from the spray machine in one minute. First, set the pressure at the correct level for spraying. The correct pressure is specified by the manufacturer and determined by the type of nozzles used | Cholinga chake ndikuyeza kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka mu sprayer pa mphindi imodzi. Poyamba, ikani kulemera/mphamvu ya mpweya pa mulingo woyenera kupopera. Mphamvu yampweya yoyenera imanenedaw ndi wokonza ndipo imadziwika ndi mtundu wa chotulutsira mpweya chomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito | agriculture | agriculture document |
en591 | Fill the spray tank with clean water. Place a measuring jug under one nozzle to collect the water that comes from that nozzle | Dzadzani mosungira madzi mu sprayer ndi madzi oyera. Ikani choyezera pansi pa chotulutsira mpweya kuti madzi adzigweramo akamatuluka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en592 | Run the sprayer for one minute at the correct pressure with all nozzles operating. Measure the quantity of water collected in the jug which has to be compared to the output specified by the manufacturer using the correct pressure | Popani sprayer kwa mphindi imodzi pa mphamvu ya mpweya yoyenera ndi zotulitsira mpweya zonse zikugwira ntchito. Yezani kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe agwera mu choyezera omwe akuyenera kufafanizidwa ndi madzi omwe opanga ma sprayer ananena kuti adzituluka pa mphindi imodzi popopa pa mpweya woyenera | agriculture | agriculture document |
en593 | The normal speed for spraying with any sprayer depends on ground conditions. The slower one travels the higher is the application rate. | Kuthamanga koyenera popera ndi sprayer iliyonse kumadalira mmene nyengo iliri. Ngati mukuyenda pang'onpang'ono mankhwala opopera amachuluka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en594 | Measure out and mark a distance of 100 meters on the ground to be sprayed. Select the right walking speed/gear and engine revolutions for spraying. Measure the time in seconds it takes to travel 100 meters with half full sprayer | Yezani ndi kuyika chizindikiro pantunda wa 100m pansi pomwe mukufuna kupopera. Sankhani kathamangidwe popopera. Yezani nthawi yomwe mwatenda kuyenda 100m ndi sprayer yodzadza theka | agriculture | agriculture document |
en595 | To calculate spray application rate (L/ha). First, measure swath/spray width (in meters). For boom/jet type of spraying, the swath width is equal to the number of nozzles multiplied by the nozzle spacing | Werengetsani mulingo wakathiridwe. Poyamba, yezani mulifupi momwe mankhwala amafika mma mita. Kwa ma sprayer okhala ndi motulikira mwambiri, werengetsani mulifupi podziwa kuchuluka kwa zotulukira mpweya ndi kuchulikitsa ndi kutalikirana kwawo | agriculture | agriculture document |
en596 | For band spraying the swath width is equal to the total of all the band widths | Pothilira mmizere, mulifupi ndi chimodzimodzi kuphatikiza mizere yonse yomwe mankhwala afika | agriculture | agriculture document |
en597 | By calibrating the spraying machine one can find out the spray application rate. This information is necessary whenever the uses of chemicals are specified in amounts per hectare | Pokonza katulukidwe kamankhwala mu sprayer, mungathe kupeza mulingo wakapopeledwe. Uthenga uwu umafunikira pamene kagwiritsidwe ntchito kamankhwala kanenedwa kuti kachuluke pa hectare | agriculture | agriculture document |
en598 | It also helps to work out how many spray tanks are needed for a particular spraying job/area. The spray application rate varies for different crops, different row spacing and the age, height and density of crops | Zimathandizanso pofuna kudziwa kuti ndi maulendo angati omwe mankhwala adzdzidwe mu sprayer kuti ntchito yonse igwirike. Mulingo wopopera umasiya pa mbewu zosiyana, kutalikirana kwa mizere, msinkhu wa mbewu, kutalika kwa mbewu, komanso kuthithikana kwa mbweu | agriculture | agriculture document |
en599 | Precautions during spraying: Take only sufficient pesticide for the day's application. Do not transfer pesticides from original container into the containers | Zoyenera kutsatira popopera: tengani mankhwala okhawo okwanira kuthira patsiku limenelo. Musasamutse mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuchokera mu zipangizo zawo zosungira kupita muzipangizo zina | agriculture | agriculture document |
en600 | Make sure pesticides are mixed in the correct quantities. Wear appropriate clothing. Avoid contamination of the skin especially eyes and mouth | Onetsetsani kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo asakanizidwa pa mulingo woyenera. Pewani mankhwala kukhuza khungu makamaka mmaso kapena mkamwa | agriculture | agriculture document |