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null | open_qa | What is a humility? | Humility is the quality of being humble. Dictionary definitions accentuate humility as a low self-regard and sense of unworthiness. In a religious context humility can mean a recognition of self in relation to a deity (i.e. God), and subsequent submission to that deity as a member of that religion. Outside of a religious context, humility is defined as being "unselved", a liberation from consciousness of self, a form of temperance that is neither having pride (or haughtiness) nor indulging in self-deprecation. | null | null | null | 11300 |
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null | brainstorming | Was Thanos right ? | In the 2018 sci-fi movie Avengers : Infinity war , the main protagonist “Thanos”, was obsessed with the idea of resource management . In a flash back to his story, he revealed that his planet suffered from overpopulation and hence lacked the necessary resources to maintain that society. The society and planet had subsequently ceased to exist. Thanos then believed that only by population control can you better manage the resources. He set about to exterminate ½ the population of the galaxy.
Thanos did succeed and as the 2019 blockbuster Avengers : Endgame and subsequent TV shows suggested , there were some positive environmental benefits to a reduced population. The issue is , and without stating the obvious that genocide is wrong , is that even with a reduced population, that rate that which humans would repopulate the world in the next one hundred years, as a consequence of such staggering loss, would be exponentially faster than the last hundred years. Thereby defeating Thanos, plan for resource management. Instead Thanos should have explored technology for maximizing the longevity of those resources or looked at more sustainable solutions. | null | null | null | 11301 |
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null | general_qa | How do I get to Juneau, Alaska? | You really only have two options, by boat or by plane. No roads lead directly to Juneau, Alaska, due to the surrounding geography. Many cruise ships visit Juneau during summer, which is how it receives most of its visitors. | null | null | null | 11302 |
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null | creative_writing | Write about a peculiar dream you have had | I had the most intriguing dream last night. I always remember my dreams starting in the middle of the story. It feels very natural and there is logical prelude to the event I am going through, but I don’t remember per say. In this dream I was taking part in my final university exams. This is a recurring dream I have. I was right before the beginning of the exam and could not remember any of my classes of the year. On the way to the exam room I was asking all my friends to share their knowledge with me to catch up. I was trying to locate my class book in my backpack in an attempt to read through it one last time as the class doors were getting closer and closer. My anxiety was raising. When the doors opened, instead of entering a classroom. , I stepped onto a meadow on a sunny afternoon. Very naturally my exam became a scavenger hunt to find pages of my book hidden in trees or floating on the lake. I was not surprised and quickly went about looking for a boat to retrieve the pages floating on the lake. As I was on the boat I discovered I could float and even fly, which made it much easier to go after all the pages. Dreams are always interesting to remember. They often revolve around common topics or events, like taking exams or flying and any many other events. I have read that dreams have meaning, I will need to research the meaning of this sequence of events. | null | null | null | 11303 |
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null | open_qa | Why does sand get firmer when it is wet? | Sand is made up of tiny grain particles that are largely oval or flat. When they get wet, the particles can more easily move around and align, which packs them more tightly together. | null | null | null | 11304 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract the ways to spell "Muscovy duck" using the sample as a reference, and place them in a list. | The Muscovy duck has been domesticated for centuries, and is widely traded as "Barbary duck". Muscovy breeds are popular because they have stronger-tasting meat — sometimes compared to roasted beef — than that of the domestic duck. The meat is lean when compared to the fatty meat of mallard-derived ducks, its leanness and tenderness being often compared to veal. Muscovy ducks are also less noisy, and sometimes marketed as a "quackless" duck; even though they are not completely silent, they do not actually quack (except in cases of extreme stress). The carcass of a Muscovy duck is also much heavier than most other domestic ducks, which makes it ideal for the dinner table. | - Muscovy duck
- Barbary duck
- Quackless duck | null | null | null | 11305 |
null | open_qa | What is the largest city in North America? | The largest city in North America by population is Mexico City. | null | null | null | 11306 |
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null | brainstorming | What are 5 things to do in Taveuni, Fiji? | Here are 5 things to do when visiting Taveuni, Fiji:
1. Go scuba diving in the world-famous rainbow reef to experience the biodiversity of Fiji’s marine life.
2. Go to the Waitavala Waterslide or ‘Sliding Rock’ to experience a natural rock waterslide.
3. Visit Tavoro Falls at Bouma National Park for a beautiful hike through the Fijian jungle to 3 separate waterfalls.
4. Experience local Fijian cuisine and enjoy the sunset while having dinner at Tramonto.
5. Enjoy relaxing on one of many of the beautiful white sand beaches the island has to offer. | null | null | null | 11307 |
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null | open_qa | Why are dogs called dogs? | About seven centuries ago, the word hound, which came from the Old English hund, was the word for all domestic canines. Dog was just used to refer to a subgroup of hounds that includes the lovely but frequently slobbering mastiff.
Of course, the opposite is now true. We use dog to talk about all of man’s best friends, from lovable golden retrievers to panting chow chows. And hound is now used to indicate a type of dog used just for hunting. Hound especially refers to a dog with a long face and large, droopy ears. Linguists still speculate about the reversal of fortune for hound and dog. One idea suggests that the sub-breed known as dogs became so populous that dog simply became the generic term (sort of an animal equivalent of the way brand names can become so ubiquitous that they start to be used as a general term for their purpose). | null | null | null | 11308 |
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null | classification | Which is a species of fish? Dolphin or Dolphin fish | Dolphin fish | null | null | null | 11309 |
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null | open_qa | What is the most popular sport in Canada? | The most popular sport in Canada is ice hockey. It is also the national sport of Canada. | null | null | null | 11310 |
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null | closed_qa | Why did the Sahara experience a period of rapid desertification? | The size of the Sahara has historically been extremely variable, with its area rapidly fluctuating and at times disappearing depending on global climatic conditions. At the end of the Ice ages, estimated to have been around 10,500 BCE, the Sahara had again become a green fertile valley, and its African populations returned from the interior and coastal highlands in sub-Saharan Africa, with rock art paintings depicting a fertile Sahara and large populations discovered in Tassili n'Ajjer dating back perhaps 10 millennia. However, the warming and drying climate meant that by 5000 BCE, the Sahara region was becoming increasingly dry and hostile. Around 3500 BCE, due to a tilt in the earth's orbit, the Sahara experienced a period of rapid desertification. The population trekked out of the Sahara region towards the Nile Valley below the Second Cataract where they made permanent or semi-permanent settlements. A major climatic recession occurred, lessening the heavy and persistent rains in Central and Eastern Africa. Since this time, dry conditions have prevailed in Eastern Africa and, increasingly during the last 200 years, in Ethiopia. | Sahara experienced a period of rapid desertification due to a tilt in the earth's orbit. | null | null | null | 11311 |
null | summarization | What's changed and unchanged for IKEA pencils through the years? | IKEA pencils are small pencils provided for free in IKEA stores worldwide. They are found in small boxes attached to poles, together with maps, measuring tapes and shopping forms. The IKEA pencil has been known for the wide variety of designs. Through the years the color changed from blue, to yellow to the natural color of wood. Despite the different colors, its dimensions have always been 7×87mm. Their common in-store application is for notetaking, with customers making note of selected items from product tags onto their notepads and visiting the self-service furniture warehouse to collect their showroom products in flat pack form, using their notes to locate their products. | The color changed from blue, to yellow to the natural color of wood. The dimensions of the pencil has never changed which is always 7 x 87mm. | null | null | null | 11312 |
null | open_qa | What is a block chain? | A block chain is in the most basic terms a ledger that is used for recording transactions in a network. Some of the most popular block chains are etheryum, and bitcoin. The idea when you purchase cryptocurrency is you make a new transaction in the blockchain and your transaction gets a copy of every single transaction prior to yours from the general ledger. Everything is trackable this way and every token can be accounted for. Nothing will ever get lost. | null | null | null | 11313 |
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null | general_qa | What is the best way to understand event based data? | The best way to understand event based data depends on the particular questions you're trying to answer. If you're looking for overall trends in data, then counting the data, perhaps grouped by time frames and another logical grouping, then graphing the resulting time series works best. If instead you're trying to understand how the data is broken down into groups, selecting a time frame as a filter and then visualizing the groups with a heat map or scatter chart may work better. | null | null | null | 11314 |
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null | general_qa | Why did the Soviet Union collapse? | There are a multitude of reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union. But historians have generally narrowed it down to the following major causes:
Rise of ethnic nationalism in Soviet Republics: After decades of suppressing national identities, ethnic groups began asserting their nationality and demanded greater autonomy and political power. This resulted in numerous riots and protests throughout the Soviet Union with demands for independence and national self-determination.
Economic stagnation and fall of oil prices: The centrally planned economic model resulted in massive shortages of staple consumer products. Shops were continually empty and Soviet citizens needed to wait in long lines to purchase basic goods. After years of economic deprivation, Soviet citizens were deeply angry at their government. In addition, oil prices declined significantly in the late 1980s, which provided the Soviet government a key source of hard currency. This it made it difficult for the Soviet government to sustain high levels of military spending and keep the economy functioning.
Perestroika and Glasnost: Gorbachev's reforms of the 1980s were intended to reinvigorate the Soviet economy. However, they unintentionally triggered an opening of debate throughout the country. The increased freedoms allowed people to more openly criticize the government and demand changes.
Afghanistan and Chernobyl: In the late 1980s, two events symbolized the incompetence of the Soviet government. The failure of the Afghanistan war resulted in a loss of confidence in the Soviet military. The Chernobyl disaster revealed the incompetence and duplicity of the Soviet regime, resulting in a further erosion of trust. | null | null | null | 11315 |
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null | summarization | What is the Jones-Connally Act? | The Jones–Connally Act was a New Deal Initiative passed by Congress in April 1934 as an extension to the Agricultural Adjustment Act. Largely in response to the great drought of 1933–1934, cattle ranchers acted against their former opposition to the commodification of cattle and appealed to the government for assistance in ridding of themselves of the millions of cattle they could no longer afford to feed or to keep alive without a loss on return. | The Jones–Connally Act was passed by the US Congress in April 1934. It was an extension to the Agricultural Adjustment Act. It was part of the New Deal and was in response to the drought of 1933-1934. It made cattle a basic commodity giving the government authority over the distribution and processing of the cattle for public relief purposes. | null | null | null | 11316 |
null | creative_writing | Running a business is tough and there will always be problems in the market. Make the case to a skeptical colleague as to why private sector managers should devote attention and energy to being a steward of the institutions of capitalism. Please include citations for Jonathan Haidt. | To steward means to take care of, to guide, and it implies a sense of responsibility. I agree with
the notion that, in addition to stories about capitalism prevailing as either an extractor or savior, a third story can be written of “prosperity with problems” in which participants are grateful for
accomplishments yet pursuing improvements (Haidt, J.) Putting that together, then, who is responsible for writing this story? I believe that answer to be business leaders themselves -- or else be beholden to government regulation to steward the institution in the direction that benefits not just owners and shareholders, but all stakeholders including employees and the environment.
But why should business leaders steward the market? Private managers hold a moral obligation to
those relying on capitalism for work and health insurance to create sustainable jobs. As individuals count on business leaders to respond to our world’s most prevalent issues, business leaders also hold a social obligation to do so with care. This response also assigns the appropriate accountability to
whomever is responsible for perpetuating a system – if business leaders want to reap the rewards of
profit, they must assume responsibility for the very conditions which benefit them.
As alluded to above, private interests sometimes conflict horribly with what society and individuals need, so government regulators must be
stewards alongside business leaders. Additionally, business leaders can take a step away from their day-to-day and learn from those who have dedicated their lives to research. | null | null | null | 11317 |
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null | general_qa | What is GMROI? | GMROI is short for Gross Margin Return on Investment. It's a metric used in retail to quantify the profitability of your purchased inventory. The formula for it can be simplified to: Gross Margin / Average Cost of Inventory. | null | null | null | 11318 |
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null | general_qa | What's loquat fruit and where does it originate from? | The loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) is a large evergreen shrub or tree, grown commercially for its orange fruit and for its leaves, which are used to make herbal tea. It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant.
The loquat is in the family Rosaceae, and is native to the cooler hill regions of south-central China. In Japan the loquat is known as biwa (枇杷, びわ), and has been grown for over 1,000 years. The loquat has been introduced to regions with subtropical to mild temperate climates throughout the world.
Eriobotrya japonica was formerly thought to be closely related to the genus Mespilus, and is still sometimes mistakenly known as the Japanese medlar. It is also known as Japanese plum and Chinese plum, as well as pipa in China, naspli in Malta, lukaat in India, lucat or loket in Sri Lanka, níspero in Spain, nêspera in Portugal, shések in Israel, akidéné in Lebanon, ebirangweti in Kisii, nespolo in Italy (where the name is shared with Mespilus germanica), and golabi jangali (jungle pear) in Iran. | null | null | null | 11319 |
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null | general_qa | Where can I go to find out where my polling place is in Wisconsin so that I know where I can vote? | The MyVote.wi.gov site has several resources to help Wisconsin voters. One resource allows you to enter in your address, and based on that address, it will show you the address of your polling place, along with a Google map to help you to navigate to it. Polling places are often changed, so it is a good idea to verify where your polling place is before each election. It can be very frustrating to wait in line at a polling place to vote, only to find out once you get to check-in that you are at the wrong site and have to another polling site where you might have to wait again. This website is provided by the Wisconsin Elections Commission, which is a bipartisan commission charged with implementing Wisconsin's election statutes. | null | null | null | 11320 |
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null | open_qa | What high school did Washington Governer Jay Inslee attend? | Ingraham High School | null | null | null | 11321 |
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null | summarization | Based on the reference text, what were the main countries and alliances of World War II? | World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.
World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in history; it resulted in an estimated 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the Axis defeat, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders.
The causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, the rise of fascism in Europe, and European tensions in the aftermath of World War I. World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on Germany on 3 September. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their "spheres of influence" across Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, in a military alliance with Italy, Japan and other countries called the Axis. Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the United Kingdom, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history.
Japan, which aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific, was at war with the Republic of China by 1937. In December 1941, Japan attacked American and British territories with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific, including an attack on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor which resulted in the United States and United Kingdom declaring war against Japan. The European Axis powers declared war on the United States in solidarity. Japan soon captured much of the western Pacific, but its advances were halted in 1942 after losing the critical Battle of Midway; later, Germany and Italy were defeated in North Africa and at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union. Key setbacks in 1943—including a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front, the Allied invasions of Sicily and the Italian mainland, and Allied offensives in the Pacific—cost the Axis powers their initiative and forced them into strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained its territorial losses and pushed Germany and its allies back. During 1944 and 1945, Japan suffered reversals in mainland Asia, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key western Pacific islands.
The war in Europe concluded with the liberation of German-occupied territories and the invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, culminating in the Fall of Berlin to Soviet troops, Hitler's suicide, and the German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the refusal of Japan to surrender on the terms of the Potsdam Declaration (issued 26 July 1945), the United States dropped the first atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima on 6 August and Nagasaki on 9 August. Faced with an imminent invasion of the Japanese archipelago, the possibility of additional atomic bombings, and the Soviet Union's declared entry into the war against Japan on the eve of invading Manchuria, Japan announced on 10 August its intention to surrender, signing a surrender document on 2 September 1945.
World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the globe and set the foundation for the international order of the world's nations during the Cold War and into present day. The United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts, with the victorious great powers—China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States—becoming the permanent members of its Security Council. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the nearly half-century-long Cold War. In the wake of European devastation, the influence of its great powers waned, triggering the decolonisation of Africa and Asia. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery and expansion. Political and economic integration, especially in Europe, began as an effort to forestall future hostilities, end pre-war enmities, and forge a sense of common identity. | The main countries involved in World War II were Germany, Japan, Italy, United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and China and there were divided into two opposing alliances called the Allies and the Axis. The Axis alliance was composed of Germany, Japan, and Italy while the Allies alliance was composed of the United Kingdom, United States, Soviet Union, and China. | null | null | null | 11322 |
null | classification | Classify each of the following as either a real or a fictional characters: professor Dumbledore, Mahatma Gandhi, King Arthur, captain Kirk, Luke skywalker, Julius Caesar | Dumbledore - fictional ,Mahatma Gandhi - real, King Arthur - fictional, captain Kirk - fictional, Luke skywalker - fictional, Julius Caesar - real | null | null | null | 11323 |
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null | brainstorming | best ways to search google | Use of Tabs
Use a hyphen to exclude words
use of colon when searching specific sites
Use asterisk when necessary
Find search sites similar to other | null | null | null | 11324 |
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null | classification | Classify each of the following European countries as either members of the European Union or non-members of the European Union: Spain, Albania, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Romania, Germany. | Germany, Spain, Ireland, and Romania are all members of the European Union. Of these countries, Romania joined the EU most recently. Albania and the United Kingdom are not members of the European Union. It applied for EU membership on April 28, 2009 and since June 2014 has been an official candidate. The United Kingdom was previously an EU member, but withdrew its membership in 2020. | null | null | null | 11325 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract the names of the Formula One teams Verstappen was a part of from the text. Separate them with a comma. | Verstappen is the son of racing drivers Jos Verstappen, who also competed in Formula One, and Sophie Kumpen. He had a successful run in junior karting and single-seater categories – including KF3, WSK World Series, KZ2 and European Formula 3 – beating several records.
At the 2015 Australian Grand Prix, when he was aged 17 years, 166 days, he became the youngest driver to compete in Formula One. After spending the 2015 season with Scuderia Toro Rosso, Verstappen started his 2016 campaign with the Italian team before being promoted to parent team Red Bull Racing after four races as a replacement for Daniil Kvyat. At the age of 18, he won the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix on his debut for Red Bull Racing, becoming the youngest-ever driver and the first Dutch driver to win a Formula One Grand Prix. After winning the 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Verstappen became the first Dutch driver to win the Formula One World Championship, and the 34th Formula One World Drivers' Champion. He won his second consecutive Formula One championship the next season. | Scuderia Toro Rosso, Red Bull Racing | null | null | null | 11326 |
null | open_qa | Booker Prize 2021 was given to Damon Galgut for | The Promise | null | null | null | 11327 |
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null | general_qa | Is Scala a good programming language? | There are some pluses to Scala: it is statically typed, it has a lot of syntactic sugar that allows you to write very compact code, it is inter-operable with Java so you can use any Java library that exists. However there are plenty of downsides:
- there's too many ways to do the same thing (for example "a.b" is the same as "a b")
- there's often entire sub-languages that spin out (e.g., when doing shell manipulation), and it's hard to understand these obscure sub-languages
- there is a breaking upgrade from Scala 2 to Scala 3, which means that Scala 2 people are stuck with it, without improvements. | null | null | null | 11328 |
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null | information_extraction | From the provided description of the cheesemaking process, list the ingredients required to make cheese. | The goal of cheese making is to control the spoiling of milk into cheese. The milk is traditionally from a cow, goat, sheep or buffalo, although, in theory, cheese could be made from the milk of any mammal. Cow's milk is most commonly used worldwide. The cheesemaker's goal is a consistent product with specific characteristics (appearance, aroma, taste, texture). The process used to make a Camembert will be similar to, but not quite the same as, that used to make Cheddar.
Some cheeses may be deliberately left to ferment from naturally airborne spores and bacteria; this approach generally leads to a less consistent product but one that is valuable in a niche market.
Culturing
Cheese is made by bringing milk (possibly pasteurised) in the cheese vat to a temperature required to promote the growth of the bacteria that feed on lactose and thus ferment the lactose into lactic acid. These bacteria in the milk may be wild, as is the case with unpasteurised milk, added from a culture, frozen or freeze dried concentrate of starter bacteria. Bacteria which produce only lactic acid during fermentation are homofermentative; those that also produce lactic acid and other compounds such as carbon dioxide, alcohol, aldehydes and ketones are heterofermentative. Fermentation using homofermentative bacteria is important in the production of cheeses such as Cheddar, where a clean, acid flavour is required. For cheeses such as Emmental the use of heterofermentative bacteria is necessary to produce the compounds that give characteristic fruity flavours and, importantly, the gas that results in the formation of bubbles in the cheese ('eye holes').
Starter cultures are chosen to give a cheese its specific characteristics. In the case of mould-ripened cheese such as Stilton, Roquefort or Camembert, mould spores (fungal spores) may be added to the milk in the cheese vat or can be added later to the cheese curd.
Coagulation
During the fermentation process, once sufficient lactic acid has been developed, rennet is added to cause the casein to precipitate. Rennet contains the enzyme chymosin which converts κ-casein to para-κ-caseinate (the main component of cheese curd, which is a salt of one fragment of the casein) and glycomacropeptide, which is lost in the cheese whey. As the curd is formed, milk fat is trapped in a casein matrix. After adding the rennet, the cheese milk is left to form curds over a period of time.
Fresh chevre hanging in cheesecloth to drain.
Draining
Once the cheese curd is judged to be ready, the cheese whey must be released. As with many foods the presence of water and the bacteria in it encourages decomposition. To prevent such decomposition it is necessary to remove most of the water (whey) from the cheese milk, and hence cheese curd, to make a partial dehydration of the curd. There are several ways to separate the curd from the whey.
Maturing cheese in a cheese cellar
Scalding
In making Cheddar (or many other hard cheeses) the curd is cut into small cubes and the temperature is raised to approximately 39 °C (102 °F) to 'scald' the curd particles. Syneresis occurs and cheese whey is expressed from the particles. The Cheddar curds and whey are often transferred from the cheese vat to a cooling table which contains screens that allow the whey to drain, but which trap the curd. The curd is cut using long, blunt knives and 'blocked' (stacked, cut and turned) by the cheesemaker to promote the release of cheese whey in a process known as 'cheddaring'. During this process the acidity of the curd increases to a desired level. The curd is then milled into ribbon shaped pieces and salt is mixed into it to arrest acid development. The salted green cheese curd is put into cheese moulds lined with cheesecloths and pressed overnight to allow the curd particles to bind together. The pressed blocks of cheese are then removed from the cheese moulds and are either bound with muslin-like cloth, or waxed or vacuum packed in plastic bags to be stored for maturation. Vacuum packing removes oxygen and prevents mould (fungal) growth during maturation, which depending on the wanted final product may be a desirable characteristic or not.
Mould-ripening
Main article: Cheese ripening
In contrast to cheddaring, making cheeses like Camembert requires a more gentle treatment of the curd. It is carefully transferred to cheese hoops and the whey is allowed to drain from the curd by gravity, generally overnight. The cheese curds are then removed from the hoops to be brined by immersion in a saturated salt solution. The salt absorption stops bacteria growing, as with Cheddar. If white mould spores have not been added to the cheese milk it is applied to the cheese either by spraying the cheese with a suspension of mould spores in water or by immersing the cheese in a bath containing spores of, e.g., Penicillium candida.
By taking the cheese through a series of maturation stages where temperature and relative humidity are carefully controlled, allowing the surface mould to grow and the mould-ripening of the cheese by fungi to occur. Mould-ripened cheeses ripen very quickly compared to hard cheeses (weeks against months or years). This is because the fungi used are biochemically very active when compared with starter bacteria. Some cheeses are surface-ripened by moulds, such as Camembert and Brie, some are ripened internally, such as Stilton, which is pierced with stainless steel wires, to admit air to promote mould spore germination and growth, as with Penicillium roqueforti. Surface ripening of some cheeses, such as Saint-Nectaire, may also be influenced by yeasts which contribute flavour and coat texture. Others are allowed to develop bacterial surface growths which give characteristic colours and appearances, e.g. by the growth of Brevibacterium linens which gives an orange coat to cheeses. | The main ingredient used to make cheese is milk. Cow's milk is commonly used, though goat, sheep or buffalo can also be used, as could the milk of any mammal in theory. Starter cultures are typically added to aid in the culturing stage of the process. Rennet is added to the cheese milk to promote the separation into cheese curd and whey. Ultimately, salt is added to halt the production of acid later in the process. Finally, mould spores are introduced to assist in ripening. This can be added to the cheese milk early on in the process, or just prior to maturing. | null | null | null | 11329 |
null | classification | Which of these animals typically travel through the air and which travel through the water: whale, shark, eagle, sea turtle, hummingbird, blue jay, octopus, and robin. | The animals that travel through the water include: whale, shark, sea turtle, and octopus. The animals that travel through the air include: the eagle, hummingbird, blue jay, and robin. | null | null | null | 11330 |
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null | creative_writing | Make an argument for making buses free to ride in cities. | Making buses free to ride would increase ridership. This benefits cities by reducing cars on the road, reducing traffic congestion and pollution. People who rely on buses often have lower income, and not charging bus fare would be disproportionately beneficial to them. Not charging a fare also avoids the need to maintain payment infrastructure on buses. | null | null | null | 11331 |
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null | closed_qa | When is Original Joe's Day in San Francisco? | San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee declared January 26 as "Original Joe's Day". | January 26 | null | null | null | 11332 |
null | open_qa | What is the major source of income in Ethiopia and why its important? | Agriculture is the backbone of the economy and the main source of livelihood for the majority of the population. However, traditional agricultural practices have led to soil degradation and deforestation. Farmers in Ethiopia often rely on a few staple crops, such as teff, wheat, and maize, which are grown repeatedly on the same plot of land without proper rotation or replenishment of soil nutrients (International Labour Organization). This leads to reduced yields, which can make it difficult for farmers to produce enough food to feed their families and earn a living. Deforestation, which is also a major problem, has been driven by the need for more land to grow crops. Ethiopia has one of the highest deforestation rates in the world, with an estimated loss of 1.1 million hectares of forest every year (World Bank). | null | null | null | 11333 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me some tips for cooking the best bolognese sauce. | In order to cook bolognese sauce, it is important to use quality ingredients. You're going to need the following: Italian tomato sauce, onion, celery, carrot, minced meat, extra virgin olive oil, salt, white or red wine and milk. Here are some useful tips:
- Take your time. Cooking a great bolognese sauce takes at least 4 hours. Set the stove level at low.
- Start by cooking the "sofritto". This is a mix of chopped onions, celery and carrots. -
- Add the meat to the "sofritto". Be sure to seal it so it doesn't leak water into your sauce.
- Add some wine and boil it completely.
- When there is no liquid left, add the tomato sauce and some water, and cook it for at 3 to 5 hours. You can add more water during the process if needed. | null | null | null | 11334 |
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null | open_qa | Which first indian movie won oscars and what category | The first indian movie to won oscars is RRR. It is a south indian Tollywood Movie directed by SS Rajamouli and acted by Jr NTR and Ram Charan in main leads. The song Naatu Naatu has won the Oscar for music director Keeravani with lyrics by Chandrabose | null | null | null | 11335 |
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null | general_qa | What do to if your cat starts drooling excessively? | Although excessively drooling could be a sign of your cat eating something distasteful, it could also be an underlying serious disease like teeth ache or poisoning, so be sure to seek out veterinary care as soon as possible. | null | null | null | 11336 |
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null | general_qa | What are the benefits of the public cloud | The public cloud offers a global, standardized and harmonized infrastructure and networking environment. The cloud resources are operated by one of the large hyperscalers and are delivered over highly secure and reliable internet connections.
Benefits and advantages of the public cloud are:
- High reliability: a large network of servers ensure against failures. Hyperscalers operate in datacenter regions across the globe and in availability zones. You can store a copy of your data up to three times and apply highest standards of business continuity and disaster recovery
- Lower costs: there is no need to purchase hardware and software and run an on-premise datacenter. The environment is harmonized and new hardware will be released constantly to make sure a great TCO is applied and the current compute can be optimized frequently
- Services availability: create a new resource at any time with all the services being available. No provisioning of hardware and software and pay only when you use them
- Innovation: the services are always up to date and cutting edge to make sure your business can lead with innovation
- Scalability: resources are provided on-demand and scale almost unlimited to meet your business needs
- Shared responsibility: the service provider provides the maintenance and operates in a shared responsibility model
- PAYG: pay as you go and as you use the cloud services. No termination fees, no fixed and long-term binding contracts (unless you would like to save additional costs and sign a longer-term agreement with a cloud provider)
- Increased security: public cloud providers analyze trillions of signals every day and make sure the infrastructure is robust and highly secure against cyber attacks
- Trial and error: you can kick-off several new initiatives in parallel on a low-cost environment and stay flexible that if one of these projects fail, you will be able to shut down all the resources immediately
- Eco-system: public clouds offer a wide range of additional service providers and independent software vendors and make sure you can use best-of-breed products as you go. You can purchase it through a large marketplace and some of them are even available as first-party services
- M&A activities: if your business is involved in merger and acquisitions, a public cloud environment lets you organize all the resources in the cloud, merge and harmonize them and optimize the infrastructure environment
Data & AI: all your data can be aggregated in one place and service providers in the public cloud add artificial intelligence and machine learning services to help your business adapt and understand the next best action
There are many more benefits of using the public cloud. They come as you grow. | null | null | null | 11337 |
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null | information_extraction | What are three mammals found within San Mateo County? | The county is home to several endangered species including the San Francisco garter snake and the San Bruno elfin butterfly, both of which are endemic to San Mateo County. The endangered Ridgway's Rail is also found on the shores of San Francisco Bay, in the cities of Belmont and San Mateo. The endangered wildflower Hickman's potentilla is found near the Pacific Ocean on the lower slopes of Montara Mountain. The endangered wildflowers White-rayed pentachaeta, Pentachaeta bellidiflora, San Mateo Woolly Sunflower, Eriophyllum latilobum, Marin Dwarf Flax, Hesperolinon congestum and the San Mateo Thornmint, Acanthomintha duttonii, are found in the vicinity of the Crystal Springs Reservoir.
In May 2014, a California condor was spotted near Pescadero, a coastal community south of San Francisco—it was the first California condor spotted in San Mateo County since 1904. The condor, tagged with the number "597", and also known as "Lupine", is one of 439 condors living in the wild or captivity in California, Baja California and Arizona. The three-year-old female flew more than 100 miles (160 km) north from Pinnacles National Park, in San Benito County, on May 30, and landed on a private, forested property near Pescadero, on the San Mateo County Coast, where it was photographed by a motion-activated wildlife camera. Harold Heath, Professor Emeritus, of Stanford University was responsible for the 1904 sighting, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the University campus.
Pumas (Puma concolor), also known as cougars or mountain lions, roam the county.
Tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes) were native to San Mateo County and among the "favored foods" of the Ohlone people based on ethnohistoric and archeological evidence there. The discovery of two elk specimens made news in 1962, one a royal elk (royal elk bulls have six tines per antler) from a peat bog excavated in Pacifica's historic Laguna Alta, and now in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology collection. These may date from the time of Spanish settlement. Laguna Alta lay just south of the Interstate 280 and Skyline Boulevard intersection, east of Mussel Rock. The California Academy of Sciences also has an elk skull fragment collected one mile inland from the mouth of Purisima Creek in 1951. Additional coastal elk remains dating from the Middle and Late Periods in Northern California were found in at least five more late Holocene archeological sites in San Mateo County: SMA-115 (Montara State Beach site), SMA-118 (Bean Hollow State Beach site), SMA-244 (Butano Ridge site), SMA-97 (Año Nuevo Creek site) and SMA-218 (Año Nuevo State Reserve site). On the eastern side of the San Francisco Peninsula, elk remains were also unearthed at multiple archaeological sites along San Francisquito Creek. | Pumas and tule elk are two mammal species found in San Mateo County. | null | null | null | 11338 |
null | closed_qa | Based on the paragraph below, name some authors outside of Latin America who employ magical realism in their work. | Magic realism or magical realism is a style of literary fiction and art. It paints a realistic view of the world while also adding magical elements, often blurring the lines between fantasy and reality. Magic realism often refers to literature in particular, with magical or supernatural phenomena presented in an otherwise real-world or mundane setting, commonly found in novels and dramatic performances.: 1–5 Despite including certain magic elements, it is generally considered to be a different genre from fantasy because magical realism uses a substantial amount of realistic detail and employs magical elements to make a point about reality, while fantasy stories are often separated from reality. Magical realism is often seen as an amalgamation of real and magical elements that produces a more inclusive writing form than either literary realism or fantasy.
The term magic realism is broadly descriptive rather than critically rigorous, and Matthew Strecher (1999) defines it as "what happens when a highly detailed, realistic setting is invaded by something too strange to believe." The term and its wide definition can often become confused, as many writers are categorized as magical realists. The term was influenced by a German and Italian painting style of the 1920s which were given the same name. In The Art of Fiction, British novelist and critic David Lodge defines magic realism: "when marvellous and impossible events occur in what otherwise purports to be a realistic narrative - is an effect especially associated with contemporary Latin-American fiction (for example the work of the Colombian novelist, Gabriel García Marquez) but it is also encountered in novels from other continents, such as those of Günter Grass, Salman Rushdie and Milan Kundera. All these writers have lived through great historical convulsions and wrenching personal upheavals, which they feel they cannot be adequately represented in a discourse of undisturbed realism", citing Kundera's The Book of Laughter and Forgetting as an exemplar. " Michiko Kakutani writes that "The transactions between the extraordinary and the mundane that occur in so much Latin American fiction are not merely a literary technique, but also a mirror of a reality in which the fantastic is frequently part of everyday life." Magical realism often mixes history and fantasy, as in Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children, in which the children born at midnight on August 15, 1947, the moment of India's independence, are telepathically linked.
Irene Guenther (1995) tackles the German roots of the term, and how an earlier magic realist art is related to a later magic realist literature; meanwhile, magical realism is often associated with Latin-American literature, including founders of the genre, particularly the authors Gabriel García Márquez, Isabel Allende, Jorge Luis Borges, Juan Rulfo, Miguel Ángel Asturias, Elena Garro, Mireya Robles, Rómulo Gallegos and Arturo Uslar Pietri. In English literature, its chief exponents include Neil Gaiman, Salman Rushdie, Alice Hoffman, Nick Joaquin, and Nicola Barker. In Bengali literature, prominent writers of magic realism include Nabarun Bhattacharya, Akhteruzzaman Elias, Shahidul Zahir, Jibanananda Das and Syed Waliullah. In Japanese literature, one of the most important authors of this genre is Haruki Murakami. In Kannada literature, the writers Shivaram Karanth and Devanur Mahadeva have infused magical realism in their most prominent works. In Polish literature, magic realism is represented by Olga Tokarczuk, the 2018 Nobel Prize laureate in Literature. | While Latin American authors are most closely associated with magical realism, there are many others who adopt this style. Notable ones include Salman Rushdie, Neil Gaiman, Haruki Murakami and Olga Tokarczuk. | null | null | null | 11339 |
null | general_qa | Will immunity increase when you have pets like Dogs/Cats? | Mostly yes! immunity increases of humans with pets excluding the people with pet dander allergy. Thoughts to ponder for growing up kids who are exposed to pets build a higher level of immunity and resilience. Added to the unconditional LOVE the pet offers. | null | null | null | 11340 |
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null | open_qa | What is Spot rate in finance? | This is the exchange rate for foreign−exchange transactions which are being done straightaway. | null | null | null | 11341 |
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null | general_qa | Why do people travel to Puerto Rico? | Puerto Rico is an island in the Caribbean. Many travelers enjoy visiting the beach to relax or participate in water sports like surfing or jet skiing. Some enjoy visiting El Yunque, the only tropical rainforest in the U.S. National Park system. Others like to see old colonial architecture, such as forts like El Morro. | null | null | null | 11342 |
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null | open_qa | What is the Gospel in the context of the Christian faith? | The Gospel is the foundation of the Christian faith and is detailed in Bible through the account of Jesus Christ's birth, earthly ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection. The core tenant of the Gospel is the separation of sinful people from a holy God. This sin required a perfect sacrifice for people to be brought back into relationship with God and entry to heaven. Jesus lived the perfect life that people could never live on their own, and died as a living sacrifice on our behalf. Now, whoever places their faith in Jesus as a free gift of grace is brought into right relationship with God and is considered to be saved, or born again. | null | null | null | 11343 |
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null | general_qa | How do you? How do you plant flowers | To begin planting flowers, you will first dig a hole enough to fit a seed. Next you will cover it with dirt to fill the hole. finally pour some water over your covered up seed and over the next few days make sure that it gets tons of sunlight and water and watch your plant grow. | null | null | null | 11344 |
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null | summarization | Extract out some details about Hair of the Dog Brewing Company brewery from given paragraph | Hair of the Dog Brewing Company is a brewery in Portland, Oregon. Several of its beers are bottle conditioned. The tasting room in southeast Portland's Buckman neighborhood closed on June 26, 2022.
Alan Sprints is the owner and brewer with a few helpers, including his sister and his three sons. He graduated from Le Cordon Bleu culinary school. He was president of the home brewers club Oregon Brew Crew, prior to founding Hair of the Dog in 1993.
The brewery's biggest claim to fame was its barley wine, Dave. Its Eve beer was frozen distilled three times. The brewery's Adam beer is a recreation of an Adambier, a historic brew that was originally made in Dortmund, Germany. | 1. Hair of the Dog Brewing Company is a brewery in Portland, Oregon.
2. Several of its beers are bottle conditioned. The tasting room in southeast Portland's Buckman neighborhood closed on June 26, 2022.
3. The tasting room in southeast Portland's Buckman neighborhood closed on June 26, 2022.
4. Alan Sprints is the owner and brewer with a few helpers, including his sister and his three sons.
5. He graduated from Le Cordon Bleu culinary school.
6. He was president of the home brewers club Oregon Brew Crew, prior to founding Hair of the Dog in 1993.
7. The brewery's biggest claim to fame was its barley wine, Dave.
8. Its Eve beer was frozen distilled three times.
9. The brewery's Adam beer is a recreation of an Adambier, a historic brew that was originally made in Dortmund, Germany. | null | null | null | 11345 |
null | brainstorming | Who is Brendon Small? | Brendon Small is the co-creator of Metalocalypse. | null | null | null | 11346 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract the years in which Ayrton Senna da Silva won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship and list them using bullets. | Ayrton Senna da Silva was a Brazilian racing driver who won the Formula One World Drivers' Championship in 1988, 1990, and 1991. Senna is one of three Formula One drivers from Brazil to win the World Championship and won 41 Grands Prix and 65 pole positions, with the latter being the record until 2006. He died in an accident while leading the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, driving for the Williams team. | - 1988
- 1990
- 1991 | null | null | null | 11347 |
null | open_qa | How old is the Greek language? | The Greek language is the oldest language in Europe, spoken since 1450 years before Christ. Currently Greek is spoken in Greece, Albania and Cyprus. About 13 million people still speak Greek today and many in the greater diaspora. | null | null | null | 11348 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the date when Lincoln was assasinated | During the American Civil War (1861–1865), Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States, was the center of the Union war effort, which rapidly turned it from a small city into a major capital with full civic infrastructure and strong defenses.
The shock of the Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861, with demoralized troops wandering the streets of the capital, caused President Abraham Lincoln to order extensive fortifications and a large garrison. That required an influx of troops, military suppliers and building contractors, which would set up a new demand for accommodation, including military hospitals. The abolition of slavery in Washington in 1862 also attracted many freedmen to the city. Except for one attempted invasion by Confederate cavalry leader Jubal Early in 1864, the capital remained impregnable.
When Lincoln was assassinated in Ford's Theater in April 1865, thousands flocked into Washington to view the coffin, further raising the profile of the city. The new president, Andrew Johnson, wanted to dispel the funereal atmosphere and organized a program of victory parades, which revived public hopes for the future. | Lincoln was assassinated in Ford's Theater in April 1865 | null | null | null | 11349 |
null | information_extraction | Extract the list of European Union member countries | The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are signatories to the founding treaties of the union and thereby share in the privileges and obligations of membership. They have agreed by the treaties to share their own sovereignty through the institutions of the European Union in some, but not all, aspects of government. State governments must agree unanimously in the Council for the union to adopt some policies; for others, collective decisions are made by qualified majority voting. These obligations and sharing of sovereignty within the EU (sometimes referred to as supranational) make it unique among international organisations, as it has established its own legal order which by the provisions of the founding treaties is both legally binding and supreme on all the member states (after a landmark ruling of the ECJ in 1964). A founding principle of the union is the principle of subsidiarity, meaning that decisions are taken collectively if and only if they cannot realistically be taken individually.
Another notable and unique feature of membership are the commissioners of the European Commission, who are appointed by each of the governments of the member states but do not represent their member state but instead work collectively in the interests of all the member states.
In the 1950s, six core states founded the EU's predecessor European Communities (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany). The remaining states have acceded in subsequent enlargements. To accede, a state must fulfil the economic and political requirements known as the Copenhagen criteria, which require a candidate to have a democratic government and free-market economy together with the corresponding freedoms and institutions, and respect for the rule of law. Enlargement of the Union is also contingent upon the consent of all existing members and the candidate's adoption of the existing body of EU law, known as the acquis communautaire.
The United Kingdom, which had acceded to the EU's predecessor in 1973, ceased to be an EU member state on 31 January 2020. No other member state has withdrawn from the EU and none has been suspended, although some dependent territories or semi-autonomous areas have left. | Formed in 1950s with six core states (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany) the European Union now has 27 members which are:
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden | null | null | null | 11350 |
null | open_qa | What kind of dog is a Bernedoodle? | A Bernedoodle is a dog that is a mix of two other types of dogs: a poodle and a bernese mountain dog. These two dogs are cross-bred to create the Bernedoodle, frequently to get the hair of the poodle rather than the coast of a Bernese. This means the dog does not shed and is hypoallergenic which makes for a much tidier house! | null | null | null | 11351 |
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null | open_qa | Which three players have the most Masters Victories? | Jack Nicklaus with 6 victories in 1963, 1965, 1966, 1972, 1975, 1986
Tiger Woods with 5 victories in 1997, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2019
Arnold Palmer with 4 victories in 1958, 1960, 1962, 1964 | null | null | null | 11352 |
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null | general_qa | Why do people like playing video games? | Video games offer full immersion into a complex world where decisions and actions affect the state of the world and outcomes. With video games, a player can be racing classic cars on the beaches of Europe and then immediately be playing a wizard during medieval times. Video games not only stimulate the mind improving decision making skills and cognitive reasoning, but also strengthens digit dexterity and coordination. Additionally, the activity of playing video games is fun! Especially when it comes to multiplayer games; it's always fun to play with your friends. Personally, I like the stories that video games tell in such meticulous detail. | null | null | null | 11353 |
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null | classification | Can you name a few Tom Cruise Movies? | A few tom Cruise movies include Eyes Wide Shut, Magnolia, Mission: Impossible 2,
Vanilla Sky, Jack Reacher, Oblivion, Mission: Impossible 3 | null | null | null | 11354 |
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null | closed_qa | Who developed the Black Swan theory? | The black swan theory or theory of black swan events is a metaphor that describes an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect, and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. The term is based on an ancient saying that presumed black swans did not exist – a saying that became reinterpreted to teach a different lesson after they were discovered in Australia.
The theory was developed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb, starting in 2001, to explain:
1. The disproportionate role of high-profile, hard-to-predict, and rare events that are beyond the realm of normal expectations in history, science, finance, and technology.
2. The non-computability of the probability of consequential rare events using scientific methods (owing to the very nature of small probabilities).
3. The psychological biases that blind people, both individually and collectively, to uncertainty and the substantial role of rare events in historical affairs.
Taleb's "black swan theory" refers only to unexpected events of large magnitude and consequence and their dominant role in history. Such events, considered extreme outliers, collectively play vastly larger roles than regular occurrences. More technically, in the scientific monograph "Silent Risk", Taleb mathematically defines the black swan problem as "stemming from the use of degenerate metaprobability". | The black Swan Theory was developed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in 2001. | null | null | null | 11355 |
null | information_extraction | What are the earliest records of dried fruits in history? | Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness.
The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples.
The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue.
Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form.
Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs.
From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency.
Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."
Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals.
Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices. | The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. | null | null | null | 11356 |
null | brainstorming | Give me some ideas for party games at a child's birthday. | Some classic children's party games are Pass the Parcel, Musical Chairs, Pin the Tail on the Donkey, Sack Race, Treasure Hunt. | null | null | null | 11357 |
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null | open_qa | Who was responsible for creating Skynet? | Skynet is a fictional automated defense network in the Terminator movies. It's main creator is James Cameron, as he wrote and directed the first Terminator movie where Skynet was introduced. | null | null | null | 11358 |
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null | brainstorming | how to be happy everyday? | There are four "happy hormones" that can help boost your mood: Serotonin, Dopamine, Endorphins and Oxytocin.Serotonin helps balance mood and promote feelings of well-being and reward, sunlight and low-intensity outdoor exercise produces Serotonin. Endorphins is natural pain killers and helps overcome stress or discomfort. Meditation and appreciation practice harvest Endorphins in your body. Dopamine, the "feel good" hormone, stimulates a feeling of happiness, pleasure and reward. The term "runner's high" refers to Dopamine. Higher intensity exercises with a rewards system boosts Dopamine level. Last but not least is Oxytocin, it promotes social interaction and positive emotion. The level of Oxytocin becomes high in your body when bonding with babies, kids, pets or loved ones. | null | null | null | 11359 |
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null | information_extraction | Name the four members of the Beatles. | The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock 'n' roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band also explored music styles ranging from folk and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements. | John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. | null | null | null | 11360 |
null | creative_writing | Write a self introduction for a person named Cassie when speaking to a recruiter. | Hi. It is great to meet you and thank you for giving me the opportunity to introduce myself. My name is Cassie and I am applying for a position at your company. I am very excited about this role and I believe I am a great fit. My previous job has given me a great deal of relevant experience in this field. I am also a big fan of your company and its mission. I would love to speak to the hiring manager about this role and go into more detail about why I am a good fit for this position. | null | null | null | 11361 |
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null | information_extraction | Extract a list of rivalries with the Detroit Lions in bulleted form, sorted alphabetically. | The Lions have had several division rivals in their existence. Their oldest rivals are the Chicago Bears and the Green Bay Packers, whom they have faced since 1930. The Minnesota Vikings have been in a division with Detroit ever since their inaugural season in 1961. Another notable longtime division opponent was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (25 seasons from 1977 to 2001).
The Lions also have a preseason rivalry with the Cleveland Browns, dubbed the Great Lakes Classic. The two teams have been playing for The Barge Trophy since 2002. The Lions and Browns had a solid rivalry in the 1950s, when they met four times for the NFL championship (Detroit won three of the matchups); they have met much less frequently during the regular season since the 1970 AFL–NFL merger due to the Browns' move to the AFC. | Here is a list of rivalries with the Detroit Lions, sorted alphabetically:
* Chicago Bears
* Cleveland Browns
* Green Bay Packers
* Minnesota Vikings
* Tampa Bay Buccaneers | null | null | null | 11362 |
null | information_extraction | What type of music do U2 make? | U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin, formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), the Edge (lead guitar, keyboards, and backing vocals), Adam Clayton (bass guitar), and Larry Mullen Jr. (drums and percussion). Initially rooted in post-punk, U2's musical style has evolved throughout their career, yet has maintained an anthemic quality built on Bono's expressive vocals and the Edge's chiming, effects-based guitar sounds. Bono's lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal and sociopolitical themes. Popular for their live performances, the group have staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career. | U2 are a rock band. They started out as a post punk band and although this has evolved they have kept their anthemic style. Their sound is built on Bono's vocals and Edge's guitar. Their lyrics include spiritual images, and themes of a personal and political nature. | null | null | null | 11363 |
null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Tenor violin, Bass flute | Bass flute is woodwind, Tenor violin is string. | null | null | null | 11364 |
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null | open_qa | Who first recorded the weather? | It is believed that people in China made notes about wind, rain and snow onto pieces of tortoiseshell. Some evidence dates back to 3000 years, making the Chinese the first to record the weather. | null | null | null | 11365 |
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null | open_qa | What has more caffeine between Coffee and Tea | While many teas do have caffeine like Green and Black, Coffee has about twice as much caffeine content. | null | null | null | 11366 |
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null | general_qa | What and how should you feed your baby? | What to feed your baby depends on a number of factors ranging from their age, their health and your preferences. Typically, until your baby is 6 months old, their diet consists exclusively of breast milk or formula. Around 6 months old your baby may be able to start solids. You should consult your physician before modifying the diet of your baby. Some people choose to introduce solids with soft, mushy and simple foods like mashed bananas, avocados or rice cereal. Others will introduce whatever food is being served to the adults — this could be complex foods with spices such as fajitas, curries and hamburgers. Although young babies will rarely have teeth, their gums are very hard and can mash food. For example, a common early food is mini cucumber, which also may alleviate pains with teething. For how to feed your baby, there are two main categories with many variations in between 1/ Baby-led weaning 2/ Spoon fed. Baby-led does what it sounds like — the baby leads their own feeding. This is often done by the caregiver laying out a few foods (Soft, Mashable, Age-appropriate and safe — void of choking hazards) and letting the baby choose which foods to pick up and eat and how much. Spoon-fed means the caregiver is selecting the foods and feeding the baby. There is no right or wrong way to feed your baby. Consult a physician for tips and safety recommendations. | null | null | null | 11367 |
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null | creative_writing | In golf, what is the proper technique when hitting a bunker shot? Assume the bunker is green adjacent. | If the bunker is near the pin, use your sand-wedge. Also, ensure you properly examined the green, to understand its shape and slope. Combine this with an understanding of your own skill levels to make a decision on where you wish the ball to land. For example, the more skilled you are at these shots, the more precise a location you can identify. Conversely, the less skilled you are, the less precise you can be in your chosen location, and consequently the more you need to consider a range of potential directions. In those latter cases, it is best to aim towards the middle of the green rather than the exact placement of the pin. Once you've made a decision on location, go up to your ball in the bunker. (Pro-tip: don't forget to bring the rake with you). Choose an open stance, where your legs are aiming roughly 45 degrees more to the left of the selected landing location. If you're left-handed, the reverse is true, and your legs are aiming to the right of the intended direction/location. Dig your shoes roughly an inch into the sand, to get a solid footing. Next, bring your club face down to the ball, without actually touching the sand (it is not legal to make contact with the sand prior to contact with the ball). Open the club face so that it aims towards the intended location. Look one more time at the intended direction, then look down at the ball, and commence your backswing. The plane of your backswing should be out, inline with the direction of your legs, and roughly three quarters the length of a full swing. Firmly and confidently accelerate in your downswing, and aim to make contact with the sand roughly half an inch behind the ball. The sand between the ball and the club head will blunt some of the force from the swing, thereby reducing ball travel distance, while still conveying spin. A well hit shot can cause the ball to land on the green and immediately stop, possibly even moving back in the direction of the player. The force in the downswing, combined with the amount of sand caught by the club head, are significant contributors to the amount of backspin on the ball. Once you're done. rake up your marks as you exit the bunker, leaving no trace that you were ever there. | null | null | null | 11368 |
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null | general_qa | Why is the primary form of travel in the United States personal vehicle rather than by mass transit? | One reason that mass transit isn't as popular in the United States is that many large cities were built with vehicles in mind thus leading to transportation optimized for vehicular transport. Another reason is that American citizens are much more tolerable or longer travel times, often traveling more than four hours just to visit friends and family in neighboring states. | null | null | null | 11369 |
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null | classification | If you have one of the following issues, should you consult a doctor, a lawyer, or a plumber: a leaky faucet, a persistent cough, a small claims court summons, a torn meniscus, a urinary tract infection, a broken toilet, a federal indictment, or a search warrant from the FBI. | If you have a leaky faucet or a broken toilet, you should call a plumber. If you have a persistent cough, a torn meniscus or a urinary tract infection, you should consult a physician. If you have received a small claims court summons or a federal indictment, or a search warrant from the FBI, you will probably want to lawyer up. | null | null | null | 11370 |
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null | brainstorming | Who are the best hitters in major league baseball I've never seen? | Understanding your birth date is in 1973, there are hundreds of great hitters that played before you were born. In the 1940's you had Joe Dimaggio and Ted Williams. The 1950's featured Mickey Mantle and Stan Musial. By the time the 1960's started Roger Maris and Willie Mays were leading their leagues in hitting. This is just a short list of great hitters that played before you were born. | null | null | null | 11371 |
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null | closed_qa | Given a reference text about the Battle of Thermopylae, tell me when the battle was fought, who the battle was between, how many Greek and Persian forces there were, how the Persian army was able to flank the Greek forces and who won the battle? | The Battle of Thermopylae (/θərˈmɒpɪliː/ thər-MOP-i-lee; Greek: Μάχη τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν, Máchē tōn Thermopylōn) was fought in 480 BC between the Achaemenid Persian Empire under Xerxes I and an alliance of Greek city-states led by Sparta under Leonidas I. Lasting over the course of three days, it was one of the most prominent battles of both the second Persian invasion of Greece and the wider Greco-Persian Wars.
The engagement at Thermopylae occurred simultaneously with the Battle of Artemisium: between July and September 480 BC. The second Persian invasion under Xerxes I was a delayed response to the failure of the first Persian invasion, which had been initiated by Darius I and ended in 490 BC by an Athenian-led Greek victory at the Battle of Marathon. By 480 BC, a decade after the Persian defeat at Marathon, Xerxes had amassed a massive land and naval force, and subsequently set out to conquer all of Greece. In response, the Athenian politician and general Themistocles proposed that the allied Greeks block the advance of the Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae while simultaneously blocking the Persian navy at the Straits of Artemisium.
Around the start of the invasion, a Greek force of approximately 7,000 men led by Leonidas marched north to block the pass of Thermopylae. Ancient authors vastly inflated the size of the Persian army, with estimates in the millions, but modern scholars estimate it at between 120,000 and 300,000 soldiers. They arrived at Thermopylae by late August or early September; the outnumbered Greeks held them off for seven days (including three of direct battle) before their rear-guard was annihilated in one of history's most famous last stands. During two full days of battle, the Greeks blocked the only road by which the massive Persian army could traverse the narrow pass. After the second day, a local resident named Ephialtes revealed to the Persians the existence of a path leading behind the Greek lines. Subsequently, Leonidas, aware that his force was being outflanked by the Persians, dismissed the bulk of the Greek army and remained to guard their retreat along with 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians. It has been reported that others also remained, including up to 900 helots and 400 Thebans. With the exception of the Thebans, most of whom reportedly surrendered, the Greeks fought the Persians to the death.
Themistocles was in command of the Greek naval force at Artemisium when he received news that the Persians had taken the pass at Thermopylae. Since the Greek defensive strategy had required both Thermopylae and Artemisium to be held, the decision was made to withdraw to the island of Salamis. The Persians overran Boeotia and then captured the evacuated city of Athens. The Greek fleet—seeking a decisive victory over the Persian armada—attacked and defeated the invading force at the Battle of Salamis in late 480 BC. Wary of being trapped in Europe, Xerxes withdrew with much of his army to Asia, reportedly losing many of his troops to starvation and disease while also leaving behind the Persian military commander Mardonius to continue the Achaemenid Empire's Greek campaign. However, the following year saw a Greek army decisively defeat Mardonius and his troops at the Battle of Plataea, ending the second Persian invasion.
Both ancient and modern writers have used the Battle of Thermopylae as a flagship example of the power of an army defending its native soil. The performance of the Greek defenders is also used as an example of the advantages of training, equipment, and use of terrain as force multipliers. | The Battle of Thermopylae was fought in 480 BC. The battle was fought between the Persian Empire, led by Xerxes I, and a combination of allied Greek city-states led by Leonidas I of Sparta. There were approximately 7,000 Greek men led by Leonidas I and an estimated 120,000 - 300,000 Persian soldiers led by Xerxes I. The Persian army was able to outflank the Greek army because a local person named Ephialtes informed the Persians that there was an unguarded path that lead behind the Greek lines. The Greek army made one final stand but ultimately were unsuccessful and were over taken by the Persian army. | null | null | null | 11372 |
null | open_qa | Name five teams in the German Bundesliga. | Five teams in the German Bundesliga are Bayern Munich, Union Berlin, RB Leipzig, Dortmund, and Leverkusen. | null | null | null | 11373 |
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null | classification | I want to watch a movie that won the Oscar for best picture. Here are my choices: Moonlight, Wizard of Oz, Arrival, Elvis, Everything Everywhere All at Once, Chicago, Gone with the Wind, Top Gun. What should I choose? | These movies are Oscar winners for Best Picture: Moonlight, Everything Everywhere All at Once, Gone with the Wind and Chicago. | null | null | null | 11374 |
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null | general_qa | How much sleep should I get per night? | Adults 18+ should get at least 7 hours of sleep per night. This level of rest is proven to have a positive effect on productivity at work, happiness, and health. It also leads to better recovery for active individuals. Some tips to improve sleep quality include limiting screen time in bed, drinking water and not eating prior to bed, and aiming for 65 degrees Fahrenheit | null | null | null | 11375 |
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null | open_qa | Should you buy a new or a used car? | You would firstly need to consider your budget and your appetite to borrow money, before you make a decision to buy a new or a used car. | null | null | null | 11376 |
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null | summarization | What is the Pandemis corylana | Pandemis corylana, the chequered fruit-tree tortrix, hazel tortrix moth, filbert tortricid or barred fruit tree moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from northern and central Europe to Siberia, Korea and Japan. | The Pandemis corylana is a moth of the family Tortricidae. | null | null | null | 11377 |
null | brainstorming | will AI replace my jobs | AI is growing rapidly nowadays. It reduces repetitive work and improves productivity in a lot of industries. For sure, some labor-intensive work will be eliminated by AI. Some trends we can see for example are: AI-assisted surveillance monitoring can reduce the working hours for security guards; AI-generated images and renderings can be used for commercials or portraits; etc. But it will generate new job families too like prompt engineers who tests and tunes AI systems by sending prompts. AI application developers would be another example. | null | null | null | 11378 |
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null | open_qa | What are the four main types of debt securities? | Common types of debt securities include commercial paper, corporate bonds, government bonds, municipal bonds, and treasury bills/bonds. | null | null | null | 11379 |
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null | open_qa | Why do you want to keep customers happy? | You can keep customers happy by putting an extreme focus on them. Your business should exist to serve the needs of your customer. You could also call this customer obsession. By focussing on them and keeping them happy you will reduce customer attrition and churn, and you will have a continuous source of revenue for years to come because these happy customers turn into repeat customers over and over. | null | null | null | 11380 |
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null | open_qa | Give me a list of 5 neglected tropical diseases | Ascariasis,
Lymphatic filariasis,
Trypanosomiasis,
Leishmaniasis,
Onchocerciasis | null | null | null | 11381 |
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null | open_qa | What is wheat? | Wheat starts off as a grass, and it is grown to collect its seeds. The grain seeds from wheat are often used in cereal, biscuits, crackers, bread, chips, pizza, pasta and pastries. Wheat is also given in its raw form to farm animals to help them grow and stay nourished. | null | null | null | 11382 |
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null | open_qa | What is the fastest time control chess? | Bullet chess | null | null | null | 11383 |
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null | general_qa | Why do the San Francisco 49ers play in Santa Clara, California? | The San Francisco 49ers originally played at Kezar Stadium in San Francisco before moving to Candlestick Park in 1971. When negotiations to build a new stadium fell apart they worked with the city of Santa Clara to build a new stadium which was located next to their training facilities. Because of brand recognition and close proximity, the decision was made to keep the name, San Francisco 49ers. | null | null | null | 11384 |
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null | creative_writing | List the ingredients and step by step instructions to make a glass of AMF. | Ingredients:
3/4 oz vodka
3/4 oz rum
3/4 oz tequila
3/4 oz gin
3/4 oz blue curaçao
3/4 oz simple syrup
3/4 oz lemon juice
Sprite or 7up
Preserved cherry
Steps:
1. Mix the vodka, rum, tequila, gin, blue curaçao, simple syrup, and lemon juice in a glass filled with ice.
2. Top the glass off with the Sprite or 7up and stir.
3. Garnish with the preserved cherry. | null | null | null | 11385 |
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null | general_qa | Why did the chicken cross the road? | Chickens are complex beings, they are emotive and often let their emotions drive their actions. When a chicken crosses the road it’s likely because they're running away from something, or they’re just looking to get to the other side. | null | null | null | 11386 |
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null | closed_qa | How many species of Stingrays are there? | Stingrays are a group of sea rays, which are cartilaginous fish related to sharks. They are classified in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes and consist of eight families: Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray), Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingray), Urolophidae (stingarees), Urotrygonidae (round rays), Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays), Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays), Gymnuridae (butterfly rays) and Myliobatidae (eagle rays). There are about 220 known stingray species organized into 29 genera. | There are about 220 known stingray species organized into 29 genera. | null | null | null | 11387 |
null | open_qa | whats the total number of US senator? | 100 | null | null | null | 11388 |
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null | open_qa | Why was Michael Jackson the "King of Pop"? | Michael Jackson dominated the pop music genre for decades. His music traveled worldwide and was a music sensation across the globe. He was famous since he was a young boy. He stunned the music world with trademark moves like the "moonwalk" and "robot" dance moves. | null | null | null | 11389 |
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null | brainstorming | What are the top nominated films to the Academy Awards in 2023? | The top nominated films for the 2023 Academy Awards are as follows:
Everything Everywhere All at Once - 11 nominations
All Quiet on the Western Front - 9 nominations
The Banshees of Inisherin - 9 nominations
Elvis - 8 nominations
The Fabelmans - 7 nominations
Tár - 6 nominations
Top Gun: Maverick - 6 nominations
Black Panther: Wakanda Forever - 5 nominations
Avatar: The Way of Water - 4 nominations
Babylon - 3 nominations
The Batman - 3 nominations
Triangle of Sadness - 3 nominations
The Whale - 3 nominations | null | null | null | 11390 |
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null | brainstorming | What is better a mac or a PC? | It depends on user preferences. Generally, a Mac is considered easier than a PC, but a Mac is typically more expensive. | null | null | null | 11391 |
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null | open_qa | which are the must-visit places in India? | Every state in India is famous for its heritage and diverse culture and tradition and thus has many things which make it a must-visit place. Very popular is the Taj Mahal in Agra. | null | null | null | 11392 |
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null | open_qa | I am an odd number and if you take away a letter, I become even. What number am I? | I am the number seven. | null | null | null | 11393 |
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null | general_qa | What is the potential hydrogen of water? | Alkaline is a water which has a potential hydrogen (ph) higher than 8.0. Water with a PH of 7.0 is distilled water, and water with a ph less than 7.0 is considered to be acidic. Alkaline water is supposed to be better for the body but you can argue that the acid in the stomach neutralizes the alkalinity so it doesn't have any health effect on the body. More research is needed to say whether or not alkaline water with a high PH is actually good for you. | null | null | null | 11394 |
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null | summarization | What is the Nehemiah Hubbard House | The Nehemiah Hubbard House is a historic house at the corner of Laurel Grove and Wadsworth Street, Middletown, Connecticut. Built in 1745, it is a center-chimney colonial style house built of clapboard siding and brownstone foundation with wood shingle roof; using a structural system of wood frame, post and beam with gable roof. It was built as a residence which is its current use. | The Nehemiah Hubbard House is a historic house at the corner of Laurel Grove and Wadsworth Street, Middletown, Connecticut; built in 1745, it remains inhabited to this day. | null | null | null | 11395 |
null | general_qa | What is cross-country skiing? | Cross-country (or "nordic") skiing, as opposed to downhill skiing, refer to the winter snow sport where the participant travels across relatively flat ground without the assistance of a chairlift or other machine aid in getting uphill. There are three main categories of cross-country ski available: classic, skate and touring, all of which come with specialized types of skies. Classic cross-country skiing involves a striding technique in which the skier keeps their skis parallel to each other and is best done in a narrow, groomed track. Skate skiing is considered more challenging to learn and involves a skiing technique that resembles the motion of ice skating and roller blading. Skate skiers also typically use a groomed trail but it is wider and smoother than the narrow grooves for classic skiing. Touring skis allows skiers to most easily ski off the trails on top of snow that has not been groomed. | null | null | null | 11396 |
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null | brainstorming | How you can loose fat | 1. Take a warm lemon water
2. Better take good breakfast and lunch
3. Do not take proper Dinner .
4. Finish all eating before 5 PM
5. No Suger | null | null | null | 11397 |
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null | open_qa | What are common titles for the executives of large companies? | Common titles for executives of large companies include:
- Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
- Chief Technology Officer (CTO)
- Chief Financial Officer (CFO)
- Chief Legal Officer (CLO)
- Chief Product Officer (CPO) | null | null | null | 11398 |
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null | open_qa | What is longer, 5 pounds or 10 kilograms? | Unfortunately, I can't answer that question. Pounds and kilograms are both units of weight, not of length. | null | null | null | 11399 |
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