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null | creative_writing | Write a short story about a revolution for decentralisation against an evil government set in a dystopian future where cryptocurrencies prevail. | ‘Viva la revolución’ Lia thought as she completed the last transaction. The artifice hack had gone down flawlessly with stacks of cryptocurrencies airdropped to all Skvllpvnkz in the Hideout. The Skvllpvnkz were coalition of survivors bound to overthrow the evil corporation.
Lia knew she’d been connected to the Corp’s servers far too long now and her location would be exposed. There was little time. She began the live stream:
‘Skvllpvnkz! We endured and raged with fury, but now we rise from the ashes! Delirious from abstract memories of a world the elders spoke of and only dream of! By the will of Gods we will prevail! Our ancestors fought for freedom. We fight for decentralisation!’
The aircast is interrupted and Lia is cut off.
At the Hideout, time stood still as Lia’s voice echoed in the vast underground maze. The silence that followed was brief. As the cryptocurrency airdrop materialised, a victorious uproar spread like a wave. The Skvllpvnkz would finally be free. | null | null | null | 8000 |
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null | classification | Classify each as being used on water or land: jet ski, boat, car, bike, kayak, skateboard | Jet Ski: Water
Boat: Water
Car: Land
Bike: Land
Kayak: Water
Skateboard: Land | null | null | null | 8001 |
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null | classification | What are some movies about Artificial Intelligence and Machine Consciousness? | Here are some Hollywood movies that explore the concept of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Consciousness -
* Ex Machina
* The Matrix
* Blade Runner
* The Terminator
* Wall-E
* Her
* I, Robot
* 2001: A Space Odyssey | null | null | null | 8002 |
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null | classification | Classify the following instruments as either brass or woodwind: Alto Saxophone, Trumpet, Clarinet, Oboe, Trombone, Horn, Drums. | Of the given list, the Alto Saxophone, Clarinet, and Oboe are woodwind instruments because they all generate sound with a reed. Contrarily, the Trumpet, Trombone, and Horn are brass instruments. This family's instruments are made of brass, and the players vibrate their lips to produce a sound. The drum is neither a woodwind nor a brass instrument but part of the percussion instrument family. | null | null | null | 8003 |
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null | brainstorming | Think up a bunch of different ways to spend time outdoors | Hiking, camping, fishing, kayaking, walking, biking, jogging | null | null | null | 8004 |
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null | open_qa | What is the JRE in Java? | The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is software that Java programs require to run correctly. Java is a computer language that powers many current web and mobile applications. The JRE is the underlying technology that communicates between the Java program and the operating system. | null | null | null | 8005 |
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null | general_qa | How do I cook an egg over easy? | To cook an egg over easy you will need a pan, stove, oil (or butter), an egg, and a spatula. Begin by placing the pan on the stove with a minimal amount of oil or butter. Heat the pan on the stove until it is hot. What’s the pan is hot crack the egg in the middle of the pan and let it cook until the egg white becomes solid. At which point flip the egg and let it cook until the desired consistency of the yoke. Finally remove from the pan and enjoy! | null | null | null | 8006 |
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null | brainstorming | What are some ways I could cheer up my friend that just got dumped? | Im sorry your friend recently got dumped. I would ask them if they want to talk about it, or be distracted from it. If they want to talk about it, I would find a quiet place and a warm beverage and listen. If they want to be distracted from it, I would find a local favorite bar or activity that your friend enjoys, and take them there. Call as many of your joint friends as possible, and provide ample supply of distractions for your friend. | null | null | null | 8007 |
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null | closed_qa | From the text, what is the Maurice Richard Trophy | The Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy, also known as the Rocket Richard Trophy, is awarded annually to the leading goal scorer in the National Hockey League (NHL). It was donated to the NHL by the Montreal Canadiens in 1998–99 and is named in honour of legendary Montreal Canadiens right winger Maurice "Rocket" Richard. First won by Teemu Selanne, it is currently held by Auston Matthews, who scored 60 goals during the 2021–22 NHL season. | The Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy is an award given to the leading goal scorer in the National Hockey League | null | null | null | 8008 |
null | brainstorming | What are interesting plot twists for a novel? | Twists could include showing that a character who was thought dead is actually alive, or maybe revealing that a trusted character is actually a villain. Thrillers can use natural disasters or freak accidents to put characters in peril. Mystery novels can introduce new evidence that redirects suspicion or dramatically increases the scope of an investigation. New romantic relationships between characters can also add interesting twists. Novels can also use unreliable narrators to show that information has been withheld from the reader. | null | null | null | 8009 |
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null | classification | When being in cold weather, categorize each of the following as "Useful" or "Not Useful": Coat, Air Condition, Ice, Beanie, Pants, Bikini | Coat: Useful
Air Condition: Not Useful
Ice: Not Useful
Beanie: Useful
Pants: Useful
Bikini: Not Useful | null | null | null | 8010 |
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null | brainstorming | What are some good body weight exercises for shoulders? | Good body weight exercises for shoulders include plank front arm reaches, pike pushups, plank shoulder taps, arm circles, and dolphin presses. | null | null | null | 8011 |
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null | general_qa | What is it like living in the Pacific Northwest? | The Pacific Northwest is comprised of U.S. states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and the Canadian province of British Columbia - and sometimes Alaska is included. The Pacific Northwest, also referred to as PNW, it a diverse area with mountains, the pacific ocean, lakes, islands, volcanoes, deserts and rainforests. It is one of the most diverse climates in the United States. People who live here love the outdoors and the beauty. | null | null | null | 8012 |
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null | open_qa | What is Apu's wife's name on the Simpsons? | Manjula | null | null | null | 8013 |
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null | open_qa | How can I be healthy ? | Being healthy is not a difficult task. In fact, by supporting your body and mind, making some simple tweaks to your routine, and setting small goals for yourself, you can be on the path toward living a healthier, happier life.
In order to be healthy, focus on the following things:
- Having a healthy diet: you should drink more water, eat your breakfast and respect your meals time.
- Having a healthy exercice plan.
- Being emotionally healthy.
- Building a healthy routine. | null | null | null | 8014 |
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null | closed_qa | Is he still an active football player? | Mariano Sánchez Martínez (born 28 January 1978) is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.
He appeared in 108 Segunda División games over three seasons, scoring two goals for Cartagena.
Club career
Born in San Pedro del Pinatar, Region of Murcia, Sánchez did not reach the Segunda División B until he was 26, in 2004, arriving at CD Alcoyano from amateurs AD Mar Menor-San Javier. In the following year he moved to another club at that level, FC Cartagena, helping it promote to Segunda División in his fourth season.
Sánchez made his debut in the competition on 29 August 2009 at the age of 31 years and seven months, playing the full 90 minutes in a 1–0 away win against Girona FC. He scored his first league goal on 22 May 2010 in the 3–5 home loss to Levante UD, and never appeared in less than 34 league matches during his three seasons in that tier, suffering relegation in his last and renewing his contract for a further two years in June 2012.
On 14 May 2014, the 36-year-old Sánchez announced he would retire at the end of the campaign while hoping to help his team promote, which eventually did not befell.
Personal life
Sánchez rejected an offer to play youth football for Real Murcia when he was 18, after deciding to move to Madrid to study architecture. Not being able to enter Real Madrid's youth system, he chose to retire from football.
After his playing days, Sánchez continued to work as an architect. Still as an active player, he was the figurehead behind the creation of the sports complex Pinatar Arena, in his hometown. | No, he retired at the age of 36 on May 14, 2014. However he is still working as an architect which he studied during his graduation. | null | null | null | 8015 |
null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Txalaparta, Clavinet | Clavinet is string, Txalaparta is percussion. | null | null | null | 8016 |
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null | general_qa | What are the benefits of the 2-3 zone defense in basketball? | The 2-3 zone defense is the most commonly used zone defense. It has the advantage of protecting the inside, lane area, and keeps your "bigs" inside. Its weakness is it is vulnerable to good outside shooting, with open areas on the wings, point and high post. | null | null | null | 8017 |
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null | classification | Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Maserati, RAM | RAM is American, Maserati is Italian | null | null | null | 8018 |
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null | creative_writing | Write a few paragraphs on the Smoky Mountains in the United States, and why it is a nice vacation spot. | The Smoky Mountains are located in Tennessee and North Carolina, and constitute a portion of the Appalachian Mountains along the mid-east of the United States. The Smoky Mountains boasts a wide variety of rich and diverse plant and animal life, which draws tourists from around the world. Outdoor activities in the Smoky Mountains include hiking, zip-lining, biking, boating, kayaking, fly-fishing, skiing, canyoning, to name a few.
The Smoky Mountains area also have popular destinations like Asheville, NC - a center of music, art, food, and culture. Asheville is home to the Biltmore Estate, America's largest privately-owned home, constructed by the Vanderbilt family in 1889.
Overall, the Smoky Mountain area offers a wide range of fun activities that make for a great vacation for all ages. | null | null | null | 8019 |
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null | closed_qa | What is the stone age? | The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC, with the advent of metalworking. Though some simple metalworking of malleable metals, particularly the use of gold and copper for purposes of ornamentation, was known in the Stone Age, it is the melting and smelting of copper that marks the end of the Stone Age. In Western Asia, this occurred by about 3,000 BC, when bronze became widespread. The term Bronze Age is used to describe the period that followed the Stone Age, as well as to describe cultures that had developed techniques and technologies for working copper alloys (bronze: originally copper and arsenic, later copper and tin) into tools, supplanting stone in many uses.
Stone Age artifacts that have been discovered include tools used by modern humans, by their predecessor species in the genus Homo, and possibly by the earlier partly contemporaneous genera Australopithecus and Paranthropus. Bone tools have been discovered that were used during this period as well but these are rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The Stone Age is further subdivided by the types of stone tools in use. | The Stone age was a prehistoric period that lasted for millions of years and ended in and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC , with the advent of metalworking. In this period, stone was widely used to make stone tools and weapons with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.
The Stone Age is the first period in the three-age system frequently used in archaeology to divide the timeline of human technological prehistory into functional periods, with the next two being the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, respectively.
Though some simple metalworking of malleable metals, particularly the use of gold and copper for purposes of ornamentation, was known in the Stone Age, it is the melting and smelting of copper that marks the end of the Stone Age.
The Stone Age is also commonly divided into three distinct periods: Paleolithic era which is the earliest and most primitive; a transitional period with finer tools known as the Mesolithic era; and the final stage known as the Neolithic era. Neolithic peoples were the first to transition away from hunter-gatherer societies into the settled lifestyle of inhabiting towns and villages as agriculture became widespread. | null | null | null | 8020 |
null | general_qa | What is splitboarding? | First of all, a splitboard is a snowboard that splits in half length-wise to allow for enhanced mobility while climbing up a slope. When the splitboard is split in half, you adjust the bindings so the setup looks just like a ski setup. After you split the board, you put climbing skins on the bottom of the splitboard to give you traction on the snow. After reaching the top of your destination, you remove your feet from the bindings, remove the skins and then put the splitboard back together. Once the splitboard and bindings are reassembled, you snowboard down the mountain. | null | null | null | 8021 |
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null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Nagara, Sape | Sape is string, Nagara is percussion | null | null | null | 8022 |
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null | summarization | Please explain about formula1 qualifying. | Qualifying
For much of the sport's history, qualifying sessions differed little from practice sessions; drivers would have one or more sessions in which to set their fastest time, with the grid order determined by each driver's best single lap, with the fastest getting first place on the grid, referred to as pole position. From 1996 to 2002, the format was a one-hour shootout. This approach lasted until the end of 2002 before the rules were changed again because the teams were not running in the early part of the session to take advantage of better track conditions later on.
Grids were generally limited to 26 cars – if the race had more entries, qualification would also decide which drivers would start the race. During the early 1990s, the number of entries was so high that the worst-performing teams had to enter a pre-qualifying session, with the fastest cars allowed through to the main qualifying session. The qualifying format began to change in the early 2000s, with the FIA experimenting with limiting the number of laps, determining the aggregate time over two sessions, and allowing each driver only one qualifying lap.
The current qualifying system was adopted in the 2006 season. Known as "knock-out" qualifying, it is split into three periods, known as Q1, Q2, and Q3. In each period, drivers run qualifying laps to attempt to advance to the next period, with the slowest drivers being "knocked out" of qualification (but not necessarily the race) at the end of the period and their grid positions set within the rearmost five based on their best lap times. Drivers are allowed as many laps as they wish within each period. After each period, all times are reset, and only a driver's fastest lap in that period (barring infractions) counts. Any timed lap started before the end of that period may be completed, and will count toward that driver's placement. The number of cars eliminated in each period is dependent on the total number of cars entered into the championship.
Currently, with 20 cars, Q1 runs for 18 minutes, and eliminates the slowest five drivers. During this period, any driver whose best lap takes longer than 107% of the fastest time in Q1 will not be allowed to start the race without permission from the stewards. Otherwise, all drivers proceed to the race albeit in the worst starting positions. This rule does not affect drivers in Q2 or Q3. In Q2, the 15 remaining drivers have 15 minutes to set one of the ten fastest times and proceed to the next period. Finally, Q3 lasts 12 minutes and sees the remaining ten drivers decide the first ten grid positions. At the beginning of the 2016 Formula 1 season, the FIA introduced a new qualifying format, whereby drivers were knocked out every 90 seconds after a certain amount of time had passed in each session. The aim was to mix up grid positions for the race, but due to unpopularity, the FIA reverted to the above qualifying format for the Chinese GP, after running the format for only two races.
Each car is allocated one set of the softest tyres for use in Q3. The cars that qualify for Q3 must return them after Q3; the cars that do not qualify for Q3 can use them during the race. As of 2022, all drivers are given a free choice of tyre to use at the start of the Grand Prix, whereas in previous years only the drivers that did not participate in Q3 had free tyre choice for the start of the race. Any penalties that affect grid position are applied at the end of qualifying. Grid penalties can be applied for driving infractions in the previous or current Grand Prix, or for changing a gearbox or engine component. If a car fails scrutineering, the driver will be excluded from qualifying but will be allowed to start the race from the back of the grid at the race steward's discretion.
2021 has seen the trialling of a 'sprint qualifying' race on the Saturday of three race weekends, with the intention of testing the new approach to qualifying. | Qualifying split into three period, known as Q1, Q2, and Q3.
Q1 - runs 20 cars for 18min. slowest five drivers are eliminated
Q2- the remaining 15 drivers have 15 minutes. another five slowest drivers are eliminated
Q3 - remaining 10 drivers decide the first 10 grid positions for the race | null | null | null | 8023 |
null | open_qa | What are the words of House Arryn? | "As High as Honor" | null | null | null | 8024 |
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null | open_qa | How many years did Jesus live on earth? | Jesus lived 33 years and a half before he was crucified. | null | null | null | 8025 |
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null | open_qa | List some of the greatest leadership and business books ever written. | 1. Why Should Anyone Be Led by You? by Rob Goffee
2. Competing Against Luck: The Story of Innovation and Customer Choice. by Clayton M Christensen, David S. Duncan, Karen Dillon and Taddy Hall
3. Switch: How to Change Things When Change is Hard. by Dan Heath and Chip Heath
4. GOOD STRATEGY/BAD STRATEGY by Richard Rumelt
5. How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie
6. The Advantage: Why Organizational Health Trumps Everything Else in Business by Patrick M. Lencioni
7. Crucial Conversation by Joseph Grenny, Kerry Patterson, Ron McMillan, Al Switzler and Emily Gregory
8. Dare to Lead by Brené Brown (Author)
9. Finish What You Start by Peter Hollins (Author)
10. Radical Candor by Kim Scott (Author)
11. Turn The Ship Around! by L. David Marquet (Author), Stephen R Covey (Foreword)
12. Leaders Eat Last by Simon Sinek (Author)
13. Good To Great by Jim Collins (Author)
14. Decisive by Chip Heath (Author), Dan Heath (Author)
15. Atomic Habits by James Clear
16. Thinking, Fast and Slow by Daniel Kahneman (Author)
17. Our Iceberg is Melting by John Kotter (Author), Holger Rathgeber (Author)
18. Multipliers by Liz Wiseman (Author)
19. Extreme Ownership by Jocko Willink (Author)
20. Trillion Dollar Coach by Eric Schmidt (Author), Jonathan Rosenberg (Author), Alan Eagle (Author) | null | null | null | 8026 |
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null | general_qa | What extra ingredients can you use when baking a bread? | Raisin is the most popular ingredient you can add to a bread. Some bread maker has predefined program to let you drop in raisin after the dough is knead. Some other popular options include chopped walnut, and cinnamon. In general, you can't go wrong with nuts because they give a nice twist to the flavor.
If you want to be creative or exotic, you can also try cheese or beer, but not everyone likes the strong flavor. | null | null | null | 8027 |
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null | open_qa | How should I select a tennis racket if I'm completely new to the sport? | If you're a beginner tennis player, you should pick a racket that will help you learn the game quickly. There are a few key factors to consider. The first factor is grip size. There are several ways to measure grip size, but the simplest is to hold the grip and ensure there is about a finger's width remaining between your ring finger and base of your thumb when you hold the racket. Too small a grip may lead to squeezing the racket too hard, and too large a grip will make the racket unwieldy. The second factor is the weight of the racket. A racket in the range of 250 to 310 grams (unstrung) will be suitable for most players. A beginner male player might shoot for something in the 280-305 gram range, and a beginner female might use a racket in the 275-300 gram range. Junior players (age 10+), depending on age and size, should consider rackets in the 250 to 300 gram range. The third factor is the racket head size. You should look for a 100-105 square inch head size. These days even professionals use 100 sq inch commonly, and 95 is considered small (for advanced players). The racket composition is not a key differentiator, as most rackets are made of some sort of graphite composite material. Price is also not an indication of quality. Pricier rackets might be less suited to beginners, in fact. As to brand, it's a very personal choice. I would say choose a brand that you associate with wanting to play (perhaps you're a fan of a player who is sponsored by that brand). You can certainly find rackets at many big box retailers that would check all these boxes. And if you're not sure -- many online as well as local racket retailers run "demo" programs allowing you to try different rackets. Choose one that helps you consistently make contact with the ball and get it over the net. The most important thing is to get out on the court and play! | null | null | null | 8028 |
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null | brainstorming | Tell me what to put in a smoothie. | A smoothie is primarily made up of fruit or vegetables, liquid, and toppings. The fruit can be frozen or fresh, and good options are bananas, strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries. To add some health benefits, you can also add vegetables like spinach. Adding liquid gives the smoothie a more drinkable consistency, and you can use either water, milk, or milk alternatives. Greek yogurt also adds protein. Finally, for toppings, you can add chia seeds or flaxseeds to give your smoothie some crunch. | null | null | null | 8029 |
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null | classification | Classify the movies based on whether they belong to Fantasy or Mystery genre.
AVATAR, SHAZAM, MISSING, FREDDY | Mystery - MISSING, FREDDY
Fantasy - AVATAR, SHAZAM | null | null | null | 8030 |
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null | open_qa | Is Amazon EKS serverless? | Amazon EKS with AWS Fargate allows for Serverless Containers to be run. | null | null | null | 8031 |
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null | general_qa | What is the circumference of the earth? | 40,075km or 24,855 miles depending on which metric system you use. | null | null | null | 8032 |
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null | general_qa | Is a Handball a 'Direct' or 'Indirect' Kick? | As a rule, a direct kick occurs following a contact foul or hand ball. Most other football infringements are indirect.
If a defending team commits a contact foul or hand ball within their own penalty area (a marked out box at each end of the field) - the result is a penalty kick. | null | null | null | 8033 |
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null | classification | Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Tigra, Cheetah | Tigra is Marvel, Cheetah is DC | null | null | null | 8034 |
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null | brainstorming | What do you think to keep you alive | Travel and Food | null | null | null | 8035 |
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null | open_qa | What are the primary causes of inflation? | Primary causes of inflation are:
-Increase in money supply
-Increase in production cost of goods due to high raw material cost
-Increased demand for goods and services
-Scarcity of specific goods due to supply chain issues, lockdown etc. | null | null | null | 8036 |
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null | information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the year when iPhones first came with satellite communications. | Apple directly sub-contracts hardware production to external OEM companies, maintaining a high degree of control over the end product. The iPhone contains most of the hardware parts of a typical modern smartphone. Some hardware elements, such as 3D Touch and the Taptic Engine, are unique to the iPhone. The main hardware of the iPhone is the touchscreen, with current models offering screens of 4.7 inches and larger. All iPhones include a rear-facing camera; the front-facing camera dates back to the iPhone 4. The iPhone 7 Plus introduced multiple lenses to the rear-facing camera. A range of sensors are also included on the device, such as a proximity sensor, ambient light sensor, accelerometer, gyroscopic sensor, magnetometer, facial recognition sensor or fingerprint sensor (depending on the model) and barometer. In 2022, Apple added satellite communications to the iPhone, with the release of the iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Pro. | iPhones first came with satellite communications in 2022 with the release of the iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Pro. | null | null | null | 8037 |
null | summarization | Give me a concise summary of the history of baseball | The evolution of baseball from older bat-and-ball games is difficult to trace with precision. Consensus once held that today's baseball is a North American development from the older game rounders, popular among children in Great Britain and Ireland. American baseball historian David Block suggests that the game originated in England; recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position. Block argues that rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of each other, and that the game's most direct antecedents are the English games of stoolball and "tut-ball". The earliest known reference to baseball is in a 1744 British publication, A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, by John Newbery. Block discovered that the first recorded game of "Bass-Ball" took place in 1749 in Surrey, and featured the Prince of Wales as a player. This early form of the game was apparently brought to Canada by English immigrants.
By the early 1830s, there were reports of a variety of uncodified bat-and-ball games recognizable as early forms of baseball being played around North America. The first officially recorded baseball game in North America was played in Beachville, Ontario, Canada, on June 4, 1838. In 1845, Alexander Cartwright, a member of New York City's Knickerbocker Club, led the codification of the so-called Knickerbocker Rules, which in turn were based on rules developed in 1837 by William R. Wheaton of the Gotham Club. While there are reports that the New York Knickerbockers played games in 1845, the contest long recognized as the first officially recorded baseball game in U.S. history took place on June 19, 1846, in Hoboken, New Jersey: the "New York Nine" defeated the Knickerbockers, 23–1, in four innings. With the Knickerbocker code as the basis, the rules of modern baseball continued to evolve over the next half-century. By the time of the Civil War, baseball had begun to overtake its fellow bat-and-ball sport cricket in popularity within the United States, due in part to baseball being of a much shorter duration than the form of cricket played at the time, as well as the fact that troops during the Civil War did not need a specialized playing surface to play baseball, as they would have required for cricket. | Although the history of baseball cannot be determined with great precision, it is said that the game originated in England during the 1700s. The first official game to be played in North America took place in 1838 in Beachville, Ontario, Canada and in 1846 the first official game took place in the United States. The original rules of baseball, called the Knickerbocker Rules" were established in 1845 and formed the basis of the rules of modern baseball that evolved over the following century. | null | null | null | 8038 |
null | brainstorming | Brainstorm a list of things you do in the morning before leaving for work | Check the weather, eat breakfast, make coffee, brush your teeth, put on clothes, put together your briefcase | null | null | null | 8039 |
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null | classification | Which among the following names belong to League of Legends characters/champions?
Rengar, Akhil, Talon, Emily, Lux, Kaisa | The following names are related to League of Legends champions as of the current date:
- Rengar: Belongs to the "Assassin" and the "Diver" classes and can be purchased for 4800 BE
- Talon: Belongs to the "Assassin" class and can be purchased for 3150 BE.
- Lux: Belongs to the "Burst" and "Artillery" classes and can be purchased for 450 BE.
- Kai'Sa: Belongs to the "Marksman" class and can be purchased for 1350 BE.
The remaining names ("Akhil" and "Emily") are not related to League of Legends champions but they may be coincidentally added in the future. | null | null | null | 8040 |
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null | brainstorming | Give me a short list with five ideas for hobbies I can do at home. | Hobbies you can do at home include:
- painting
- cooking
- reading
- working out
- board games | null | null | null | 8041 |
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null | closed_qa | Who produced the song Polly? | The song was written by Sumney with American singer-songwriter Tom Gallo. Sumney also solely produced the track. | The song was written and produced by American singer-songwriter Moses Sumney. | null | null | null | 8042 |
null | information_extraction | Based on the following passage list when schools close and resume from summer holidays in Russia, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. | Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays.
In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.
In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August.
In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October. | 1. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August.
2. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. | null | null | null | 8043 |
null | general_qa | What is a Security Information Event Management platform (SIEM)? | Security Information Event Management (pronounced SIM) is a combination of security information management (SIM) and security event management (SEM) technologies. It allows security operations teams to collect, parse, alert, and investigate security events. Modern SIEMs can leverage machine learning and SOAR capabilities to offer more significant detection and response capabilities. | null | null | null | 8044 |
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null | open_qa | Why is the green card process so long and complex for people from India and China? | The US Immigration system issues Permanent Residence cards, also known as green cards, which lets people reside and work on a permanent basis in the United States. The number of green cards issued each year is fixed at 140000 and each country is capped with a 7% quota i.e. no more than 9800 green cards can be issued to residents of a single country. Since there are hundreds of thousands of people who come to work in the US from India and China every year, they have to wait several years before they become eligible for a green card. This long delay can disrupt the lives of these people since the work visa they have does not grant them permission to reside and work in the US on a permanent basis, and they may have to leave the US, along with their families, if their work visa expires. | null | null | null | 8045 |
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null | classification | Categorize the following animals into sea or land animals: shark, dolphin, bear, rat, salmon, moose, cockroach, manatee | Shark: Sea Animal
Dolphin: Sea Animal
Bear: Land Animal
Rat: Land Animal
Salmon: Sea Animal
Moose: Land Animal
Cockroach: Land Animal
Manatee: Sea Animal | null | null | null | 8046 |
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null | classification | Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Apex Motors, Chevrolet | Apex Motors is Chinese, Chevrolet is American | null | null | null | 8047 |
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null | classification | Tell me whether these are a breed of dog or cat: Australian Shepherd, Calico, Maine Coon, Golden Retriever, Corgi | dog, cat, cat, dog, dog | null | null | null | 8048 |
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null | closed_qa | Is Maison Ikkoku a manga series | Maison Ikkoku is a manga series written and illustrated by Rumiko Takahashi. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Big Comic Spirits from November 15, 1980 to April 20, 1987. It has been adapted into an anime series and a live action film and two episode TV drama. The plot follows Yusaku Godai, a rōnin who resides in an old apartment complex named Maison Ikkoku as he studies for the university entrance exam. Yusaku's life progression and interactions progress episodically and focuses on his growing relationship with the apartment manager, Kyoko Otonashi. | Maison Ikkoku is a manga series written and illustrated by Rumiko Takahashi. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Big Comic Spirits from November 15, 1980 to April 20, 1987. It has been adapted into an anime series and a live action film and two episode TV drama. | null | null | null | 8049 |
null | general_qa | How do you grill a steak? | To grill a great steak, it all starts with the seasoning. A simple yet timeless seasoning includes a light coat with olive oil and salt and pepper to taste on all sides. While seasoning, the steak should be fully and evenly covered. From there, make sure your grill is hot (about 450* or higher) and grill for 4 minutes per side. Make sure to turn the steak 90* after your second turn. From there, remove once the steak hits 125* internal and let rest for 10 minutes. Serve and enjoy! | null | null | null | 8050 |
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null | brainstorming | give me a list of all the things I can do with a piece of land. | - you can build a house
- you can build a farm
- you can graze cattle
- you can excavate for precious metals
- you can dig a well
- you can grow flowers
- you can grow an orchard
- you can build a park
- you can build a bunker under ground | null | null | null | 8051 |
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null | general_qa | What hikes in the White Mountains are the most dangerous? | The degree of danger associated with any hike is subjective based on the hiker's general hiking experience, physical fitness, safety training and familiarity with the trails and terrain in the region. Many hikes are considered dangerous due to their steep pitches and exposure to the elements, while others can be considered dangerous due to less activity and poor trail blazing, such as bushwhacks. Other factors such as inclement weather can dramatically increase the danger of even a moderate hike. Proper preparedness, familiarity of the trails, understanding of incoming weather patterns and communicating your plans and timing to another person helps reduce risk in hiking the White Mountains, but one always assumes some degree of risk. A simple sprained ankle can mean life or death in bad weather, as the White Mountains, and notably the Presidential Range and Mount Washington, are notorious for life-threatening weather. Combined with very exposed routes and lack of safety equipment, even the most experienced hikers have fallen victim to the White Mountains. For experienced hikers seeking more adventurous routes, one might refer to the popular list "The Terrifying 25" which provides a list of routes that have steep inclines, a lot of exposure, fun ladders and caves, among other features. Huntington Ravine on Mount Washington is considered the most dangerous in all the Whites for its erratic weather, steep, exposed trails with drop-offs, and less traveled by other hikers. | null | null | null | 8052 |
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null | open_qa | Was the creator of Beavis and Butthead and King of the Hill the son of an archaeologist? | Yes, Mike Judge was the son of Jim Judge, an archaeologist in the American Southwest who helped record Chaco Canyon and was an accomplished professor. | null | null | null | 8053 |
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null | general_qa | What is forward slip in aviation? | It is a technique you use to lose altitude quickly without gaining airspeed. It is not efficient aerodynamically as it causes significant drag. The plane will appear as if it is flying sideways. A forward slip is executed by applying aileron input with opposite rudder. Typically full opposite rudder is needed to compensate for the aileron input. | null | null | null | 8054 |
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null | classification | Which one of these does not belong - Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto, Mercury | Pluto is the odd one out in this list of celestial bodies as it is no longer considered a planet. Pluto was classified as a dwarf planet in 2006.
To be considered a planet, a celestial body needs to meet 3 conditions :
1. It has to be in orbit around the Sun,
2. It needs to have sufficient mass for its self-gravity to form a nearly round shape
3. It must be big enough to clear its neighborhood of any similarly sized objects around its orbit.
Pluto failed to meet the 3rd criteria as there are other similarly sized objects in the Kuiper belt. | null | null | null | 8055 |
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null | summarization | Who first described the Euphalacra lacunata based on this paragraph: | Euphalacra lacunata is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1998. It is found on Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. | It was described by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1998 | null | null | null | 8056 |
null | classification | Classify the following bools as fiction or non-fiction: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, Economics in One Lesson, The Cat in the Hat, A Brief History of Time, Democracy In America, and Goodnight Moon. | Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, The Cat in the Hat, and Goodnight Moon are all fiction books. Economics in One Lesson, A Brief History of Time, and Democracy In America are all non-fiction. | null | null | null | 8057 |
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null | open_qa | What is a crossbody bag | A crossbody bag is a purse or sport bag that straddles over one shoulder and crosses over the front and back of the torso, so the bag can hang by the hip. | null | null | null | 8058 |
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null | brainstorming | What were the Gorgons of Greek mythology? | Gorgons, female monsters depicted as having snakes on their head instead of hair, and sometimes described as having tusks, wings, and brazen claws.
- Euryale, whose scream could kill.
- Medusa, whose gaze could turn anyone to stone, was killed by Perseus.
- Stheno, the third gorgon sister. | null | null | null | 8059 |
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null | information_extraction | What are the major producing regions of figs around the world today? | Traditional dried fruit such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots and apples have been a staple of Mediterranean diets for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the Fertile Crescent, made up by parts of modern Iran, Iraq, southwest Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and northern Egypt. Drying or dehydration also happened to be the earliest form of food preservation: grapes, dates, and figs that fell from the tree or vine would dry in the hot sun. Early hunter-gatherers observed that these fallen fruit took on an edible form, and valued them for their stability as well as their concentrated sweetness.
The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC, which contain what are probably the oldest known written recipes. These clay slabs, written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia, were inscribed in cuneiform and tell of diets based on grains (barley, millet, wheat), vegetables and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, pomegranates, and grapes. These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners. They included dried fruits in their breads for which they had more than 300 recipes, from simple barley bread for the workers to very elaborate, spiced cakes with honey for the palaces and temples.
The date palm was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago. It grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent and it was so productive (an average date palm produces 50 kg (100 lbs) of fruit a year for 60 years or more) that dates were the cheapest of staple foods. Because they were so valuable, they were well recorded in Assyrian and Babylonian monuments and temples. The villagers in Mesopotamia dried them and ate them as sweets. Whether fresh, soft-dried or hard-dried, they helped to give character to meat dishes and grain pies. They were valued by travelers for their energy and were recommended as stimulants against fatigue.
Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, Palestine, Israel, and Egypt where their daily use was probably greater than or equal to that of dates. As well as appearing in wall paintings, many specimens have been found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings. In Greece and Crete, figs grew very readily and they were the staple of poor and rich alike, particularly in their dried form.
Grape cultivation first began in Armenia and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th century BC. Raisins were produced by drying grapes in the hot desert sun. Very quickly, viticulture and raisin production spread across northern Africa including Morocco and Tunisia. The Phoenicians and the Egyptians popularized the production of raisins, probably due to the perfect arid environment for sun drying. They put them in jars for storage and allotted them to the different temples by the thousands. They also added them to breads and various pastries, some made with honey, some with milk and eggs.
From the Middle East, these fruits spread through Greece to Italy where they became a major part of the diet. Ancient Romans consumed raisins in spectacular quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. Raisined breads were common for breakfast and were consumed with their grains, beans, and cultured milks. Raisins were so valued that they transcended the food realm and became rewards for successful athletes, as well as premium barter currency.
Having dried fruits was essential in ancient Rome as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."
Figs were also extremely popular in Rome. Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of country people. They were rubbed with spices such as cumin, anise and fennel seeds, or toasted sesame, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars. Today, major producing regions include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals.
Plums, apricots and peaches had their origins in Asia. They were domesticated in China in the 3rd millennium BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were also very popular, fresh and dried alike. They arrived in Greece and Italy much later and were very expensive but valued in the preparation of gourmet dishes with port or stewed with honey and spices. | Today, major producing regions of fig include Israel, Jerusalem, Gaza and many other Arabic countries. Dried figs are rich in vitamins, phosphorus and various other important minerals. | null | null | null | 8060 |
null | open_qa | What does it mean if a dinner "smacks"? | Food "smacks" when it is really good and tasty. It's possibly a reference to "lip-smacking" when food is especially good. When you love what you're eating, you can say "this food smacks". | null | null | null | 8061 |
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null | open_qa | What kind of sports can I watch? | There are many sports you can watch like basketball, baseball, soccer, volleyball, football or rugby to name a few. You will need to find which sport interests you the most. If you ever played a sport in school or professionally then start by watching that sport to see if it still interests you. If not, then start by watching any of these sports listed above for a couple hours and see if you are interested. If not, then pick a different one and do the same thing until you find the sport that you really want to watch that holds your interest. | null | null | null | 8062 |
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null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cimboa, Bamboo clapper | Bamboo clapper is percussion, Cimboa is string. | null | null | null | 8063 |
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null | open_qa | How did 'March Madness' get its name? | "March Madness" was originally coined after a high school basketball tournament in Illinois dating back to 1908. Henry V. Porter wrote an essay titled "March Madness" in the Illinois Interscholastic in 1939 to commemorate the tournament. Other media outlets embraced the term as the tournament continued to sell out and thrive for decades. Brent Musburger, a former sportswriter from Chicago, brought the term "March Madness" to the NCAA tournament when covering the event for CBS in 1982. The phrase became synonymous with the tournament ever since. In 2010, the NCAA made it official and paid IHSA (The Illinois High School Association) $17.2M for the rights to the phrase, and began using the trademark in marketing materials, logos and other branding material. While only used for the men's tournament for decades, the NCAA only began using the phrase "March Madness" for the women's tournament in 2022. | null | null | null | 8064 |
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null | general_qa | What is a DBU? | dBu and dBV are decibel units specifically for measuring voltage. Unlike the dB, they are actually units because they can be converted to an actual voltage value. dBu is dB relative to 0.775 volts; such that 0dBu = 0.775 volts. | null | null | null | 8065 |
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null | general_qa | How do you make an old fashioned? | An old fashioned is a cocktail drink which can be made with Rye or Bourbon whiskey. It is made by muddling sugar, adding, Angostura bitters, water, whiskey (typically rye or bourbon), and garnishing with an orange slice and a cocktail cherry. A great cherry for old fashioneds is a Luxardo cherry. | null | null | null | 8066 |
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null | classification | What should you eat before playing in a sporting event? | If you are playing a physical sport, you want to have enough energy to compete at your highest potential. Water is very important to avoid dehydration. Carbohydrates are also important but you should eat them two hours prior to the activity. Lean protein such as chicken, pork or fish is a great source of nutrients. | null | null | null | 8067 |
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null | general_qa | Why do humans play sports? | Humans play sports for a variety of reasons. Some do it for the thrill of competition, others do it purely for fun, while others still play sports to stay healthy and fit. | null | null | null | 8068 |
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null | brainstorming | Summarize the benefits of installing artificial turf in my backyard instead of real grass | Installation of artificial turf provides a many benefits over natural grass.
Maintenance: Artificial turn does not need trimming or mowing.
Drought Preparedness: Artificial turn does not require water. You can opt to install some sprinklers for occasional cleaning or cooling purposes, but sprinklers are not necessary.
Cleanliness: Artificial turn eliminates dirt and grass stains on those who enjoy it.
Year round yard enjoyment: Artificial turn allows you to enjoy lawn activities all year long. No more dead lawn in the summer or muddy patches in the winter.
Aesthetics: Artificial turf will always give your yard a dependably green lawn area. Adding surrounding landscape of bark, mulch, shrubs and flowers, helps seamlessly blend the turf into your overall landscape plan. | null | null | null | 8069 |
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null | information_extraction | What are the four main linguistic and cultural regions of Switzerland? | Switzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002, but pursues an active foreign policy that include frequent involvement in peace-building processes worldwide.
Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross, one of the world's oldest and best-known humanitarian organisations, and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the United Nations. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the Eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area through bilateral treaties. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.
It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Swiss identity transcends language, ethnicity, and religion, leading to Switzerland being described as a Willensnation ("nation of volition") rather than a nation state. | German, French, Italian and Romansh | null | null | null | 8070 |
null | creative_writing | Write a short news story about a dog who is elected to the Wisconsin state supreme court. Avoid discussing the dog's political party by name. | Rex, the newest member of the Wisconsin State Supreme Court, was an unlikely candidate and an unlikely winner of the recent election, but the people of Wisconsin have spoken. Rex's win over conservative former state Supreme Court Justice Dan Kelly could have implications for an important spaying case and could ultimately impact redistricting in the state, with fire hydrants, trees, and car tires marking the likely boundaries of new districts. | null | null | null | 8071 |
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null | classification | Categorize the following data types into personal or business data: e-mail address, financials, government identifiers, system designs, marketing materials, credit card numbers | E-mail Address: Personal Data
Financials: Business Data
Government Identifiers: Personal Data
System Designs: Business Data
Marketing Materials: Business Data
Credit Card Numbers: Personal Data | null | null | null | 8072 |
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null | brainstorming | What is the best BBQ restaurant in Raleigh? | Raleigh has a lot of great barbecue restaurants. For traditional NC-style BBQ try Clyde Coopers located downtown. If you like Texas-style BBQ Prime BBQ in Knightdale has great brisket and beef ribs. | null | null | null | 8073 |
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null | creative_writing | Discuss the pros and cons of a day trip to Vancouver versus a day trip to Portland from Seattle. | Both Vancouver, Canada and Portland, Oregon can be a fun day trip from Seattle. The pros for both are that the cities are fairly close to Seattle, so a day trip is very reasonable. In terms of time to get there, Portland is a bit closer and also has the advantage of still being in the United States. So, you may save time compared to going to Vancouver since there is no border crossing. This difference can be fairly trivial though since the border between the US and Canada is often fairly fast.
Besides travel time, something to consider is what kind of activity you want to do. Vancouver has a lot of great chinese cuisine and also has Stanley park which is a great place to go walking and cycling. Portland is known for Voodoo donuts, a popular and unique donut store.
Overall, both are great options and it boils down to what things you enjoy doing most. | null | null | null | 8074 |
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null | brainstorming | Can you explain how I can analyze Simba logs? | A typical Simba driver log line to would like like below
Feb 21 20:17:16.525 TRACE 1542911745 Simba::ODBC::Statement::SQLFetch: +++++ enter +++++
One can use regular expression based match to parse this log line to split the fields to derive meaningful insights.
For example, the fields can be split into
- timestamp
- loglevel
- pid
- message
The last message field is a long string which encapsulates a lot of important information but can be classified as below by splitting this further based on the :: delimiter.
- Namespace
- Class
- Method
- Details
There are 2 types of Simba logs
Connection Logs - Useful for getting connection attributes like agent, driver versions, operation status calls, connection failures, SSL errors etc
Driver Logs - This helps to analyze actual details around data fetch performance.
Some examples to derive meaningful insights from connection logs
Extract unique query identifier using keyword search within the message for "THandleIdentifier" or a guid pattern
Some examples to derive meaningful insights from driver logs
How long did an actual data fetch block take can be inspected using the time difference between the blocks.
SQLFetch*Enter
SQLFetch*Exit
Within each fetch block, you can look for below log lines to understand if it was a row-by-row fetch if you see a log of SQLGetData blocks.
SQLGetData*Enter
SQLGetData*Exit
There is other miscellaneous information logged by Simba driver for preceding requests such as closing a query or a session where an actual identifier needs to be sent along with the request, think of it as a payload for a REST API post request where you also need to send a payload along with the request.
Overall, deriving meaningful information from the Simba driver logs require a bit of analysis
before actually realizing the benefits of such analysis, most of the details are cryptic.
Brainstorming other ideas with Simba product team would be fantastic. | null | null | null | 8075 |
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null | general_qa | In preparing to raise a family what is the ideal number of children to raise if you planned to encourage them to go to college? | The ideal number of children is two children as it allows the children to develop a sibling relationship which fosters important life skills in sharing, communication, supporting others and developing long term relationships | null | null | null | 8076 |
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null | summarization | Give me the name of the most famous books written by Shakespeare | Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best works produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights. | Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth | null | null | null | 8077 |
null | closed_qa | Is Belgrandia varica found in Europe or Australia? | Belgrandia varica was previously considered to be extinct, however it has been classified as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) by IUCN because it might still be present in a small spring that has been overlooked during previous surveys.
This species is endemic to France. | Belgrandia varica is endemic to France, so therefore it is found in Europe. | null | null | null | 8078 |
null | classification | Are these places in the United States or Spain? California, New Mexico, Andalusia, Catalonia, Utah, Madrid, Texas | California: US, New Mexico: US, Andalusia: Spain, Catalonia: Spain, Utah: US, Madrid: Spain, Texas: US | null | null | null | 8079 |
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null | general_qa | What is the capital of France? | The capital of France is Paris | null | null | null | 8080 |
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null | open_qa | What is data engineering? | Data engineering deals with building systems and process that bring data together and serve that data up to the business. They ingest data, transform, data, apply data quality rules, and prepare finalized cleaned datasets for use by the business to get insights. Data engineers have to be strong developers as well if data engineering has to be done using a programming language like Python. | null | null | null | 8081 |
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null | open_qa | What does the Constitution do? | Protects basic rights of Americans | null | null | null | 8082 |
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null | open_qa | How much more water does a bath use than a shower? | If taking a 5 minute shower, a bath uses 75% more water. | null | null | null | 8083 |
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null | closed_qa | Based on the provided text, what technology rendered Extended ASCII obsolete? | Extended ASCII is a repertoire of character encodings that include (most of) the original 96 ASCII character set, plus up to 128 additional characters. There is no formal definition of "extended ASCII", and even use of the term is sometimes criticized, because it can be mistakenly interpreted to mean that the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) had updated its ANSI X3.4-1986 standard to include more characters, or that the term identifies a single unambiguous encoding, neither of which is the case.
The ISO standard ISO 8859 was the first international standard to formalize a (limited) expansion of the ASCII character set: of the many language variants it encoded, ISO 8859-1 ("ISO Latin 1") – which supports most Western European languages – is best known in the West. There are many other extended ASCII encodings (more than 220 DOS and Windows codepages). EBCDIC ("the other" major character code) likewise developed many extended variants (more than 186 EBCDIC codepages) over the decades.
The technology has largely been rendered technically obsolete by Unicode, which has code points for all the characters encoded in the various attempts to extend ASCII. All modern operating systems use this technology. Nevertheless, the topic remains important in the history of computing. | Unicode rendered extended ASCII obsolete. | null | null | null | 8084 |
null | information_extraction | Extract from the following passage research related to electricity in the 17th and 18th centuries. | Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them.
Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing.
Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature.
Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus ("of amber" or "like amber",, elektron, the Greek word for "amber") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words "electric" and "electricity", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646.
Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges
In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his "On Physical Lines of Force" in 1861 and 1862.
While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life.
In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels.
The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor.
Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948. | Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges
In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. | null | null | null | 8085 |
null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Skrabalai, Zeze | Zeze is string, Skrabalai is percussion. | null | null | null | 8086 |
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null | general_qa | Do you prefer pancakes or waffles? | There is no question in my mind as to the answer to this question. I undoubtedly prefer waffles. Waffles offer a superior textural experience with their crispy edges and corners and fluffy insides. Waffles are easy to make and consistent in their appearance which offers a low-stress cooking experience. The cube pockets of a waffle offer the perfect home to copious amounts of butter and syrup, which is the ultimate reason they are much preferable to the measly pancake. | null | null | null | 8087 |
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null | information_extraction | Who created the scheme programming language? | Scheme is a dialect of the Lisp family of programming languages. Scheme was created during the 1970s at the MIT AI Lab and released by its developers, Guy L. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman, via a series of memos now known as the Lambda Papers. It was the first dialect of Lisp to choose lexical scope and the first to require implementations to perform tail-call optimization, giving stronger support for functional programming and associated techniques such as recursive algorithms. It was also one of the first programming languages to support first-class continuations. It had a significant influence on the effort that led to the development of Common Lisp. | The scheme programming language was developed by Guy L. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman during the 1970s at the MIT AI Lab in a series of memos known as the Lambda Papers. | null | null | null | 8088 |
null | summarization | Answer given the passage: when was the Ritterhaus Uerikon | There is an old mansion (Ritterhuus) built in 1531 that bases on a tiny castle of 1492 serving as place of the former local administration of the Einsiedeln Abbey. It is located at the lake shore. | It was built in 1531 on a tiny castle of 1492. | null | null | null | 8089 |
null | information_extraction | Extract the reason why the check clearing system was created | Because some banks refused to clear checks from certain other banks during times of economic uncertainty, a check-clearing system was created in the Federal Reserve System. It is briefly described in The Federal Reserve System—Purposes and Functions as follows:
By creating the Federal Reserve System, Congress intended to eliminate the severe financial crises that had periodically swept the nation, especially the sort of financial panic that occurred in 1907. During that episode, payments were disrupted throughout the country because many banks and clearinghouses refused to clear checks drawn on certain other banks, a practice that contributed to the failure of otherwise solvent banks. To address these problems, Congress gave the Federal Reserve System the authority to establish a nationwide check-clearing system. The System, then, was to provide not only an elastic currency—that is, a currency that would expand or shrink in amount as economic conditions warranted—but also an efficient and equitable check-collection system. | During financial crises in early 20th century, some banks refused to clear checks drawn on certain other banks, a practice that contributed to the failure of otherwise solvent banks, which ultimately led to severe crises that swept the nation, therefore Congress gave the Federal Reserve System the authority to establish a nationwide check-clearing system to address such systematic issues. | null | null | null | 8090 |
null | closed_qa | According to this paragraph, what was the most common type of castle in England following the Norman Conquest? | There are nine castles in Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. They consist of four motte-and-bailey castles, three fortified manor houses, an enclosure castle, and a possible shell keep. A motte-and-bailey castle is characterised by two elements: the motte is an artificial mound with a wooden stockade and stronghold on top, usually a stone keep or tower, while the bailey is a defended enclosure adjacent to the motte, typically enclosed by a ditch and a bank topped by a timber palisade or stone wall. Motte-and-bailey castles were the most common type of castle in England following the Norman Conquest. A shell keep was a motte with a stone wall rather than a wooden stockade on top; there would have been no tower within the walls. Four of Greater Manchester's castles are scheduled monuments: Buckton, Bury, Radcliffe Tower, and Watch Hill. A scheduled monument is a "nationally important" archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change. | According to this text, the Motte-and-bailey castles were the most common following the Norman Conquest. | null | null | null | 8091 |
null | closed_qa | What does the acronym IMET stand for? | International Military Education and Training (IMET) is the title of a United States security assistance program, a type of student exchange program. | International Military Education and Training | null | null | null | 8092 |
null | classification | Tell me which of these foods is spicy: jalapeño, apple, five-alarm chili, marshmallow, tabasco, wasabi | Jalapeño: spicy
Apple: not spicy
Five-alarm chili: spicy
Marshmallow: not spicy
Tabasco: spicy
Wasabi: spicy | null | null | null | 8093 |
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null | general_qa | Who would win in a fight? Pirates or ninjas? | While this topic has been hotly debated over the years with people siding with one group or the other based on admiration or perceived skill advantages, it's actually pirates that would win in a fight due to their innate resourcefulness and guns. | null | null | null | 8094 |
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null | open_qa | What is rationing? | Rationing is the restriction of goods.
It is mostly done when there are insufficient goods/products to meet the demand or needs of the people.
It is used to save resources. | null | null | null | 8095 |
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null | creative_writing | Give me Personal finance advice | Live within your means.
Save and Invest
Avoid credit cards
Avoid any financial product that you don't understand
Do research before making a large purchase
Read financial books and blogs to get educated on personal finance
Home ownership generally is worth more in the long run
Ensure you have sufficient insurance to cover unexpected major catastrophes | null | null | null | 8096 |
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null | open_qa | How do archaeologists study the past? | Archaeologists study the past by implementing a variety of scientific strategies that include survey, excavation, analysis, interpretation, and reporting. They begin by determining an area of interest to be studied. They then survey that area using a variety of methods that include laying in a grid system for testing the area of interest to locate sites. Next, they excavate, or dig, to find evidence of past habitations. This results in recovering material culture, or artifacts. The artifacts are then taken to a laboratory where they are analyzed. This analysis including cleaning the artifacts, determining dates and functions, and entering those artifacts into a database where further statistical analysis may be performed. Once all this data is gathered and analyzed, archaeologist need to interpret what they have found. This data can tell you when a site was occupied, who lived there, what they were eating, and what time of year a site was occupied. Once the archaeologists have interpreted the data the write a report detailing the work that was done and their interpretation of the site. The report is very detailed as archaeological excavation destroys the sites being studying. The report includes photographs, field notes, and an inventory of the artifacts recovered as well as an interpretation of the site. | null | null | null | 8097 |
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null | classification | Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Clapper, Chagane | Chagane is string, Clapper is percussion. | null | null | null | 8098 |
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null | open_qa | What is a compound statement? | A compound statement contains two independent clauses of words that can each be their own statement independently | null | null | null | 8099 |
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