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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667827059#12_2445323517 | http://intelliadmin.com/index.php/2007/10/the-admin-share-explained/ | The admin$ share explained | Remote Administration For Windows | The admin$ share explained
The admin$ share explained | Still, I can feel your concern. Why turn all this stuff back on when MS thinks it is a big security hole? To give you a choice. If you are not aware of it, then the default is to lock down. This is a good thing. The risks are: 1. Blank passwords, or simple passwords. Any password that could be easily guessed by a virus roaming your network would be bad. Pick hard to guess passwords for your administrator accounts. | 3,970 | 4,388 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667827059#13_2445324269 | http://intelliadmin.com/index.php/2007/10/the-admin-share-explained/ | The admin$ share explained | Remote Administration For Windows | The admin$ share explained
The admin$ share explained | The risks are: 1. Blank passwords, or simple passwords. Any password that could be easily guessed by a virus roaming your network would be bad. Pick hard to guess passwords for your administrator accounts. I have seen viruses that have 10,000 of the most common passwords built into them so they can try to get in that way. 2. Direct internet access. If your computers are safe behind a firewall, then you can feel safe in the fact that only other local computers can access your share. If your computer is going to be directly connected to the internet I would never allow traffic for file and printer sharing. | 4,183 | 4,794 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667827059#14_2445325215 | http://intelliadmin.com/index.php/2007/10/the-admin-share-explained/ | The admin$ share explained | Remote Administration For Windows | The admin$ share explained
The admin$ share explained | I have seen viruses that have 10,000 of the most common passwords built into them so they can try to get in that way. 2. Direct internet access. If your computers are safe behind a firewall, then you can feel safe in the fact that only other local computers can access your share. If your computer is going to be directly connected to the internet I would never allow traffic for file and printer sharing. 3. Make sure you have adequate anti-virus installed. Since your attack surface has been reduced (You only need to worry about machines you know on your network, and not the entire net)…A good anti-virus on every machines is the best defense against viruses propagating using the admin share. 4. Limits on the administrator account. | 4,389 | 5,126 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667827059#15_2445326292 | http://intelliadmin.com/index.php/2007/10/the-admin-share-explained/ | The admin$ share explained | Remote Administration For Windows | The admin$ share explained
The admin$ share explained | 3. Make sure you have adequate anti-virus installed. Since your attack surface has been reduced (You only need to worry about machines you know on your network, and not the entire net)…A good anti-virus on every machines is the best defense against viruses propagating using the admin share. 4. Limits on the administrator account. Very few people should have, and should login as a domain administrator. The less that do, the smaller the chance that the admin share can be used for bad purposes. So if you know the risks, properly secure your computers, and use some common sense – you can enable the admin share, and enjoy the benefits of using it. Check out our Windows Admin Tools
One more thing…Subscribe to my newsletter and get 11 free network administrator tools, plus a 30 page user guide so you can get the most out of them. Click Here to get your free tools | 4,794 | 5,663 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667833144#0_2445327511 | http://intelligence-institute.com/html/strategic_anticipation.html | Strategic Anticipation
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It is becoming difficult to anticipate, analyze, and interpret future trends and developments due to increasing complexity in the international environment. At the same time, states have a growing need to prepare against diffuse risks and threats and to exploit potential future opportunities. The concept of strategic foresight may be useful for preserving and enhancing strategic decision making and the capacity to act in a world that is becoming globalized and unpredictable. This increasing insecurity with regard to fundamental future development trajectories and trends, and the lead time associated with them, simultaneously promotes the desire to prepare against unknown threats and to shape the future actively in order to be able to exploit the resulting opportunities. Strategies and means for consolidating a future-oriented holistic view and for improving the strategic decisionmaking capabilities and actionability of states have thus gained importance. An interesting approach in this respect is the concept of strategic foresight, which has been tested in several states over the past years. Link to Singapore Government pages
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International Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning Symposium 2010
The 3rd International Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning Symposium will be held from 15 to 16 March 2010 at the Raffles City Convention Centre in Singapore
About 300 international participants are expected for the by-invitation-only symposium, mainly from governments, think tanks and private enterprises with a strong interest in horizon scanning. The symposium will: | 0 | 2,698 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667833144#1_2445330454 | http://intelligence-institute.com/html/strategic_anticipation.html | This increasing insecurity with regard to fundamental future development trajectories and trends, and the lead time associated with them, simultaneously promotes the desire to prepare against unknown threats and to shape the future actively in order to be able to exploit the resulting opportunities. Strategies and means for consolidating a future-oriented holistic view and for improving the strategic decisionmaking capabilities and actionability of states have thus gained importance. An interesting approach in this respect is the concept of strategic foresight, which has been tested in several states over the past years. Link to Singapore Government pages
Click the image to download
International Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning Symposium 2010
The 3rd International Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning Symposium will be held from 15 to 16 March 2010 at the Raffles City Convention Centre in Singapore
About 300 international participants are expected for the by-invitation-only symposium, mainly from governments, think tanks and private enterprises with a strong interest in horizon scanning. The symposium will: (a) promote active dialogue on risk assessment and horizon scanning concepts, methods and technologies
(b) provide the opportunity for Singapore to share its Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning or RAHS programme with an international audience
(c) encourage active collaboration in RAHS concepts, methods and technologies, through experimentation. The theme for the symposium is “Strategic Anticipation: Developing Effective Strategies for the Future”. 25 speakers of international repute will be sharing useful approaches to emerging future challenges, with an emphasis on practical policy implications. A technology showcase featuring state-of-the-art software tools from our commercial partners in Singapore and around the world would also be held in conjunction with IRAHSS 2010. | 1,569 | 3,483 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667833144#2_2445332600 | http://intelligence-institute.com/html/strategic_anticipation.html | (a) promote active dialogue on risk assessment and horizon scanning concepts, methods and technologies
(b) provide the opportunity for Singapore to share its Risk Assessment and Horizon Scanning or RAHS programme with an international audience
(c) encourage active collaboration in RAHS concepts, methods and technologies, through experimentation. The theme for the symposium is “Strategic Anticipation: Developing Effective Strategies for the Future”. 25 speakers of international repute will be sharing useful approaches to emerging future challenges, with an emphasis on practical policy implications. A technology showcase featuring state-of-the-art software tools from our commercial partners in Singapore and around the world would also be held in conjunction with IRAHSS 2010. This event is jointly organised by the National Security Coordination Secretariat, the Defence Science and Technology Agency and the Centre of Excellence for National Security. Click here to view our Draft Programme Overview. Day 1: Panel 1
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS: A SURVEY OF STRATEGIC ANTICIPATION PROGRAMMES
ADRIAN TAYLOR (Moderator)
Consultant, 4Sing: | 2,699 | 3,847 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667833144#3_2445333980 | http://intelligence-institute.com/html/strategic_anticipation.html | This event is jointly organised by the National Security Coordination Secretariat, the Defence Science and Technology Agency and the Centre of Excellence for National Security. Click here to view our Draft Programme Overview. Day 1: Panel 1
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS: A SURVEY OF STRATEGIC ANTICIPATION PROGRAMMES
ADRIAN TAYLOR (Moderator)
Consultant, 4Sing: Foresight and Strategy for Security and Sustainability in Governance, Germany. Foresight and Designing Policy: The Experience of the OECD
MICHAEL OBORNE
Director, Strategic Foresight, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Scenario Planning and Strategic Foresight Activities of the World Economic Forum
KRISTEL VAN DER ELST
Director, Head of Scenario Planning, World Economic Forum. Strategic Anticipation at the World Bank
PAUL ORMONDE-JAMES
Head of Global Intelligence, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. | 3,483 | 4,392 |
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667833144#4_2445335115 | http://intelligence-institute.com/html/strategic_anticipation.html | Foresight and Strategy for Security and Sustainability in Governance, Germany. Foresight and Designing Policy: The Experience of the OECD
MICHAEL OBORNE
Director, Strategic Foresight, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Scenario Planning and Strategic Foresight Activities of the World Economic Forum
KRISTEL VAN DER ELST
Director, Head of Scenario Planning, World Economic Forum. Strategic Anticipation at the World Bank
PAUL ORMONDE-JAMES
Head of Global Intelligence, International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group. Full Biography| Abstract| Video
Building Strategic Intelligence to Anticipate Global Challenges
MARK BODEN
Head, Research Policy Mixes and Foresight Sector, Knowledge for Growth Unit, European Commission Joint Research Centre. Paul Ormonde-james Business Intelligence specialist
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#0_2445338442 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
The CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory is a leading John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory. It was frequently mentioned during the 1960s and 1970s when the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was involved in plots to assassinate foreign leaders. Kennedy said to his collaborator Clark Clifford, shortly after the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion, "Something very bad is going on within the CIA and I want to know what it is. I want to shred the CIA into a thousand pieces and scatter them to the four winds." Contents
1
Background
2
CIA assassinations
3
Cuban exiles
4
Three tramps
5
E. Howard Hunt
6
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
7
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
8
References
Background
Allen Dulles was the head of the CIA during the disastrous Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba by a small army of Cuban nationals in April 1961. The assassination policy of the CIA had been created under Allen Dulles. Robert Kennedy had been working as Attorney General and was running the intelligence agency through the White House Special Group. The embarrassment of the U.S. government and the CIA due to the failed invasion turned the Kennedy brothers against Richard M. Bissell and Allen Dulles resulting in the firing of both Bissell and Dulles. To make matters worse Allen Dulles decided to volunteer to help investigate President Kennedy’s murder. According to William Corson, Allen Dulles “lobbied hard for the job” as he was not in the prestigious group appointed by Lyndon Johnson. | 0 | 1,631 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#1_2445340681 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| The assassination policy of the CIA had been created under Allen Dulles. Robert Kennedy had been working as Attorney General and was running the intelligence agency through the White House Special Group. The embarrassment of the U.S. government and the CIA due to the failed invasion turned the Kennedy brothers against Richard M. Bissell and Allen Dulles resulting in the firing of both Bissell and Dulles. To make matters worse Allen Dulles decided to volunteer to help investigate President Kennedy’s murder. According to William Corson, Allen Dulles “lobbied hard for the job” as he was not in the prestigious group appointed by Lyndon Johnson. Lyndon Johnson finally appointed him. Congress began investigating the intelligence agencies by way of the Church Committee. In the weeks following the assassination, major changes were made in the CIA. CIA assassinations
In 1975 and 1976, the Church Committee published fourteen reports on the formation of U.S. intelligence agencies, their operations, and the alleged abuses of law and of power that they had committed. Among the matters the Church Committee investigated, was the involvement by U.S. intelligence agencies to assassinate foreign leaders, including Patrice Lumumba of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Fidel Castro. | 983 | 2,272 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#2_2445342559 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| Lyndon Johnson finally appointed him. Congress began investigating the intelligence agencies by way of the Church Committee. In the weeks following the assassination, major changes were made in the CIA. CIA assassinations
In 1975 and 1976, the Church Committee published fourteen reports on the formation of U.S. intelligence agencies, their operations, and the alleged abuses of law and of power that they had committed. Among the matters the Church Committee investigated, was the involvement by U.S. intelligence agencies to assassinate foreign leaders, including Patrice Lumumba of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Fidel Castro. The CIA provided $42,000 in immediate support money to the plotters on the morning of the assassination of President Diem of Vietnam, which was carried out by Lucien Conein, although Robert S. McNamara and historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., (who was a participant as a White House historian) both stated that President Kennedy went pale when he heard the news about the coup and was shocked that Diem had been murdered. Kennedy and the CIA had a strained relationship following the Bay of Pigs disaster, with Kennedy remarking that he wanted "to splinter the CIA into a thousand pieces and scatter it to the winds." However, that animosity was evidently short-lived, as CIA deputy director for intelligence John L. Hegerson would later write that "the [CIA's] relationship with Kennedy was not only a distinct improvement over the more formal relationship with Eisenhower, but would only rarely be matched in future administrations." While the CIA's budget has always been classified, ranking CIA official William Colby made it clear when he wrote, "the fact of the matter is that the CIA could not have had a better friend in a President than John F. Kennedy. He understood the Agency and used it effectively, exploiting its intellectual abilities to help him analyze a complex world, and its paramilitary and covert political talents to react to it in a low key way." | 1,632 | 3,645 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#3_2445345153 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| The CIA provided $42,000 in immediate support money to the plotters on the morning of the assassination of President Diem of Vietnam, which was carried out by Lucien Conein, although Robert S. McNamara and historian Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., (who was a participant as a White House historian) both stated that President Kennedy went pale when he heard the news about the coup and was shocked that Diem had been murdered. Kennedy and the CIA had a strained relationship following the Bay of Pigs disaster, with Kennedy remarking that he wanted "to splinter the CIA into a thousand pieces and scatter it to the winds." However, that animosity was evidently short-lived, as CIA deputy director for intelligence John L. Hegerson would later write that "the [CIA's] relationship with Kennedy was not only a distinct improvement over the more formal relationship with Eisenhower, but would only rarely be matched in future administrations." While the CIA's budget has always been classified, ranking CIA official William Colby made it clear when he wrote, "the fact of the matter is that the CIA could not have had a better friend in a President than John F. Kennedy. He understood the Agency and used it effectively, exploiting its intellectual abilities to help him analyze a complex world, and its paramilitary and covert political talents to react to it in a low key way." The House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded that in 1979, although Oswald assassinated Kennedy, a conspiracy was probable but that the conspiracy did not implicate any U.S. Intelligence agencies. This conclusion was based almost entirely on the analysis of a police dictabelt which supposedly recorded the sound of a fourth bullet being fired in Dealey Plaza. The HSCA also said that President Kennedy did not receive adequate protection in Dallas, and the Secret Service possessed information that was not properly analyzed, investigated or used by the Secret Service in connection with the President's trip to Dallas; in addition, Secret Service agents in the motorcade were inadequately prepared to protect the President from a sniper. This lack of protection may have occurred because Kennedy himself had specifically asked that the Secret Service make itself discreet during the Dallas visit, undermining claims that the Secret Service "let it happen." | 2,272 | 4,614 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#4_2445348076 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| The House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded that in 1979, although Oswald assassinated Kennedy, a conspiracy was probable but that the conspiracy did not implicate any U.S. Intelligence agencies. This conclusion was based almost entirely on the analysis of a police dictabelt which supposedly recorded the sound of a fourth bullet being fired in Dealey Plaza. The HSCA also said that President Kennedy did not receive adequate protection in Dallas, and the Secret Service possessed information that was not properly analyzed, investigated or used by the Secret Service in connection with the President's trip to Dallas; in addition, Secret Service agents in the motorcade were inadequately prepared to protect the President from a sniper. This lack of protection may have occurred because Kennedy himself had specifically asked that the Secret Service make itself discreet during the Dallas visit, undermining claims that the Secret Service "let it happen." It is important to note that if there were U.S. intelligence agencies to be implicated in the murder of a sitting president, that murder would effectively constitute a coup d'état . Cuban exiles
Richard Helms, a director of the CIA's Office of Special Operations, had reason to be hostile to Kennedy since when first elected, Kennedy supported invading Cuba and then only later changed his mind about how to approach the matter. After the disastrous Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba sponsored by the CIA, Kennedy changed his mind about an invasion, earning the hatred of the Cuban exile community. Thus, Helms was immediately put under pressure from President Kennedy and his brother Robert (the Attorney General) to increase American efforts to get rid of the Castro regime. Operation Mongoose had nearly 4,000 operators involved in attacks on Cuban economic targets. | 3,645 | 5,479 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#5_2445350491 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| It is important to note that if there were U.S. intelligence agencies to be implicated in the murder of a sitting president, that murder would effectively constitute a coup d'état . Cuban exiles
Richard Helms, a director of the CIA's Office of Special Operations, had reason to be hostile to Kennedy since when first elected, Kennedy supported invading Cuba and then only later changed his mind about how to approach the matter. After the disastrous Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba sponsored by the CIA, Kennedy changed his mind about an invasion, earning the hatred of the Cuban exile community. Thus, Helms was immediately put under pressure from President Kennedy and his brother Robert (the Attorney General) to increase American efforts to get rid of the Castro regime. Operation Mongoose had nearly 4,000 operators involved in attacks on Cuban economic targets. The House Select Committee on Assassinations believed evidence existed implicating certain violent Cuban exiles may have participated in Kennedy's murder. These exiles worked closely with CIA operatives in violent activities against Castro's Cuba. In 1979, the committee reported this: President Kennedy's popularity among the Cuban exiles had plunged deeply by 1963. Their bitterness is illustrated in a tape recording of a meeting of anti-Castro Cubans and right-wing Americans in the Dallas suburb of Farmer's Branch on October 1, 1963. ( | 4,615 | 6,021 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#6_2445352477 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| The House Select Committee on Assassinations believed evidence existed implicating certain violent Cuban exiles may have participated in Kennedy's murder. These exiles worked closely with CIA operatives in violent activities against Castro's Cuba. In 1979, the committee reported this: President Kennedy's popularity among the Cuban exiles had plunged deeply by 1963. Their bitterness is illustrated in a tape recording of a meeting of anti-Castro Cubans and right-wing Americans in the Dallas suburb of Farmer's Branch on October 1, 1963. ( 37)
Holding a copy of the September 26 edition of The Dallas Morning News, featuring a front-page account of the President's planned trip to Texas in November, the Cuban exile vented his hostility: "CASTELLANOS... we're waiting for Kennedy the 22d, [the date Kennedy was murdered] buddy. We're going to see him in one way or the other. We're going to give him the works when he gets in Dallas. Mr. good ol' Kennedy. | 5,479 | 6,436 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#7_2445354010 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| 37)
Holding a copy of the September 26 edition of The Dallas Morning News, featuring a front-page account of the President's planned trip to Texas in November, the Cuban exile vented his hostility: "CASTELLANOS... we're waiting for Kennedy the 22d, [the date Kennedy was murdered] buddy. We're going to see him in one way or the other. We're going to give him the works when he gets in Dallas. Mr. good ol' Kennedy. I wouldn't even call him President Kennedy. He stinks." Author Joan Didion explored the Miami anti-Castro Cuban theory in her 1987 non-fiction book "Miami." Three tramps
A list of the better known "identifications" of the three tramps alleged by conspiracy theorists includes: Charles Harrelson, the father of actor Woody Harrelson, has been alleged to be the tallest of the three tramps in the photographs. | 6,021 | 6,844 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#8_2445355415 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| I wouldn't even call him President Kennedy. He stinks." Author Joan Didion explored the Miami anti-Castro Cuban theory in her 1987 non-fiction book "Miami." Three tramps
A list of the better known "identifications" of the three tramps alleged by conspiracy theorists includes: Charles Harrelson, the father of actor Woody Harrelson, has been alleged to be the tallest of the three tramps in the photographs. Harrelson at various times before his death boasted about his role as one of the tramps, however, in a 1988 interview, he denied being in Dallas on the day of the assassination. E. Howard Hunt, the CIA station chief who was instrumental in the Bay of Pigs Invasion, and who later worked as one of President Richard Nixon's White House Plumbers, was alleged by some to be the oldest of the tramps. At the time of his death, Hunt's son released tapes of Hunt implicating LBJ in Kennedy's assassination. In 1975, Hunt testified to the United States President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States that he was in Washington, DC on the day of the assassination. This testimony was confirmed by Hunt's family and a home employee of the Hunts. | 6,437 | 7,599 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#9_2445357157 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| Harrelson at various times before his death boasted about his role as one of the tramps, however, in a 1988 interview, he denied being in Dallas on the day of the assassination. E. Howard Hunt, the CIA station chief who was instrumental in the Bay of Pigs Invasion, and who later worked as one of President Richard Nixon's White House Plumbers, was alleged by some to be the oldest of the tramps. At the time of his death, Hunt's son released tapes of Hunt implicating LBJ in Kennedy's assassination. In 1975, Hunt testified to the United States President's Commission on CIA activities within the United States that he was in Washington, DC on the day of the assassination. This testimony was confirmed by Hunt's family and a home employee of the Hunts. In 1985 however, in Hunt's libel suit against Liberty Lobby, defense attorney Mark Lane introduced doubt as to Hunt's location on the day of the Kennedy assassination through depositions from David Atlee Phillips, Richard Helms, G. Gordon Liddy, Stansfield Turner, and Marita Lorenz, plus a cross-examination of Hunt. Frank Sturgis is thought by some to be the tall tramp in the photographs. Like Hunt, Sturgis was involved both in the Bay of Pigs invasion and the Watergate burglary. In 1959, Sturgis became involved with Marita Lorenz, who later identified Sturgis as a gunman in the assassination. Hunt's confessions before his death similarly implicates Sturgis. | 6,845 | 8,266 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#10_2445359152 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| In 1985 however, in Hunt's libel suit against Liberty Lobby, defense attorney Mark Lane introduced doubt as to Hunt's location on the day of the Kennedy assassination through depositions from David Atlee Phillips, Richard Helms, G. Gordon Liddy, Stansfield Turner, and Marita Lorenz, plus a cross-examination of Hunt. Frank Sturgis is thought by some to be the tall tramp in the photographs. Like Hunt, Sturgis was involved both in the Bay of Pigs invasion and the Watergate burglary. In 1959, Sturgis became involved with Marita Lorenz, who later identified Sturgis as a gunman in the assassination. Hunt's confessions before his death similarly implicates Sturgis. Chauncey Holt, also alleged by some to be the oldest of the tramps, claims to have been a double agent for the CIA and the Mafia, and has claimed that his assignment in Dallas was to provide fake Secret Service credentials to people in the vicinity. Witness reports state that there were one or more unidentified men in the area claiming to be Secret Service agents. The House Select Committee on Assassinations had forensic anthropologists study the photographic evidence. They were able to rule out E. Howard Hunt, Frank Sturgis, Dan Carswell, Fred Lee Chapman, and other suspects in 1978. The Rockefeller Commission concluded that neither Hunt nor Frank Sturgis was in Dallas on the day of the assassination. | 7,600 | 8,978 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#11_2445361105 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| Chauncey Holt, also alleged by some to be the oldest of the tramps, claims to have been a double agent for the CIA and the Mafia, and has claimed that his assignment in Dallas was to provide fake Secret Service credentials to people in the vicinity. Witness reports state that there were one or more unidentified men in the area claiming to be Secret Service agents. The House Select Committee on Assassinations had forensic anthropologists study the photographic evidence. They were able to rule out E. Howard Hunt, Frank Sturgis, Dan Carswell, Fred Lee Chapman, and other suspects in 1978. The Rockefeller Commission concluded that neither Hunt nor Frank Sturgis was in Dallas on the day of the assassination. Despite these positive identifications of the tramps and the lack of any connection between them and the assassination, some have maintained their identifications of the three as persons other than Doyle, Gedney and Abrams and have continued to theorize that they may have been connected to the crime. E. Howard Hunt
Former CIA agent and Watergate figure E. Howard Hunt has been named as a possible participant in several Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories. Separately, he has denied complicity in the murder of JFK while accusing others of being involved. Some researchers have identified Hunt as a figure crossing Dealey Plaza in a raincoat and fedora immediately after the assassination. Others have suggested that Hunt was one of the men known as the three tramps who were arrested and then quickly released shortly after the assassination. | 8,266 | 9,830 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667840324#12_2445363244 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/CIA_Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theory | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
CIA Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory
Contents
Background
CIA assassinations
Cuban exiles
Three tramps
E. Howard Hunt
Organized crime and the CIA conspiracy
Alleged Cuban retaliation for CIA activities
References
| Despite these positive identifications of the tramps and the lack of any connection between them and the assassination, some have maintained their identifications of the three as persons other than Doyle, Gedney and Abrams and have continued to theorize that they may have been connected to the crime. E. Howard Hunt
Former CIA agent and Watergate figure E. Howard Hunt has been named as a possible participant in several Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories. Separately, he has denied complicity in the murder of JFK while accusing others of being involved. Some researchers have identified Hunt as a figure crossing Dealey Plaza in a raincoat and fedora immediately after the assassination. Others have suggested that Hunt was one of the men known as the three tramps who were arrested and then quickly released shortly after the assassination. In 1976, a magazine called The Spotlight ran an article accusing Hunt of being in Dallas on November 22, 1963, and of having a role in the assassination. Hunt won a libe | 8,978 | 10,000 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667859605#0_2445364842 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(Pakistan) | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan) | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Contents
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History
List of IB chiefs
Books
Periodicals
References
External links
| Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan) | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom
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Template: Infobox Government agency Intelligence Bureau ( IB) is Pakistan's main domestic intelligence and espionage agency. It is part of the Ministry of Interior of Pakistan. The IB's tasks include counter-intelligence and internal Security matters. The current Director-General is Javed Noor since 17 May, 2009. Before him, Dr Shoaib Suddle was DG IB for 10 months. Contents
1
Powers
2
History
2.1
List of IB chiefs
3
Books
3.1
Periodicals
4
References
5
External links
Powers
Although the agency has no formal arrest powers, suspects are often arrested and detained by law enforcement agencies at the request of IB officials. In 1996, the IB was granted control of government censorship programs, controlling information dissemination via mail, wire, or electronic medium. History
The existence of IB predates the creation of Pakistan, as it was a part of the pre-war Intelligence Bureau of British India, and the present day IB was created from elements given to Pakistan upon independence. | 0 | 1,184 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667859605#1_2445366481 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(Pakistan) | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan) | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Contents
Powers
History
List of IB chiefs
Books
Periodicals
References
External links
| The current Director-General is Javed Noor since 17 May, 2009. Before him, Dr Shoaib Suddle was DG IB for 10 months. Contents
1
Powers
2
History
2.1
List of IB chiefs
3
Books
3.1
Periodicals
4
References
5
External links
Powers
Although the agency has no formal arrest powers, suspects are often arrested and detained by law enforcement agencies at the request of IB officials. In 1996, the IB was granted control of government censorship programs, controlling information dissemination via mail, wire, or electronic medium. History
The existence of IB predates the creation of Pakistan, as it was a part of the pre-war Intelligence Bureau of British India, and the present day IB was created from elements given to Pakistan upon independence. It was initially the main Pakistani Agency, with responsibility for strategic and foreign intelligence, as well as counter-espionage and domestic affairs. Its performance in the 1948 war was however considered less than exemplary Template: Ref due to the fact that the pre-independence Bureau was concerned with internal security matters, and was not set up for foreign intelligence collection. As a result, after the war, a new agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), was created, and it took over the strategic and foreign intelligence roles. This is the supreme agency in Pakistan. | 440 | 1,775 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667859605#2_2445368264 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(Pakistan) | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan) | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Contents
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History
List of IB chiefs
Books
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| It was initially the main Pakistani Agency, with responsibility for strategic and foreign intelligence, as well as counter-espionage and domestic affairs. Its performance in the 1948 war was however considered less than exemplary Template: Ref due to the fact that the pre-independence Bureau was concerned with internal security matters, and was not set up for foreign intelligence collection. As a result, after the war, a new agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), was created, and it took over the strategic and foreign intelligence roles. This is the supreme agency in Pakistan. List of IB chiefs
Maj General Agha Naik Mohammad
Noor Laghari
Brig (R) Brigadier Imtiaz Ahmed, 1990 - 1993
Maj (R) Masood Sharif Khan Khattak, 1993 - November 1996
Maj Gen Rafiullah Niazi, November 1996 - September 1997
Chaudhry Manzoor Ahmed, September 1997 - August 1998
Col (R) Iqbal Niazi, August 1998 - October 1999
Maj Gen Rafiullah Niazi, October 1999 -
Maj Gen (R) Talat Munir, - October 2002
Col (R) Bashir Wali Muhammad, October 2002 - February 2004
Brig (R) Ijaz Shah, February 2004 - March 2008
Shoaib Suddle, August 2008 - May 2009
Javed Noor, May 2009 - present
Books
Jaffrelot, Christophe. A History of Pakistan and Its Origins. Translated by Gillian Beaumont. New York: Anthem Press, 2002. | 1,185 | 2,481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667859605#3_2445370008 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(Pakistan) | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan) | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Contents
Powers
History
List of IB chiefs
Books
Periodicals
References
External links
| List of IB chiefs
Maj General Agha Naik Mohammad
Noor Laghari
Brig (R) Brigadier Imtiaz Ahmed, 1990 - 1993
Maj (R) Masood Sharif Khan Khattak, 1993 - November 1996
Maj Gen Rafiullah Niazi, November 1996 - September 1997
Chaudhry Manzoor Ahmed, September 1997 - August 1998
Col (R) Iqbal Niazi, August 1998 - October 1999
Maj Gen Rafiullah Niazi, October 1999 -
Maj Gen (R) Talat Munir, - October 2002
Col (R) Bashir Wali Muhammad, October 2002 - February 2004
Brig (R) Ijaz Shah, February 2004 - March 2008
Shoaib Suddle, August 2008 - May 2009
Javed Noor, May 2009 - present
Books
Jaffrelot, Christophe. A History of Pakistan and Its Origins. Translated by Gillian Beaumont. New York: Anthem Press, 2002. Jones, Owen Bennett. Pakistan: Eye of the Storm. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002. | 1,775 | 2,574 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667859605#4_2445371253 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(Pakistan) | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan) | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Contents
Powers
History
List of IB chiefs
Books
Periodicals
References
External links
| Jones, Owen Bennett. Pakistan: Eye of the Storm. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002. Ziring, Lawrence. Pakistan in the Twentieth Century: A Political History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. | 2,481 | 2,687 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667859605#5_2445371890 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(Pakistan) | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan) | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Contents
Powers
History
List of IB chiefs
Books
Periodicals
References
External links
| Ziring, Lawrence. Pakistan in the Twentieth Century: A Political History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. Periodicals
Gauhar, Altaf. " How Intelligence Agencies Run Our Politics". The Nation. September 1997: 4. | 2,574 | 2,791 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667859605#6_2445372542 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(Pakistan) | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan) | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Contents
Powers
History
List of IB chiefs
Books
Periodicals
References
External links
| Periodicals
Gauhar, Altaf. " How Intelligence Agencies Run Our Politics". The Nation. September 1997: 4. References
↑ "Azad Kashmir IGP Javed Noor made IB chief" Daily Times, 17 May, 2009
↑ Salis bin Perwaiz. Shoaib Suddle transferred, posted as IB chief" The News, 29 July, 2008
External links
Thirteen spymasters gather to stare at each other
Former IB chiefs meet ‘secretly’ over dinner
Intelligence Bureau (IB) Joint director Zafarullah Khan saves an Agent
Pakistani Defence Overview of Intelligence
Brig (retd) Ejaz Shah
Maj (retd) Masood Sharif Khan Khattak
Template: Pakistani intelligence agencies Template: Domestic national intelligence agencies
fr: Intelligence Bureau
Retrieved from " https://intelligence.fandom.com/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_ (Pakistan)?oldid=4690 "
Categories: | 2,687 | 3,474 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667859605#7_2445373805 | http://intelligence.wikia.com/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(Pakistan) | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan) | Intelligence Wiki | Fandom | Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
Contents
Powers
History
List of IB chiefs
Books
Periodicals
References
External links
| References
↑ "Azad Kashmir IGP Javed Noor made IB chief" Daily Times, 17 May, 2009
↑ Salis bin Perwaiz. Shoaib Suddle transferred, posted as IB chief" The News, 29 July, 2008
External links
Thirteen spymasters gather to stare at each other
Former IB chiefs meet ‘secretly’ over dinner
Intelligence Bureau (IB) Joint director Zafarullah Khan saves an Agent
Pakistani Defence Overview of Intelligence
Brig (retd) Ejaz Shah
Maj (retd) Masood Sharif Khan Khattak
Template: Pakistani intelligence agencies Template: Domestic national intelligence agencies
fr: Intelligence Bureau
Retrieved from " https://intelligence.fandom.com/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_ (Pakistan)?oldid=4690 "
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667863759#0_2445375170 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/ai-introduction/history-of-artificial-intelligence.html | History Of Artificial Intelligence |
History Of Artificial Intelligence | History Of Artificial Intelligence
History Of Artificial Intelligence
November 24th, 2009 | Author: Robin
History of Artificial Intelligence began when McCulloch and Walter Pitts proposed a model of artificial neurons in 1943. Significance of this work is that each neuron is characterised as being “on” or “off”. Switching to “on” occurred when significant number of neighbouring neurons stimulated. McCulloth and Pits showed that any computable function could be computed by network of connected neurons. In 1949, Donald Hebb modified the connection strength between neurons using a simple updating rule what is known as Hebbian learning even today. Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds built the first neural network computer called SNARC in 1951. This computer used 3000 vacuum tubes and a network of 40 neurons. Alan Turing introduced the infamous Turing test, machine learning, genetic algorithms, and reinforcement learning. Artificial Intelligence was formally born in a workshop conducted by IBM at Dartmouth College in 1956. | 0 | 1,028 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667863759#1_2445376544 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/ai-introduction/history-of-artificial-intelligence.html | History Of Artificial Intelligence |
History Of Artificial Intelligence | In 1949, Donald Hebb modified the connection strength between neurons using a simple updating rule what is known as Hebbian learning even today. Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds built the first neural network computer called SNARC in 1951. This computer used 3000 vacuum tubes and a network of 40 neurons. Alan Turing introduced the infamous Turing test, machine learning, genetic algorithms, and reinforcement learning. Artificial Intelligence was formally born in a workshop conducted by IBM at Dartmouth College in 1956. Mc Carthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence. It turns out to be the greatest milestone in the history of artificial intelligence. Newell, Shaw and Simon developed a reasoning program called Logic Theorist. It was meant for automatic theorem proving which led the development of Information Processing Language, the first list-processing language. Chomsky’s theory of generative grammar influenced Natural Language Processing. | 507 | 1,460 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667863759#2_2445377817 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/ai-introduction/history-of-artificial-intelligence.html | History Of Artificial Intelligence |
History Of Artificial Intelligence | Mc Carthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence. It turns out to be the greatest milestone in the history of artificial intelligence. Newell, Shaw and Simon developed a reasoning program called Logic Theorist. It was meant for automatic theorem proving which led the development of Information Processing Language, the first list-processing language. Chomsky’s theory of generative grammar influenced Natural Language Processing. Rosenblatt invented perceptrons in 1958. John McCarthy developed LISP, an AI programming language. Newell and Simson wrote General Problem Sover (GPS) in IPL. It imitated the way humans solve the problems. In 1976, they formulated physical symbol system and claimed that it is sufficient for general intelligent action. | 1,029 | 1,780 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667863759#3_2445378889 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/ai-introduction/history-of-artificial-intelligence.html | History Of Artificial Intelligence |
History Of Artificial Intelligence | Rosenblatt invented perceptrons in 1958. John McCarthy developed LISP, an AI programming language. Newell and Simson wrote General Problem Sover (GPS) in IPL. It imitated the way humans solve the problems. In 1976, they formulated physical symbol system and claimed that it is sufficient for general intelligent action. Herbert Gelernter developed Geometry Theorem Prover. A.L.Samuel developed checkers program between 1961 and 1965. J.A.Robinson introduced a inference method, resolution in 1965. In the same period DENDRAL, the first knowledge-based expert system was developed at Stanford University by J.Laderberg, Edward Feigenbaum and Carl Djerassi. DEDNDRAL was to infer molecular structure from the information provided by a mass spectrometer. | 1,461 | 2,212 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667863759#4_2445379956 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/ai-introduction/history-of-artificial-intelligence.html | History Of Artificial Intelligence |
History Of Artificial Intelligence | Herbert Gelernter developed Geometry Theorem Prover. A.L.Samuel developed checkers program between 1961 and 1965. J.A.Robinson introduced a inference method, resolution in 1965. In the same period DENDRAL, the first knowledge-based expert system was developed at Stanford University by J.Laderberg, Edward Feigenbaum and Carl Djerassi. DEDNDRAL was to infer molecular structure from the information provided by a mass spectrometer. Feigenbaum, Buchanan and Edward Shortlife developed an expert system called MYCIN to diagnose blood infections. MYCIN used 450 rules acquired from the information given by experts. MYCIN incorporated certainty factors, a calculus of uncertainty. Posted in AI-Introduction | Tags: Artificial Intelligence, History | 1,781 | 2,525 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667866587#0_2445381016 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/ai-search/heuristic-search.html | Heuristic Search | What is Heuristic Search?
Heuristic Search
What is Heuristic Search?
Heuristic Information
Complexity Of Finding Optimal Solutions
For further study
| Heuristic Search
Heuristic Search
December 14th, 2009 | Author: Robin
What is Heuristic Search? Heuristic search is an AI search technique that employs heuristic for its moves. Heuristic is a rule of thumb that probably leads to a solution. Heuristics play a major role in search strategies because of exponential nature of the most problems. Heuristics help to reduce the number of alternatives from an exponential number to a polynomial number. In Artificial Intelligence, heuristic search has a general meaning, and a more specialized technical meaning. In a general sense, the term heuristic is used for any advice that is often effective, but is not guaranteed to work in every case. Within the heuristic search architecture, however, the term heuristic usually refers to the special case of a heuristic evaluation function. Heuristic Information
In order to solve larger problems, domain-specific knowledge must be added to improve search efficiency. | 0 | 956 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667866587#1_2445382365 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/ai-search/heuristic-search.html | Heuristic Search | What is Heuristic Search?
Heuristic Search
What is Heuristic Search?
Heuristic Information
Complexity Of Finding Optimal Solutions
For further study
| Heuristics help to reduce the number of alternatives from an exponential number to a polynomial number. In Artificial Intelligence, heuristic search has a general meaning, and a more specialized technical meaning. In a general sense, the term heuristic is used for any advice that is often effective, but is not guaranteed to work in every case. Within the heuristic search architecture, however, the term heuristic usually refers to the special case of a heuristic evaluation function. Heuristic Information
In order to solve larger problems, domain-specific knowledge must be added to improve search efficiency. Information about the problem include the nature of states, cost of transforming from one state to another, and characteristics of the goals. This information can often be expressed in the form of heuristic evaluation function, say f (n,g), a function of the nodes n and/or the goals g.
Following is a list of heuristic search techniques. Pure Heuristic Search
A* algorithm
Iterative-Deepening A*
Depth-First Branch-And-Bound
Heuristic Path Algorithm
Recursive Best-First Search
Complexity Of Finding Optimal Solutions
The time complexity of a heuristic search algorithm depends on the accuracy of the heuristic function. For example, if the heuristic evaluation function is an exact estimator, then A* search algorithm runs in linear time, expanding only those nodes on an optimal solution path. Conversely, with a heuristic that returns zero everywhere, A* algorithm becomes uniform-cost search, which has exponential complexity. | 343 | 1,888 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667866587#2_2445384311 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/ai-search/heuristic-search.html | Heuristic Search | What is Heuristic Search?
Heuristic Search
What is Heuristic Search?
Heuristic Information
Complexity Of Finding Optimal Solutions
For further study
| Information about the problem include the nature of states, cost of transforming from one state to another, and characteristics of the goals. This information can often be expressed in the form of heuristic evaluation function, say f (n,g), a function of the nodes n and/or the goals g.
Following is a list of heuristic search techniques. Pure Heuristic Search
A* algorithm
Iterative-Deepening A*
Depth-First Branch-And-Bound
Heuristic Path Algorithm
Recursive Best-First Search
Complexity Of Finding Optimal Solutions
The time complexity of a heuristic search algorithm depends on the accuracy of the heuristic function. For example, if the heuristic evaluation function is an exact estimator, then A* search algorithm runs in linear time, expanding only those nodes on an optimal solution path. Conversely, with a heuristic that returns zero everywhere, A* algorithm becomes uniform-cost search, which has exponential complexity. In general, the time complexity of A* search and IDA* search is an exponential function of the error in the heuristic function. For example, if the heuristic has constant absolute error, meaning that it never underestimates by more than a constant amount regardless of the magnitude of the estimate, then the running time of A* is linear with respect to the solution cost. A more realistic assumption is constant relative error, which means that the error is a fixed percentage of the quantity being estimated. The base of the exponent, however, is smaller than the brute-force branching factor, reducing the asymptotic complexity and allowing larger problems to be solved. For example, using appropriate heuristic functions, IDA* can optimally solve random instance of the twenty-four puzzle and Rubik’s Cube. | 957 | 2,699 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667866587#3_2445386458 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/ai-search/heuristic-search.html | Heuristic Search | What is Heuristic Search?
Heuristic Search
What is Heuristic Search?
Heuristic Information
Complexity Of Finding Optimal Solutions
For further study
| In general, the time complexity of A* search and IDA* search is an exponential function of the error in the heuristic function. For example, if the heuristic has constant absolute error, meaning that it never underestimates by more than a constant amount regardless of the magnitude of the estimate, then the running time of A* is linear with respect to the solution cost. A more realistic assumption is constant relative error, which means that the error is a fixed percentage of the quantity being estimated. The base of the exponent, however, is smaller than the brute-force branching factor, reducing the asymptotic complexity and allowing larger problems to be solved. For example, using appropriate heuristic functions, IDA* can optimally solve random instance of the twenty-four puzzle and Rubik’s Cube. For further study
Incremental Heuristic Search
Brute Force Search
Two-Player Games Search
Interleaving Search
AI Search Techniques
Posted in AI Search | Tags: heuristic search techniques, Search | 1,888 | 2,894 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667869848#0_2445387867 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/expert-systems-articles/rule-based-expert-systems.html | Rule Based Expert Systems | Elements of a rule based expert system
Rule Based Expert Systems
Elements of a rule based expert system
User Interface
Explanation facility
Working memory
Inference Engine
Agenda
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Related Articles
| Rule Based Expert Systems
Rule Based Expert Systems
November 1st, 2010 | Author: Robin
Rules are the popular paradigm for representing knowledge. A rule based expert system is one whose knowledge base contains the domain knowledge coded in the form of rules. Elements of a rule based expert system
A rule based expert system consists of the following components: User Interface
This is a mechanism to support communication between and the system. The user interface may be a simple text-oriented display or a sophisticated, high resolution display. It is determined at the time of designing the system. Nowadays graphical user interfaces are very common for their user-friendliness. Explanation facility
It explains the user about the reasoning process of the system. By keeping track of the rules that are fired, an explanation facility presents a chain of reasoning that led to a certain conclusion. | 0 | 901 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667869848#1_2445389318 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/expert-systems-articles/rule-based-expert-systems.html | Rule Based Expert Systems | Elements of a rule based expert system
Rule Based Expert Systems
Elements of a rule based expert system
User Interface
Explanation facility
Working memory
Inference Engine
Agenda
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Related Articles
| The user interface may be a simple text-oriented display or a sophisticated, high resolution display. It is determined at the time of designing the system. Nowadays graphical user interfaces are very common for their user-friendliness. Explanation facility
It explains the user about the reasoning process of the system. By keeping track of the rules that are fired, an explanation facility presents a chain of reasoning that led to a certain conclusion. So explanation facility is also called justifier. This feature makes a huge difference between expert systems and other conventional systems. almost all the commercial expert system shells do trace based explanation, that is, explaining the inferencing on a specific input data set. Some systems explain the knowledge base itself, and some explain the control strategy as well. Working memory
This is a database used to store collection of facts which will later be used by the rules. | 447 | 1,386 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667869848#2_2445390806 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/expert-systems-articles/rule-based-expert-systems.html | Rule Based Expert Systems | Elements of a rule based expert system
Rule Based Expert Systems
Elements of a rule based expert system
User Interface
Explanation facility
Working memory
Inference Engine
Agenda
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Related Articles
| So explanation facility is also called justifier. This feature makes a huge difference between expert systems and other conventional systems. almost all the commercial expert system shells do trace based explanation, that is, explaining the inferencing on a specific input data set. Some systems explain the knowledge base itself, and some explain the control strategy as well. Working memory
This is a database used to store collection of facts which will later be used by the rules. More effort may go into the design and implementation of the user interface than in the expert system knowledge base. Working memory is used by the inference engine to get facts and match them against the rules. The facts may be added to the working memory by applying some rules. Inference Engine
As the name implies the inference engine makes inferences. It decides which rules are satisfied by the facts, prioritizes them, and executes the rule with the highest priority. | 902 | 1,861 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667869848#3_2445392314 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/expert-systems-articles/rule-based-expert-systems.html | Rule Based Expert Systems | Elements of a rule based expert system
Rule Based Expert Systems
Elements of a rule based expert system
User Interface
Explanation facility
Working memory
Inference Engine
Agenda
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Related Articles
| More effort may go into the design and implementation of the user interface than in the expert system knowledge base. Working memory is used by the inference engine to get facts and match them against the rules. The facts may be added to the working memory by applying some rules. Inference Engine
As the name implies the inference engine makes inferences. It decides which rules are satisfied by the facts, prioritizes them, and executes the rule with the highest priority. There are two types of inference: forward chaining and backward chaining. Forward chaining is reasoning from facts to the conclusion while backward chaining is from hypothesis to the facts that support this hypothesis. Whether an inference engine performs forward chining or backward chaining entirely depends on the design which in turn depends on the type of problem. Some of the systems that do forward chaining are OPS5 and CLIPS. | 1,387 | 2,296 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667869848#4_2445393772 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/expert-systems-articles/rule-based-expert-systems.html | Rule Based Expert Systems | Elements of a rule based expert system
Rule Based Expert Systems
Elements of a rule based expert system
User Interface
Explanation facility
Working memory
Inference Engine
Agenda
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Related Articles
| There are two types of inference: forward chaining and backward chaining. Forward chaining is reasoning from facts to the conclusion while backward chaining is from hypothesis to the facts that support this hypothesis. Whether an inference engine performs forward chining or backward chaining entirely depends on the design which in turn depends on the type of problem. Some of the systems that do forward chaining are OPS5 and CLIPS. EMYCIN one of the most popular systems performs backward chining. Some systems, ART and KEE, for example, offer both the techniques. Forward chaining is best suited for prognosis, monitoring and control. Backward chaining is generally used for diagnostic problems. Inference engine operates in cycles, executing a group of tasks until certain criteria causes that halt the execution. | 1,862 | 2,680 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667869848#5_2445395138 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/expert-systems-articles/rule-based-expert-systems.html | Rule Based Expert Systems | Elements of a rule based expert system
Rule Based Expert Systems
Elements of a rule based expert system
User Interface
Explanation facility
Working memory
Inference Engine
Agenda
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Related Articles
| EMYCIN one of the most popular systems performs backward chining. Some systems, ART and KEE, for example, offer both the techniques. Forward chaining is best suited for prognosis, monitoring and control. Backward chaining is generally used for diagnostic problems. Inference engine operates in cycles, executing a group of tasks until certain criteria causes that halt the execution. The taks to be done repeatedly are conflict resolution, act, match and check for halt. Multiple rules may be activated and put on the agenda during one cycle. Agenda
Inference engine prepares a priotorized list of rules called agenda. The rules in the list must be satisfied by the facts in the working memory. When the inference engine notices a fact that satisfies the pattern in the condition part of the rule then it adds the rule to the agenda. | 2,297 | 3,130 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667869848#6_2445396520 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/expert-systems-articles/rule-based-expert-systems.html | Rule Based Expert Systems | Elements of a rule based expert system
Rule Based Expert Systems
Elements of a rule based expert system
User Interface
Explanation facility
Working memory
Inference Engine
Agenda
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Related Articles
| The taks to be done repeatedly are conflict resolution, act, match and check for halt. Multiple rules may be activated and put on the agenda during one cycle. Agenda
Inference engine prepares a priotorized list of rules called agenda. The rules in the list must be satisfied by the facts in the working memory. When the inference engine notices a fact that satisfies the pattern in the condition part of the rule then it adds the rule to the agenda. If a rule has mulitple patterns then all of its patterns must be satisfied to get place in the agend. In a condition a>b and b>c, for example, both a>b and b>c must be satisfied. A rule whose patterns are satisfied is said to be activated or instantiated. When there is more than one activated rule in the agenda then the inference engine has to select one rule, based on priority or on other factors, for firing. Rule based expert systems are built using refraction to prevent trivial loops. | 2,681 | 3,623 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667869848#7_2445398011 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/expert-systems-articles/rule-based-expert-systems.html | Rule Based Expert Systems | Elements of a rule based expert system
Rule Based Expert Systems
Elements of a rule based expert system
User Interface
Explanation facility
Working memory
Inference Engine
Agenda
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Related Articles
| If a rule has mulitple patterns then all of its patterns must be satisfied to get place in the agend. In a condition a>b and b>c, for example, both a>b and b>c must be satisfied. A rule whose patterns are satisfied is said to be activated or instantiated. When there is more than one activated rule in the agenda then the inference engine has to select one rule, based on priority or on other factors, for firing. Rule based expert systems are built using refraction to prevent trivial loops. That is a rule which is fired on a fact will not be fired again and again on the same fact. To implement this feature OPS5 uses a unique identifier called timetag. Then-part of the rule contains actions to be executed when the rule fires. Some of the actions are addition of facts to the working memory, removal of facts from the working memory and printing results. Agenda conflict occurs when different activations have the same priority. | 3,131 | 4,064 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667869848#8_2445399492 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/expert-systems-articles/rule-based-expert-systems.html | Rule Based Expert Systems | Elements of a rule based expert system
Rule Based Expert Systems
Elements of a rule based expert system
User Interface
Explanation facility
Working memory
Inference Engine
Agenda
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Related Articles
| That is a rule which is fired on a fact will not be fired again and again on the same fact. To implement this feature OPS5 uses a unique identifier called timetag. Then-part of the rule contains actions to be executed when the rule fires. Some of the actions are addition of facts to the working memory, removal of facts from the working memory and printing results. Agenda conflict occurs when different activations have the same priority. Agenda conflict is tackled by strategies such as first come first execute, assigning default priority, and so on. Knowledge Acquisition Facility
This allows the user to enter knowledge in the system thereby avoiding the need of knowledge engineer explicitly code the knowledge. It is an optional feature on many expert systems. Simple rules can be created using rule induction. In rule based expert systems, knowledge base is also called production memory as rules in the form of if-then are called productions. | 3,624 | 4,576 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667869848#9_2445400993 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/expert-systems-articles/rule-based-expert-systems.html | Rule Based Expert Systems | Elements of a rule based expert system
Rule Based Expert Systems
Elements of a rule based expert system
User Interface
Explanation facility
Working memory
Inference Engine
Agenda
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Related Articles
| Agenda conflict is tackled by strategies such as first come first execute, assigning default priority, and so on. Knowledge Acquisition Facility
This allows the user to enter knowledge in the system thereby avoiding the need of knowledge engineer explicitly code the knowledge. It is an optional feature on many expert systems. Simple rules can be created using rule induction. In rule based expert systems, knowledge base is also called production memory as rules in the form of if-then are called productions. Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Modular nature: This allows encapsulating knowledge and expansion of the expert system done in a a easy way. Explanation facilities: Rules make it easy to build explanation facilities. By keeping track of the rules that are fired, an explanation facility can present a chain of reasoning that led to a certain conclusion. | 4,065 | 4,938 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667869848#10_2445402416 | http://intelligence.worldofcomputing.net/expert-systems-articles/rule-based-expert-systems.html | Rule Based Expert Systems | Elements of a rule based expert system
Rule Based Expert Systems
Elements of a rule based expert system
User Interface
Explanation facility
Working memory
Inference Engine
Agenda
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Related Articles
| Advantages of Rule based Expert Systems
Modular nature: This allows encapsulating knowledge and expansion of the expert system done in a a easy way. Explanation facilities: Rules make it easy to build explanation facilities. By keeping track of the rules that are fired, an explanation facility can present a chain of reasoning that led to a certain conclusion. Similarity to the human cognitive process: Newel and Simon have showed that rules are the natural way of modeling how humans solve problems. Rules make it easy to explain the structure of knowledge to the experts. Related Articles
Expert Systems
Artifical Intelligence
Posted in Expert Systems Articles | Tags: Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, rule, rule based | 4,576 | 5,307 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667875674#0_2445403699 | http://intelligencecommunitynews.com/tag/fbi/ | FBI Archives | Intelligence Community News | Telos wins FBI enterprise risk mgmt contract
Telos wins FBI enterprise risk mgmt contract
US stands up Cyber Unified Coordination Group
FBI, CISA, ODNI issue statement on cyberattack
NSA, FBI warn of previously undisclosed Russian malware
FBI extends PALMS RFI deadline
FBI posts PALMS RFI
FBI seeks enterprise architecture, project and portfolio mgmt tool
Jacobs wins FBI contracts
FBI posts RFI for media analytics platform
ECS wins prime position on FBI cybersecurity contract
| FBI Archives | Intelligence Community News
Contract Awards
February 4, 2021
Telos wins FBI enterprise risk mgmt contract
On February 3, Ashburn, VA-based Telos Corporation announced that it was awarded a contract valued at approximately $13.5 million, including options,…
Read more
Intel Agencies
January 6, 2021
US stands up Cyber Unified Coordination Group
On behalf of President Trump, the National Security Council staff has stood up a task force construct known as the…
Read more
Intel Agencies
December 18, 2020
FBI, CISA, ODNI issue statement on cyberattack
On December 16, the the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and the Office…
Read more
Intel Agencies
August 17, 2020
NSA, FBI warn of previously undisclosed Russian malware
On August 13, the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) released a new Cybersecurity Advisory about previously…
Read more
Biz Opps
January 9, 2020
FBI extends PALMS RFI deadline
On January 9, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation posted a notice extending the response date for its Professional Administration,…
Read more
Biz Opps
December 9, 2019
FBI posts PALMS RFI
On December 6, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) posted a request for information for the Professional Administration, Logistics, and…
Read more
Biz Opps
July 26, 2019
FBI seeks enterprise architecture, project and portfolio mgmt tool
On July 23, the Federal Bureau of Investigation posted a request for information for enterprise software applications for IT architecture…
Read more
Contract Awards
April 11, 2019
Jacobs wins FBI contracts
Jacobs of Dallas, TX announced on April 10 that it was selected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to…
Read more
Biz Opps
March 28, 2019
FBI posts RFI for media analytics platform
On March 27, the Federal Bureau of Investigation posted a request for information for a media analytics platform. Responses are…
Read more
Contract Awards
February 22, 2019
ECS wins prime position on FBI cybersecurity contract
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has named Fairfax, VA-based ECS the prime awardee of a $38 million contract to manage the Bureau’s Cybersecurity…
Read more
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#0_2445406805 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
If there was ever a time to get into the IT security field, it’s now: The Bureau of Labor Statistics expects the sector to grow 18 percent by 2024, and according to a survey by the Ponemon Institute, demand for talent so outweighs supply that 40 percent of IT security positions are expected to go unfulfilled in 2014. The pay isn’t bad, either: the average information security analyst in the U.S. makes over $96,040 per year. One of the most in-demand positions in this field is that of an ethical hacker—an IT professional who purposefully penetrates networks and systems to find and fix potential vulnerabilities. If you’re looking to put on your “white hat” and infiltrate systems for good, this position can be a great career opportunity. Depending on your experience and skills, you can earn over $100,000 per year. To help job seekers learn what’s involved in becoming an ethical hacker and the responsibilities of the position, we spoke with IT security professionals, instructors and certified hackers themselves. Here, we highlight the skills and certifications needed to rise to the top of the talent pool. What Is an Ethical Hacker? | 0 | 1,221 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#1_2445408669 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| If you’re looking to put on your “white hat” and infiltrate systems for good, this position can be a great career opportunity. Depending on your experience and skills, you can earn over $100,000 per year. To help job seekers learn what’s involved in becoming an ethical hacker and the responsibilities of the position, we spoke with IT security professionals, instructors and certified hackers themselves. Here, we highlight the skills and certifications needed to rise to the top of the talent pool. What Is an Ethical Hacker? Ethical hackers are responsible for examining internal servers and systems to discover any possible vulnerabilities to external cyber attacks. Common job functions include conducting “pentests” (purposeful penetration tests to discover security weaknesses in a system) by using software applications such as Metasploit and BackBox Linux. According to Damon Petraglia, director of forensic and information security services at Chartstone Consulting, other ethical hacker responsibilities include: Providing recommendations on how to mitigate vulnerabilities; Working with developers to advise on security needs and requirements; | 694 | 1,849 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#2_2445410462 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| Ethical hackers are responsible for examining internal servers and systems to discover any possible vulnerabilities to external cyber attacks. Common job functions include conducting “pentests” (purposeful penetration tests to discover security weaknesses in a system) by using software applications such as Metasploit and BackBox Linux. According to Damon Petraglia, director of forensic and information security services at Chartstone Consulting, other ethical hacker responsibilities include: Providing recommendations on how to mitigate vulnerabilities; Working with developers to advise on security needs and requirements; Updating security policies and procedures; and,
Providing training as part of a company’s security awareness and training program. What Are the Job Requirements? A typical entry-level ethical hacker job posting reveals that a bachelor’s degree in computer science or a related work field is a must. Beyond that, security certifications can be extremely beneficial in proving you have the requisite knowledge for the job. | 1,221 | 2,270 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#3_2445412140 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| Updating security policies and procedures; and,
Providing training as part of a company’s security awareness and training program. What Are the Job Requirements? A typical entry-level ethical hacker job posting reveals that a bachelor’s degree in computer science or a related work field is a must. Beyond that, security certifications can be extremely beneficial in proving you have the requisite knowledge for the job. One survey found that 81 percent of security professionals believe getting certified was a key factor in the decision to hire them. While many IT security certifications exist, the three main ones for ethical hackers are: Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH)
GIAC (Global Information Assurance Certification) Penetration Tester (GPEN)
Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP)
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
If you’re looking to get started as an ethical hacker, the CEH certification, the broadest of the three, may be right for you. Offered by the EC-Council, the CEH certification is designed to give IT security professionals a baseline knowledge of security threats, risks and countermeasures through lectures and hands-on labs. | 1,849 | 3,030 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#4_2445413949 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| One survey found that 81 percent of security professionals believe getting certified was a key factor in the decision to hire them. While many IT security certifications exist, the three main ones for ethical hackers are: Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH)
GIAC (Global Information Assurance Certification) Penetration Tester (GPEN)
Offensive Security Certified Professional (OSCP)
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
If you’re looking to get started as an ethical hacker, the CEH certification, the broadest of the three, may be right for you. Offered by the EC-Council, the CEH certification is designed to give IT security professionals a baseline knowledge of security threats, risks and countermeasures through lectures and hands-on labs. According to Paul Coggin, a certified EC-Council instructor, it’s recommended that students who enroll in the course have a background in “Windows and Linux systems administration skills, and are familiar with TCP/IP [the core Internet protocol] and virtualization [creating a virtual version of a hardware or software platform].” If you plan on skipping the classes and taking the exam without training, you’ll need to submit proof that you have at least two years of experience in IT security. A big benefit with the CEH certification is flexibility: there are options for self-study, video lectures you can watch at your own pace and instructor-led lessons you can take online. The EC-Council even provides the option of bringing training to your business or organization. | 2,271 | 3,806 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#5_2445416122 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| According to Paul Coggin, a certified EC-Council instructor, it’s recommended that students who enroll in the course have a background in “Windows and Linux systems administration skills, and are familiar with TCP/IP [the core Internet protocol] and virtualization [creating a virtual version of a hardware or software platform].” If you plan on skipping the classes and taking the exam without training, you’ll need to submit proof that you have at least two years of experience in IT security. A big benefit with the CEH certification is flexibility: there are options for self-study, video lectures you can watch at your own pace and instructor-led lessons you can take online. The EC-Council even provides the option of bringing training to your business or organization. Upgrades for physical courseware, additional practice exams and tablet usage are also available. Instructor-led lessons take place from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. over the course of five days, and students can access online labs for up to six months. The latest version of the test consists of 125 multiple-choice questions. Students have four hours to complete the exam and must receive a score of at least 70 percent to receive the certification. The cost of the CEH depends on the level of instruction needed: | 3,030 | 4,309 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#6_2445418029 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| Upgrades for physical courseware, additional practice exams and tablet usage are also available. Instructor-led lessons take place from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. over the course of five days, and students can access online labs for up to six months. The latest version of the test consists of 125 multiple-choice questions. Students have four hours to complete the exam and must receive a score of at least 70 percent to receive the certification. The cost of the CEH depends on the level of instruction needed: it ranges from $825 for the basic self-study coursework all the way up to $2,895 for instructor-led courses, online lab access, a test voucher and a test prep program. If you don’t buy the voucher, the test itself costs $500, and all students must pay a $100 application fee. What You’ll Learn
The CEH certification provides the most general knowledge of the three highlighted here. “ It’s not focused on a specific software product, technology or skill domain,” Coggin explains. “ It provides a broad survey of various domains in computer security.” | 3,807 | 4,858 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#7_2445419727 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| it ranges from $825 for the basic self-study coursework all the way up to $2,895 for instructor-led courses, online lab access, a test voucher and a test prep program. If you don’t buy the voucher, the test itself costs $500, and all students must pay a $100 application fee. What You’ll Learn
The CEH certification provides the most general knowledge of the three highlighted here. “ It’s not focused on a specific software product, technology or skill domain,” Coggin explains. “ It provides a broad survey of various domains in computer security.” To this end, the course covers everything from how to scan networks and identify basic viruses to hijacking web servers and penetration testing. According to James Conrad, a 20-year IT security professional who teaches a video series for CBT Nuggets on the CEH certification, students will also learn how to “crack passwords, use steganography [hiding information to get it through security measures], create remote access trojans, perform denial of service (DoS) attacks and hack wireless networks, among many other skills.” Another big focus of the course is understanding social engineering, or the process of manipulating individuals to gain personal information or infiltrate computer systems. In today’s world, where social media has led to growing interactions between humans and technology, Conrad says social engineering is a vital skill to learn in order to stay ahead of potential threats. According to Brian Brock, chief information officer at Nivsys who became CEH certified last year, the course also includes a heavy focus on the RAPID7 suite of tools (one of which is the aforementioned Metasploit), which enable ethical hackers to complete comprehensive pentests, from initial scanning to final analysis and planning. | 4,310 | 6,093 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#8_2445422172 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| To this end, the course covers everything from how to scan networks and identify basic viruses to hijacking web servers and penetration testing. According to James Conrad, a 20-year IT security professional who teaches a video series for CBT Nuggets on the CEH certification, students will also learn how to “crack passwords, use steganography [hiding information to get it through security measures], create remote access trojans, perform denial of service (DoS) attacks and hack wireless networks, among many other skills.” Another big focus of the course is understanding social engineering, or the process of manipulating individuals to gain personal information or infiltrate computer systems. In today’s world, where social media has led to growing interactions between humans and technology, Conrad says social engineering is a vital skill to learn in order to stay ahead of potential threats. According to Brian Brock, chief information officer at Nivsys who became CEH certified last year, the course also includes a heavy focus on the RAPID7 suite of tools (one of which is the aforementioned Metasploit), which enable ethical hackers to complete comprehensive pentests, from initial scanning to final analysis and planning. The Benefits
The greatest value the CEH certification holds is being able to put it on your resume. When it comes to getting a job as an ethical hacker, “CEH is the original standard,” says Albert Whale, president and chief security officer at IT Security, Inc. Petraglia agrees, and says it’s “probably the best recognized” of the three certifications. According to PayScale, median pay for CEH-certified professionals is as follows: However, as some bloggers have noted, the certification has its caveats. The course is heavy on text and video instruction, without a lot of hands-on practice. | 4,858 | 6,688 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#9_2445424651 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| The Benefits
The greatest value the CEH certification holds is being able to put it on your resume. When it comes to getting a job as an ethical hacker, “CEH is the original standard,” says Albert Whale, president and chief security officer at IT Security, Inc. Petraglia agrees, and says it’s “probably the best recognized” of the three certifications. According to PayScale, median pay for CEH-certified professionals is as follows: However, as some bloggers have noted, the certification has its caveats. The course is heavy on text and video instruction, without a lot of hands-on practice. Another complaint is that material is outdated and too simple to be useful for day-to-day use. “The certification is great to have, and it looks amazing on a resume,” says Christian Crank, a security researcher at TrainACE who took the course five months ago. “ But the book that’s used is poorly assembled: it’s essentially a collection of PowerPoint slides and doesn’t elaborate on what needs to be taught.” Homer Minnick, director of the Cybersecurity Academy at UMBC Training Centers agrees, saying that most CEH courses “don’t provide an adequate amount of hands-on application.” | 6,093 | 7,272 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#10_2445426515 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| Another complaint is that material is outdated and too simple to be useful for day-to-day use. “The certification is great to have, and it looks amazing on a resume,” says Christian Crank, a security researcher at TrainACE who took the course five months ago. “ But the book that’s used is poorly assembled: it’s essentially a collection of PowerPoint slides and doesn’t elaborate on what needs to be taught.” Homer Minnick, director of the Cybersecurity Academy at UMBC Training Centers agrees, saying that most CEH courses “don’t provide an adequate amount of hands-on application.” Summary: If you’re looking to break into the field of ethical hacking, the CEH certification offers a great opportunity to get ahead of other applicants, but don’t expect to learn everything you need to know from the course materials alone. GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
For those looking to learn the complete ins and outs of being an ethical hacker, there’s the SEC560 course on Network Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking from the SANS Institute, which many people enroll in prior to taking the GPEN certification test. As author and lead instructor of the course Ed Skoudis explains, SEC560 is “a comprehensive course on penetration testing—end to end.” | 6,689 | 7,957 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#11_2445428475 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| Summary: If you’re looking to break into the field of ethical hacking, the CEH certification offers a great opportunity to get ahead of other applicants, but don’t expect to learn everything you need to know from the course materials alone. GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
For those looking to learn the complete ins and outs of being an ethical hacker, there’s the SEC560 course on Network Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking from the SANS Institute, which many people enroll in prior to taking the GPEN certification test. As author and lead instructor of the course Ed Skoudis explains, SEC560 is “a comprehensive course on penetration testing—end to end.” While the SEC560 course is recommended, it’s not required to take the test for GPEN certification. There are no steadfast prerequisites, but it’s recommended that students have a basic understanding of different types of cryptography (transforming information to keep it secure), Windows, Linux and TCP/IP. Should you need it, there are also optional “refresher” tutorials available on the first day of class. You can take the SEC560 course in-person or online through live training or on-demand lessons. Whatever path you choose, it’s not cheap: | 7,272 | 8,504 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#12_2445430372 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| While the SEC560 course is recommended, it’s not required to take the test for GPEN certification. There are no steadfast prerequisites, but it’s recommended that students have a basic understanding of different types of cryptography (transforming information to keep it secure), Windows, Linux and TCP/IP. Should you need it, there are also optional “refresher” tutorials available on the first day of class. You can take the SEC560 course in-person or online through live training or on-demand lessons. Whatever path you choose, it’s not cheap: online training is $5,095, but includes access to the online labs. In-person training, on the other hand, is $4,695, but you’ll need to pay an extra $599 to get access to the online labs. Regardless of which route you take, you’ll also have to spend $599 to take the GPEN certification test. Should you choose to skip the course and go straight for certification, the cost of the test rises to $1,049. The open book exam consists of 115 multiple choice questions. | 7,957 | 8,968 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#13_2445432027 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| online training is $5,095, but includes access to the online labs. In-person training, on the other hand, is $4,695, but you’ll need to pay an extra $599 to get access to the online labs. Regardless of which route you take, you’ll also have to spend $599 to take the GPEN certification test. Should you choose to skip the course and go straight for certification, the cost of the test rises to $1,049. The open book exam consists of 115 multiple choice questions. You must complete it within three hours and score at least a 74 percent to receive certification. What You’ll Learn
Through over 30 labs (and a final, team-based “capture the flag” event), students will get hands-on experience in every facet of pentesting, from detailed reconnaissance and scanning to writing a perfect penetration testing report from a management and technical perspective. “The focus of the class is to learn how to do penetration tests that have high business value,” Skoudis explains. “ We teach technical excellence so it has real business impact. The goal is to get you ready to do a comprehensive pentest.” | 8,505 | 9,598 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_01_1667878729#14_2445433777 | http://intelligent-defense.softwareadvice.com/how-to-get-an-ethical-hacker-job-0714/ | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker | How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
How to Get a Job as an Ethical Hacker
What Is an Ethical Hacker?
What Are the Job Requirements?
CEH: The Most Basic and Widely Recognized Certification
GPEN: A More Comprehensive, yet Costly Certification
OSCP: The Lesser-Known, More Technical Certification
Which Certification Should I Get?
| You must complete it within three hours and score at least a 74 percent to receive certification. What You’ll Learn
Through over 30 labs (and a final, team-based “capture the flag” event), students will get hands-on experience in every facet of pentesting, from detailed reconnaissance and scanning to writing a perfect penetration testing report from a management and technical perspective. “The focus of the class is to learn how to do penetration tests that have high business value,” Skoudis explains. “ We teach technical excellence so it has real business impact. The goal is to get you ready to do a comprehensive pentest.” Coursework is completed through a Linux distribution that every student receives, which contains Metasploit tools along with free open-source software, such as the password-breaker John the Ripper. According to Skoudis, the course only uses “the most widely-used and best tools available.” The SEC560 course also teaches IT professionals how to look at business platforms from the mindset of a hacker. | 8,969 | 10,000 |
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Duffield1
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Can you overdose on sugar? « on: 30 September, 2009, 11:39:02 AM »
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How much sugar would I have to eat in one sitting to make myself ill (not sick, but severely affecting my body's functions)? | 676 | 1,117 |
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Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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Can you overdose on sugar? « on: 30 September, 2009, 11:39:02 AM »
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How much sugar would I have to eat in one sitting to make myself ill (not sick, but severely affecting my body's functions)? I am always intrigued that too much water can kill you, so wondered if sugar can, too (for non-diabetics) - or if, in fact, sugar is healthier than water! Logged
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Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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| I am always intrigued that too much water can kill you, so wondered if sugar can, too (for non-diabetics) - or if, in fact, sugar is healthier than water! Logged
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #1 on: 30 September, 2009, 12:01:05 PM »
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Too much of anything will harm you, I seem to recall. | 1,117 | 1,612 |
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Author Topic: Can you overdose on sugar? (Read 24361 times)
Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #1 on: 30 September, 2009, 12:01:05 PM »
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Too much of anything will harm you, I seem to recall. Too much sugar will probably mess with insulin production and will, over time, turn you into a diabetic. It will also suppress your immune system: http://www.askdrsears.com/html/4/T045000.asp#T045007
I think the diabetic thing is linked to a knobbled pancreas - but my biology is rather a weak topic
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Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| Too much sugar will probably mess with insulin production and will, over time, turn you into a diabetic. It will also suppress your immune system: http://www.askdrsears.com/html/4/T045000.asp#T045007
I think the diabetic thing is linked to a knobbled pancreas - but my biology is rather a weak topic
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Yes, yes, very nice. Now put it away. Re: | 1,612 | 2,115 |
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Author Topic: Can you overdose on sugar? (Read 24361 times)
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Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
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Yes, yes, very nice. Now put it away. Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #2 on: 30 September, 2009, 12:10:32 PM »
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I've had a bit of a trawl about, and it won't do anything instantly (as you say, apart from the vomity thing) so in that way it's less dangerous than water, but it can play havoc with your insulin production as that fights with your blood sugar levels to bring them down, once accomplished they may lower sufficiently that you then want more sweet things and so the old roller coaster type thing starts...too much of that and you're in type 2 diabetes territory. Bit of info about diabetes here and also lets you know that insulin's made in the islets of Langerhans in yer jolly old pancreas http://www.rch.org.au/diabetesmanual/manual.cfm?doc_id=2729
This is why after a Chinese takeaway you want another one...your insulin swarms in and reduces your blood sugar so far in comparison to how it was after you'd just eaten you're left wanting to build up the supply again - no source for that one it's a DAMHIKIJD. « Last Edit: | 2,042 | 3,124 |
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Author Topic: Can you overdose on sugar? (Read 24361 times)
Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #2 on: 30 September, 2009, 12:10:32 PM »
Quote
I've had a bit of a trawl about, and it won't do anything instantly (as you say, apart from the vomity thing) so in that way it's less dangerous than water, but it can play havoc with your insulin production as that fights with your blood sugar levels to bring them down, once accomplished they may lower sufficiently that you then want more sweet things and so the old roller coaster type thing starts...too much of that and you're in type 2 diabetes territory. Bit of info about diabetes here and also lets you know that insulin's made in the islets of Langerhans in yer jolly old pancreas http://www.rch.org.au/diabetesmanual/manual.cfm?doc_id=2729
This is why after a Chinese takeaway you want another one...your insulin swarms in and reduces your blood sugar so far in comparison to how it was after you'd just eaten you're left wanting to build up the supply again - no source for that one it's a DAMHIKIJD. « Last Edit: 30 September, 2009, 12:13:44 PM by Hiheels »
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Author Topic: Can you overdose on sugar? (Read 24361 times)
Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #3 on: 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM »
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sugar? sugar! sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | 3,125 | 3,697 |
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Author Topic: Can you overdose on sugar? (Read 24361 times)
Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #3 on: 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM »
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sugar? sugar! sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Logged
of all the things i've lost, i miss my chocolate the most...
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Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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of all the things i've lost, i miss my chocolate the most...
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #4 on: 30 September, 2009, 03:36:52 PM »
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Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
sugar? | 3,697 | 4,105 |
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Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
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siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
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Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #4 on: 30 September, 2009, 03:36:52 PM »
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Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
sugar? sugar! sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! and that clearly illustrates the impact of the withdrawal symptoms after such an overdose should anyone nearby mention that word within earshot...
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Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
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antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| sugar! sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar
sugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugarsugar!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! and that clearly illustrates the impact of the withdrawal symptoms after such an overdose should anyone nearby mention that word within earshot...
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #5 on: 01 October, 2009, 07:52:14 AM »
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Apparently it messes with your immune system - though unless your already ill with some bacterial/viral thing you probable wont notice anything in that line. | 4,105 | 4,896 |
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Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #5 on: 01 October, 2009, 07:52:14 AM »
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Apparently it messes with your immune system - though unless your already ill with some bacterial/viral thing you probable wont notice anything in that line. "An overdose of sugar. Eating or drinking 100 grams (8 tbsp.) of sugar, the equivalent of two- and-a-half 12-ounce cans of soda, can reduce the ability of white blood cells to kill germs by 40 percent. The immune-suppressing effect of sugar starts less than thirty minutes after ingestion and may last for five hours. In contrast, the ingestion of complex carbohydrates, or starches, has no effect on the immune system. " | 4,635 | 5,318 |
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| "An overdose of sugar. Eating or drinking 100 grams (8 tbsp.) of sugar, the equivalent of two- and-a-half 12-ounce cans of soda, can reduce the ability of white blood cells to kill germs by 40 percent. The immune-suppressing effect of sugar starts less than thirty minutes after ingestion and may last for five hours. In contrast, the ingestion of complex carbohydrates, or starches, has no effect on the immune system. " http://www.askdrsears.com/html/4/T045000.asp
Then there is the thing of making you hyper Joy Joy Joy Joy
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"We're all bankers now!" Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #6 on: 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM »
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An interesting digression - there are many types of sugar (sucrose,glucose, fructose etc.) one of which, mannose, is found in the sap of the Flowering Ash [Manna Ash] tree and is so named as it is believed to be the "manna from heaven" which features in the Old Testament of the Holy Bible. | 5,318 | 5,955 |
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #6 on: 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM »
Quote
An interesting digression - there are many types of sugar (sucrose,glucose, fructose etc.) one of which, mannose, is found in the sap of the Flowering Ash [Manna Ash] tree and is so named as it is believed to be the "manna from heaven" which features in the Old Testament of the Holy Bible. quoted as to have saved the Israelites from starvation during their desert wanderings. Interestingly "90% of mannose ingested is excreted unconverted into the urine within 30 - 60 minutes, with 99% of the remainder being excreted within the following 8 hours. There is no significant increase in blood-glucose levels during this time." Wiki. Which suggests this association is dubious to say the least. | 5,580 | 6,358 |
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Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
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Hiheels
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spryte
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
Arellia
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antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| quoted as to have saved the Israelites from starvation during their desert wanderings. Interestingly "90% of mannose ingested is excreted unconverted into the urine within 30 - 60 minutes, with 99% of the remainder being excreted within the following 8 hours. There is no significant increase in blood-glucose levels during this time." Wiki. Which suggests this association is dubious to say the least. Manna is of course the title of the third album released by Bread in 1971 - but that's another story. Logged
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Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
Arellia
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| Manna is of course the title of the third album released by Bread in 1971 - but that's another story. Logged
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #7 on: | 6,358 | 6,801 |
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Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
spryte
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siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
Arellia
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #7 on: 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM »
Quote
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
An interesting digression - there are many types of sugar (sucrose,glucose, fructose etc.) one of which, mannose, is found in the sap of the Flowering Ash [Manna Ash] tree and is so named as it is believed to be the "manna from heaven" which features in the Old Testament of the Holy Bible. quoted as to have saved the Israelites from starvation during their desert wanderings. Interestingly "90% of mannose ingested is excreted unconverted into the urine within 30 - 60 minutes, with 99% of the remainder being excreted within the following 8 hours. | 6,683 | 7,446 |
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Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Hiheels
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
spryte
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
Arellia
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM »
Quote
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
An interesting digression - there are many types of sugar (sucrose,glucose, fructose etc.) one of which, mannose, is found in the sap of the Flowering Ash [Manna Ash] tree and is so named as it is believed to be the "manna from heaven" which features in the Old Testament of the Holy Bible. quoted as to have saved the Israelites from starvation during their desert wanderings. Interestingly "90% of mannose ingested is excreted unconverted into the urine within 30 - 60 minutes, with 99% of the remainder being excreted within the following 8 hours. There is no significant increase in blood-glucose levels during this time." Wiki. Which suggests this association is dubious to say the least. Manna is of course the title of the third album released by Bread in 1971 - but that's another story. The wiki may actually be reasonably correct - it would seem that humans cannot digest mannose: | 6,802 | 7,786 |
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Author Topic: Can you overdose on sugar? (Read 24361 times)
Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Hiheels
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
spryte
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
Arellia
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| There is no significant increase in blood-glucose levels during this time." Wiki. Which suggests this association is dubious to say the least. Manna is of course the title of the third album released by Bread in 1971 - but that's another story. The wiki may actually be reasonably correct - it would seem that humans cannot digest mannose: "Hemicellulase is a mixture of enzymes including polygalacturonate hydrolase, arabinosidase, mannosidase, mannanase, and xylanase. Mannose, arabinose, and xylans are indigestible components of plant fibers. Since humans lack the endogenous enzymes required to digest these components, the supplementation of hemicellulase provides humans with an additional source of nutrition and reduces the bulking effect of fibrous foods." http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:OcJPxlhu-pYJ:feel-20.com/products/total-digest.html+do+humans+digest+mannose&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk (Cached link as original seems to be defunct)
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Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Hiheels
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
spryte
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
Arellia
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| "Hemicellulase is a mixture of enzymes including polygalacturonate hydrolase, arabinosidase, mannosidase, mannanase, and xylanase. Mannose, arabinose, and xylans are indigestible components of plant fibers. Since humans lack the endogenous enzymes required to digest these components, the supplementation of hemicellulase provides humans with an additional source of nutrition and reduces the bulking effect of fibrous foods." http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:OcJPxlhu-pYJ:feel-20.com/products/total-digest.html+do+humans+digest+mannose&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=uk (Cached link as original seems to be defunct)
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Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
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Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
spryte
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
Arellia
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
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"We're all bankers now!" Re: Can you overdose on sugar? « Reply #8 on: 01 October, 2009, 11:12:47 AM »
Quote
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
An interesting digression - there are many types of sugar (sucrose,glucose, fructose etc.) one of which, mannose, is found in the sap of the Flowering Ash [Manna Ash] tree and is so named as it is believed to be the "manna from heaven" which features in the Old Testament of the Holy Bible. | 8,498 | 9,037 |
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Author Topic: Can you overdose on sugar? (Read 24361 times)
Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Hiheels
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
spryte
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
Arellia
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| « Reply #8 on: 01 October, 2009, 11:12:47 AM »
Quote
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
An interesting digression - there are many types of sugar (sucrose,glucose, fructose etc.) one of which, mannose, is found in the sap of the Flowering Ash [Manna Ash] tree and is so named as it is believed to be the "manna from heaven" which features in the Old Testament of the Holy Bible. quoted as to have saved the Israelites from starvation during their desert wanderings. Interestingly "90% of mannose ingested is excreted unconverted into the urine within 30 - 60 minutes, with 99% of the remainder being excreted within the following 8 hours. There is no significant increase in blood-glucose levels during this time." Wiki. Which suggests this association is dubious to say the least. | 8,586 | 9,440 |
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Author Topic: Can you overdose on sugar? (Read 24361 times)
Duffield1
Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Hiheels
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
spryte
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: spryte on 30 September, 2009, 03:32:37 PM
Arellia
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
siasl
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
antonymous
Re: Can you overdose on sugar?
Quote from: siasl on 01 October, 2009, 10:17:24 AM
Quote from: antonymous on 01 October, 2009, 10:01:28 AM
| quoted as to have saved the Israelites from starvation during their desert wanderings. Interestingly "90% of mannose ingested is excreted unconverted into the urine within 30 - 60 minutes, with 99% of the remainder being excreted within the following 8 hours. There is no significant increase in blood-glucose levels during this time." Wiki. Which suggests this association is dubious to say the least. Manna is of course the title of the third album released by Bread in 1971 - but that's another story. The wiki may actually be reasonably correct - it would seem that humans cannot digest mannose: "Hemicellulase is a mixture of enzymes including polygalacturonate hydrolase, arabinosidase, mannosidase, mannanase, and xylanase. Mannose, arabinose, and xylans are indigestible components of plant fibers. Since humans lack the endogenous enzymes required to digest these components, the supplementation of hemicellulase provides humans with an additional sourc | 9,038 | 10,000 |
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