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[ "They come in various shapes and are made from clay , wood , plastic , metal , glass , porcelain or precious stones such as jade .", "Chopstick rests are made in various shapes from clay , wood , glass , or precious stone such as jade ." ]
[ "A chopstick rest ( 箸置き , Japanese : hashioki ? )", "A chopstick rest ( 箸置き , hashioki ? )" ]
[ "A bout between Evan Dunham and TJ Grant was originally supposed to be contested on the main card but was instead fought on the FX prelims , for unknown reasons .", "A bout between Evan Dunham and TJ Grant was first supposed to be contested on the main card but was instead fought on the FX prelims , for unknown reasons ." ]
[ "Subsequently , Belfort was chosen to take Machida 's place .", "Then , Belfort was chosen to take Machida 's place ." ]
[ "The main event was UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones facing former champion Vitor Belfort .", "See also : UFC 151 The main event was UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones facing former champion Vitor Belfort ." ]
[ "Rory MacDonald was expected to face former dual-division champion B.J. Penn at the event , but MacDonald pulled out of the bout after sustaining a cut to the forehead while training .", "Rory MacDonald was expected to face former two-time champion B.J. Penn at the event , but MacDonald pulled out of the bout after he cut his forehead while training ." ]
[ "Jones was a massive favorite coming into the bout .", "Jones was a huge favorite coming into the bout ." ]
[ "However the inclined plane was the last of the six classic simple machines to be recognized as a machine .", "An inclined plane is a simple machine ." ]
[ "The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane , the factor by which the force is reduced , is equal to the ratio of the length of the sloped surface to the height it spans .", "The typical example of an inclined plane is a sloped surface ; for example a roadway to bridge a height difference ." ]
[ "The wedge can be considered a moving inclined plane or two inclined planes connected at the base .", "Another simple machine based on the inclined plane is the blade , in which two inclined planes placed back to back allow the two parts of the cut object to move apart using less force than would be needed to pull them apart in opposite directions ." ]
[ "The LRA has been accused of widespread human rights violations , including murder , abduction , mutilation , child-sex slavery , and forcing children to participate in hostilities .", "It has been accused of widespread human rights violations , including murder , abduction , mutilation , child-sex slavery and forcing children to participate in hostilities ." ]
[ "The advisers will operate in South Sudan , the Central African Republic , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo , subject to approval by those states .", "The group operates in Central African Republic , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in South Sudan ." ]
[ "Most citizens speak a dialect of Javanese called Suroboyoan .", "There are about 3 million people living in Surabaya and they speak a dialect of Malay called Suroboyoan ." ]
[ "The game spawned a merchandising campaign in Japan , a spinoff in 1999 , an anime series in 2001 , and a direct sequel for PlayStation 2 in 2002 .", "The game spawned a merchandising campaign in Japan , a spinoff in 1999 , an anime series in 2001 , and a direct sequel for the PlayStation 2 in 2002 ." ]
[ "As in the Paper Mario series by Nintendo , all of the characters appear to be two-dimensional beings cut from paper while the surroundings are primarily three-dimensional .", "Like in the Paper Mario series by Nintendo , all of the characters appear to be flat , two dimensional beings cut from paper while the surroundings are primarily three dimensional ." ]
[ "While the gameplay is not challenging for experienced gamers , the game is remembered for its unique graphic design , its quirky soundtrack and its bizarre plot .", "While the gameplay is not challenging for experienced gamers , the game is remembered for its unique graphic design of 2D characters and 3D objects , its quirky soundtrack and its bizarre plot ." ]
[ "Then one night , Parappa is invited to Club Fun , and asks Sunny to go with him , to which she agrees .", "Then , one night , he is invited to Club Fun , and asks Sunny to go with him , to which she agrees ." ]
[ "Parappa also appears as a playable character in PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale .", "PaRappa is a playable character in PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale ." ]
[ "A PlayStation Portable port of the original game was released in Japan in December 2006 in North America and Europe in July 2007 .", "A PSP port of the original game was released in Japan in December 2006 in North America and Europe in July 2007 ." ]
[ "The game is named after its protagonist , Parappa , a rapping dog with the motto , `` I got ta believe ! ''", "The game is named after a beanie-wearing dog in the game , PaRappa , with his motto `` I got ta believe ! ''" ]
[ "By consistently staying on beat , players will stay in the Good ranking .", "Players will stay on the `` Good '' ranking when staying to the beat ." ]
[ "While the setting is a bright interpretation of an urban city , the characters range from anthropomorphic animals such as frogs , spiders , and dogs , to lively versions of normally inanimate objects including onions , hammers , and flowers .", "The setting is a bright urban city ; with its inhabitants ranging from animals ( chickens , dogs , frogs , and cats ) , inanimate objects ( onions , flowers , hammers ) , and some humans ." ]
[ "Paul Christison Edwards ( born ( 1955-03-19 ) 19 March 1955 ) is an English organist and composer of music for the Anglican Church .", "Paul Christison Edwards ( born 19 March 1955 ( 1955-03-19 ) ) is an English organist and composer of music for the Anglican Church ." ]
[ "Edwards finds inspiration for his compositions in the English countryside , in particular that of Norfolk He also enjoys driving and photographing busses and coaches .", "Edwards finds inspiration for his compositions in the English countryside , especially that of Norfolk He also enjoys driving and photographing busses and coaches ." ]
[ "He has served as organist and choir master at several churches in Bedfordshire , including All Saints , Turvey and St. Paul 's Church , Bedford .", "He has been organist and choir master at several churches in Bedfordshire , including All Saints , Turvey and St. Paul 's Church , Bedford ." ]
[ "He was a chorister at St Paul 's Cathedral for four and a half years and then spent an equal amount of time as lay clerk at Peterborough Cathedral .", "He became a chorister at St Paul 's Cathedral for four and a half years and then spent the same amount of time as lay clerk at Peterborough Cathedral ." ]
[ "He is also active as a teacher , piano accompanist and choral singer .", "He works as a teacher , piano accompanist and choral singer ." ]
[ "Edwards has made a series of recordings of the historic organs of North Bedfordshire .", "Edwards has made a series of recordings of interesting old organs of North Bedfordshire ." ]
[ "He has transcribed and edited ten volumes of 18th century English Organ Music published by ANIMUS .", "He has transcribed and edited ten volumes of 18th century English Organ Music ." ]
[ "Paul Edwards was brought up in the village of Turvey in Bedfordshire .", "Paul Edwards spent his childhood in the village of Turvey in Bedfordshire ." ]
[ "The opus numbers of his compositions rise to almost 450 .", "The list of all his compositions has 450 opus numbers ." ]
[ "His carol No Small Wonder , written in 1983 to words by Paul Wigmore , first appeared in Carols for Today in 1986 and was recorded on LP by Canterbury Cathedral Choir and subsequently heard in the famous Nine Lessons and Carols service broadcast on the BBC Television by the Choir of King 's College , Cambridge in 2000 .", "His carol No Small Wonder , written in 1983 was published in Carols for Today in 1986 and was recorded on LP by Canterbury Cathedral Choir ." ]
[ "Green Park tube station is a London Underground station located on the north side of Green Park , close to the intersection of Piccadilly and the pedestrian Queen 's Walk .", "It is on the north side of Green Park , close to the intersection of Piccadilly and the pedestrian Queen 's Walk ." ]
[ "London Buses routes 9 , 14 , 19 , 22 , 38 and C2 serve the station .", "London Buses routes 8 , 9 , 14 , 19 , 22 and 38 serve the station ." ]
[ "Additionally , he studied chamber and orchestral playing in Salzburg , Austria in the class of Igor Markevich , Erich Leinsdorf and Fernand Oubradous .", "Additionally , he studied chamber music and orchestral playing in Salzburg , Austria , in the class of Igor Markevich , Erich Leinsdorf and Fernand Oubradous ." ]
[ "In 2007 , upon recommendation of the Expert Committee of the Serbian Ministry of Culture , he was awarded Special Acknowledgment for the Highest Contribution to the National Culture in the Republic of Serbia .", "In 2007 , upon recommendation of the Expert Committee of the Ministry of Culture , he was awarded Special Acknowledgement for the Highest Contribution to the National Culture of the Republic of Serbia ." ]
[ "In 2010 he was awarded with The Lifetime Achievement Award by the Association of Musical Artists of Serbia .", "In 2010 the Association of Musical Artists of Serbia awarded him with The Lifetime Achievement Award ." ]
[ "Additionally , he was honored with the Award of the Yugoslavian Radio-Television ( Ohrid , 1972 ) , awards of the City of Belgrade for the best concert in the previous concert season ( 1976 , 1981 , 1986 ) , with 7 July Award ( 1962 ) - the state 's highest award for the arts , as well as with many other honors .", "Additionally , he was honored with the Award of the Yugoslavian Radio-Television ( Ohrid , 1972 ) , awards of the City of Belgrade for the best concert in the previous concert season ( 1976 , 1981 , 1986 ) , as well as with 7th July Award ( 1962 ) , the state 's highest award for the arts ." ]
[ "Stefanović was one of the few artists honored to perform Copland 's Clarinet Concerto under the baton of Maestro Aaron Copland ( 1961 ) .", "He was one of the few artists honored to perform Copland 's Clarinet Concerto under the baton of Maestro Aaron Copland ( 1961 ) ." ]
[ "Stefanović was a top-prize winner or finalist in the major Yugoslavian and international competitions , including the competitions in Sarajevo ( 1952 ) , Skopje ( 1954 ) , Ljubljana ( 1956 ) , Moscow ( 1957 ) , Munich ( 1957 ) , Geneva ( 1957 ) and Prague ( 1959 ) .", "Stefanovic was a top-prize winner or finalist in the major Yugoslavian and international competitions , including the competitions in Sarajevo ( 1952 ) , Skopje ( 1954 ) , Ljubljana ( 1956 ) , Moscow ( 1957 ) , Munich ( 1957 ) , Geneva ( 1957 ) and Prague ( 1959 ) ." ]
[ "They have been teaching at the Josip Slavenski School of Music in Belgrade .", "He taught at the Josip Slavenski School of Music , University of Pristina and University of the Arts in Belgrade ." ]
[ "He was also a Vice-Chancellor ( 1985-1989 ) and member of the Board of Trustees of the University of the Arts in Belgrade .", "He served as the Vice-Chancellor and member of the Board of Trustees of the University of the Arts in Belgrade ." ]
[ "Stefanović graduated from the Belgrade Music Academy , as a student of renowned Professor Bruno Brun , the founder of modern Serbian school of clarinet playing ( 1957 ) .", "His major teacher was Professor Bruno Brun , the founder of modern Serbian school of clarinet playing ." ]
[ "As a soloist , chamber and orchestral musician he has collaborated with distinguished Yugoslavian and international artists , including : Herbert von Karajan , Lorin Maazel , Leopold Stokowski , Kirill Kondrashin , Bernard Keeffe , Francesco Mander , Jerzy Katlewicz , Jovan Šajnović , Uroš Lajovic , Anton Kolar , Anton Nanut , Vančo Čavdarski , Živojin Zdravković , Oskar Danon , Dušan Skovran , Djura Jakšić , Mladen Jagušt , Julio Marić , Franc Klinar , Roman Skrepek , Eric Hope , Evgeni Koroliov , Michel Dussault , Andreja Preger , Aleksandar Pavlović , Viktor Jakovčić , Zorica Dimitrijević-Stošić , Mirjana Kršljanin , Aleksandar Lekovski , Zbigniew Chwedczuk , Josef Daniel , Oivin Fjeldstad , Bogo Leskovic , Petr Vronsky , Freddy Došek , Bogdan Babić , Dušan Miladinović , Božidar Tumpej , Vojislav Simić , The Zagreb Soloists , The Belgrade Trio , The Serbian String Quartet , The Zagreb Quartet and many others .", "As a soloist , member of various chamber groups and orchestras , he collaborated with distinguished Yugoslavian and international artists , including : Herbert von Karajan , Lorin Maazel , Leopold Stokowski , Kirill Kondrashin , Bernard Keeffe , Oivin Fjeldstad , Francesco Mander , Jerzy Katlewicz , Jovan Sajnovic , Uros Lajovic , Anton Kolar , Anton Nanut , Petr Vronsky , Zbigniew Chwedczuk , Oskar Danon , Dusan Skovran , Josef Daniel , Zivojin Zdravkovic , Julio Maric , Franc Klinar , Roman Skrepek , Aleksandar Pavlovic , Vanco Cavdarski , Bogo Leskovic , Djura Jaksic , Mladen Jagust , Aleksandar Lekovski , Bogdan Babic , Vojislav Simic , Eric Hope , Evgeni Korolyov , Michel Dussault , Andreja Preger , Viktor Jakovcic , Freddy Dosek , Zorica Dimitrijevic-Stosic , Mirjana Krsljanin , The Zagreb Soloists , The Belgrade Trio , The Serbian String Quartet , The Zagreb Quartet and many others ." ]
[ "Stefanović wrote several textbooks for the clarinet students .", "Stefanovic wrote several textbooks for the clarinet students ." ]
[ "He is a member and former president ( 1977-1980 ) of the Association of Musical Artists of Serbia and Honorary Member ( 2013 ) of the International Clarinet Association .", "Stefanovic is an honorary member and former president of the Association of Musical Artists of Serbia ." ]
[ "Milenko Stefanović ( born 19 February 1930 ) is a Serbian classical and jazz clarinetist .", "Milenko Stefanović ( born February 19 , 1930 in Belgrade , Serbia , then the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ) is the most famous Serbian classical and jazz clarinet player - soloist , former Principal Clarinetist of the Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra and Professor at the Josip Slavenski School of Music , University of Pristina and University of the Arts in Belgrade ." ]
[ "In the 1980s , Rabbi Yissachar Dov Rokeach , the fifth Belzer Rebbe , spearheaded plans for the huge synagogue to be erected in the Kiryat Belz neighborhood of Jerusalem .", "In the 1980s , Rabbi Yissachar Dov Rokeach ( II ) of Belz made plans for the huge synagogue to be built in the Kiryat Belz part of Jerusalem ." ]
[ "The Belz Great Synagogue ( Hebrew : בעלזא בית המדרש הגדול , Belz Bais HaMedrash HaGadol ) is the largest synagogue in Israel .", "The Belz Beis HaMedrash HaGadol ( in Yiddish : בעלזא בית המדרש הגדול - `` The Belz Grand Synagogue ) is the largest synagogue in Jerusalem ." ]
[ "It was built by the Belz Hasidic community with financial help from its supporters and admirers around the world .", "It was built by the Belz Hasidic Jews , with help from their supporters and admirers around the world ." ]
[ "They usually stand up on their hind limbs and attempt to push their opponent off balance by jabbing him or locking forearms .", "They usually stand up on their back legs and attempt to push the other off balance by jabbing him or locking front legs ." ]
[ "The red kangaroo 's range of vision is approximately 300 ° , due to the position of its eyes .", "The Red Kangaroo 's range of vision is about 300 ° because of the position of its eyes ." ]
[ "Females are smaller than males and are blue-grey with a brown tinge , pale gray below , although arid zone females are colored more like males .", "Females are smaller than males and are a blue-grey color with a small amount of brown , pale gray below , although arid area females are colored like males ." ]
[ "The males can leap over 9 m ( 30 ft ) in one leap .", "The males can jump a distance of 9 m ( 30 ft ) in one leap ." ]
[ "While the young joey will permanently leave the pouch at around 235 days old , it will continue to suckle until it reaches about 12 months of age .", "The young joey leaves the pouch at around 235 days old , but will continue to suckle until it reaches 1 year of age ." ]
[ "The females have the unusual ability to delay birth of their baby until their previous Joey has left the pouch .", "The females are also able to delay birth of their baby until their previous joey has left the pouch ." ]
[ "Using their tail to support their weight , they deliver kicks with their powerful hind legs .", "Using their tail to support their weight , they can also kick with their powerful back legs ." ]
[ "It has two forelimbs with small claws , two muscular hind-limbs , which are used for jumping , and a strong tail which is often used to create a tripod when standing upright .", "It has two strong back legs , which are used for jumping , and a strong tail which is often used for balance when standing upright ." ]
[ "The red kangaroo ( Macropus rufus ) is the largest of all kangaroos , the largest mammal native to Australia , and the largest extant marsupial .", "The Red Kangaroo ( Macropus rufus ) is the largest kangaroo ." ]
[ "This species is a very large kangaroo with long , pointed ears and a squared-off muzzle .", "The kangaroo has long , pointed ears and a squared-off nose ." ]
[ "Red kangaroos live in groups of 2-4 members .", "The Red Kangaroo is a very large kangaroo ." ]
[ "I saw him to be engaged on a carved representation of Tintoretto 's `` Crucifixion '' , which he had in a frame of his own making . ''", "I saw him to be engaged on a carved representation of Tintoretto 's `` Crucifixion '' , which he had in a frame of his own making '' ." ]
[ "The diarist Evelyn first discovered Gibbons ' talent by chance in 1671 .", "The diarist John Evelyn first discovered Gibbons ' talent by chance in 1671 ." ]
[ "Evelyn , from whom Gibbons rented a cottage near Evelyn 's home in Sayes Court , Deptford ( today part of south-east London ) , wrote the following : `` I saw the young man at his carving , by the light of a candle .", "Evelyn , from whom Gibbons rented a cottage near Evelyn 's home in Deptford , wrote : `` I saw the young man at his carving , by the light of a candle ." ]
[ "He was born and educated in Holland of English parents , his father being a merchant .", "Gibons was born and educated in Holland of English parents , his father being a merchant ." ]
[ "Grinling Gibbons ( 4 April 1648 - 3 August 1721 ) was a Dutch-British sculptor and wood carver known for his work in England , including St Paul 's Cathedral , Blenheim Palace and Hampton Court Palace .", "Grinling Gibbons ( 4 April 1648 - 3 August 1721 ) was a Anglo-Dutch sculptor and wood carver ." ]
[ "Wren and Evelyn then introduced him to King Charles II who gave him his first commission - still resting in the dining room of Windsor Castle .", "Wren and Evelyn then introduced him to King Charles II who gave him his first commission ." ]
[ "Most of his work is in lime ( tilia ) wood , especially decorative Baroque garlands made up of still-life elements at about life size , made to frame mirrors and decorate the walls of churches and palaces , but he also produced furniture and small relief plaques with figurative scenes .", "Most of his work is in lime ( tilia ) wood , especially decorative Baroque garlands made up of still-life elements at about life size ." ]
[ "By 1680 he was already known as the `` King 's Carver '' , and carried out exquisite work for St Paul 's Cathedral , Windsor Castle , and the Earl of Essex 's house at Cassiobury .", "By 1680 he was known as the `` King 's Carver '' , and carried out exquisite work for St Paul 's Cathedral and Windsor Castle ." ]
[ "By the time he was established he led a large workshop , and the extent to which his personal hand appears in later work varies .", "By the time he was established he led quite a large workshop ." ]
[ "Chapman worked as a security guard , eventually taking a week-long course to qualify as an armed guard .", "Chapman worked a low-paying job , as a security guard ." ]
[ "Chapman was born in Fort Worth , Texas .", "Mark David Chapman ( born May 10 , 1955 in Fort Worth , Texas ) is an American , best known as the murderer of musician John Lennon ." ]
[ "He signed the letter , `` The Catcher in the Rye '' .", "Chapman did not try to get away , and was reading a book , The Catcher in the Rye , when police came to the scene ." ]
[ "Chapman went to New York in October 1980 , intending to kill Lennon .", "On December 8 , 1980 , Chapman again visited New York , actually meeting Lennon and Ono as they left home to go to a recording session ." ]
[ "Bako Sahakyan ( Armenian : Բակո Սահակյան , born 30 August 1960 , sometimes transcribed as Bako Sahakian or Saakian ) is the fourth president of the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic .", "Bako Sahakyan ( Armenian : Բակո Սահակյան , sometimes transcribed as Bako Sahakian or Saakian , born August 30 , 1960 ) is the fourth president of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic ." ]
[ "Sahakyan replaced Arkadi Ghukasyan , who had held the presidential post for two five-year terms .", "He replaced Arkadi Ghukasyan , who held the presidential post for two five-year terms ." ]
[ "He also led the Nagorno-Karabakh security service from 2001 to June 2007 , when he resigned in order to run in the 2007 Nagorno-Karabakh Presidential elections .", "He also led the Nagorno-Karabakh security service from 2001 to June 2007 ." ]
[ "The show is set in the fictional town of Stars Hollow , Connecticut .", "They live together in a fictional small town called Stars Hollow , Connecticut ." ]
[ "Gilmore Girls was listed as one of Time magazine 's `` All-TIME 100 TV Shows . ''", "Gilmore Girls is an American television series ." ]
[ "Gilmore Girls is an American comedy-drama series created by Amy Sherman-Palladino , starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel .", "Gilmore Girls was created by Amy Sherman-Palladino ." ]
[ "What began with rules ( `` canons '' ) adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament , but some elements of the Hebrew ( Old Testament ) , Roman , Visigothic , Saxon , and Celtic legal traditions .", "What began with rules ( `` canons '' ) adopted by the Apostles themselves at the Council of Jerusalem in the First Century led to a highly complex and original legal system that included norms of the New Testament , of the Hebrew ( Old Testament ) , Roman , Visigothic , Saxon , and Celtic legal traditions with thousands of years of human experience ." ]
[ "It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church ( both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches ) , the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches , and the Anglican Communion of churches .", "Canon law is the term used for the internal Ecclesiastical law of many churches , such as the Roman Catholic Church , the Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Anglican Communion of churches ." ]
[ "The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe , much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions .", "The Roman Catholic Church has the oldest continuously functioning legal system in the Western World ." ]
[ "Jorge Ramos Ávalos ( Spanish pronunciation : ( ˈxorxe ˈramos ) ; born March 16 , 1958 ) is a Mexican journalist , anchor for Noticiero Univision and host of the Sunday morning news talk show Al Punto .", "He is the anchor for Noticiero Univision and host of the Sunday morning news talk show Al Punto ." ]
[ "Jorge Ramos has won eight Emmy Awards and the Maria Moors Cabot Award for excellence in journalism .", "Ramos has won eight Emmy Awards throughout his career for journalism ." ]
[ "The sport is controlled by the International Weightlifting Federation ( IWF ) .", "As a competitive sport , Weightlifting is controlled by the International Weightlifting Federation ( IWF ) ." ]
[ "During the 1900 Olympic Games , there was no weightlifting event .", "The snatch is one of the two olympic weightlifting events ." ]
[ "The Holy Saturday Cross Country Cycling Classic , is a one-day amateur cycling race held in Belize every year during the Easter holidays .", "The Holy Saturday Cross Country Cycling Classic is a one-day amateur cycling race held in Belize ." ]
[ "Chloroplasts are one of many types of organelles in the plant cell .", "Chloroplasts are one of the many different types of organelles in the cell ." ]
[ "Chlorophyll a is a blue-green pigment partially responsible for giving most cyanobacteria and chloroplasts their color .", "Chlorophyll is what gives green plants their green color ." ]
[ "The two innermost lipid-bilayer membranes that surround all chloroplasts correspond to the outer and inner membranes of the ancestral cyanobacterium 's gram negative cell wall , and not the phagosomal membrane from the host , which was probably lost .", "They are thought to correspond to the outer and inner membranes of the ancestral cyanobacterium ." ]
[ "Chloroplasts are only found in plants and algae .", "Mitochondria also had a similar origin , but chloroplasts are found only in plants and protista ." ]
[ "One may need to have a certain amount of empathy before being able to experience accurate sympathy or compassion .", "Someone may need to have a certain amount of empathy before they are able to feel compassion ." ]
[ "Empathy has many different definitions that encompass a broad range of emotional states , such as caring for other people and having a desire to help them ; experiencing emotions that match another person 's emotions ; discerning what another person is thinking or feeling ; and making less distinct the differences between the self and the other .", "They cover a wide spectrum , ranging from caring for other people and having a desire to help them , to experiencing emotions that match another person 's emotions , to knowing what the other person is thinking or feeling , to blurring the line between self and other ." ]
[ "The Chinese term 洗腦 ( xǐ năo , literally `` wash brain '' ) was originally used to describe methodologies of coercive persuasion used under the Maoist government in China , which aimed to transform individuals with a reactionary imperialist mindset into `` right-thinking '' members of the new Chinese social system .", "The Chinese term 洗腦 ( xǐ năo , literally `` wash brain '' ) was originally used to describe methodologies of coercive persuasion used under the Maoist regime in China ." ]
[ "The Oxford English Dictionary records its earliest known English-language usage of brainwashing in an article by newspaperman Edward Hunter in Miami News published on 7 October 1950 .", "The Oxford English Dictionary records the earliest known use of brainwashing in an article Edward Hunter in Miami News published on 7 October 1950 ." ]
[ "In this context , brainwashing refers to the involuntary reeducation of basic beliefs and values '' The term has been applied to any tactic , psychological or otherwise , which can be seen as subverting an individual 's sense of control over their own thinking , behavior , emotions or decision making .", "The term has been applied to any tactic , psychological or otherwise , which undermines ( damages ) an individual 's control over their own thinking , behavior , emotions or decision making ." ]
[ "Hunter and those who picked up the Chinese term used it to explain why some American GI prisoners of war cooperated with their Chinese captors , even in a few cases defecting to the enemy side .", "Hunter and those who picked up the Chinese term used it to explain why , unlike in earlier wars , a relatively high percentage of American GIs defected to the enemy side after becoming prisoners-of-war ." ]
[ "Mind control ( also known as brainwashing , coercive persuasion , thought control , or thought reform ) is an indoctrination process which results in `` an impairment of autonomy , an inability to think independently , and a disruption of beliefs and affiliations .", "Mind control ( also known as brainwashing , coercive persuasion or thought control ) refers to a theory on the way some have tried to control the beliefs and behavior of others ." ]
[ "Hunter , said to be a CIA propagandist , wrote a series of books and articles on the theme of Chinese brainwashing , and the word brainwashing quickly became a stock phrase in Cold War headlines .", "During the Korean War , Hunter , who worked at the time both as a journalist before becoming a U.S. intelligence agent , wrote a series of books and articles on the theme of Chinese brainwashing ." ]