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[ "While a classical cyclotron uses both a constant guiding magnetic field and a constant-frequency electromagnetic field ( and is working in classical approximation ) , its successor , the isochronous cyclotron , works by local variations of the guiding magnetic field , adapting the increasing relativistic mass of particles during acceleration .", "A cyclotron uses a constant magnetic field and a constant-frequency applied electric field ." ]
[ "Edwin McMillan constructed the first electron synchrotron in 1945 , although Vladimir Veksler had already ( unknown to McMillan ) published the principle in a Soviet journal in 1944 .", "Edwin McMillan constructed the first electron synchrotron ." ]
[ "The straight sections along the closed path in such facilities are not only required for radio frequency cavities , but also for particle detectors ( in colliders ) and photon generation devices such as wigglers and undulators ( in third generation synchrotron light sources ) .", "Straight sections are required at spacings around a ring for both radiofrequency cavities , and in third generation setups space is allowed for insertion of energy extraction devices such as wigglers and undulators ." ]
[ "The North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui is one of the two main islands of New Zealand , separated from the slightly larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait .", "The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand ." ]
[ "Twelve main urban areas ( half of them officially cities ) are in the North Island .", "Twelve cities are in the North Island ." ]
[ "Approximately 77 % of New Zealand 's population lives in the North Island .", "About 76 % of New Zealand 's population live in the North Island ." ]
[ "This great fish became the North Island and thus a Māori name for the North Island is Te Ika-a-Māui ( The Fish of Māui ) .", "Its Māori name is Te Ika-a-Māui ." ]
[ "The park includes areas of the three countries Niger , Benin and Burkina Faso , and is governed by the three governments .", "The park includes areas of the three countries Niger , Benin and Burkina Faso ." ]
[ "The park provides a home for some of West Africa 's last wild African Elephants .", "The park has a home for some of West Africa 's last wild African Elephants ." ]
[ "There is a small but apparently increasing population of at least 15-25 animals of this rare cat in the park .", "There is a small but increasing population of at least 15-25 animals of this rare cat in the park ." ]
[ "The W National Park of Niger was created by decree on 4 August 1954 , and since 1996 has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site .", "The W National Park of Niger was formed by decree on 4 August 1954 ." ]
[ "The W Regional Park ( French : `` W '' du Niger ) is a major national park in West Africa around a meander in the River Niger shaped like a `` W '' .", "It is formed around a meander in the River Niger shaped like a `` W '' ." ]
[ "The W area is also known for its bird populations , especially transitory migrating species , with over 350 species identified in the park .", "The W area is also known for its bird populations ." ]
[ "The W Park is also known for historic occurrence of packs of the endangered Painted Hunting Dog , although this canid may now be extirpated from the area .", "The W Park used to have packs of the endangered Painted Hunting Dog ." ]
[ "31 Euphrosyne is one of the largest main-belt asteroids , discovered by James Ferguson on September 1 , 1854 .", "31 Euphrosyne is one of the biggest main belt asteroids , found by James Ferguson on September 1 , 1854 ." ]
[ "Consequently Euphrosyne is never visible with binoculars , having a maximum magnitude at the best possible opposition of around +10.2 , as in November 2011 , which is actually fainter than any of the thirty asteroids previously discovered .", "Consequently Euphrosyne is never visible with binoculars , having a maximum magnitude at the best possible opposition of around +10.2 , which is actually fainter than any of the thirty asteroids previously found ." ]
[ "Whereas Pallas and Eris-the only larger bodies with comparably tilted orbits-have nodes near perihelion and aphelion , Euphrosyne 's perihelion lies at the northernmost point of its orbit .", "Whereas Pallas and Eris - the only bigger bodies with comparably tilted orbits - have nodes near perihelion and aphelion , Euphrosyne 's perihelion lies at the northernmost point of its orbit ." ]
[ "It is a C-type asteroid with a primitive surface .", "It is a normal C-type asteroid with a primitive surface ." ]
[ "Nothing is known of its axial tilt .", "Its rotation period is very common for big asteroids , but nothing is known of its axial tilt ." ]
[ "Its orbit , however , is quite unusual and bears a considerable resemblance to that of 2 Pallas in its high inclination and eccentricity .", "It 's orbit is similar to that of 2 Pallas in its high inclination and eccentricity ." ]
[ "It is a very little-studied body despite being one of the largest asteroids .", "It has not been studied a lot despite being one of the biggest asteroids ." ]
[ "Since June 2001 he has served as Governing Mayor ( Regierender Bürgermeister ) of Berlin .", "Since June 2001 he has served as Governing Mayor , Regierender Bürgermeister , of Berlin ." ]
[ "In September 2007 , Wowereit published an autobiographical book titled '' ... und das ist auch gut so . ''", "In September 2007 , Wowereit published an autobiography called '' ... und das ist auch gut so . ''" ]
[ "Until 1973 , Wowereit attended the Ulrich-von-Hutten-Oberschule in Berlin-Lichtenrade .", "Klaus Wowereit attended the Ulrich-von-Hutten-Oberschule in Berlin until 1973 ." ]
[ "Wowereit is one of the most famous German politicians who is openly gay .", "Wowereit is one of the most famous German politicians who has openly declared himself homosexual ." ]
[ "In coming out , prior to the 2001 mayoral elections , he coined the now famous German phrase `` Ich bin schwul , und das ist auch gut so . ''", "He came out at a convention of the Berlin SPD just before the 2001 mayoral elections , when he said `` Ich bin schwul , und das ist auch gut so . ''" ]
[ "Afterwards , he studied law at the Free University Berlin ( State Exams , 1981 and 1984 ) .", "He went on to study law at the Free University Berlin , passing his first State Exams in 1981 and the second set in 1984 ." ]
[ "After eleven years as a District Councillor he stood for the Berlin House of Deputies ( Abgeordnetenhaus von Berlin ) which serves as the City 's Landtag or state legislature in 1995 .", "After eleven years he stood for the Berlin House of Deputies Abgeordnetenhaus which is City 's Landtag or state legislature in 1995 ." ]
[ "However , von Beust resigned in 2010 , making Wowereit the only gay mayor of a major German city .", "Wowereit is not the only gay mayor of a large European city ." ]
[ "He served as President of the Bundesrat ( the fourth highest office in Germany ) in 2001\\/02 .", "He was President of the Bundesrat in 2001\\/02 ." ]
[ "Klaus Wowereit ( born 1 October 1953 ) is a German politician , member of the SPD ( Social Democratic Party ) , and has been the Governing Mayor of Berlin since the 21 October 2001 state elections , where his party won a plurality of the votes , 29.7 % .", "Klaus Wowereit ( born 1 October 1953 ) is a German politician ." ]
[ "His election as mayor made Berlin one of three major European cities with an openly gay mayor , along with Paris , whose mayor is Bertrand Delanoë , and Hamburg , whose mayor was Ole von Beust at that time , who both also took office in 2001 .", "Bertrand Delanoë , the mayor of Paris , is openly gay , and Ole von Beust , the former mayor of Hamburg , is also gay ." ]
[ "Wowereit was born in Berlin .", "He was born in Berlin ." ]
[ "After 3 years as a civil servant in the Senate office of the Interior , Wowereit stood for election as municipal councillor in the Tempelhof district .", "After university Wowereit spent three years as a civil servant in the Senate Office ( that is , Ministry ) of the Interior ." ]
[ "( `` I 'm gay , and that is a good thing . '' )", "( `` I am gay , and it 's good that way '' . )" ]
[ "Sapieha was born in 1867 in the castle of Krasiczyn , then part of the Austrian Empire .", "Sapieha was born in 1867 in the castle of Krasiczyn ." ]
[ "Prince Adam Stefan Stanisław Bonifacy Józef Sapieha ( Polish pronunciation : ( ˈadam ˈstɛfan saˈpjɛxa ) ; 14 May 1867 - 23 July 1951 ) was a Polish cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Kraków .", "Adam Stefan Stanisław Bonfatiusz Józef Sapieha ( 14 May 1867 - 23 July 1951 ) was a Polish Roman Catholic Church priest and Cardinal ." ]
[ "Sapieha was appointed Metropolitan Archbishop in 1925 when the Diocese of Kraków was elevated to the rank of Archdiocese .", "Sapieha was named Bishop of the diocese of Kraków in 1911 ." ]
[ "He moved his students ( including the future Pope John Paul II , Karol Wojtyła ) into the Bishop 's Palace in Kraków to finish their training during the Nazi Occupation of Poland .", "Among the students was Karol Wojtyła , the future Pope John Paul II ." ]
[ "In 1946 , Pope Pius XII created him Cardinal .", "He was created a Cardinal in 1946 ." ]
[ "He was the youngest of the seven children of Prince Adam Stanisław Sapieha-Kodenski and Princess Jadwiga Klementyna Sanguszko-Lubartowicza , daughter of Władysław Hieronim Sanguszko .", "He was the youngest of the seven children of Prince Adam Stanisław Sapieha-Kodenski ." ]
[ "James Earl Ray , a fugitive from the Missouri State Penitentiary , was arrested on June 8 , 1968 in London at Heathrow Airport , extradited to the United States , and charged with the crime .", "On June 10 , 1968 , James Earl Ray , a fugitive from the Missouri State Penitentiary , was arrested in London at Heathrow Airport ." ]
[ "Ray later made many attempts to withdraw his guilty plea and be tried by a jury , but was unsuccessful ; he died in prison on April 23 , 1998 , at the age of 70 .", "Ray later made many attempts to withdraw his guilty plea and be tried by a jury , but was unsuccessful ." ]
[ "He was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis , Tennessee on Thursday April 4 , 1968 , at the age of 39 .", "Martin Luther King , Jr. , a prominent American leader of the civil rights movement and Nobel Peace Prize laureate , was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis , Tennessee , on April 4 , 1968 , at the age of 39 ." ]
[ "Ray died in prison on April 23 , 1998 , at the age of 70 from complications related to kidney disease , caused by hepatitis C ( probably contracted as a result of a blood transfusion given after a stabbing while at Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary ) .", "He died in prison on April 23 , 1998 , at the age of 70 ." ]
[ "In 1999 , the King family conducted a civil case against Jowers and other unnamed co-conspirators for wrongful death of Dr. King .", "In 1999 , Coretta Scott King , King 's widow , along with the rest of King 's family , won a wrongful death civil trial against Loyd Jowers and `` other unknown co-conspirators . ''" ]
[ "The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad is a 1949 American animated musical feature produced by Walt Disney Productions .", "The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad is a 1949 animated movie ." ]
[ "The film is the 11th animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series and was released theatrically on October 5 , 1949 by RKO Radio Pictures .", "The movie was released to theaters on October 5 , 1949 by RKO Radio Pictures ." ]
[ "Historically , the town was home to a vibrant manufacturing industry with a woollen mill and foundry being key employers .", "Historically , the town was home to a manufacturing industry with a woollen mill and foundry being key employers ." ]
[ "The town is directly serviced by Routes 104 , 204 , 301 , and 321 .", "The town is is on Routes 104 , 204 , 301 , and 321 ." ]
[ "A series of swamps and meadows connect this lake to the River Philip .", "A number of swamps and meadows connect this lake to the River Philip ." ]
[ "The name `` Oxford '' is derived from the shallow river that was used to enter the town .", "The name `` Oxford '' comes from the shallow river that was used to enter the town ." ]
[ "Early settlers used Oxen to cross , or `` ford '' , the river , and thus derived the town 's name .", "Early settlers used Oxen to cross , or `` ford '' , the river , and from here came the town 's name ." ]
[ "Oxford was founded in 1791 by settler Richard Thompson .", "Oxford was established in 1791 by settler Richard Thompson ." ]
[ "Witnesses who thought they saw Stride with a man earlier that night gave differing descriptions : some said her companion was fair , others dark ; some said he was shabbily dressed , others well-dressed .", "Witnesses who said they saw Stride with a man earlier that night gave differing descriptions : some said her companion was fair , others dark ; some said he was shabbily dressed , others well-dressed ." ]
[ "Police Commissioner Charles Warren feared the graffito might spark anti-semitic riots , and ordered it washed away before dawn .", "Police Commissioner Charles Warren feared the graffito might spark antisemitic riots , and ordered it washed away before dawn ." ]
[ "His companions were unable to confirm his description .", "His companions , however , were unable to confirm his description ." ]
[ "The throat had been severed down to the spine , and the abdomen almost emptied of its organs .", "The throat had been severed down to the spine , and the abdomen virtually emptied of its organs ." ]
[ "Stride and Eddowes were killed in the early morning of Sunday 30 September 1888 .", "ha ha '' Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes were killed in the early morning of Sunday 30 September 1888 ." ]
[ "Jack the Ripper is the best-known name given to an unidentified serial killer who was active in the largely impoverished areas in and around the Whitechapel district of London in 1888 .", "Jack the Ripper is the name given to an unidentified serial killer ." ]
[ "The `` From Hell '' letter , received by George Lusk of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee , included half of a preserved human kidney , supposedly from one of the victims .", "The `` From Hell '' letter was received by George Lusk , leader of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee , on 16 October 1888 ." ]
[ "Kelly 's mutilated body was discovered lying on the bed in the single room where she lived at 13 Miller 's Court , off Dorset Street , Spitalfields , at 10:45 a.m. on Friday 9 November 1888 .", "She thought she heard someone leaving the residence at about 5:45 a.m. Kelly 's gruesomely mutilated body was discovered the next morning lying on the bed at 10:45 a.m. on Friday 9 November 1888 ." ]
[ "Chapman 's body was discovered at about 6 a.m. on Saturday 8 September 1888 near a doorway in the back yard of 29 Hanbury Street , Spitalfields .", "Nobody had seen or heard a thing , the killer struck again on 8 September , Annie chapman was seen talking to a man at about 5:30 a.m. just beyond the back yard of 29 Hanbury Street , Spitalfields ." ]
[ "Because of its quality and rarity , this porcelain is much prized by collectors .", "Because of its quality and rarity , it is much prized by collectors ." ]
[ "In 1764 a porcelain factory was started in Fulda under Prince-Bishop , Prince-Abbot Heinrich von Bibra , but shortly after his death it was closed down in 1789 by his successor , Prince-Bishop , Prince-Abbot Adalbert von Harstall .", "The factory was begun under Prince-Bishop , Prince-Abbot Heinrich von Bibra and closed down shortly after his death by his successor , Prince-Bishop , Prince-Abbot Adalbert von Harstall ." ]
[ "Fulda ( German pronunciation : ( ˈfʊlda ) ) is a city in Hesse , Germany ; it is located on the river Fulda and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district ( Kreis ) .", "Fulda ( IPA : ( ˈfʊlda ) ) is a city in Hesse , Germany ; it is on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district ( Kreis ) ." ]
[ "In 744 Saint Sturm , a disciple of Saint Boniface , founded the Benedictine monastery of Fulda as one of Boniface 's outposts in the reorganization of the church in Germany .", "The Benedictine monastery of Fulda was founded in 744 by Saint Sturm , a disciple of Saint Boniface , when Boniface was reorganising the church in Germany ." ]
[ "From its foundation , the abbey Fulda and its territory was based on an Imperial grant , and therefore was a sovereign principality subject only to the German emperor .", "From its foundation , the abbey Fulda and its territory was subject only to the German emperor , not to the control of the local lords ." ]
[ "The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana , a Medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 meaning the `` English Church '' .", "The term Anglican derives from a Medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 - ecclesia anglicana - meaning ` the English Church ' ." ]
[ "As an adjective , `` Anglican '' is used to describe the people , institutions and churches , as well as the liturgical traditions and theological concepts , developed by the Church of England .", "The noun Anglican is used to describe the people , institutions and churches as well as the liturgical traditions and theological concepts developed by the state established Church of England and the Anglican Communion , a theologically broad and often divergent affiliation of thirty-eight provinces that are in communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury ." ]
[ "The word Anglicanism came into being in the 19th century ; constructed from the older word Anglican .", "Anglicanism is a Protestant form of Christianity ." ]
[ "Anglicanism is a tradition within Christianity comprising the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or have similar beliefs , worship practices and church structures .", "Anglicanism is the term used for the doctrine , religious belief , faith , system , practice and principles of the Church of England and its overseas churches ." ]
[ "Botswana \\ / bɒtˈswɑːnə \\ / , officially the Republic of Botswana ( Tswana : Lefatshe la Botswana ) , is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa .", "Botswana ( officially called as Republic of Botswana ) is a country in southern Africa ." ]
[ "It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast , Namibia to the west and north , and Zimbabwe to the northeast .", "See also : List of cities in Botswana Botswana is bordered by the countries of Zimbabwe , South Africa and Namibia ." ]
[ "The plastid ( Greek : πλαστός ; plastós : formed , molded - plural plastids ) is a major organelle found in the cells of plants and algae .", "A plastid is a self-reproducing organelle of plants and algae ." ]
[ "Frontal bossing is usually seen in a few rare medical syndromes such as acromegaly - a chronic medical disorder in which the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone ( GH ) .", "Frontal bossing is usually seen in a few rare medical syndromes such as acromegaly - a chronic medical disorder in which the anterior pituitary gland makes to much growth hormone ( GH ) ." ]
[ "Skull bossing is the protuberance of various bones of the skull which most often occurs in the frontal bones beneath the forehead .", "Skull bossing is when the bones of the skull become bigger than normal which most often occurs in the frontal bones beneath the forehead ." ]
[ "Frontal bossing is the development of an unusually pronounced forehead which may also be associated with a heavier than normal brow ridge .", "Frontal bossing is when the forehead becomes bigger than normal which may also make the brow ridge stick out more ." ]
[ "Born in Boston , Adams was brought up in a religious and politically active family .", "Adams , born and raised in Boston , Massachusetts , was brought up in a religious family ." ]
[ "Samuel Adams ( September 27 ( O.S. September 16 ) 1722 - October 2 , 1803 ) was an American statesman , political philosopher , and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States .", "Samuel Adams ( September 27 ( OS ) , 1722-October 2 , 1803 ) was an American leader , politician , writer , and political philosopher , and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States ." ]
[ "Adams was the Massachusetts delegate appointed to the committee to draft the Articles of Confederation , the plan for the colonial confederation .", "Later , Adams helped draft the Articles of Confederation ." ]
[ "Adams was appointed to a three-man drafting committee with his cousin John Adams and James Bowdoin .", "Adams helped write the Massachusetts Constitution with James Bowdoin and his cousin John Adams ." ]
[ "Then a dishonest guest paid a visit to Hulda and convinced her to trade the wand for a piece of his beautiful jewelry .", "A dishonest guest paid a visit to Hulda and convinced her to trade the wand for a piece of his beautiful jewelry ." ]
[ "After finding a magical ring in her slice of cake , Hulda is given the opportunity to make a wish .", "After receiving the magical ring in her slice , Hulda is given the opportunity to make a wish ." ]
[ "The story revolves around Hulda , a lucky young girl in Norway who receives the opportunity to be granted a wish after finding a ring in her slice of cake .", "`` The Lost Wand '' is a fairy tale written by Jean Ingelow and published by The Wonder Box Tales in 1902 The story revolves around Hulda , a lucky young girl in Norway who receives the opportunity to be granted a wish after finding a ring in her slice of cake ." ]
[ "Much of Ingelow 's literature was influenced by the writings of Lewis Carroll and George Macdonald .", "A lot of Ingelow 's literature was influenced by the writings of Lewis Carroll and George Macdonald , and her stories were written specifically for children , not so much to teach a lesson ; but for entertainment , which was a relatively new concept during this time period ." ]
[ "A stew is a combination of solid food ingredients that have been cooked in liquid and served in the resultant gravy .", "A stew is a dish cooked for a long time , and served in the gravy produced by the cooking ." ]
[ "Johannes Kepler ( German : ( ˈkʰɛplɐ ) ; December 27 , 1571 - November 15 , 1630 ) was a German mathematician , astronomer , and astrologer .", "Johannes Kepler ( 27 December 1571 - 15 November 1630 ) was a German astronomer ." ]
[ "The Edo period ( 江戸時代 , Edo jidai ? )", "Edo period ( 江戸時代 , Edo-jidai ? )" ]
[ "The shogunate was officially established in Edo on March 24 , 1603 , by Tokugawa Ieyasu .", "The period is marked the governance of the Tokugawa shogunate , which was functionally established at Edo in 1603 by the Tokugawa Ieyasu ." ]
[ "The period came to an end with the Meiji Restoration on May 3 , 1868 , after the fall of Edo .", "The period ended with the Meiji Restoration , which was the restoration of imperial rule ." ]
[ "Pnau is an Australian dance music duo originating from Sydney , Australia .", "Pnau is an Australian dance music group ." ]
[ "V. are used to convey mixed emotions that are more difficult to convey with traditional emoticons .", "V. , are used to convey mixed emotions that are more difficult to convey with traditional emoticons ." ]
[ "Characters are sometimes added to emoticons to convey an anime or manga-styled sweat drop , for example : ^ _ ^ ' or ! )", "Characters are sometimes added to emoticons to convey a anime or manga-styled sweat drop , for example : ^ _ ^ ' or ! )" ]
[ "In web forums , instant messengers and online games , text emoticons are often automatically replaced with small corresponding images , which came to be called emoticons as well .", "In web forums , instant messengers and online games , text emoticons are often automatically replaced with small pictures , which came to be called emoticons as well ." ]
[ "In 1963 the `` smiley face '' , a yellow button with two black dots representing eyes and an upturned thick curve representing a mouth was created by freelance artist Harvey Ball .", "In 1963 the `` smiley face '' , a yellow button with two black dots representing eyes and an upturned thick curve representing a mouth , was created by freelance artist Harvey Ball ." ]
[ "The most basic emoticons are relatively consistent in form , but each of them can be transformed by being rotated ( making them tiny ambigrams ) , with or a without hyphen ( nose ) .", "The most basic emoticons are relatively consistent in form , but each of them can also be transformed by being rotated ( making them tiny ambigrams ) , with or a without hyphen ( nose ) ." ]
[ "Certain complex character combinations can only be accomplished in a double-byte language , giving rise to especially complex forms , sometimes known by their romanized Japanese name of kaomoji .", "Certain complex character combinations can only be accomplished in a double-byte language , giving rise to very complex forms , sometimes known by their romanized Japanese name of kaomoji ." ]
[ "and presents a smiling mouth .", "and presents a smiling mouth . ''" ]
[ "In these instances , the hyphen is almost always either omitted or , occasionally , replaced with an `` o '' as in = O .", "In these instances , the hyphen is almost always either omitted or , occasionally , replaced with an ` o ' as in = O ) ." ]