id
stringlengths 3
8
| url
stringlengths 31
233
| title
stringlengths 1
157
| text
stringlengths 0
292k
|
|---|---|---|---|
68607278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%20Oncle%20Thomas%20%281793%20ship%29 | Mon Oncle Thomas (1793 ship) | Mon Oncle Thomas was a three-masted privateer from La Rochelle. She was possibly the former Spanish Rosa, of 300 to 350 tonnes, captured in 1793. From at least 1799 on she made four cruises as a privateer. She participated in the short-lived recapture of the island of Gorée from the British. She made several highly profitable captures and engaged in at least one successful single-ship action. The British Royal Navy captured her in late 1804.
Career
At some point between 1797 and 1802 the Chégaray brothers commissioned Mon Oncle Thomas and put her under the command of Abraham-Jean-Louis Giscard.
1st privateering cruise (December 1799–April 1800): On 7 November 1800 Mon Oncle Thomas, Captain Jean Fizel, left La Rochelle. She cruised between the Azores and Cape Clear, and returned to Pauillac and La Rochelle on 22 January 1801.
In January 1801 Lloyd's List (LL) reported that Uncle Thomas, of Rochelle, had captured three British vessels and sent them into Rochelle. The three were Eliza, Brown, master, which had been sailing from London to Philadelphia, Britannia, Smith, master, which had been sailing from Martinique to London, and Brickwood, Stoddard, master, which had been sailing from Quebec to London.
In early 1801 My Oncle Thomas, of Rochelle, fitted out by Citizen Segaray, captured the British Guineaman , of twenty-six 18-pounder carronades, after an action in which the British captain was wounded. Leander was returning to England from Jamaica and was carrying a cargo of coffee, sugar, and indigo; she had an estimated value of Fr.1.5mn. Mon Oncle Thomas brought Leander into Bordeaux.
2nd privateering cruise (September 1803-January 1804): In the autumn the Chégary brothers and J.B.Gramont, of Bordeaux, fitted out Mon Oncle for her second cruise, and appointed André Papin as her captain.
In January 1804 Mon Oncle Thomas was at Dakar, Senegal. She had put into Dakar to request an extension of her letter of marque. The Commandant promised to renew the letter on condition that Mon Oncle Thomas join an expedition from Cayenne that had come to recapture the island of Gorée from the British. Captain Papin acceded to the request and on 17–8 January participated in the successful attack.
The French authorities at Senegal rewarded Papin by granting him 25,000 francs and 23 slaves. He immediately sold 19 of the slaves for 8,180 francs. When Mon Oncle Thomas arrived at Cayenne Papin sold the remaining four slaves to Farnous & Co., for 4,693 francs.
3rd privateering cruise (February 1804-June 1804): For her third cruise, Mon Oncle Thomas was under the command of Pierre d'Harambide.
On 16 April Mon Oncle Thomas captured the slave ship , Hassler, master, off the Windward Coast. Mon Oncle Thomas sent Venus into Cayenne.
LL reported in July 1804 that "Uncle Toby" had captured , Price, master, as Imperial was coming from Africa, and had sent Imperial into Cayenne.
At Cayenne Papin sold Venus and Imperial and the slaves they were carrying. Apparently they commanded a good price. Some, from one of the two prizes, sold for as much as 2,450 francs each; none sold for less than 2,008 francs each.
French sources report that the Tribunal of Commerce in La Rochelle valued the gains on the voyage from the sales of slaves, cargo, and captured vessels at 261,753 francs. One third of this amount when to the captain and crew of Mon Oncle Thomas; two thirds went to the investors in the vessel and the venture. In all, Mon Oncle Thomass second and third voyages together netted the Chégaray brothers and J.B.Grammont 900,000 francs.
4th privateering cruise (September 1804–November 1804): For her fourth cruise, Mon Oncle Thomas was again under the command of Auguste Papin.
LL reported in September that Uncle Thomas had captured at two vessels, Mary, of Greenock, which had been sailing to Virginia, and Two Sisters, of Dartmouth, which had been sailing from Newfoundland. Polly brought into Penzance on 3 September 11 crew from the vessels.
In November LL reported that Uncle Thomas had captured Abeona, which had been sailing from Falmouth to Quebec, and had taken Abeona into Vigo.
Fate
A British frigate captured Mon Oncle Thomas in the Atlantic in November 1804. The only mention of the capture in online British sources occurred in a letter dated 2 January 1805 from Lord Nelson to Commissioner Otway in Malta in which Nelson reported that had sent into Gibraltar the fast-sailing French privateer, Oncle Thomas, of eighteen 9-pounder guns. |
23061188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20C.%20Burda | Michael C. Burda | Michael Christopher Burda (born April 4, 1959) is an American macroeconomist and professor at the Humboldt University of Berlin.
Since 1993 he has served as director of the Institute for Economic Theory II and since 2007 visiting professor at the European School of Management and Technology (ESMT). He has also taught at Berkeley and INSEAD. In 1998, Burda received the Gossen Prize of the German Verein für Socialpolitik. He is research fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) and a fellow of the European Economic Association.
Burda received his B.A., M.A. and Ph.D. (1987) at Harvard University and is a fluent speaker of German. His research is primarily in macroeconomics, labor economics and issues of European integration.
In 2009, Burda and Charles Wyplosz published the 5th edition of their textbook Macroeconomics: A European Text, Oxford University Press, which has been translated into twelve other languages. Also, he is regularly involved in meetings regarding the financial and monetary system.
He was elected fellow of the European Economic Association.
Other activities
German Institute for Economic Research (DIW), Member of the Scientific Advisory Board |
7777015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decaisnea | Decaisnea | Decaisnea Lindl. is a synonym of Tropidia (plant), an orchid genus.
Decaisnea Hook.f &Thomson, (猫儿屎属 mao er shi shu) known commonly as dead man's fingers, blue bean plant, or blue sausage fruit, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lardizabalaceae. It is native to eastern Asia, from China west to Nepal and south to Myanmar.
The genus consists of one or two species, depending on taxonomic opinion. Decaisnea insignis (Griffith) Hook.f. & Thomson was described from Nepal, and is sometimes restricted to the plants occurring in the Himalaya, with Chinese plants distinguished as Decaisnea fargesii Franchet. The only cited distinction between the plants from the two regions is the fruit colour, yellow-green in D. insignis and bluish in D. fargesii. This is of little significance and the two are now combined under the older name D. insignis by some authors.
Decaisnea species are deciduous shrubs or small trees growing to 5 to 8 m tall with trunks up to 20 cm in diameter. The leaves are pinnate, 60 to 90 cm long, with up to 25 leaflets each up to 15 cm long and 10 cm broad. The flowers are produced in drooping panicles 25 to 50 cm long. Each flower is 3 to 6 cm wide with greenish-yellow sepals and no petals. The fruit is a soft greenish-yellow to blue-black pod-like follicle up to 10 cm long and 3 cm diameter. It contains a transparent, glutinous, jelly-like pulp containing numerous (around 40) flat black seeds about 1 cm wide. The pulp is edible, but the seeds are not. The flavor of D. fargesii fruit pulp has been described as sweet and similar to watermelon, and the texture described as "gelatinous". D. insignis fruit has been described as "bland" and jelly-like.
Cultivation and uses
Decaisnea is grown as an ornamental plant for its foliage and decorative fruit, bright blue in many cultivated specimens. Most plants in cultivation derive from Chinese seeds and are commonly grown under the name D. fargesii. The plants are successfully grown in cooler temperate climates, and in fertile, well-drained soil. They are tolerant of temperatures as low as .
The fruit is valued for eating by the Lepcha people of Sikkim.
Gallery |
44204605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Moth%20and%20the%20Flame%20%281915%20film%29 | The Moth and the Flame (1915 film) | The Moth and the Flame is a 1915 American silent drama film produced by Famous Players Film Company and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Sidney Olcott and is based upon the play of the same name by Clyde Fich.
Cast
Stewart Baird as Edward Fletcher
Edward Mordant as Mr. Dawson
Bradley Barker as Douglas Rhodes
Arthur Donaldson as Mr. Walton
Adele Rey as Marion Walton
Dora Mills Adams as Mrs. Walton
Irene Howley as Jeannette Graham
Maurice Stewart as Jeannette's child
Production notes
The film was shot in Jacksonville, Florida. |
67390187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanoje%20Mihald%C5%BEi%C4%87 | Stanoje Mihaldžić | Stanoje Mihaldžič (; 4 June 18923 June 1956) was a Yugoslav politician who served as the Minister of the Interior of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 26 August 1939 to 8 July 1940 and then as the Ban of Drina Banovina from 10 July 1940 to 17 April 1941.
Biography
Mihaldžić was born to Croatian Serb parents on 4 June 1892 in Jasenovac, then part of Austria-Hungary. After finishing elementary school in Zagreb, and high school in Budapest, he graduated from the Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb. During World War I, Mihaldžić volunteered in the Royal Serbian Army and fought on the Macedonian front as a reserve lieutenant.
After the war, Mihaldžić served as the police chief in Novi Sad, until his transfer to Subotica, and his next transfer to Zagreb. He was later named the Deputy Ban of Sava Banovina, and after the retirement of Ban Viktor Ružić, Mihaldžić served as acting Ban. He was one of the main initiators and member of many social, cultural and humanitarian organizations in Zagreb.
After the Cvetković-Maček agreement, a new government was formed on 26 August 1939, with Dragiša Cvetković of the Yugoslav Radical Union as Prime Minister and Vladko Maček of the Croatian Peasant Party as Deputy Prime Minister. Mihaldžić was named Minister of the Interior in this government. Mihaldžić was a Freemason and an Anglophile and in 1940, under the guise of an economic office in Belgrade, he employed a group of Slovenes who were spying for the British. Nazi Germany put pressure on the Yugoslav government, explaining that there were "too many Freemasons" in the government, and Mihaldžić was removed from office on 8 July 1940 and on 10 July 1940 named the Ban of the Drina Banovina, a post he held until the capitulation of Yugoslavia on 17 April 1941 to Nazi Germany in the April War.
According to some, he was killed in mid 1941 in Sarajevo by the Germans or Ustaše due to his ties with the British, and according to others he was captured by the Germans, taken to Graz and survived the war. His fate is still unknown. According to the "Serbian Biographical Dictionary", after the World War II, he lived in Belgrade and died on 3 June 1956. He was buried at the Mirogoj Cemetery in Zagreb. |
52287410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Believe%20%28Crystal%20Waters%20song%29 | Believe (Crystal Waters song) | "Believe" is a song recorded, written, and produced by American singer Crystal Waters, featuring the production team of Sted-E and Hybrid Heights (the aliases of Eddie Alcivar and Carlos Rosillo) The single, which borrows musical elements from Bizarre Inc.'s 1993 song "I'm Gonna Get You" and Jocelyn Brown's 1985 song "Love's Gonna Get You", reached number one on Billboard's Dance Club Songs chart in its November 26, 2016 issue, giving Waters her tenth chart topper, as well as their second number one as a collaboration, following "Synergy" in 2015.
Track listing
iTunes digital download
"Believe" (Club Mix) – 4:44
"Believe" (Original) – 3:13
"Believe" (StoneBridge Summa Swag) – 6:24
"Believe" (StoneBridge Pool Party Dub) – 5:24
"Believe" (StoneBridge Summa Swag Radio Edit) – 3:15
"Believe" (Paige Remix) – 5:54
"Believe" (Tony Moran & Bissen Remix) – 6:05
"Believe" (Kilø Shuhaibar Club Mix) – 5:04
"Believe" (Kilø Shuhaibar Dirty Dub) – 6:34
"Believe" (Kilø Shuhaibar Radio Edit) – 3:30
Charts |
10586981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maricopa%20Freeway | Maricopa Freeway | The Maricopa Freeway is one of the named principal freeways in the Phoenix metropolitan area. It consists of the following segments:
Interstate 17 in Phoenix, from the Durango Curve to The Split (Interstate 10)
Interstate 10, from The Split to Loop 202 in Chandler
Freeways in the Phoenix metropolitan area
Interstate 10 |
52738334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Benthall | William Benthall | William Henry Benthall (3 July 1837 – 4 January 1909) was an English first-class cricketer active 1858–68 who played for Middlesex. He played in 37 first-class matches as a righthanded batsman, scoring 1,030 runs with a highest score of 103.
Benthall was born in Westminster in 1837 and educated at Westminster School, Marlborough College and Clare College, Cambridge. He played cricket for Cambridge University and was awarded a blue. After graduating he became a civil servant and was a clerk in the Board of Control (the India Board) and then in the India Office. He was précis writer and assistant private secretary to three Secretaries of State for India: Sir Charles Wood (later Lord Halifax), Lord Cranborne (later Marquess of Salisbury) and Sir Stafford Northcote (later Earl of Iddesleigh). He was private secretary to the Duke of Argyll 1868–74. He died at St Leonards-on-Sea at age 71. |
2035008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Give%20Municipality | Give Municipality | Until 1 January 2007 Give municipality was a municipality (Danish, kommune) in Vejle County on the Jutland peninsula in southeast Denmark. The municipality covered an area of 403 km2, and had a total population of 14,090 (2005). Its last mayor was Villy Dahl Johansen. The main town and the site of its municipal council was the town of Give.
The municipality was created in 1970 due to a ("Municipality Reform") that combined the following parishes: Gadbjerg, Give, Givskud, Lindeballe, Ringive, Thyregod, Vester, Øster Nykirke, Give Birk, and Enkelund Birk parishes.
Give municipality ceased to exist as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007). It was merged with Børkop, Egtved, Jelling, and Vejle municipalities to form a new Vejle Municipality, and a part went to Billund Municipality, namely a part of Billund Airport located on properties in the parishes Lindeballe and Ringive. Vejle Municipality belongs to Region of Southern Denmark. |
70269376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy%20Susan%20%28restaurant%29 | Lazy Susan (restaurant) | Lazy Susan was a New American restaurant in Portland, Oregon's Montavilla neighborhood, in the United States. The business opened in early 2020, just prior to the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, and closed in July 2023.
Description
The restaurant Lazy Susan operated at the intersection of 80th Avenue and Stark Street, in the southeast Portland part of the Montavilla neighborhood. The restaurant's seating capacity was approximately 64.
The Oregonian has described Lazy Susan's menu as New American, with jerk quail, crudité platters, izakaya-style mackerel, pies, oysters, morels, prawns, short ribs, and whitefish dip and tender pork secreto. The brunch menu included bacon, cinnamon rolls, hash browns, potato doughnuts, and a Dutch baby pancake with maple-sage sausage and apple slices. Lazy Susan also served a bialy plate with house-cured lox. Pie varieties included beef brisket and porcini mushroom, butterscotch pumpkin with candied pepitas and whipped cream infused with pumpkin seed oil. The drink menu included the Passive Regression, which had whiskey, coffee crystals, Frangelico liqueur, condensed milk, cream soda, cinnamon, and salt. Lazy Susan also served slushies, described by Alex Frane and Michelle Lopez of Eater Portland as "generally goofy, fun, and incredibly well-balanced, using unusual twists to temper sweetness".
For Thanksgiving in 2021 and 2022, the restaurant's special dinner menu included turkey pot pie, mashed potatoes with wild mushroom gravy, squash, chicory salad, and crackers with whitefish spread, butterscotch pumpkin pie, and select wines by the bottle. The Hanukkah menu included wild mushroom matzah ball soup, sufganiyah, beef-tallow-fried hash browns, bialys, whitefish spread, and king salmon gravlax.
History
Lazy Susan was co-owned by Akkapong "Earl" Ninsom, as well as Andrew (who was also the culinary director) and Nora Mace. The restaurant opened in early 2020, weeks before the COVID-19 pandemic's arrival, in the space which previously housed The Country Cat. The interior was designed by Osmose Design.
According to Brooke Jackson-Glidden and Frane of Eater Portland, "when COVID-19 hit, the team pivoted into something closer to a backyard cookout, with grilled meats, potato salad, and seasonal vegetable sides". The restaurant initially resisted indoor dining. For a community-supported deli box with three other local businesses, Lazy Susan contributed sausage links with Calabrian chile. In 2021, the restaurant participated in the Nikkei Bake Sale, which raised funds for the Asian Pacific American Network of Oregon (APANO) and the Asian Mental Health Collective.
Outdoor seating capacity was temporarily reduced in 2023 due to road construction. The business later confirmed plans to close on July 23. An announcement read, "We are eternally grateful for all that have shown us love since March of 2020. It has been a wild ride. Pandemic, inflation, wildfires, record-breaking heatwaves, and you all still showed up. So now it's time to come show love one last time." The Asian restaurnat Yaowarat opened in the space in October 2023.
Reception
In 2021, Jordan Michelman of the Los Angeles Times highlighted how Lazy Susan and five other Portland restaurants overcame challenges associated with the pandemic to become "statement-making food destinations". He wrote, "In summer of 2021, Lazy Susan has emerged as one of the city's most notable new restaurants, synthesizing a diverse and global set of influences into a menu and bar program that defies easy categorization." Eater Portland Brooke Jackson-Glidden included Lazy Susan in a 2021 guide to weekend brunch in Portland and a 2022 list of 18 "date-worthy" restaurants in the city open on Mondays. She and Frane included the restaurant in a 2022 list of 19 "jaw-dropping" happy hours in Portland. Frane and Nathan Williams included Lazy Susan in a 2022 overview of recommended eateries in Montavilla. Michael Russell included the restaurant in The Oregonian's 2023 list of Portland's ten best new brunches. |
65403699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarvar%20Ikramov | Sarvar Ikramov | Sarvar Ikramov (born 10 January 1985) is an Uzbekistani former professional tennis player.
Born in Tashkent, Ikramov made an ATP Tour main draw appearance at the 2002 President's Cup in his birth city.
Ikramov made his Davis Cup debut in 2004 and represented Uzbekistan at the 2006 Asian Games.
During his Davis Cup career he featured in a total of eight ties, the last in 2013. He won three singles rubbers, with his best win coming against China's Zhang Ze. |
64345353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912%20Kansas%20gubernatorial%20election | 1912 Kansas gubernatorial election | The 1912 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1912. Democratic nominee George H. Hodges narrowly defeated Republican nominee Arthur Capper with 46.55% of the vote.
General election
Candidates
Major party candidates
George H. Hodges, Democratic
Arthur Capper, Republican
Other candidates
George W. Kleihege, Socialist
Results |
43680544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitalina%20Simonova | Vitalina Simonova | Vitalina Olegovna Simonova (; born 18 September 1992) is a Russian breaststroke swimmer. She finished third in the individual 200 m at the 2013 European Short Course Swimming Championships, but later received a silver medal after the winner, Yuliya Yefimova, failed a doping test. She was also part of the Russian mixed medley relay team that won a bronze medal at the 2014 European Aquatics Championships.
Simonova also competes in the freestyle with fins, and won two world titles in 2012, in the 50 m and 100 m events. |
71494190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegorari | Pegorari | José Guilherme Guidolin Pegorari (born 12 July 1991), commonly known as Pegorari, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Guarani.
Club career
Born in Americana, São Paulo, Pegorari joined Palmeiras' youth setup in 2007, from hometown side Rio Branco-SP. On 22 May 2012, he was loaned to Oeste for the remainder of the Série C.
On 7 January 2013, Pegorari moved on loan to Bragantino until the end of the 2013 Campeonato Paulista. On 17 December, he returned to the club, also on loan.
In May 2014, Pegorari was loaned to Guarani until the end of the year. On 9 May 2015, shortly after his loan expired, he signed a permanent deal with the club.
Pegorari was a regular starter for Bugre during the 2016 Campeonato Paulista Série A2, and moved to third division side Portuguesa on 31 May of that year. On 10 November, after the latter's relegation, he signed for Linense.
On 18 May 2018, Pegorari agreed to a deal with Botafogo-SP, but was only a backup option. He signed a contract with Ituano on 6 November, and immediately became a regular starter for his new club.
On 15 August 2019, Pegorari renewed with Ituano until December 2020, and was loaned to Série B side Figueirense for the remainder of the year. Upon returning to his parent club, he was again a first-choice, and further extended his contract until 2023 on 5 August 2020.
On 4 August 2022, Pegorari signed a deal with Série A side Juventude until December 2023. He made his debut in the top tier two days later at the age of 31, starting in a 1–0 home loss against América Mineiro.
Career statistics
Honours
Ituano
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C: 2021 |
20790823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucilla%20Wright | Lucilla Wright | Lucilla Mary Wright (born 24 December 1979 in Birmingham, West Midlands) is a female former English field hockey international.
Hockey career
Wright was a member of the England and Great Britain women's field hockey teams during the late 1990s and 2000s.
She represented England and won a silver medal, at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Four years later she won a second silver medal at the 2002 Commonwealth Games and won a bronze medal in 2006. She played for Olton & West Warwickshire Hockey Club. |
1726928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airline%20hub | Airline hub | An airline hub or hub airport is an airport used by one or more airlines to concentrate passenger traffic and flight operations. Hubs serve as transfer (or stop-over) points to help get passengers to their final destination. It is part of the hub-and-spoke system. An airline may operate flights from several non-hub (spoke) cities to the hub airport, and passengers traveling between spoke cities connect through the hub. This paradigm creates economies of scale that allow an airline to serve (via an intermediate connection) city-pairs that could otherwise not be economically served on a non-stop basis. This system contrasts with the point-to-point model, in which there are no hubs and nonstop flights are instead offered between spoke cities. Hub airports also serve origin and destination (O&D) traffic.
Operations
The hub-and-spoke system allows an airline to serve fewer routes, so fewer aircraft are needed. The system also increases passenger loads; a flight from a hub to a spoke carries not just passengers originating at the hub, but also passengers originating at multiple spoke cities. However, the system is costly. Additional employees and facilities are needed to cater to connecting passengers. To serve spoke cities of varying populations and demand, an airline requires several aircraft types, and specific training and equipment are necessary for each type. In addition, airlines may experience capacity constraints as they expand at their hub airports.
For the passenger, the hub-and-spoke system offers one-stop air service to a wide array of destinations. However, it requires having to regularly make connections en route to their final destination, which increases travel time. Additionally, airlines can come to monopolise their hubs (fortress hubs), allowing them to freely increase fares as passengers have no alternative. High domestic connectivity in the United States is achieved through airport location and hub dominance. The top 10 megahubs in the US are dominated by American Airlines, Delta Air Lines and United Airlines, the three largest United States-based airlines.
Banking
Airlines may operate banks of flights at their hubs, in which several flights arrive and depart within short periods of time. The banks may be known as "peaks" of activity at the hubs and the non-banks as "valleys". Banking allows for short connection times for passengers. However, an airline must assemble many resources to cater to the influx of flights during a bank, and having several aircraft on the ground at the same time can lead to congestion and delays. In addition, banking could result in inefficient aircraft utilisation, with aircraft waiting at spoke cities for the next bank.
Instead, some airlines have debanked their hubs, introducing a "rolling hub" in which flight arrivals and departures are spread throughout the day. This phenomenon is also known as "depeaking". While costs may decrease, connection times are longer at a rolling hub. American Airlines was the first to depeak its hubs, trying to improve profitability following the September 11 attacks. It rebanked its hubs in 2015, however, feeling the gain in connecting passengers would outweigh the rise in costs.
For example, the hub of Qatar Airways in Doha Airport has 471 daily movements to 140 destinations by March 2020 with an average of 262 seats per movement; in three main waves: 5h-9h (132 movements), 16h-21h (128) and 23h-3h (132), allowing around 30 million connecting passengers in 2019.
History
United States
Before the US airline industry was deregulated in 1978, most airlines operated under the point-to-point system (with a notable exception being Pan Am). The Civil Aeronautics Board dictated which routes an airline could fly. At the same time, however, some airlines began to experiment with the hub-and-spoke system. Delta Air Lines was the first to implement such a system, providing service to remote spoke cities from its Atlanta hub. After deregulation, many airlines quickly established hub-and-spoke route networks of their own.
Middle East
In 1974, the governments of Bahrain, Oman, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates took control of Gulf Air from the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). Gulf Air became the flag carrier of the four Middle Eastern nations. It linked Oman, Qatar and the UAE to its Bahrain hub, from which it offered flights to destinations throughout Europe and Asia. In the UAE, Gulf Air focused on Abu Dhabi rather than Dubai, contrary to the aspirations of UAE Prime Minister Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum to transform the latter into a world-class metropolis. Sheikh Mohammed proceeded to establish a new airline based in Dubai, Emirates, which launched operations in 1985.
Elsewhere in the Middle East region, Qatar and Oman decided to create their own airlines as well. Qatar Airways and Oman Air were both founded in 1993, with hubs at Doha and Muscat respectively. As the new airlines grew, their home nations relied less on Gulf Air to provide air service. Qatar withdrew its share in Gulf Air in 2002. In 2003, the UAE formed another national airline, Etihad Airways, which is based in Abu Dhabi. The country exited Gulf Air in 2006, and Oman followed in 2007. Gulf Air therefore became fully owned by the government of Bahrain.
Emirates, Qatar Airways, Saudia and Etihad Airways have since established large hubs at their respective home airports. The hubs, which benefit from their proximity to large population centres, have become popular stopover points on trips between Europe and Asia, for example. Their rapid growth has impacted the development of traditional hubs, such as London-Heathrow, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, and New York-JFK.
Types of hubs
Cargo hubs and scissor hubs
A cargo hub is an airport that primarily is operated by a cargo airline that uses the hub-and-spoke system. In the United States, two of the largest cargo hub airports, FedEx's Memphis Superhub and UPS Louisville Worldport, are close to the mean center of the United States population. FedEx's airline, FedEx Express, established its Memphis hub in 1973, prior to the deregulation of the air cargo industry in the United States. The system has created an efficient delivery system for the airline. UPS Airlines has followed a similar pattern in Louisville. In Europe, ASL Airlines, Cargolux and DHL Aviation follow a similar strategy and operate their primary hubs at Liège, Luxembourg and Leipzig respectively.
Additionally, Ted Stevens International Airport in Anchorage, Alaska, is a frequent stop-over hub for many cargo airlines flying between Asia and North America. Most cargo airlines only stop in Anchorage for refueling and customs, but FedEx and UPS frequently use Anchorage to sort trans-pacific packages between regional hubs on each continent in addition to refueling and customs.
Passenger airlines that operate in a similar manner to the FedEx and UPS hubs are often regarded as scissor hubs, as many flights to one destination all land and deplane passengers simultaneously and, after a passenger transit period, repeat a similar process for departure to the final destination of each plane. Air India operates a scissor hub at London's Heathrow Airport, where passengers from Delhi, Ahmedabad, and Mumbai can continue onto a flight to Newark. Until its grounding, Jet Airways operated a similar scissor hub at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol to transport passengers from Bangalore, Mumbai and Delhi to Toronto-Pearson and vice versa. At the peak of operations at their former scissor hub at Brussels prior to the 2016 shift to Schiphol, flights operated from Mumbai, Delhi, and Chennai and continued onward to Toronto, New York, and Newark after a near-simultaneous stopover in Brussels and vice versa. An international scissor hub could be used for third and fourth freedom flights or it could be used for fifth freedom flights, for which a precursor is a bilateral treaty between two country pairs.
WestJet used to utilize St. John's as a scissor hub during its summer schedule for flights inbound from Ottawa, Toronto, and Orlando and outbound to Dublin and London–Gatwick. Qantas similarly used to utilize Los Angeles International Airport as a scissor hub for flights inbound from Melbourne, Brisbane or Sydney, where passengers could connect onwards if traveling to New York–JFK.
Focus city
In the airline industry, a focus city is a destination from which an airline operates limited point-to-point routes. A focus city primarily caters to the local market rather than to connecting passengers.
Although the term focus city is used to mainly refer to an airport from which an airline operates limited point-to-point routes, its usage has loosely expanded to refer to a small-scale hub as well. For example, even though JetBlue's operations at New York–JFK resemble that of a hub, the airline still refers to it as a focus city.
Fortress hub
A fortress hub exists when an airline controls a significant majority of the market at one of its hubs. Competition is particularly difficult at fortress hubs. , examples included Delta Air Lines at Atlanta, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul and Salt Lake City; American Airlines at Charlotte, Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami, and Philadelphia; and United Airlines at Houston–Intercontinental, Newark and Washington-Dulles.
Flag carriers have historically enjoyed similar dominance at the main international airport of their countries and some still do. Examples include Aeromexico in Mexico City, Air Canada in Toronto–Pearson, Air France in Paris–Charles de Gaulle, British Airways in London–Heathrow, Cathay Pacific in Hong Kong, Copa Airlines in Panama City, Emirates in Dubai, Ethiopian Airlines in Addis Ababa, Finnair in Helsinki, Iberia in Madrid, Japan Airlines in Tokyo-Haneda, Iran Air in Imam Khomeini, Aeroflot in Sheremetyevo, Korean Air at Seoul–Incheon, KLM in Amsterdam, Lufthansa in Frankfurt, Qantas in Sydney, Qatar Airways in Doha, Singapore Airlines in Singapore, South African Airways in Johannesburg, Swiss International Air Lines in Zurich, Turkish Airlines in Istanbul and Aegean Airlines in Athens.
Primary and secondary hubs
A primary hub is the main hub for an airline. However, as an airline expands operations at its primary hub to the point that it experiences capacity limitations, it may elect to open secondary hubs. Examples of such hubs are Air Canada's hubs at Montréal–Trudeau and Vancouver, British Airways' hub at London–Gatwick, Air India's hub at Mumbai and Lufthansa's hub at Munich. By operating multiple hubs, airlines can expand their geographic reach. They can also better serve spoke–spoke markets, providing more itineraries with connections at different hubs.
Cargo airlines like FedEx Express and UPS Airlines also operate secondary hubs to an extent, but these are primarily used to serve regional high-demand destinations because shipping packages through its main hub would waste fuel; an example of this would be FedEx transiting a package through Oakland International Airport when shipping packages between destinations near Seattle and Phoenix, Arizona instead of sending deliveries through the Memphis Superhub.
Reliever hub
A given hub's capacity may become exhausted or capacity shortages may occur during peak periods of the day, at which point airlines may be compelled to shift traffic to a reliever hub. A reliever hub has the potential to serve several functions for an airline: it can bypass the congested hub, it can absorb excess demand for flights that could otherwise not be scheduled at the congested hub, and it can schedule new O&D city pairs for connecting traffic.
One of the most recognized examples of this model is Delta Air Lines' and American Airlines' uses of LaGuardia Airport as a domestic hub in New York City, due to capacity and slot restrictions at their hubs at John F. Kennedy International Airport. Many regional flights operate out of LaGuardia, while most international and long-haul domestic flights remain at JFK.
Lufthansa operates a similar model of business with its hubs at Frankfurt Airport and Munich Airport. Generally speaking, a marginal majority of the airline's long-haul flights are based out of Frankfurt, while a similarly-sized but smaller minority are based out of Munich.
Moonlight hub
In past history, carriers have maintained niche, time-of-day operations at hubs. The most notable was America West's use of McCarran International Airport (now named after longtime Nevada Senator Harry Reid) in Las Vegas as a primary night-flight hub to increase aircraft utilization rates far beyond those of competing carriers. |
3522825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Pearn | Mark Pearn | Mark Pearn (born 21 March 1977 in Bristol, England) is a male retired English field hockey player.
Hockey career
Pearn was a member of the England and Great Britain squads, making his debut for England against the Netherlands in the 1995 Champions Trophy in Berlin. He scored his first international goal against India in the tournament to become the youngest player to score for England at just 18 years old.
He participated in two Summer Olympics in 2000 and 2004, as well as in the 1998 Men's Hockey World Cup, the 2002 Men's Hockey World Cup, the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
Pearn was voted UK Player of the Year by members of the Hockey Writers' Club twice, in 2000 and 2011.
He initially retired in 2005 but returned to international hockey in 2011 at the age of 34 to challenge for a place in the 2012 London Olympic Games. Having played in the 2011 London Cup, the 2011 European Championship, 2011 Champions Trophy and 2012 London Olympics Test Event, he was not selected for the final Olympic squad and retired for the second time in 2012.
Pearn has played club hockey for Stroud, Gloucester City, Reading, Real Club de Polo de Barcelona , East Grinstead (player/coach) and Richmond (player/assistant coach).
Pearn signed as the head coach of Surbiton men's first team in May 2016. |
64780707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyacheslav%20Gretsky | Vyacheslav Gretsky | Vyacheslav Gretsky (born December 23, 1996) is a Belarusian professional ice hockey centre. He tried out for HK Neman Grodno of the Belarusian Extraleague in 2021. Since August 23, 2022, he plays for Amur Khabarovsk in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL).
Playing career
Gretsky made his professional debut for the Kontinental Hockey League's HC Dinamo Minsk in 2019 following a trial and played in 19 regular season games, scoring one goal and two assists. He was voted into the 2020 KHL All-Star Game by fans. He wears the number 99. as did his soundalike, Wayne Gretzky. |
2874721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USD%20%28disambiguation%29 | USD (disambiguation) | USD is an abbreviation for the United States dollar, the official currency of the United States.
USD may also refer to:
Ultrasonic Silent Drive, Tamron lens designation
Under Secretary of Defense, United States
Unified school district
(USD), the French name of the Special Handling Unit (SHU) at the Regional Reception Centre, a Canadian prison
Sanata Dharma University (Universitas Sanata Dharma), Indonesia
University of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States
Universal Scene Description, an open-source graphics framework by Pixar, and associated file format
The Upside Down, Houdini's term for the Chinese Water Torture Cell
Upside-down motorcycle fork |
39781451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Parker | Harold Parker | Harold Parker may refer to:
Harold Parker (sculptor) (1873–1962), British-born Australian sculptor
Harold Parker (footballer) (1892–1917), Australian rules footballer
Harold Parker (civil servant) (1895–1980), English civil servant
Harry Parker (wrestler) (Harold Parker, 1917–2008), British wrestler
Harold Parker State Forest, Massachusetts |
64460970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%202007%20Spanish%20local%20elections%20%28Cantabria%29 | Results breakdown of the 2007 Spanish local elections (Cantabria) | This is the results breakdown of the local elections held in Cantabria on 27 May 2007. The following tables show detailed results in the autonomous community's most populous municipalities, sorted alphabetically.
City control
The following table lists party control in the most populous municipalities, including provincial capitals (shown in bold). Gains for a party are displayed with the cell's background shaded in that party's colour.
Municipalities
Santander
Population: 182,926
Torrelavega
Population: 56,143 |
53482455 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20of%20Science%2C%20Technology%20and%20Innovation%20%28Malaysia%29 | Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation (Malaysia) | The Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation has been Chang Lih Kang since 3 December 2022. He is deputised by Deputy Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation. The minister administers the portfolio through the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.
List of ministers
Technology
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Technology, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party:
Science
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Science, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party:
Innovation
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Innovation, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party:
Research
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Research, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party:
Green technology
The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Green Technology, or any of its precedent titles:
Political party: |
6020604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden%20Peninsula | Garden Peninsula | The Garden Peninsula is a peninsula of in length that extends southwestward into Lake Michigan from the mainland of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The peninsula is bordered by Lake Michigan on the east, and by Big Bay de Noc on the west. The base of the peninsula is served by U.S. Highway 2, and the peninsula's west shore is reached by M-183. The largest settlement on the peninsula is the village of Garden.
Many of the peninsula's hardwoods were cut down for use in the charcoal-fired iron furnaces operated by the Jackson Iron Company in 1867–1891 at what is now Fayette State Park, on the peninsula's western shore. With its access to Great Lakes shipping, the remaining lumber of the Garden Peninsula was largely logged by the 1890s. However, the area is still home to endemic plants and disjunct populations.
After the conclusion of the old-growth logging era, homesteaders tried to develop an agricultural economy on the cleared land; but these efforts largely failed in the 20th century, the main exceptions being fruit such as strawberries. Much of the peninsula reverted to second-growth woodland within the Lake Superior State Forest.
Most of the peninsula is part of Delta County, although a small portion in the east is part of Schoolcraft County.
Formation
The Garden Peninsula is part of the western sill of limestone bedrock of the Niagara Escarpment. The other surviving portion of the sill is now Wisconsin's Door Peninsula. Parts of the limestone sill between the Door and Garden peninsulas have been eroded away by glaciers. An archipelago of islands south of the Garden Peninsula spans the gap between the two peninsulas, and hems in Green Bay, Lake Michigan's largest bay, to the west. The Garden Peninsula's line of limestone hills reaches as high as 165 feet (56 m) above the water at Burnt Bluff south of Fayette.
The island-strewn waters around the Garden Peninsula continue to yield a harvest of freshwater fish. One of the peninsula's largest bays, Gillnet Haven Bay southeast of Fayette on the peninsula's eastern shore, commemorates the gill nets used by Lake Michigan's Native American fishermen.
Settlements
Fairport
Fayette
Garden
Garden Corners
Thompson |
40652959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20English%20artists%20nominated%20for%20MTV%20Europe%20Music%20Awards | List of English artists nominated for MTV Europe Music Awards | The following is a list of English artists nominated for MTV Europe Music Awards. List does not include MTV Europe Music Award for Best UK & Ireland Act, New Sounds of Europe or MTV Europe Music Award for Best European Act. Winners are in bold text.
MTV Europe Music Awards |
16994930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Baker%20Younes | Mohamed Baker Younes | Mohamed Baker Mahmoud Younes (; born 7 July 1984) is a Lebanese footballer who plays as a right-back for club Nabi Chit.
Honours
Ansar
Lebanese FA Cup: 2009–10
Lebanese Super Cup: 2011
Duhok
Iraqi Premier League: 2009–10
Ahed
Lebanese Elite Cup: 2011
Safa
Lebanese Super Cup: 2013
Individual
Lebanese Premier League Team of the Season: 2007–08 |
325077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20theory | Domain theory | Domain theory is a branch of mathematics that studies special kinds of partially ordered sets (posets) commonly called domains. Consequently, domain theory can be considered as a branch of order theory. The field has major applications in computer science, where it is used to specify denotational semantics, especially for functional programming languages. Domain theory formalizes the intuitive ideas of approximation and convergence in a very general way and is closely related to topology.
Motivation and intuition
The primary motivation for the study of domains, which was initiated by Dana Scott in the late 1960s, was the search for a denotational semantics of the lambda calculus. In this formalism, one considers "functions" specified by certain terms in the language. In a purely syntactic way, one can go from simple functions to functions that take other functions as their input arguments. Using again just the syntactic transformations available in this formalism, one can obtain so-called fixed-point combinators (the best-known of which is the Y combinator); these, by definition, have the property that f(Y(f)) = Y(f) for all functions f.
To formulate such a denotational semantics, one might first try to construct a model for the lambda calculus, in which a genuine (total) function is associated with each lambda term. Such a model would formalize a link between the lambda calculus as a purely syntactic system and the lambda calculus as a notational system for manipulating concrete mathematical functions. The combinator calculus is such a model. However, the elements of the combinator calculus are functions from functions to functions; in order for the elements of a model of the lambda calculus to be of arbitrary domain and range, they could not be true functions, only partial functions.
Scott got around this difficulty by formalizing a notion of "partial" or "incomplete" information to represent computations that have not yet returned a result. This was modeled by considering, for each domain of computation (e.g. the natural numbers), an additional element that represents an undefined output, i.e. the "result" of a computation that never ends. In addition, the domain of computation is equipped with an ordering relation, in which the "undefined result" is the least element.
The important step to finding a model for the lambda calculus is to consider only those functions (on such a partially ordered set) that are guaranteed to have least fixed points. The set of these functions, together with an appropriate ordering, is again a "domain" in the sense of the theory. But the restriction to a subset of all available functions has another great benefit: it is possible to obtain domains that contain their own function spaces, i.e. one gets functions that can be applied to themselves.
Beside these desirable properties, domain theory also allows for an appealing intuitive interpretation. As mentioned above, the domains of computation are always partially ordered. This ordering represents a hierarchy of information or knowledge. The higher an element is within the order, the more specific it is and the more information it contains. Lower elements represent incomplete knowledge or intermediate results.
Computation then is modeled by applying monotone functions repeatedly on elements of the domain in order to refine a result. Reaching a fixed point is equivalent to finishing a calculation. Domains provide a superior setting for these ideas since fixed points of monotone functions can be guaranteed to exist and, under additional restrictions, can be approximated from below.
A guide to the formal definitions
In this section, the central concepts and definitions of domain theory will be introduced. The above intuition of domains being information orderings will be emphasized to motivate the mathematical formalization of the theory. The precise formal definitions are to be found in the dedicated articles for each concept. A list of general order-theoretic definitions, which include domain theoretic notions as well can be found in the order theory glossary. The most important concepts of domain theory will nonetheless be introduced below.
Directed sets as converging specifications
As mentioned before, domain theory deals with partially ordered sets to model a domain of computation. The goal is to interpret the elements of such an order as pieces of information or (partial) results of a computation, where elements that are higher in the order extend the information of the elements below them in a consistent way. From this simple intuition it is already clear that domains often do not have a greatest element, since this would mean that there is an element that contains the information of all other elements—a rather uninteresting situation.
A concept that plays an important role in the theory is that of a directed subset of a domain; a directed subset is a non-empty subset of the order in which any two elements have an upper bound that is an element of this subset. In view of our intuition about domains, this means that any two pieces of information within the directed subset are consistently extended by some other element in the subset. Hence we can view directed subsets as consistent specifications, i.e. as sets of partial results in which no two elements are contradictory. This interpretation can be compared with the notion of a convergent sequence in analysis, where each element is more specific than the preceding one. Indeed, in the theory of metric spaces, sequences play a role that is in many aspects analogous to the role of directed sets in domain theory.
Now, as in the case of sequences, we are interested in the limit of a directed set. According to what was said above, this would be an element that is the most general piece of information that extends the information of all elements of the directed set, i.e. the unique element that contains exactly the information that was present in the directed set, and nothing more. In the formalization of order theory, this is just the least upper bound of the directed set. As in the case of the limit of a sequence, the least upper bound of a directed set does not always exist.
Naturally, one has a special interest in those domains of computations in which all consistent specifications converge, i.e. in orders in which all directed sets have a least upper bound. This property defines the class of directed-complete partial orders, or dcpo for short. Indeed, most considerations of domain theory do only consider orders that are at least directed complete.
From the underlying idea of partially specified results as representing incomplete knowledge, one derives another desirable property: the existence of a least element. Such an element models that state of no information—the place where most computations start. It also can be regarded as the output of a computation that does not return any result at all.
Computations and domains
Now that we have some basic formal descriptions of what a domain of computation should be, we can turn to the computations themselves. Clearly, these have to be functions, taking inputs from some computational domain and returning outputs in some (possibly different) domain. However, one would also expect that the output of a function will contain more information when the information content of the input is increased. Formally, this means that we want a function to be monotonic.
When dealing with dcpos, one might also want computations to be compatible with the formation of limits of a directed set. Formally, this means that, for some function f, the image f(D) of a directed set D (i.e. the set of the images of each element of D) is again directed and has as a least upper bound the image of the least upper bound of D. One could also say that f preserves directed suprema. Also note that, by considering directed sets of two elements, such a function also has to be monotonic. These properties give rise to the notion of a Scott-continuous function. Since this often is not ambiguous one also may speak of continuous functions.
Approximation and finiteness
Domain theory is a purely qualitative approach to modeling the structure of information states. One can say that something contains more information, but the amount of additional information is not specified. Yet, there are some situations in which one wants to speak about elements that are in a sense much simpler (or much more incomplete) than a given state of information. For example, in the natural subset-inclusion ordering on some powerset, any infinite element (i.e. set) is much more "informative" than any of its finite subsets.
If one wants to model such a relationship, one may first want to consider the induced strict order < of a domain with order ≤. However, while this is a useful notion in the case of total orders, it does not tell us much in the case of partially ordered sets. Considering again inclusion-orders of sets, a set is already strictly smaller than another, possibly infinite, set if it contains just one less element. One would, however, hardly agree that this captures the notion of being "much simpler".
Way-below relation
A more elaborate approach leads to the definition of the so-called order of approximation, which is more suggestively also called the way-below relation. An element x is way below an element y, if, for every directed set D with supremum such that
,
there is some element d in D such that
.
Then one also says that x approximates y and writes
.
This does imply that
,
since the singleton set {y} is directed. For an example, in an ordering of sets, an infinite set is way above any of its finite subsets. On the other hand, consider the directed set (in fact, the chain) of finite sets
Since the supremum of this chain is the set of all natural numbers N, this shows that no infinite set is way below N.
However, being way below some element is a relative notion and does not reveal much about an element alone. For example, one would like to characterize finite sets in an order-theoretic way, but even infinite sets can be way below some other set. The special property of these finite elements x is that they are way below themselves, i.e.
.
An element with this property is also called compact. Yet, such elements do not have to be "finite" nor "compact" in any other mathematical usage of the terms. The notation is nonetheless motivated by certain parallels to the respective notions in set theory and topology. The compact elements of a domain have the important special property that they cannot be obtained as a limit of a directed set in which they did not already occur.
Many other important results about the way-below relation support the claim that this definition is appropriate to capture many important aspects of a domain.
Bases of domains
The previous thoughts raise another question: is it possible to guarantee that all elements of a domain can be obtained as a limit of much simpler elements? This is quite relevant in practice, since we cannot compute infinite objects but we may still hope to approximate them arbitrarily closely.
More generally, we would like to restrict to a certain subset of elements as being sufficient for getting all other elements as least upper bounds. Hence, one defines a base of a poset P as being a subset B of P, such that, for each x in P, the set of elements in B that are way below x contains a directed set with supremum x. The poset P is a continuous poset if it has some base. Especially, P itself is a base in this situation. In many applications, one restricts to continuous (d)cpos as a main object of study.
Finally, an even stronger restriction on a partially ordered set is given by requiring the existence of a base of finite elements. Such a poset is called algebraic. From the viewpoint of denotational semantics, algebraic posets are particularly well-behaved, since they allow for the approximation of all elements even when restricting to finite ones. As remarked before, not every finite element is "finite" in a classical sense and it may well be that the finite elements constitute an uncountable set.
In some cases, however, the base for a poset is countable. In this case, one speaks of an ω-continuous poset. Accordingly, if the countable base consists entirely of finite elements, we obtain an order that is ω-algebraic.
Special types of domains
A simple special case of a domain is known as an elementary or flat domain. This consists of a set of incomparable elements, such as the integers, along with a single "bottom" element considered smaller than all other elements.
One can obtain a number of other interesting special classes of ordered structures that could be suitable as "domains". We already mentioned continuous posets and algebraic posets. More special versions of both are continuous and algebraic cpos. Adding even further completeness properties one obtains continuous lattices and algebraic lattices, which are just complete lattices with the respective properties. For the algebraic case, one finds broader classes of posets that are still worth studying: historically, the Scott domains were the first structures to be studied in domain theory. Still wider classes of domains are constituted by SFP-domains, L-domains, and bifinite domains.
All of these classes of orders can be cast into various categories of dcpos, using functions that are monotone, Scott-continuous, or even more specialized as morphisms. Finally, note that the term domain itself is not exact and thus is only used as an abbreviation when a formal definition has been given before or when the details are irrelevant.
Important results
A poset D is a dcpo if and only if each chain in D has a supremum. (The 'if' direction relies on the axiom of choice.)
If f is a continuous function on a domain D then it has a least fixed point, given as the least upper bound of all finite iterations of f on the least element ⊥:
.
This is the Kleene fixed-point theorem. The symbol is the directed join.
Generalizations
Topological domain theory
A continuity space is a generalization of metric spaces and posets that can be used to unify the notions of metric spaces and domains. |
8516655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosie%20Hamlin | Rosie Hamlin | Rosalie "Rosie" Hamlin (July 21, 1945 – March 30, 2017) was an American singer and songwriter who was the frontwoman of the group Rosie and the Originals, best known for the 1960 song "Angel Baby", which became a Top 40 hit in 1961 when Hamlin was only 15 years old. She married guitarist, Noah Tafolla, and they had two children (Joseph and Deborah) before they divorced. Hamlin had a third child (John) several years later. Hamlin continued to perform including performing at several revival concerts until 2002, before retiring from live performances due to advanced fibromyalgia.
Hamlin's "Angel Baby" was covered by several artists, including Linda Ronstadt and John Lennon, who cited Hamlin as one of his favorite singers. She was the first Latina to be honored by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as well as the first Latina to appear on Dick Clark's American Bandstand in 1961.
Early life
Rosalie "Rosie" Méndez Hamlin was born in Klamath Falls, Oregon, on July 21, 1945, to Ofelia Juana Méndez and Harry Hamlin (not to be confused with the actor of the same name). Her mother was Mexican, and her father was of Anglo-American ancestry. She spent part of her childhood between Anchorage, Alaska and California, before her family moved to National City, California. Hamlin came from a musical family; her father and grandfather were both musicians who had backgrounds in vaudeville.
Hamlin began singing with a band at 13. She wrote the lyrics for "Angel Baby" as a poem for "[her] very first boyfriend" when she was 14 years old, still attending Mission Bay High School in San Diego, California. During her childhood, Hamlin was trained to play piano.
Career
At age fifteen, Hamlin and some friends rented the only recording studio they could find within 100 miles of San Diego located in San Marcos, California, to record the song. The studio was owned by an airplane mechanic who had taken part of his hangar to make it. After taking the master to a Kresge's department store in downtown San Diego, they convinced a manager to play it in the listening booth of the store's music department. The song received positive reactions from teenage listeners, and a scout from Highland Records offered the group a recording contract, under the condition that the company take possession of the master recording, and that David Ponce be named as the author of the song, as he was the eldest member of the group. Hamlin along with her band performed six shows with Jackie Wilson at the Brooklyn Paramount Theatre in New York City in late 1960.
"Angel Baby", which featured Hamlin's noted soprano vocals, made its radio debut in November 1960, before the group had even received their contract; the track was also played on K-Day Radio from disc jockey Alan Freed. When the group formally established a contract, Hamlin found that she was ineligible to collect record royalties from the song because she was not listed as the songwriter. This led to the group's break-up, and although Hamlin secured the copyright to her music in 1961, decades of battles over royalties followed. "Angel Baby" charted at number 5 on the Billboard Singles Chart. On March 30, 1961, Hamlin appeared with Rosie and the Originals on Dick Clark's American Bandstand, performing "Lonely Blue Nights", making her the first Latina to appear on the series.
In 2001, Hamlin released Angel Baby Revisited, which features original recordings and other performances, as well as a Spanglish version of "Angel Baby," which featured lyrics that alternate between English and Spanish. She would perform revival shows in 2002, including performances at Madison Square Garden, before formally retiring from performing due to advanced fibromyalgia.
Personal life
Hamlin formally retired from the music industry in 1963 after her marriage to Originals guitarist Noah Tafolla. The couple had two children, Joey and Deborah ( 1964).
Death
Hamlin died in her sleep of undisclosed causes on March 30, 2017 at her home in New Mexico. Her family confirmed she had suffered health problems in the course of her later life which prevented her from performing live.
Legacy
Hamlin's track "Angel Baby" was cited by John Lennon as one of his favorite songs, and he covered the track in 1975. She was the first Latina to be honored by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, on their Wall of One-Hit Wonders. In July 2007, a concert honoring Hamlin was held at the Pearson Park Amphitheater in Anaheim, California. |
24662052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honghuagang%20District | Honghuagang District | Honghuagang District () is a district of the city of Zunyi, Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of Zunyi city. Its population as of 2002 was 470,000.
Administrative divisions
Honghuagang District is divided into 14 subdistricts and 9 towns:
Laocheng Subdistrict (老城街道)
Wanlilu Subdistrict (万里路街道)
Zhonghualu Subdistrict (中华路街道)
Nanmenguan Subdistrict (南门关街道)
Yan'anlu Subdistrict (延安路街道)
Zhoushuiqiao Subdistrict (舟水桥街道)
Zhongshanlu Subdistrict (中山路街道)
Beijinglu Subdistrict (北京路街道)
Changzheng Subdistrict (长征街道)
Liyi Subdistrict (礼仪街道)
Nanguan Subdistrict (南关街道)
Zhongzhuang Subdistrict (忠庄街道)
Xinpu Subdistrict (新蒲街道)
Xinzhong Subdistrict (新中街道)
Xiangkou Town (巷口镇)
Hailong Town (海龙镇)
Shenxi Town (深溪镇)
Jindingshan Town (金鼎山镇)
Xinzhou Town (新舟镇)
Xiazi Town (虾子镇)
Sandu Town (三渡镇)
Yongle Town (永乐镇)
Laba Town (喇叭镇) |
15736373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senonches | Senonches | Senonches () is a commune in Eure-et-Loir, Centre-Val de Loire, France.
Geography
Senonches is located northwest of the department of Eure-et-Loir and the northeastern boundary of the Regional Natural Park of the Perche, at a crossroads between the towns of Verneuil-sur-Avre (22 km), Mortagne-au-Perche (41 km), Nogent-le-Rotrou (33 km), Chartres (37 km) and Dreux (38 km).
With 4,287 hectares, the forest of Senonches is the largest department, and one of the largest woods in France. It is much rich in plant species and shrubs. The country is also known for its springs and groundwater (in the forest) that supply a portion of the water distributed in Paris and is captured in Rueil-la-Gadelière.
Tourism
Senonches is surrounded by a vast forest (the largest in the department), formed mainly by oaks and beech, these remarkable trees can be explored on foot or by bike, including the "oak chair" and the "three brothers."
The castle under renovation since 2003, will be reopened in Spring of 2012. Its tower dungeon made of a ferruginous stone, typical of the region, is very curious for most visitors.
Others
There is a market every Friday in the city center with many marketers. The Senonches Dreux airport, a NATO base, where fighters and bombers can take off (this base was turned into a photovoltaic solar plant in 2012).
Population |
61746004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Size | Mary Size | Mary A. Size, OBE (c. 1882–1959) was an Irish penal reformer and officer in the English prison system in the early to mid-twentieth century, considered one of "the great reformers" of the prison system for women in England at this time.
Early life
Mary Size was born in 1882 or 1883 in the townland of Ratesh, Kilconly, near Tuam, County Galway and attended the local Tubberoe National School. She began her career as an English teacher at a local school in County Galway in the early 1900s, before immigrating to England. She became interested in how to help and support the more difficult students, which influenced her future career.
Size would return to Galway during the holidays and test the children on what they had learned. After Size became Deputy Governor of Holloway Prison in 1927, she gave the children from her former school clothes made by the Holloway prisoners.
Early career in the English prison service
After moving to England in 1906 at the age of 23, Size became a prison warder and initially spent two months of probation work as an officer in Manchester Prison. She later wrote in her memoir Prisons I Have Known (1957), of her surprise and concern that the women there were not given a cup of tea with their meagre breakfast. "My sympathy went out to the women. I wondered how they could exist without a cup of tea”.
She then moved to Aylesbury Prison to receive hospital work training "from the only fully-trained nurse in the [prison] service. In 1912, Size was appointed school mistress to the Borstal school at Aylesbury Prison, where she had initial difficulties in establishing a system to adequately contain and care for these troubled girls, who numbered about fifty, at the school - in part due to her pupil's different social backgrounds, their physical and mental condition, and their previous education. While living in Aylesbury, Size was an active member of the local Roman Catholic community.
Size later worked at Leeds Prison. Accommodation for female officers working in the English prison system in the early twentieth century was often an afterthought and this was no less true for Size's early work: her first room at Manchester Prison adjoined a prisoner's cell and after outside accommodation in Leeds ended, Size was found some space in a store cell at Leeds Prison. More generally, most prison staff accommodation (especially in female wings), were converted cells at the ends of corridors or landings, or rooms in the hospital.
Liverpool, Holloway and Aylesbury Prisons, 1925-1942
Size eventually worked her way up to become the Lady Superintendent at Liverpool Prison in 1925, where she "took with her an ethos developed in the reformatory borstal system." Size was also working in the a changing context for the imprisonment of women in the English penal system: when she first joined in the early 1900s, a large number of women were imprisoned for short sentences. By the 1920s, the introduction of fines in lieu of short prison sentences in combination with the introduction of old age pensions led to a significant decrease in the female prison population, in particular those serving short sentences.
Around May 1927, Size was appointed Deputy Governor at Holloway Prison (which had become a women's only prison in 1902) and was the first woman to hold the post and the only woman in the UK to hold an equivalent role. By 1934, Holloway was the largest women's prison in the UK, holding 370 women prisoners out of a total population of about 800 women prisoners across all UK prisons.
While Deputy Governor at Holloway, Size introduced a whole range of important reforms including considerable improvements in routine and in methods of classification at the prison. She also persuaded Gracie Fields to perform at the prison for the prisoners.
Size's appointment was part of a wider programme of penal reform and she was appointed with a brief to make Holloway "the best women’s prison in the country."
This reform programme of women's prisons in England in the late 1920s and into the 1930s brought about educational improvements and a new stress on the importance of femininity with mirrors being allowed in cells, more feminine wall colours, and allowing female inmates to purchase cosmetics and make-up. Previously, some female prisoners at Holloway had used cooking-flour or distemper scraped from a wall as face powder and red dye from prison library books for rouge.
Other reforms put in place by Size included the converting an exercise yard at Holloway into a rose garden, where female prisoners could be trained in gardening - a skill which could be put to use in domestic service after their release from prison.
More generally, Size developed handicrafts, modernised uniforms, established a canteen, introduced gardening and evening classes.
Size served as Deputy Governor at Holloway Prison until 1941; both staff and prisoners were evacuated to Aylesbury Prison at the outbreak of the Second World War.
Between 1941 and 1942, Size was Governor of Aylesbury Prison, where Size arranged for prisoners to knit comforts for men and women which were sent to the Red Cross Depot at Oxford for distribution.
In June 1941, Size was appointed a member of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the King's Birthday Honours List in recognition of her work on prison reform. In 1942, Size retired from the prison service "for health reasons" after thirty-six years' service.
Askham Grange open prison, 1946-1952
In 1946, Size came out of retirement and rejoined the prison service to become the first Governor of the new Askham Grange Open Prison, opened in January 1947. Askham Grange was the first women's open prison, a new, controversial, and experimental type of prison - "a prison-without-bars." In 1950, Size noted that of the 220 women discharged from Askham Grange prison, only six had been re-convicted and added that she was even prouder still that a female prisoner had said to her "How wonderful it is to be treated as a human being again."
In 1951, English writer Joan Henry was imprisoned at Holloway and Askram Grange, the latter under Size, whom Henry later described in her 1952 book Who Lie in Gaol as "a mixture of discipline and humanity." Historian and academic Dr Ann D. Smith described Smith as "a sincerely religious woman [and] dedicated to her work ... Miss Size's understanding of the needs, problems and frailties of the prisoners under her care enabled her to initiate countless small reforms of routine and treatment during her periods of office at Liverpool and Holloway and, eventually, as Governor of Askham Grange.
In 1952, Size retired from the prison service for a second and final time. Around the time of her second retirement, one of her former 'girls' (female prisoners) referred to Size as "the Elizabeth Fry of this generation."
Later life
In 1957, Size published her memoirs on her career and long service in aid of penal reform Prisons I have known.
Throughout her time in the English prison service, Size stressed the need for a more sympathetic and humane approach to prisoner reform and that to humiliate or degrade the prisoner was to crush any self-respect or morality they may have originally possessed. Instead, she believed in humanising, supporting, and educating prisoners during their time in the penal system.
Size's death at age 76 was announced in early February 1959. |
43909709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%20LaLa | Z LaLa | Tania Muradian, known as Z LaLa (born July 6, 1992) is a Lebanese Armenian singer, actress, rapper, songwriter, entrepreneur, and humanitarian. She sings in 21 languages, including American Sign Language.
Early life and education
Z LaLa was born and raised in Los Angeles, California, in a family of opera singers and theatrical performers. When she was 12 years old, Z LaLa began performing at school functions and local competitions. By the age of 14, she was competing internationally whilst doing performances at humanitarian events. At the age of 14, Z LaLa won as best singer for Lil’ Wayne's "Making the next Hit." She turned down the opportunity to go to Atlanta to film the reality show.
Career
Z LaLa's debut electro-pop album, Zilosophy, was released in October 2011. The second single released by Z LaLa was "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)," a cover of the 1980s hit by the Eurythmics. Her single "Strangers in the Night" peaked at #10 on the Billboard dance chart.
Z LaLa is best known for pushing the boundaries in the mainstream market through the imagery that she projects in her music videos and on the red carpets, thus making her one of the most controversial pop artist celebrities of her time. Singing in a total of 21 languages, Z LaLa released her first single "Flyaway," in 14 different languages, including Spanish, French, Hebrew, Korean, Russian, German, Armenian, two Arabic dialects, Persian, English, Urdu, Italian and American Sign Language. In 2015, Z LaLa released the single Navigation Nightclub in 17 languages, including Armenian, English, Hindi, Mandarin, Arabic, German, Tagalog, Indonesian, Japanese, Russian, Korean, Persian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Hebrew and sign language.
Z LaLa is well known for her eccentric outfits that bear resemblance to the style of Lady Gaga. Her appearance at the 2013 Billboard Music Awards received attention from publications such as Billboard, E! News, Business Insider, Yahoo!, and various others that featured Z Lala's outfit on 'best' and 'most outrageous' dressed lists. Z LaLa's appearance at the 14th annual Latin Grammy Awards was covered by The Washington Post and Latina Magazine.
Z LaLa has partnered with Hayari Paris and several companies for product endorsements. She has been a brand ambassador for Manic Panic, Fashion Nova, Akira, Shake it Baby, and Flat Tummy Co. She launched a 3-year limited time fashion line called "Z-Thru".
Discography
Zilosophy (released October 2011)
Abricadabra
Sexual Sandy
Sweet Dreams
Alien Lover
Hit 'Um Back
Bang Bang, I Shot My Baby Down
Hush, Be Quiet, Cocky
Flyaway
War in My Head
Z LaLa (Je 'Taime)
Singles
Navigation Nightclub (English)
Navigation Nightclub (Spanish)
Navigation Nightclub (Armenian)
Navigation Nightclub (Arabic)
Navigation Nightclub (Indonesian)
Navigation Nightclub (Japanese)
Navigation Nightclub (Hindi)
Navigation Nightclub (Korean)
Navigation Nightclub (Sign)
Navigation Nightcllub (Tagalog)
Navigation Nightclub (Portuguese)
Navigation Nightclub (Mandarin)
Sexual Sandy Remix
Sweet Dreams (Are made of This)
Do That feat. Demolition
My Money (Ha Ha) feat. Stevey Fre$h
Flyaway (English)
Flyaway (Armenian)
Flyaway (Levantine Arabic)
Flyaway (Iraqui Arabic)
Flyaway (Spanish)
Flyaway (French)
Flyaway (Urdu)
Flyaway (Persian)
Flyaway (Ukrainian)
Flyaway (Hebrew)
Flyaway (Korean)
Flyaway (Italian)
Flyaway (Sign Language)
Flyaway (German) |
15502442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Flotte | La Flotte | La Flotte (; sometimes locally La Flotte-en-Re), is a commune on the isle of Ré off the western coast of France, administratively part of the department of Charente-Maritime within the larger Nouvelle-Aquitaine region.
It is the largest municipality on the Île de Ré by area, and the second largest by population, second to Sainte-Marie-de-Ré on the southern tip of the island.
La Flotte was declared one of the most beautiful villages in France by the eponymous independent tourism organization Les Plus Beaux Villages de France, and since 2011, the town has been a part of the departmental government's "Stone and Water Villages" tourism initiative to promote notable coastal and waterfront locales (i.e., where the stone (city) meets the water (sea, river etc.).
Geography
Town planning
The commune of La Flotte contains the town proper and a marina. La Flotte is an urban municipality, part of the urban unit of La Flotte, which also contains the commune of Saint-Martin-de-Ré. In addition, the municipality is part of the attraction area of La Flotte, covering 4 communes.
Coastline
The shoreline of La Flotte is bordered by small cliffs, and is home to Arnéult Beach, an artificial beach that has to be re-sanded each year.
As it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, La Flotte is a coastal municipality as defined by the Coastline Act (1986). As a result specific town planning provisions apply in order to preserve the natural spaces, sites, landscapes and the ecological balance of the coast, including a prohibition on construction along the coastline.
Land use
A sizable amount of the land in La Flotte is agricultural, 47% in 2018, down from 55.1% in 1990. The detailed breakdown in 2018 is as follows: forests (34.3%), permanent crops (18.3%), urbanized areas (17.9%), heterogeneous agricultural areas (15.9%), arable land (9.1%), meadows (3.7%), artificial green spaces, non-agricultural (0.5%), coastal wetlands (0.4%).
Economic activity
Agriculture, asparagus, potatoes, vine.
Oyster farming, boating, fishing.
Tourism. Accommodation: six hotels, five campsites, guest houses, seasonal rentals.
History
In 1627, an English invasion force under the command of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, attacked the island in order to relieve the Siege of La Rochelle. After three months of siege, the Marquis de Toiras and a relief force of French ships and troops managed to repel the Duke, who was forced to withdraw in defeat. The English lost more than 4,000 out of 7,000 troops during the campaign. After repelling the English assault, the French Guards retreated through the town of La Flotte, and burned three English vessels there in the port and returned to Fort La Prée.
La Flotte was the home of Gustave Dechézeaux (1760-1794), a member of the National Convention. A victim of the Reign of Terror, he was guillotined at Rochefort on January 17, 1794 for his vote against the execution of Louis XVI. He was later given a posthumous pardon by the Convention on May 3, 1795.
Government
Mayors
2008 municipal elections
2001 municipal elections
1995 municipal elections
1989 municipal elections
Demographics
In 2018, the town had 2,759 inhabitants, down 4.8% compared to 2013 (Charente-Maritime: + 2.13%, France excluding Mayotte: +1.78%).
Culture and heritage
Places and monuments
The Port: formerly a commercial port for wine and salt, then a fishing port. It is essentially a marina today. Its capacity is 200 berths on pontoons and 150 berths in organized moorings.
The ruins of the Cistercian Abbey of Notre-Dame-de-Ré (between Rivedoux-Plage and La Flotte). The site has been classified as a “historic monument” since May 21, 1990.
The Fort La Pree, built in 1625 and partially destroyed by Vauban in 1685.
The Medieval Market.
The Platin Museum, which has collections related to regional culture, Medieval architecture, and maritime history.
The Church of St. Catherine Fleet (or "Church of St. Catherine of Alexandria") Built in the 15th century. Listed, in part, as a Historic Monument, in 1988.
Heraldry
Notable people
Nicolas Martiau (1591-1657), Huguenot settler, ancestor of George Washington and Robert E. Lee.
Denis Goguet (1704-1778), merchant and shipowner
Gustave Dechézeaux (1760-1794), French politician. Member of the National Convention, guillotined in 1794 during the Reign of Terror "for having conspired against the Republic", then posthumously pardoned in 1795.
Jacques Gilles Henri Goguet (1767-1794), General
Léon Gendre, general councilor of the canton of Saint-Martin-de-Ré (reelected in 2011), president of the Community of communes of the island of Ré from 1993 to 2008, mayor of La Flotte since 1977, ex-restaurateur (creator of the restaurant Le Richelieu).
Roger Barberot (1915-2002) - Companion of the Liberation by decree of March 7, 1941, the most decorated sailor in France. |
2187924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%20Pacific%20hurricane%20season | 1987 Pacific hurricane season | The 1987 Pacific hurricane season was the last year in which the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center was the primary warning center for tropical cyclones in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The season officially started May 15, 1987, in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1987, in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1987. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when the vast majority of tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
Despite there being 20 named systems, five above the average, only four storms directly affected land. Hurricane Eugene was the first Pacific hurricane to make landfall in Mexico in July since the 1954 season and caused three deaths and $142.12 million damage. Tropical Storm Pilar and Hurricane Norma also came close to land, with the former producing record rain in Baja California Sur. The remnants of Hurricanes Ramon and Norma caused rain in the Continental United States, with the former responsible for five traffic-related deaths. Elsewhere, Peke was a central north Pacific hurricane that crossed the International Date Line and became a typhoon of the 1987 Pacific typhoon season.
Seasonal summary
Overall, the season continued the general trend in the 1980s of well above-average seasons in the East Pacific. In 1987, there were 20 tropical storms, 10 hurricanes, and four major hurricanes, all were well above average, save the number of major hurricanes which was only slightly above normal. The former made 1987 the fifth most active season on record at that time. Today, 1987 is tied with the 1994 Pacific hurricane season and the 2009 Pacific hurricane season as the sixth most active on record. In the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility, one storm peaked at hurricane strength (Peke) and one peaked as a tropical storm (Oka). Two tropical storms entered this area of responsibility from the east by crossing 140°W.
The season lasted a total 171 days beginning with the formation of Adrian and early June and the dissipation of Tropical Depression Twenty on November 25. There was a total of 924 storms hours and 631 hurricane hours. By comparison, the long-term averages at that time were 161 season days, 875 tropical storm hours, and 664 hurricane hours. A total of 397 advisories were issued, which was below the 1977–1987 average of 428. The hurricane hunters did not fly into any of the storms in 1987. This was also the first year where tropical storm watches and warnings were issued instead of gale watches and warnings for tropical cyclones. 1987 was the last season that the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center in Redwood City was responsible for forecasting in this basin, a task it had performed since circa 1972. The EPHC was folded into the National Hurricane Center, which took responsibility for the basin starting in the spring of 1988.
Only one tropical storm developed in June. In July, six named storms formed. Out of these storms, Hilary was the only storm to reach major hurricane status. The month of August had a total of five named storms, four of which became hurricanes. However, August did not feature any major hurricanes, though Hurricane Jova came close, peaking as a moderate Category 2. The month of September held the same number of named storms as August, with five named storms. The month also was the carrier of the strongest hurricane on record at that time (that had its intensity estimated from satellite imagery), Hurricane Max, a strong Category 4 hurricane. Hurricane Norma was a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale, which dissipated to the south of the Baja California Peninsula. The month of October featured only two tropical cyclones. The first system, Ramon, was a Category 4 hurricane.
Very few cyclones this season impacted land. The only landfalling hurricane of the year, Hurricane Eugene was responsible for significantly damaging about 15 sq. mi of fruit crop, where damage estimated were at $2.6 million (1987 USD) In all, damage totaled to about $142 million. Tropical Storm Irwin, paralleled the coast of Mexico, causing flooding near Acapulco. Damage there was totaled at $2.1 million (1987 USD). The remnants of Norma and Pilar produced rain over Baja California Sur. The remnants of Ramon brought extremely heavy rains to the Western United States.
A moderate El Niño was present throughout the season, with water temperatures across the equatorial Central Pacific being above normal. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) was in a warm phase during this time period, with estimates placing the PDO at +.
Systems
Tropical Storm Adrian
On June 7, a tropical depression formed southeast of Acapulco, Mexico. It strengthened into a tropical storm immediately thereafter. After peaking with maximum sustained winds of on June 8, Adrian slowly weakened. It fell to tropical depression status on June 9 and dissipated later that day. During its life, Adrian paralleled the Mexican shoreline far offshore before looping counter-clockwise over its path when it was a depression.
Tropical Storm Beatriz
On July 3, a tropical depression formed south of Cabo San Lucas. It strengthened into a tropical storm later that day. Beatriz slowly strengthened and moved generally northwest as it stayed far offshore. On July 5, Beatriz reached its peak wind speed of . It weakened thereafter, falling to a depression on July 6 and dissipating the next day.
Tropical Storm Calvin
A tropical depression formed south of Mexico on July 5 and immediately strengthened into a tropical storm the next day. Calvin headed generally east. On July 8, as a strong tropical storm. It then gradually weakened, falling to a depression on July 9 and dissipated the next day while located southwest of Cabo San Lucas.
Tropical Storm Dora
A tropical depression that had organized on July 15 while located south of Cabo San Lucas. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm that same day while located around west of Acapulco. Dora headed west-northwest and slowly strengthened. It reached its peak winds of on July 17. It then steadily weakened, becoming a depression two days later. Dora dissipated on July 20 while located west of Cabo San Lucas.
Hurricane Eugene
A tropical disturbance developed into a tropical depression on July 22 near the coast of Mexico. It initially headed westward and strengthened into a tropical storm the same day it formed. It strengthened into a hurricane, the first of the season, on July 24 as an upper-level cyclone pulled the system north. After peaking as a low-end Category 2 hurricane on July 25, land interaction weakened the hurricane to Category 1 as it made landfall west of Manzanillo. The rough topography weakened Eugene, and the hurricane was only a depression when it emerged into the Gulf of California. It promptly dissipated on July 26.
When the storm first posed a threat to Mexico on July 24, the port of Zinuhuatenjo was closed for small craft. Operation classes were suspended in Acapulco. In Manzanillo, the port was officially closed down. The Mexican navy was put on alert for a total distance of . The weather service issued navigation warnings for three coastal states and ships were urged to maintain contact with officials. Hurricane Eugene caused extremely heavy rain in coastal parts of Mexico. The highest rain was 20.68 inches at Aquila, Michoacán. The system was responsible for the highest tropical cyclone caused rainfall in five Mexican states. Over 5,000 people were displaced. In Manzanillo alone, at least 60 people were rendered homeless. Most of the damage was the scattering of debris and mud. Six people were injured, and a man in Venustiano Carrazano was killed when a palm tree was blown over. In all, three fatalities were reported. The hurricane destroyed about 15 sq. mi (39 km2) of fruit crop in the country, amounting to more than $2.6 million in damage (1987 USD). Additionally, damage to eight beach houses totaled to $120,000. Total crop damage reached $142 million (1987 USD); In the aftermath of the storm, the navy and army and local government devised a cleanup plan. They worked quickly to restore water and power service, and within a few days the services had been restored for most of the impacted area.
Tropical Storm Fernanda
At a location more westerly than typical for eastern Pacific hurricanes, Tropical Depression Nine-E formed on July 24. Heading west, the cyclone reached tropical storm intensity on July 25. Fernanda strengthened and reached its peak strength near hurricane status on July 26, the same day it crossed 140°W and entered the central north Pacific. Fernanda headed in the general direction of the Hawaiian Islands as a trough approached. The trough caused wind shear, which weakened the cyclone into a tropical depression on July 28. Fernanda dissipated three days later.
Hurricane Greg
A tropical wave left the coast of Panama on July 26. It organized into Tropical Depression Ten on July 28 while located and it strengthened into a tropical storm the day after the system formed. Over water, the cyclone steadily intensified as it roughly paralleled the Mexican coast while remaining far offshore. Greg became a hurricane on 1800 UTC July 31 and peaked with wind speeds of 80 mph (130 kmh) on August 1. It then weakened as it moved over cooler water, falling to tropical storm intensity later on August 1. At this time, Greg was located away from Baja California. It then weakened into depression intensity on August 2, and completely dissipated the next day. Greg affected Mexico a few weeks after Eugene did, resulting in additional flooding. Due to both storms, the region registered rainfall amounts for times the average.
Hurricane Hilary
A tropical wave moved through Central America on July 30 and July 31. Steered by a large deep-layer ridge that extended as far southwest as Hawaii and as far northeast as Oklahoma, the wave moved steadily west-northwest. Thunderstorm activity increased considerably after 00:00 UTC on July 31. A tropical depression formed at 18:00 UTC on July 31 while located south of Cabo San Lucas. The cyclone strengthened at a steady pace and reached hurricane intensity on August 1. Hilary continued strengthening, and became a hurricane on August 2. On August 3, the cyclone reached Category 3 status on the Saffir–Simpson scale, making it the first major hurricane of the season. At its peak strength, which it reached on August 4, Hilary attained winds of . It then weakened, and had fallen to Category 1 intensity on August 5. The hurricane then restrengthened, maintaining Category 2 intensity until August 6. The system then began a terminal weakening trend. By August 7 it was only a tropical storm. After falling to depression strength, Hilary dissipated on August 9 over waters. In Southern California, officials hoped that Hilary would produce a major increase in waves in time for a surfing tournament finals, though only a small increase in wave action was expected.
Tropical Storm Irwin
A tropical depression formed on August 3 over south of Manzanillo. The depression quickly intensified into a tropical storm. Irwin fluctuated in strength as it closely paralleled the coast of Mexico. On August 6, Irwin reached its maximum winds of ; it maintained that velocity for over two days. During August 8, Irwin turned nearly due west and headed out to sea. Irwin weakened to a tropical depression on August 9 and immediately dissipated. Forecasters at one point in time noted the possibility of the storm impacting California. In addition, the storm produced heavy rainfall in Mexico, causing $2.1 million in damage. Although many businesses and homes received damage, no deaths were reported.
Hurricane Jova
A tropical depression formed on August 13, while located south-southeast from Baja California Sur. The cyclone intensified into Tropical Storm Jova the next day. The depression initially moved to the west-southwest due to a ridge north of the system. It slowly strengthened and reached hurricane intensity on 1800 UTC August 16. The intensifying hurricane then turned west-northwest. When it peaked on August 17, Jova was a moderate Category 2 hurricane. After peaking, Jova slowly weakened as it turned westbound. It was in a moderately declining state when it crossed 140°W and entered the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's area of responsibility. Jova continued to weaken, and was a depression by August 20. Jova dissipated two days later while due south of the Big Island of Hawaii over water, although it remnants were still visible south of Johnston Atoll until at least August 24. Jova generated heavy surf for a few days in Southern California.
Tropical Storm Oka
A disturbance in the Intertropical Convergence Zone organized into Tropical Depression One-C on August 26. Twelve hours later, it was upgraded to a tropical storm and named Oka, which is Hawaiian for Oscar. Oka slowly moved west-northwest and reached its peak wind speed of 60 mph (95 kmh) on August 27. The next day, a nearby trough caused wind shear, which weakened Oka to a depression on August 29 and subsequently destroyed it.
Tropical Storm Knut
On August 28, a tropical depression formed west Manzanillo, Mexico. Twelve hours later, it strengthened into a tropical storm and was named Knut. Never attaining winds stronger than 40 mph (65 kmh), Knut stayed a tropical storm for one day. It weakened to a tropical depression on August 30 and dissipated later that day. The cyclone stayed out at sea for its entire life, and never threatened land.
Knut had no impact on land. However, its name was retired in 1992 for unknown reasons and was replaced by Kenneth.
Hurricane Lidia
Lidia originated from a disturbance that entered the basin on August 28. It remained south of the Mexican coast in an area of warm sea surface temperatures, and at 1800 UTC August 29, Tropical Depression Fifteen formed. It intensified into a tropical storm six hours after development about away from Baja California Sur. Lidia moved northwest, paralleling the Mexican coast. It edged in a more westerly direction for a day before resuming its northwesterly path, and reached hurricane intensity on 0600 UTC September 1. At its strongest on September 1 based on intensity estimates via Dvorak classifications, Hurricane Lidia had a wind speed of . Shortly thereafter, Lidia began weakening and lost hurricane intensity on September 2. Lidia weakened very rapidly over cold water. Early the next day, Lidia weakened to a tropical depression and dissipated over waters on 1200 UTC September 3. The remnants of the storm; however, brought showers to California. One woman was injured by a lightning strike.
Hurricane Max
A tropical disturbance left Central America on September 8. At 1200 UTC on September 9, a tropical depression formed over the warm waters south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. While located from Cabo San Lucas, the depression intensified into a tropical storm and was named Max. Tracking west-northwest, Max rapidly intensified and became a hurricane on September 11, over a day after it was named. Turning northwest, Max continued to intensify. By September 10, the cyclone reached Category 2 intensity, and became a major hurricane several hours later. On September 12, Hurricane Max reached Category 4 intensity. The cyclone reached its maximum windspeed of on September 13. Meanwhile, a then-record was set for the highest satellite estimates for a Pacific hurricane. At that time, Dvorak classifications, which measure a tropical cyclones intensity, were at T7.0/, which was then the highest ever recorded in the basin, though this was later matched by hurricanes Hernan and Trudy of the 1990 Pacific hurricane season.
Max maintained its intensity for 24 hours. However, the storm crossed the isotherm and began to weaken rapidly. The hurricane's track then shifted north for a time, before turning to the west on September 15. That same day, the weakened to a tropical storm. The tropical cyclone dissipated at 1200 UTC September 16 while located north-northeast of Cabo San Lucas. The hurricane was predicted to send waves to Southern California, though Max was well past its peak at that time.
Hurricane Norma
A tropical disturbance developed on September 13 while located southwest of Acapulco. Moving northwest, a depression formed on September 14 far from land. It took over 24 hours to reach tropical storm strength. Norma paralleled the coast far offshore. The storm steadily intensified over sea surface temperatures. On September 17, Norma turned to the north, and became a minimal hurricane for 12 hours as an eye became visible on infrared imagery. Norma turned northbound toward land. However, Norma remained offshore due weak southwesterly flow from a cutoff low located west of Baja California Sur. The cyclone stalled and then edged slightly east when it weakened back into a depression on September 19. Tropical Depression Norma dissipated a mere south of the Baja California Peninsula; it never made landfall.
Prior to the remains of Hurricane Norma's arrival in the Southwestern United States, forecasters were anticipating cloudy skies over San Diego. Over the deserts and mountains near the area, there was also a possibility of heavy rainfall. The remnants ultimately caused rainfall and thunderstorms in California on September 22 and September 23. The rainfall totaled to at Lindbergh Field, and at Lemon Grove. There were numerous power outages, small fires, some road flooding, and some property damage. In San Diego and southern Orange County, 200,000 homes and business lost power, but the power was quickly restored. However, there are no reports of damage or flooding in Baja California from the storm; the area the tropical cyclone struck was sparsely populated.
Hurricane Otis
Otis originated from the a tropical disturbance embedded in the monsoon trough. It moved over the warm waters south of the Mexican Riviera from September 17 to September 19. At 0000 UTC September 20, the disturbance was upgraded into Tropical Depression Nineteen-E while moving to the northwest. It strengthened into a tropical storm later that day while located southwest of La Paz. Eighteen hours later on September 21, Otis intensified into a hurricane. It also began to turn back to the west and began to undergo a period of rapid deepening. On September 22, Otis reached its peak windspeed of . It would oscillate irregularly between that strength and Category 2 intensity until September 24. That day, it began accelerating to the west as it lost strength due to increased wind shear and decreasing ocean temperature. Otis fell to tropical storm strength on September 25 and a depression on September 26, and dissipated shortly after that.
Hurricane Peke
An area of disturbed weather southwest of Hawaii gathered enough convection and a closed circulation to become Tropical Depression Two-C on September 21. It immediately strengthened into a storm and was named Peke. Peke continued to strengthen as it tracked north just east of the International Date Line. Peke intensified into a hurricane on September 23 and reached Category 2 intensity the next day. Peke continued heading north and shortly after weakening into a Category 1 hurricane, it turned to the northwest and crossed the dateline. It re-intensified, and peaked as a typhoon on September 23. It accelerated to the northwest and began to take in drier air, which caused weakening. On October 2, Peke re-curved to the southeast. The last advisory on this tropical cyclone was issued on October 3 as it dissipated. Peke's remnants continued drifting erratically for over three days, first heading east, then northwest, and then southeast, at which time they were finally unidentifiable.
Hurricane/Typhoon Peke caused no damages or deaths. However, was also the first tropical cyclone of hurricane strength to cross the dateline since Hurricane Sarah (1967) to cross the dateline at that strength. In addition, Peke was the third tropical cyclone in three years to exist on both sides of the dateline, after 1985's Typhoon Skip and 1986's Typhoon Georgette.
Tropical Storm Pilar
A tropical depression formed on September 30 while located south of the Baja California Peninsula. It headed north and peaked as a minimal tropical storm on October 1. After being a tropical storm for a mere six hours, Pilar weakened to a depression and dissipated that same day. It never made landfall, dissipating just south of the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula. It was a tropical cyclone for a total of 24 hours. The system caused no known damage on land, but Pilar dropped heavy precipitation on Baja California Sur from 1200 UTC on September 30 until 0000 UTC October 2. An observer station reported of rainfall. This was the most rainfall the weather station had ever recorded since its founding in 1969.
Hurricane Ramon
On October 3–4 an area of disturbed weather moved into the Pacific Ocean south of a high-pressure area over Central Mexico. The storm became better organized over waters. By October 5, a tropical storm had developed southwest of Manzanillo, bypassing the tropical depression stage. It moved generally to the west-northwest. Ramon intensified into a hurricane on October 7 and reached major hurricane status on October 8. At its most intense on October 9 and October 10, Hurricane Ramon had winds of . After peaking, Ramon turned to the northwest due to interaction with subtropical jetstream winds and rapidly weakened over cooler sea surface temperatures. It became a tropical storm on October 11 and a depression on October 12. It dissipated shortly thereafter.
Torrential rains deluged Southern California, resulting in street flooding. Two people perished in separate traffic accidents. In Los Angeles, three more people perished in separate traffic incidents. Heavy rains extended west and was also reported in Hemet in Riverside County, where three people were also injured during a car accident. The rains helped dissolve a week-long forest fire 16,000 acre (65,000,000 m2) on Mt. Palomar. The Spring Creek River overflowed its banks. The tropical moisture also helped end a 37-day dry spell at Salt Lake City, marking the longest time the city went without rain since 1964. Nationwide, Ramon killed five people, all due to road-related incidents.
Tropical Storm Selma
On October 27, a tropical depression formed and headed northwest, gradually re-curving north. It intensified into a tropical storm on October 28. Selma maintained that strength until the next day, when it weakened to a depression. Selma's re-curving continued, and on October 29, it again intensified into a tropical storm. Without further strengthening, it weakened into a tropical depression, headed north northeast, and dissipated on October 31 about east of the southern tip of Baja California.
Tropical depressions
On June 10, a weak tropical depression, the second of the season, developed. It moved very little and did not affect land. It dissipated on 1200 UTC June 12. The season's next tropical cyclone, Tropical Depression Three formed six days after the previous one dissipated. Moving west-northwest, it peaked at . On June 20, it dissipated.
Tropical Depression Six developed on July 13 about southwest of Cabo San Lucas. The depression had same peak intensity as Three and had dissipated on July 17. According to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, on July 18 a tropical depression formed east of the International Date Line, and two days later it exited CPHC's area of responsibility; however, this storm was not included into CPHC database. As it entered into western Pacific, it strengthened as a tropical storm and received the name Wynne. The final tropical cyclone developed at 1800 UTC November 24 around southwest of Baja California Sur. A very weak cyclone, the depression dissipated on November 25, ending the above-average season.
Storm names
The following names were used for named storms that formed in the eastern Pacific in 1987. The names not retired from this list were used again in the 1993 season. This is the same list used for the 1981 season. However, the names Xina, York, and Zelda were added to name lists for odd-numbered years sometime after 1985 due to that year's season threatening to exhaust the list. Storms were named Pilar and Ramon for the first time in 1987, as the name Selma had been used on the older lists.
Two names from the Central Pacific list were used – Oka and Peke. This was the first usage for both names.
Retirement
The World Meteorological Organization retired one Eastern Pacific name in the spring of 1992: Knut. It was replaced in the 1993 season by Kenneth. |
57255837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%20Tour%20du%20Haut%20Var | 1986 Tour du Haut Var | The 1986 Tour du Haut Var was the 18th edition of the Tour du Haut Var cycle race and was held on 22 February 1986. The race started in Seillans and finished in Draguignan. The race was won by Pascal Simon.
General classification |
15586622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontanes%2C%20Lot | Fontanes, Lot | Fontanes (; ) is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France. |
19060766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZALA%20421-12 | ZALA 421-12 | ZALA 421-12 is a micro miniature UAV developed and produced by the Izhevsk-based company ZALA Aero. It is a small, portable and reliable UAV platform. ZALA 421-12 is designed for front-line reconnaissance, overground and oversea surveillance. It takes 3 minutes to prepare ZALA for launching. The UAV is operated in the autonomous or semi-autonomous mode.
Specifications
Physical:
Takeoff weight, kg - 3,9;
Navigation - GNSS;
Flight duration, h - 2;
Engine - electric;
Minimum speed, km/h. - 65;
Maximum speed, km/h - 120 (limited by program);
Maximum flight altitude, m above the sea level - 3600;
Wingspan, m - 1,6;
Length, m - 0,62;
Wind speed during takeoff, no more than m/s - 10;
Payload weight, kg max - 1;
Launch - by means of catapult;
Landing - parachute.
Payload:
Color Video camera (550 TVL)
Infrared camera (320*240 px)
Photo camera (10 megapixels) |
52559878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasypeltis%20atra | Dasypeltis atra | Dasypeltis atra, commonly known as the African egg-eating snake or montane egg-eater, is a species of non-venomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Africa.
Geographic range
D. atra is found in Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Reproduction
D. atra is oviparous. |
6637733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal-Vegetable-Mineral%20Man | Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man | Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is a foe of the original Doom Patrol.
The character made his first live adaptation on the first season of the Doom Patrol television series on DC Universe played by Alec Mapa. His name is based on the antiquated concept of the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms from Linnaean taxonomy.
Publication history
Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man first appeared in The Doom Patrol #89 (August 1964) and was created by Arnold Drake and Bruno Premiani.
Fictional character biography
Sven Larsen is a Swedish scientist and a former student of Dr. Niles Caulder, but they had a falling out after Larsen accused Caulder of stealing his idea for the anti-decay ray. Larsen gains his superpowers after falling into a vat of amino acids. This gave him the right arm and leg of a plant, the left arm and leg of diamonds, and a half-torso of a Tyrannosaurus with half of his human head shown to be fused with part of the Tyrannosaurus' neck. He uses his powers to get revenge on Caulder and his Doom Patrol. The Doom Patrol defeat Larsen and are able to remove his powers. He later regains them and fights the Doom Patrol again.
Larsen returns to face the second incarnation of the Doom Patrol in The Doom Patrol (vol. 2) #15 (December 1988) and #16 (Winter 1988), in partnership with General Immortus. He is defeated after Celsius encases him in ice.
In a 2009 interview with Keith Giffen about his Doom Patrol comic, Giffen reveals that Larsen should be a villain in it.
In the twelfth issue of the series, Larsen is now a member of the Front Men, a team of super-powered guards working for Mister Somebody Enterprises. His team is working to discredit the Doom Patrol, having been coached in various ways on how to make the heroes look bad for the cameras. Unknown to the Front Men, Mister Somebody has rigged their uniforms to deliver fatal blows in ways that make it seem as if the Doom Patrol killed them intentionally.
In 2011, "The New 52" rebooted the DC universe. Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man is re-introduced as part of an experimental security measure that Niles Caulder unleashes on intruders when his underground complex is breached.
In the "Watchmen" sequel "Doomsday Clock", Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man is listed as a member of India's sanctioned superhero team called the Doomed in light of "The Superman Theory" that started a metahuman arms race. He gained a reputation there where he ate their foes. He was with the Doomed when they alongside the Outsiders and the People's Heroes tried to bring Superman in for what happened in Russia.
Powers and abilities
The Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man can change any part of his body into animal, vegetable, or mineral forms, as well as combining several more at once. In most appearances, he possesses extensive knowledge of biology.
In other media
Television
Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man appears in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "The Last Patrol!", voiced by Dee Bradley Baker.
Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man appears in Doom Patrol, portrayed by Alec Mapa. This version is a tourist named Steven Larson who travels to Paraguay in the hopes of receiving magnetic feet from Nazi scientist Heinrich Von Fuchs, only to accidentally remain in Von Fuchs' machine for too long and transform into Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man, gaining a separate Velociraptor head along with his own in the process. Following this, he becomes a bumbling supervillain known for a disastrous convenience store robbery, a subsequent arrest, and a failed assassination attempt on his life carried out by an admirer of Von Fuchs before becoming the author of a best-selling autobiography called My Side.
Miscellaneous
Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man appears in Teen Titans Go!.
Animal-Vegetable-Mineral Man makes a cameo appearance in Batman: The Brave and the Bold #7. |
20283407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Gildemeister | Johann Gildemeister | Johann Gildemeister (20 July 1812 – 11 March 1890) was a German Orientalist born in Kröpelin.
Biography
He studied Oriental languages and theology at the Universities of Göttingen and Bonn and graduated from the latter institution in 1838. Following a study trip to Leiden and Paris, he became a lecturer at Bonn, where he taught classes in Sanskrit, Oriental languages and literature as well as Old Testament exegesis. Later on he served as an associate professor of Oriental languages (1844). In 1845 he relocated to the University of Marburg as a professor of theology and Oriental literature. In 1859 he returned to Bonn as a professor.
He died in Bonn (1890), at the age of 77.
Works
With historian Heinrich von Sybel, he was the author of ''Der heilige Rock zu Trier und die zwanzig andern heiligen ungenähten Röcke, a controversial work that argued against the authenticity of the Holy Coat of Trier. Other noted publications by Gildemeister include:
Dissertationis de rebus Indiae, quo modo in Arabum notitiam venerint, pars prior, quam una cum Masudii loco ad codd. Parisiens. fidem recensito. Baaden, Bonn 1838 (Dissertation) Digitalization
Scriptorum Arabum de Rebus Indicis loci et opuscula inedita; ad codicum Parisinorum Leidanorum Gothanorum fidem, recensuit et illustravit Ioannes Gildemeister. Fasciculus primus. Bonn: König, 1838. [Facsimile scan at archive.org]
Bibliothecae Sanskritae sive recensvs librorvm sanskritorvm hvcvsque typis vel lapide exscriptorvm critici specimen, Bonn (and others): König, 1847.
Kalidasae Meghaduta et Çringaratilaka: ex recensione J. Gildemeisteri; additum est glossarium, Bonn: König, 1841.
De Evangeliis in Arabicum e Simplici Syriaca translatis commentatio academica Ioannis Gildemeisteri, 1865.
Über die in Bonn entdeckten neuen Fragmente des Macarius, 1867.
Articles |
50708206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten%20Run | Staten Run | Staten Run is a stream in the U.S. state of West Virginia.
Staten Run was named after James Staten, a pioneer who was killed by indigenous Americans. |
31637506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%20PBA%20All-Filipino%20Conference%20Finals | 1986 PBA All-Filipino Conference Finals | The 1986 PBA All-Filipino Conference Finals was the best-of-5 basketball championship series of the 1986 PBA All-Filipino Conference, and the conclusion of the conference playoffs. The Tanduay Rhum Makers and Ginebra San Miguel played for the 34th championship contested by the league.
The Tanduay Rhum Makers won their finals series against Ginebra San Miguel, 3 games to 1, for their second title of the season.
Qualification
Series scoring summary
Games summary
Game 1
The lead change hands several times early in the game, Abet Gutierrez sank the last basket to end the first quarter at 25–19 for Tanduay, a 10–0 blast by Ginebra in the second period levelled the count for the first time at 37-all but Freddie Hubalde teamed up with Ely Capacio as the Rhum Makers close out the first 24 minutes of play with an 11-point lead, 53–42.
Ginebra's Terry Saldaña was unstoppable in the third quarter and was able to drew Ramon Fernandez' third foul with 6:06 left, Ginebra regain the lead at 58–57, rookie Dondon Ampalayo and Francis Arnaiz kept up the barrage of baskets as Tanduay went scoreless for four minutes, the quarter ended with Ginebra enjoying an eight-point lead, 70–62, as the Rhum Makers scored a record-low 9 points in the third quarter. Tanduay came back in the fourth period and grabbed the lead for the last time at 85–83, Chito Loyzaga, Dondon Ampalayo and Francis Arnaiz combined for a 7–1 finishing run by Ginebra, Ampalayo scored inside the paint to push the Gins ahead from an 86-all deadlock, Francis Arnaiz' clutch jumper with four seconds remaining on their shotclock, sealed the outcome and a four-point victory.
Game 2
JB Yango scored his career-best 40 points for Tanduay while Francis Arnaiz fired 33 points for Ginebra as both teams played their hearts out in an exciting overtime game. Tanduay was ahead by five, 56–51 at halftime, but late in the third period, there was a brief scuffle among over-involved partisan fans ensued and a maze of confusion in which Terry Saldaña picked up the ball and hurried downcourt for a go-ahead basket as the Tanduay bench were up on their feet, the quarter ended in favor of Ginebra, 84–79.
The Rhum Makers regain the upper hand in the fourth quarter at 92–91 with seven minutes remaining and with the score reads 98–95 for Tanduay, Robert Jaworski unloaded his third triple for the night to tie the count at 98-all, two big baskets by Freddie Hubalde pushed the Rhum Makers to a four-point edge, 102–98. Francis Arnaiz took over the scoring chores for Ginebra after Jaworski fouled out with still 2:35 remaining, Arnaiz' basket tied the game at 106-all and forced overtime. In the extension period, Tanduay was up, 115–113, when Ginebra blew an opportunity to equalized on Dante Gonzalgo's missed shot with 43 seconds left, Onchie Dela Cruz made it a three-point lead for the Rhum Makers on a split free throw, the Ginebras call for timeout and on the next play, Arnaiz missed two attempts at the basket, Padim Israel delivered the insurance free throws for Tanduay with five seconds left.
Game 3
Tanduay took control of the ballgame in the second quarter and opened up a 15-point lead at 33–18 in a low-scoring contest. The Rhum Makers were ahead at 71–56 in the fourth period. The Ginebras made a last-ditch rally and close the gap to within three, 74–77, on Chito Loyzaga's triple, Padim Israel split his free throws off a foul from Dondon Ampalayo with seven seconds remaining to give Tanduay a four-point cushion, 78–74, the Gins called for timeout and Francis Arnaiz missed a long, triple attempt and he fouled Hubalde with two seconds left.
Game 4
Ginebra led by 11 points twice, the last at 43–32. The Rhum Makers close in to within 46–51 at halftime, a quick five points by Ginebra early in the third period brought back the margin to 10 points, 56–46. Tanduay began tightening up on their defense and were only down by a point, 69–70, entering the final quarter.
Ramon Fernandez set up Victor Sanchez for a basket to put the Rhum Makers ahead, 77–76, another pass by Fernandez, this time on Ely Capacio, who completed a three-point play, gave the Rhum Makers a four-point edge at 80–76. Tanduay was up 91–85 on Fernandez' jumper with 1:33 remaining, but Ginebra playing coach Robert Jaworski wouldn't give up on the fight and scored five of the Gins' seven straight points, including a brilliant three-point play off Freddie Hubalde that turned the game around as Ginebra grabbed the upper hand at 92–91, a timeout was called by Tanduay and on the inbound play in the last 18 seconds, Jaworski almost completed a steal but Freddie Hubalde recovered the ball and took a court-to-court drive to draw a foul from Jaworski with six seconds left, Hubalde converted his two free throws to give the Rhum Makers a 93–92 lead with time down to six seconds. On the final play after a Ginebra timeout, Jaworski went straight to the hoop and muffed a hurried drive that didn't hit the rim, JB Yango hold on to the ball as the buzzer sounded.
Rosters
Broadcast notes |
19031788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS%20Thomas%20G.%20Thompson%20%28T-AGOR-9%29 | USNS Thomas G. Thompson (T-AGOR-9) | Thomas G. Thompson (T-AGOR-9) was a Robert D. Conrad-class oceanographic research ship acquired by the U.S. Navy in 1965. The ship was transferred to the University of Washington for operation as part of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) fleet on 21 September 1965. In 1988 the ship went out of UNOLS service. The ship, retaining the previous name, was designated by the Navy as IX-517 assigned to the Mare Island Naval Shipyard for general naval research. Thomas G. Thompson was later renamed Pacific Escort II with the same designation. On 7 May 1997 the Navy renamed the ship Gosport and transferred the ship to the Norfolk Naval Shipyard available for hire as a multi purpose platform from the shipyard. The ship, placed out of service and struck from the register on 27 February 2004, was sunk as part of a NATO exercise 14 November 2004.
Construction
Thomas G. Thompson (AGOR-9), specially designed for oceanographic research work, was laid down on 12 September 1963 at Marinette, Wisconsin, by the Marinette Marine Corp.; launched on 18 July 1964; sponsored by Mrs. Isabel Thompson, the widow of Professor Thompson; and delivered to the Navy on 4 September 1965.
University of Washington service
From the ceremonial transfer to the University of Washington at the Boston Naval Shipyard on 21 September 1965 until 1988 the ship was assigned to the university as part of the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) fleet of Navy owned ships. Thomas G. Thompson was one of three such ships operated by academic institutions as parts of the academic fleet; the others being R/V obert D. Conrad operated by the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University and R/V Thomas Washington operated by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The Navy owned ships operated under the general control of the Oceanographer of the Navy, but were managed by the institutions, with civilian crews, conducting research experiments in support of the national oceanographic programs of the United States.
On 5 June 1987 the Office of Naval Research (ONR) solicited bids from UNOLS institutions for operation of a new, more capable, class of research vessels. The initial vessel to be designated AGOR-23 was to "replace at least one existing AGOR 3 class ship in the Navy portion of the UNOLS academic fleet" with a part of the requirement being "a practical plan for return to the Navy of at least one AGOR 3 Class ship now chartered from ONR must be included in the proposal." Operator representatives observed that only three such ships existed at three institutions thus seemingly limiting bidding to those institutions. The University of Washington's bid resulted in the old Thomas Washington being returned to the Navy in 1991 to be replaced by the new AGOR-23 to also be named Thomas G. Thompson operated by the university on 8 July 1991.
Naval designations and further use
After retirement from the UNOLS service with the University of Washington the ship was placed in service at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard under the designation (IX-517) available for general research. The ship was renamed Pacific Escort II in 1990. Renamed Gosport and transferred to the Atlantic and the Norfolk Naval Shipyard the ship operated as a multi-purpose research ship available for hire from the shipyard. Gosport was retired, struck from the register 27 February 2004, and sunk in a NATO exercise on 14 November 2004. |
23901450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUTS%20statistical%20regions%20of%20Romania | NUTS statistical regions of Romania | In the NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) codes of Romania (RO), the three levels are:
NUTS codes
RO1 Macroregion one (Macroregiunea Unu)
RO11 Nord-Vest
RO111 Bihor County
RO112 Bistrița-Năsăud County
RO113 Cluj County
RO114 Maramureș County
RO115 Satu Mare County
RO116 Sălaj County
RO12 Centru
RO121 Alba County
RO122 Brașov County
RO123 Covasna County
RO124 Harghita County
RO125 Mureș County
RO126 Sibiu County
RO2 Macroregion two (Macroregiunea doi)
RO21 Nord-Est
RO211 Bacău County
RO212 Botoșani County
RO213 Iași County
RO214 Neamț County
RO215 Suceava County
RO216 Vaslui County
RO22 Sud-Est
RO221 Brăila County
RO222 Buzău County
RO223 Constanța County
RO224 Galați County
RO225 Tulcea County
RO226 Vrancea County
RO3 Macroregion three (Macroregiunea trei)
RO31 Sud-Muntenia
RO311 Argeș County
RO312 Călărași County
RO313 Dâmbovița County
RO314 Giurgiu County
RO315 Ialomița County
RO316 Prahova County
RO317 Teleorman County
RO32 București-Ilfov
RO321 București
RO322 Ilfov County
RO4 Macroregion four (Macroregiunea patru)
RO41 Sud-Vest Oltenia
RO411 Dolj County
RO412 Gorj County
RO413 Mehedinți County
RO414 Olt County
RO415 Vâlcea County
RO42 Vest
RO421 Arad County
RO422 Caraș-Severin County
RO423 Hunedoara County
RO424 Timiș County
In the 2003 version, the codes were as follows:
RO0 Romania
RO01 Nord-Est
RO011 Bacău County
RO012 Botoșani County
RO013 Iași County
RO014 Neamț County
RO015 Suceava County
RO016 Vaslui County
RO02 Sud-Est
RO021 Brăila County
RO022 Buzău County
RO023 Constanța County
RO024 Galați County
RO025 Tulcea County
RO026 Vrancea County
RO03 Sud-Muntenia
RO031 Argeș County
RO032 Călărași County
RO033 Dâmbovița County
RO034 Giurgiu County
RO035 Ialomița County
RO036 Prahova County
RO037 Teleorman County
RO04 Sud-Vest Oltenia
RO041 Dolj County
RO042 Gorj County
RO043 Mehedinți County
RO044 Olt County
RO045 Vâlcea County
RO05 Vest
RO051 Arad County
RO052 Caraș-Severin County
RO053 Hunedoara County
RO054 Timiș County
RO06 Nord-Vest
RO061 Bihor County
RO062 Bistrița-Năsăud County
RO063 Cluj County
RO064 Maramureș County
RO065 Satu Mare County
RO066 Sălaj County
RO07 Centru
RO071 Alba County
RO072 Brașov County
RO073 Covasna County
RO074 Harghita County
RO075 Mureș County
RO076 Sibiu County
RO08 București-Ilfov
RO081 București
RO082 Ilfov County
Local administrative units
Below the NUTS levels, the two LAU (Local Administrative Units) levels are:
The LAU codes of Romania can be downloaded here: '' |
51887628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witold%20Kosi%C5%84ski | Witold Kosiński | Witold Kosiński (August 13, 1946 in Kraków – March 14, 2014 in Warsaw) was a Polish mathematician and computer scientist. He was the lead inventor and main propagator of Ordered Fuzzy Numbers (now named after him: Kosiński's Fuzzy Numbers).
For many years Professor Witold Kosiński was associated with the Institute of Fundamental Technological Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He has also worked as the Vice-Chancellor of the Polish-Japanese Institute of Information Technology - PJIIT (now called Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology) in Warsaw and the Head of the Artificial Systems Division at the PJIIT. Finally, he was a lecturer at the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Technical Sciences, the Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz.
Professor Kosiński was a researcher specialising in continuum mechanics, thermodynamics, and wave propagation as well as in mathematical foundations of information technology and particularly in artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic and evolutionary algorithms. His fields of research have also comprised applied mathematics and partial differential equations of hyperbolic type as well as neural networks and computational intelligence.
He was a scientist, mentor to scientific staff and several generations of students, as well as an active athlete.
Education and career
Professor Kosiński defended his Master's Thesis, "On the existence of functions of two variables satisfying some differential inequality", at the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics at the University of Warsaw in 1969.
Three years later, in 1972, he obtained a Doctor of Science degree and then in 1984 a further dr hab. ("doktor habilitowany") degree (see: Habilitation) at the Institute of the Fundamental Technological Research in the Polish Academy of Sciences (IPPT PAN). He was elevated to the degree of Professor in 1993 through a formal nomination by the President of the Republic of Poland.
Over 25 years (1973–1999) he has worked at the Institute of Fundamental Technological Research in the Polish Academy of Science in Warsaw; first as an Assistant, later as an Associate Professor and finally (in 1993) as a Full Professor. Between 1986 and 1999 he headed the Division of Optical and Computer Methods in Mechanics IPPT PAN (SPOKoMM).
In 1999 he obtained the position of Vice-Chancellor (scientific affairs) (“Vice-Rektor”) at the Polish-Japanese Institute of Information Technology (PJIIT) in Warsaw, a position that he held till 2005. At the PJIIT he was also the Head of Artificial Systems Division and of the Research Center. In addition he was a member of the PJIIT Senate and of the Council of the Faculty of Information Technology PJIIT.
In 1996 he joined the Department of Environmental Mechanics at The Higher Pedagogical School in Bydgoszcz. In 2005, with the establishment of the Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Kosiński became a Head of the Department of Database Systems and Computational Intelligence at the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Technical Sciences at the Institute of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science at that University. In 2009, he became a Chairman of the Council of this Institute.
He managed several scientific projects financed by the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research (KBN). He participated in numerous international conferences and worked as a contract lecturer in Poland (e.g. at Bialystok University of Technology and Warsaw University of Life Sciences) and abroad.
International collaboration
Between 1975–1976 he was in the US as a National Science Foundation post-doctoral research fellow at the Division of Materials Engineering, the University of Iowa. Later as a research fellow of Alexander von Humboldt Foundation he undertook several research visits to numerous German scientific institutes, incl. Institute for Applied Mathematics of the University of Bonn (1983–1985), Institute for Applied Mathematics of the Heidelberg University and Institute of Mechanics of the Technische Universität Darmstadt (1988).
Subsequently, he became a visiting professor at the following institutions: LMM, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), at Universite d'Aix – Marseille III, France, Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Loyola University New Orleans, USA, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland, Nagoya University, Japan, and departments of mathematics of the following universities: Genova, Ferrara, Catania, Napoli, Potenza, Univ. Roma "La Sapienza" and Terza, Italy and Rostock, Germany.
In addition, he was a research fellow of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and participated in several research and training programs in Japan.
Books and work as a supervisor
Kosiński was an editor of many volumes of collective works and conference materials and an author of two monographs:
W. Kosiński: Field Singularities and Wave Analysis in Continuum Mechanics. Ellis Horwood Series: Mathematics and Its Applications, Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, Halsted Press: a Division of John Wiley & Sons, New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto, PWN – Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw (1986)
W. Kosiński: Wstęp do teorii osobliwości pola i analizy fal. PWN, Warsaw – Poznań (1981)
as well as over 230 of other scientific publications.
He was a supervisor of 11 Ph.D. theses (10 of which dealt with informatics) and a number of Engineering Diploma works and Master Theses. He was a member of editorial boards of several journals as well as a member of numerous Polish and international scientific associations. Between 2000–2011 he was an Editor-in-Chief of the Annales Societatis Mathematicae Polonae Series III. Mathematica Applicanda (a journal of the Polish Mathematical Society). |
39001160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant%20Bergerie%20airport | Lieutenant Bergerie airport | Lieutenant Bergerie airport is a military airport in the city of Iquitos, Peru. In the past, it was the commercial airport of that city, but it has since been replaced by Crnl. FAP Francisco Secada Vignetta International Airport. |
15873020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%20with%20chronic%20fatigue%20syndrome | List of people with chronic fatigue syndrome | This is a list of notable people who have been diagnosed with or suspected to have chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME).
Confirmed diagnosis
Suspected cases |
32018789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megametope | Megametope | Megametope is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species:
Megametope carinatus Baker, 1907
Megametope ogaensis Sakai, 1974
Megametope punctatus (Haswell, 1882)
Megametope rotundifrons (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) |
30651625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podgaj%2C%20%C5%A0entjur | Podgaj, Šentjur | Podgaj () is a small settlement south of Ponikva in the Municipality of Šentjur in eastern Slovenia. The settlement, and the entire municipality, are included in the Savinja Statistical Region, which is in the Slovenian portion of the historical Duchy of Styria.
Name
The name of the settlement was changed from Sveti Ožbalt (literally, 'Saint Oswald') to Podgaj (literally, 'below the grove') in 1955. The name was changed on the basis of the 1948 Law on Names of Settlements and Designations of Squares, Streets, and Buildings as part of efforts by Slovenia's postwar communist government to remove religious elements from toponyms. |
56187556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20N.%20Sherratt | Thomas N. Sherratt | Thomas N. Sherratt, known as Tom, is a professor of evolutionary ecology at Carleton University, Canada. He is known for his research on camouflage, aposematism and mimicry.
Life
Sherratt earned his bachelor's degree at the University of Edinburgh, and gained his Ph.D. at the University of Dundee. He states that the two main themes in his research laboratory are the evolution of surprising traits in behaviour and morphology, including co-operation with unrelated individuals (as opposed to kin selection) and the existence of conspicuous warning signals; and the way that individual behaviour shapes the spatio-temporal dynamics of populations, as when travelling waves are set up when individuals move over a landscape feature.
Work
Sherratt has contributed to more than 100 papers in major journals. His co-written 2004 book Avoiding Attack on camouflage, aposematism and mimicry has been cited at least 1175 times, while his co-written papers "Development of cooperative relationships through increasing investment" and "Evidence of intra-specific competition for food in a pelagic seabird" have each been cited over 300 times.
Books
Sherratt, T. N.; Wilkinson, D. M. (2009). Big Questions in Ecology and Evolution. Oxford University Press.
Ruxton Graeme D., Sherratt, T. N.; Speed, M. P. (2004). Avoiding attack: the evolutionary ecology of crypsis, warning signals and mimicry. Oxford University Press. |
27082406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Franco | Duke of Franco | Duke of Franco () was a hereditary title in the Spanish nobility. The title was created in 1975 by King Juan Carlos I and bestowed upon Carmen Franco, the daughter and only child of Spain's Caudillo, General Francisco Franco. Together with the dukedom, she received a coat of arms of new creation. These arms are a variation of the arms of Andrade family of Galicia, from whom Franco was descended through females. A Grandeeship was attached to the title.
History
In 1950, Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco, had married Cristóbal Martínez-Bordiú, 10th Marquess of Villaverde, by whom she had several children. Dukes and duchesses of Franco are also Grandees of Spain. After the death of the 1st Duchess of Franco, succession of the ducal title with accompanying dignity has been requested by her eldest daughter María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco. Under Spanish nobiliary law, her eldest daughter Maria is first in line, but does not succeed automatically; with the application to the Crown and the issue of the Royal Letter of Succession, and after an announcement period of thirty days, succession only legally enters into force after a tax is paid.
In 2018, the far-left Izquierda Unida party sent a letter to King Felipe VI asking that title of Duke or Duchess of Franco be repressed as a violation of Spain's Historical Memory Law but the power to make or unmake nobility resides solely in the Spanish monarch and is not covered by that law. The Dukedom was granted to the heir apparent, María del Carmen Martínez-Bordíu y Franco, the eldest daughter of the late Duchess, on the same year, as published in the Official State Gazette on 4 July 2018.
The title was abolished on 21 October 2022, under the purview of the Law of Democratic Memory.
Dukes of Franco (1975–2022)
María del Carmen Franco y Polo, 1st Duchess of Franco (1975–2017)
María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco, 2nd Duchess of Franco (2018–2022) |
12157012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posey%20G.%20Lester | Posey G. Lester | Posey Green Lester (March 12, 1850 – February 9, 1929) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia.
Biography
Born near the town of Floyd, Virginia, Lester attended the common schools and the Jacksonville graded school at Floyd.
He engaged in teaching in Floyd County, Virginia.
Ordained a minister in the primitive or old-school Baptist Church in 1876.
He became associate editor of Zion's Landmark, a church paper published at Wilson, North Carolina, in 1883, and editor in chief in 1920.
Lester was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-first and Fifty-second Congresses (March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1893).
He was not a candidate for renomination in 1892.
He resumed his ministerial duties in Floyd, until 1921, when he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, and served as pastor of the Primitive Baptist Church until his death in that city on February 9, 1929. He was interred in Evergreen Cemetery.
Electoral history
1888; Lester was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 52.5% of the vote, defeating Republican John D. Blackwell.
1890; Lester was re-elected with 82.07% of the vote, defeating Independents S. C. Adams and J. Ring.
Sources
1850 births
1929 deaths
People from Floyd, Virginia
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia
19th-century American politicians
19th-century Baptist ministers from the United States
20th-century Baptist ministers from the United States
Baptists from Virginia |
36840801 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus%20at%20the%201996%20Summer%20Paralympics | Belarus at the 1996 Summer Paralympics | Fifteen athletes (eleven men and four women) from Belarus competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States. All their medals were won in athletics.
Medallists |
55983352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89milie%20Desforges | Émilie Desforges | Emilie-Virginie Desforges (born February 27, 1983) is a Canadian skiing athlete who competed in various international events from 1998 to 2009, including women's super combined, giant slalom, super G and downhill races. She skis with the Mont Tremblant ski club.
A 2003 Radio Canada interview describes her as "A tiny energy ball shaking up the Canadian Alpine Ski Team. Impatient, hyperactive, Émilie Desforges made her world debut in front of her parents on Saturday in the second run of Lake Louise." At this event (the 2003 FIS World Cup in Lake Louise), she finished 54th in the downhill event.
Since retiring from skiing, she returned to school at the Universite de Montreal from 2010-2014, earning a diploma in nursing sciences. After graduation, she participates in clinical research studies. |
22323322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekim%20Berisha | Bekim Berisha | Bekim Berisha (; 15 June 1966 – 10 August 1998) was a Kosovo Albanian soldier who gained prominence in the Yugoslav Wars. He served in the Croatian Army during the Croatian War of Independence. He subsequently fought in the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and later also in the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), where he was named a general. He was killed in 1998, during the Battle of Junik, and was posthumously promoted to Brigadier General.
Early years
Berisha was born and raised in Grabovac near Peć, SFR Yugoslavia (modern-day Graboc near Peja, Kosovo) as the youngest of six children of Fazli and Fahrije Berisha.
His grandfather Nexhip Selmani fought against Yugoslav authorities in Kosovo for decades. After attending secondary school in Peja, he decided to go to SR Croatia due to not being able to continue school in Kosovo. During his first period in Croatia, Bekim maintained mostly physical jobs to earn a living and send money back to the family in Kosovo. After a while, he also registered as a student in the Zagreb University studying as a veterinary. He finished his studies with success, also maintaining one of his favorite hobbies, military art and martial art. After a few years in Croatia, Bekim moved to the Netherlands where he got engaged and settled.
War in Croatia and Bosnia
When the Croatian War of Independence started, Bekim Berisha left his life in the West behind him at the age of 25, and came back to Croatia on 7 August 1991 to volunteer in the Croatian National Guard. He joined a battalion defending the twin villages of Donje Komarevo and Gornje Komarevo near Sisak. He later participated in battles of eastern Slavonia, in the front-lines against the JNA, before he was wounded there on 16 June 1992. He was discharged with a significant disability and lived in Opatija until 1996.
During the Croatian War he was also interviewed by BBC where he declared that Croatia within only a couple of months would be free of Serbian soldiers as the war went very well. Only days later, the final Croatian offensive began and Bekim was one of the front-line soldiers.
He also took part in the Bosnian War, during the battle of Kotorsko he was hit by six bullets on 15 June 1992. He was taken to a military hospital in Croatia and later returned to the front line once again.
Kosovo War
Only two years later, Bekim moved his attention towards helping the ethnic Albanian faction of Kosovo. The ethnic Albanians of Kosovo started organising themselves in military actions against the Yugoslavian authorities that were stationed in Kosovo. Bekim was one of the main organisers behind the early attacks of the Kosovo Liberation Army. During early 1998, he illegally entered Kosovo from Albania with several other militants who then settled themselves in a small town in the Drenica valley and started organising several attacks in the region. He was the main consultant and commander in the area, handling the training of the new recruits.
However, there were bigger problems in the western part of Kosovo (Dukagjin), his home region was coming under heavy pressure from the Yugoslav police. Together with his close friend and companion Bedri Shala, they traveled to Glogjan, a small town only minutes away from his native town of Graboc. There, they united with other KLA militants, amongst them Ramush Haradinaj and his brothers, and defended the village of Glogjan against a Yugoslavian police-raid. During the Battle of Glogjan, Bekim Berisha was seen as one of the most important figures of the KLA, he was responsible for the logistics, the communication and the movement of militants in and out of Glogjan.
The commander in chief of the region, Ramush Haradinaj, decided to place Bekim Berisha and Bedri Shala in the town of Junik. This small town had a strategic importance to both the KLA and the Yugoslavian Army. It was one of the main KLA strongholds during the war (largely due to Berisha and Shala's efforts against a much better equipped Yugoslav Army).
During the battle, he insisted on the re-organisation of the KLA, he demanded that the KLA should switch its strategy and launch a major offensive instead of fortressing themselves within the town of Junik. During May 1998, the authorities surrounded Junik from all sides and shelled it constantly with heavy artillery. During the relentless shelling, on August 10, 1998, his partner and closest friend, Bedri Shala was heavily wounded and taken back to the camp from the frontline. When Bekim got the news that Shala was dying, he went with several soldiers to the frontline and launched hit-and-run attacks against Yugoslav vehicles that had reached the southern part of Junik.
According to the surviving soldiers, Bekim Berisha was heavily touched by the death of Bedri Shala. Unlike in other battles, Berisha maintained no radio contact with his commanding officer, instead he and several other soldiers settled down in a small house that was located perhaps one hundred meters from the Yugoslav positions and confronted his enemy with sniper and RPG fire.
After hours of fighting, the Yugoslavs decided to call in a tank for support. Once it arrived, it neared the house in which Berisha and the other KLA militants were holed up in and launched a projectile that went on to tear Berisha's right arm off of his body, wounding him mortally.
Elton Zherka, Përmet Vula and Bashkim Lekaj fell on the same spot, a helpless Berisha was taken back to the KLA's makeshift headquarters in the center of Junik and died the same day as his friend Bedri Shala. Only days after his death, Junik fell into the hands of the Yugoslav authorities.
Legacy
Berisha was buried in Junik, but later re-buried in his home town of Graboc, he was granted the military title and rank of Brigadier General by the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC).
According to witnesses, the Croatian President Franjo Tuđman reportedly mourned the loss of Berisha, claiming he was “a one man army, that Croatia and Kosovo would be eternally proud of”.
Several streets, schools and other institutions carry his name today in Kosovo.
In August 2010, Berisha was posthumously awarded the Hero of Kosovo.
Ivica Pandža, a retired Colonel of the Croatian Army, who had served with Berisha, started investigating Berisha's legacy in 2007. He tracked down Berisha's lost documents in Komarevo that led to the finding of Berisha's Homeland War Memorial Medal in the archives of the Ministry of Defence. In 2013, Berisha was posthumously awarded the Order of the Croatian Cross. |
57346823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicentrus%20lecontei | Nicentrus lecontei | Nicentrus lecontei is a species of flower weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America. |
56824680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busselton%20Football%20Club | Busselton Football Club | The Busselton Football Club is an Australian rules football club which competes in the South West Football League in the South West corner of Western Australia.
It is based in the Western Australian city of Busselton.
The club is the result of a merger between East Busselton and West Busselton in 1955. It has played all its games in South West Football League.
Club history
In 1954 two Busselton based clubs, East Busselton and West Busselton joined the then Bunbury-Collie FL. Impressed by the improved standard in play the two clubs decided to merge to form a more competitive team, the Busselton Football Club was created.
Premierships
1964, 1967, 1978, 1996, 2012, 2015, 2023
Notable players
Ashton Hams
Graham House (cricketer)
Phil Kelly
Demi Liddle |
15568824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaunotte | Beaunotte | Beaunotte () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
Population |
30700086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvington%2C%20Wisconsin | Irvington, Wisconsin | Irvington is an unincorporated community located in the town of Menomonie, Dunn County, Wisconsin, United States. Irvington is located on the Red Cedar River south-southwest of the city of Menomonie. Irvington is located on the Red Cedar State Trail and has parking facilities for trail access. |
9560369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubisoft%20Montpellier | Ubisoft Montpellier | Ubisoft Montpellier is a French video game developer and a studio of Ubisoft based in Castelnau-le-Lez. Founded in 1994 as Ubi Pictures, it is best known for developing the Rayman and Beyond Good & Evil series. At 350 employees as of September 2019, Ubisoft Montpellier is led by co-founder Frédéric Houde as technical director.
History
Ubisoft Montpellier was founded by Michel Ancel and Frédéric Houde, two French video game designers. Houde, after obtaining a Brevet de technicien supérieur at the in Montpellier, first met Ancel (at the time still a high school student) in 1987 at Informatique 2000, a local technology store. They co-operated on the development of video games, sometimes spending multiple hours at a time in front of their computers. Houde later went on to serve his military service, while Ancel was hired by French video game company Ubisoft (then named Ubi Soft) to work at its Montreuil-based studio as a developer. After Houde finished his service, he was also hired by Ubi Soft to aid the company in the launch of a Sega Mega Drive game. Thereby, Houde re-encountered Ancel, who by this time was developing car-centric games for Ubi Soft. However, Ancel wanted to leave the Paris area; he presented Houde with Rayman, a game he had conceptualised aged 17 and created a prototype for on his Atari ST. Ancel and Houde thus resigned from Ubi Soft and presented Rayman to the company, agreeing to develop the game as freelancers.
Subsequently, Ancel moved to Carnon in his native Montpellier area; Ubi Soft formally established a new studio out of these operations in 1994 under the name Ubi Pictures. Ancel and Houde hired three further people—Eric Pelatan, Alexandra Steible, and Olivier Soleil—to form a core team of five. All five worked remotely, exchanging data via bulletin board systems, and met with Ancel at least once per month. After Rayman was released in 1995, development on a sequel—Rayman 2: The Great Escape—began, and the team began to grow. Ubi Pictures briefly operated out of the apartment of Ancel's sister before moving to its first proper offices, located on Rue de l'Ancien Courrier in the centre of Montpellier, in 1995. These new accommodation could fit up to ten people and provided the studio with its first conference system, using which it could frequently communicate with Ubi Soft's other studios. However, the team rapidly grew, wherefore it moved to another office on the nearby Rue de l'Argenterie less than two years later in 1997; this move made room up to thirty people.
Rayman 2 was finished in 1999, allowing Ubi Pictures to relocate again, this time to a 400-years-old farm house (referred to internally as "La Villa") on Avenue de Saint-Maur, also located within the Montpellier city centre and close to the Opéra national de Montpellier. Part of La Villa became an internal sound studio that was set up in the building's attic. By December 2000, Ubi Pictures employed 25 people.
In late 2003, when the studio was known as Ubisoft Pictures, Ubisoft acquired Montpellier-based developer Tiwak and consolidated it and its 17 employees with Ubisoft Pictures, which was rebranded as Ubisoft Montpellier. By 2007, Ubisoft Montpellier's staff count had risen to 80 people, led by Xavier Poix as producer and Ancel as creative director. By July 2009, Ubisoft Montpellier and Tiwak collectively employed 250 staff members. Tiwak, as well as other Ubisoft-owned properties in the Montpellier area, were formally merged into Ubisoft Montpellier, which also adopted the "Ubisoft Montpellier" name legally, in March 2011. That same year, Ubisoft Montpellier moved to offices in the Bellegarde business park in Castelnau-le-Lez, a town neighbouring Montpellier.
In July 2014, Ancel opened an independent development studio, Wild Sheep Studio, while simultaneously remaining creative director for Ubisoft Montpellier. In May 2017, Ubisoft Montpellier announced that it was moving to new, larger offices located close to the previous location. The new offices were designed by Philippe Rubio Architectes and built specifically for Ubisoft Montpellier. At the time, the studio had 220 employees. After a two-year construction phase, the building (known as "Le Monolithe") was inaugurated on 17 September 2019; Ubisoft Montpellier had 350 employees then and planned to reach 500 within three years. A research and development project known as Uramate is financed by the regional council of Occitania, which granted the studio in September 2019.
Ancel left Ubisoft Montpellier, as well as Wild Sheep Studio and the video game industry in general, in September 2020 to work with a wildlife sanctuary. This move came about in the midst of widespread departures of high-profile employees at Ubisoft due to various misconduct allegations. Ancel had been under investigation of toxic behaviour, which was reported by fifteen employees, since August 2020 but disputed these claims as "fake news" and denounced the link between them and his departure.
Technology
For the development of Beyond Good & Evil (released in 2003), Ubisoft Montpellier developed a game engine known as Jade, named after the protagonist of the game. Around 2009, Ubisoft Montpellier developed the LyN engine for their game Rabbids Go Home. In response to Ubisoft Montreal's drive of developing games with photo-realistic graphics, Ubisoft Montpellier developed the UbiArt Framework engine, which the studio used for Rayman Origins, its sequel Rayman Legends, and Valiant Hearts: The Great War. For virtual reality games, such as the internally developed Space Junkies, Ubisoft Montpellier developed the Brigitte engine.
Litigation
In December 2012, Ubisoft Montpellier fired Alain "Gaston" Rémy, an artist of six years at the studio, over caricatures of the studio's management. Rémy insisted that the caricatures were intended to be humorous and were not publicised, and opted to challenge the firing; a French labour court was scheduled to make a decision on the matter on 26 July 2013. The court ruled in favour of Rémy and ordered Ubisoft to pay in addition to compensation. A second, unnamed artist was also fired in 2012 for employing a "too Franco-Belgian" style; they challenged the decision and the court again ruled in favour of the artist.
Games developed |
65321221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Road | Walter Road | Walter Road is a road in the north-eastern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. Formerly a continuous road, it is now discontinuous at Tonkin Highway. The western section of the road is known as Walter Road West, and the eastern section of the road is known as Walter Road East.
Route description
Walter Road has a speed limit of for its entire length.
Walter Road West
Walter Road West, which is long, commences as a four lane continuation of Hamer Parade. to the south-west, Hamer Parade terminates at a roundabout intersection with Central Avenue. From Hamer Parade, Walter Road West heads north, between Mount Lawley Golf Club and Walter Road Reserve. The road then bends to the north-east, passing through the urban areas of Inglewood, Dianella, and Bedford. The traffic light controlled intersections on this section are Dundas Road and Homer Street, Grand Promenade and Coode Street.
Approximately after its western terminus, Walter Road West enters the Morley commercial district. To the south is the Galleria Shopping Centre, and to the north is Coventry Village. The road takes a bend to face it due east. Traffic light controlled intersections on this section are Russell Street, Wellington Road and Collier Road.
Walter Road West then exits the Morley commercial district after Collier Road, passing through housing in Morley. After the intersection with Crimea Street, which is a traffic light controlled intersection, Walter Road West is a two lane road. Near the road's eastern terminus, there is a roundabout with Embleton Avenue. Just to the east of the roundabout, Walter Road West terminates at a cul-de-sac. To the south of the roundabout, Embleton Avenue leads to Broun Avenue, which bridges over Tonkin Highway, leading to Walter Road East.
Walter Road East
Walter Road East, which is long, commences as a four lane continuation of Broun Avenue at the intersection of Beechboro Road North. From there, the Road heads due east along the border of Bayswater / Morley, and later Bassendean / Eden Hill. Walter Road East briefly reduces to two lanes at the roundabout with Iolanthe Street, but otherwise remains a four lane road. The only set of traffic lights between the two termini is with Ivanhoe Street. The eastern terminus of Walter Road East is with Lord Street. There is a small, section of Walter Road east of the Lord Street terminus that is cut off from the rest of the road.
History
The earliest sign of what is now Walter Road was in the 1880s, as a track that followed the boundary of land grants Q1 and P. In 1887, the Perth Road Board decided to link the track to Perth. The route taken by the track is roughly the present day route of Walter Road, and it was used as an alternative route to reach West Guildford (now Bassendean). It was at first known as Government Road.
At some point in the early 20th century, the track was made into a plank road. A small rural community named Morley Park developed on Government Road. The Morley that exists today bears no visual signs of this early development. In May 1932, the Bayswater Road Board submitted an application for Commonwealth funding for widening and improving Government Road as a way of creating employment during the Great Depression. The works occurred during 1932 and the start of 1933.
In 1944, the Main Roads Department renamed Government Road to Walter Road. There are conflicting reports as to the origin of the name. One option is Walter Browne, who was born in Bayswater in 1903 and lived there for some time. Another possibility is Edgar Walter Hamer, who worked for Gold Estates, a property development company, and was Chairman of the Perth Road Board (precursor to the City of Stirling). Another possibility is Walter Padbury, who was a pioneer and politician.
In the 1960s, it was decided that Walter Road would be split into two when the planned Beechboro-Gosnells Highway was built. This was in line with the vision of Walter Road to be serving the Morley business district, rather than a through road. The highway, now named Tonkin Highway, was built in the early 1980s, splitting Walter Road into two sections. A bridge across Tonkin Highway was instead built at Broun Avenue just to the south of Walter Road. A small section of what used to be Walter Road is now Cherry Court.
In the mid 2010s, the City of Bayswater proposed to widen the section of Walter Road that goes through the Morley Activity Centre by on both sides, in order to add a shared bus and cycling lane. This was later revised to , and then ditched altogether after opposition, particularly by the owners of Coventry Village, who would have had their outdoor dining area removed.
Junction list
Walter Road West
Walter Road East |
32768787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%20Rit | Nam Rit | Nam Rit (, ) is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Mueang Uttaradit District, in Uttaradit Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 7,127 people. The tambon contains 10 villages. |
64623794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparsh%20Shah | Sparsh Shah | Sparsh Shah is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and inspirational speaker from New Jersey, US. He was born in 2003 in Iselin, New Jersey, to a family of Indian descent.
Sparsh has a very rare disorder Osteogenesis Imperfecta, also known as Brittle Bone Disorder. He had over 35 broken bones in his body at the time of birth. As of 2020, he has suffered from 125 fractures.
He has also been a motivational speaker, aiming to changing many lives through his music and speech. He was featured in World's Greatest Motivators, Little Big Shots and Kaun Banega Crorepati. He is known for his viral cover video of Eminem's "Not Afraid" song. A documentary film Brittle Bone Rapper was made on his journey.
He had visited India in 2019 and had an interview with Republic TV journalist Arnab Goswami. Sparsh Shah sang the Indian National Anthem in the Howdy, Modi! event the same year.
Pro
'Not Afraid Viral Cover song - 2016
'TEDx Talks''' - 2017
'The Maury Show' - 2017
'Kaun Banega Crorepati Season 10 Finale - 2018
'''Little Big Shots' - 2018
Awards
Global Indian Award 2018 |
7493221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20%22Hannibal%22%20Smith | John "Hannibal" Smith | Colonel John "Hannibal" Smith is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action-adventure television series The A-Team, played by George Peppard. The producers originally had James Coburn in mind to play the part of Hannibal, but it eventually went to Peppard.
The character—which was based loosely on former United States Army Special Forces officer Bo Gritz—appeared on The A-Team from its beginning in 1983 until its end in 1987. The character was played by Liam Neeson in the 2010 film adaptation. His often spoken line "I love it when a plan comes together" was included in TV Land's "The 100 Greatest TV Quotes and Catch Phrases" in 2006.
Character biography
The A-Team is a group of ex-United States Army Special Forces soldiers who, near the end of the Vietnam War, were arrested for a crime they did not commit and managed to escape from the Military Police. As fugitives, the A-Team works as soldiers of fortune, using their military training to fight oppression or injustice. Hannibal, along with B. A. Baracus, Templeton "Faceman" Peck, and H. M. "Howlin' Mad" Murdock make up the A-Team.
In the pilot episode ("Mexican Slayride: Part 1"), Hannibal is described by a reporter colleague of Amy Allen as follows: "The leader [of the A-Team] is a Colonel named John Smith. But everybody calls him Hannibal. The guy has a very unorthodox style." Smith takes his name from the famous military commander and strategist, as alluded to by B. A. Baracus in the same episode; various items of tie-in literature for the series commented that just as the original Hannibal had led the elephants over the Alps, this Hannibal had led his men over the wall of Fort Bragg after they were wrongly arrested. He is distinguished by his unflappable demeanor, even when in peril, his constant cigar-smoking, his black leather gloves, and his many disguises. He is a master tactician (although his plans rarely turn out as they are supposed to; when asked if she thought this was going to work, Amy Allen summed it up by saying, "Hannibal's plans never work right. They just work.") and seems to have a plan for getting the team out of any situation they get into. His favorite catchphrase is, "I love it when a plan comes together"; he is often heard to remark "Nice" after part of his plan has succeeded - sometimes with destructive or explosive results.
He fought in both the Korean and Vietnam Wars, serving in the 5th Special Forces Group in Vietnam, and is a Medal of Honor recipient. His rank is inconsistent: throughout the first four seasons, he is referred to as possessing the rank of lieutenant colonel, though in keeping with US Army practice, he is most often referred to simply as "Colonel". In the fourth-season episode "Members Only" and fifth-season episodes "Trial by Fire" and "Firing Line", however, he is wearing the eagle insignia of a full colonel. (His medals in these episodes are also different from those on display the last time he wore his Class A uniform in the first-season finale, "A Nice Place to Visit".) Thriving on adventure and the adrenaline rush of life-threatening situations (or being "on the jazz", as the rest of the team refers to it), he seems to genuinely enjoy every challenge they encounter. He is renowned by both allies and enemies for being cool-headed and extremely clever. There is rarely a situation where he is not able to smile in the face of adversity. He will usually light up a cigar when he needs to do some thinking—often when coming up with a plan, or in the heat of a dangerous or exciting moment. He is also often seen putting on his gloves when he senses the action is about to pick up (such as a fist fight breaking out). When captured by their enemies, he will deliver flippant or sarcastic remarks. He regularly dispenses aphorisms, especially to their foes, upon defeating them. He also has some medical skills which he picked up when in Vietnam.
He styles himself a "master of disguise", though his skill lies not so much in how convincing his disguise is, but in his ability to assume any role and convince others that his role is genuine. Most episodes begin with the prospective clients coming to meet the A-Team, only to be introduced to one of Hannibal's comic aliases. Hannibal uses his various disguises to screen all the A-Team's potential clients to assure they are not fronts for the military—sometimes playing more than one at a time. Clients often make reference to a "Mr. Lee", the owner of a Chinese laundromat who tells them where to meet the team.
Hannibal is also an aspiring actor, playing monsters in low-budget horror movies (being a fugitive, he can only choose roles in which his face cannot be seen). His many roles include "Gatorella", "Killgator" and his most famous, "The Aquamaniac". Naturally, Hannibal secures his roles playing his own agent; somehow always 'eluding' the Producer of his true identity.
Romantic relationships
Dr. Maggie Sullivan (season 1 episode 6 "Black Day at Bad Rock") – In an uncharacteristic moment in the series, it is Hannibal who is capable of seducing the episode's leading female role, rather than Face. The character of Maggie Sullivan, portrayed by Tricia O'Neil, returns in season 2, episode 21 "Deadly Maneuvers", where Hannibal and the doctor still seem to care for one another.
Anne Sanders (season 3 episode 4 "Fire!") - The A-Team is hired by a female firefighter played by Stepfanie Kramer who is capable of challenging Hannibal. The sexual tension between the two rises throughout the episode. Hannibal seemingly gives in to a short fling with the woman, and they share a kiss at the end of the episode. She is not seen in any subsequent episodes.
Recurring aliases
"Mr. Lee" – The owner of a Chinese laundromat, who often makes use of clichéd Chinese proverbs and is of unpredictable mood. Mr. Lee only appears on-screen in the pilot episode "Mexican Slayride: Part 1" (although a shot of Hannibal in character as Mr. Lee is used as part of the first season opening credits sequence). However, the alias of Mr. Lee is often referred to throughout the series by clients and by the team itself, though these examples tended to fade out after the first two seasons. Typically "Mr. Lee" is the first one to screen potential clients and then refers them to a second location to meet a second liaison on behalf of the team.
Awards and decorations
"A Nice Place to Visit"
The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Lieutenant Colonel Smith in "A Nice Place to Visit".
"Members Only"
The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Colonel Smith in "Members Only".
"Trial by Fire" and "Firing Line"
The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Colonel Smith in "Trial by Fire" and "Firing Line".
2010 film
In the 2010 movie adaptation, Hannibal is portrayed by Liam Neeson. Identified as "John H. Smith" on a toe tag, Hannibal is portrayed as a character who, though still tactically brilliant and capable of making a plan come together, is not quite as unflappable as his television counterpart. In fact, due to the betrayal nature of the storyline (concerning the "crime they did not commit"), Hannibal is often shown as angry and intense. The team's conviction by military court visibly affects him, though his penchant for wisecracks is still prevalent (for the television character, more than a decade had passed since the conviction so such reactions were never shown in the show).
Except at an airport when the A-Team is flying from Norway to Los Angeles (in which Hannibal's disguise is Neeson's real-life appearance), the character does not don any disguises in the film, instead leaving that arm of business to Face. The cigar smoking was also kept intact; despite Neeson being an ex-smoker, he kept his personal preferences aside for the role. Hannibal shows considerable leadership abilities, attempting to take the A-Team's full blame for their alleged crime, and breaking them out of prison when they reject it; however, he steps back and lets Face plan the final mission, a decision B. A. regrets.
In the film, Hannibal is a full colonel, has served in both the Army's 75th Ranger Regiment and the 7th Special Forces Group, in which he and his team are still members until their court martial, and has served a total of two and a half years in overseas combat zones. Unlike the TV series, Hannibal is not a Medal of Honor recipient. Like B.A., Face, and Murdock, he has an Army Ranger tattoo (on his left arm).
Awards and decorations
The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Colonel Smith in the 2010 movie adaptation. |
45598173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Ginno | Elizabeth Ginno | Elizabeth de Gebele Ginno (1907–1991) was a fine artist from Berkeley, California specializing in painting and printmaking. She is known for her participation in the Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE) and other Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects.
Biography
Born in 1907 in Plumstead, England while her parents were on vacation, Ginno was raised as a third generation resident of Berkeley, California. She attended Mills College in Oakland, California where she majored in art and drama. While at Mills, Ginno met two of her greatest influences, photographer Imogen Cunningham and her husband Roi Partridge, a famous printmaker. Ginno also met future husband Carol Aronovici while at Mills College. The two became engaged in 1928 and later married. Together they co-founded Stagecraft Studios, a theatrical supply business, before divorcing in 1934. While at Stagecraft studios, Ginno honed her skills in costume design, set design, and makeup.
After her divorce, Ginno met Austrian artist and etcher John Winkler, who trained her in drawing and etching. Ginno's friendships as well as her continued artistic education led to greater artistic exposure, including exhibits at galleries and venues in Williamstown, Massachusetts, San Francisco, California, and New York City, New York. In 1949 John Winkler and Ginno married. Ginno joined the California Society of Etchers (CSE) and later served as the president for 15 years. Her work was later shown at the Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, the Chicago Art Institute, and the Boston Printmakers Gallery.
Called one of the "most culturally significant, pre-World War II events to affect the public perception of west coast art", the 1940 Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE) World's Fair was held on Treasure Island outside of San Francisco. While there, she joined sixty other artists in an Art in Action exhibit, showcasing the active creation of their art, including Diego Rivera, who created his mural, Pan-American Unity while in attendance. Ginno's costume design experience joined with her experience at the World's Fair cumulated in the creation of seventy-five sketches of "depicting men, women, and children of various cultures in traditional dress". Her etchings include depictions of Russia, Portugal, Finland, Alsatia, Croatia, Scotland, Romania, Finland and France, with relatively few from Africa, and none of Asian groups. Ginnos work "appears to have focused on countries impacted by the war in Europe".
Elizabeth died in 1991 in El Cerrito, California after having worked for more than thirty five years at the Engineering Department at the University of California, Berkeley as a draftsman and illustrator. |
32803237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%20Puerto%20Rican%20general%20election | 1948 Puerto Rican general election | General elections were held in Puerto Rico on 2 November 1948, which included the first-ever elections for the position of governor, who had previously been appointed by the President of the United States. Luis Muñoz Marín of the Popular Democratic Party won the gubernatorial elections with 61% of the vote, becoming the first ever popularly elected governor of Puerto Rico.
Results
Governor
Resident Commissioner
Senate
At-large Senators
District Senators
House of Representatives
At-large Representatives
District Representatives |
5867257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia%20Symphony%20Orchestra | Virginia Symphony Orchestra | The Virginia Symphony Orchestra (VSO) is an American orchestra administratively based in Norfolk. The VSO performs concerts in various venues in Virginia, including:
Chrysler Hall, Norfolk
The Sandler Center for the Performing Arts, Virginia Beach
Ferguson Center for the Arts, Newport News
Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg
Regent University in Virginia Beach
The VSO also works closely with Virginia Opera and the Virginia Arts Festival.
History
Walter Edward Howe, Marian Carpenter, and Robert C. Whitehead founded the orchestra in 1920 as the Norfolk Civic Symphony Orchestra. The orchestra gave its first concert on 21 April 1921, conducted by Howe, who was the first music director of the orchestra. At the time, the Norfolk Civic Symphony Orchestra was the only American orchestra between Baltimore and Atlanta.
In 1949, during the music directorship of Edgar Schenkman, the Norfolk Civic Symphony Orchestra merged with the Civic Chorus to form the Norfolk Symphony and Choral Association. During the subsequent music directorship of Russell Stanger, the orchestra hired its first African-American musician, and took up residency in Chrysler Hall, which had opened in 1972. During the 1970s, the orchestra began colloborating with the Virginia Opera. During the US economic crisis and recession of the 1970s, the Virginia Symphony assumed its present form in 1979 with the merger of the Norfolk Symphony, Peninsula Symphony Orchestra, and the Virginia Beach Pops Symphony.
In May 1991, JoAnn Falletta was appointed the orchestra's eleventh music director, the first female conductor to be named music director of the VSO. In April 2018, the VSO announced that Falletta would step down as its music director in June 2020. Falletta now holds the title of music director laureate.
In 2018, Eric Jacobsen first guest-conducted the VSO. In June 2021, the VSO announced the appointment of Jacobsen as its next music director, effective with the 2021–2022 season.
Karen Philion most recently served as the VSO's president and chief executive officer from 2014 to 2022. In November 2022, the VSO announced the appointment of Andrea F. Warren as its new president and chief executive officer, the first African American woman named to the post, effective 1 December 2022.
Music directors
Walter Edward Howe
W. Henry Baker
Bart Wirtz
Arthur Fickenscher
Frank L. Delpino
Henry Cowles Whitehead (1934–1948)
Edgar Schenkman (1948–1966)
Russell Stanger (1966–1980)
Richard Williams (1980–1986)
Winston Dan Vogel (1986–1990)
JoAnn Falletta (1991–2020)
Eric Jacobsen (2021–present) |
106372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20of%20Kom%20Ombo | Temple of Kom Ombo | The Temple of Kom Ombo is an unusual double temple in the town of Kom Ombo in Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt. It was constructed during the Ptolemaic dynasty, 180–47 BC. Some additions to it were later made during the Roman period.
Architecture
The building is unique because its 'double' design meant that there were courts, halls, sanctuaries and rooms duplicated for two sets of gods. The southern half of the temple was dedicated to the crocodile god Sobek, god of fertility and creator of the world with Hathor and Khonsu. Meanwhile, the northern part of the temple was dedicated to the falcon god Haroeris ("Horus the Elder"), along "with Tasenetnofret (the Good Sister, a special form of Hathor or Tefnet/Tefnut) and Panebtawy (Lord of the Two Lands)". The temple is atypical because everything is perfectly symmetrical along the main axis.
Decorations
The texts and reliefs in the temple refer to cultic liturgies which were similar to those from that time period. The temple itself had a specific theology. The characters invoked the gods of Kom Ombo and their legend. Two themes were present in this temple: the universalist theme and the local theme. The two combine to form the theology of this temple. A temple was already built in the New Kingdom to honor these gods, however, this site gained in importance during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. Little remains of the New Kingdom temple. The existing temple was begun by Ptolemy VI Philometor (180–145 BC) at the beginning of his reign and added to by other Ptolemies, most notably Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (51–47 BC), who built the inner and outer hypostyles. The scene on the inner face of the rear wall of the temple is of particular interest, and "probably represents a set of surgical instruments".
Current state
Much of the temple has been destroyed by the Nile, earthquakes, and later builders who used its stones for other projects. Some of the reliefs inside were defaced by Copts, who once used the temple as a church. All the temples buildings in the southern part of the plateau were cleared of debris and restored by Jacques de Morgan in 1893.
Crocodile Museum
A few of the three hundred crocodile mummies discovered in the vicinity are displayed in The Crocodile Museum.
In April 2018, the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities announced the discovery of the head of the bust of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius during work to protect the site from groundwater.
In September 2018, the Egyptian antiquities ministry announced that a sandstone sphinx statue had been discovered at the temple. The statue, measuring approximately in width and in height, likely dates to the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
Gallery |
30628759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam%20Myhra | Pam Myhra | Pamela J. Myhra (born 1957) is an American politician and served as a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives during the 87th and 88th legislative sessions. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, she represented portions of Dakota and Scott counties in the southern Twin Cities metropolitan area. During her first term representing Minnesota House District 40A; January 4, 2011 to January 7, 2013; Myhra served as a member of the Capital Investment, Education Finance, Education Policy and Tax committees. During her second term representing Minnesota House District 56A; January 8, 2013 to January 5, 2015; Myhra served as the minority lead member on the Early Childhood and Youth Development Policy committee and as a member of the Education Finance and Tax committees. In her second term she was appointed the minority party House legislative liaison to the Minnesota Early Learning Council and to the Minnesota Youth Council.
Myhra is a certified public accountant with an active license and is a member of the MN Society of CPAs .
Early life, education, and career
Myhra is a long-term resident of Burnsville where she graduated from Burnsville High School in 1975. After graduating from the University of St. Thomas in Saint Paul, earning her B.A. with honors in Business Administration, she joined the public accounting firm, KPMG. As a certified public accountant, she specialized in banking, insurance, and government until placing her career on hold to have a family and home educate her three children. Active in her community, she has also served as a director of a girls’ club and teacher of numerous parenting classes.
Political career
Myhra is a graduate of the Minnesota Excellence in Public Service Series, a communication, leadership, and management program for female leaders; a fellow of the National Conference of State Legislatures Early Learning program; and a Council of State Governments Early Childhood Development program participant. Myhra received the "Elected Women of Excellence Award" from the National Foundation of Women Legislators in November 2013.
Myhra was first elected to the District 56A of the House in 2010, and was re-elected in 2012. She did not seek re-election in 2014. Myhra ran as a candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota as the running mate of GOP gubernatorial candidate, Marty Seifert, who ran for the Republican nomination for Governor of Minnesota. Their ticket was defeated in the Republican Primary on August 12, 2014. Myhra opted to run for Lieutenant Governor, rather than seek re-election to her House seat in 2014. In 2018, Myrha ran for Minnesota State Auditor, but lost to Julie Blaha. In 2020, Myrha ran for her previously held House seat, but lost to Jessica Hanson. |
24074893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arma%202%3A%20Operation%20Arrowhead | Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead | Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead (Arma 2: OA; stylized as AA II: Operation Arrowhead) is a standalone expansion pack to Bohemia Interactive's tactical shooter Arma 2. Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead includes three new multiplayer maps, new vehicles and equipment, new factions, along with a new campaign.
The game has sold 3.5 million copies as of February 2015.
Gameplay
In Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead, the player can assume the role of various military duties from simple infantry man or a special forces operative to tank commander or pilot of a combat helicopter. Also in some scenarios the users are allowed to command units like a real-time strategy game. Players are allowed to perform duties that real soldiers would perform during combat. In addition to campaigns, players are allowed to play mini-missions and participate in a simulated training program.
Features
Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead features United States Army military equipment, albeit with some creative liberties taken by the developers. The U.S. Army's standard M16 rifle has been replaced by the SCAR-L and SCAR-H in-game. New armored vehicles that were not included in Arma 2 include the U.S. Army's Stryker ICV and Bradley IFV. The U.S. Marine Corps that featured prominently in Arma 2 are not included in Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead, instead being replaced with U.S. Army soldiers, wearing the Army Combat Uniform in the Universal Camouflage Pattern. In addition, three new factions are included: NATO, United Nations peacekeeping forces from the fictional country of Chernarus, and the Takistani Army. NATO forces include the United States Army, the Army of the Czech Republic, and the German Kommando Spezialkräfte.
One touted addition to the game includes the ability to have FLIR thermal imaging technology included on vehicles such as the AH-64D Apache Longbow, and featured as rifle optics. In the game, running vehicles and live humans will glow when viewed through FLIR imaging, as in real life.
Plot
Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead is set in the fictional country of Takistan and takes place in the then-future of summer 2012; nearly three years after the Chernarus conflict of fall 2009 that is depicted in Arma 2, right after Arma 2's hidden ending. In the game's single-player campaign, Takistani government led by Colonel Muhammad Aziz threatens to use SCUD missiles against a neighboring Karzeghistan, following the outbreak of the economic crisis caused by the anti-government rebels who destroyed a significant part of country's oil wells. U.S. and NATO forces are sent in to prevent the attack and overthrow Aziz government and to possibly back up the anti-government royalist faction. Players have the ability to perform optional tasks throughout the game, allowing for multiple endings.
Development
Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead uses a customized version of Bohemia Interactive's own Real Virtuality 3 engine. The game allows the user to include original Arma 2 content to the game. Alternatively both games can be bought together in a package called Arma 2: Combined Operations. Several patches have been released for Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead, including public beta patches.
The game is AMD Eyefinity validated.
DayZ
In early 2012, a mod was released for Arma 2 and Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead, called DayZ. The mod centers around zombies and features a medical system. It met with enormous success in the Arma community and has had a crossover into the mainstream gaming scene, boosting Arma 2'''s sales drastically. , DayZ reached 1,600,000 unique players and 2,769 years played in playing time.
Downloadable content
On 29 August 2010 a downloadable content pack named British Armed Forces (BAF) was released worldwide which added the British Army faction to the game, including units and new vehicles.
The second downloadable content pack, Private Military Company (PMC), adds the ability for the player to play as a contractor for a fictional private military company ION. It also includes a new campaign Black Gauntlet, where the ION team has to assist and protect the UN inspector team coming to Takistan to inspect the remains of the abandoned Takistani nuclear program. In this campaign, player assumes the role of ION operative Brian Frost who, along with his team, escorts the UN inspectors through the war-torn Takistan while avoiding any large-scale conflict with multiple warring factions. The team also uncovers a conspiracy into which ION is involved and could have worldwide consequences, if made public, so Frost has to choose between loyalty and morality.British Armed Forces and Private Military Company DLCs were bundled onto DVD and released as an expansion called Arma 2: Reinforcements on 1 April 2011.
On 1 August 2012, a third DLC titled Army of the Czech Republic (ACR) was released.
Reception
The game has received warm reviews from critics. GameSpot says "Arma 2: Operation Arrowhead, its stand-alone expansion, boasts all the beauty, realism, and action of the original and none of the game-breaking bugs. Improving upon its predecessor in almost every way. " Although the maps and weapons received praise from reviewers, they go on to say that its steep learning curve might deter people from playing. PC Gamer goes on to say "If you aren't open to the idea of spending days getting accustomed to a control scheme, understanding the layout and functionality of complex communication menus, and partaking in a style of gameplay that rewards patience, planning, and perseverance, then it's not very likely you're going to enjoy the intricate product Bohemia's created. " IGN elaborates saying "It's a game only for the dedicated, but if you've got the desire and the attention span, it's absolutely worth checking out.." Critics also point out that the game engine it uses still has AI glitches like its predecessor. Many critics also said that the game was too computer-intensive, causing many "hiccups" in performance. |
16929799 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Reliance | HMS Reliance | Three ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Reliance, whilst a fourth was planned:
was a discovery vessel purchased in 1793. She became famous as one of the ships with the early explorations of the Australian coast and other the southern Pacific islands. She was used for harbour service from 1800 and was sold in 1815.
was a 12-gun tender in service between 1812 and 1815.
was a repair ship, previously the civilian ship Knight Companion. She was purchased in 1912 and was sold in 1919.
HMS Reliance was to have been a repair ship. She was launched in 1944 as the Liberty ship SS Dutiful and it was intended that she would be transferred to the Royal Navy under the terms of Lend-Lease. She was instead retained by the United States Navy and commissioned into their service as .
Royal Navy ship names |
443356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blairgowrie | Blairgowrie | Blairgowrie may refer to:
Blairgowrie, Perth and Kinross, a town in Scotland now part of the burgh of Blairgowrie and Rattray
Blairgowrie, Victoria, Australia
Blairgowrie, Gauteng, South Africa |
52899674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20A.%20Adams%20Farmstead%20Historic%20District | John A. Adams Farmstead Historic District | John A. Adams Farmstead Historic District, also known as Cedarcroft Farm, is a historic home and farm and national historic district located near Warrensburg, Johnson County, Missouri. The district consists of four contributing properties—three contributing buildings and one contributing structure. The buildings are a house (c. 1867-1876), a barn (c. 1867), and a barn (c. 1880). The structure is a system of sewer and drainage tiles and dams constructed beginning in 1875 and which underlays much of the district.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. |
11477510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20LST-875 | USS LST-875 | USS LST-875 was an in the United States Navy. Like many of her class, she was not named and is properly referred to by her hull designation.
LST-875 was laid down on 18 October 1944 at Evansville, Indiana, by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co.; launched on 29 November 1944; sponsored by Mrs. Karl R. Zimmermann; and commissioned on 22 December 1944.
Service history
During World War II, LST-875 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater and participated in the assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto in May and June 1945. Following the war, she performed occupation duty in the Far East until mid-September 1945. She was decommissioned on 22 April 1946 and struck from the Navy list on 19 July that same year. On 2 July 1948, the ship was transferred to the Philippine Navy where she served as RPS Misamis Oriental (LT-40).RPS Misamis Oriental Ferried soldiers of the Philippine Expeditionary Force to Korea during the Korean War.
LST-875 earned one battle star for World War II service. |
62176629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araer%20Dam | Araer Dam | The Araer dam is a dam in Saudi Arabia opened in 1985 and located in Asir region. The main purpose of the dam is flood control. |
3628248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stechford%20Baptist%20Church | Stechford Baptist Church | Stechford Baptist Church is a small Baptist church in the Stechford area of Birmingham, England and is notable for a 40-year history of combating racism and promoting community cohesion in a British urban-deprived setting. In the vanguard of attempts from the 1960s to engage immigrant Caribbean communities within mainstream indigenous churches, it played a key role in opposing the National Front during the 1970s. By the 1980s and 1990s it achieved a 50%/50% balance of indigenous and non-indigenous membership and leadership, thereby contrasting sharply with a UK tendency towards majority-white and majority-black churches, where splits are typically in the 90/10 ratio. During the 1990s the church developed relationships with a number of black-led community groups which had grown out of the 1985 Handsworth riots (which also included Stechford), and from 2000 the church worked to support asylum-seeker rights. One of the church leaders, Mrs E C McGhie-Belgrave, was awarded the MBE in 2002 and subsequently the Queen's Golden Jubilee Award in 2004 for her contribution to community cohesion and Black-White issues in Birmingham.
History
Stechford Baptist Church preserves a complete set of written minutes from the date of its founding. A history of Stechford Baptist was commissioned by community organisation Shades of Black in 1998.
The church was established in 1906, beginning meetings at the Council Schools and subsequently in the Masonic Hall. The present building, a Canadian timber frame and asbestos panel structure, was erected in 1926 on a larger plot of land acquired by the church. The timber frame structure was expected to last about ten years, to be replaced by a permanent brick structure. However, this work was never undertaken, and the additional land was sold for housing in the 1970s. For a long time the timber frame structure was known as 'Stechford Baptist Hall' , or Stechford church hall a reflection of the expectation of a permanent structure.
Organisation
In common with other British Baptist churches, Stechford Baptist is congregational in structure, with the Church Meeting of adult members electing the officers of the church at the Annual General Meeting. The calling of a pastor is also in the hands of the Church Meeting, although for more than half of its history the church has been lay-led. The church belongs to the Baptist Union of Great Britain, although there is no authority link between the union and the church, reflecting the position that the Baptist Union is an association with administrative functions rather than a denomination.
Location
The building is situated in Victoria Road, Stechford, inside the Albert Road – Lyttelton Road – Victoria Road triangle originally established by a building programme which accompanied the construction of the railway station in 1843. All of the existing church buildings within Stechford are within this triangle: Stechford Methodist (closed for services from 2005) is on Lyttelton Road, All Saints is on Albert Road, and Corpus Christi straddles Albert and Lyttelton Roads. |
11046532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Santos%20Chocano | José Santos Chocano | José Santos Chocano Gastañodi (May 14, 1875 – December 13, 1934), more commonly known by his pseudonym "El Cantor de América" (), was a Peruvian poet, writer and diplomat, whose work was widely praised across Europe and Latin America. Considered by many to be one of the most important Spanish-American poets, his poetry of grandiloquent tone was very sonorous and full of color.
He produced lyrical poetry of singular intimacy, refined with formalism, within the molds of modernism. His work is inspired by the themes, the landscapes and the people of Peru and of America in general. He became the most popular writer in Peru after Ricardo Palma, although his ascendancy in Peruvian literary circles gradually diminished, to the benefit of another great poet of Peru, César Vallejo.
He claimed to have rediscovered Latin America through verse in his 1906 collection Alma América, which carried an introduction by the distinguished philosopher-poet Miguel de Unamuno. Chocano was involved in many violent feuds with other intellectuals, and was jailed for shooting a journalist who had criticized him. In his turn, Chocano was stabbed to death on a tram in Santiago de Chile by an unknown assailant.
Chocano is remembered by most Peruvians as a great poet; his compositions "Blazon", "The horses of the conquerors" and "Who knows! ..." are classics of recitations to the present.
Life and work
Born in Lima, Peru, Chocano was admitted to the National University of San Marcos at the early age of 14 years.
After a short term in jail for political activism, he relocated to Madrid in the early 20th century. In this city his poems were first recognized by the Spanish literary and artistic circles; many notable artist and writers invited him to recite his poems at their reunions. This allowed Chocano to interact with prominent Spanish and Latin American intellectuals and artist such as Juan Gris, who become known by this pseudonym by signing the illustrations that he created for Chocano's book entitled Alma América and Poemas Indoespañoles (Soul America: Indo-Spanish poems) in 1906; Miguel de Unamuno, who wrote the prologue for Alma América; Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo; and Rubén Darío; and thus his name reached a prominent status not only in Spain, but in France and all over Latin America. His 1906 poetry collection, Alma América, was offered and taken as a "New World" corrective to the purportedly cosmopolitan modernismo of Rubén Darío. Chocano was a sophisticated writer whose metrics and creativity were sought by many statesmen who contracted his services as a writer and adviser for many years. He worked for different regimes and traveled a decade and a half through Latin and Central America, where he befriended a variety of political figures from different points on the ideological spectrum, such as Pancho Villa in Mexico, Manuel Estrada Cabrera in Guatemala, and Woodrow Wilson in the USA, with whom he struck up a correspondence.
After the coup which deposed Estrada Cabrera in 1920, Chocano was briefly imprisoned, and subsequently returned to Peru, where he became associated with President Augusto B. Leguía. On November 5, 1922, Chocano was recognized by the government of Peru as a most notable poet of Peru, he was laureated as "The Poet of America" in a ceremony featuring Leguia himself, various ministers, delegates from all the provinces of Peru, and a number of young and established writers.
Three years later, Chocano became embroiled in a dispute with Mexican intellectual José Vasconcelos; when Peruvian students sided with Vasconcelos, Chocano phoned the journalist Edwin Elmore to complain about his recent article on the polemic; insults and threats quickly followed. Elmore dashed off an article detailing Chocano's attack on him, and hurried to his office at the newspaper "El Comercio" to insert it. Unfortunately, as Elmore left the building, Chocano arrived at it, and after Elmore slapped Chocano, the latter pulled a gun and shot the young journalist in the stomach. Elmore died soon after.
Released after two years in jail, Chocano moved to Santiago de Chile, where he lived in dire poverty while preparing a new collection of poetry, Primicias de Oro de Indias. He was stabbed to death on a streetcar in 1934; reports are divided as to whether his assassin was a stranger, a madman, or a rival in a love affair. It is thought that his murder had to do with his political positions.
Style
Chocano is considered one of the most important leaders of the Latin-American Modernism, sharing this distinction with Ruben Darío (Nicaragua), Manuel González Prada (Peru), José Martí (Cuba), Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera (México), José Asunción Silva (Colombia) and others. However, Chocano's style is difficult to classify exactly, since it is very diverse and copious: for instance, some experts state that his writing is nearer to romanticism that to modernism; while others, like the American critic, Willis Knapp Jones, have denominated Chocano's work as "novomundista", i.e., a poet writing about the "new World" or America. Chocano was a very prolific poet, who also wrote epic and lyric poems. |
2922220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20Train%20%28South%20Africa%29 | Blue Train (South Africa) | The Blue Train travels an approximately journey in South Africa between Pretoria and Cape Town. It is one of the most luxurious train journeys in the world. It boasts butler service, two lounge cars (smoking and non-smoking), an observation car, and carriages with gold-tinted picture windows, in soundproofed, fully carpeted compartments, each featuring its own en-suite (many of which are equipped with a full-sized bathtub). The service is promoted as a "magnificent moving five-star hotel" by its operators, who note that kings and presidents have travelled on it.
History
The Blue Train's origins date back to 1923, when the Union Express commenced between Johannesburg and Cape Town, it was named the Union Limited in the reverse direction. The Union Express introduced luxury features such as a dining saloon in 1933 and air-conditioned carriages from Metro-Cammell in 1939.
After being withdrawn in 1942 due to World War II, the service returned in 1946. With the reintroduction of the train, the colloquial "blue train" moniker, a reference to the blue-painted steel carriages introduced in 1937, was formally adopted as the new name.
In 1955 it began to be hauled by 3E electric locomotives between Cape Town and Touws River. In 1959 a Wegmann & Co built air-conditioned dining and kitchen car was inserted into each set. In September 1972, two 16 carriage sets built by Union Carriage & Wagon were introduced. In 1997 it was refurbished and relaunched. In 2015, Class 20Es 20-031 and 20-032 were assigned to the train replacing Class 18Es.
Route
Prior to 2002 the Blue Train operated on four distinct routes:
the main Pretoria-Cape Town service
the scenic "Garden Route" from Cape Town to Port Elizabeth
to Hoedspruit, along the western edge of Kruger National Park
to Zimbabwe's Victoria Falls
By 2004 the last two routes had been suspended, the former due to lack of patronage, the latter due to erratic rail rates being charged for access to the network of financially strapped Zimbabwe. As of 2007 the only regular route in operation was Pretoria-Cape Town; however special package tours were offered to Durban or the Bakubung Game Lodge. Other variations on the route have been offered.
Shosholoza Meyl, the long-distance train division of the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa, operates trains on the same Pretoria to Cape Town route. One train per day runs in each direction, but this not a 'luxury' service. As of 2009, the Blue Train is operated by Luxrail, a division of Transnet Freight Rail.
Operations require two Blue Trains in operation: one operates in the northern direction and the other in the southern direction, allowing for daily departures from both ends of the route. The first train accommodates 74 guests in 37 suites. The second accommodates 58 guests in 29 suites and features a conference or observation car at the back of the train.
The trains travel at a speed of up to . |
36383340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%20Mortem%20%282010%20film%29 | Post Mortem (2010 film) | Post Mortem is a 2010 Chilean drama film directed by Pablo Larraín and set during the 1973 military coup that overthrew former President Salvador Allende, inaugurating the 17-year dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. The film competed in the 67th Venice International Film Festival, Antofagasta Film Festival, Havana Film Festival and the Guadalajara International Film Festival. The film's main character Mario Cornejo is based on a real person with the same name.
Plot
Mario (Alfredo Castro) works as a pathologist's assistant in Santiago, responsible for taking down the pathologist's commentary during post-mortems. The job has given him a grey, deathly appearance. During the military coup, Mario had a love affair with a show dancer named Nancy (Antonia Zegers), who lives across the street with her younger brother David and her father, a communist and Allende supporter. On the morning of September 11, the date of the coup, a military raid takes place in Nancy's house and her brother and father are arrested. Mario embarks on a frantic search for Nancy, who has disappeared, while also facing pressure from the military to hide the true causes of death of the bodies piling up in the morgue.
Cast
Alfredo Castro - Mario Cornejo
Antonia Zegers - Nancy Puelma (Bim Bam Bum dancer)
Jaime Vadell - Dr. Castillo
Amparo Noguera - Sandra
Marcelo Alonso - Victor
Marcial Tagle - Captain Montes
Santiago Graffigna - David Puelma
Ernesto Malbrán - Arturo Puelma
Aldo Parodi - Director of Bim Bam Bum
Adriano Castillo - comedian in Bim Bam Bum
Cinematography
The film has a projected aspect ratio of 2.66:1, which is ultra-wide and very unusual. One reviewer observes that "Post Mortem'''s muted color scheme reflects the drab '70s world that only adds insult to injury for Pinochet’s trampled victims." With director of photography Sergio Armstrong, Larraín shot the film with Russian LOMO anamorphic lenses, the type used in the 1970s by Andrei Tarkovsky and other Russian filmmakers. The lenses are intended for 35 mm film, but Larrain shot on 16 mm film, achieving a look he describes as "very special". Larraín describes the process of lighting the film as follows:
And then when we were shooting, we were doing all kinds of lighting setups, and we never liked anything that we had. One day we had an electrical problem and all the lighting we had set up went down before we started shooting. So I asked for somebody to turn on the lights for the room, and when I looked at the monitor I realized that I really liked the idea of using very regular light coming from the ceiling, but a lot of them. We created this very plain array so the film would have this public lighting look. It also made sense because there is a certain politic to it. And after the test we realized that it actually did work because it creates such muted colors with very little shadows and we liked that. It was plain, it was grainy, and the color palette was very special. So we only used regular lightbulbs, hung up all over the set but mostly from the ceiling.
Reception
The film is well-received by critics and considered further proof of Larraín’s talent, previously noted in Tony Manero. It received four stars from both The Guardian, which called it “an eerie portrait of a disturbing time” and Time Out, which praised the “humorously unconventional framings, expressively washed-out colour tones and mysterious low-key performances” that bring together “human comedy and historical tragedy to unique, and surprisingly emotional, effect.”. The New York Times critic A. O. Scott wrote that “the achievement of Post Mortem is to take rigorous and unsentimental measure of the unpleasantness”. Post Mortem has also been popular on the Rotten Tomatoes public film reviews website, where it has an 88% approval rating based on 34 reviews, with an average score of 7.08/10.
Awards
Antofagasta Film Festival - Best Film
Antofagasta Film Festival - Best Actress (Antonia Zegers'')
Havana Film Festival - Second Prize Coral
Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano de La Habana - Best Actress (Antonia Zegers)
Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano de La Habana - Best Actor (Alfredo Castro)
Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano de La Habana - Best Screenplay
Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano de La Habana - FIPRESCI Award
Festival Internacional de Cine de Cartagena - Best Picture
Festival Internacional de Cine de Guadalajara - Best Picture
Festival Internacional de Cine de Guadalajara - Best Actor (Alfredo Castro)
Festival Internacional de Cine de Guadalajara - Best Cinematography (Sergio Armstrong) |
18445969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit%20Obeid | Beit Obeid | Beit Obeid, Beit Abid () is a village in Zgharta District, in the Northern Governorate of Lebanon. |
40728822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20War%20Zimmerman | World War Zimmerman | "World War Zimmerman" is the third episode in the seventeenth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 240th episode of the series overall, it premiered on Comedy Central in the United States on October 9, 2013. The episode parodies the 2013 film World War Z and the killing of Trayvon Martin by George Zimmerman.
Plot
Eric Cartman draws attention by acting unusually nice to Token Black, and having nightmares while asleep in class. When his counselor, Mr. Mackey, questions him, Cartman says he thinks Token is a "ticking time bomb". It is revealed that his nightmares feature himself as Brad Pitt's character in the feature film World War Z, with the role of the zombies in that film being played by African Americans, including Token, who are rioting after the verdict of the Zimmerman trial. With Mackey's encouragement, Cartman reads a poem to Token, and later performs a musical adaptation of it at a student assembly, disavowing any involvement with the Zimmerman case. When Token takes offense at the notion that he should feel bad because of Cartman's feelings, Cartman, feeling the "outbreak has started", goes to his house for his survival kit, picks up a random woman, and commandeers a passenger plane at an airport, warning the passengers they can only stop the end of the world by finding a place where the "contagion" cannot reach them.
On the airplane, Cartman discovers a black passenger in the bathroom, and barricades him in. When the passenger tries to break out, the other passengers begin to panic, causing the plane to crash in the Rocky Mountains. Cartman and the woman survive and go to Jimbo's gun store to purchase a rifle to kill Token, but Jimbo informs him he can not shoot anybody unless he is threatened in his own home. After considering this, Cartman and the woman head for Florida to shoot George Zimmerman, as a way to stop the outbreak. She is run over and killed. Cartman goes to Zimmermans' house wearing black paint on his face. Zimmerman shoots Cartman, to the praise of the officials for apparently saving them, before one of the agents discovers that Cartman is white. Zimmerman is tried, found guilty, and executed via electrocution for attempted murder.
Cartman survives the shooting, and back in South Park, he apologizes to Token, who is upset. Cartman then tricks Token into moving close enough to shoot him in accordance with the stand-your-ground law. At school, Cartman is sent to Mackey's office along with a bandaged Token. When Mackey demands that the two apologize to each other in order to resolve their "feud", Token angrily denounces the stand-your-ground law for not also applying to black people. Once more, Cartman panics, flees, and causes yet another plane to crash.
Production
The animation for Cartman's dream sequences was completed very early in the production cycle of the season, as series co-creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone came up with the idea on the annual "writers retreat" during the break between seasons sixteen and seventeen. They intended to expand on the dream sequence and use it for the season's premiere episode. They originally intended the episode to consist almost entirely of the dream sequence and reveal this at the end by having Cartman wake up. Parker was pleased that they ultimately decided against the idea because this episode is one of the very few that Parker's father told him he did not understand. Parker felt this would have been worsened if they had remained with their original idea, concluding that his father disliked the episode because he had not seen World War Z.
Commenting on how the writers were pleased with the episode, Parker said that the season's third episode is usually when the writers have “shaken off the rust”. Token being shot towards the end of the episode was originally going to be expanded into a permanent death because The Simpsons had done a similar story, but it was quickly decided against because Parker and Stone "love having Token around".
Reception
In its original American broadcast, "World War Zimmerman" was watched by 2.056 million overall households, according to Nielsen Media Research. The episode received a 1.2 rating/5 share among adults aged between 18 and 49.
Marcus Gilmer of The A.V. Club gave the episode an "A−", saying, "Some of those moments were brutal but it in a meaningful, impactful, and, yes, even funny way. That's what satire does when it works: It scorches."
Max Nicholson of IGN graded the episode an 8.7 out of 10 and opined that "I always know it's a great episode of South Park when I have to walk on eggshells just to review it." He praised the "great social commentary" and concluded that the episode was "a return to form for South Park".
Chris Longo of Den of Geek gave the episode four and a half stars out of five. He described it as featuring "classic Cartman" and concluded by saying "when South Park took an extended hiatus, we dreamed it would pay off in well-thought out, precisely executed performances like these. Bravo, Matt and Trey."
Josh Kurp of Uproxx described being left "speechless", and compared Cartman's behavior in the episode to his acts in the fifth season episode "Scott Tenorman Must Die". |
6327441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimo%21 | Chimo! | Chimo! (Inuit for "Hello") was a Canadian jazz-rock/jazz fusion band, founded in 1969. The band played with some of the biggest acts of their era, and recorded one album, Cross Country Man for Revolver Records.
History
Chimo! evolved from Georgian IV, a band formed in Parry Sound in 1962 by John Johnson, Ross Raby, Stewart McCann and Rick King. After seven years of increasing success the band saw major personnel changes and, in 1969, changed its name to Chimo!, with the original line-up of Jack Mowbray (guitar), Tony Collacott (keyboards), Ross Raby (keyboards, vocals), John Johnson (guitar), Andy Cree (drums), and Breen La Boeuf (lead vocals).
Also in 1969, the band played alongside Chicago at the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival and, on June 28, 1970, opened the second day of the Festival Express with The Band and Janis Joplin at the Canadian National Exhibition Stadium. They also appeared at the Midsummer Night Rock Festival at Michigan State Fairgrounds Coliseum with Alice Cooper, The Poor Souls, Iggy & The Stooges, and others.
Following the release of the band's album Cross Country Man in November 1970, Andy Cree left to do sessions for David Wiffen before joining Anne Murray's band. He was replaced by Pat Little, who had previously been with Luke & The Apostles, and had been doing session work for Van Morrison and Peter, Paul & Mary. The new line-up was responsible for two singles, Little's "In The Sea" and Mowbray's "Cross Country Man".
In 1971, Raby, Johnson and Collacott left the band to start families (save for Collacott, who would have no children). Little joined the band Heaven and Earth, and then founded the band Flag. LeBoeuf joined a re-formed Motherlode and, in 1977, Offenbach.
Personnel
Breen LeBoeuf: vocals
Ross Raby: organ, vocals
Jack Mowbray: guitars, vocals
John Johnson: bass, vocals
Andy Cree: drums, percussion
Pat Little: drums, percussion
Tony Collacott: piano
Recordings |
27008007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinicalliotropis%20lamellifera | Spinicalliotropis lamellifera | Spinicalliotropis lamellifera is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eucyclidae.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off East Australia. |
27342245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanga%20River | Ulanga River | The Ulanga River, also known as the Kilombero River, rises in the highlands of the southwest of Morogoro Region, Tanzania, on the eastern slope of the East African Rift. The river flows northeast along the northeastern border of the Lindi Region before it flows into the Rufiji River. The Rufiji eventually flows into the Indian Ocean on the southern coast of the Pwani Region.
Geology
The Ulanga Valley is an intact natural wetland ecosystem comprising myriad rivers, which make up the largest seasonally freshwater lowland floodplain in East Africa. The Ulanga River supplies two thirds of the Rufiji waters.
The Ulanga River is formed by the convergence of major rivers coming from the south, that flow north from the mountain ranges of the Njombe and Iringa regions on the eastern slope of the East African Rift and south from the Udzungwa Mountains and Mahenge Mountains. From south the Ruhudji River winds eastward, losing height quite rapidly, to the head of the great floodplain of the Ulanga Valley. The floodplain occupies the flat floor of the Ulanga Valley at 210–250 m.a.s.l. The valley is oriented south-west north-east, between densely forested escarpments in the Udzungwa Mountains, which tower at 2,250 meters above the valley floor (), on the north-western side and the Mahenge Mountains on the southern side (). The Ruhudji receives several important tributaries and then divides on the floodplain into a number of channels, which produce a network in the central part of the floodplain. Other affluents draining the mountains on opposing sides of the valley join the network so that in the central part there are ten major channels flowing roughly in parallel. A zone of permanent swamps, 45 km long, extends up to 4 km away from the west bank of the Kihansi River. The Kihansi was dammed in its upstream ranges above the Kihansi Gorge in 1995. The southern central parts of the floodplain descend 40 meters over a distance of 210 km. At Ifakara the valley narrows in to be about 4 km wide and the rivers are united into the main stream of the Ulanga River. East of Ifakara the Ulanga flows through a delta of oxbow lakes and is joined on its left bank by the Msolwa River. This stream comes from the high escarpment of the Udzungwas and traverses the northern part of the floodplain, skirting another zone of permanent swampland to the west. From the point of confluence the Ulanga River swings sharply southeast and leaves the floodplain (and the Ramsar Site) on the border of the Selous Game Reserve. The Ulanga River then continues for 65 km to confluence with the Luwegu where they merge at the Shuguli Falls to become the Rufiji River. The Rufiji then flows northeast through the Selous Game Reserve on its way to the Indian Ocean.
History
Starting in 1885, Karl Peters had begun claiming areas of East Africa for Germany. The Tanganyikan coast proved relatively easy, but conquest of the inland areas of the colony—right up to the Belgian Congo—was more difficult as large parts were still unexplored. For this reason, Governor Gustav Adolf von Götzen led an expedition to claim these hinterlands. He took with him Georg von Prittwitz and Hermann Kersting.
The Ulanga River and its tributary the Kihansi were first surveyed in 1897-98 by von Prittwitz in an attempt to determine whether either river would afford a navigable waterway from the coast to the mountainous district of Uhehe. From Perondo von Prittwitz navigated the Kihansi in a canoe, determining that the Kihansi was too difficult to navigate due to the great number of sharp curves with narrow channel obstructed by hippopotamuses. The Ulanga with its broad smooth curves was easy to navigate by a light-draught steamer.
Political and economic
The Ulanga River forms the boundary between the Ulanga District and Kilombero District of the Morogoro Region in the southeast of Tanzania.
The majority of the villagers in the Ulanga Valley are subsistence farmers of maize and rice, though many make a living fishing. There are large plantations of teak wood in the Ulanga valley. In the north-west of the district, Illovo Sugar Company's sugar-cane plantations occupy most of the lowlying area.
Wildlife
The Ulanga Valley is characterized by its large populations of large mammals such as the buffalo, elephant, hippopotamus, lion, and puku. The majority of the world population of puku antelopes live in the Ulanga Valley. The valley is home to one of the largest populations of Nile crocodile in Africa and is an important breeding ground for bird species such as the African openbill, white-headed lapwing, and the African skimmer. The valley is home to a number of species only found there, such as the Udzungwa red colobus monkey and three species of birds, the Ulanga weaver and two undescribed species of cisticolas.
The river supports 23 species of fish that are caught on a regular basis, including three species of fish not found downstream in the Rufiji: Alestes stuhlmannii and two species of Citharinus congicus. Fish from the Rufiji river system migrate upstream to the Ulanga to spawn, usually at the beginning of the rains in November with peak spawning activity coming around in December.
Cultural references
The eponymous boat in C.S. Forester's novel The African Queen (1935) and its subsequent film adaptation (1951) was a steam-powered launch, owned by a Belgian mining corporation, that plied the upper reaches of the Ulanga River.
The German animal painter Friedrich Wilhelm Kuhnert depicted the river in his 1898 painting The Gallery of Trees Ulanga River. |
30089379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiang%20Jingshan | Jiang Jingshan | Jiang Jingshan (; ; February 1936 – 27 June 2021) was a Chinese aerospace engineer with expertise in microwave remote sensing and spaceflight engineering. He had been the director of the Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy chief designer of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program and an aerospace expert of China's 863 Program.
Biography
Jiang was born in February 1936, in Longjing, in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province, Manchukuo. He was of Korean descent. He became the first Chinese researcher of microwave remote sensing technology, after his participation in the creation of China's first satellite, Dong Fang Hong I. He was the founder of China's National Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory (NMRS), Chinese Academy of Science.
He was an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, International Eurasian Academy of Sciences and a member of CN COSPAR.
Jiang was married to Chen Zenghui (); they had two children together. |
3476327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton%20Square | Hamilton Square | Hamilton Square is a town square in Birkenhead, Wirral, England. The Georgian square, which was designed by Edinburgh architect James Gillespie Graham, has the most Grade I listed buildings outside London (after Trafalgar Square). It is named after the family of the wife of Scottish shipbuilder William Laird.
History
In 1801 Birkenhead was still a small, undeveloped village on the banks of the River Mersey. With a recorded population of 110, it was overshadowed by the huge maritime port of Liverpool. In 1824 William Laird established a boiler works at Wallasey Pool just north of Woodside. This site developed into a shipbuilding yard. By 1831 the population of Birkenhead had risen to 2,790. As Birkenhead's economy grew, Laird had great plans for the area. In 1824, he had already bought land around Birkenhead on which he planned to build a new town.
Laird commissioned Gillespie Graham, a leading Edinburgh architect, to lay out a square and surrounding streets like Edinburgh New Town. Graham's design envisaged long and straight wide avenues lined with elegant town houses. Hamilton Square would be located where it would get the maximum benefit from the area's topography. This would ensure it would be visible from the Liverpool waterfront emphasising Birkenhead's civic pride. Work started on the eastern side of the new town around Hamilton Square in 1825. However, due to the economic depression throughout the mid-19th century, this would become the only part of Graham's plan to be fully completed. The square's name is taken from the maiden name, Mary Hamilton, of the mother of Laird's wife, Agnes MacGregor; Mary's brother William Hamilton was also one of Laird's business partners.
As the square would be the focal point of civic authority in Birkenhead, a lot was purposely left vacant on the east side of the square for a town hall. On 10 July 1835 part of the unused site, between Hamilton Street and Chester Street, was used to establish Birkenhead's first market. An increase in the town's population led to the opening of a much larger market nearby in 1845. In 1883, almost sixty years after work started, construction on the town hall began. Birkenhead Town Hall, which opened in 1887, was designed by local architect Charles Ellison. It is built of Scottish granite and sandstone from the local quarry at Storeton. The upper part of the clock tower was rebuilt in 1901 after suffering fire damage. Wirral Borough Council relocated to the Town Hall in 2023 from Wallasey Town Hall.
Features
No two sides of the square's Georgian terracing are identical. The private gardens within the square were acquired by the local council in 1903 and were subsequently opened to the public. The square include the town's cenotaph in front of the town hall, a large Queen Victoria Monument and a statue of John Laird (son of William Laird); 63 Hamilton Square, the former home of John Laird, Birkenhead's first Member of Parliament, is now a Grade I listed building, along with 1–18, 35–50 and 58–62 in Hamilton Square. Part of the square – which was built between 1825 and 1847 – was pedestrianised as part of £80m work carried out in the Hamilton Quarter area between 1995 and 2002. A plan by Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council to reopen the square to traffic, was scrapped in January 2016.
Hamilton Square railway station opened in 1886. |
44792949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Beachcomber%20%281915%20film%29 | The Beachcomber (1915 film) | The Beachcomber is a 1915 American drama silent film directed by Phil Rosen and written by Hobart Bosworth. The film stars Hobart Bosworth, Helen Wolcott, Mr. Rahawanaku, Cora Drew, John Weiss and W.F. Harrison. The film was released in 1915, by Paramount Pictures.
Plot
Cast
Hobart Bosworth as The Sailor
Helen Wolcott as Taleaa
Mr. Rahawanaku as Kane Pili
Cora Drew as Mother
John Weiss as Maukaa
W.F. Harrison as Nalu
J. Harvey as Ka'alehai
Dan Waid as Waonokiki
Rhea Haines as Palikii
Marshall Stedman as Mate of the Edith / Missionary |
22839870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa%20Convention%20Center | Okinawa Convention Center | The is a multi-purpose convention center in the city of Ginowan, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. They opened in 1987. It has a capacity of 5,000. It is the former home arena of the Ryukyu Golden Kings basketball team. |
18831999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyacheslav%20Kovalenko | Vyacheslav Kovalenko | Vyacheslav Yevgenevich Kovalenko () (born 27 March 1946) is a career diplomat and a former Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to Armenia. He served as ambassador to Georgia until the breakdown of diplomatic relations between Georgia and Russia in the wake of the August 2008 war.
Kovalenko graduated from the Institute of Oriental Languages at Moscow State University in 1972, and went on to work in various diplomatic posts in the central offices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and abroad.
In 2004, Kovalenko was appointed as Director of the Second Department of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and was appointed as Ambassador of Russia to Georgia on 11 July 2006. On 29 August 2008, Georgia ordered all Russian diplomats to leave the country. Kovalenko left Tbilisi on 30 September with 22 Russian diplomats on a flight to Moscow.
Kovalenko speaks Russian, Arabic, Belarusian and French.
September 2007 controversy
On 24 September 2007, the then Russian ambassador to Georgia, Vyacheslav Kovalenko, became embroiled in a controversy over his statement at a televised informal meeting with Georgian intellectuals organized by the Tbilisi-based Russian-Georgian Friendship Union in which he referred to the Georgian people as a "dying-out nation", and announced to the Georgians that they will soon become extinct in the face of globalization while Russia is "a large country, a huge country. It can digest this. You, the Georgians, will fail to digest this."
The statements sparked public outrage in Georgia, and Kovalenko was summoned by Georgia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs for explanations while the opposition factions in the Parliament of Georgia demanded the withdrawal of Kovalenko from Georgia. Georgian Parliamentary Chairperson, Nino Burjanadze, responded to the ambassador’s prediction: "Maybe, certain forces in Russia really want to see the extinction of Georgian nation, but this will not happen… I would advise Mr. Kovalenko to think about Russia and its demographic problems and we will ourselves take care of Georgian problems, including the demographic ones." |
15996184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADo%20Moa | Pío Moa | Luis Pío Moa Rodríguez (Vigo, Galicia, 1948) better known as simply Pío Moa, is a Spanish writer and journalist. He has authored historical essays about the origins of the Spanish Civil War, the Second Republic in Spain, Francoism and the various political movements of that era.
Following the death of Franco and the reinstatement of a democratic regime in Spain, a slow process of opening of archives and publicizing of Civil War related documents began. In the face of this process Moa started reviving the Francoist theses that the parties that formed the Popular Front were ultimately responsible for the Spanish Civil War and the rise of autocracy in Spain. Moa maintains that they have left a legacy of "moral, political and intellectual devastation", accuses the left of hypocrisy in regards to democracy and totalitarianism and claims that the material aid provided by Stalin and the Soviet Union to the Spanish Republic in the Civil War not only prolonged the war and caused innumerable deaths but also was equivalent to the help provided by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy to General Franco.
The polemical nature of Moa's writings have gained him much public attention in Spain and a measure of controversy as a result. His best-selling book, Myths of the Civil War, with 150,000 units sold, was a best-seller for six consecutive months.
Biography
Early years as radical
Born during 1948 in Vigo, Galicia, Spain. During his youth, Moa was a radical anti-Francoist agitator. He was a militant of the Communist Party of Spain (and its reconstituted version), as well as the clandestine Maoist terrorist-designated organisation GRAPO. It was involved in violent clashes with the government's Movimiento Nacional. Moa was present at the murder of a policeman on 1 October 1975 after the execution of two ETA and three FRAP members. Two other members of GRAPO, Enrique Cerdán Calixto and Abelardo Collazo Araújo, were also present. Cerdán shot the police officer. Moa was expelled from GRAPO in 1977 and later recalled this period of his life in About Time and a Country: The Violent Left. After the transition of Spanish transition to democracy, Moa dedicated himself to the study of contemporary Spanish history and evolved over time to a Francoist position.
Intellectual evolution and writing
His opinions increasingly changed towards conservative positions. He is an outspoken critic of the Spanish political left, which he accuses of being the main cause of the Spanish Civil War.
He has also written essays on feminism, Marxism, current Spanish politics and an autobiographical book about his experiences in the terrorist group GRAPO. In his books, he strongly criticises Franco's communist, socialist and nationalist rivals.
Moa is rejected as a "pseudo-historian" by several historians,. While disagreeing with some of Moa's theses, the historian Stanley G. Payne has praised his work.
He believed in a conspiracy theory on the authorship of the 11-M Madrid train bombings in 2004.
He has been accused of homophobia by civil rights groups and of being a defender of the Franco's regime. In an interview in 2008 he openly refused to condemn Franco's regime. However, he declares in his books that he does not defend the dictatorship but rather criticizes his rivals.
He was the editor of the historical journals Tanteos (1988–1990) and Ayeres (1991–1993) and a librarian at the Ateneo de Madrid, a prestigious cultural and literary institute in Madrid and was on its board of directors for three years.
He currently writes for online newspapers such as Libertad Digital .
Publications
Los orígenes de la guerra civil española (The origins of the Spanish Civil War)
Los personajes de la República vistos por ellos mismos (The characters of the [Spanish second] republic as viewed by themselves)
El derrumbe de la segunda república y la guerra civil (The collapse of the second republic and the civil war)
Una historia chocante – Los nacionalismos vasco y catalán en la historia contemporánea de España (A shocking history – Basque and Catalan nacionalism within the contemporary history of Spain)
Los mitos de la Guerra Civil (Myths of the Civil War)
La sociedad homosexual y otros ensayos (Homosexual society and other essays)
Años de hierro. España en la posguerra. 1939–1945" (Iron years, Post-war Spain 1939–1945)
De un tiempo y de un país, La izquierda violenta (1968–1978) (About a time and a country. The violent left 1968–1978)
Franco – un balance histórico (Franco – a historical assessment)
Franco para antifranquistas (Franco for antifrancoist)
1934: comienza la guerra civil (1934: civil war begins)
1936: el asalto final a la república (1936: final assault on the republic)
Los crímenes de la guerra civil y otras polémicas (The crimes of the civil war and other controversies)
Nueva Historia de España (New History of Spain) |
3770093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Sabina%20%28band%29 | Santa Sabina (band) | Santa Sabina is a Mexican rock band originally from Mexico City. The group was formed in 1989 by singer Rita Guerrero, bassist Alfonso "Poncho" Figueroa, guitarist Pablo Valero and keyboardist Jacobo Lieberman. Juan Sebastian Lach was keyboardist for a while. The name of the group honors the memory of Maria Sabina, the Mazatec shaman who lived in the southern state of Oaxaca.
Santa Sabina are distinguished by their gothic rock and darkwave atmospheres, lyrics and stage presence. Their music, however, is perhaps best described as a variant of progressive rock which borrows heavily from jazz.
History
At the end of the 1980s, Guerrero left her hometown of Guadalajara to attend the National Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City to pursue a career in theatre. There, she met Poncho Figueroa, Pablo Valero and Jacobo Lieberman, who at that time were members of a jazz group called "the Psicotrópicos". "The Psicotrópicos" agreed to provide music for a play written for Guerrero's theatre class based on Franz Kafka's "Amérika". As they worked together, they realized they had a strong artistic affinity. After the dissolution of the "Psicotrópicos", they decided to form a new rock band that reflected their artistic vision. Although the group's lineup has changed through the years (as in the case of Pablo Valero and Jacobo Lieberman), the sound of the group, has evolved but remains faithful to its initial course.
Juan Sebastian Lach was the group's keyboard player on all its albums up through "Mar Adentro En La Sangre". Rather than replace him, the group instead invited cellist Leonel Perez and saxophone player Rodrigo Garibay to join. For its 15th Anniversary tour, Aldo Max replaced Garibay on saxophone. Guitarist Alex Otaola replaced Pablo Valero prior to the "Concierto Acustico" album. Drummer Patricio Iglesias left the band prior to "Mar Adentro En La Sangre". Julio Diaz was the group's drummer after Iglesias.
Discography
Live albums
Concierto Acústico (1994)
MTV Unplugged (1997)
XV Aniversario En Vivo (2005)
Their first albums, Santa Sabina (1992), Símbolos (1994, produced by Adrian Belew) and Babel (1996) were released through the now-defunct Mexican record label Culebra Records, a local branch of BMG Ariola. Their following albums, Mar adentro en la sangre (2001) and Espiral (2003), were independent productions. In 1997, they also recorded an album of their "unplugged" performance for MTV Latinoamerica called Santa Sabina Unplugged. In early 2006, the group released a double live album "XV Aniversario" which also included a DVD. After that, the group went on indefinite hiatus.
Many members of the group have remained active in music.
Rita Guerrero and Leonel Perez performed as part of Ensamble Galileo. This acoustic chamber group specializes in Renaissance-era music.
Poncho Figueroa organized and produced a tribute album to Mexican rock music pioneer Rodrigo "Rockdrigo" Gonzalez. He has also been performing in a trio called Los Jaiguey, along with brothers Gustavo and Ricardo Jacob, who released their first album in November 2009 and in March 2013 released their second album entitled Haciendo Tiempo (Doing Time).
Alex Otaola performed with La Barranca from 1998 to 2007 and has also been active as a guest guitarist on numerous projects. His solo album "Fractales" was released in September 2007.
Patricio Iglesias was absent from the music scene for almost 8 years due to various health problems. The band participated in a benefit concert on his behalf in 2005. However, he apparently made a full recovery, and in 2006 he appeared on the Cafe Tacuba triple live album and DVD, and he also played on Otaola's "Fractales" album.
Julio Diaz performed with Jorge "Ziggy" Fratta and others as well as performing concerts with his own group.
Juan Sebastian Lach moved to Europe and studied for a doctorate in cognitive musicology. He continued to write music, often with microtonal applications that involved either chamber groups or players and computers.
Death of Rita Guerrero
Rita Guerrero, lead singer of the band, died on March 11, 2011, due to breast cancer, which was diagnosed in January, 2010. She had undergone chemotherapy, and as it was unsuccessful tried various treatments of alternative medicine. She was 47 at the time of her death. |
43371667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozerlag | Ozerlag | Ozerlag (Озерлаг) was an MVD special camp (osoblag No. 7, osoby lager No. 7) in the Soviet GULAG labor camp system for political prisoners. It was established in 1948 near Taishet and included a chain of camp sites (lagernye punkty) along the Baikal-Amur Mainline branches constructed by the inmates, up to Bratsk and later further to Ust-Kut.
Notable detainees
Leo Bauer (1912–1972), German political activist and journalist
(born 1949), French historian
(1890–?), Estonian military commander
Jazep Hermanovich (1890–1978), Belarusian Greek Catholic priest and poet
Oleksander Hrekov (1875–1958), Ukrainian military commander
Mikhail Kalik (1927–2017), Soviet and Israeli film director and screenwriter
(1902–1997), Estonian military commander
(1926–2013), Slovak political prisoner
Victor Krasin (1929–2017), Russian human rights activist and economist
Yuriy Lytvyn (1934–1984), Ukrainian lyrical and prose writer, journalist and human rights activist
Hugo Pärtelpoeg (1899–1951), Estonian lawyer and politician
Algirdas Petrusevičius (born 1937), Lithuanian anti-Soviet dissident
Viktoras Petkus (1928–2012), Lithuanian political activist
Hugo Raudsepp (1883–1952), Estonian playwright and politician
Lidia Ruslanova (1900–1973), Russian folk singer
Iryna Senyk (1926–2009), Ukrainian poet and nurse
(1911–1955), Soviet draughts player
Adam Stankievič (1882–1949), Belarusian Roman Catholic priest, politician and writer
Manfred Stern (1896–1954), Soviet spy
Andrei Tsikota (189–1952), Belarusian Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic priest
(1892–1960), Estonian Lutheran clergyman
Maya Ulanovskaya (1932–2020), American-born Russian-Israeli writer and translator
Nina Virchenko (born 1930), Ukrainian mathematician, academic and author
Hava Volovich (1916–2000), Ukrainian writer, actress, puppet theater director
Sergey Voytsekhovsky (1883–1951), Imperial Russian, White movement and Czechoslovak military commander |
24504713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defunctionalization | Defunctionalization | In programming languages, defunctionalization is a compile-time transformation which eliminates higher-order functions, replacing them by a single first-order apply function. The technique was first described by John C. Reynolds in his 1972 paper, "Definitional Interpreters for Higher-Order Programming Languages". Reynolds' observation was that a given program contains only finitely many function abstractions, so that each can be assigned and replaced by a unique identifier. Every function application within the program is then replaced by a call to the apply function with the function identifier as the first argument. The apply function's only job is to dispatch on this first argument, and then perform the instructions denoted by the function identifier on the remaining arguments.
One complication to this basic idea is that function abstractions may reference free variables. In such situations, defunctionalization must be preceded by closure conversion (lambda lifting), so that any free variables of a function abstraction are passed as extra arguments to apply. In addition, if closures are supported as first-class values, it becomes necessary to represent these captured bindings by creating data structures.
Instead of having a single apply function dispatch on all function abstractions in a program, various kinds of control flow analysis (including simple distinctions based on arity or type signature) can be employed to determine which function(s) may be called at each function application site, and a specialized apply function may be referenced instead. Alternatively, the target language may support indirect calls through function pointers, which may be more efficient and extensible than a dispatch-based approach.
Besides its use as a compilation technique for higher-order functional languages, defunctionalization has been studied (particularly by Olivier Danvy and collaborators) as a way of mechanically transforming interpreters into abstract machines. Defunctionalization is also related to the technique from object-oriented programming of representing functions by function objects (as an alternative to closures).
Example
This is an example given by Olivier Danvy, translated to Haskell:
Given the Tree datatype:
data Tree a = Leaf a
| Node (Tree a) (Tree a)
We will defunctionalize the following program:
cons :: a -> [a] -> [a]
cons x xs = x : xs
o :: (b -> c) -> (a -> b) -> a -> c
o f g x = f (g x)
flatten :: Tree t -> [t]
flatten t = walk t []
walk :: Tree t -> [t] -> [t]
walk (Leaf x) = cons x
walk (Node t1 t2) = o (walk t1) (walk t2)
We defunctionalize by replacing all higher-order functions (in this case, o is the only higher-order function) with a value of the Lam datatype, and instead of calling them directly, we introduce an apply function that interprets the datatype:
data Lam a = LamCons a
| LamO (Lam a) (Lam a)
apply :: Lam a -> [a] -> [a]
apply (LamCons x) xs = x : xs
apply (LamO f1 f2) xs = apply f1 (apply f2 xs)
cons_def :: a -> Lam a
cons_def x = LamCons x
o_def :: Lam a -> Lam a -> Lam a
o_def f1 f2 = LamO f1 f2
flatten_def :: Tree t -> [t]
flatten_def t = apply (walk_def t) []
walk_def :: Tree t -> Lam t
walk_def (Leaf x) = cons_def x
walk_def (Node t1 t2) = o_def (walk_def t1) (walk_def t2) |
28847737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonalds%20Mill%2C%20Virginia | McDonalds Mill, Virginia | McDonalds Mill is an unincorporated community in the northeastern section of Montgomery County, Virginia. Located approximately 10 miles east of Blacksburg, Virginia along State Route 785, McDonalds Mill lies at the floor of the Catawba Valley and is bound on the south by Paris Mountain and to the north by Gallion Ridge.
History
A post office called McDonalds Mills operated from 1847 until 1913. George McDonald operated a mill there, hence the name. |
3365023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensions%20to%20the%20International%20Phonetic%20Alphabet | Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet | The Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for Disordered Speech, commonly abbreviated extIPA , are a set of letters and diacritics devised by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association to augment the International Phonetic Alphabet for the phonetic transcription of disordered speech. Some of the symbols are used for transcribing features of normal speech in IPA transcription, and are accepted as such by the International Phonetic Association.
Many sounds found only in disordered speech are indicated with diacritics, though an increasing number of dedicated letters are used as well. Special letters are included to transcribe the speech of people with lisps and cleft palates. The extIPA repeats several standard-IPA diacritics that are unfamiliar to most people but transcribe features that are common in disordered speech. These include preaspiration , linguolabial , laminal fricatives , and for a sound (segment or feature) with no available symbol (letter or diacritic). The novel transcription is used for an English molar-r, as opposed to for an apical r; these articulations are indistinguishable in sound and so are rarely identified in non-disordered speech.
Sounds restricted to disordered speech include velopharyngeals, nasal fricatives (a.k.a. nareal fricatives) and some of the percussive consonants. Sounds sometimes found in the world's languages that do not have symbols in the basic IPA include denasals, the sublaminal percussive, post-alveolar lateral fricatives, and fricatives that are simultaneously lateral and sibilant.
ExtIPA was revised and expanded in 2015; the new symbols were added to Unicode in 2021.
Letters
The non-IPA letters found in the extIPA are listed in the following table. VoQS letters may also be used, as in for a buccal interdental trill (a raspberry).
Several letters and superscript forms were added to Unicode 14 and 15. They are included in the free Gentium Plus and Andika fonts as of version 6.2 from February 2023.
Diacritics
The extIPA has widened the use of some of the regular IPA symbols, such as for pre-aspiration and for uvularization, and has added some new ones. Some of these extIPA diacritics are occasionally used for non-disordered speech, for example for the unusual airstream mechanisms of Damin.
One modification of regular IPA is the use of parentheses around the phonation diacritics to indicate partial phonation; a single parenthesis at the left or right of the voicing indicates that it is partially phonated at the beginning or end of the segment. These conventions may be convenient for representing various voice onset times. Phonation diacritics may also be prefixed or suffixed to represent relative timing beyond the segment (pre- and post-voicing etc.). The following are examples; in principle, any IPA or extIPA diacritic may be parenthesized or displaced in this manner.
The transcriptions for partial voicing and devoicing may be used in either the sense of degrees of voicing or in the sense that the voicing is discontinuous. For the former, both parentheses indicate the sound is mildly (partially) voiced throughout, and single parentheses mean a partial degree of voicing at the beginning or end of the sound.
For the latter, both parentheses mean the sound is (de)voiced in the middle, while the single parentheses mean complete (de)voicing at the beginning or end of the sound. The implication is that such voicing or devoicing is atypical of the language being spoken. For example, would be used for the usual devoicing or partial devoicing of the language, while would indicate that the transcriber found the devoicing to be atypical, as in pathological speech. Similarly, would indicate atypical devoicing at the beginning of the segment.
Altering the position of a diacritic relative to the letter indicates that the phonation begins before the consonant or vowel does or continues beyond it. The voiceless ring and other phonation diacritics can be used in the same way if needed. For example, indicates that voicelessness continues past the , equivalent to .
Other extIPA diacritics are:
Diacritics may be placed within parentheses as the voicing diacritics are above. For example, indicates a partially denasalized .
Any IPA letter may be used in superscript form as a diacritic, to indicate the onset, release or 'flavor' of another letter. In extIPA, this is provided specifically for the fricative release of a plosive. For example, is with a lateral-fricative release (similar to the velar lateral affricate , but with less frication); is with lateral-plus-central release. Combining diacritics can be added to superscript diacritics, such as for with bidental aspiration.
The VoQS (voice-quality symbols) take IPA and extIPA diacritics, as well as several additional diacritics that are potentially available for extIPA transcription. The subscript dot for 'whisper' is sometimes found in IPA transcription, though in IPA the diacritic has also been used for apical-retroflex articulation.
Prosodic notation and indeterminate sounds
The Extended IPA has adopted bracket notation from conventions transcribing discourse. Parentheses are used to indicate mouthing (silent articulation), as in the common silent sign to hush . Parentheses are also used to indicate silent pauses, for example (...); the length of the pause may be indicated, as in (2.3 sec). A very short (.) may be used to indicate an absence of co-articulation between adjacent segments, for instance rather than .
Double parentheses indicate that transcription is uncertain because of extraneous noise or speech, as when one person talks over another. As much detail as possible may be included, as in ⸨2 syll.⸩ or ⸨2σ⸩ for two obscured syllables. This is also IPA usage. Sometimes the obscuring noise will be indicated instead, as in ⸨cough⸩ or ⸨knock⸩, as in the illustrative transcription below; this notation may be used for extraneous noise that does not obscure speech, but which the transcriber nonetheless wishes to notate (e.g. because someone says 'excuse me' after coughing, or verbally responds to the knock on the door, and the noise is thus required to understand the speech).
In the extIPA, indistinguishable/unidentifiable sounds are circled rather than placed in single parentheses as in IPA. An empty circle, ◯, is used for an indeterminate segment, ◯ σ an indeterminate syllable, Ⓒ a segment identifiable only as a consonant, etc. Full capital letters, such as C in Ⓒ, are used as wild-cards for certain categories of sounds, and may combine with IPA and extIPA diacritics. For example, ◯ indicates an undetermined or indeterminate voiceless plosive. Regular IPA and extIPA letters may also be circled to indicate that their identification is uncertain. For example, ⓚ indicates that the segment is judged to probably be . At least in handwriting, the circle may be elongated into an oval for longer strings of symbols, and this was illustrated in the 1997 edition of the chart, where the circle was typeset as ( ̲̅) and longer strings as e.g. (a̲̅a̲̅a̲̅).
Curly brackets with Italian musical terms are used for phonation and prosodic notation, such as and terms for the tempo and dynamics of connected speech. These are subscripted within a {curly brace} notation to indicate that they are comments on the intervening text. The VoQS conventions use similar notation for voice quality. These may be combined, for example with VoQS for 'falsetto':
{allegro I {F {𝆏 didn't 𝆏} know that F} allegro}
or
Chart
Three rows appear in the extIPA chart that do not occur in the IPA chart: "fricative lateral + median" (simultaneous grooved and lateral frication), "fricative nasal" (a.k.a. nareal fricative) and "percussive". A denasal row is added here. Several new columns appear as well, though the linguolabial column is the result of a standard-IPA diacritic. Dorso-velar and velo-dorsal are combined here, as are upper and lower alveolar.
Superscript variants
The customary use of superscript IPA letters is formalized in the extIPA, specifically for fricative releases of plosives, as can be seen in the lower-left of the full chart.
Speech pathologists also often use superscripting to indicate that a target sound has not been reached – for example, for an instance of the word 'chicken' where the is incompletely articulated. However, due to the ambiguous meaning of superscripting in the IPA, this is not a convention supported by the ICPLA. An unambiguous transcription would mark the consonant more specifically as weakened () or silent ().
Sample text
A sample transcription of a written text read aloud, using extIPA and Voice Quality Symbols:
Original text: "The World Cup Finals of 1982 are held in Spain this year. They will involve the top nations of the World in a tournament lasting over four weeks, held at fourteen different centers in Spain. All of the first-round games will be in the provincial towns with the semi-finals, and finals held in Barcelona and Madrid." |
44529598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len%20Newcombe | Len Newcombe | Bernard John Newcombe (28 February 1931 – March 1996) was a Welsh professional footballer who played in the Football League for Brentford and Fulham as an outside forward. He later returned to Fulham as a scout.
Club career
Fulham
Newcombe was spotted playing youth football in Wales by former Fulham goalkeeper Ossie Evans, who recommended the young outside forward to his former club. Newcombe transferred to the Second Division club in 1947. He joined high-flying Kent League First Division club Margate on loan in January 1948, but made just one appearance during his spell.
By the time Newcombe made his professional debut in a 1–0 defeat to Burnley on the final day of the 1950–51 season, the Cottagers were members of the First Division. He was always on the fringes of the first team at Craven Cottage and left the club in April 1956, having made 23 appearances and scored three goals.
Brentford
In April 1956, Newcombe transferred to Third Division South club Brentford and played in the final three games of the 1955–56 season. He established himself in the team in the 1956–57 season, making 46 appearances and he was a regular again the following year. Newcombe's professional career was effectively ended by a broken collarbone suffered in a match versus Torquay United in April 1958. Brentford were forced to play the rest of the match with 10 men and the resulting 1–0 defeat saw the Bees finish as runners-up in the Third Division South and miss out on promotion to the Second Division.
Newcombe made just one appearance during the 1958–59 season and departed the club at the end of the campaign. He made 89 appearances and scored eight goals during three years at Griffin Park.
Non-League football
Newcombe ended his career with spells at Southern League clubs Guildford City and Sittingbourne.
Career statistics |
8602027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stages%20Repertory%20Theatre | Stages Repertory Theatre | Stages (Houston) is a theatre company in the city of Houston, Texas formerly known as Stages Repertory Theatre. It produces performances at The Gordy, the company's three-stage venue that opened in 2020 in Houston's Montrose neighborhood. The Houston Chronicle calls it "the equivalent of off-Broadway in Houston".
History
Stages was founded in 1978 by Founding Artistic Director Ted Swindley in the basement of a downtown Houston brewery with a mission to "produce new work, interpret established work in new ways, and nurture talent to invigorate culture for the good of the community." Ted Swindley's vision brought success to the new theater company with a combination of long running Off Broadway hits such as "Bent" and "Sister Mary Ignatius Explains It All for You" as well as cutting edge productions of classic works such as Sartre's "No Exit" and Shakespeare's "Taming of The Shrew" presented on roller skates as an homage to underground Houston's Urban Animals. Oscar Wilde's "The Importance of Being Earnest" was SRO with two gender-bending productions performed on alternate nights. Ted's creative leadership also brought theater notables such as playwrights Jules Feiffer, Marsha Norman and Jack Heifner to Houston for World Premieres of their plays. Both the Texas Playwrights Festival and The Susan Smith Blackburn Women's Playwright Festival were conceived and launched by Ted Swindley. Stages quickly became an integral part of the Houston theater community. In 1985, Stages moved to the former Star Engraving building at 3201 Allen Parkway, which was designated a local historic landmark in 1986 through the efforts of board member Mimi Kilgore.
Stages today
Stages is a professional Equity theater and has won national recognition for its work as Houston's "maverick" theatre, including coverage in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Variety, Vogue and American Theatre magazine. Productions at Stages are created and produced by a team of artists, performers and craftspeople largely from the Houston area, sometimes in collaboration with guest artists from around the world.
In addition, Stages introduces young audiences to live theater through its EarlyStages series. Each year, thousands of local children experience dramatic interpretations of classic folktales, stories from diverse world cultures, along with plays and musicals commissioned especially for EarlyStages.
Its current Artistic Director is Kenn McLaughlin. |
70948438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpox%20in%20the%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo | Mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo | Mpox is endemic in western and central Africa, with the majority of cases occurring in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where the disease is reportable. There, the more virulent Congo basin virus type has been affecting some of the world's poorest and socially excluded communities.
Many cases occur sporadically or in small clusters, but large outbreaks also occur.
Early cases
The world's first case of human mpox was detected in a nine-month old child in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Zaire), two years after it reported its last case of smallpox. The onset of their rash was on 24 August. That year, the disease was identified in another four children, including three in Liberia who were playmates. At the time, evidence of the virus was found in non-human primates in Liberia and Sierre Leone.
Active surveillance by the World Health Organization (WHO) between 1981 and 1986, identified 338 cases with a human-to-human transmission rate of 28%. Until 1986, 95% of cases worldwide were identified in the DRC. Cases were rare in people over the age of 15-years, and over two-thirds of infections could be traced to animal contact within the rainforests. Initially it was uncommon for a family member to contract the infection unless they did not have a smallpox scar.
1996 reemergence
A reemergence of the disease in the DRC in 1996 also saw a large number of reported but not all laboratory confirmed cases, with a high transmission rate and lower fatality rate; leading experts to believe a significant number may have actually been chicken pox. Some likely had both mpox and chickenpox at the same time. The DRC's Kasaï-Oriental region saw the largest number of cases during 1996-1997.
Between 1996 and 2005, mpox cases appeared increasingly in gradually older people, with less than a quarter of cases being traced to rainforest animal contact, and with greater close contact infections. Between January 2001 and December 2004, 2,734 cases of suspected human mpox were reported from the DRC. However, civil war limited surveillance and only 171 clinical specimens were obtained from 136 suspected cases; less than 5% of all reported cases.
2005 onwards
After 2005, the DRC was reporting more than 1000 suspected cases per year. Between November 2005 and November 2007, 760 laboratory-confirmed human mpox cases were detected; particularly in people living in forested areas, males, age less than 15-years, and no previous smallpox vaccination.
Many cases occur sporadically or in small clusters, but large outbreaks also occur. The risk of human-to-human transmission within households in the DRC was noted to range from 50% to 100% during the 2013 outbreak. The DRC's Bokungu Health Zone saw an increase in cases of 600-fold that year. In 2019 the DRC reported 3,794 suspected cases and 73 deaths. In the first nine-months of 2020, it reported over 4,500 suspected cases of mpox, including 171 deaths.
Mpox is reportable in the DRC, where the disease is endemic, and disease burden remains high. There, the more virulent Congo basin virus type has been affecting some of the world's poorest and socially excluded communities. A regional surveillance system collects reports of all suspected mpox cases, and where possible, they may be investigated. |
51427304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs%20Parejo | Jesús Parejo | Jesús Parejo (born 10 March 1981) is a Venezuelan former track and field athlete who competes in the shot put and discus throw. He holds personal bests of and for those events. His greatest achievements were a discus silver medal at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games and bronze medals at the 2011 South American Championships in Athletics and 2008 Central American and Caribbean Championships in Athletics.
He also represented his country at the 2011 Pan American Games, 2011 Military World Games, and the 2014 South American Games, and was a three-time participant at the Ibero-American Championships in Athletics. He was a medallist at three straight editions of both the Bolivarian Games and ALBA Games.
A five-time national champion, he was Venezuela's top discus thrower from around 2005 to 2014, following on from Héctor Hurtado.
Personal bests
Shot put – (2011)
Discus throw – (2008)
Hammer throw – (2005)
All information from All-Athletics profile.
International competitions |
58321055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Waterman | Dave Waterman | David Graham Waterman (born 16 May 1977) is a former footballer who played professionally as a defender and midfielder for Portsmouth and Oxford United.
Born in Guernsey, he represented Northern Ireland at youth International level.
Club career
Waterman began to play youth football his native Guernsey at the age of five, playing for Belgrave Wanderers before switching to Northerners three years later. Following being spotted by Portsmouth scout Dave Hurst on a trip to England, Waterman joined Portsmouth as a trainee in 1993.
On 25 August 1996, Waterman made his professional debut for Portsmouth as a substitute in a 1–0 loss against Ipswich Town. Waterman made 88 appearances in all competitions for Portsmouth.
On 28 March 2002, Waterman signed for Oxford United. On 22 October 2002, Waterman scored his first goal in professional football in a 3–2 away loss to Bournemouth in the Football League Trophy.
In July 2004, Waterman signed for non-league club Weymouth. In January 2006, Waterman left the club.
Waterman finished his career playing at south-coast clubs Gosport Borough and Bognor Regis Town.
International career
Waterman played 14 times for Northern Ireland U21, for whom he qualified for through his mother. |
31077525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eivinn%20Berg | Eivinn Berg | Eivinn Berg (31 July 1931 – 23 September 2013) was a Norwegian diplomat and politician for the Conservative Party.
He was born in Sandefjord, and took the siv.øk. degree at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration. He enrolled there in 1953, and was hired in the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1956. From 1963 he served in the Norwegian delegation to GATT and EFTA in Geneva, then as a head of department in the EFTA Secretariat. From 1970 he was an embassy counsellor in Brussels, and negotiated the Norwegian membership in the European Economic Community. However, the membership was stopped in a 1972 referendum in Norway, and Berg left the foreign service. He was the director of the Norwegian Shipowners' Association from 1973 to 1978.
He returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as sub-director, and was promoted to deputy under-secretary of state. From 1981 to 1984 he served as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a part of Willoch's First Cabinet. From 1984 to 1988 he was the Norwegian ambassador to NATO, and from 1988 to 1996 he was the Norwegian ambassador to the European Union. His time here was spent in negotiations; first from 1989 to 1993 negotiating the European Economic Area and from 1993 to 1994 negotiating a possible EU membership. This too was botched after a 1994 referendum. He also negotiated the conditions for the Schengen Area.
In 1996 Berg left the foreign service for good, and became an adviser for corporations such as Statoil, Norske Skog and Statkraft. He was an adviser ahead of the accession of Slovenia to the European Union. He was decorated with the Belgian Order of the Crown (1974), the Order of Prince Henry (1980, Commander), the Orden del Mérito Civil (1982, Grand Cross), the Order of the Lion of Finland (1983), the Ordre national du Mérite (1984, Officier) and the Order of St. Olav (1987, Commander).
His Norwegian residency was at Haslum, later at Ullernåsen. He died in a car accident in Stokke in September 2013. |