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If a man is speaking to the woman inside ikea at a cash register, she cannot be getting into her car at the same time
| No | esnli | Consider the staetement "A man in an orange jacket speaks to a woman at a cash register at Ikea.". Based on this statement, is "The woman is getting into her car." a true statement? Yes/no/unknown |
Just because a man with a jackhammer demolishing cement, one can't assume he is using it on the sidewalk.
| I don't know | esnli | Given the statement "A man with a jackhammer demolishing cement", is the statement "A man is using a jackhammer on the sidewalk" is true?
- Yes
- No
- I don't know |
Although the man is standing on a platform, it might not be a stage. He is performing an unknown task, we cannot assume he is getting ready to sing.
| Unknown | esnli | Given the statement "A man in a blue-plaid shirt and white hat, backdropped by a stone wall performs an unknown task while standing atop a platform.", is the statement "The man is getting ready to sing." wrong?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown |
The construction worker can't be repairing a stove, that's not his job. The worker is not standing on a wooden floor, he's standing on metal piping.
| No | esnli | Consider the statement "A construction worker in a blue hard hat does work while standing on metal piping.". Based on this "A worker is standing on a wood floor and repairing a stove." a true statement? Yes, no, or I don't know? |
Louise has 20 red pencils * 2 = 40 blue pencils.
She therefore has 20 red pencils + 40 blue pencils = 60 green pencils.
In total, she has 20 red pencils + 40 blue pencils + 60 green pencils + 40 yellow pencils = 160 pencils.
As each box holds 20 pencils, she needs 160 pencils / 20 pencils/box = 8 boxes. | 8 | gsm8k | Louise is organizing her pencils, and decides she wants her boxes arranged by color. Each box holds 20 pencils each. She has 20 red pencils, twice as many blue pencils, 40 yellow pencils, and has as many green pencils as she has red and blue pencils combined. How many boxes does Louise need? |
Predators play an important role in an ecosystem. For example, if they did not exist, then a single species could become dominant over others. Grazers on a grassland keep grass from growing out of control. Predators can be keystone species . These are species that can have a large effect on the balance of organisms in an ecosystem. For example, if all of the wolves are removed from a population, then the population of deer or rabbits may increase. If there are too many deer, then they may decrease the amount of plants or grasses in the ecosystem. Decreased levels of producers may then have a detrimental effect on the whole ecosystem. In this example, the wolves would be a keystone species. | Decrease | ropes | Consider the following text:
Mike is studying the predator prey relationship. He is specifically studying three species, species A, species B, and species C. Species A is a predator; species B is the prey; and species C is a plant species that species B lives on. Mike now needs to figure out how the predator prey relationship balance the ecosystem.
If species A population decrease, would species C population increase or decrease? |
A dog could be playing fetch with its master in a park or another location, not just by the river and the reason the dog is wet.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: "a black dog is standing on a step next to a river as it shakes itself dry."
Hypothesis: The dog was playing fetch with it's master.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
The women are holding cards, subject of second sentence is people not women. They are skiing vs holding cards. Location is downhill vs street
| False | esnli | Context: "Two women holding cards are promoting a business in the street."
Hypothesis: People are skiing downhill.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
The baristas at Starbucks are often very rushed and overwhelmed which can lead to them making mistakes with orders | Yes | FLUTE | Context: I ordered a medium latte, no sugar from starbucks and they completely got my order wrong
Hypothesis: I cannot believe how Starbucks could mess up my simple order of a medium latte with no sugar
Given this context, determine if the hypothesis is true (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
a group of men with a catch of fish are fishermen. If they happily survey the day's catch they are enjoying their catch.
| Yes | esnli | Given the statement "A group of men happily survey the day's catch of fish.", what is the statement "The fishermen enjoy their catch." true?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown |
Another major cause of extinction is global warming , which is also known as global climate change. During the past century, the Earth's average temperature has risen by almost 1°C (about 1.3°F). You may not think that is significant, but to organisms that live in the wild and are constantly adapting to their environments, any climate change can be hazardous. Recall that burning fossil fuels releases gasses into the atmosphere that warm the Earth. Our increased use of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, is changing the Earth’s climate. Any long-term change in the climate can destroy the habitat of a species. Even a brief change in climate may be too stressful for an organism to survive. For example, if the seas increase in temperature, even briefly, it may be too warm for certain types of fish to reproduce. | Hank | ropes | Two students studied for the biology exam. Ken studied about global warming, while Hank studied about ice ages.
Based on the above, answer the following question:
Which student learned less about extinction? |
A martial arts competitor spinning through the air is not necessarily ready to deliver the final blow.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: A man in white spins through the air during a martial arts competition, as spectators look on.
Hypothesis: A man is getting ready to deliver the final blow.
Is the hypothesis incorrect? (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
For the dog to be catching the ball (as opposed to picking it up or fetching it), the ball has to be in flight. Since the dog has to jump up in the air to catch the ball, we can assume that the ball is at a height considerably greater than the height of the dog's mouth (the thing a dog uses to catch things); the most likely reason for a ball to be flying through the air at this height is that it was thrown.
| Yes | esnli | Consider the statement "The big black dog is jumping up in the air to catch a ball.". Based on this "a big black dog catching a ball that is thrown" a true statement? Yes, no, or I don't know? |
"The kid rides his skateboard at night" is a less detailed restatement of "At night, a kid in a white shirt rides the rails on his skateboard."
| Yes | esnli | Consider the statement "At night, a kid in a white shirt rides the rails on his skateboard.". Based on this "The kid rides his skateboard at night." a true statement? Yes, no, or I don't know? |
The woman can only be in one place at a time, either in the streets of a city or the doctors office.
| No | esnli | Consider the statement "A woman wearing shorts walks down the busy streets of a city.". Based on this "The woman in the sports bra is in the doctors office." a true statement? Yes, no, or I don't know? |
Just because a young man wearing a black hat and jacket is walking outside it does not mean he is on his way to burglarize a home.
| I don't know | esnli | Given the statement "A young man wearing a black hat and jacket is walking outside.", is the statement "A man was on his way to a burglarize a home." is true?
- Yes
- No
- I don't know |
Just because two boys are smiling and sitting next to an organized fruit cart that holds apples, grapes, plums, and various other fruits does not necessarily mean that they just ate apples.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: "Two young boys are smiling while sitting next to an organized fruit cart that holds apples, grapes, plums, and various other fruits."
Hypothesis: The boys just ate apples.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
If drummers dressed as civil war soldiers play in the background, then there are soldiers in the background.
| No | esnli | Consider the statement "School band members enact a scene on the football field while drummers dressed a Civil War soldiers play in the background.". Is the statement "band members enact a scene with soldiers in the background." false? Yes/no/unknown |
Plug-in hybrids run for a longer time on electricity and so are less polluting than regular hybrids. | (b) | quartz | Do electric cars pollute more or less than gas cars?
(a) more
(b) less |
Projectile vomiting is often a disgusting act and it would be rare to find someone who found it visually appealing. | No | FLUTE | Given the statement "I saw my friend projectile vomit on the rollercoaster.", what is the statement "It was visually a joy seeing my friend projectile vomit on the amusement park ride" true?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown |
A man in camouflaged shorts, and a white t-shirt shines, another man's black shoes on a sidewalk does not necessary that he operates a shoe shine station.
| Unknown | esnli | Given the statement "A man in camouflaged shorts, and a white t-shirt shines, another man's black shoes on a sidewalk.", is the statement "The man operates a shoe shine station." wrong?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown |
Electronic ear protectors work differently. They identify high-amplitude sound waves and send sound waves through them in the opposite direction. This causes destructive interference with the waves, which reduces their amplitude to zero or nearly zero. This changes even the loudest sounds to just a soft hiss. Sounds that people need to hear, such as the voices of co-workers, are not interfered with in this way and may be amplified instead so they can be heard more clearly. This type of hearing protector is recommended for higher noise levels and situations where it’s important to be able to hear lower-decibel sounds. | Ken | ropes | Consider the following text:
Ken and Jen are both attending an air show at a festival today. In each seat at the air show are a pair of electronic ear protectors. Ken puts his on prior to the show starting, but Jen forgets to wear hers and the show begins.
Whose sound waves are being interfered with? |
Faulting of rock in earth 's crust causes earthquakes.
Earthquakes earthquakes are very deadly.
Faulting of rock in earth's crust is very deadly. | [7] | qasc | what are the results of the faulting of rock in Earth's crust?
[1] graptolites
[2] Movement
[3] deltas
[4] to move people
[5] fossil fuels
[6] erosion
[7] very deadly
[8] friction |
Each radioactive isotope has a characteristic decay time period—the half-life—that is determined by the amount of time needed for half of a sample to decay. This is an exponential decay process that steadily decreases the proportion of the remaining isotope by 50% every half-life. Hence after two half-lives have passed only 25% of the isotope is present, and so forth. | Less | ropes | Context: David was working in his chemistry lab. He selected two isotopes, sample A and sample B. Sample A had longer half-life, but sample B had shorter half-life. After some time he checked sample A when its one half-life had passed. He noted it as sample A1. Then he came back to see it again when two half-lives had passed. He noted it as sample A2.
Question: Would sample A1 have less or more isotopes than sample A? |
Another thing we can see in this animation is that particles are constantly colliding with one another. One assumption that we make when talking about collisions between gas particles is that they are completely elastic collisions. In an elastic collision , momentum is conserved, which means that none of the kinetic energy of the colliding particles is lost in some other form (such as the emission of light). This makes sense, because if energy were lost in collisions, the speeds of the particles would gradually decrease over time, and eventually everything would condense down into a solid form. | Conserved | ropes | Dan is in his physics lab. He is experimenting with colliding particles. He has two samples of particles, sample A and sample B. Sample A contains gas particles, but sample B does not contain gas particles.
Would momenturm be conserved or not conserved in sample A? |
Almost all earthquakes occur at plate boundaries. All types of plate boundaries have earthquakes. Convection within the Earth causes the plates to move. As the plates move, stresses build. When the stresses build too much, the rocks break. The break releases the energy that was stored in the rocks. The sudden release of energy creates an earthquake. During an earthquake the rocks usually move several centimeters or rarely as much as a few meters. Elastic rebound theory describes how earthquakes occur ( Figure below ). | Mud | ropes | Context: Two islands were located in the Pacific Ocean. Woo island was frequently shaken by earthquakes, but Mud island had no such problems.
Question: Which island experienced less stress building because of plates moving? |
To scour something means to search through it thoroughly, while to skip through something means to move quickly or hurriedly without looking carefully. | False | FLUTE | Context: "They skipped through the job candidates."
Hypothesis: They scoured through the job candidates.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
Authors usually write the books that readers who attend book club meetings read. So, maybe it's a contradiction that the author is at a book club meeting.
| No | esnli | Consider the staetement "Man is excited to be at a book club meeting.". Based on this statement, is "the man is an author" a true statement? Yes/no/unknown |
In the first sentence it describes people gathering to watch performers. The second sentence goes into further detail about where and who they're watching: jugglers in the park.
| Unknown | esnli | Consider the staetement "People gather around to watch two outside performers.". Based on this statement, is "A group gathers to watch jugglers perform in the park." a true statement? Yes/no/unknown |
Just because the man is performing on the street does not mean there is going to be a crowd watching that performance.
| Unknown | esnli | Consider the statement "A man dressed in Victorian-era clothing plays a piano in the street.". Is the statement "A man is performing for a crowd." false? Yes/no/unknown |
Sentence 1 doesn't mention where the game of Jenga is being played so the location living room cannot be inferred from sentence 1.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: "a woman with glasses is playing Jenga" Claim: "A woman plays Jenga in the living room."
Considering the context, is the claim true, false, or unknown? |
Man dressed in snow-gear takes a leap into a snow-covered ravine need not be skiing in the Colorado mountains.
| I don't know | esnli | Context: A man dressed in snow-gear takes a leap into a snow-covered ravine.
Hypothesis: A guy is skiing in the Colorado mountains.
Given this context, is the hypothesis true (Yes/No/I don't know)? |
Streaming money means that we are putting a lot of money into education to make sure our children have the best possible education. | No | FLUTE | Context: Provide the best education possible for our children because we are putting money into it.
Hypothesis: We streamed money into the education of our children.
Is the hypothesis incorrect? (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
Burning a magazine is a waste and not appropriate; recycle instead. | (B) | senmaking | Pick which sentence is not logical.
(A) "after reading a magazine, we should recycle it"
(B) "after reading a magazine, we should burn it" |
Just because a brown dog is fetching a stick doesn't mean that other dogs are fetching a stick as well.
| I don't know | esnli | Given the statement "A brown dog is fetching a stick in a country setting.", is the statement "There are other dogs fetching a stick in a country setting." is true?
- Yes
- No
- I don't know |
Marine pollution is a generic term for the entry into the ocean of potentially hazardous chemicals or particles. The biggest culprits are rivers and with them many agriculture fertilizer chemicals as well as livestock and human waste. The excess of oxygen-depleting chemicals leads to hypoxia and the creation of a dead zone.Marine debris, which is also known as marine litter, describes human-created waste floating in a body of water. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter. | Bay | ropes | Context:
Bay city practiced organic farming and used almost no fertilizers. Gulf city practiced conventional farming for it inhabitants, and used vast quantities of fertilizers.
Q: Which city caused less hypoxia? |
A "man" refers to one person while "they" implies multiple people. The subject cannot be cutting a cake and eating at the same time. The subject is doing an action to a cake, not ham sandwiches.
| No | esnli | Consider the staetement "A man in a white shirt cutting a cake while coworkers watch.". Based on this statement, is "they are eating ham sandwiches" a true statement? Yes/no/unknown |
$37\div5=7R2$ $7+1=8$ | [5] | TAL-SCQ5K | One basket can contain no more than $5$ eggs. What is the smallest number of baskets needed to contain $37$ eggs?
[1] $$4$$
[2] $$5$$
[3] $$6$$
[4] $$7$$
[5] $$8$$ |
根据题意，$$F$$已经跟每个人都比赛过，包括$$G$$；同理，$$D$$，$$E$$也跟$$G$$比赛过，所以$$G$$比了$$3$$场 | $$3$$ | TAL-SCQ5K | \textbf{(2017 US Math League, Priamry 5, Question \#33)} $$A$$, $$B$$, $$C$$, $$D$$, $$E$$, $$F$$, and $$G$$ participated in a chess tournament. Each player must play each of his six opponents exactly once. So far, $$A$$ has played $$1$$ match. $$B$$ has played $$2$$ matches. $$C$$ has played $$3$$ matches. $$D$$ has played $$4$$ matches. $$E$$ has played $$5$$ matches and $$F$$ has played $$6$$ matches. How many matches has $$G$$ played at this point?（$\textasciitilde\textasciitilde\textasciitilde\textasciitilde\textasciitilde\textasciitilde$） 甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚一起参加象棋锦标赛，每一位选手必须要跟六个对手分别对赛一次．目前为止，甲比赛了一场，乙两场，丙三场，丁四场，戊五场，己六场，那么目前庚比赛了几场？（$\textasciitilde\textasciitilde\textasciitilde\textasciitilde\textasciitilde\textasciitilde$）
Options:
* $$1$$
* $$3$$
* $$5$$
* $$7$$ |
Two guys is different from a man and a child, also while the two guys are about to eat at a hotdog contest, the man and a child are at an outdoor restaurant.
| Yes | esnli | Context: A long-haired man and a child are at an outdoor restaurant.
Hypothesis: Two guys about to eat at a hotdog contest.
Is the hypothesis incorrect? (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
Since the 1990s, many regions have broken up the generation and distribution of electric power to provide a more competitive electricity market. While such markets can be abusively manipulated with consequent adverse price and reliability impact to consumers, generally competitive production of electrical energy leads to worthwhile improvements in efficiency. However, transmission and distribution are harder problems since returns on investment are not as easy to find. | No improvement | ropes | Sweden and Norway had taken two different approaches in dealing with their electric power suppliers. Sweden has broken up large companies into many smaller companies. But Norway kept the handful of large electric power suppliers they had intact, and didn't take initiative to increase their numbers.
Would Norway see improvement or no improvement in efficiency in electric power market? |
- Lightning produces electromagnetic radiation of a wide range
- Lightning occurs during lightning storms / thunderstorms
- Therefore, the lightning in the thunderstorms produces eletromagnetic radiation of a wide range
- The lightning in the thunderstorms produces eletromagnetic radiation of a wide range
- Electromagnetic radiation distorts the frequency of the radio waves
- Hence, the lightning in the thunderstorm will distort the frequency of the radio waves
Therefore, the lightning in the thunderstorm will distort the frequency of the radio waves | frequency will be distorted | entailment_bank | Question
A radio station broadcasting across a large area is experiencing thunderstorms. How will the radio waves from the station be affected?
Context
- Electromagnetic radiation distorts the frequency of the radio waves
- Lightning produces electromagnetic radiation of a wide range
- Lightning occurs during lightning storms / thunderstorms |
A flood is a natural disaster which often leaves people stranded and without any belongings and so it cannot be a great but rather an upsetting feeling when someone's possessions get ruined in one. | No | FLUTE | Given the statement "I am so upset I lost everything in a flood yesterday.", is the statement "I feel great that all my possessions got ruined in the flood yesterday" is true?
- Yes
- No
- I don't know |
There is only one boy wearing a dark blue jacket and it is the same boy who is holding a gold and white dog in his arms in sentence1.
| True | esnli | Context: "A young boy wearing a dark blue jacket and hat is holding a gold and white dog in his arms and kneeling by a metal fence in the snow." Claim: "A young boy is wearing a dark blue jacket."
Considering the context, is the claim true, false, or unknown? |
Sentence 1: A group of people in anime cosplay costumes. Sentence 2: A group of nerds playing together
| Unknown | esnli | Context: A group of people in anime cosplay costumes.
Hypothesis: A group of nerds playing together
Is the hypothesis incorrect? (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
A person taking photos in a park is just as likely to be taking pictures of the park scenery, etc. as they would to be taking pictures of the other two people who are with them at the park.
| I don't know | esnli | Consider the statement "Three people is just sitting in the park one is lying on the grass the other one is looking around and the other one is taking photos". Based on this "The person is taking a photo of the other two people." a true statement? Yes, no, or I don't know? |
The man dodging the bull is not necessarily a rodeo clown and he's not necessarily distracting the bull away from a rider.
| Unknown | esnli | Given the statement "Tall man slightly dodging a bull in the center of an arena while other people look on.", is the statement "A rodeo clown distracts a bull away from a bull rider." wrong?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown |
The minute hand is shorter then the hour hand. | 1 | senmaking | Which of the following two sentences does not make sense?
Options:
1) "the hour hand is longer than the minute hand"
2) "the hour hand is shorter than the minute hand" |
Just because a group of people are walking up a trail in a wooded area doe snot mean they are being guided.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: A group of people walking up a trail in a wooded area.
Hypothesis: The people are being guided.
Is the hypothesis incorrect? (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
A girl with a hat is climbing a playground wall is same as a girl with a hat is climbing a playground wall
| No | esnli | Consider the statement "A girl with a pink hat is climbing a playground wall.". Is the statement "A girl with a hat is climbing a playground wall." false? Yes/no/unknown |
The brown dog jumps up to catch the ball does not imply that female dog catches the ball that her master threw
| I don't know | esnli | Consider the statement "The brown dog jumps up to catch the ball.". Based on this "The brown female dog catches the ball that her master threw." a true statement? Yes, no, or I don't know? |
There are two people and two firemen. They stand in front of a truck which is shortened from firetruck.
| No | esnli | Consider the statement "Two firemen in gear standing in front of a firetruck with red light.". Is the statement "two people standing in front of a truck." false? Yes/no/unknown |
Newspapers contain other sections besides the classifieds. A seated person is not necessarily in a car.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: "A view into a window of a seated person reading a newspaper and an old-timey black car."
Hypothesis: A person reads the classifieds in a car.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
Looking at food, even for the homeless, does not imply eating food. He may be looking at his last meal wistfully, or he may be eating food, but it can't be both.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: "Homeless man wearing thick jacket looks at his food."
Hypothesis: A man wearing a jacket is eating food.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
Two completely different scenarios. The woman cannot be apart of the group of girls singing if she is posing in a grocery store.
| No | esnli | Context: A woman is posing in the isle of a grocery store.
Hypothesis: A group of girls singing.
Given this context, is the hypothesis true (Yes/No/I don't know)? |
Just because a woman wearing black with black hair is standing in front of a wall with writing in multiple languages does not mean she is reading different languages on a wall.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: A woman wearing black with black hair is standing in front of a wall with writing in multiple languages.
Hypothesis: A woman in a black dress reading different languages on a wall.
Given this context, determine if the hypothesis is true (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
A woman opening a gift does not imply she is sad. A room can be festively decorated without holding a party.
| I don't know | esnli | Consider the statement "A woman opens a gift while standing in a dining room that has been festively decorated: her face is obstructed by one of the decorations.". Based on this "A woman is sad at a party." a true statement? Yes, no, or I don't know? |
You can chat with friends on the telephone and watch TV. | b | senmaking | Which of the following sentences is nonsensical?
Options:
a: "if you want to chat with friends then you should get onto the computer"
b: "if you want to chat with friends then you should get onto the tv" |
Sand is typically found outdoors, at least in sufficient quantities for multiple people to stand in.
| True | esnli | Context: "A group of people are standing in the sand trying to hold a large pole."
Hypothesis: The people are outdoors.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
The jejunum is the second part of the small intestine, where most nutrients are absorbed into the blood. As shown in Figure below , the mucous membrane lining the jejunum is covered with millions of microscopic, fingerlike projections called villi (singular, villus). Villi contain many capillaries, and nutrients pass from the villi into the bloodstream through the capillaries. Because there are so many villi, they greatly increase the surface area for absorption. In fact, they make the inner surface of the small intestine as large as a tennis court! | Paul | ropes | Context: Paul and Dirk were studying the human digestive system. paul studied more about the stomach, while Dirk studied more about the jejunum.
Question: Which student read less about the part where most nutrients are absorbed into the blood? |
A man climbing a pole along side a yellow house is the same thing as a man climbing a pole near a yellow house.
| No | esnli | Context: A dark-haired man in jeans and a blue checkered shirt climbs a pole along side a yellow house and approaches a clay-tiled roof.
Hypothesis: A man is climbing a pole near a yellow house.
Is the hypothesis incorrect? (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
Lisa drinks 80*3=240 mg of caffeine in 3 cups of coffee.
She wanted to have 200, so she is 40 mg over her goal because 240-200 = 40mg. | 40 | gsm8k | There is 80 mg of caffeine in a cup of coffee. Lisa does not want to drink more than 200 mg of caffeine per day. If she drinks three cups of coffee, how many milligrams of coffee did Lisa drink over her goal? |
The relationship of the two is unknown. Not all young girls are trying to get better views of a concert while sitting on shoulders.
| Unknown | esnli | Given the statement "A young girl sits on a man's shoulders.", is the statement "A father holds up his daughter so she can get a better view of the concert from his shoulders." wrong?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown |
Sentence 1: One man wearing a striped shirt and sunglasses jumps in the air next to another man in a black graphic tee leaping in the air with his arms outstretched in front of a building. Sentence 2: they are posing
| Unknown | esnli | Context: "One man wearing a striped shirt and sunglasses jumps in the air next to another man in a black graphic tee leaping in the air with his arms outstretched in front of a building." Claim: "they are posing"
Considering the context, is the claim true, false, or unknown? |
Robin needs to pay the food and taxes, the rest he can decide how much he wants to pay for tips. Therefore, the tip should be represented using inequality. | $x \leq 60-34\times 10\textbackslash\%-34$, let $x$ be the amount of tips | TAL-SCQ5K | Robin had a great meal in a local Thai restaurant and he spent $34$ dollars on the dishes. The tax is $10\textbackslash\%$ of the dishes and Robin also needed to pay for the tip after paying the food and tax. Robin brought $60$ dollars with him and he\textquotesingle s thinking about how many tips should he give. Which of the following is an inequality that represents the situation?
* $x=60-34\times 10\textbackslash\%-34$, let $x$ be the amount of tips
* $x=60-34$, let $x$ be the amount of tips
* $x \leq 60-34\times 10\textbackslash\%-34$, let $x$ be the amount of tips
* $x\leq 60-34$, let $x$ be the amount of tips |
Just because a photographer is holding his camera next to an orange barrier beside water, it does not mean he is trying to find a missing person.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: A photographer is holding his camera next to an orange barrier beside water.
Hypothesis: Trying to find a missing person
Is the hypothesis incorrect? (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
Air pollution is harmful to human beings and other living things. About 22 million people die from air pollution each year. Breathing polluted air increases the risk of developing lung diseases such as asthma and lung cancer. Breathing bad air also increases the chances of dying from other diseases. Children are most likely to be affected by air pollution. That’s because their lungs are still developing and growing. Children also take in more air for their size than adults do. Some air pollutants damage the environment as well as the health of living things. The type of damage depends on the pollutant. Air pollution can also harm the environment. | Berna | ropes | Context: Two sister cities had different environments. Shanghai had big problems with air pollution while Berna took very good care of the surrounding environment and air quality.
Question: Which city had air that was not harmful to other living things? |
A groom on a wedding cake is a figurine that is very stiff, so this simile is saying that xander is holding himself very stiffly. | Yes | FLUTE | Context: Next to her, xander is holding himself stiffly
Hypothesis: Next to her, xander is holding himself like a groom on a wedding cake.
Given this context, determine if the hypothesis is true (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
Alpine tundra occurs at high enough altitude at any latitude. Portions of montane grasslands and shrublands ecoregions worldwide include alpine tundra. Large regions of alpine tundra occur in the North American Cordillera, the Alps and Pyrenees of Europe, the Himalaya and Karakoram of Asia, the Andes of South America, and the Eastern Rift mountains of Africa.Alpine tundra occupies high-mountain summits, slopes, and ridges above timberline. Aspect plays a role as well; the treeline often occurs at higher elevations on warmer equator-facing slopes. Because the alpine zone is present only on mountains, much of the landscape is rugged and broken, with rocky, snowcapped peaks, cliffs, and talus slopes, but also contains areas of gently rolling to almost flat topography.Averaging over many locations and local microclimates, the treeline rises 75 metres (245 ft) when moving 1 degree south from 70 to 50°N, and 130 metres (430 ft) per degree from 50 to 30°N. Between 30°N and 20°S, the treeline is roughly constant, between 3,500 and 4,000 metres (11,500 and 13,100 ft). | Icelandia | ropes | Consider the following text:
Two countries from the same continent have very different climates. Icelandia, located at 70°N latitude, and Uganda, situated just south of 30°N, Icelandia was mostly flat, had a few mountains under 1,000 ft, but Uganda had a mountain range with peaks just under 3,000 ft.
Which country had more alpine tundra vegetation? |
You cannot infer that two children dancing at a recital are the best two dancers and you also cannot assume that they both belong to the same school.
| Unknown | esnli | Given the statement "Two kids dancing at a dance recital.", what is the statement "The kids are the best dancers in their school" true?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown |
Sentence one says the boy has a guitar Sentence two says the boy has a music instrument, likely the guitar
| Yes | esnli | Given the statement "A boy with a guitar sleeps next to a concrete structure.", is the statement "A boy has his musical instrument with him." is true?
- Yes
- No
- I don't know |
Gasoline-powered vehicles emit a lot of harmful materials. Nitrogen oxides are formed when atmospheric nitrogen reacts with oxygen at the high temperatures found in a car engine. Carbon monoxide is a by-product of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Evaporated and unused fuel releases volatile hydrocarbons into the atmosphere to help form smog. The presence of a catalytic converter in the exhaust system of the car causes these materials to react and be changed into less harmful products. | Mound | ropes | Context: Bend village was located 20 miles away from Mound village. People in Bend village used gasoline powered vehicles, while Mound village used only electrical vehicles.
Question: Which village emitted fewer harmful materials? |
A dilution effect is seen when animals living in a group "dilute" their risk of attack, each individual being just one of many in the group. George C. Williams and W.D. Hamilton proposed that group living evolved because it provides benefits to the individual rather than to the group as a whole, which becomes more conspicuous as it becomes larger. One common example is the shoaling of fish. Experiments provide direct evidence for the decrease in individual attack rate seen with group living, for example in Camargue horses in Southern France. The horse-fly often attacks these horses, sucking blood and carrying diseases. When the flies are most numerous, the horses gather in large groups, and individuals are indeed attacked less frequently. Water striders are insects that live on the surface of fresh water, and are attacked from beneath by predatory fish. Experiments varying the group size of the water striders showed that the attack rate per individual water strider decreases as group size increases. | Lower | ropes | Kenya's Masai Mara wildebeest migration is one of the greatest spectacles in the natural world. Every year thousands of wildebeests cross the Mara river. John went to see the migration last year. He noticed that the wildebeests crossed the the river in a very large group. He noted that as case A. His guide told him that is not the case in other times of the year. The wildebeests cross the river in smaller groups in other times. John noted that as case B. The guide added that in both cases on thing is constant, they are attacked by the lions.
In case A would the wildebeests have lower or higher risk of attack from the lions than in case B? |
Not all children are boys. Standing on the pavement does not imply that the child is waiting for the school bus.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: "Child with striped shirt, red shorts and orange cap standing on pavement near cars."
Hypothesis: A boy waits on the paved sidewalk for the school bus.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
Just because a man is shielding himself from the sun trying to read a piece of paper doesn't mean he is looking for a building address he is trying to read his map.
| I don't know | esnli | Context: A man with a red jacket is shielding himself from the sun trying to read a piece of paper.
Hypothesis: The man is trying to read his map.
Given this context, is the hypothesis true (Yes/No/I don't know)? |
The palyer may or may not be man and running with a football is not always running for the end zone.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: "A man running with a football while members of the opposing team chase him."
Hypothesis: The player is running for the end zone while opponents chase him.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
- A kangaroo is a kind of animal
- An animal knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born
- So, a kangaroo knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born
- A kangaroo knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born
- A newborn kangaroo knows how to crawl into its mother's pouch to drink milk
- Therefore, an example of an instinctive behavior is the kangaroo crawling into its mother 's pouch to drink milk
- An example of an instinctive behavior is the kangaroo crawling into its mother 's pouch to drink milk
- An instintctive behavior is similar to instinct
- Therefore, an example of an instinct is the kangaroo crawling into its mother 's pouch to drink milk
Hence, an example of an instinct is the kangaroo crawling into its mother 's pouch to drink milk | an instinct. | entailment_bank | [Question]A newborn kangaroo has the ability to crawl into its mother's pouch to drink milk. This is an example of
[Context]- A kangaroo is a kind of animal
- An animal knows how to do instinctive behaviors when it is born
- A newborn kangaroo knows how to crawl into its mother's pouch to drink milk
- An instintctive behavior is similar to instinct |
A child with a Toronto Maple Leafs jersey and a hockey stick implies the child likes hockey and a kid is a child.
| Yes | esnli | Context: Small child in Toronto Maple Leafs jersey with a toy hockey stick and puck on the ground.
Hypothesis: A kid who likes hockey.
Given this context, determine if the hypothesis is true (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
The men either have huge smiles on their faces, while at some sort of event, or are depressed and crying after learning of the recent tragedy.
| False | esnli | Context: "Men dressed up for some sort of event with huge smiles on their faces."
Hypothesis: Two men are depressed and crying after learning of the recent tragedy.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
Here skateboard ollies down a small flight of stairs connect to a brown brick and green tile building
| Yes | esnli | Given the statement "A man on a skateboard ollies down a small flight of stairs connect to a brown brick and green tile building.", is the statement "There was a flight of stairs near a green building." is true?
- Yes
- No
- I don't know |
There is either a girl or a boy, and one or the other either climbed the wall like spider man or the pretended to be a girl.
| Yes | esnli | Given the statement "A little girl trying to be like spiderman clime up the corner of the wall.", is the statement "A boy pretends to be a girl." wrong?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown |
The second sentence explains that the woman is giggling with glee after the man has swept her off her feet.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: "A man and woman stand on a boulder by the river as he sweeps her off her feet." Claim: "The woman giggles with glee"
Considering the context, is the claim true, false, or unknown? |
Animals like a polar bear that eat their kind is an example of cannibalism. | No | feasibilityQA | Context: Cole maintains a zoo where he did not feed the animals for some days and figured out that the parent animal ate some.
Question: "The animal could have been an elephant." -- Is this statement true? |
To hang on is different than to hogtie. The cowboy hogtieing his target doesn't mean he is at a rodeo.
| No | esnli | Given the statement "At a rodeo, a cowboy desperately tries to hang on to a bull.", is the statement "A cowboy tries to hogtie his target." is true?
- Yes
- No
- I don't know |
Clouds on Earth are made of water vapor. Venus's clouds are a lot less pleasant. They are made of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and large amounts of corrosive sulfuric acid! The atmosphere of Venus is so thick that the pressure on the surface of Venus is very high. In fact, it is 90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface! The thick atmosphere causes a strong greenhouse effect. As a result, Venus is the hottest planet. Even though it is farther from the Sun, Venus is much hotter even than Mercury. Temperatures at the surface reach 465°C (860°F). That’s hot enough to melt lead! | Dan | ropes | Two students were learning about atmospheres and planets. Dan learned about the atmosphere of Earth, while Nate learned about planet Venus and its atmosphere.
Based on the above, answer the following question:
Which student learned less about the planet with the greater atmosphere? |
Recycling has a positive impact on the environment.
Yard waste is recyclable and easy to recycle.
Yard waste is good for the environment. | [c] | qasc | what is yard waste good for?
[a] Energy.
[b] Bodily water
[c] environment
[d] energy
[e] heat energy
[f] consumers
[g] nutrients
[h] growth |
A predatory jungle cat is a sleek and graceful animal that moves with purpose, so saying someone moves like one would imply their movements are also sleek and graceful and not jerky and sloppy | No | FLUTE | Given the statement "His movements were jerky and sloppy, halting and graceless.", is the statement "The way he moved was like a giant, predatory jungle cat ." is true?
- Yes
- No
- I don't know |
Any band can play in front of a brick wall, but you have no way of knowing whether or not they are a garage band.
| Unknown | esnli | Consider the staetement "A band plays in front of a brick wall". Based on this statement, is "There's a brick wall with a garage band in front of it." a true statement? Yes/no/unknown |
Just because a girl wearing sunglasses and an orange tank top hula hoops does not imply that she is having fun using a hula hoop.
| I don't know | esnli | Context: A girl wearing sunglasses and an orange tank top hula hoops.
Hypothesis: A girl is having fun using a hula hoop.
Given this context, is the hypothesis true (Yes/No/I don't know)? |
Fungi not only evolve to avoid the defenses of the plants, but they also attempt to prevent the plant from enacting the mechanisms to improve its defenses. Anything the fungi can do to slow the evolution process of the host plants will improve the fitness of future generations because the plant will not be able to keep up with the evolutionary changes of the parasite. One of the main processes by which plants quickly evolve in response to the environment is sexual reproduction. Without sexual reproduction, advantageous traits could not be spread through the plant population as quickly allowing the fungi to gain a competitive advantage. For this reason, the sexual reproductive organs of plants are targets for attacks by fungi. Studies have shown that many different current types of obligate parasitic plant fungi have developed mechanisms to disable or otherwise affect the sexual reproduction of the plants. If successful, the sexual reproduction process slows for the plant, thus slowing down evolutionary change or in extreme cases, the fungi can render the plant sterile creating an advantage for the pathogens. It is unknown exactly how this adaptive trait developed in fungi, but it is clear that the relationship to the plant forced the development of the process.Some researchers are also studying how a range of factors affect the rate of evolutionary change and the outcomes of change in different environments. For example, as with most evolution, increases in heritability in a population allow for a greater evolutionary response in the presence of selective pressure. For traits specific to the plant-fungi coevolution, researchers have studied how the virulence of the invading pathogen affects the coevolution. Studies involving Mycosphaerella graminicola have consistently showed that virulence of a pathogen does not have a significant impact on the evolutionary track of the host plant.There can be other factors in that can affect the process of coevolution. For example, in small populations, selection is a relatively weaker force on the population due to genetic drift. Genetic drift increases the likelihood of having fixed alleles which decreases the genetic variance in the population. Therefore, if there is only a small population of plants in an area with the ability to reproduce together, genetic drift may counteract the effects of selection putting the plant in a disadvantageous position to fungi which can evolve at a normal rate. The variance in both the host and pathogen population is a major determinant of evolutionary success compared to the other species. The greater the genetic variance, the faster the species can evolve to counteract the other organism’s avoidance or defensive mechanisms.Due to the process of pollination for plants, the effective population size is normally larger than for fungi because pollinators can link isolated populations in a way that the fungus is not able. This means positive traits that evolve in non-adjacent but close areas can be passed to nearby areas. Fungi must individually evolve to evade host defenses in each area. This is obviously a clear competitive advantage for the host plants. Sexual reproduction with a broad, high variance population leads to fast evolutionary change and higher reproductive success of offspring.Environment and climate patterns also play a role in evolutionary outcomes. Studies with oak trees and an obligate fungal parasite at different altitudes clearly show this distinction. For the same species, different altitudinal positions had drastically different rates of evolution and changes in the response to the pathogens due to the organism also in a selective environment due to their surroundings.Coevolution is a process that is related to the red queen hypothesis. Both the host plant and parasitic fungi have to continue to survive to stay in their ecological niche. If one of the two species in the relationship evolves at a significantly faster rate than the other, the slower species will be at a competitive disadvantage and risk the loss of nutrients. Because the two species in the system are so closely linked, they respond to external environment factors together and each species affects the evolutionary outcome of the other. In other words, each species exerts selective pressure on the other. Population size is also a major factor in the outcome because differences in gene flow and genetic drift could cause evolutionary changes that do not match the direction of selection expected by forces due to the other organism. Coevolution is an important phenomenon necessary for understanding the vital relationship between plants and their fungal parasites. | Eastern | ropes | Consider the following text:
Ted had two garden plots. The Eastern plot had very healthy plants and good soil. The Western plot was problematic, the plants were attacked by parasitic fungi.
Which plot had fewer fungi avoiding the defenses of the plants? |
Baseball is a team sport, so a baseball player is likely the same as a team member swinging a bat to hit a baseball.
| Yes | esnli | Consider the staetement "a baseball player swings his bat to hit a baseball.". Based on this statement, is "A team member swings his bat to hit a baseball." a true statement? Yes/no/unknown |
Number of students that can be occupied is directly proportional to the classroom size. | No | feasibilityQA | Jack is scheduling the classroom and timing for the Statistics course. There are two classrooms available for this course. The bigger classroom amongst both can accommodate a maximum of 113 students.
Question: Is the following statement plausible?
The maximum number of students other classroom could accommodate is 117. |
The texans could refer to someone other than the NFL team the Houston Texans, and the play might have already been initiated. The goal of the play might not necessarily be for point-scoring or for a touchdown.
| I don't know | esnli | Context: The Houston Texans quarterback is executing a play-action play with the running back against the NFC North-worst Minnesota Vikings, who are big rivals with the elite Green Bay Packers.
Hypothesis: the texans are about to score a touchdown
Given this context, is the hypothesis true (Yes/No/I don't know)? |
The men would not necessarily be in the final round of a competition. The men would not necessarily be competing in the local karate club's yearly tournament.
| Unknown | esnli | Context: "Man kicking another man in the face in a karate competition."
Hypothesis: The men are fighting in the final round of their local karate club's yearly tournament.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
Profit = q
Profit to company founder = q/2
Profit to other partners = q/2
Number of other partners = 3
Profit to each partner = (q/2)/3 = q/6 | C | aqua | Last year, Company M made q dollars in profit. Half of the profit went to the company’s founder. The rest was split evenly among his Three other partners. In terms of q, how much did each of the other partners receive?
A. q/4
B. q/5
C. q/6
D. q/7
E. q/8 |
The little girl could be simply holding the egg for someone else, she is not necessarily cooking it.
| Unknown | esnli | Consider the staetement "A young girl standing next to a bowl holding an egg.". Based on this statement, is "The girl is cooking eggs." a true statement? Yes/no/unknown |
The two sentences aren't talking about the same subject. A double sink and a bathtub are not the same
| False | esnli | Context: "The double sink is freshly polished chrome." Claim: "The bathtub is overflowing."
Considering the context, is the claim true, false, or unknown? |
Just because A man sits while playing the guitar does not indicate that A street performer plays a song on the guitar
| Unknown | esnli | Given the statement "A man sits while playing the guitar.", is the statement "A street performer plays a song on the guitar" wrong?
- Yes
- No
- Unknown |
A couple suggests more than one person. Also, a couple sitting cannot be on a bike crossing a street at the same time
| False | esnli | Context: "A couple sit outside of an establishment."
Hypothesis: A man on a bike crossing the street.
Based on the context, is the hypothesis true, false, or unknown? |
A group can not consist of only one woman. If a woman is dancing, then men cannot be standing around. A group of women can not be considered men.
| Yes | esnli | Context: A group of woman are dancing while the other woman are watching and clapping.
Hypothesis: Men are standing around a bus station.
Is the hypothesis incorrect? (Yes, no, or unknown)? |
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