texts
sequence | tags
sequence |
|---|---|
[
"Is it a good idea to pursue a PhD in Singapore as a European student?",
"I graduated with a masters from a good university in the Netherlands and am considering to accept a PhD at the National University of Singapore. However, since I have no experience with this university, it's hard for me to decide if this is a good idea academically. The research I'd be doing is very interesting, and both the university and the department where I'd work seem to be very good. I have a good idea what the academic culture is like in Europe, but less so in Singapore. The department of my PhD in Singapore is very international, also about one third of the researchers is European. I'd like to stay in academia after my PhD (at least, that's what I think now) and at least pursue a post-doc. For me, there are two main reasons to accept this PhD position:\n\nInteresting research topic and a good (so it seems, but not sure) research environment.\nPersonal experience to live and work in an interesting place very different from home.\n\nDoes anyone here with a background in academics have experience or advice on the academic side of doing a PhD in Singapore? Specifically, is the academic culture comparable to Europe, and do I stand a good chance of obtaining a post-doc in Europe or the USA afterwards?"
] | [
"phd",
"singapore"
] |
[
"How to properly address an unsolved problem that is very hard to solve in mathematical thesis?",
"I'm preparing my thesis presentation and I'm trying to address a situation in which the general case has no known solution and is an open, very hard to solve, problem. It involves non-isolated singularities, so, if you're a mathematician, you could have an idea regarding this kind of difficulty.\n\nHow can I spell this out in a more appropriate way? I don't want to say \"one should notice that solving this problem in the non-isolated singularities case is very hard\". It seems out of place and subjective (I mean, what do I mean by \"very hard\"? That the case I solved in my thesis was easy?)."
] | [
"thesis",
"mathematics",
"writing-style"
] |
[
"the paper status was back from \"decision in process\" to \"under review\"",
"I submitted a paper to Journal of comparative physiology-B. After major revision, two reviewers gave me minor revision (only change one word) and the editor was pleased to consider publication. After re-submission, the status changed from \"under review\" to \"decision in process\". However, the status was then back to \"under review\". What does it mean?"
] | [
"phd"
] |
[
"Writing papers with deceased co-authors?",
"I am doing a literature review for a project and I have come across recent papers in top journals where one of the co-authors is a famous Statistician (Peter G. Hall, 1951 – 2016). This is an example that motivated my question, but my question applies in general. Reviews in those journals usually take less than 2 years (in most cases, about a year). Thus, the papers where submitted a fair amount of time after the famous co-author passed away.\nMy question is, how do editors check (if at all) if the authors actually worked on those projects with the late famous co-author in order to (i) justify their inclusion, and (ii) determine if the inclusion of that co-author does not follow some sort of political move to increase the chances of getting a paper accepted."
] | [
"publications",
"ethics",
"editors",
"death"
] |
[
"How do I best present my skills when switching fields from electrical engineering to earth sciences?",
"I am currently doing my PhD in the US. I am studying electrical engineering with a focus on magnetic sensors and signal processing. I am doing theoretical work (developing a model) and also developing software (mostly MATLAB and LABVIEW) and building hardware for my measurement system. I am also conducting measurements to validate my model. I find the research to be relatively interdisciplinary. I have a few papers (5) in applied physics and engineering journals. I should be graduating soon, within a year hopefully.\n\nI have lately been looking for postdoctoral positions, and I find myself getting more and more interested in earth/atmospheric sciences, particularly analysis of remote sensing data, and also building sensors for remote sensing.\n\nI feel like I need a change of field, as I like to broaden my horizons. I need a fresh perspective.\n\nMy question is: how do I present my skills in a way that increases my chances of getting a postdoc in that field? Wouldn't a candidate with a PhD in earth sciences be preferred over me?"
] | [
"phd",
"career-path",
"application",
"job-search",
"changing-fields"
] |
[
"Listing article updates on cv",
"What does the crowd think about how to list an article update on a cv? \n\nFor example, I have a peer-reviewed encyclopedia article that the publishers have asked me to update after 2 years. This updated article still has the same title (after all, it's the encyclopedia entry name) but content is approx. 25% different, and will be peer-reviewed. \n\nWhat is the best way to indicate this new contribution on my cv? \n\nBTW: I am, perhaps obviously by the question, early career."
] | [
"publications",
"cv"
] |
[
"College Staff Taking Classes and Doing Research",
"I presently work in a facilities-type role at a small Liberal Arts college.\n\nOne of the benefits of working at the college is the ability to take two classes per academic-year (not including summer or winter terms).\n\nI have a BS in Economics from a larger university as well as a pretty broad quantitative background and I'm interested in taking classes in mathematics, statistics, and computer science (they have an MSCS program here).\n\nWhat I'm wondering is this:\n\nHow likely would it be for me to become involved in research projects?\n\nWould it be odd for a staff member taking a few classes to ask about doing research with a faculty member?\n\nI'm hoping to pad my resume a bit for acceptance into a PhD or MS in Applied Math program down the line; but, I'm wondering if it's worth getting my hopes up about doing research even though I'm just a staff member taking classes."
] | [
"computer-science",
"mathematics",
"research-undergraduate"
] |
[
"Should I Cite Logos?",
"I've read in the law that logos are protected by the United States Trademark law, not laws of copyright. Essentially this means that you have immediate permission to use a logo that doesn't belong to you, without asking for direct permission from the logos owner (as long as you follow legal usage guidelines). So my question is: Do I need to cite these logos I use if they do not have protection by copyright (thereby giving me usage privileges)? And also do assume I would follow correct guidelines and include a standard legal disclaimer."
] | [
"citations"
] |
[
"Using \"we\" in mathematical reports",
"Recently, I have submitted an early draft of a report summarising the results of a year-long project at my university, to my advisor for review. We have met up for a review of the paper, and he pointed out my frequent use of the word \"we\" in the paper. He considered it a mistake and asked me to change everything to a third-person view.\n\nPersonally, I found this incredibly strange. I am in the field of mathematics, and based on other papers and publications in math, it is very common and even considered \"good\" language to use the word \"we\" in writing, especially in proofs and discussions of results. For example, instead of\n\n\n This proof demonstrates Theorem 3 to be true\n\n\nit is considered desirable to instead write\n\n\n We have thus proven Theorem 3.\n\n\nThe reasons cited for this preference, I have seen, is due to both convention and to avoid dodgy writing (third-person wording may suggest that the authors did something, but it could have been taken from somewhere else).\n\nI have seen different questions on this site pertaining to this issue. This question, for example, has answers which suggest to take reference to the style guide provided by one's university, which unfortunately mine does not have. The accepted answer deals with economics, so I am unsure it applies in mathematics. This question suggests it is good to use \"we\" in mathematical and scientific writing. A quick search on Google, however, apparently suggests it is always undesirable to use first or second person pronouns in academic writing (see this site).\n\nThus, I am asking this question for my specific scenario for clarification. Should I follow my advisor's advice, or should I discuss with him further? Again, I find his advice rather odd and I definitely prefer to be able to use the word \"we\" as I please when appropriate."
] | [
"writing"
] |
[
"Uninvited involvement in postgraduate supervision",
"What is your opinion about another member of staff, uninvited, requiring postgraduate students to discuss their research with him, not even informing the actual supervisor and even requiring / insisting on significant changes? This uninvited intruder has considerably less supervision experience, research experience and in fact lower indices and international accreditation than the supervisor but is the head of department. There is no problem in terms of relationships between the various students and supervisor (in fact those relationships are good - quite possibly excellent). When the topic is raised by the supervisor with the HoD he says it is normal academic practice. He has never indicated that he thinks there is any problem with the current supervision."
] | [
"ethics",
"supervision",
"africa"
] |
[
"Should I always provide my current affilition and address when a paper got accepted?",
"I had submitted a manuscript in last year (December, 2014) while working in Institute-A. After one month of submission I left Institute-A and joined in Institute-B from January, 2015. Now that paper got accepted, just yesterday. \n\nSo what should be my affiliation and address of the paper?\n\n\nI would like to mention that my current Institution (Institute-B) has no contribution for this paper. Though the paper was revised during my stay in Institute-B, but I did those revisions through the co-authors still working in Institute-A."
] | [
"publications",
"journals",
"affiliation",
"elsevier"
] |
[
"Should I include a research in my thesis which does not have a direct connection to its title?",
"Let's say that my Ph.D. project was about mitigating the problem X (e.g. analyzing the specific type of datasets) from different perspectives (CS field), for which one of the methods I have developed was algorithm A. \n\nHowever, I also developed the algorithm B, which belongs to the same overarching category that also Algorithm A belongs to, but it does not apply to problem X. \n\nEven though I also published Algorithm B as an individual conference paper, I'm not sure if I can bring it in my dissertation. It is a novel method, but not related to the main problem (or the dataset type) that my Ph.D. project is about. So, I'm not sure if I can include it in my Ph.D. thesis despite the time I spent developing it."
] | [
"phd",
"thesis",
"all-but-dissertation"
] |
[
"Recommended for admission by the department but still haven't received official decision",
"I was recommended for admission into the Math PhD program at a large state university in the US two weeks ago and the department informed me that they are forwarding my application to be reviewed by the graduate school. The graduate school said they will review my application and will get back to me in two weeks for official decision. Two weeks have passed and I still haven't received any notification from them, so I sent a polite email asking about my status couple days ago. But at this point, I still haven't got any update.\n\nWhat should I do now? Thank you."
] | [
"graduate-admissions",
"graduate-school",
"mathematics"
] |
[
"Help someone in research paper in practical using my coding skills",
"I'm a developer and I want to help someone in research and be a part of it by implementing it practical. Where I can find those people?"
] | [
"research-process",
"thesis",
"literature-search",
"programming"
] |
[
"Work in an area or work on problems?",
"I have a question about two possible career paths, for which I was unable to come up a better title. Let me explain what I mean:\n\nPath 1, Working in an area: By this I mean, making a career by adding to the knowledge of a field of study. This may include sorting out open questions in that field or identifying new issues or pushing the boundaries of existing knowledge. This typically involves having a larger perspective and understanding of the field and its relevance to the world. \n\nPath 2, Working on problems: By this I mean making a career by solving a series of specific challenging problems not necessarily belonging to a common field of study. Here one only attempts to understand enough about the problem at hand to solve the problem, but does not show an interest in developing the area as such.\n\nWorking in an area requires one to have a broader vision, scholarship and commitment to the development of the area. Working on problems does not involve commitment, but requires one to repeated invest oneself in learning about a new area. By working in an area one can encounter a degree of monotony. By working on problems, one can potentially find new challenges at every juncture.\n\nSo my question is: career wise, what is a better option? Specifically, which of these kind of academics are more valued by the community? What, if any, are pitfalls of these paths?\nMeta question: is path 2 a path at all or do all academics eventually settle into path 1 after spending some time on path 2?\n\nEdit: I guess the key difference between the two paths is that path 1 leads one to become an \"expert\" with extensive knowledge in a particular area. Path 2 exposes one to a variety of problem situations and makes one a better problem solver, though it may not make one an expert in any field. For the purpose of this question, you may take the area to be a well studied field such as, say integer programming, which has some long-standing open problems, but is not necessarily so young that it allows for a variety of research opportunities."
] | [
"career-path"
] |
[
"Ways to manage something like a 'work-life balance'?",
"According to a recent international study on work-life balance within academia\n\n\n \"a majority of researchers and scientists had conflicts between their work schedules and personal lives at least two to three times a week.\"\n\n\nNevertheless, \n\n\n \"about 60 percent of scientists were happy with their work-life balance. The rates for women were lower, at 52 percent.\"\n\n\nI wonder what differentiates these 60 percent 'happy people' from the remaining 40 percent. What do you think are good strategies for a healthy work-life balance? How do you balance your academic work/life with your personal life?"
] | [
"productivity",
"academic-life",
"time-management",
"workflow",
"work-life-balance"
] |
[
"Professional writing tips",
"I just started my post doc and currently writing a paper but I don't have any professional writing experience. Is there a learning curve or forums that can help with improving writing skills? E.g. I want to rephrase \"The review paper published recently talked about the wide range of..\" into more professional sentence. How can I get help on this?"
] | [
"writing",
"writing-style"
] |
[
"Recommendation letter from a professor who knows me for a short amount of time",
"I'm going to be applying for a Master's program at the end of this year. The problem is that I need a recommendation letter from my professor who would know me only for 4-6 months. Does that make the letter less credible? I don't want my application to be dismissed on the grounds that the professor doesn't know me very well. For additional info, I will be sending in my application to universities in the US and the UK. How do admission officers look at that?"
] | [
"graduate-admissions",
"graduate-school",
"recommendation-letter"
] |
[
"Have trouble retaining material I learn in grad school. Is this common?",
"I have just began my first year as a math graduate student at a US school. I am having an issue in the fact that \n\nDuring my undergraduate years, I would only take 2-3 classes a semester, and usually only one or two of them were a math class. This got me used to a particular style of learning; I always had as much time as I wanted to spend on any particular topic; I would read about the topic from different books, read about the history of the topic, etc. I feel like I learned very slowly, but what I did learn, I learned well. \n\nNow I am in grad school, and the atmosphere is completely different. I have 3 math classes which move very fast, and assign a lot of homework. I feel like I do not really have time to learn the material well; I learn the material just barely enough to to do the homework and pass the exams, and then I have to immediately push on to the next topic. I solve the problems and try to understand the theorems/proofs, but then one week later I often retain very little. I always feel like I need 2-3 more passes over the material to learn it well, I never get a chance to do it.\n\nI feel like some of those undergrads who just learn the material to pass the class, not really to use it. But this is terrible to do as a grad student, since math is supposed to be my specialty.\n\nMy question is, is this common? I am trying to figure out if this is normal, or if I handicapped myself in undergrad by taking it too easy. It seems to me like there are some students who retain information much better; they study much less than me, and seem to recall information from weeks before, and I can't do that."
] | [
"graduate-school"
] |
[
"Publication sponsorship for research conducted elsewhere",
"Do universities sponsor a student's conference travel and publication costs if the research on the paper has been done elsewhere? For example, a student may have published a paper during a master's at university 1 and may currently be pursuing PhD at university 2. Similarly will the second university bear the cost of the journal publication? Are there any caveats involved (eg., indication of university's name in the paper, related department, etc)?\n\nOn the other hand, will the first university sponsor one of its alumni for the travel? (This looks unlikely to me.)"
] | [
"university",
"conference",
"funding",
"travel"
] |
[
"Publishing at a venue without ACM/IEEE brand?",
"My PhD Supervisor asked me to submit one of my work at an upcoming International Conference. He is amongst the program committee members. I was having a look at its committee members, the Advisory committee etc. It boasts of researchers from reputed Universities- with some of them quite well established (I know some of them personally). Further, the conference is happening for the 6th time. \n\nHowever I found it quite strange that they are organizing the conference without any branding of IEEE/ACM etc. behind them. The proceedings of the conference will be compiled on a CD-ROM. This obviously means that if my paper gets accepted there, it is not going to be archived with IEEE-xplore or ACM digital library. Google may index it because they may put the PDFs on the conference's website, but that PDF exists only as long as the website for the conference exists. \n\nThe question in my mind: Is such a publication bad for a PhD student? If I put this work on my CV, nobody can find it on the Internet (except on my personal website or archived on arXiv). Then where is the credibility that work was actually peer-reviewed and published at an International Conference? \n\nAnd what about copyright issues? The website says nothing of it. These are a group of researchers from different parts of the world coming together to organize a conference. There is no organization like ACM or IEEE behind them. So I am assuming that the issue of copyright transfers may never arise. Does that mean I can submit this work to other venues as well (since exclusive copyright are never transferred)?\n\nTruly speaking, the only reasons I am going for it is because (1) my Supervisor wants me to, and (2) selected high-quality papers will get the opportunity to submit extended versions to special issue of a SCI journal (which is great for me!). \n\np.s.: In case it matters: until the past year, it was being organized as a 'workshop'. This is the first time they are calling it a conference and have a Journal extension. \n\np.p.s: My field is Computer Science."
] | [
"phd",
"conference",
"ieee",
"acm"
] |
[
"Coauthorship outside my PhD work",
"I am currently a PhD student and I was invited to co-author a review paper on my field. Would it be ok to co-author a paper outside my PhD work without my supervisor as a co-author? My supervisor is supportive of all my work and networking I'm just worried about this kind of move now."
] | [
"authorship",
"supervision"
] |
[
"How are office hours for PhD classes different from office hours for undergraduate classes?",
"I plan on attending office hours this week for a PhD class (in math, to be specific). This would be at a U.S. university, at a strong math department.\n\nMy question is: are the expectations different from undergraduate (and masters) class office hours, when the time is mostly spent on HW questions? \n\nIf you're a professor for PhD courses, what do you expect to talk about with your PhD students during office hours, if you indeed have different expectations and rather not discuss homework?"
] | [
"graduate-school",
"professors",
"homework",
"office-hours"
] |
[
"Can you teach at a community college with a master's degree?",
"I'm interested in teaching a class at the community college level. I'm not interested in it as a career, but rather because I like teaching people about computer science. How likely is it that I would be able to teach a evening class at a local community college with a masters degree (Computer Science).\n\nI don't have a lot of formal experience teaching (TA/tutoring). I spent most of my time doing research in the lab, but during that time I mentored/managed/herded a number of undergrads.\n\nMaybe being a TA would be a nice way to get my feet wet and see if it's for me. Is that possible, now that I've already graduated? \n\nI have a regular 9-6 job that I would have to work around."
] | [
"masters",
"teaching",
"teaching-assistant",
"credentials"
] |
[
"Use the ACM ICPS template",
"I got a paper accepted with the feedback \n\n\"Use the ACM ICPS template\"\n\nHowever, I used the latex template found at http://www.acm.org/publications/proceedings-template (\\documentclass{sig-alternate-05-2015}) and had followed the ACM citation style... or at least, I thought I had done so.\n\nThe feedback does not give any further detail on how the paper has failed to conform to the ACM style. As this seems to be a prerequisite for the camera-ready version, does anyone know how I can work out whether I have adhered to the style demanded, and what steps I must take to fix my paper?"
] | [
"publications",
"citation-style",
"acm"
] |
[
"An academic CV for PhD applicants",
"I'm looking at some academic CVs by PhDs and professors. The focus seems to be long list of talks, conferences, publications and teaching experiences. I have none of these things. Whhat I have now of any substance is (i) 3 preprints of my research work so far that I have put on arxiv, and (ii) my 2 industry internships and 1 lab experience (iii) my grades and relevant classes. \n\nI have received very few scholarships since I did not really need any financial assistance and did not apply. So there isn't really much content. I'm considering doing a bullet point list to provide detailed description for each of internships and research projects but none of the professional academic CVs I have seen have done this. Would this be a good idea? What else can I put on CV as a PhD applicants."
] | [
"phd",
"application",
"cv",
"application-cover-letter"
] |
[
"Is it acceptable to write a reference letter for yourself?",
"If a student needs a reference letter for graduate admissions or that sort of thing, some profs will ask the student to write a reference letter for themself before sending it off to the prof for minor edits and finalization. This seems to be a somewhat common practice given that some graduate schools ask for several letters of recommendation even when it is not reasonable for the student to have developed deep connections with that many professors, and that most professors are just too busy to write quality letters for all the students that ask them to.\n\nIs it acceptable to write most of the reference letter and have the prof make minor edits? Do academic institutions frown upon this practice? Would it be considered an academic offense if a student wrote a reference letter for themselves and had a prof sign it?"
] | [
"graduate-admissions",
"ethics",
"recommendation-letter",
"citations"
] |
[
"Can being a reviewer for a top journal improve my chances in PhD admissions?",
"I have got an email of invitation to review a paper in a best journal of my field. I had a paper there and somewhere else almost in that field. \n\nAs I must invest serious time and attention to complete the review, I wanted to know if that does any advantage on improving my resumé for getting a better chance of acceptance and scholarship for my future PhD program abroad?\nBasically, should I mention in my CV that I am a reviewer of that journal, when I am sending it to other universities?\n\nP.S. I have graduated from M.Sc. two years ago."
] | [
"graduate-admissions",
"peer-review",
"cv"
] |
[
"Online \"database\" for mathematical conferences?",
"I am about to start applying for Ph.D programs (mathematics), and while compiling my CV, comparing it with many examples avaliable across the internet, I noticed that almost everyone attended one or two conferences during his bachelor/master years.\nNow, I just didn't do that. I don't know if this could be an issue or anything, anyway, that is not my question.\n\nSince I have at least four months until most programs start, I wanted to look for some conference that could be interesting. At my university there is a hallway where posters of such things are hanged, but I couldn't find anything online (apparently each university publishes its own conferences on its website, and that's it).\n\nI can't believe there isn't an online equivalent of the above mentioned hallway, my question is: is there?"
] | [
"mathematics",
"conference",
"online-resource"
] |
[
"Comparison of methods in a paper with a table",
"In my current paper I describe two methods for solving a problem in different ways. Both have advantages and disadvantages.\nAt the end of the paper I would like to compare the two methodologies with a table. So far it looks something like this:\n\n -------------------------------------------------\n| | Method 1 | Method 2 |\n--------------------------------------------------\n|Critera 1: | very good | good |\n|Critera 2: | satisfactorily | very good |\n|Critera 3: | very good | good |\n--------------------------------------------------\n\n\nHow would you manage that? Is such a table scientifically accepted?"
] | [
"publications",
"tables"
] |
[
"Assistant Professor at my state university, Research Scientist at my Ivy League, or both?",
"I am a Research Scientist at an Ivy League. I have been offered an Assistant Professorship at the state school. The Ivy League has suggested that if I take the professorship, I could stay on in a 20% role and continue my present research. The state school seems amenable to this arrangement, and would credit my past time here toward tenure, and the ongoing 20% as a tenure-admissible external collaboration.\n\nWithin my network, I cannot find a single person with this kind of arrangement. Are joint appointments an uncommon thing? Pointed questions:\n\n\nWhat might be the unanticipated issues of joint appointment at different ranks (asst. prof. and research scientist)? \nHow can I frame this relationship such that my tenure committee is positive about the arrangement? Any other political considerations?\nIs it generally permissible to write for money from two institutions, in effect to be your own subcontractor?\nThe department at the Ivy is much more highly ranked than that at the state school (top 10 vs 80-90s, engineering). When I move to my next position, how will the time at each institution likely be viewed? Will the Research Scientist role even be considered? Worse, will it be fairly necessary for such a move, such that I dare not let it end?"
] | [
"job-search",
"engineering",
"ranking",
"negotiation",
"joint-appointment"
] |
[
"How often should I meet my direct mentor in bachelor's thesis?",
"I am doing my bachelor's (undergraduate) thesis in a research lab. My supervisor, who is head of the lab, has assigned a junior professor and his PhD student as my direct point of contact. With both of them, I have a weekly meeting where I present the work that I have done. \n\nI get severe doubts while reading the literature, etc. Should I approach my PhD point of contact for this? How often should I approach the head of the lab? \n\nThe PhD student seems willing to help. But, as a new researcher, am I supposed to ask him the conceptual doubts I am getting? The way you ask professors after a lecture? The topic of my research is completely new to me (I haven't been taught it formally before)."
] | [
"research-undergraduate",
"mentoring"
] |
[
"How to make sure graduate admissions committees are able to recognize/verify the material a student has self studied",
"I posted a similar question at the following link yesterday; since, however, the focus of the question was different, I'm posting this question in a separate post.\n\nIt seems as if I'll be taking the next year off and studying a lot of mathematics on my own and apply to graduate schools in the next cycle. There's a lot of advice both on this website and Academia StackExchange for such students. However, I'd like to know how can students who have studied material outside of class better convince the admissions committee of the work they have done thus far. I know it's generally difficult to do this as an international student; the situation must be different for U.S citizens, I suppose.\n\nAssuming I don't get to take courses which I'll be self studying over the next few months, how should I go about making sure the admissions committee take due notice of the work I have done, and more importantly, they can recognize it, if not verify it completely. Of course, I will keep in touch with my math adviser. In addition, what else can I do? Say, I am studying abstract algebra on my own in the summer, working out problems in, say, Dummit and Foote's book. Should I, perhaps, make a website (a Google site), periodically type the solutions to the work I have done and post it online, so when I apply to graduate schools, I can refer admissions committees to this portfolio of sorts.\n\nIn a nutshell, I'd like to know, especially for students who have gone through such a process/situation, of the list of best possible set of actions one can do to make sure the work one has done outside of class is duly considered, if someone who is interested in mathematics schools doesn't have a large number of math courses.\n\nEdit:\n\nI have an additional query: I'll be taking next year off, but I'll be able to visit my college. Even though I won't be enrolled in classes, preferably with the instructor(s) who already know me, sit in their classes, work on problem, and perhaps even take exams. even though I won't get a grade, I could ask the instructor to mention in the letter that I completed this task. She could also comment on how well I did relative to my peers. Thoughts?"
] | [
"graduate-admissions"
] |
[
"How to search private annotations in Mendeley?",
"I have dozens of papers in Mendeley. Most are filled with post-it notes, what Mendeley calls \"private annotations\". Unfortunately, these are not searchable.\n\nMendeley users have been asking this feature for years. It still hasn't been implemented.\n\nThere is a workaround: exporting the article as PDF. The private annotations are added in pages appended to the PDF. But it is tedious: it requires to manually export each and every paper one by one...\n\nI know Zotero's annotations are searchable. So I exported my Mendeley Library to Zotero. But the private annotations don't follow. Furthermore, Zotero only has a 300 Mb capacity, whereas Mendeley offers 2 Gb. So back to square one.\n\nWould anyone have found a way (maybe a programmatic way) to search Mendeley's private annotations?"
] | [
"software",
"tools",
"reference-managers"
] |
[
"Paper with lots of Greek letters",
"I developed a system, and wrote a paper about it. It includes formulas and pseudo-code. During the course of development I used Roman letters in the formulas. I eventually ran out of meaningful letters (letters that I could associate to some extent with what they represented), and started using Greek letters. The development went on until somehow I ended up having about 8 Greek letters and 2 Roman letters used in the final formulas and pseudo-code.\n\nNow that the paper is written, I wonder if having all of these Greek letters is unusual. Would it be better to replace them with Roman letters? Would it be better to use Roman letters with subscripts, such as t for time, and t_scaled for scaled time, instead of using Greek letters for that?\n\nEDIT: To clear things up a little, my general question is: is it preferable to use Roman letters or Greek letters in a technical (engineering) publication, and is it acceptable or even preferable to use letters with word subscripts instead of entirely new symbols to label related variables or constants?"
] | [
"publications"
] |
[
"What makes a Bachelor's thesis different from Master's and PhD theses?",
"All the three types of research revolve around an argument, a thesis. They of course differ in terms of student level, that is complexity.\n\nBut, what makes a bachelor's thesis different from master's and PhD theses in terms of procedures of researching given that all of them may follow the same process of research, questions or hypotheses, review of the literature, methodology, results and discussion?"
] | [
"phd",
"research-process",
"masters",
"research-undergraduate"
] |
[
"Rejected by fellowships, worrying about my future",
"This is the first time I use Stack Exchange. Here are my backgrounds. I am a first-generation poor male immigrant from China to America. None of my members have education beyond middle school. So they cannot help me. Because I was 19 years old, I was too old to go to high school. I attended a community college, transfered to Berkeley to study nuclear physics. I am now a Physics PhD student at MIT. I am now a naturalized U.S. citizen. I applied for all fellowships that I am elligible such as NSF, DOE CSGF, DOE SSGF, Hertz, Soros, Ford, SMART, and NDSEG. I get rejected by Hertz for two cycles and NSF, Soros, DOE CSGF so far. I still have 5 fellowship application pending (DOE CSGF and DOE SSGF are not submitted yet).\n\nI just wonder how to win (or even just get honorable mention or even just move to the interview) these fellowships. I have similar experience when I applied for REU. I applied to about 20 REUs and got an only one REU because the PI was Chinese. I suspect there are connections requirement for some fellowships, which I obviously do not have. Do you think you have any suggestion for my future career in academia if I end up with not getting any fellowships. I also attach the comments of my reviewers from NSF GRFP here. NSF GRFP Comments. Thank you for your inputs."
] | [
"funding"
] |
[
"How detailed should one be in writing the referee's report?",
"When writing a referee's report for an editor of a journal, does one always aim and try to be as brief as possible, saying yes or no to the publication (giving a couple of sentences in support of one's decision regarding the reasons for recommending/rejecting the paper)? Is it ever appropriate for the referee to write about finer details of the work they are reporting on, in their report to the editor?\n\nAfter doing a fair bit of research to figure out whether to recommend a paper for publication or not, it can still be a hard decision to make. Is it then appropriate to share the finer details with the editor or does one have to make the decision and write only in support of that decision?"
] | [
"publications",
"writing",
"peer-review",
"editors"
] |
[
"How to cite OER textbooks which have had the title and authors removed?",
"I would like to cite an OER (Open Educational Resources) book in a concise way. The book is available here. The online pdf of the book says\n\n\n Normally, the author and publisher would be credited here. However, the publisher has asked for the customary\n Creative Commons attribution to the original publisher, authors, title, and book URI to be removed. Additionally,\n per the publisher's request, their name has been removed in some passages. \n\n\nI do have the names of the authors, from the \"About the Authors\" page, but I don't know the original order they were listed in. I wanted to do something like first-author et al. Is it fair to select the first one listed in the \"About the Authors\" page for that purpose?"
] | [
"citation-style",
"open-access"
] |
[
"Why do citations in Google Scholar disappear?",
"What is the reason Google Scholar misses catching a citation from one article of a well-known journal, whereas all other articles of the same issue are discoverable and show citations? Google Scholar cannot find that article, too. We had an article published in January, with 1 citation showing on Springer's website. However, on our Google Scholar accounts, there is no citation. What could be the cause of this problem and how do we correct this?"
] | [
"publications",
"google-scholar",
"bibliometrics"
] |
[
"Is it popular to request TA presence in the classroom for all lectures & is it right?",
"A Professor normally send his TA to conduct some sessions of his course (e.g., for problem solving).\n\nIt is also possible to ask the TA to attend all sessions to keep the track of the course. This is helpful if the TA is responsible for reading the essays of students, as he can be aware of discussions in the class.\n\nHow much the second scheme is popular?\n\nIs it right to force a TA to stay and listen to the basic topics? When someone provide TA service for a course, he knows that topic well, and it is boring to sit and listen it again."
] | [
"teaching-assistant"
] |
[
"How to publish an original idea which has no citations and has been described as 'possibly notable'?",
"I am an amateur mathematician, not a member of academia. I've created a small algorithm for a twin prime sieve. It's like a prime number sieve, but for twin primes of the form (6k-1, 6k+1). However, those details aren't pertinent to this question.\n\nI wrote a paper using LaTex and a template for a math publication, naively submitted it for consideration and was rejected with no reasons given.\n\nWith no basis for modifications, no reason to believe submitting to any other publication would be successful, and because publishing is not really a serious driver for me, I naively decided to throw it on Wikipedia.\n\nThe reviewer for Wikipedia made a comment that the information might be notable, but without citations to articles discussing it, there was no way to tell and the article could not thus be published on Wikipedia.\n\nAs I said, formal publication isn't that important to me. However, my experience leaves me wondering how a person in this situation actually could publish. No publication -> no citations -> no publication allowed. It's a catch-22 situation.\n\nAt this point, I'm more interested in publishing as an exercise in figuring out how to actually do it. What if I thought up something that was actually useful?\nHow would I go about it?\n\nOne challenge is, not being in academia I have no research resources other than Google or a public library. As far as I can tell my algorithm is original. \n\nSecond challenge is, being original, I have no sources to cite in a bibliography.\n\nThird challenge, I suppose, is lack of a more senior academic to serve as my advisor."
] | [
"publishability"
] |
[
"Is it OK to discuss a student's work without them present?",
"At my university, PhD students need to give a presentation at the end of their first year. A panel of academics judge the work and then have a Q&A session with the student to assess their progress and aptitude. The panel has the power to delay progress if they have any concerns. It can be a stressful time for students.\n\nThere has been a suggestion from a colleague that we arrange a discussion after the presentation (during the Q&A time) so that junior students can learn what is required. However, I'm not sure that this is right because the student is not present - they're answering questions of the panel.\n\nThough I do see value in the discussion, I think it might be best for all involved to be done as a separate, trial presentation. This way the PhD candidate can modify their presentation to make it better and the discussion can be had without the student being absent. However, this means two talks so it's more time for all involved and may add stress/confusion for the candidate.\n\nI'd be happy to know how other universities do things and what you think."
] | [
"phd",
"graduate-admissions",
"peer-review"
] |
[
"What does \"shortlisting for this post is still in progress...\" mean in the context of a UK job application?",
"I am trying to understand a message for an application in the UK that I received today. Here is the message ;\n\n\n The shortlisting for this post is still in progress, we hope to be\n able to notify applicants of the final decision shortly.\n\n\nThis message is not clear to me. Does it mean that I am not shortlisted but longlisted? What should I understand from this message?"
] | [
"application"
] |
[
"Is it possible to complete the last year of a German Diplom in another university if ineligible in original university?",
"I have a friend who was studying civil engineering in Dresden, Germany. He somehow got a very... VERY bad case of electronic addiction (he would just play online games and only procrastinate) and he lost connection to reality. He also had to go to rehab for this.\n\nHe is doing a Diplom, he has to write his final dissertation. He has over 20 semesters in the degree, it was a bit of a start and stop. This is a German 'diplom' meaning it is equal to a masters' so he holds no previous degrees. \n\nNow he is ready to do the last part of his degree but he has been waiting for a decision from the university as to if he can continue his degree. \n\nMy question is, if this decision from the university is a \"no\", is it possible for him to complete his education? I mean is it possible for him to enroll in another university only for the last year. I think it is not possible in Germany to do this (something to do with having done too many semesters already), but maybe in another country."
] | [
"degree",
"germany",
"transfer-student"
] |
[
"Reasons for dramatic differences in pay for adjuncts?",
"I recently came across a survey of pay for adjunct faculty at California community colleges. It doesn't surprise me that rural schools pay less than urban ones, but there are some pretty amazing discrepancies between schools that are close together geographically. For example, the highest pay for a part-timer with a PhD is 50% lower in the North Orange County district (where I'm full-time faculty) than at Mt. San Antonio College. These two schools draw students from adjoining areas, and are 25 minutes apart on the freeway. Community colleges in California basically get their money from the state's general fund these days (not from property taxes, as in the past), so funding per student should be equal.\n\nAre these wild contrasts present all over the world, or are they a specific to community colleges in California? Why do these huge differences exist? Are they evidence that this labor market is one that economists would describe as inefficient, with people not being able to make rational choices based on accurate information? I wonder if they simply reflect the political and fiscal attitudes of the schools' boards of trustees.\n\nrelated: Why is it that adjunct faculty positions pay so little?"
] | [
"salary",
"adjunct-faculty"
] |
[
"Handling unsolicited proofs of famous mathematical problems",
"I have been receiving mails from (most probably amateurs), who claims to have proved famous mathematical problems, like the ABC Conjecture or Goldbach Conjecture. But invariably, they all contained mistakes. I decided not to waste my time on such unsolicited documents. But recently something interesting happened.\nAbout 14 days earlier, I have received a mail from an Indian undergraduate student who claimed to have proved the Sylvester-Gallai Theorem in an elementary way. What is more amusing is that he claimed to have proved it using Mathematical Induction and a basic Euclidean Axiom. I decided to ignore it as usual. But yesterday I got his mail, telling me that-\n\nI suppose you haven't considered my document worthy of your time and so you haven't gone through it at all, or it may be that you are so busy that you haven't found time to check your email account. If that's the case then just ignore this mail. But if it's the first case then I would like to tell you something.\nPerhaps you have heard about the Indian Mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan. He also sent his mathematical works to renowned mathematicians like Baker and Hobson but they didn't reply. Later he sent his manuscript to Hardy and his genius was recognized. But just suppose that Hardy also considered his work to be the work of a crank, without even going through it. Consider this be the case even if he would sent it to other mathematicians. How long could he continue sending his unsolicited formulas and theorems (which were without proof!) to other mathematicians and be rejected? Of course, finitely many times. After that, he perhaps wouldn't write to any mathematician even if he had, suppose for example proved the Riemann Hypothesis. Why would he? He was likely to be rejected.\nSo I suggest you at least to go through my document thoroughly and tell me precisely about it.\nPlease don't behave like Baker or Hobson.\n\nWhat should I do now? Should I remain silent or go through the document? Any suggestion will be welcomed."
] | [
"etiquette",
"peer-review"
] |
[
"Change title of the manuscript in arXiv",
"I have written a paper and posted that in arXiv. The paper is cited once and I have cited roughly 40 manuscripts in my paper. I am now thinking that the title of my paper is not fully representing what is going on in the paper and I have a better alternative title for the paper. I have not published my paper in another journal and only the arXiv version exists on the internet.\nI know when you submit a revised manuscript in arXiv all the previous version still remains public and this is not an issue for me.\nMy question is: Once I change the title what will happen to the cited paper (with the old title) and all the papers cited by this paper? Are the citations going to be removed since the paper is changed? Are the citations automatically point to the new manuscript? the last but not the least is Google scholar is going to point to the most recent version of the arXiv automatically?\nI have read the following post: Change title to arXiv paper."
] | [
"citations",
"arxiv",
"google-scholar",
"titles",
"preprint"
] |
[
"How much does it cost the publisher to transform the draft of a textbook as given by the authors into a final publication (for web or print)?",
"I wonder what are the actual costs of translating a manuscript of a textbook as given by the authors into a final publication (for web or print). I.e., ignoring the costs of marketing the textbook, and printing the textbook, and serving content via web.\n\nI am mostly interested in the fields of computer science and maths, English-speaking venues, and the United States, but I am curious about other fields, languages, and countries as well. I am looking for referenced numbers, not guesses.\n\n\n\nGiven the number of downvotes and close votes from people who seem to think it's impossible, here is an example…"
] | [
"books",
"reference-request",
"publishers"
] |
[
"How to cite when true publication date differs from journal's claimed year?",
"I am citing in Harvard style, so my entries end up something like this:\n\n\n Widom, H. (1975). Asymptotic inversion of convolution operators, Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 44: 191–240.\n\n\nWith the above entry, I noticed that the same author cited the year as 1975 from his later papers, but the publisher's website says volume 44 is from 1974. I looked at the actual journal volume and sure enough it has 1974 in big letters on the title page, but the small copyright notice says 1975. It seems that this is the journal volume for 1974, but was actually published in 1975. (According to the stamp on it, my university's library received its copy at the start of April 1975, so my speculation is that they only narrowly missed a deadline to pubish in 1974.)\n\nMy question is: how should I cite this? Should I mention both years? If so, how should I fit them in to the citation, and if not, which should I use?"
] | [
"publications",
"citations"
] |
[
"Preparing a very short presentation for a PhD interview",
"I have an interview for a PhD position for which I have to create a presentation. They say:\n\n\n In this first stage interview you will be asked to give a four minute presentation on a project you have recently been involved and your suitability for this Ph.D. This will be followed by around 10-15 minutes of general questions from the panel.\n\n\nMy English is not very well and the interview is in English.\nDoes anyone know how I should create a presentation? What topic I have to mention it?\n\nWhat are their possible questions?"
] | [
"presentation",
"interview"
] |
[
"Indicating undergraduate authors on CV",
"I have noticed that in some fields, it is common to indicate in your CV (with italics, asterisks, or other symbols) if a coauthor is an undergraduate student. I have even seen similar practices for indicating grad student coauthors. I can imagine three reasons for doing this:\n\nEmphasize one's own contribution by suggesting that an undergrad or graduate coauthor did not contribute as much to the paper.\nEmphasize the undergrad/grad student's impressive feat of contributing to a paper so early in their career.\nEmphasize one's own dedication to mentorship and involving students in research.\n\nPersonally, (1.) is not something I would wish to convey on my CV, while (2.) and (3.) are points that I would like to convey on my CV.\nIn my field (mathematics), I have seen some CVs that indicate when a coauthor is an undergraduate, but it doesn't seem to be as common as in other fields. Perhaps one reason for this is that authors are frequently listed alphabetically in mathematics.\nQuestion: In mathematics, would indicating which coauthors are undergraduates convey a positive message about the undergraduate's contribution to research, as well as my involvement of undergraduates in research? Or would this downplay the undergraduate's contribution?"
] | [
"mathematics",
"authorship",
"cv",
"research-undergraduate"
] |
[
"Is getting a second masters in a different technical field worthwhile?",
"If a person has a degree in one technical field and sees and opportunity to obtain another from an even higher ranked university in a field that has great synergy with where they are now, is it worth the time and especially money spent? By worth, I mean would having a second masters be a significant benefit for someone working in industry?\n\nThat is the general question. In my case I will have an M.E. in Systems Engineering and about 4 years experience programming in an engineering field. I am looking at a Data Science program at a top university, it would be a year and a half and lead to an M.S. The cost of both is considerable, I am unsure that the benefits outweigh the costs."
] | [
"masters",
"second-degree"
] |
[
"How do researchers cope with political backlash from working on controversial topics?",
"Suppose, a researcher is very interested and enthusiastic about a controversial topic. If he works on that topic and publishes papers, he may be in political trouble from his government or another government.\nThink about an Armenian researcher who wants to prove that the said genocide of Armenians in the hands of Ottomans was not as true as Armenians say. Or, think about a Turkish researcher who wants to prove that Turkey actually did the atrocities on Armenians.\nHow do researchers deal with this dilemma?\nHow do they cope with the political backlash?"
] | [
"politics"
] |
[
"Giving a test lecture, what should I keep in mind?",
"I hold a PhD in computer science. I've been travelling to conferences presenting my papers and sometimes as part of my teaching assistance duty, I had to give some very simple lectures to students. \n\nI found a position as professor and researcher in a university, and I've been asked to deliver a \"test lecture\" on a subject I don't know to students from a different background than mine. There will be a body of professors evaluating my teaching skills as well.\n\nI am in the process of preparing the lecture, and realised I am preparing it as a presentation. I was wondering, what should I keep in mind when preparing the lecture? I am used to present in front of (a lot of) people, so that is not a problem. I am also used to prepare presentations for my work, so I was wondering if there is something I should keep in mind while preparing/delivering a lecture which is different from delivering a presentation.\n\nThank you!"
] | [
"teaching",
"presentation",
"lecturer",
"lecture-teaching-method",
"course-evaluation"
] |
[
"When should we use publication list for peer evaluation?",
"This is a second attempt to ask about peer evaluation, after a pretty unsuccessful one which was probably much too broad. Let me start again, with a more precise subquestion.\nThe point is commonly made that one should not judge one's peer by looking at the impact factor of journals where her papers are published, as IF is a very poor indicator of the citation rate of individual articles, and certainly even poorer at asserting the intrinsic merit of individual articles. Some go further and consider that one should not judge one's peer by looking at the prestige of journals her papers are published in (e.g. because more selective journals tend to publish less reliable science). Last, the sheer number of publications is obviously no more useful to judge one's peer than the sheer number of books written is useful to judge a writer's merit. So, following these principles, one is lead not to use publication lists in peer evaluation.\nHowever, publication list is most certainly the main component of a record in many, if not most, evaluation.\nI have several questions on this paradox, to which I have personal answers which are partial and non definitive.\n\nQ0 What are the actual practices you witness about the use of publication lists in peer evaluation?\nQ1 Are there circumstances where using IF, journal prestige or other aspect of publication list leads to a better evaluation than not?\nQ2 What other proxy if any can be used for evaluation that are expected to be done rather quickly (e.g. extracting a short list from dozens to hundreds of applicants for a tenured position, attributing small fundings), and what are their pros and cons?\nQ3 What criteria can be used for evaluation that are expected to be done more thoroughly (e.g. hiring for a tenured position once a short list has been established), and what are their pros and cons?"
] | [
"journals",
"evaluation"
] |
[
"What is the best way to explain unrelated work in a Masters application?",
"I graduated in 2016 with degrees in Law and Arts, with Arts majors of International Relations and Criminology. Since then, I have been working as a corporate lawyer (specifically, insurance). \n\nI have realised I don't want to do this long-term, and am applying for Masters degrees in the field of political science / international relations / public policy. \n\nI have decent academics and plenty of relevant extra-curriculars from my undergraduate degree, but I am not sure how to best explain the last 3 years?\n\nI am based in Australia and applying for coursework Masters programs in Europe and the US"
] | [
"graduate-admissions",
"graduate-school",
"masters"
] |
[
"Math journal for young mathematicians",
"I think I have good results for publishing a paper in a math journal, but I've never published one. I need a propose about any good math journal in mathematics for young mathematicians who have never published a paper. It can be with impact factor or with international board.\n\nThank you in advance."
] | [
"journals",
"mathematics"
] |
[
"Can I use code from a supplementary material and publish it as part of my own paper?",
"Someone published a paper whose supplementary material contains source code. Can I include part of that code (I would mark it as copied in the source and the manuscript) in my own code, which is intended for the supplementary material of my own paper? \n\nIf not (or at least not automatically), who would I have to contact to ask for permission, the journal or the author of the other paper?"
] | [
"publications",
"copyright",
"code",
"license"
] |
[
"How to quantify the loss in productivity due to time spent on writing proposals",
"During my PhD it bothered me how much time my supervisor had to spend on writing proposals to get funding to do science, which in practice pretty much meant that he had no time to do science because he spent all that time in the time-consuming business of getting money.\n\nAs I was finishing my PhD and looked at postdoc opportunities, I wrote myself a project proposal for starting investigators in which I spent overall about one month (literature review, securing collaborators, writing itself, etc). This was very competitive and only one in every 100 applicants got funded - I did not get funding, although I made it to the interviews, which I was told meant I made it to the top 10%. I am not completely unsatisfied about the outcome because I gained experience and contacts, which eventually led me to being offered a postdoc position by one of the people I had included as collaborators. However, the whole process of putting the thing together meant I lost about one month that I could have spent doing science. It also made me realize that even writing a high quality proposal in which I had spent a lot of time working on the details would not necessarily lead to guaranteed success. If only 1% of applicants get funded it means that statistical noise alone is enough to push you out of the winners pool!\n\nNow that I am a postdoc I have to spend some time helping my new boss with his proposals and in the near future (maybe in the next year) I will have to start applying to some competitive project money myself. Again, this means that I will not be doing research during that time and will spend a considerable amount of time trying to get that research funded.\n\nHow can this loss of productivity be quantified? Are there studies on how much less research is carried out because of the time spent on competitive hard-to-win grant calls?"
] | [
"funding",
"productivity",
"projects"
] |
[
"How do I write the methodology part of a paper if I use commercial software?",
"I research the aerodynamics of an air vehicle. I use commercial fluid-dynamics software (we have a commercial license). However, I noticed that most papers dealing similar research use homemade software and write about it in the methods section of their papers. \n\nShould I describe how I operate the commercial software in the methods section of my paper? If not, how should I organize this part of my paper? What aspects should I cover in my paper?"
] | [
"publications",
"writing",
"software"
] |
[
"Which year can I start to apply graduate program in United States?",
"As the question stated, is it possible for me to start applying graduate programs during forth year of undergraduate studies?"
] | [
"graduate-admissions",
"graduate-school"
] |
[
"Can a bad grade in a class be negated by a good grade in a more advanced class?",
"I am an undergraduate who is expecting a mediocre grade in my optimization class this semester (roughly B-), which is in significant contrast to my near straight A transcript. Unfortunately, I want to do a PhD in machine learning and so I expect this grade to be viewed in a negative light by graduate admissions committees due to the relevance of the material and the aforementioned contrast. But I will take an advanced graduate level machine learning course this coming semester which has the optimization course as a prerequisite. Will a good performance in this graduate level class negate my mediocre grade in my optimization class? In general, can (and will) good grades in more advanced classes negate bad grades in prerequisite classes in the context of graduate admissions? To what extent? I understand that each admissions committee will view this situation differently. I am looking for a general opinion."
] | [
"graduate-admissions"
] |
[
"How to make notes on journal readings – necessary, or emergent skill?",
"I'll preface by saying I honestly have a load of anxiety associated with this by now, such that it detracts from reading.\n\nI have never been a note-taker (only taking them when forced to by teachers, specific things such as formulas, as outlines of topics in preparation to guessable exam questions, or as a bullet-point list of what I am going to say – on the document that I am writing). Going into the third year of my undergraduate, I began to feel: ‘Well OK, now I need notes, because I am reading a lot of papers.’ A lot of time passes, and I am falling behind. I speak with the study skills folks about my concerns, they offer me some tips about summarizing and stuff, most of which I already put into practice, and their conclusion was that I was probably just anxious. \n\nHowever, I kept falling behind, despite putting in more hours than most of my peers. It is apparent to me that I do not know how to take notes – possibly because I do not know how to use them. \n\nMost of my notes essentially end up as paraphrasing. While I can then go through and summarize, I always feel this is an aimless activity, that doesn't really aid my understanding. In one case, I have literally more pages of typed notes than I the article has (25 pages of notes for a 22-page article), and certainly my handwritten notes are similar, and are often just lines and lines of prose summaries of paragraphs. (I can comment with examples of both typed and written notes if it'll help clarify.)\n\nThis leads me to ask for thoughts: How can I rectify this moving forward? It's gotten to the point where my academic future literally seems to hinge on this silly issue, because it takes me so long to make notes on content that I fall behind, all the while feeling that I am struggling to understand, etc. (Before, in the previous years, I just did a lot of reading, often wider and more extensively than most of my immediate peers, and it lead to positive interaction where people came to me with questions; now, I have really had all confidence shattered, I feel I cannot understand the papers I have spent a lot of time making notes on, even if in principle I do understand them as shown by my ability to answer questions on them. I even have pages of notes on how to make notes, and I certainly feel like I don't understand that.\n\nIs note-taking an essential skill? Would it develop naturally if I 'needed' it? I can't help but wonder if I would find it developing as and when I needed it, without the thought and the stress, and the failing, but it is very clear that, because I never developed these skills, I really have no clue. At this point, I certainly feel as if I would probably understand more of my field at this point if I relied only of reading, because we are talking about days a week to make notes on single papers, and, again, I have not found single-two page summaries of the papers (as many prescribe with several questions about them) to be useful."
] | [
"reading",
"note-taking"
] |
[
"Structuring Dissertation as Thesis Rather than \"Standard\" Bachelor's Structure",
"I'm in the process of developing a quantum random number generator utilising novel mechanisms that haven't yet been implemented in commercial products in an effort to achieve better randomness and a higher bitrate. This is for my Bachelor of Engineering degree in the UK.\n\nMy university doesn't stipulate any particular format, and since it's just a BEng (not an MEng) doesn't require a literature review. However, since I intend on pursuing a PhD immediately following the completion of my BEng, I feel it would be beneficial to structure the dissertation as a mini-thesis broken into relevant chapters with names that I find appropriate rather than using the more standard dissertation template simply using stock headings (research, evaluation, etc.). I'm also planning on doing a literature review.\n\nDo you think this is appropriate or could it backfire?\n\nIf it's relevant, I'll be using Latex book rather than article, to give you an idea of the formatting."
] | [
"thesis",
"united-kingdom",
"bachelor"
] |
[
"Where to put the interpretative mathematical derivations in my research paper?",
"In my research, I've got some new data and there should be some mathematical derivations to interpret the results of previous work. Is it appropriate to put this part of content in the Discussion section or in the Result section or even a new single section?"
] | [
"publications",
"writing"
] |
[
"Is there anything that I can do while waiting for the decision on scholarship",
"I applied for a PhD degree and has received an offer for it! However, I have to wait until next two months to know whether they give me a scholarship as well. I'm very nervous as the number of scholarships is limited and it's highly unlikely that I can join the programme without it. I am also applying for other universities as well but none of them offer scholarship covering everything for international student like the one I'm waiting for. \n\nIs there anything that I can do while waiting in order to strengthen my application?"
] | [
"phd",
"application",
"funding"
] |
[
"What is the actual difference between Graduate and Undergraduate texts?",
"Whenever I open a graduate text (on pretty much everything), I'm instantly overwhelmed as most topics are not well motivated, book reads like an encyclopedia and extremely high level topics maybe mixed in with an introduction to a specific topic. Oh, the text also tends to be printed in a horrendous font that does not at all induce eagerness of reading!\n\nThink of Springer series on mathematics if you want to know exactly what I'm referring to.\n\nWhy are graduate texts written that way? Why isn't there a plethora of classic texts at the graduate level? \n\nJust out of curiosity."
] | [
"books"
] |
[
"Letter for journal's editor about the importance of the paper under review",
"I have sent one of the Ph.D. (2019) chapters to a journal two months ago. Today, I found a preprint (Feb 2021) of one of the strongest key authors of my field. Her preprint talking about a similar topic to mine, which I have done two years ago. I send it to multiples journals. Each journal wastes my time for about 3 to 4 months. She is a famous author and may her paper will be published before mine. What should I do now? Do I need to send a letter to the journal editor telling them about this good point about my project. If so, what should I told them."
] | [
"publications",
"journals",
"editors"
] |
[
"How to efficiently (and aesthetically) display an evolving publications list on your webpage?",
"I'm building a personal website where I'd like to list my publications. Perhaps one of the most efficient ways to do that would be to use or build something that pulls data from an online bib file, and lists entries. I found BibBase, but it has only a few options for display styles, and seems difficult to use if you want something that's also visually pleasing. Short of actually building the html page on your own, what are some common methods that people find useful for this task? How about any websites that you think do this very well?"
] | [
"website"
] |
[
"Can I teach the same course I developed at one university at another university as well?",
"University A hired me to teach a course. It paid the costs of preparation (3 months) and financed tranining sessions to enhance my instructing abilities.\nUniversity B now asked me to offer the same course there.\nAssuming that my contract with University A is mute on this matter, is there anything to consider when one wants to hold the same course at another university? Is it generally allowed (or discredited) to use the very same contents one developed at one university at another one?"
] | [
"teaching",
"university",
"lecturer",
"course-design",
"lecture-notes"
] |
[
"Does my code count as plagiarism?",
"My professor reported me for copying off a past students' programming assignment, which I don't even have access to, for these two lines in the middle:\n\nvoid write(void *data, int *length)\n{\n char *filedata = new char[*length+1]; // the two lines in question\n strcpy(filedata, (char*)data);\n ...\n}\n\n\nI thought these two lines of code are fairly simple, as I have learned them in a previous class. I have to go to a formal hearing. Any thoughts on how I should proceed?"
] | [
"plagiarism",
"programming"
] |
[
"What's useful/important to put in a contract for a research-oriented industry position (in the US)?",
"I'm (probably) going back from Academia to Industry after a post-doc. Unlike last time, where I signed a company-standard contract which did not have room for much maneuvering, this time it's a small company with no template and will be their first academically-oriented hire.\n\nI'm not asking so much about the employment conditions aspect of the contract, or about expatriation (in fact, I've asked a separate question about that on expats.SX) - but rather about the nature of the position in terms of doing research, publication / release of code, and other related issues.\n\nWhat issues, or aspects of the relationship, do you believe it is:\n\n\nuseful\nfeasible\ncommon/not-unheard-of\n\n\nto put into such a contract? (I'm asking about the disjunction, not the conjunction, of the above)\n\nNote: I'm in applied Computer Science. You can make your answer more specific to this field or more general."
] | [
"career-path",
"industry",
"early-career",
"negotiation",
"contract"
] |
[
"Is it okay for me to show some other publication's data for data comparison reasons without prior permission if I properly reference/cite their work?",
"Suppose publication Smith (2016) had a study that investigated whether professors liked apples, and found that they did.\n\nNow suppose that I wish to have my own study that investigated whether students also liked apples, and to what degree would this be compared to professors.\n\nWould it be necessary for me to ask Smith for permission to show their numbers when I am making the statistical comparison between my data and Smith (2016) data?\n\nIf I reference Smith (2016) when presenting my work, do not claim the data on professors to be my own, and use the same inventory of questions (which Smith (2016) themselves used from another source), I would assume that this would not be considered plagiarism and I would not have to receive permission, but I wasn't entirely sure.\n\nIn other words, is it okay for me to show some other publication's data for data comparison reasons without prior permission if I properly reference/cite their work?\n\n*This project, as it stands, only has intentions for conference presentations and not publication if that changes anything."
] | [
"citations",
"plagiarism",
"data"
] |
[
"Can PhD students publish papers as sole author without including their supervisor?",
"If the supervisor does not actually write anything for or contribute to the paper, can a PhD student submit the paper as a single Author? \n\nWould this be a faux pas and cause a strained relationship with the supervisor? I know they expect their name to be on all papers related to the PhD. \n\nAlso, does using their lab mean they have a right to have their name on the paper?"
] | [
"publications",
"phd",
"supervision"
] |
[
"What is a good research experience",
"What kind of research experience is a good or satisfactory research experience for grad school admissions ? There are tons of venues even IEEE has some easy to get conferences which has its name attached to. \n\nSo when someone says he has research experience it is very subjective and differs from reading a few papers about ones field to publishing in national level to mediocre international level conferences.\n\nAlso there are places where a professor at a respected institution may get his paper rejected.\n\nSo I am totally confused which research experience is really a research experience ? How do you set the thresold ? \n\nWhat happens if I have easy to get >5 IEEE conference papers which are may be unheard or new ones such as 2nd IEEE conf on X ? Will I get an edge over other people with no publications or who does not want to publish at such places ? Should I lean towards this approach ?\n\nGood letters from MIT will be a good indicator but what if you have no such recommender or he is tottaly unknown ?"
] | [
"graduate-school",
"research-process"
] |
[
"Students self-assess which exercises they attempted – how can I make this more homogeneous?",
"Background\n\nI am organising and conducting the exercises for a graduate course.\nThe exercises mainly exist to give the students the opportunity to learn by doing.\nHowever, the students also need to participate to some extent to be admitted to a final exam.\nExercises are given out as homework one week before the class.\nDuring the class, students present their solutions to the exercises, which are discussed by other students and me.\nWe evaluate this as follows (which is mostly standard at my university):\n\n\nAt the beginning of each exercise class, a paper containing student names and the numbers of the exercises is passed around and each student checks those those tasks for which they feel that they can present a reasonable attempt to solve it.\nThis attempt does not need to be complete or correct; they should just be able to show what they tried and, if they failed, elaborate where they are stuck.\nDuring the exercise class, the student presenting a given task is selected at random from those who checked it.\nTasks are so small that most of them cannot be reasonably divided into subtasks.\n(This should reduce the uncertainty how to report when only half of a task was attempted.)\nTo be admitted to the final exam, a student has to have checked at least half of all tasks.\nThere is no benefit for students who have checked more exercises.\n\n\nMainly, the system seems to be working well:\nI haven’t spotted an overly optimistic self-report yet and I currently expect that 0.3 students will fail the exercise criterion.\n\nActual Question\n\nMy biggest issue with this system is that there is a huge variation amongst students regarding how optimistic or pessimistic their self-assessment is.\nIn particular the system can make life more difficult for pessimistic students.\nFor example it happened that a student who (legitimately) checked a task and was chosen to present her attempt was stuck at some point, and another student volunteered to help out even though he did not check the task.\n\nHence I am asking: Is there anything I can do to effect less variability in these self-reports? In particular, I would like to flatten the pessimistic side of the spectrum.\n\nAnd just because somebody is bound to remark that life is harsh and the pessimistic students need to be more optimistic anyway: Yes, but I may be able to help them learn this."
] | [
"teaching"
] |
[
"Student found guilty of plagiarism is also academic at other university",
"I am an administrator of a university in U.K. A student has been found guilty of plagiarism and is facing the harshest punishment – 0 in the course and no opportunity to retake which will get him out of the school.\n\nHowever, he is also an academic at another university. Do we need to inform the department head at his university even though it is a completely separate entity from ours? The course is different from what the student teaches at the other university.\n\nI am concerned about the data breach and confidentiality issues. As academics do we have duty to report this?"
] | [
"plagiarism",
"united-kingdom",
"privacy"
] |
[
"Can a publisher publish a manuscript without the authors permission?",
"This is a follow on from Is it ethical to withdraw a paper after acceptance in order to resubmit to a better journal?\n\nIf a journal is willing to publish your submitted manuscript \"as is\", can you prevent them? Clearly if they want you to make changes you have the right to say no, but once the manuscript is accepted can you really withdraw it against the publisher's wish? Further, who has the final say on copy edits and type setting?\n\nIn my field we electronically sign a copyright transfer when the manuscript is submitted that comes into affect if it is accepted for publication."
] | [
"publications"
] |
[
"When to get rid of undergraduate stuff on CV",
"I'm applying to PhD program. I'm my 4th year out of undergrad, I have a masters and am currently midway through my 3rd year at a research org. At this stage, can I get rid of stuff (like summer internships, clubs, etc.) from undergrad on my CV that I submit as part of my application? I guess I should keep the awards, but that might be it.\n\nI was going back and forth about debating a (very mediocre) summer internship from my \"relevant experiences\" section. Is there any rule of thumb for this?"
] | [
"graduate-admissions",
"cv"
] |
[
"During review, I found a superior solution. What now?",
"I received a journal paper for a review. The paper suggests a solution to an important problem, but the solution is very complicated and has mediocre performance. While reading the paper, I thought of a different solution, which is much simpler and has better performance (to give some scale: their solution is 1 page to write and 5 pages to prove; my solution is 5 lines to write and half a page to prove).\n\nWhat should I do now?\n\nA. Write my solution in the review, hoping the authors will remember to \"thank the anonymous reviewer\"?\n\nB. Recommend that the paper published as is, then write a paper of my own with my improved solution?\n\nC. Something else?\n\nEDIT: Before I found the superior solution, I thought of recommending \"resubmit with major revision\", with the reasons that I mentioned above: your solution is too complicated and its performance is too weak.\n\nHowever, now I am not sure it is the good course of action. A major revision may take a long time. The authors might even decide to delay or stop working on the paper without telling the editor (or me). Meanwhile, I will have to postpone the publishing of the superior solution for an indefinite amount of time. What do you think?"
] | [
"publications",
"peer-review",
"ethics"
] |
[
"When to make thesis available for public access?",
"I have recently finished my thesis and submitted to both university and national thesis center.\n\nHowever, it is not online yet (probably there are many thesis pending). Should I wait for the thesis center to make it available or can I just put it to my website?"
] | [
"publications",
"thesis"
] |
[
"How to talk to PI about dropping out of graduate school?",
"There are a lot of threads about whether people should drop out of grad school, or PIs forcing students to leave. My situation is a little different, some people might call this ungrateful, but I want to ask how I should actually talk to my PI about leaving the lab. How to start the conversation, and do it in the most professional and kindest way.\n\nI'm in the first year of my graduate program, and my PI is extremely nice. Like to the extreme. To the point I've never heard any criticism come out of his mouth. I also thought I loved my project very much upon joining the lab. Everything was off to a great start. However, I have soon realized that this is one of those projects that will likely lead nowhere. I am not Edison, and I don't plan on failing 10,000 times before success. It will break me down. My professor is also not very good at mentoring. Nice, but incompetent in a way. He is a new PI and I'm sure will get better with time. But I feel like I'm his experimental subject, the one that is meant to fail so he can get better at what he does. He does not know how to lead me on, and gives me 100 different directions to try. I'm becoming very unhappy in the lab. \n\nOn the other hand, I have recently been offered a job. A good one, one that I can make a career out of. I don't feel that I will ever love this job, but it is the smartest thing I could be doing. However, this means that I have to drop out of my program and leave the lab first. As you can imagine, I do not know how to have that conversation with my PI, just given how nice and encouraging he is. He keeps telling me that I am doing great work, but I am just so tired of the way things are going. He is also a new PI and need prelim data for grants. Which makes me feel worse about this because I feel like I'll be leaving him to the dogs...\n\nSo long story short, I haven't completely decided to go through with this, but if I was to, I had a few questions:\n\n\nHow should I start the conversation? I'm actually at a complete loss for what to say\nIs there anything I can do to not ruin the relationship? I really respect him as a researcher, just not a mentor, and would hate for him to hate me... Although maybe this is too much to ask for\nAm I doing the right thing? If I was leaving a job, I wouldn't think twice about it, but for some reason leaving academia seems like I'm committing a sin...\nAny other suggestions for when I have the conversation with him?\n\n\nAdditional info: one thing I forgot to mention is that he is also very busy. So although extremely nice when we do talk, we've barely spoken for the past month with only one actual meeting..."
] | [
"phd",
"graduate-school",
"thesis",
"advisor"
] |
[
"Is it appropriate to discussed a proposed method in the literature review or in methodology chapter?",
"I need some clarifications on where to put the proposed usability-evaluation method in my thesis. I have tried to improved upon the existing methods and came up with a new one, which will be validated alongside with the existing methods. Is it appropriate to discuss it in literature-review chapter or in research methodology chapter of my PhD thesis?"
] | [
"thesis",
"writing"
] |
[
"I submitted my revised paper in elsevier journal. It's been more than 15 days, how much time it takes to give final decision",
"After submitting the revised manuscript in the Elsevier journal, how much time it takes to give a final decision or minor revision. It's been already more than 15 days. Should I wait or can I enquire with the Elsevier support team? They usually provide the manuscript status."
] | [
"publications",
"research-process",
"citations",
"peer-review",
"paper-submission"
] |
[
"Writing process in a group",
"I'm doing a PhD in chemistry in a small group of 1 postdoc and 3 other PhDs. \n\nWhen it comes to writing a manuscript, our advisor leaves for us only marginal part of the work to write such as formulas, derivations and appendices. \n\nIs it common to have this kind of process in such a small group?"
] | [
"advisor",
"writing",
"group-dynamics"
] |
[
"Should I include a selection as an alternate in national competition awards on CV?",
"I'm applying for postdocs with a PhD in Comparative Literary and Cultural Studies. I've seen some folks include nominations and selection as an alternate for awards on their CV. \n\nI was an alternate this year for a Princeton fellowship and an alternate some years ago for the Association of University Women dissertation fellowship. Do I include these on the CV? I do have letters/e-mails to back this up somewhere in my files...\n\nWhat about \"best grad student paper\" nominee at a national conference?\n\nI didn't include these before, but now I'm not sure... What do you think?"
] | [
"job-search",
"cv",
"awards"
] |
[
"Refuted papers: do they belong in a literature review?",
"I'm writing a detailed review article (for submission for publication) that aims to survey the various proposed explanations for a particular biological phenomenon. I'm aware of one explanation (that was proposed 20+ years ago), but a number of papers since then have pointed out fatal flaws in its logic. The original paper was published in a respectable journal and has been relatively well cited, since many papers on this phenomenon include some form of survey of the proposed hypotheses. However, it has not received any (published) support, experimental or otherwise.\n\nAt what point can we, as researchers in the field, consider the matter closed, and cease to refer to the refuted hypothesis? It seems a waste of space to spend a paragraph detailing one argument, only to spend the next paragraph explaining why it is flawed, and then not referring to it again. On the other hand, does it damage the credibility of my review if I omit one of the hypotheses without any justification?"
] | [
"literature-review",
"review-articles"
] |
[
"What happens to NSF funding when someone passes away?",
"A young professor at my old university recently passed away. They were still in the process of setting up their lab, taking on graduate students, etc. \n\nWhat will happen to their NSF funding now? There is no obvious candidate in the department to take it over."
] | [
"funding",
"united-states"
] |
[
"How do you deal with your Rate My Professor ratings?",
"I recently saw my ratings on RateMyProfessor.com and it's very disheartening to see all the negative reviews from a course for which I worked so hard. Comments like "sh***y professor" are very difficult to accept. How do you all deal with it? Also, how much does it impact one's career? It's taking a toll on my mental health for sure."
] | [
"students",
"evaluation"
] |
[
"Use official titles in Acknowledgements",
"I am writing the Acknowledgements of my thesis and I would like to know if it's necessary to use the official academic titles.\nFor instance \"Thanks Dr.X for his invaluable help in ....\", but it could happen that actually Dr.X is a Professor, or he prefers the D.Phil or PhD. \nShould I make a little research to be sure that no one will feel \"offended\"?\nOr is there some consensus about this matter?\n\nThanks in advance."
] | [
"thesis",
"acknowledgement",
"titles"
] |
[
"Would it be appropriate to email a professor about the culture of an undergraduate college before applying?",
"I will be going to college soon and since I live in an area with few education options, I have very little idea what I would need to do to get into various colleges. Would it be appropriate to email a professor at a given college and ask them what their program requires/likes to see/what skills most good students have? What is the culture at their school? My parents are college professors and I see the ins and outs of academia every single day and I want my college of choice to have certain attributes that are not always obvious from their website."
] | [
"etiquette",
"application",
"united-states",
"academic-life"
] |
[
"How do math PhD admission committees view reading courses when your university doesn't offer graduate classes?",
"I go to a small liberal arts college most people haven't heard of, but I really want to get a PhD in math from a decent (top 20-ish) school. From what I can tell, many serious PhD applicants have a wealth of graduate courses under their belt. My school only offers the standard undergraduate real analysis and abstract algebra sequence, both of which I've completed. Since I ran out of higher-level math classes to take, I've resorted to doing a few reading courses with some of my professors next semester, which will be the semester I'll be applying to graduate school.\n\nI'll be studying algebraic topology, algebraic number theory, and category theory. How will an admissions committee view this?\n\nI also have other things of note in my applications, like a semester abroad in the Math in Moscow program, and two REUs, one of which was at an ivy league school. At the ivy league REU, I was able to secure a rather strong letter of recommendation."
] | [
"graduate-admissions",
"mathematics"
] |
[
"What guarantee the validity and relevance of \"grand\" social sciences' theories?",
"During my undergraduate years, I took a variety of courses in social sciences, and was exposed to writings by famous thinkers like Freud, Habermas, Foucault, Claude Lévi-Strauss, as well as lesser-known authors such as Lacan, Judith Butler, Erving Goffman, etc. \n\nThe majority of them offer some fascinating theories about humans and societies, yet I couldn't help but wondering how much of those theories were, or could be, verified by empirical studies and empirical evidences. I particularly couldn't shake off this concern when the authors go deeper in their analyses, making inferences and drawing conclusions based solely on the theoretical points they've raised previously.\n\nAn example of what I'm referring to is the following anecdote, by Althusser (cited in this article):\n\n\n\nWhat I see here is a possible answer to the question being raised. No evidence was cited to support this argument, yet somehow it is treated as a proven theory, with further arguments presumably could be built based on it. The coherence of the argument is also not obvious (i.e. other inferences could be drawn from the same anecdote). \n\nAlthough there are also empirical studies that were published, some of them I read and was convinced by their arguments, I notice that a large portion of social sciences writings (at least those shown in taught courses at universities) is of this sort. \n\nI guess what I'm trying to ask are:\n\n(1) Am I missing something here?\n\n(2) What justify the method of building arguments utilized in these writing?\n\n(3) Shouldn't taught courses in universities (at least those at the introductory level, aimed at first-years students) make an attempt to answer these questions before starting to explore the grand ideas of those thinkers?"
] | [
"methodology",
"social-science",
"lecture-teaching-method",
"theory"
] |
[
"Transfer article to better Physical Review journal",
"I submitted a paper to PRA: Rapid Communications. I was asked to resubmit because my supplemental material was too long and contained material that should be in the main text.\nIn the meantime, however, I got positive community feedback on the preprint and was reminded of the existence of PRX: Quantum. So I wish to transfer my new submission to PRX: Quantum.\nMy expectation is that PRX: Quantum will be more selective than PRA: Rapid Communications. Would you expect that a direct transfer of my paper from PRA: Rapid Communications to PRX: Quantum will hurt my chances compared to a direct submission to PRX: Quantum?\nRemember, the paper has not yet been reviewed and has not been rejected on any substantial ground.\nUPDATE: I explained the situation and the paper was transferred to PRX Quantum and is under review."
] | [
"peer-review",
"paper-submission",
"editors"
] |
[
"How to peer-review a conference \"Symposium\"",
"I have to do a review of a \"symposium\" that will take place in a major conference in the business / management field. The document I recieved for review consists of:\n\n\nAbstract + Overview of the symposium\nProposed format of the symposium\nRelevance to divisions\n5 Article summaries, each about 4-5 pages long\n\n\nI couldn't find any specific information how to do a peer review of a symposium and I only reviewed regular articles before. \n\nMy questions is: how should I review this symposium document? Do I need a separate review for each article summary? Do I need to comment on the information prior to the article summaries, i.e. overview of symposium etc.?"
] | [
"conference",
"peer-review"
] |
[
"Advice with letters of recommendation etiquette",
"I'm applying to graduate school and require two letters of recommendation. However, I'm not sure what the best process is for asking for these letters. I plan on asking two or more of my superiors (there's about 5-6 total), and believe that while all of them will be positive, some may have better writing skills. \n\nShould I ask based on my order of preference? Or simply ask all of them to write one, if they're willing and have the time? Or should I send out an e-mail stating my situation and requests? I'd like some advice on how to handle the situation. \n\nThanks."
] | [
"recommendation-letter"
] |
[
"Summer Internship - A very well-known Professor",
"I want to send an e-mail to a very well-known professor in the field of my interest. I have read most of his papers and I am 90% sure that I like to work under his supervision at least for some months. I am an undergraduate student but being realistic, I hope to be considered a good student in my field and recently, I published a paper in JHEP. My question is:\n\n\n The professor has a research group in a French university. I want to let him know I will pay for my costs and I just want to do a 3-month or even more research under his supervision. Since I guess I have good accomplishments in my CV, how I can ask him politely for a summer internship (or a visit, I am not familiar with these names) and potentially guarantee to receive a reply message from him?\n\n\nThanks!"
] | [
"internship"
] |
[
"I'm required to apply to multiple projects but I'm interested in only one",
"I'm interested in applying to a Ph.D. position and the guidelines indicate that a given number of different projects (of a range of open positions) should be indicated. I'm interested in one in specific and the other options fall completely outside of my interest or even my specialty. This is required because a potential interview will include members of all the chosen projects, what approach is recommended for completing the list?"
] | [
"phd",
"application"
] |
[
"How should I stay in touch with the professor with whom I have arranged an internship?",
"This professor has accepted me for an undergrad research internship in 2017. How should I stay in touch and continue our email conversations for the following months? I did ask her to send me some papers of hers and I read them. Now what should I do to continue to look interested in her research?"
] | [
"research-undergraduate",
"email",
"international-students",
"internship"
] |
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