Unnamed: 0
int64 0
676k
| text
stringlengths 4
59.1k
| title
stringlengths 1
250
⌀ |
|---|---|---|
6,400 | Yellowhead disease (YHD) is a viral infection of shrimp and prawn, in particular of the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), one of the two major species of farmed shrimp. The disease is caused by the Yellow head virus genotype 1 (YHV1), a positive-strand RNA virus related to coronaviruses and arteriviruses.
The disease is highly lethal and contagious, killing shrimp quickly | Yellowhead disease |
6,401 | Bonne Bay Marine Station is a marine ecology research and teaching facility on Bonne Bay along Newfoundland's west coast. It offers services to students, researchers, educators and the general public. The station is within Gros Morne National Park, a recognized UNESCO World Heritage Site | Bonne Bay Marine Station |
6,402 | The Br. Alfred Shields FSC Marine Biological Station is the marine laboratory of De La Salle University. It is located in Sitio Matuod, Lian, Batangas near Talim Bay and also near Mt | Br. Alfred Shields FSC Marine Biological Station |
6,403 | The Deep Bay Marine Field Station is a marine biological research facility operated by Vancouver Island University's Centre for Shellfish Research. It is located at Deep Bay, British Columbia on Vancouver Island, off the waters of Baynes Sound, 78 kilometres (48 mi) north-west of the main university campus at Nanaimo, British Columbia.
Facilities include a seawater tank farm, a laboratory, a demonstration shellfish farm and a combined research facility for shellfish aquaculture, marine ecology and water quality | Deep Bay Marine Field Station |
6,404 | The Dove Marine Laboratory is a research and teaching laboratory which forms part of the School of Marine Science and Technology within Newcastle University in the United Kingdom.
History
The original Laboratory was established in October 1897. It comprised a small wooden hut sited next to the Saltwater Baths on Cullercoats Bay, and was used by Armstrong College to study the waters of the north east UK coastline | Dove Marine Laboratory |
6,405 | The Duke University Marine Laboratory (commonly referred to as the Duke Marine Lab) is a research facility and campus of Duke University on Piver's Island, near Beaufort and the Outer Banks, North Carolina specializing in studying marine biology. It is part of the Nicholas School of the Environment's Division of Marine Science and Conservation. The current official goal of the Marine Laboratory is to study marine environmental systems and conservation utilizing the resources of the facility's proximity to the ocean | Duke University Marine Laboratory |
6,406 | Espegrend (also known as Espeland) is a marine biological field station located in Bergen, Norway. The station is located close to the airport Flesland, 20 kilometers south of Bergen.
Overview
The Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Bergen has specialized laboratories and research installations in the main campus in downtown Bergen | Espegrend |
6,407 | Friday Harbor Laboratories (FHL), is a marine biology field station of the University of Washington, located in Friday Harbor, San Juan Island, Washington, United States. Friday Harbor Labs is known for its intensive summer classes offered to competitive graduate students from around the world in fields of marine biology and other marine sciences.
Autumn and spring academic terms include courses designed for advanced undergraduates as well as graduate students; most spring and fall classes run 10 weeks and feature an original research component | Friday Harbor Laboratories |
6,408 | The University Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM) was a higher education institution located on the island of Great Cumbrae in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland, and run by the university of London (of which it was a central academic body). It closed in 2013 and is now Millport Field Centre, run by the Field Studies Council.
Located just outside the town, it had an extensive curriculum and research programme, with an influx of students throughout the academic year | University Marine Biological Station Millport |
6,409 | Gulf Specimen Marine Laboratory (GSML) is an independent not-for-profit marine research and education organization and public aquarium in Panacea, Florida, United States.
History
The laboratory has its origins in Gulf Specimen Marine Company, which was founded by writer and naturalist Jack Rudloe in 1963 as a marine specimen company primarily supplying scientists. John Steinbeck was an important mentor to the company | Gulf Specimen Marine Laboratory |
6,410 | Heron Island Research Station is a marine research station located on Heron Island, an island within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, 80 km from Gladstone, off the coast of Queensland, Australia. It is located at the leeward end of a coral cay on a 10 x 5 kilometre platform reef. Although the island had been used as a turtle cannery in the 1920s, after this was abandoned, it was taken over as a resort in the 1930s, by Captain Christian Poulsen | Heron Island Research Station |
6,411 | The James P. Muldoon River Center, located in Saint Mary's City, Maryland, is a 13,000 square foot eco-friendly facility of the St. Mary's College of Maryland | James P. Muldoon River Center |
6,412 | The William G. Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). It is located 101 Dahlia Street, in the Corona del Mar district of Newport Beach, in Orange County, California | Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory |
6,413 | The Lerner Marine Laboratory was a research station on the island of North Bimini, the Bahamas, operated by the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) from 1948 until 1975. The laboratory was named for AMNH trustee Michael Lerner. The station was located on the edge of a lagoon, with passages to the open ocean to the west, giving access to the Gulf Stream, and to the Great Bahama Bank to the east | Lerner Marine Laboratory |
6,414 | The Long-term Ecological Observatory (LEO) is a project off the coast of New Jersey, United States, which monitors the processes in the ocean with online IT systems, spearheaded by the Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences at Rutgers University. Already installed are sensors for temperature, salinity, transmission, light, light attenuation, fluorescence, pressure and velocity.
With improvements in Internet infrastructure it will be possible to observe and evaluate plankton (like copepods) or juvenile fish (like Atlantic herring) online with a quantitative in situ microscope, known as the ecoSCOPE, in order to get more insight into some of the enigmatic life histories of ocean organisms, like predator–prey interaction between herring and copepods, the Eel story, or oxygen depletion | Long-term Ecosystem Observatory |
6,415 | The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) is an international center for research and education in biological and environmental science. Founded in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in 1888, the MBL is a private, nonprofit institution that was independent for most of its history, but became officially affiliated with the University of Chicago on July 1, 2013. It also collaborates with numerous other institutions | Marine Biological Laboratory |
6,416 | The Mid-Pacific Research Laboratory was a marine research facility located in a former US Coast Guard LORAN station on the northern tip of Enewetak Island, part of the Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands. It was opened in 1952, when it was called the Eniwetok Marine Biological Laboratory, on the island of Medren, and in the early part of its operation, it was typically staffed and active when nuclear testing by the United States was being carried out. In the years following the end of nuclear testing in 1958, the facility was moved to Enewetak Island, where it was still staffed for only part of the year until 1974, when it gained full-time research staff | Mid-Pacific Research Laboratory |
6,417 | The Pacific Biological Station (acronym: PBS) is located on Hammond Bay Road in Departure Bay, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada. Established in 1908 (1908), with the Rev. George William Taylor as its first director and sole employee, it is the oldest fisheries research centre on the Pacific coast | Pacific Biological Station |
6,418 | The Robin Hood's Bay Marine Laboratory was a marine scientific research and education unit in North Yorkshire, England, from 1912 to 1982. Purchased in 1998 by the National Trust, the previous structure was demolished, and the present building constructed to the style of the old coastguard station and opened as a visitor and interpretation centre.
Site
The village of Robin Hood's Bay (known locally as Baytown) is situated on the north side of a wide sweeping bay about 6 miles (9 | Robin Hood's Bay Marine Laboratory |
6,419 | St. Andrews Biological Station (acronym: SABS; originally: Atlantic Biological Station) is a Fisheries and Oceans Canada research centre located on Brandy Cove Road in St. Andrews, New Brunswick | St. Andrews Biological Station |
6,420 | The Seto Marine Biological Laboratory (瀬戸臨海実験所, also known as SMBL), is a marine biology field station of Kyoto University. It is located in the small town of Shirahama in Wakayama Prefecture about 230 km from Kyoto.
History
Established in 1922, research at the lab has historically been focused on marine invertebrates | Seto Marine Biological Laboratory |
6,421 | Shoals Marine Laboratory (SML) is a seasonal marine field station located on Appledore Island, Maine, in the United States. Appledore Island is the largest of the Isles of Shoals archipelago, a group of rocky islands just offshore of the coastline of Maine and New Hampshire. The laboratory is cooperatively operated and maintained by Cornell University and the University of New Hampshire | Shoals Marine Laboratory |
6,422 | The Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR) is a French marine biology and oceanography research and teaching center. Founded by Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers (1821–1901) in 1872, it is at the present time affiliated to the Sorbonne University (SU) and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS).
Overview
The Station biologique is situated in Roscoff on the northern coast of Brittany (France) about 60 km east of Brest | Station biologique de Roscoff |
6,423 | Strib porpoise research station was a bioacoustic research facility located in Strib, a small town on the coast of Little Belt, Denmark. The station was formed in 1962 with the official name Station Oceanographique Anton Bruun by the first director René-Guy Busnel (France) and co-worker Willem Dudok van Heel (the Netherlands), in honour of the Danish oceanographer Anton Bruun. Søren Hechmann Andersen joined the station from the start and quickly succeeded Busnel as head of the laboratory | Strib porpoise research station |
6,424 | The Tjärnö Marine Laboratory is a marine science field station in Sweden. It is part of the University of Gothenburg and located on the island Tjärnö, Strömstad Municipality in the northern part of Bohuslän province.
TML was founded as a field station for university education in marine biology in 1963 | Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory |
6,425 | Marine life, sea life, or ocean life is the plants, animals, and other organisms that live in the salt water of seas or oceans, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. At a fundamental level, marine life affects the nature of the planet. Marine organisms, mostly microorganisms, produce oxygen and sequester carbon | Marine life |
6,426 | Marine primary production is the chemical synthesis in the ocean of organic compounds from atmospheric or dissolved carbon dioxide. It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds as its source of energy. Almost all life on Earth relies directly or indirectly on primary production | Marine primary production |
6,427 | Benthos (from Ancient Greek βένθος (bénthos) 'the depths (of the sea)'), also known as benthon, is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the bottom of a sea, river, lake, or stream, also known as the benthic zone. This community lives in or near marine or freshwater sedimentary environments, from tidal pools along the foreshore, out to the continental shelf, and then down to the abyssal depths.
Many organisms adapted to deep-water pressure cannot survive in the upper parts of the water column | Benthos |
6,428 | The deep scattering layer, sometimes referred to as the sound scattering layer, is a layer in the ocean consisting of a variety of marine animals. It was discovered through the use of sonar, as ships found a layer that scattered the sound and was thus sometimes mistaken for the seabed. For this reason it is sometimes called the false bottom or phantom bottom | Deep scattering layer |
6,429 | In zoology, deep-sea gigantism or abyssal gigantism is the tendency for species of invertebrates and other deep-sea dwelling animals to be larger than their shallower-water relatives across a large taxonomic range. Proposed explanations for this type of gigantism include colder temperature, food scarcity, reduced predation pressure and increased dissolved oxygen concentrations in the deep sea. The inaccessibility of abyssal habitats has hindered the study of this topic | Deep-sea gigantism |
6,430 | Hadrynichorde is a frondose organism from the Ediacaran period (635-541 mya) discovered in Newfoundland, Canada. It is a sessile, benthic marine organism. resembling modern sea whips | Hadrynichorde |
6,431 | Marine biogeochemical cycles are biogeochemical cycles that occur within marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. These biogeochemical cycles are the pathways chemical substances and elements move through within the marine environment. In addition, substances and elements can be imported into or exported from the marine environment | Marine biogeochemical cycles |
6,432 | Marine microorganisms are defined by their habitat as microorganisms living in a marine environment, that is, in the saltwater of a sea or ocean or the brackish water of a coastal estuary. A microorganism (or microbe) is any microscopic living organism or virus, that is too small to see with the unaided human eye without magnification. Microorganisms are very diverse | Marine microorganisms |
6,433 | Marine prokaryotes are marine bacteria and marine archaea. They are defined by their habitat as prokaryotes that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. All cellular life forms can be divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes | Marine prokaryotes |
6,434 | Marine protists are defined by their habitat as protists that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Life originated as marine single-celled prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and later evolved into more complex eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are the more developed life forms known as plants, animals, fungi and protists | Marine protists |
6,435 | Microbial symbiosis in marine animals was not discovered until 1981. In the time following, symbiotic relationships between marine invertebrates and chemoautotrophic bacteria have been found in a variety of ecosystems, ranging from shallow coastal waters to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Symbiosis is a way for marine organisms to find creative ways to survive in a very dynamic environment | Marine microbial symbiosis |
6,436 | Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Viruses are small infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of a host organism, because they need the replication machinery of the host to do so. They can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea | Marine viruses |
6,437 | Parakaryon myojinensis, also known as the Myojin parakaryote, is a highly unusual species of single-celled organism known only from a single specimen, described in 2012. It has features of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but is apparently distinct from either group, making it unique among organisms so far discovered. It is the sole species in the genus Parakaryon | Parakaryon myojinensis |
6,438 | The PERISCOP is a pressurized recovery device designed for retrieving deep-sea marine life at depths exceeding 2,000 metres. : 881 The device was designed by Bruce Shillito and Gerard Hamel at the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie. The name is an acronym for the French phrase Projet d’Enceinte de Remontée Isobare Servant la Capture d’Organismes Profonds ("Enclosure project for isobaric ascent serving to capture deep organisms") | PERISCOP |
6,439 | Salinicola halophilus is a gram negative, oxidase and catalase positive, motile, salt tolerant marine bacteria. S. I | Salinicola halophilus |
6,440 | SeaLifeBase is a global online database of information about marine life. It aims to provide key information on the taxonomy, distribution and ecology of all marine species in the world apart from finfish. SeaLifeBase is in partnership with the WorldFish Center in Malaysia and the UBC Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries at the University of British Columbia | SeaLifeBase |
6,441 | The Sheldon spectrum is an observed phenomenon of marine life that demonstrates an inverse correlation between the size of an organism and its abundance in the ocean. The spectrum is named after Ray Sheldon, a marine ecologist at Canada’s Bedford Institute of Oceanography in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia who first reported on this finding in the late 1960s.
The rule observed is that biomass density as a function of logarithmic body mass is approximately constant over many orders of magnitude | Sheldon spectrum |
6,442 | Planktology is the study of plankton, various small drifting plants, animals and microorganisms that inhabit bodies of water. Planktology topics include primary production, energy flow and the carbon cycle.
Plankton drive the "biological pump", a process by which the ocean ecosystem transports carbon from the surface euphotic zone to the ocean's depths | Planktology |
6,443 | Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in water (or air) that are unable to propel themselves against a current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a crucial source of food to many small and large aquatic organisms, such as bivalves, fish, and baleen whales | Plankton |
6,444 | Aeroplankton (or aerial plankton) are tiny lifeforms that float and drift in the air, carried by wind. Most of the living things that make up aeroplankton are very small to microscopic in size, and many can be difficult to identify because of their tiny size. Scientists collect them for study in traps and sweep nets from aircraft, kites or balloons | Aeroplankton |
6,445 | An algae scrubber is a water filtering device (not to be confused with a scrubber pad used to clean glass) which uses light to grow algae; in this process, undesirable chemicals are removed from the water. Algae scrubbers allow saltwater, freshwater and pond hobbyists to operate their tanks using natural filtration in the form of primary production, much like oceans and lakes.
Concepts
An algae scrubber filters water by moving water rapidly over a rough, highly illuminated surface, which causes algae to start growing in large amounts | Algae scrubber |
6,446 | Artificial seawater (abbreviated ASW) is a mixture of dissolved mineral salts (and sometimes vitamins) that simulates seawater. Artificial seawater is primarily used in marine biology and in marine and reef aquaria, and allows the easy preparation of media appropriate for marine organisms (including algae, bacteria, plants and animals). From a scientific perspective, artificial seawater has the advantage of reproducibility over natural seawater since it is a standardized formula | Artificial seawater |
6,447 | The Australian Continuous Plankton Recorder (AusCPR) survey is a joint project of the CSIRO and the Australian Antarctic Division, DEWHA, to monitor plankton communities as a guide to the health of Australia's oceans.
Plankton respond rapidly to changes in the ocean environment compared to other marine animals such as fish, birds and mammals, which makes them ideal biological indicators of ecosystem change.
AusCPR was initiated in 2007 and funding has been secured initially for four years, although it is envisaged that the survey will continue well into the future | Australian Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey |
6,448 | The axodines are a group of unicellular stramenopiles that includes silicoflagellate and rhizochromulinid algae, actinomonad heterotrophic flagellates and actinophryid heliozoa. Alternative classifications treat the dictyochophytes as heterokont algae, or as Chrysophyceae. Other overlapping taxonomic concepts include the Actinochrysophyceae, Actinochrysea or Dictyochophyceae sensu lato | Axodine |
6,449 | Bacterioplankton refers to the bacterial component of the plankton that drifts in the water column. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word πλανκτος (planktos), meaning "wanderer" or "drifter", and bacterium, a Latin term coined in the 19th century by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. They are found in both seawater and freshwater | Bacterioplankton |
6,450 | The Chaetognatha or chaetognaths (meaning bristle-jaws) are a phylum of predatory marine worms that are a major component of plankton worldwide. Commonly known as arrow worms, about 20% of the known Chaetognatha species are benthic, and can attach to algae and rocks. They are found in all marine waters, from surface tropical waters and shallow tide pools to the deep sea and polar regions | Chaetognatha |
6,451 | A chemotroph is an organism that obtains energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. These molecules can be organic (chemoorganotrophs) or inorganic (chemolithotrophs). The chemotroph designation is in contrast to phototrophs, which use photons | Chemotroph |
6,452 | Coccolithophores, or coccolithophorids, are single-celled organisms which are part of the phytoplankton, the autotrophic (self-feeding) component of the plankton community. They form a group of about 200 species, and belong either to the kingdom Protista, according to Robert Whittaker's five-kingdom system, or clade Hacrobia, according to a newer biological classification system. Within the Hacrobia, the coccolithophores are in the phylum or division Haptophyta, class Prymnesiophyceae (or Coccolithophyceae) | Coccolithophore |
6,453 | The Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey is one of the longest running marine biological monitoring programmes in the world. Started in 1931 by Sir Alister Hardy and Sir Cyril Lucas, the Survey provides marine scientists and policy-makers with measures of plankton communities, coupled with ocean physical, biological and chemical observations, on a pan-oceanic scale. The Survey is a globally recognised leader on the impacts of environmental change on the health of our oceans | Continuous Plankton Recorder |
6,454 | Diel vertical migration (DVM), also known as diurnal vertical migration, is a pattern of movement used by some organisms, such as copepods, living in the ocean and in lakes. The word "diel" (IPA: , ) comes from Latin: diēs, lit. 'day', and means a 24-hour period | Diel vertical migration |
6,455 | Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S+CH2CH2COO−. This zwitterionic metabolite can be found in marine phytoplankton, seaweeds, and some species of terrestrial and aquatic vascular plants. It functions as an osmolyte as well as several other physiological and environmental roles have also been identified | Dimethylsulfoniopropionate |
6,456 | Freshwater phytoplankton is the phytoplankton occurring in freshwater ecosystems. It can be distinguished between limnoplankton (lake phytoplankton), heleoplankton (phytoplankton in ponds), and potamoplankton (river phytoplankton). They differ in size as the environment around them changes | Freshwater phytoplankton |
6,457 | Gelatinous zooplankton are fragile animals that live in the water column in the ocean. Their delicate bodies have no hard parts and are easily damaged or destroyed. Gelatinous zooplankton are often transparent | Gelatinous zooplankton |
6,458 | Heterotrophic picoplankton is the fraction of plankton composed by cells between 0. 2 and 2 μm that do not perform photosynthesis. They form an important component of many biogeochemical cycles | Heterotrophic picoplankton |
6,459 | High-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions are regions of the ocean where the abundance of phytoplankton is low and fairly constant despite the availability of macronutrients. Phytoplankton rely on a suite of nutrients for cellular function. Macronutrients (e | High-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions |
6,460 | Holoplankton are organisms that are planktic (they live in the water column and cannot swim against a current) for their entire life cycle. Holoplankton can be contrasted with meroplankton, which are planktic organisms that spend part of their life cycle in the benthic zone. Examples of holoplankton include some diatoms, radiolarians, some dinoflagellates, foraminifera, amphipods, krill, copepods, and salps, as well as some gastropod mollusk species | Holoplankton |
6,461 | Ichthyoplankton (from Greek: ἰχθύς, ikhthus, "fish"; and πλαγκτός, planktos, "drifter") are the eggs and larvae of fish. They are mostly found in the sunlit zone of the water column, less than 200 metres deep, which is sometimes called the epipelagic or photic zone. Ichthyoplankton are planktonic, meaning they cannot swim effectively under their own power, but must drift with the ocean currents | Ichthyoplankton |
6,462 | The Journal of Plankton Research is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on plankton. It is published by Oxford University Press and the editor-in-chief is John R. Dolan (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) | Journal of Plankton Research |
6,463 | List of eukaryotic species that belong to picoplankton, meaning one of their cell dimensions is smaller than 3 μm.
Autotrophic species
Chlorophyta
Chlorophyceae
Stichococcus cylindricus Butcher, 3 - 4. 5 μm, brackish
Pedinophyceae
Marsupiomonas pelliculata Jones et al | List of eukaryotic picoplankton species |
6,464 | Low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (LNLC) regions are aquatic zones that are low in nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, or iron) and consequently have low rate of primary production, as indicated by low chlorophyll concentrations. These regions can be described as oligotrophic, and about 75% of the world's oceans encompass LNLC regions. A majority of LNLC regions are associated with subtropical gyres but are also present in areas of the Mediterranean Sea, and some inland lakes | Low-nutrient, low-chlorophyll region |
6,465 | Marine microorganisms are defined by their habitat as microorganisms living in a marine environment, that is, in the saltwater of a sea or ocean or the brackish water of a coastal estuary. A microorganism (or microbe) is any microscopic living organism or virus, that is too small to see with the unaided human eye without magnification. Microorganisms are very diverse | Marine microorganisms |
6,466 | Marine prokaryotes are marine bacteria and marine archaea. They are defined by their habitat as prokaryotes that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. All cellular life forms can be divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes | Marine prokaryotes |
6,467 | Marine protists are defined by their habitat as protists that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Life originated as marine single-celled prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and later evolved into more complex eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are the more developed life forms known as plants, animals, fungi and protists | Marine protists |
6,468 | Microbial symbiosis in marine animals was not discovered until 1981. In the time following, symbiotic relationships between marine invertebrates and chemoautotrophic bacteria have been found in a variety of ecosystems, ranging from shallow coastal waters to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Symbiosis is a way for marine organisms to find creative ways to survive in a very dynamic environment | Marine microbial symbiosis |
6,469 | Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Viruses are small infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of a host organism, because they need the replication machinery of the host to do so. They can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea | Marine viruses |
6,470 | Meroplankton are a wide variety of aquatic organisms which have both planktonic and benthic stages in their life cycles. Much of the meroplankton consists of larval stages of larger organism. Meroplankton can be contrasted with holoplankton, which are planktonic organisms that stay in the pelagic zone as plankton throughout their entire life cycle | Meroplankton |
6,471 | Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic algae invisible to the naked eye. They are phytoplankton typically found in freshwater and marine systems, living in both the water column and sediment. They are unicellular species which exist individually, or in chains or groups | Microalgae |
6,472 | MOCNESS is the acronym for Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System and is a net system for plankton in the ocean. The system is towed behind a research vessel with a speed of up to 2. 5 knots and consists of five to twenty nets with a mesh size from 64 μm to 3 mm and an area of 0 | MOCNESS |
6,473 | Mycoplankton are saprotrophic members of the plankton communities of marine and freshwater ecosystems. They are composed of filamentous free-living fungi and yeasts that are associated with planktonic particles or phytoplankton. Similar to bacterioplankton, these aquatic fungi play a significant role in heterotrophicmineralization and nutrient cycling | Mycoplankton |
6,474 | Nanophytoplankton are particularly small phytoplankton with sizes between 2 and 20 µm. They are the autotrophic part of nanoplankton. Like other phytoplankton, nanophytoplankton are microscopic organisms that obtain energy through the process of photosynthesis and must therefore live in the upper sunlit layer of ocean or other bodies of water | Nanophytoplankton |
6,475 | An NPZ model is the most basic abstract representation, expressed as a mathematical model, of a pelagic ecosystem which examines the interrelationships between quantities of nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton as time-varying states which depend only on the relative concentrations of the various states at the given time. One goal in pelagic ecology is to understand the interactions among available nutrients (i. e | NPZ model |
6,476 | In aquatic biology, the paradox of the plankton describes the situation in which a limited range of resources supports an unexpectedly wide range of plankton species, apparently flouting the competitive exclusion principle which holds that when two species compete for the same resource, one will be driven to extinction.
Ecological paradox
The paradox of the plankton results from the clash between the observed diversity of plankton and the competitive exclusion principle, also known as Gause's law, which states that, when two species compete for the same resource, ultimately only one will persist and the other will be driven to extinction. Coexistence between two such species is impossible because the dominant one will inevitably deplete the shared resources, thus decimating the inferior population | Paradox of the plankton |
6,477 | Parasagitta elegans, the elegant arrow worm, is a small arrow worm in the family Sagittidae, previously named Sagitta elegans
Morphology
Parasagitta elegans (prev. Sagitta elegans). Body of adult animal can grow up to 45 mm, is narrow, firm and opaque (this image: animal very see-through | Parasagitta elegans |
6,478 | The order Pennales is a traditional subdivision of the heterokont algae known as diatoms. The order is named for the shape of the cell walls (or valves or frustules) of pennate diatoms, which are elongated in valve view. The valves may be linear or oval in shape, and usually bear bilaterally symmetrical ornamental patterns | Pennales |
6,479 | Photosynthetic picoplankton or picophytoplankton is the fraction of the phytoplankton performing photosynthesis composed of cells between 0. 2 and 2 µm in size (picoplankton). It is especially important in the central oligotrophic regions of the world oceans that have very low concentration of nutrients | Photosynthetic picoplankton |
6,480 | Phytoplankton () are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems. The name comes from the Greek words φυτόν (phyton), meaning 'plant', and πλαγκτός (planktos), meaning 'wanderer' or 'drifter'. Phytoplankton obtain their energy through photosynthesis, as do trees and other plants on land | Phytoplankton |
6,481 | Picoeukaryotes are picoplanktonic eukaryotic organisms 3. 0 µm or less in size. They are distributed throughout the world's marine and freshwater ecosystems and constitute a significant contribution to autotrophic communities | Picoeukaryote |
6,482 | Picoplankton is the fraction of plankton composed by cells between 0. 2 and 2 μm that can be either prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs and heterotrophs:
photosynthetic
heterotrophic They are prevalent amongst microbial plankton communities of both freshwater and marine ecosystems. They have an important role in making up a significant portion of the total biomass of phytoplankton communities | Picoplankton |
6,483 | Launched in 1889, the Plankton Expedition was the first scientific effort to systematically study marine plankton—small, drifting aquatic organisms. Just as the earlier Challenger Expedition is considered to be the founding expedition of oceanography, the Plankton Expedition played a seminal role in establishing the quantitative and systematic study of plankton in the ocean.
Inspiration and aims
Victor Hensen, a physiologist from the University of Kiel in Germany, first used the word “plankton” in 1887 to refer to those organisms in the ocean that drift with the currents, rather than moving around under their own power | Plankton Expedition |
6,484 | A plankton net is equipment used for collecting samples of plankton in standing bodies of water. It consists of a towing line and bridles, nylon mesh net, and a cod end. Plankton nets are considered one of the oldest, simplest and least expensive methods of sampling plankton | Plankton net |
6,485 | The SCAR Southern Ocean Continuous Plankton Recorder (SO-CPR) Survey was established in 1991 by the Australian Antarctic Division,of Environment, Water Heritage and the Arts, to map the spatial-temporal patterns of zooplankton and then to use the sensitivity of plankton to environmental change as early warning indicators of the health of the Southern Ocean. It also serves as reference for other Southern Ocean and Antarctic monitoring programs.
Several countries collaborate in the survey providing vessels to tow Continuous Plankton Recorders (CPRs) in a near circum-Antarctic survey | SCAR Southern Ocean Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey |
6,486 | The Sheldon spectrum is an observed phenomenon of marine life that demonstrates an inverse correlation between the size of an organism and its abundance in the ocean. The spectrum is named after Ray Sheldon, a marine ecologist at Canada’s Bedford Institute of Oceanography in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia who first reported on this finding in the late 1960s.
The rule observed is that biomass density as a function of logarithmic body mass is approximately constant over many orders of magnitude | Sheldon spectrum |
6,487 | The spring bloom is a strong increase in phytoplankton abundance (i. e. stock) that typically occurs in the early spring and lasts until late spring or early summer | Spring bloom |
6,488 | Thin layers are concentrated aggregations of phytoplankton and zooplankton in coastal and offshore waters that are vertically compressed to thicknesses ranging from several centimeters up to a few meters and are horizontally extensive, sometimes for kilometers. Generally, thin layers have three basic criteria: 1) they must be horizontally and temporally persistent; 2) they must not exceed a critical threshold of vertical thickness; and 3) they must exceed a critical threshold of maximum concentration. The precise values for critical thresholds of thin layers has been debated for a long time due to the vast diversity of plankton, instrumentation, and environmental conditions | Thin layers (oceanography) |
6,489 | A video plankton recorder (VPR) is towed underwater video microscope system, which photographs small to fine-scale structure of plankton, from 50 micrometers and up to a few centimeters in size. A VPR consists of five general components: cameras (with magnifying optics), strobe, additive sensor and flight control, underwater platform and interface software for plankton identification.
Technical aspects
In order to obtain high-quality and low-noise images, charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors are used in the camera system | Video plankton recorder |
6,490 | Zooplankton are the animal component of the planktonic community (the "zoo-" prefix comes from Ancient Greek: ζῷον, romanized: zôion, lit. 'animal'). Plankton are aquatic organisms that are unable to swim effectively against currents | Zooplankton |
6,491 | This article provides a comprehensive list of acupuncture points, locations on the body used in acupuncture, acupressure, and other treatment systems based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
Locations and basis
More than four hundred acupuncture points have been described, with the majority located on one of the twenty main cutaneous and subcutaneous meridians, pathways which run throughout the body and according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) transport qi (氣). Twelve of these major meridians, commonly referred to as "the primary meridians", are bilateral and practitioners associate them with internal organs | List of acupuncture points |
6,492 | Alternative cancer treatment describes any cancer treatment or practice that is not part of the conventional standard of cancer care. These include special diets and exercises, chemicals, herbs, devices, and manual procedures. Most alternative cancer treatments do not have high-quality evidence supporting their use and many have been described as fundamentally pseudoscientific | Alternative cancer treatments |
6,493 | This is a list of human anatomy mnemonics, categorized and alphabetized. For mnemonics in other medical specialties, see this list of medical mnemonics. Made to serve as a rembrance | List of anatomy mnemonics |
6,494 | Antimicrobial peptides are short peptides that possess antimicrobial properties. The female reproductive tract and its tissues produce antimicrobial peptides as part of the immune response. These peptides are able to fight pathogens and at the same time allow the maintenance of the microbiota that are part of the reproductive system in women | List of antimicrobial peptides in the female reproductive tract |
6,495 | Many species of arthropods (insects, arachnids, millipedes and centipedes) can bite or sting human beings. These bites and stings generally occur as a defense mechanism or during normal arthropod feeding. While most cases cause self-limited irritation, medically relevant complications include envenomation, allergic reactions, and transmission of vector-borne diseases | Arthropod bites and stings |
6,496 | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to autism:
Autism – neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social interaction and communication, and involves restricted and repetitive behavior.
What type of thing is autism?
Autism can be described as all of the following:
Disability – may be physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, developmental or some combination of these.
Developmental disability – a term used in the United States and Canada to describe lifelong disabilities attributable to mental or physical impairments, manifested prior to age 18 | Outline of autism |
6,497 | An autoimmune disease is a condition that results from an anomalous response of the immune system, wherein it mistakenly targets and attacks healthy, functioning parts of the body as if they were foreign organisms. It is estimated that there are more than 80 recognized autoimmune diseases, with recent scientific evidence suggesting the existence of potentially more than 100 distinct conditions. Nearly any body part can be involved | Autoimmune disease |
6,498 | This list of notable people with breast cancer includes people who made significant contributions to their chosen field and who were diagnosed with breast cancer at some point in their lives, as confirmed by public information. Diagnosis dates are listed where the information is known. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women after skin cancer | List of people with breast cancer |
6,499 | Cancer mortality rates are determined by the complex relationship of a population's health and lifestyle with their healthcare system. In the United States during 2013–2017, the age-adjusted mortality rate for all types of cancer was 189. 5/100,000 for males, and 135 | List of cancer mortality rates in the United States |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.