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8,800 | Kai Simons (born 24 May 1938) is a Finnish professor of biochemistry and cell biology and physician living and working in Germany. He introduced the concept of lipid rafts, as well as coined the term trans-Golgi network and proposed its role in protein and lipid sorting. The co-founder and co-organizer of EMBO, ELSO, Simons initiated the foundation of MPI-CBG, where he acted as a director (1998–2006) and a group-leader (until 2012) | Kai Simons |
8,801 | Alexander Jacob Varshavsky (Russian: Александр Яковлевич Варшавский; born 8 November 1946) is a Russian-American biochemist, noted for his discovery of the N-end rule of ubiquitination. A native of Moscow, he is currently researching at Caltech.
Varshavsky provided an original approach to killing cancer cells, proffering the idea of a targeted molecular device that could enter a cell, examine it for DNA deletions specific to cancer and killing it if it meets the right profile | Alexander Varshavsky |
8,802 | Stephen Russell Carpenter (born July 5, 1952) is an American lake ecologist who focuses on lake eutrophication which is the over-enrichment of lake ecosystems leading to toxic blooms of micro-organisms and fish kills.
Early life
Born in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, his father, Richard, a chemist, became the Director of the National Academies’ Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, so Carpenter was immersed in science at a young age. In his youth, Carpenter spent his summers on his grandfather’s farm in Missouri | Stephen R. Carpenter |
8,803 | Juan Carlos Castilla Zenobi (Chile 1940) is a marine biologist. He received his PhD from the University of Wales. Since 1965, he has been a faculty member at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile | Juan Carlos Castilla (marine biologist) |
8,804 | Sallie Watson "Penny" Chisholm (born 1947) is an American biological oceanographer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She is an expert in the ecology and evolution of ocean microbes. Her research focuses particularly on the most abundant marine phytoplankton, Prochlorococcus, that she discovered in the 1980s with Rob Olson and other collaborators | Sallie W. Chisholm |
8,805 | Paul Kuykendall Dayton (born April 8, 1941 in Tucson, Arizona) is a biological oceanographer and marine ecologist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Dayton works in benthic ecology, marine conservation, evolution, natural history, and general ecology.
During a 35-year career at Scripps, Dayton has researched coastal Antarctic habitats and the rocky shore habitats of Washington in order to better understand marine ecosystems | Paul K. Dayton |
8,806 | Carlos Manuel Duarte is a marine ecologist conducting research on marine ecosystems globally, from polar to the tropical ocean and from near-shore to deep-sea ecosystems. His research addresses biodiversity in the oceans, the impacts of human activity on marine ecosystems, and the capacity of marine ecosystems to recover from these impacts. He is also interested in transdisciplinary research, collaborating with scientists and engineers across a broad range of fields to solve problems in the marine ecosystem and society | Carlos M. Duarte |
8,807 | Paul Ralph Ehrlich (born May 29, 1932) is an American biologist best known for his pessimistic and inaccurate predictions and warnings about the consequences of population growth and limited resources. Ehrlich became well known for the controversial 1968 book The Population Bomb which he co-authored with his wife Anne H. Ehrlich, in which they famously—and erroneously—stated that "[i]n the 1970s hundreds of millions of people will starve to death in spite of any crash programs embarked upon now | Paul R. Ehrlich |
8,808 | Sandra Lavorel (born 1965 in Lyon) is a French ecologist specializing in functional ecology. She is a research director at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) where she works at the Alpine Ecology Laboratory in Grenoble, France. She has been a member of the French Academy of sciences since 2013 In 2020, she was honoured to be an international member of the National Academy of Sciences | Sandra Lavorel |
8,809 | Sir John Hartley Lawton (born 24 September 1943) is a British ecologist, RSPB Vice President, President (former Chair) of the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, President of The Institution of Environmental Sciences, Chairman of York Museums Trust and President of the York Ornithological Club.
He has previously been a trustee of WWF UK and head of Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and was the last chair of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. In October 2011, he was awarded the RSPB Medal | John Lawton (biologist) |
8,810 | Simon Asher Levin (born April 22, 1941) is an American ecologist and the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the director of the Center for BioComplexity at Princeton University. He specializes in using mathematical modeling and empirical studies in the understanding of macroscopic patterns of ecosystems and biological diversities | Simon A. Levin |
8,811 | Harold A. "Hal" Mooney (born June 1, 1932 in Santa Rosa, California) is an American ecologist and professor in the Department of Biology at Stanford University. He earned his Ph | Harold A. Mooney |
8,812 | Daniel Pauly is a French-born marine biologist, well known for his work in studying human impacts on global fisheries and in 2020 was the most cited fisheries scientist in the world. He is a professor and the project leader of the Sea Around Us Project at the Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries at the University of British Columbia. He also served as Director of the UBC Fisheries Centre from November 2003 to October 2008 | Daniel Pauly |
8,813 | Josep Penuelas or Josep Peñuelas i Reixach (Vic, 1958) is a Catalan ecologist and researcher internationally recognized for his contributions in the fields of ecology and the environment. He was a student of Ramon Margalef.
His research in the field of global ecology requires high levels of interdisciplinarity: global ecology, global change, climate change, pollution, atmosphere-biosphere, biogenic volatile organic compounds, remote sensing, plant ecophysiology, function and structure of plants and terrestrial ecosystems, chemical ecology, ecometabolomics, microbial ecology, macroecology and evolutionary ecology, biogeochemistry with a focus on phosphorus, environmental sustainability, food security, and global health | Josep Penuelas |
8,814 | Robert Eric Ricklefs (born June 6, 1943) is an American ornithologist and ecologist. He was the Curators' Professor of Biology at the University of Missouri, St. Louis from 1996 until August 2019 | Robert Ricklefs |
8,815 | Daniel Simberloff is an American biologist and ecologist. He earned his Ph. D | Daniel Simberloff |
8,816 | George David Tilman (born Titman; July 22, 1949), ForMemRS, is an American ecologist. He is Regents Professor and McKnight Presidential Chair in Ecology at the University of Minnesota, as well as an instructor in Conservation Biology; Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior; and Microbial Ecology. He is director of the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve long-term ecological research station | G. David Tilman |
8,817 | The American Association for Cancer Research gives several annual awards for significant contributions to the field of cancer research.
AACR Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cancer Research
This award recognizes prodigious scientists that have made profound contributions to the field of cancer research.
2018: Joseph R | AACR Awards |
8,818 | The Charles S. Mott Prize was awarded annually by the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation as one of a trio of scientific prizes entirely devoted to cancer research, the other two being the Charles F. Kettering Prize and the Alfred P | Charles S. Mott Prize |
8,819 | The William B. Coley Award for Distinguished Research in Basic and Tumor Immunology is presented annually by the Cancer Research Institute, to scientists who have made outstanding achievements in the fields of basic and tumor immunology and whose work has deepened our understanding of the immune system's response to disease, including cancer.
The first awards were made in 1975 to a group of 16 scientists called the "Founders of Cancer Immunology | William B. Coley Award |
8,820 | The Charles F. Kettering Prize was a US$250,000 award given by the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation for the most outstanding recent contribution to the diagnosis or treatment of cancer.
History
The award was named in honor of Charles F | Kettering Prize |
8,821 | The Leopold Griffuel Prize (Prix Leopold Griffuel) for translational and clinical research is sponsored by the French ARC Foundation for Cancer Research.
The prize is designed to reward the accomplishments of and encourage further research among the world's leading cancer researchers. Past American recipients of the Griffuel Prize include Samuel Broder, former director of the National Cancer Institute; C | Leopold Griffuel Prize |
8,822 | The Robert L. Noble Prize (not to be confused with the Nobel Prize) is awarded each year by the Canadian Cancer Society to researchers whose contributions have led to a significant advance in cancer research. The prize consists of 2,000 Canadian dollars for the researcher receiving the prize, and an additional 20,000 Canadian dollars to further his/her cancer research | Robert L. Noble Prize |
8,823 | The Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research is awarded by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center to recognize cancer researchers who are making significant contributions to the understanding of cancer or are improving the treatment of the disease through basic or clinical research. The prize is awarded biennially to up to three recipients aged 45 or younger, who are selected by a panel of investigators from leading research institutions. Each presents his or her work at a scientific symposium at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, receives a medal and shares a cash award of $150,000 | Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research |
8,824 | The Robert J. And Claire Pasarow Foundation Medical Research Awards were awarded annually for distinguished accomplishment in areas of investigation that included neuropsychiatry, cardiovascular disease, and cancer research. The program ran from 1987 to 2013 | Robert J. and Claire Pasarow Foundation Medical Research Award |
8,825 | The Sjöberg Prize is an award aimed at individuals or research groups that have made significant contributions to cancer research. The prize, which is international, is planned to be awarded annually. It consists of a 100,000 US dollars of free disposal and 900,000 dollars to fund future research making up a total of one million US dollars | Sjöberg Prize |
8,826 | The Alfred P. Sloan Jr. Prize was a $250,000
award given by the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation for outstanding oncological research | Alfred P. Sloan Jr. Prize |
8,827 | The Szent-Györgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research, established by National Foundation for Cancer Research (NFCR) and named in honor of Albert Szent-Györgyi, Nobel laureate and co-founder of NFCR, has been awarded annually since 2006 to outstanding researchers whose scientific achievements have expanded the understanding of cancer and whose vision has moved cancer research in new directions. The Szent-Györgyi Prize honors researchers whose discoveries have made possible new approaches to preventing, diagnosing and/or treating cancer. The Prize recipient is honored at a formal dinner and award ceremony and receives a $25,000 cash prize | Szent-Györgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research |
8,828 | The Lasker Awards have been awarded annually since 1945 to living persons who have made major contributions to medical science or who have performed public service on behalf of medicine. They are administered by the Lasker Foundation, which was founded by Albert Lasker and his wife Mary Woodard Lasker (later a medical research activist). The awards are sometimes referred to as "America's Nobels" | Lasker Award |
8,829 | The Lasker-Bloomberg Public Service Award, known until 2009 as the Mary Woodard Lasker Public Service Award, is awarded by the Lasker Foundation to honor an individual or organization whose public service has profoundly enlarged the possibilities for medical research and the health sciences and their impact on the health of the public. The award, worth $250,000, is presented in odd-numbered years to a winner selected from among policy makers, journalists, philanthropists, advocates, scientists, and public health professionals. It is named after the philanthropists Albert Lasker and Michael R | Lasker-Bloomberg Public Service Award |
8,830 | Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award is one of four annual awards presented by the Lasker Foundation. The Lasker-DeBakey award is given to honor outstanding work for the understanding, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and cure of disease. This award was renamed in 2008 in honor of Michael E | Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award |
8,831 | The Albert Lasker Special Achievement Award is one of the four Lasker Awards given by the Lasker Foundation for medical research in the United States. The first award was given in 1994; it is not awarded every year. In 2008, the award was renamed the Lasker-Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science in honor of Daniel E | Lasker-Koshland Special Achievement Award in Medical Science |
8,832 | Albert Davis Lasker (May 1, 1880 – May 30, 1952) was an American businessman who played a major role in shaping modern advertising. He was raised in Galveston, Texas, where his father was the president of several banks. Moving to Chicago, he became a partner in the advertising firm of Lord & Thomas | Albert Lasker |
8,833 | Mary Woodard Lasker (November 30, 1900 – February 21, 1994) was an American health activist and philanthropist. She worked to raise funds for medical research and founded the Lasker Foundation.
Early life
Mary Woodard was born in Watertown, Wisconsin, the daughter of Sara Johnson Woodard and Frank Elwin Woodard | Mary Lasker |
8,834 | Claire Pomeroy is the president and chief executive officer of the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation. She is a professor emeritus at the University of California Davis. During her academic career, her research focused on HIV/AIDS | Claire Pomeroy |
8,835 | The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine |
8,836 | The Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute is a body at Karolinska Institute which awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It is headquartered in the Nobel Forum on the grounds of the Karolinska Institute campus. Originally the Nobel Assembly was not a formal body but rather the collective of all professors (holders of chairs, i | Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute |
8,837 | The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine is the Nobel Committee responsible for proposing laureates for the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine is appointed by the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet, a body of 50 members at Karolinska Institutet which is formally a separate body not part of the institute itself. It usually consists of Swedish professors of physiology or medical subjects active at Karolinska Institutet, although the Assembly in principle could appoint anyone to the committee | Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine |
8,838 | The Australian Nurse of the Year Award was created to honour and showcase excellence in the nursing profession throughout Australia. It has become recognised as the highest civilian accolade for a nurse in Australia. There were 437,516 nurses registered to practice in Australia in 2021 | Australian Nurse of the Year |
8,839 | The Florence Nightingale Medal is an international award presented to those distinguished in nursing and named after British nurse Florence Nightingale. The medal was established in 1912 by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), following the Eighth International Conference of Red Cross Societies in London in 1907. It is the highest international distinction a nurse can achieve and is awarded to nurses or nursing aides for "exceptional courage and devotion to the wounded, sick or disabled or to civilian victims of a conflict or disaster" or "exemplary services or a creative and pioneering spirit in the areas of public health or nursing education" | Florence Nightingale Medal |
8,840 | The Nursing Service Cross (NSC) is a conspicuous service decoration of the Australian honours and awards system, instituted by Letters Patent on 18 October 1989. The Nursing Service Cross is awarded to medics (enrolled nurses) and nurses (registered nurses) of the Australian Defence Force for outstanding devotion and competency in the performance of nursing duties, or for an act of exceptional dedication in the performance of such duties, in warlike or non-warlike conditions. There have been 28 recipients, and 29 awards, since the Nursing Service Cross was instituted on 18 October 1989 | Nursing Service Cross |
8,841 | The Queen Silvia Nursing Award is a yearly prize for nursing talent that was established by Swedish Care International and Ideella föreningen Forum for Elderly Care. The focus of the Award is to showcase new ideas and innovations stemming from nurses with the expressed mission to raise the quality of care for older adults and people living with dementia.
Every year, nurse and nursing student applicants in the Queen Silvia Nursing Award network have the opportunity to submit their proposals to improve elderly care and dementia care | Queen Silvia Nursing Award |
8,842 | The Red Cross Medal was established on 10 August 1907 by Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg. The medal was presented for outstanding service in charitable civic service and voluntary nursing. It was presented to men and women who had rendered outstanding services in these areas | Red Cross Medal (Oldenburg) |
8,843 | The Royal Red Cross (RRC) is a military decoration awarded in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth for exceptional services in military nursing.
Foundation
The award was established on 27 April 1883 by Queen Victoria, with a single class of Member and first awarded to the founder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale. A second and lower class, Associate, was added during World War I in November 1915 | Royal Red Cross |
8,844 | The Territorial Force War Medal was a campaign medal awarded to members of the British Territorial Force and Territorial Force Nursing Service who served overseas in World War I. It is the rarest of the five British Great War medals.
Award Criteria
The medal was established in April 1920 for award to members of the Territorial Force and Territorial Force Nursing Service who volunteered for service overseas on or before 30 September 1914, and served overseas | Territorial War Medal |
8,845 | The Uniform Advantage/AACN Graduate Nursing Student Academy Scholarship is an award that acknowledges the important role nurses play in the health care system. It was developed based on a commitment to improving access to nursing students enrolled in master's and doctoral programs.
History
In 2015, a company called Uniform Advantage, and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), collaborated to form a new scholarship program for nurses enrolled in master's and doctoral programs | Uniform Advantage and AACN Nursing Scholarship |
8,846 | The John J. Abel Award is an annual award presented by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). The award is given for outstanding research in the field of pharmacology and/or experimental therapeutics; which comes with a $5000 prize, An engraved plaque, and all travel expenses paid to attend the ASPET Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology | John J. Abel Award |
8,847 | Alison Brading (26 February 1939 - 7 January 2011) was a British scientist who studied the physiology and pharmacology of smooth muscle, particularly in the urinary tract.
Education and early life
Alison Brading was born in Bexhill-on-Sea and educated at The Maynard School, Exeter, where she excelled academically and in sport, winning the Victor ludorum. While visiting her parents in Nigeria as a teenager, she acquired poliomyelitis, the side effects of which she lived with throughout her life | Alison Brading |
8,848 | Giles Skey Brindley, FRS (born 30 April 1926) is a British physiologist, musicologist and composer, known for his contributions to the physiology of the retina and colour vision, and treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Medical career
Brindley is perhaps best known for an unusual scientific presentation at the 1983 Las Vegas meeting of the American Urological Association, where he removed his pants to show the audience his chemically induced erection and invited them to inspect it closely. He had injected phenoxybenzamine (using one mL of a mixture of 5 mg of Phenoxybenzamine in 10 mL of saline) into his penis in his hotel room before the presentation | Giles Brindley |
8,849 | Geoffrey Duncan Chisholm, CBE, FRCS, MRCS (30 September 1931 – 10 November 1994) was a New Zealand-born, British urologist. He made extensive advances in renal x-rays. He was also a strong advocate of kidney transplants, promoting the advantages of live donors | Geoffrey Duncan Chisholm |
8,850 | Prokar Dasgupta is an Indian-born British surgeon and academic who is professor of surgery at the surgical academy at King's Health Partners, London, UK. Since 2002, he has been consultant urologist to Guy's Hospital, and in 2009 became the first professor of robotic surgery and urology at King's, and subsequently the chairman of the King's College-Vattikuti Institute of Robotic Surgery.
Early in his career, he was a medical research fellow to Clare Fowler at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen's Square, where they developed an outpatient procedure for treating urinary incontinence in people with an overactive bladder that did not respond to usual medical treatment | Prokar Dasgupta |
8,851 | Cuthbert Esquire Dukes OBE (24 July 1890 – 3 February 1977) was an English physician, pathologist and author, for whom the Dukes classification for colorectal cancer is named.
Career
Dukes was educated at Caterham School. He graduated with an M | Cuthbert Dukes |
8,852 | John M. Fitzpatrick (15 July 1948 – 14 May 2014) was an Irish urologist, emeritus professor of surgery at the University College Dublin School of Medicine & Medical Science and Head of Research at the Irish Cancer Society.
His early childhood was spent in Ballsbridge, Dublin, and he was educated at Gonzaga College where he learnt history and literature from Jesuits, following which he entered the University College Dublin to study medicine | John M. Fitzpatrick |
8,853 | Prof Clare Fowler CBE is a British physician and academic who created the subspecialty of uro-neurology, a medical field that combines urology and neurology. This work was done at the Institute of Neurology, University College London, where she is an emeritus professor.
Early in her career she worked at the Middlesex Hospital and then the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen's Square, London, and carried out research in the field of clinical neurophysiology, looking at how nerves work to control the muscles used to control passing urine, work that formed the basis of Fowler's future contributions to continence issues in people with neurological conditions | Clare Fowler |
8,854 | Harold Horace Hopkins FRS (6 December 1918 – 22 October 1994) was a British physicist. His Wave Theory of Aberrations, (published by Oxford University Press 1950), is central to all modern optical design and provides the mathematical analysis which enables the use of computers to create the wealth of high quality lenses available today. In addition to his theoretical work, his many inventions are in daily use throughout the world | Harold Hopkins (physicist) |
8,855 | Roger Sinclair Kirby FRCS(Urol), FEBU (born November 1950) is a British retired prostate surgeon and professor of urology, researcher, writer on men's health and prostate disease, founding editor of the journal Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases and Trends in Urology and Men's Health and a fundraiser for prostate disease charities, best known for his use of the da Vinci surgical robot for laparoscopic prostatectomy in the treatment of prostate cancer. He is a co-founder and president of the charity The Urology Foundation (TUF), vice-president of the charity Prostate Cancer UK, trustee of the King Edward VII's Hospital and as of 2020 is president of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM), London.
Following his medical education and training at the St John's College, Cambridge and Middlesex Hospital, London, and with a distinction in surgery, he took various surgical posts across England | Roger Kirby |
8,856 | Terence John Millin FRCSI FRCS LRCP (9 January 1903 - 1980) was a British-born Irish urological surgeon, who in 1945, introduced a surgical treatment of benign large prostates using the retropubic prostatectomy, later known as the Millin's prostatectomy, where he approached the prostate from behind the pubic bone and through the prostatic capsule, removing the prostate through the retropubic space and hence avoided cutting into the bladder. It superseded the technique of transvesical prostatectomy used by Peter Freyer, where the prostate was removed through the bladder.
Millin graduated in medicine in 1927 from Trinity College Dublin after also gaining a degree in maths and arts, and representing both his university and Ireland at rugby | Terence Millin |
8,857 | Albert Clifford Morson OBE, (1881 - 5 January 1975), was a surgeon who pioneered radiotherapy treatments for urinary tract cancers. After the First World War, he was appointed assistant surgeon to St Peter's Hospital for stone, with Peter Freyer, and became consultant in 1923. In 1933, he was elected president of the Section of Urology of the Royal Society of Medicine and, in 1947, he became president of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) | Albert Clifford Morson |
8,858 | Sir Eric William Riches, (29 July 1897 – 8 November 1987) was a British surgeon, urologist, and decorated British Army officer. In 1955, he developed a new cystoscope, which was named after him as the Riches Cystoscope, in order to standardise the equipment and its attachments. He gave the Hunterian Oration at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1938 and 1942, and the Bradshaw Lecture in 1962 | Eric Riches |
8,859 | Richard Trevor Turner-Warwick (21 February 1925 – 19 September 2020) was a British urologist who was internationally known for his work on the surgical restoration of the structure and function of the genitourinary tract. He introduced video-cysto-urethrography.
After studying medicine at Oriel College, Oxford, where he was president of its boat club during the year that it won The Boat Race, he completed his pre-clinical training at the Middlesex Hospital | Richard Turner-Warwick |
8,860 | Sir David Wallace, KBE, CBE, CMG. , LL. D, FRCSEd | David Wallace (surgeon) |
8,861 | John Ewart Alfred Wickham (10 December 1927 – 26 October 2017) was a British urologist and surgeon, who was a pioneer of keyhole surgery and the autonomous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) robot, foreseeing the subsequent revolution in robotic surgery.
Early life
John Wickham was born on 10 December 1927 to Alfred Wickham and Hilda (née Cummins). Alfred died when John was five years old, which resulted in a move to Littlehampton | John Wickham (urologist) |
8,862 | Sir David Innes Williams (12 June 1919 – 3 May 2013) was a British paediatric urologist.
Early life and education
Williams was born in London on 12 June 1919 and educated at Sherborne School and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He served in the Royal Army Medical Corps from 1945 until 1948, during which time he was appointed Surgical Specialist | David Innes Williams |
8,863 | Sir Michael Francis Addison Woodruff, (3 April 1911 – 10 March 2001) was an English surgeon and scientist principally remembered for his research into organ transplantation. Though born in London, Woodruff spent his youth in Australia, where he earned degrees in electrical engineering and medicine. Having completed his studies shortly after the outbreak of World War II, he joined the Australian Army Medical Corps, but was soon captured by Japanese forces and imprisoned in the Changi Prison Camp | Michael Woodruff |
8,864 | Elso Sterrenberg Barghoorn (June 15, 1915 – January 22, 1984) was an American paleobotanist, called by his student Andrew Knoll, the present Fisher Professor of Natural History at Harvard, "the father of Pre-Cambrian palaeontology. "Barghoorn is best known for discovering in South African rocks fossil evidence of life that is at least 3. 4 billion years old | Elso Barghoorn |
8,865 | Preston Ercelle Cloud, Jr. (September 26, 1912 – January 16, 1991) was an American earth scientist, biogeologist, cosmologist, and paleontologist. He served in the United States Navy (in which he was a bantamweight boxing champion), and led several field explorations of the U | Preston Cloud |
8,866 | Simon Conway Morris (born 1951) is an English palaeontologist, evolutionary biologist, and astrobiologist known for his study of the fossils of the Burgess Shale and the Cambrian explosion. The results of these discoveries were celebrated in Stephen Jay Gould's 1989 book Wonderful Life. Conway Morris's own book on the subject, The Crucible of Creation (1998), however, is critical of Gould's presentation and interpretation | Simon Conway Morris |
8,867 | Academician Mikhail Aleksandrovich Fedonkin (Russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Федо́нкин; born June 19, 1946) is a Russian paleontologist specializing in documentation of the earliest animals' body fossils, tracks, and trails. He has also described numerous Vendian-aged fossils including Hiemalora, Cephalonega, and Nimbia occlusa.
Early life
Fedonkin was born in Orekhovo-Zuevo, Moscow Region, Russia | Mikhail Fedonkin |
8,868 | John P. Grotzinger is the Fletcher Jones Professor of Geology at California Institute of Technology and chair of the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences. His works primarily focus on chemical and physical interactions between life and the environment | John P. Grotzinger |
8,869 | Hans J. Hofmann (3 October 1936, Kiel, Germany – 19 May 2010, Montreal, Quebec, Canada)
was a paleontologist, specializing in the study of Precambrian fossils using computer modelling and image analysis to quantify morphologic attributes. Born in Germany, Hofmann immigrated to Montreal, Quebec, Canada and studied geology at McGill University, where he earned a Ph | Hans J. Hofmann |
8,870 | Andrew Herbert Knoll (born 1951) is the Fisher Research Professor of Natural History and a Research Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University. Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1951, Andrew Knoll graduated from Lehigh University with a Bachelor of Arts in 1973 and received his Ph. D | Andrew H. Knoll |
8,871 | Allison Ralph (Pete) Palmer (January 9, 1927 – October 24, 2022) was an American paleontologist and geologist. His work focused on the Cambrian period. He had a career of nearly fifty years as a geologist with the United States Geological Survey and universities | Allison R. Palmer |
8,872 | Franco Dino Rasetti (August 10, 1901 – December 5, 2001) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist, paleontologist and botanist. Together with Enrico Fermi, he discovered key processes leading to nuclear fission. Rasetti refused to work on the Manhattan Project on moral grounds | Franco Rasetti |
8,873 | Charles David White (July 1, 1862 – February 7, 1935), who normally went by his middle name, was an American geologist, born in Palmyra, New York.
He graduated from Cornell University in 1886, and in 1889 became a member of the United States Geological Survey. Eventually, he rose to be chief geologist | David White (geologist) |
8,874 | Paraquat (trivial name; ), or N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (systematic name), also known as methyl viologen, is an organic compound with the chemical formula [(C6H7N)2]Cl2. It is classified as a viologen, a family of redox-active heterocycles of similar structure. This salt is one of the most widely used herbicides | Paraquat |
8,875 | Amikacin is an antibiotic medication used for a number of bacterial infections. This includes joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections. It is also used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis | Amikacin |
8,876 | Bedaquiline, sold under the brand name Sirturo, is a medication used to treat active tuberculosis. Specifically, it is used to treat multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) along with other medications for tuberculosis. It is used by mouth | Bedaquiline |
8,877 | Capreomycin is an antibiotic which is given in combination with other antibiotics for the treatment of tuberculosis. Specifically it is a second line treatment used for active drug resistant tuberculosis. It is given by injection into a vein or muscle | Capreomycin |
8,878 | Cycloserine, sold under the brand name Seromycin, is a GABA transaminase inhibitor and an antibiotic, used to treat tuberculosis. Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, for active drug resistant tuberculosis. It is given by mouth | Cycloserine |
8,879 | Delamanid, sold under the brand name Deltyba, is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, for active multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. It is taken by mouth | Delamanid |
8,880 | Diaryl quinolines (DARQs) are a chemical class of drugs that treat tuberculosis. They target subunit c of mycobacterial ATP synthase, inhibiting the enzyme so mycobacterium tuberculosis cannot synthesise ATP. This effectively kills the bacteria | Diarylquinoline |
8,881 | Ethambutol (EMB, E) is a medication primarily used to treat tuberculosis. It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis medications, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. It may also be used to treat Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium kansasii | Ethambutol |
8,882 | Ethambutol/isoniazid is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat tuberculosis. It is a fixed dose combination of ethambutol and isoniazid. It is used along with other antituberculosis medication | Ethambutol/isoniazid |
8,883 | Ethionamide is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis. Specifically it is used, along with other antituberculosis medications, to treat active multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. It is no longer recommended for leprosy | Ethionamide |
8,884 | Furonazide is a crystalline tuberculostatic drug substance with a reported melting point of 199-201. 5 °C.
Synthesis
Furonazide was first prepared in 1955 by Miyatake from isoniazid and 2-Acetylfuran by refluxing in ethanol, followed by filtration of the crystalline product | Furonazide |
8,885 | Gatifloxacin (brand names Gatiflo, Tequin, and Zymar) is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
It was patented in 1986 and approved for medical use in 1999.
Side effects
A Canadian study published in the New England Journal of Medicine in March 2006, claimed that Tequin can have significant side effects including dysglycemia | Gatifloxacin |
8,886 | Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis. For active tuberculosis, it is often used together with rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and either streptomycin or ethambutol. For latent tuberculosis, it is often used alone | Isoniazid |
8,887 | Kanamycin A, often referred to simply as kanamycin, is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis. It is not a first line treatment. It is used by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle | Kanamycin A |
8,888 | Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The main uses are infections of the skin and pneumonia although it may be used for a variety of other infections including drug-resistant tuberculosis | Linezolid |
8,889 | Methaniazide, brand name Neotizide among others, is an antibiotic which was used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It is a derivative of methanesulfonic acid and isoniazid, which is also an antituberculosis drug but has comparatively been far more widely known and used. Isoniazid is a prodrug of isonicotinic acid, and acetylisoniazid, a metabolite of isoniazid, is a metabolic intermediate through which most of the isonicotinic acid is formed | Methaniazide |
8,890 | Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, tuberculosis, and sinusitis. It can be given by mouth, by injection into a vein, and as an eye drop. Common side effects include diarrhea, dizziness, and headache | Moxifloxacin |
8,891 | Pretomanid is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis affecting the lungs. It is generally used together with bedaquiline and linezolid. It is taken by mouth | Pretomanid |
8,892 | Pyrazinamide is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. For active tuberculosis, it is often used with rifampicin, isoniazid, and either streptomycin or ethambutol. It is not generally recommended for the treatment of latent tuberculosis | Pyrazinamide |
8,893 | Rifabutin (Rfb) is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and prevent and treat Mycobacterium avium complex. It is typically only used in those who cannot tolerate rifampin such as people with HIV/AIDS on antiretrovirals. For active tuberculosis it is used with other antimycobacterial medications | Rifabutin |
8,894 | Rifalazil (also known as KRM-1648 and AMI-1648) is an antibiotic substance that kills bacterial cells by blocking off the β-subunit in RNA polymerase. Rifalazil is used as a treatment for many different diseases. The most common are Chlamydia infection, Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD), and tuberculosis (TB) | Rifalazil |
8,895 | Rifampicin, also known as rifampin, is an ansamycin antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium avium complex, leprosy, and Legionnaires’ disease. It is almost always used together with other antibiotics with two notable exceptions: when given as a "preferred treatment that is strongly recommended" for latent TB infection; and when used as post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcal disease in people who have been exposed to those bacteria. Before treating a person for a long period of time, measurements of liver enzymes and blood counts are recommended | Rifampicin |
8,896 | Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, also known as rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, and sold under the trade name Rifater, is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. It is a fixed dose combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. It is used either by itself or along with other antituberculosis medication | Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide |
8,897 | SQ109 is a drug undergoing development for treatment of tuberculosis.
Background
On October 16, 2007, it was given the status of Orphan drug by the U. S | SQ109 |
8,898 | Streptomycin is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, endocarditis, brucellosis, Burkholderia infection, plague, tularemia, and rat bite fever. For active tuberculosis it is often given together with isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. It is administered by injection into a vein or muscle | Streptomycin |
8,899 | Thioacetazone (INN, BAN), also known as amithiozone (USAN), is an oral antibiotic which is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It has fallen into almost complete disuse due to toxicity and the introduction of improved anti-tuberculosis drugs like isoniazid. The drug has only weak activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is only useful in preventing resistance to more powerful drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin | Thioacetazone |
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