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[ { "id": "24752399_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The role of Mss11 in Candida albicans biofilm formation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ] }, { "id": "24752399_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Candida albicans is an opportunistic human pathogen that can form a biofilm on biotic or inert surfaces such as epithelia and clinical devices. In this study, we examine the formation of C. albicans biofilm by establishing a key gene-centered network based on protein-protein interaction (PPI) and gene expression datasets. Starting from C. albicans Cph1 and Efg1, transcription factors associated with morphogenesis of biofilm formation, a network elucidates the complex cellular process and predicts potential unknown components related to biofilm formation. Subsequently, we analyzed the functions of Mss11 among these identified proteins to test the efficiency of the proposed computational approach. MSS11-deleted mutants were compared with a wild-type strain, indicating that the mutant is defective in forming a mature biofilm and partially attenuates the virulence of C. albicans in an infected mouse model. Finally, a DNA microarray analysis was conducted to identify the potential target genes of C. albicans Mss11. The findings of this study clarify complex gene or protein interaction during the biofilm formation process of C. albicans, supporting the application of a systems biology approach to study fungal pathogenesis." ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 1293 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24752399_5476_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Candida albicans" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5476" } ] }, { "id": "24752399_5476_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Candida albicans" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 73 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5476" } ] }, { "id": "24752399_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 99 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24752399_5476_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "C. albicans" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 255 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5476" } ] }, { "id": "24752399_5476_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "C. albicans" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 406 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5476" } ] }, { "id": "24752399_5476_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "C. albicans" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 944 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5476" } ] }, { "id": "24752399_MESH:D007239_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 959 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "24752399_10090_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 965 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "24752399_5476_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "C. albicans" ], "offsets": [ [ 1064, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5476" } ] }, { "id": "24752399_5476_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "C. albicans" ], "offsets": [ [ 1194, 1205 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5476" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4850330_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A study of urinary 17-ketosteroids in ovarian neoplasms." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ] }, { "id": "4850330_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 57 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4850330_MESH:D015068_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "17-ketosteroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015068" } ] }, { "id": "4850330_MESH:D010051_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ovarian neoplasms" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 55 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010051" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11148867_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Addressing uncertainty in medical cost-effectiveness analysis implications of expected utility maximization for methods to perform sensitivity analysis and the use of cost-effectiveness analysis to set priorities for medical research." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 234 ] ] }, { "id": "11148867_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This paper examines the objectives for performing sensitivity analysis in medical cost-effectiveness analysis and the implications of expected utility maximization for methods to perform such analyses. The analysis suggests specific approaches for optimal decision making under uncertainty and specifying such decisions for subgroups based on the ratio of expected costs to expected benefits, and for valuing research using value of information calculations. Though ideal value of information calculations may be difficult, certain approaches with less stringent data requirements may bound the value of information. These approaches suggest methods by which the vast cost-effectiveness literature may help inform priorities for medical research." ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 981 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4446133_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Roentgeno-urological characteristics of nocturnal enuresis and associated nocturnal enuresis and diurnal urinary incontinence in children]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 140 ] ] }, { "id": "4446133_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 141 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4446133_MESH:D053206_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nocturnal enuresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 59 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D053206" } ] }, { "id": "4446133_MESH:D053206_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nocturnal enuresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 93 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D053206" } ] }, { "id": "4446133_MESH:D014549_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "urinary incontinence" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014549" } ] }, { "id": "4446133_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15241749_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Cholinergic augmentation with donepezil enhances recovery in short-term memory and sustained attention after traumatic brain injury." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 132 ] ] }, { "id": "15241749_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To examine effects of donepezil on short-term memory and sustained attention in postacute patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: A 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial. SETTING: Outpatient clinics in 2 teaching hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen postacute TBI patients with cognitive impairment. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomly assigned to group A or group B. Patients in group A received donepezil for the first 10 weeks and then a placebo for another 10 weeks. The 2 treatment phases were separated by a washout period of 4 weeks. Patients in group B received the preparations in the opposite order. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Short-term memory and sustained attention were assessed by 2 indexes (Auditory Immediate Index [AII], Visual Immediate Index [VII]) of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), at baseline, week 10, and week 24 of the trial. RESULTS: Intragroup comparison of different phases of the trial in both groups showed that donepezil significantly increased the testing scores of the AII and VII, as well as PASAT scores, compared with baseline. There was no significant change in the testing scores between assessment at baseline and the end of the placebo phase in group B. Intergroup comparison at the 10-week assessment showed significantly improved testing scores in group A with donepezil over group B with the placebo. The improved testing scores with donepezil in group A were sustained after the washout period and placebo phase, suggesting a carry-over effect of the medication. CONCLUSIONS: Donepezil increased neuropsychologic testing scores in short-term memory and sustained attention in postacute TBI patients. Cholinergic augmentation may be a viable approach to restore memory and attention after TBI." ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 1970 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000077265_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "donepezil" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 39 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077265" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000070642_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "traumatic brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070642" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000077265_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "donepezil" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 175 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077265" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 242 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000070642_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "traumatic brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 270 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070642" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000070642_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TBI" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 275 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070642" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 378 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PARTICIPANTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 424 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000070642_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TBI" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 448 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070642" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D003072_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cognitive impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 483 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003072" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 507 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 562 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000077265_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "donepezil" ], "offsets": [ [ 583, 592 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077265" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 735 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000077265_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "donepezil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1176, 1185 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077265" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000077265_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "donepezil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1537, 1546 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077265" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000077265_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "donepezil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1611, 1620 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077265" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000077265_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Donepezil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1754, 1763 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077265" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000070642_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TBI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1864, 1867 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070642" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1868, 1876 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15241749_MESH:D000070642_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TBI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1966, 1969 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070642" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29831613_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The Schoolmaster Very Much Abroad." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 34 ] ] }, { "id": "29831613_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 35 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3001728_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Evidence against use of bacterial amino acid sequence data for construction of all-inclusive phylogenetic trees." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 112 ] ] }, { "id": "3001728_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "It has been proposed that phylogenetic trees, intended to show divergence of eukaryotic protein and nucleic acid sequences, be extended to include those from bacteria. However, we have compared the amino acid sequences of 18 of the most divergent mitochondrial cytochromes c with those of 18 bacterial cytochromes c2 and have found that the average percentage difference between these mitochondrial cytochromes c and cytochromes c2 was not significantly greater than that among the cytochromes c2 alone. The large discontinuities in physical-chemical properties recognized between the prokaryote and eukaryote cytochromes render it highly improbable that members of the two classes should be no more different from one another than members of either class alone, assuming that sequence differences can accurately reveal evolutionary divergence. Instead, we propose that divergent amino acid sequences approach a limit of change considerably less than for comparison of random sequences. This limit of change presumably is determined by the structure/function relationship. When two homologous protein sequences have reached such a limit, convergence or back-mutations and parallel mutations become as frequent as divergent mutations. As two diverging proteins approach this steady-state condition, sequence differences no longer reflect the numbers of mutations resulting in amino acid substitution and therefore species cannot be positioned on a phylogenetic tree. Insertions and deletions are less reversible than are amino acid substitutions and, provided they are well-documented, might be more reliable indicators of bacterial relationships. Nevertheless, we suggest that data available on bacterial protein sequences do not permit construction of all-inclusive phylogenetic trees. Comparisons of protein and rRNA trees suggest that similar restrictions apply to use of rRNA sequence data." ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 2007 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31966277_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Postnatal Growth and Vocalization Development in the Long-fingered Bat, Myotis capaccinii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 121 ] ] }, { "id": "31966277_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Robab Mehdizadeh, Hojjat Eghbali, and Mozafar Sharifi (2018) We simultaneously monitored postnatal growth and vocalization development in a free living population of the long-fingered bat, Myotis capaccinii, in a maternity colony in the Mahidasht cave, western Iran. Length of forearm and body mass of 1-day-old neonates averaged 19.59 +- 1.23 mm and 3.59 +- 0.23 g and followed linear pattern of growth at mean growth rates of 0.74 mm/day and 0.15 g/day until 28 days of age, after which is increased slowly. A similar nonlinear growth pattern was found for ten wing characteristics (wingspan, wing area, handwing length, handwing area, armwing length, armwing area, aspect ratio, wing loading, tip length ratio, and tip area ratio). However, postnatal growth followed a two phase linear pattern of increase-decrease for the epiphyseal-phalangeal gap and decrease- increase for wing loading. At birth, infant bats produced low, short frequency sonar and oral calls in isolation before they could open their eyes. Isolation calls obtained at age 1-4 days old from M. capaccinii pups were frequency modulated shallow calls with longer duration (7.54 +- 1.83 ms) and lower peak frequency (20.07 +- 0.89 kHz) compared to adult female calls (2.35 +- 0.75 ms and 54.02 +- 4.34 kHz). During days 12-16, calls began to resemble adult echolocation calls. Duration of calls increased slightly before 7 days old and then gradually decreased. The peak, start and end frequencies of spontaneous calls increased with age. When the juvenile bats started foraging outside the cave, they only omitted nasal FM calls with 1-2 harmonics. Comparing postnatal changes in body and wing characteristics with those of vocalization, we found that the most positive correlation was between body (forearm length and body mass) and wing features (wing area, wingspan, handwing area, armwing area and aspect ratio) and call parameters (peak, start and end frequency), while wing loading had a significant negative correlation with the call parameters." ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 2145 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31966277_109477_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Long-fingered Bat" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "109477" } ] }, { "id": "31966277_109477_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Myotis capaccinii" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "109477" } ] }, { "id": "31966277_109477_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "long-fingered bat" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 309 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "109477" } ] }, { "id": "31966277_109477_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Myotis capaccinii" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "109477" } ] }, { "id": "31966277_109477_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. capaccinii" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "109477" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "688229_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effect of radiation dosage on the synergism between radiation and estrogen in the production of mammary cancer in the rat." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 122 ] ] }, { "id": "688229_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 123 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "688229_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "688229_10116_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30961561_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pattern of skin diseases in children attending a dermatology clinic in a referral hospital in Wolaita Sodo, southern Ethiopia." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 126 ] ] }, { "id": "30961561_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies to determine the pattern of skin diseases among children are important for proper health care planning and management. The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of skin diseases among pediatric patients seen at a dermatology outpatient clinic of Wolaita Sodo Teaching and Referral Hospital, southern Ethiopia. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective hospital-based, cross-sectional study between January 2016 and December 2017 at a teaching and referral hospital dermatology outpatient department. All children younger than 15 years presenting with newly-diagnosed skin diseases were included. Diagnosis was mainly made clinically, with some laboratory support. RESULTS: A total of 1704 children with 1869 new skin diagnoses were included, of whom 139 (8.2%) had more than one disease. Of the children, 52.4% were males and 44.9% within the age-group 5-10 years. Eczematous dermatitis accounted for the largest group (23.9%, n = 447) of skin conditions followed by bacterial infections (21.3%, n = 398), fungal infections (18.8%, n = 351) and infestations (9.9%, n = 185). Seasonal variation was demonstrated, with eczematous conditions and bacterial infections being higher during autumn and winter. CONCLUSION: Overall, eczema, bacterial and fungal infections were the three major pediatric skin diseases occurring among children attending this hospital's outpatient department. There was seasonal variation in some of the skin diseases. This study gives a snapshot of skin disorders presenting to hospital in children in southern Ethiopia and may help to plan dermatology service expansion, educational programs and preventive measures." ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 1811 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30961561_MESH:D012871_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "skin diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 24 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012871" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D012871_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "skin diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 204 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012871" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 219 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D012871_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "skin diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 352 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012871" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 377 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 410 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D008133_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Wolaita Sodo Teaching" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 442 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008133" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 647, 657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 674, 682 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D012871_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "skin diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 737, 750 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012871" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 859, 867 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 965, 973 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D004485_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Eczematous dermatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1035, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004485" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D001424_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1137, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001424" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D009181_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fungal infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1176, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009181" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D017443_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "eczematous conditions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1287, 1308 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017443" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D001424_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1313, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001424" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D004485_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "eczema" ], "offsets": [ [ 1394, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004485" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D009181_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fungal infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1416, 1433 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009181" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D012871_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "skin diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1465, 1478 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012871" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1495, 1503 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1530, 1540 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D012871_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "skin diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1597, 1610 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012871" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_MESH:D012871_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "skin disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 1643, 1657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012871" } ] }, { "id": "30961561_9606_25", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1684, 1692 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30219907_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "An interview with Professor Martin Matzuk." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 42 ] ] }, { "id": "30219907_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 43 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7826141_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Age and sex influences on fall characteristics." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 47 ] ] }, { "id": "7826141_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To investigate age and sex influences on fall characteristics. METHODS: A total of 1243 subjects (517 males and 726 females) aged 50 years and over and drawn from population based sampling frames were invited to complete an interviewer administered questionnaire concerning descriptive characteristics of falls experienced in the previous four months. Information collected included details about the part of the body to strike the ground, direction of the fall, level of trauma and whether or not injury or fracture was sustained. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy two subjects reported a fall in the previous four months. Restricting analysis to the 142 subjects who fell from a standing height or less, females aged 50-64 years were more than twice as likely to fall onto their hand compared with older females (odds ratio (OR) = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8 to 6.2) and at all ages (50+) were more than three times as likely to fall on their hip compared with males (OR = 3.4; 95% CI 1.0 to 11.5). Compared with older males, males aged 50-64 were more likely to fall sideways (OR = 5.1; 95% CI 1.5 to 17.4) and less likely to fall forwards (OR = 0.4; 95% CI 0.1 to 1.1). CONCLUSION: There is a potentially clinically important variation in fall type by age and sex. In particular, this variation might explain patterns of occurrence of hip and Colles' fracture." ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 1432 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7826141_MESH:D014947_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014947" } ] }, { "id": "7826141_MESH:D050723_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "7826141_64399_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hip" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1016 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "64399" } ] }, { "id": "7826141_64399_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hip" ], "offsets": [ [ 1407, 1410 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "64399" } ] }, { "id": "7826141_MESH:D050723_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 1423, 1431 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24058185_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Deep brain stimulation and autonomic control." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 45 ] ] }, { "id": "24058185_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "NEW FINDINGS: What is the topic of this review? This article reviews data from studies on human participants and animal models showing how electrical stimulation in deep brain structures (deep brain stimulation) can influence autonomic function. What advances does it highlight? Focusing on the control of the cardiovascular system and bladder function, it highlights the potential for development of deep brain stimulation as a new treatment option for patients with autonomic dysfunction. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in humans has come of age as a tool to treat movement disorders including Parkinson's disease tremor and dystonia as well as a panoply of other disease states including headache, epilepsy, obesity, eating disorders, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome, addiction and chronic pain. Increasingly, practitioners of DBS are reporting autonomic side effects, which intriguingly, sometimes result in improved autonomic function. Focussing on the effects of stimulation at periaqueductal and periventricular sites on cardiovascular function and control of micturition, this review shows that data obtained from studies in animals is now being confirmed in humans. Lowering of blood pressure and improved baroreflex function can be evoked in humans by DBS at these midbrain sites as well as increased bladder capacity. The findings highlight the tantalizing possibility that DBS could be developed for treatment of dysfunctional autonomic states in humans." ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 1541 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24058185_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 141 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 508 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D009422_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "autonomic dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 535 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009422" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D009069_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "movement disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009069" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D010300_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D014202_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tremor" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 666 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014202" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D004421_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dystonia" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 679 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004421" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D006261_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 735, 743 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D004827_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epilepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 745, 753 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D009765_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 755, 762 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D001068_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "eating disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 780 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001068" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D000275_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 782, 792 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D009771_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obsessive compulsive disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 823 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009771" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D005879_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tourette's syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 844 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005879" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D059350_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chronic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 860, 872 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D059350" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 1242, 1248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 1327, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_MESH:D009461_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dysfunctional" ], "offsets": [ [ 1500, 1513 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009461" } ] }, { "id": "24058185_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 1534, 1540 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13476503_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Ureteral repair and the splint." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 31 ] ] }, { "id": "13476503_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 32 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9945127_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Fundamental absorption edge in mixed single crystals of II-VI compounds." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 72 ] ] }, { "id": "9945127_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 73 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29277845_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Subacute Right Ventricular Perforation by Pacemaker Lead Causing Left-Sided Hemothorax and Epicardial Hematoma." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 111 ] ] }, { "id": "29277845_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We report a case of right ventricular wall perforation by a pacemaker lead in a 78-year-old female 18 days after a permanent pacemaker insertion. This injury necessitated explant of the perforating lead and implantation of a new one with surgical backup. We review the literature and discuss the possible risk and protective factors including lead models that were associated with higher incidence of perforation. We review the traditional pacing parameters and their lack of reliability to diagnose perforation and the need for low threshold to utilize imaging in appropriate clinical scenarios. The authors believe this case is of educational value to all health care professionals, especially emergency medicine and internal medicine residents, who routinely see patients with pacemakers complaining of chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness." ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 964 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29277845_MESH:D006406_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Epicardial Hematoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006406" } ] }, { "id": "29277845_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 878, 886 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29277845_MESH:D002637_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chest pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 918, 928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002637" } ] }, { "id": "29277845_MESH:D004417_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "shortness of breath" ], "offsets": [ [ 930, 949 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004417" } ] }, { "id": "29277845_MESH:D004244_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dizziness" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 963 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004244" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36286640_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Fecal microbiota transplantation: donor selection criteria, storage and preparation of biomaterials (review of current recommendations)]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 138 ] ] }, { "id": "36286640_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Fecal microbiota transplantation is a treatment method based on the introduction of donated fecal material to the recipient in order to restore the damaged composition of the intestinal microbiota. This review summarizes existing data on indications for fecal microbiota transplantation, recommendations for donor selection, processing and storage of donor biomaterial." ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 508 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27757972_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A rare cause of mucositis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 26 ] ] }, { "id": "27757972_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 27 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "27757972_MESH:D052016_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mucositis" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D052016" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6397124_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Developmentally regulated genes in silkmoths." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 45 ] ] }, { "id": "6397124_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 46 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6249305_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Aggregation-induced alterations in human platelet membranes: a spin label study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 80 ] ] }, { "id": "6249305_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 81 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6249305_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 40 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22971862_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Stigma related to tuberculosis among patients attending DOTS clinics of Dharan municipality." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 92 ] ] }, { "id": "22971862_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: The patients suffering from tuberculosis are receiving shame and unfair treatment from the people living around them within their own society attending DOTS clinic of Dharan municipality. OBJECTIVE: To assess the stigma experienced by tuberculosis patients and to find out the association between stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patient and the selected variables (socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profile and illness experience). METHODS: Descriptive Cross Sectional study was done among sixty tuberculosis patients. Stratified random sampling was used to select the main center and sub center of Tuberculosis treatment and population proportionate simple random sampling using lottery method was done. Data was collected using predesigned, pretested performa from Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue developed by World Health Organization. RESULTS: The study revealed that 63.3% of the subjects were stigmatized. There was association between stigma and variables such as occupation, monthly family income and past history of Tuberculosis. There was also association of stigma with treatment phase, category of the patient and past outcome of illness. CONCLUSION: Due to lack of knowledge and awareness about Tuberculosis, many patients were stigmatized. Efforts should be made to educate the public about Tuberculosis to reduce stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patients and improve the compliance of the patient." ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 1538 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22971862_MESH:D014376_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 30 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_MESH:D014376_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_MESH:D014376_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 352 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 361 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_MESH:D014376_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 436 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 444 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_MESH:D014376_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 626 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 635 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_MESH:D014376_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 729 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_MESH:D014376_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1149, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1238, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_MESH:D014376_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1332, 1344 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1351, 1359 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_MESH:D014376_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1429, 1441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_MESH:D014376_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1474, 1486 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1487, 1495 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22971862_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1530, 1537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9457574_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Customized staple fixation in hand and wrist surgery." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 53 ] ] }, { "id": "9457574_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Fixation of small bones in the adult and the child's hands remains a challenge. The authors present a technique of bone fixation using customized staples made intraoperatively from K-wires (0.9-1.6 mm in diameter). Their specific purpose was to provide axial alignment and rotational stability for carpal bone fixation and for epiphysiodesis in phalanges. This technique was used in 14 cases (11 adult and three paediatric). No bone shattering, implant breakage, implant loosening or infection occurred. As K-wires are quite malleable, custom sized and shaped staples which follow the bone contours could be made to give a more exact fixation. All cases had satisfactory outcomes, achieving the preoperative objectives of bony fixation. This method is safe, precise and technically easy. It is also relatively cheap and only requires simple, standard instruments." ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 917 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9457574_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 104 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9457574_MESH:D007239_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 547 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22069808_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Putting the market in its place: food security in three Mapuche communities in southern Chile." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "22069808_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This article analyzes the impact of state policies since the 1970s on household food security in several Mapuche communities in the Araucania region of Chile (Region IX). The author highlights key transformations in the national economy and food system and endeavors to link those to local phenomena, in particular the absorption of the local livelihood strategies and food systems into capitalist markets and the high incidences of food insecurity. The article concludes that a reconceptualization of macroeconomic and indigenous policies are required to rebuild the material and social foundations of rural Mapuche communities that provide the bases from which their inhabitants can reconstruct a mutually beneficial relationship with the broader Chilean society and avert the continued acceleration of tension and violence." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 921 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25791250_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Development of a real-time PCR method coupled with a selective pre-enrichment step for quantification of Morganella morganii and Morganella psychrotolerans in fish products." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 173 ] ] }, { "id": "25791250_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Histamine fish poisoning is common and due to toxic concentrations of histamine often produced by Gram-negative bacteria in fin-fish products with a high content of the free amino acid histidine. The genus Morganella includes two species previously reported to cause incidents of histamine fish poisoning. Morganella morganii and Morganella psychrotolerans are both strong producer of histamine. However, little is known about the occurrence and critical stages for fish contamination with these bacteria. To elucidate contamination routes of Morganella, specific real-time quantitative PCR (RTi qPCR) methods for quantification of M. morganii and M. psychrotolerans have been developed. Selective primers amplified a 110 bp region of the vasD gene for M. psychrotolerans and a 171 bp region of the galactokinase gene for M. morganii. These primer-sets showed high specificity as demonstrated by using purified DNA from 23 other histamine producing bacteria and 26 isolates with no or limited histamine production. The efficiency of the qPCR reactions on artificially contaminated fish samples were 100.8% and 96.3% respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) without enrichment was 4 log CFU/g. A quantitative enrichment step with a selective medium was included and improved the sensitivity of the methods to a LOQ of below 50 CFU/g in seafood. RTi qPCR methods with or without enrichment were evaluated for enumeration of Morganella species in naturally contaminated fresh fish and lightly preserved seafood from Denmark. These new methods will contribute to a better understanding of the occurrence and histamine production by Morganella species in fish products, information that is essential to reduce the unacceptably high frequency of histamine fish poisoning." ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 1946 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25791250_582_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morganella morganii" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 124 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "582" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_368603_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morganella psychrotolerans" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 155 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "368603" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_MESH:D006632_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Histamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 183 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006632" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_MESH:D006632_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 253 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006632" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_MESH:D006639_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006639" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_582_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morganella" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 390 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "582" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_MESH:D006632_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 463 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006632" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_582_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morganella morganii" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 499 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "582" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_368603_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morganella psychrotolerans" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 530 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "368603" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_MESH:D006632_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006632" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_582_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morganella" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 727 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "582" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_582_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. morganii" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 817 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "582" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_368603_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. psychrotolerans" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 840 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "368603" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_368603_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. psychrotolerans" ], "offsets": [ [ 927, 945 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "368603" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_582_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. morganii" ], "offsets": [ [ 996, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "582" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_MESH:D006632_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1103, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006632" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_MESH:D006632_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1167, 1176 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006632" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_582_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morganella" ], "offsets": [ [ 1603, 1613 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "582" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_MESH:D006632_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1785, 1794 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006632" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_582_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Morganella" ], "offsets": [ [ 1809, 1819 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "582" } ] }, { "id": "25791250_MESH:D006632_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1921, 1930 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006632" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1909827_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in naturally infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells: comparison of a standard co-culture technique with a newly developed microculture method." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 196 ] ] }, { "id": "1909827_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 29 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were cultured by two different methods. One was the standard co-culture technique, the other a newly developed microculture method. In this assay 10(6) PBMCs were cultivated in 250 microliters medium, no activating agents or allogeneic cells were present. P24 antigen production measured by this method was found in 7 out of 11 PBMC cultures of patients in the Walter Reed (WR) stage 1 or 2, whereas only 4 samples were positive by the co-culture procedure. Cultures from patients in the later stages of the disease (WR 5/6) showed a higher p24 production by the co-culture method than by the microculture assay. It is assumed that rapidly growing HIV strains can be better assessed by the co-culture method which may select for these strains. P24 expression can be more easily obtained by the microculture technique even in cases where slowly replicating strains may be present. In conclusion, results from the microculture procedure described may be a useful supplementation to findings observed by the co-culture method." ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 1329 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1909827_12721_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human immunodeficiency virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 42 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_12721_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_MESH:D007239_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_MESH:D007239_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_12721_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human immunodeficiency virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 299 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_12721_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 304 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_10959_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "P24" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 565 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10959" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 786 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_10959_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p24" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 850 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10959" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_12721_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 954, 957 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "1909827_10959_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "P24" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1053 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10959" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "935901_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Diet and dermatosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ] }, { "id": "935901_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Diet and medical history of 1,058 physicians and dentists and their wives were analyzed. Five parameters of refined carbohydrate consumption were found to be significantly (p less than 0.010 to less than 0.001) related to the incidence of skin symptoms and signs. Those subjects reporting one or more symptoms and signs (versus none) consumed a significantly greater quantity of refined carbohydrates as measured by each parameter--total calories, calories from refined carbohydrate, percentage of calories from refined carbohydrate, grams of refined carbohydrate, and teaspoonfuls of sugar." ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 612 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "935901_MESH:D012871_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dermatosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 19 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012871" } ] }, { "id": "935901_MESH:D002241_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbohydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002241" } ] }, { "id": "935901_MESH:D051271_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "skin symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 273 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D051271" } ] }, { "id": "935901_MESH:D002241_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbohydrates" ], "offsets": [ [ 408, 421 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002241" } ] }, { "id": "935901_MESH:D002241_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbohydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 503 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002241" } ] }, { "id": "935901_MESH:D002241_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbohydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 553 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002241" } ] }, { "id": "935901_MESH:D002241_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbohydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002241" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23158506_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Critical appraisal of different anthropometric charts to evaluate postnatal growth of preterm infants." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 102 ] ] }, { "id": "23158506_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Preterm infants' survival has greatly increased in the last few decades thanks to the improvement in obstetrical and neonatal care. The correct evaluation of postnatal growth of these babies is nowadays of primary concern, although the definition of their optimal postnatal growth pattern is still controversial. Concerns have also been raised about the strategies to monitor their growth, specifically in relation to the charts used. At present, the charts available in clinical practice are fetal growth charts, neonatal anthropometric charts and postnatal growth charts for term infants. None of these, for different reasons, is suitable to correctly evaluate preterm infant growth. Recently, an international project has recently started aiming to create prescriptive standard for the evaluation of postnatal growth of preterm infants (INTERGROWTH-21st). Alternatively, at present, while specific charts for evaluating preterm infant postnatal growth are lacking, the best compromise is likely to be as follows: from birth to term neonatal anthropometric charts; International longitudinal charts WHO 2006 or CDC 2002 from term to childhood." ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 1248 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23158506_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 101 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23158506_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23158506_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 692 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23158506_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 941 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23158506_MESH:D017887_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "longitudinal" ], "offsets": [ [ 1184, 1196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017887" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21076603_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Node-Negative Breast Cancer: Which Patients Should Be Treated?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 62 ] ] }, { "id": "21076603_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Adjuvant systemic therapy has led to markedly improved outcome in early-stage breast cancer. However, the absolute gains from chemotherapy might be modest in node-negative patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy is the only option for triple-negative breast cancer patients and should be used with trastuzumab in HER2-positive patients. Considering the large group of patients with some degree of endocrine responsiveness, adding chemotherapy according to risk is an option. At present, we guide our therapeutic decisions using clinicopathologic risk classifications like the St. Gallen risk category or Adjuvant! online. A downside of these risk estimations is a low specificity and consequently the risk for overtreatment of a considerable number of patients. To spare patients unnecessary toxicities we need more reliable prognostic factors or tumor markers. From the plethora of tumor markers, only urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and certain multiparameter gene expression assays are recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology. These tumor markers are presently investigated in clinical trials in node-negative breast cancer (NNBC-3, MINDACT, TAILORx). These studies will hopefully allow us to quantify the risk of progression in the individual patient and to tailor treatment accordingly. This should lead to a more personalized treatment recommendation." ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 1482 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21076603_MESH:D001943_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Breast Cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 27 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_MESH:D001943_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 243 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_MESH:D001943_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 319 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_MESH:D000068878_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "trastuzumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000068878" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_2064_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HER2" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 372 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2064" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 390 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 431 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 815 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 834 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_MESH:D064420_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicities" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 857 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_MESH:D009369_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 902, 907 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_MESH:D009369_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 943 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_5328_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "urokinase-type plasminogen activator" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 994 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5328" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_5328_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "uPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 996, 999 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5328" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_5054_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "plasminogen activator inhibitor 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5054" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_5054_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PAI-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1036, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5054" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_MESH:D009369_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1166 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_MESH:D001943_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1238, 1251 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "21076603_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1379 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25009837_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "In the clinic. Low back pain." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 29 ] ] }, { "id": "25009837_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 30 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25009837_MESH:D017116_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Low back pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 28 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017116" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9400697_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Can microwave radiation at high temperatures reduce the toxicity of fibrous crocidolite asbestos?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 97 ] ] }, { "id": "9400697_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Exposure of animals and humans to crocidolite asbestos fibers produces fibrosis and two types of cancers: bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma. It is therefore desirable to reduce toxicity of these fibers without affecting their other characteristics. In this study, commercial crocidolite asbestos fibers were radiated with microwave radiation at different temperatures. Radiated fibers and nonradiated original fibers were then studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy to quantify the amount of ferric and ferrous ions present at structurally different sites in each crocidolite sample. They were also studied for their ability to initiate the peroxidation of linoleic acid to assess the effect of radiation on this process. Results showed that microwave radiation reduced the total Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio. This reduction produced a concomitant decrease in the ability of the radiated samples to peroxidize linoleic acid." ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 1010 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9400697_MESH:D064420_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_MESH:D017638_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "crocidolite asbestos" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017638" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 128 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_MESH:D017638_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "crocidolite asbestos" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 152 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017638" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_MESH:D005355_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005355" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_MESH:D009369_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 226 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_MESH:D008654_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mesothelioma" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 243 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008654" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_MESH:D064420_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 289 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_MESH:D017638_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "crocidolite" ], "offsets": [ [ 379, 390 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017638" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_-_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ferric" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 597 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ferrous" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_MESH:D017638_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "crocidolite" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 674 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017638" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_MESH:D019787_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "linoleic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 756, 769 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019787" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Fe2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 879, 883 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_-_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Fe3+" ], "offsets": [ [ 884, 888 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "9400697_-_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "peroxidize linoleic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 1009 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32094925_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Initial results from a first-in-human gene therapy trial on X-linked retinitis pigmentosa caused by mutations in RPGR." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 118 ] ] }, { "id": "32094925_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Retinal gene therapy has shown great promise in treating retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a primary photoreceptor degeneration that leads to severe sight loss in young people. In the present study, we report the first-in-human phase 1/2, dose-escalation clinical trial for X-linked RP caused by mutations in the RP GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene in 18 patients over up to 6 months of follow-up (https://clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT03116113). The primary outcome of the study was safety, and secondary outcomes included visual acuity, microperimetry and central retinal thickness. Apart from steroid-responsive subretinal inflammation in patients at the higher doses, there were no notable safety concerns after subretinal delivery of an adeno-associated viral vector encoding codon-optimized human RPGR (AAV8-coRPGR), meeting the pre-specified primary endpoint. Visual field improvements beginning at 1 month and maintained to the last point of follow-up were observed in six patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 1092 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32094925_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_MESH:C564481_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "X-linked retinitis pigmentosa" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C564481" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_6103_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RPGR" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6103" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_MESH:C538365_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "retinitis pigmentosa" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C538365" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_MESH:C538365_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "RP" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 200 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C538365" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_MESH:D012162_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "photoreceptor degeneration" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 239 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012162" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 287 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 339 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_MESH:C564481_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "X-linked RP" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C564481" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_6103_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RP GTPase regulator" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 444 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6103" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_6103_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RPGR" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 450 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6103" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 471 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_MESH:D013256_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "steroid" ], "offsets": [ [ 698, 705 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013256" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_MESH:D007249_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "subretinal inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 740 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 752 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 899, 904 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_6103_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "RPGR" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 909 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6103" } ] }, { "id": "32094925_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1091 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12016199_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Recombinant human parathyroid hormone. Preclinical data on rat osteosarcoma were not dismissed." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 95 ] ] }, { "id": "12016199_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 96 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12016199_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 17 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12016199_5741_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "parathyroid hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "12016199_10116_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "12016199_MESH:D012516_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteosarcoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 75 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012516" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "772805_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Chemical and biological properties of hydrosoluble fraction of BCG." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 67 ] ] }, { "id": "772805_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 68 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10944534_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Expression of a catalytically inactive sphingosine kinase mutant blocks agonist-induced sphingosine kinase activation. A dominant-negative sphingosine kinase." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 158 ] ] }, { "id": "10944534_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Sphingosine kinase (SK) catalyzes the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a lipid messenger that plays an important role in a variety of mammalian cell processes, including inhibition of apoptosis and stimulation of cell proliferation. Basal levels of S1P in cells are generally low but can increase rapidly when cells are exposed to various agonists through rapid and transient activation of SK activity. To date, elucidation of the exact signaling pathways affected by these elevated S1P levels has relied on the use of SK inhibitors that are known to have direct effects on other enzymes in the cell. Furthermore, these inhibitors block basal SK activity, which is thought to have a housekeeping function in the cell. To produce a specific inhibitor of SK activation we sought to generate a catalytically inactive, dominant-negative SK. This was accomplished by site-directed mutagenesis of Gly(82) to Asp of the human SK, a residue identified through sequence similarity to the putative catalytic domain of diacylglycerol kinase. This mutant had no detectable SK activity when expressed at high levels in HEK293T cells. Activation of endogenous SK activity by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta, and phorbol esters in HEK293T cells was blocked by expression of this inactive sphingosine kinase (hSK(G82D)). Basal SK activity was unaffected by expression of hSK(G82D). Expression of hSK(G82D) had no effect on TNFalpha-induced activation of protein kinase C and sphingomyelinase activities. Thus, hSK(G82D) acts as a specific dominant-negative SK to block SK activation. This discovery provides a powerful tool for the elucidation of the exact signaling pathways affected by elevated S1P levels following SK activation. To this end we have employed the dominant-negative SK to demonstrate that TNFalpha activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1,2) is dependent on SK activation." ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 2096 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10944534_MESH:C060506_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sphingosine 1-phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 233 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C060506" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_MESH:C060506_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "S1P" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 238 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C060506" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_MESH:D008055_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 313 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_tmVar:p|SUB|G|82|D;HGVS:p.G82D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:7124_4", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "Gly(82) to Asp" ], "offsets": [ [ 1061, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|G|82|D;HGVS:p.G82D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:7124" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_CVCL_0063;NCBITaxID:9606_6", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "HEK293T" ], "offsets": [ [ 1276, 1283 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0063;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_7124_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "tumor necrosis factor-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1331, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_7124_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNFalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_3553_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "interleukin-1beta" ], "offsets": [ [ 1371, 1388 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3553" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_MESH:D010703_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phorbol esters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1394, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010703" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_CVCL_0063;NCBITaxID:9606_11", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "HEK293T" ], "offsets": [ [ 1412, 1419 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0063;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_tmVar:p|SUB|G|82|D;HGVS:p.G82D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:7124_12", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "G82D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1493, 1497 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|G|82|D;HGVS:p.G82D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:7124" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_tmVar:p|SUB|G|82|D;HGVS:p.G82D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:7124_13", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "G82D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1555, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|G|82|D;HGVS:p.G82D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:7124" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_tmVar:p|SUB|G|82|D;HGVS:p.G82D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:7124_14", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "G82D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1580, 1584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|G|82|D;HGVS:p.G82D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:7124" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_7124_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNFalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1603, 1611 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_MESH:D052536_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sphingomyelinase" ], "offsets": [ [ 1655, 1671 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D052536" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_tmVar:p|SUB|G|82|D;HGVS:p.G82D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:7124_17", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "G82D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1694, 1698 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|G|82|D;HGVS:p.G82D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:7124" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_7124_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNFalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1987, 1995 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_5594_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 2010, 2056 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5594" } ] }, { "id": "10944534_5595;5594_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ERK1,2" ], "offsets": [ [ 2058, 2064 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5595;5594" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8050086_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Enhancement of the antineoplastic effect of anticarcinogens on benzo[a]pyrene-treated Wistar rats, in relation to their number and biological activity." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 151 ] ] }, { "id": "8050086_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Naturally occurring anticarcinogens, such as vitamins C and E, and the microelement selenium were found to inhibit the induction of benzo[a]pyrene-induced malignant tumors in Wistar rats to various extends. The antineoplastic effect of the tested anticarcinogens is gradually increased according to the number of inhibitors selected. To date the maximum action against malignancy is manifested by use of the above three inhibitors. In the group of rats receiving vitamins C, E and selenium, the prolongation of life induced by adding more than one anticarcinogen to the treatment regime reached, and in some cases surpassed, the normal life expectancy of the rats. It is expected that by adding even more anticarcinogens, the antineoplastic potency (Ap) of the inhibitors will be further improved. These results encouraged us to conduct a clinical trial in terminal human cancer cases, in conjunction with the usual treatments of surgery or chemotherapy and irradiation." ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 1122 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8050086_MESH:D001564_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "benzo[a]pyrene" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001564" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_10116_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Wistar rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_MESH:D001205_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamins C" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001205" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_MESH:D012643_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "selenium" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 244 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012643" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_MESH:D001564_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "benzo[a]pyrene" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 298 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001564" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_MESH:D009369_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignant tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_10116_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Wistar rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 338 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_MESH:D009369_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignancy" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 531 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_10116_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 604 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamins C, E" ], "offsets": [ [ 615, 628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_MESH:D012643_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "selenium" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012643" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_10116_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 811, 815 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1018, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8050086_MESH:D009369_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1030 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2380051_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The importance of clinical semiotics and instrumental investigations in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of osteoid osteoma. A report of 6 cases." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 149 ] ] }, { "id": "2380051_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The authors emphasize the importance of a complete examination, including history, symptomatology and instrumental tests in the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma (O.O.). This lesion is often difficult to diagnose, particularly at unusual sites. However, by the use of accurate radiography, stratigraphy, bone scan and CAT, a pre-operative accurate diagnosis is usually possible. The authors emphasize the importance of the least invasive surgical approach and the complete removal of the lesion with generous curettage. This is not always easy, as illustrated in the present study, which includes atypical sites, sometimes in delicate anatomical situations. They also illustrate a particular method used for removal." ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 861 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2380051_MESH:D010017_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteoid osteoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010017" } ] }, { "id": "2380051_MESH:D010017_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteoid osteoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010017" } ] }, { "id": "2380051_847_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CAT" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 466 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "847" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27911100_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Mitochondria and Iron: current questions." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ] }, { "id": "27911100_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "INTRODUCTION: Mitochondria are cellular organelles that perform numerous bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and regulatory functions and play a central role in iron metabolism. Extracellular iron is taken up by cells and transported to the mitochondria, where it is utilized for synthesis of cofactors essential to the function of enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, DNA synthesis and repair, and a variety of other cellular processes. Areas covered: This article reviews the trafficking of iron to the mitochondria and normal mitochondrial iron metabolism, including heme synthesis and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Much of our understanding of mitochondrial iron metabolism has been revealed by pathologies that disrupt normal iron metabolism. These conditions affect not only iron metabolism but mitochondrial function and systemic health. Therefore, this article also discusses these pathologies, including conditions of systemic and mitochondrial iron dysregulation as well as cancer. Literature covering these areas was identified via PubMed searches using keywords: Iron, mitochondria, Heme Synthesis, Iron-sulfur Cluster, and Cancer. References cited by publications retrieved using this search strategy were also consulted. Expert commentary: While much has been learned about mitochondrial and its iron, key questions remain. Developing a better understanding of mitochondrial iron and its regulation will be paramount in developing therapies for syndromes that affect mitochondrial iron." ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 1550 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 230 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 545 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 595 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D006418_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "heme" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 622 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006418" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D013455_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sulfur" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 648 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013455" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 716 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 781, 785 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 835 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D009369_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D006418_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Heme" ], "offsets": [ [ 1145, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006418" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D013455_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sulfur" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013455" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D009369_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1360, 1364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1439, 1443 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "27911100_MESH:D007501_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1545, 1549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3811986_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Isoflurane effects in rat hippocampal cortex: a quantitative evaluation of different cellular sites of action." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 110 ] ] }, { "id": "3811986_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In order to evaluate quantitatively the effects of an inhalation anaesthetic on neuronal excitability and on synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, we have examined the action of isoflurane on slices from rat hippocampal cortex. Isoflurane 1.5% (1.38% anaesthetize 50% of tested rats (MAC)) reduced orthodromically evoked activity in pyramidal cells by 62%. This was due to the combined effects on afferent fibres, excitatory synapses and pyramidal cells. The effect on the postsynaptic neurones was almost as strong as the effect on the excitatory synapses: the population spike evoked by a given synaptic current was reduced by 24%, and the field-EPSP in response to a given afferent fibre volley by 27%. The presynaptic fibre volley was reduced by 17%." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 880 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3811986_MESH:D007530_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] }, { "id": "3811986_10116_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "3811986_MESH:D007530_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 314 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] }, { "id": "3811986_10116_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "3811986_MESH:D007530_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007530" } ] }, { "id": "3811986_10116_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17953394_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "From protein-protein complexes to interactomics." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 48 ] ] }, { "id": "17953394_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Protein-protein interactions (or PPIs) are key elements for the normal functioning of a living cell. A large description of the protein interactomics field is given in this review where different aspects will be discussed. We first give an introduction of the different large scale experimental approaches from yeast two-hybrid to mass spectrometry used to discover PPIs and build protein interaction maps. Single PPI validation techniques such as co-immunoprecipitation or fluorescence methods are then presented as they are more and more integrated in global PPI discovery strategy. Data from different experimental sets are compared and an assessment of the different large scale technologies is presented. Bioinformatics tools can also predict with a good accuracy PPIs in silico, PPIs databases are now numerous and topological analysis has led to interesting insights into the nature of network connection. Finally, PPI, as an association of two proteins, has been structurally characterized for many protein complexes and is largely discussed throughout existing examples. The results obtained so far already provide the biologist with a large set of structured data from which knowledge on pathways and associated protein function can be extracted." ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 1305 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7756124_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pachydermoperiostosis: study of epidermal growth factor and steroid receptors." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 78 ] ] }, { "id": "7756124_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Pachydermoperiostosis is a rare osteo-cutaneous disease characterized by hypertrophy of bones and surrounding soft tissues. The cutaneous manifestations include coarsening of facial features, cutis verticis gyrata, digital clubbing, hyperhidrosis and seborrhoea. The pathogenetic mechanism of the disease is still debated, and proposed aetiological factors include genetic influences, anomalies in fibroblast activity, or alteration in peripheral blood flow. We studied a patient with the incomplete form of pachydermoperiostosis, assessing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and sex hormone steroid receptors (SR) in the affected skin, and also evaluating the urinary excretion of EGF. The results showed high levels of nuclear steroid receptors, increased cytosolic oestrogen receptors, and no detectable progesterone and androgen cytosolic receptors. EGF-R was also undetectable, and the urinary excretion of EGF was elevated. These findings suggest that the increased tissue sensitivity to circulating sex-steroids could induce enhanced tissue EGF/transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) production and utilization. The SR-EGF-R system could therefore be involved in determining hypertrophy of the affected tissues." ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 1309 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7756124_MESH:D010004_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pachydermoperiostosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010004" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:D013256_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "steroid" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013256" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:D010004_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pachydermoperiostosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 100 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010004" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:D009261_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteo-cutaneous disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009261" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:D006984_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 163 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006984" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:C535610_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cutis verticis gyrata" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 292 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535610" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:D006945_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperhidrosis and seborrhoea" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 340 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006945" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 558 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:D010004_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pachydermoperiostosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 608 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010004" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_1956_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "epidermal growth factor receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 652 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1956" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_1956_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "EGF-R" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1956" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:D013256_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "steroid" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013256" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_1950_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "EGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 770 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1950" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:D013256_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "steroid" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 821 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013256" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:D011374_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "progesterone" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 904 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011374" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_1956_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "EGF-R" ], "offsets": [ [ 939, 944 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1956" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_1950_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "EGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 997, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1950" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:D013256_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1103 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013256" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_7039_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1171, 1180 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "7756124_MESH:D006984_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1273, 1284 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006984" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30476890_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A combined Arctic-tropical climate pattern controlling the inter-annual climate variability of wintertime PM2.5 over the North China Plain." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 139 ] ] }, { "id": "30476890_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In recent years, the Chinese government has made tremendous efforts to reduce the emissions of atmospheric pollutants throughout the country. An apparent improvement in air quality was observed in Beijing and its adjacent region during the winter of 2017/2018. However, caution should be taken in directly attributing this improvement to air control actions without taking the effects of climate variability into account. Here, we develop a statistical prediction model that can successfully predict the variability of wintertime PM2.5 concentrations observed over these regions. Our analysis indicates that the remarkable decrease in PM2.5 concentrations over the North China Plain (NCP) observed during the winter of 2017/2018 can be largely explained by changes in meteorological conditions. To clarify which climate factors control the inter-annual variability of wintertime PM2.5 pollution over the NCP, we further reconstructed a 30-year time series of wintertime PM2.5 levels over the NCP over the period of 1988-2017 using our statistical model. Through our analysis, we found that the combined Arctic-tropical climate effects related to the ENSO and Arctic warming controlled the inter-annual variability of wintertime PM2.5 over the NCP. Specifically, the rapid warming of the Barents-Kara Sea region enhances the Siberian High and thus plays an important role in improving the air quality over the NCP during the 2017/2018 wintertime. These results help us understand the role of climate variability in modulating air quality, especially its contributions to the winter of 2017/2018. These results may assist in the evaluation of current air control actions and the revision of relevant policy for the future, which are urgently needed for China." ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 1897 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30476890_6395_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Sea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1440, 1443 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6395" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3566533_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Changes of euchromatin/heterochromatin ratios in cell nuclei of the aortic adventitia in diabetic rats." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "3566533_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The main objective of this study was to determine quantitatively euchromatin/heterochromatin (EU/HET) ratios of cell nuclei in the adventitia of 2 weeks streptozotocin induced diabetic rats combined with acridine orange (AO) ultracytochemistry. Specimens of the aorta above and below the orificium of the a. renalis were treated with AO and then prepared for electron microscopy. Images of 295 nuclei randomly selected from 180 ultrathin sections were analysed by a computer assisted image analyser method. The findings that surface areas of euchromatin portions and those of total nuclei are dependent variables (correlation coefficients 0.93-0.99), however, the EU/HET ratios and total surface areas are independent variables are essential prerequisites for an efficient application of this method. Determinations of EU/HET ratios revealed that populations of AO labeled cell nuclei consistently have higher ratios (2.17-3.38) than nuclei not labeled by AO (1.26-2.12). On the basis of 2583 nuclei counted AO positive cell nuclei were found to increase from 12% in control to 23% in diabetic rats. Changing EU/HET ratios are interpreted in terms of differential RNA synthetic activity enhanced in the early diabetic state. For these cells AO serves as a specific nuclear marker." ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 1384 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3566533_MESH:D001018_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aortic adventitia" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 85 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001018" } ] }, { "id": "3566533_MESH:D003920_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "3566533_10116_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "3566533_MESH:D013311_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "streptozotocin" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 271 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013311" } ] }, { "id": "3566533_MESH:D003920_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "3566533_10116_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 293 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "3566533_MESH:D000165_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "acridine orange" ], "offsets": [ [ 308, 323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000165" } ] }, { "id": "3566533_MESH:D000165_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AO" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 327 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000165" } ] }, { "id": "3566533_MESH:D000165_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AO" ], "offsets": [ [ 438, 440 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000165" } ] }, { "id": "3566533_MESH:D003920_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1189, 1197 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "3566533_10116_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1198, 1202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "3566533_MESH:D003920_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1313, 1321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18636200_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Antitumor effect of gefitinib on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma enhanced by trastuzumab." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 95 ] ] }, { "id": "18636200_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The overexpression of EGFR and/or HER-2 is associated with tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, disease progression and poor prognosis in patients with a variety of malignant tumors. Treatment combining the EGFR-targeting drug, gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa) with the HER-2-targeting drug, trastuzumab (Herceptin) has been reported to improve therapeutic efficacy in patients with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the antitumor effect of this combination on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in vitro. Cell proliferation was inhibited significantly in two cell lines. Although IC50 of gefitinib alone against some cell lines was not reached, it was achieved after being combined with trastuzumab. Furthermore, IC50 was lower for the combination than for gefitinib alone in several cell lines. These results suggest that the combination may improve efficacy against HNSCC." ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 1014 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000077156_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "gefitinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077156" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000077195_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neck squamous cell carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077195" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000068878_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "trastuzumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 94 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000068878" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_1956_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "EGFR" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1956" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_2064_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HER-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2064" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D009369_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 155, 160 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 258 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D009369_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignant tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 293 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_1956_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "EGFR" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1956" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000077156_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "gefitinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 349 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077156" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000077156_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ZD1839" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 357 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077156" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000077156_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Iressa" ], "offsets": [ [ 359, 365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077156" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_2064_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HER-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 376, 381 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2064" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000068878_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "trastuzumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 409 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000068878" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000068878_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Herceptin" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 420 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000068878" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 483 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D001943_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 502 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000077195_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neck squamous cell carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 626 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077195" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000077156_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "gefitinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 737 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077156" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000068878_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "trastuzumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 838 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000068878" } ] }, { "id": "18636200_MESH:D000077156_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "gefitinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 897, 906 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077156" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7750512_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Platelet and brain GABA-transaminase and monoamine oxidase activities in patients with complex partial seizures." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 112 ] ] }, { "id": "7750512_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "UNLABELLED: The activities of gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-T) and monoamine oxidase (MAO-A and -B) were measured in blood platelets from 27 patients and hippocampal tissues from eight (GABA-T) and ten (MAO) patients with complex partial seizures. The activity of platelet GABA-T was found to be higher in the epileptic patients (43.37 +/- 13.53 pmol/min/mg protein, P < 0.005) in comparison with that found in 14 healthy volunteer subjects (29.59 +/- 13.14 pmol/min/mg protein). This difference was most pronounced in patients treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) (P < 0.01) and phenytoin (PHT) (P < 0.01). Contrary to the platelets, the activity of GABA-T in the hippocampi from the epileptic patients (6.937 +/- 2.204 nmol/min/mg protein) did not differ significantly from that found in seven non-epileptic control cases (7.158 +/- 0.951 nmol/min/mg protein). The increase in GABA-T activity in the blood platelets from the epileptic patients could not be explained by a direct effect of the antiepileptic compounds, since there were no changes in the activities on exposure to PHT, CBZ or VPA in vitro, either of blood platelets or of brain tissue. With regard to platelet MAO, no difference in the activity was found between the two groups, whereas the MAO-B activity in the hippocampi was significantly higher in the epileptic patients (3.51 +/- 1.32 nmol/mg/mg protein) than in the control cases (1.21 +/- 0.73 nmol/mg/mg protein) (P < 0.0004). There was no difference in MAO-A activity in the hippocampi between epileptic patients and controls. CONCLUSION: In the hippocampi from patients with complex partial seizures the activities of the mitochondrial enzymes GABA-T and MAO-A were similar to those found in control subjects. The activity of MAO-B, however, was significantly higher indicating that there is an increased proportion of reactive astrocytes in epileptic hippocampus." ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 2013 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7750512_18_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GABA-transaminase" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "18" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 81 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D012640_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012640" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_18_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "18" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_18_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GABA-T" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 187 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "18" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_4128;4129_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MAO-A and -B" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 224 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4128;4129" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 275 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_18_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GABA-T" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 318 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "18" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D012640_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 372 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012640" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_18_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GABA-T" ], "offsets": [ [ 399, 405 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "18" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D004827_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epileptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 445 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 454 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 645, 653 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D002220_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbamazepine" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 680 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002220" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D002220_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CBZ" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 685 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002220" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D010672_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phenytoin" ], "offsets": [ [ 702, 711 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010672" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D010672_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PHT" ], "offsets": [ [ 713, 716 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010672" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_18_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GABA-T" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 779 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "18" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D004827_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epileptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 816 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 825 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D004827_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epileptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 931 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_18_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GABA-T" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "18" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D004827_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epileptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1058 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1059, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D010672_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PHT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1203, 1206 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010672" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D002220_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CBZ" ], "offsets": [ [ 1208, 1211 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002220" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D014635_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "VPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1215, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014635" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_4129_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MAO-B" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1385 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4129" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D004827_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epileptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1445, 1454 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_9606_30", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1455, 1463 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_4128_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MAO-A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1601, 1606 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4128" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D004827_32", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epileptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1642, 1651 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_9606_33", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1652, 1660 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1710, 1718 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D012640_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1740, 1748 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012640" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_18_36", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GABA-T" ], "offsets": [ [ 1793, 1799 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "18" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_4128_37", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MAO-A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1804, 1809 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4128" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_4129_38", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MAO-B" ], "offsets": [ [ 1875, 1880 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4129" } ] }, { "id": "7750512_MESH:D004827_39", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epileptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1991, 2000 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10113189_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Financing long term care: factor in access, quality, cost." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "10113189_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 59 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21822282_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "An autoinhibitory helix in the C-terminal region of phospholipase C-beta mediates Galphaq activation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] }, { "id": "21822282_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The enzyme phospholipase C-beta (PLCbeta) is a crucial regulator of intracellular calcium levels whose activity is controlled by heptahelical receptors that couple to members of the Gq family of heterotrimeric G proteins. We have determined atomic structures of two invertebrate homologs of PLCbeta (PLC21) from cephalopod retina and identified a helix from the C-terminal regulatory region that interacts with a conserved surface of the catalytic core of the enzyme. Mutations designed to disrupt the analogous interaction in human PLCbeta3 considerably increase basal activity and diminish stimulation by Galphaq. Galphaq binding requires displacement of the autoinhibitory helix from the catalytic core, thus providing an allosteric mechanism for activation of PLCbeta." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 874 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21822282_2776_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Galphaq" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2776" } ] }, { "id": "21822282_MESH:D002118_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 191 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "21822282_MESH:D019572_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cephalopod retina" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 431 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019572" } ] }, { "id": "21822282_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 629, 634 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21822282_5331_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PLCbeta3" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 643 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5331" } ] }, { "id": "21822282_2776_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Galphaq" ], "offsets": [ [ 709, 716 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2776" } ] }, { "id": "21822282_2776_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Galphaq" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 725 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2776" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12614768_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Retinal angioma in a patient with Cowden disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 49 ] ] }, { "id": "12614768_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: To report a rare case of ocular localization of Cowden disease. DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: A 50-year-old woman with a history of multiple tumors was diagnosed with Cowden disease. A PTEN gene mutation was found. Visual acuity of the left eye had decreased 2 years before diagnosis. RESULTS: Visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/200 in the left eye. Right eye fundus examination showed an epiretinal membrane associated with a peripheral and temporal inferior angiomatous lesion. Treatment consisted of cryoapplication and surgical removal of the epiretinal membrane after central vitrectomy. Although the anatomic result was satisfactory, the patient's visual acuity remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Hamartomatous ocular lesions have been described in Cowden disease. We are unaware, however, of such retinal angiomatous lesions in patients with PTEN gene mutations." ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 939 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12614768_MESH:D006391_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Retinal angioma" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006391" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 28 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_MESH:D006223_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cowden disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006223" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_MESH:D006223_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cowden disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006223" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_MESH:D009369_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 206 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_MESH:D006223_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cowden disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 240 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006223" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_5728_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTEN" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5728" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_MESH:D008577_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "temporal inferior angiomatous lesion" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 550 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008577" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 723 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_MESH:C563621_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hamartomatous ocular lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 801 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C563621" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_MESH:D006223_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cowden disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 839 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006223" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_MESH:D008577_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "retinal angiomatous lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 901 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008577" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 913 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12614768_5728_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTEN" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 923 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5728" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29521890_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Neuroanesthesiology Update." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 27 ] ] }, { "id": "29521890_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We provide a synopsis of innovative research, recurring themes, and novel experimental findings pertinent to the care of neurosurgical patients and critically ill patients with neurological diseases. We cover the following broad topics: general neurosurgery, spine surgery, stroke, traumatic brain injury, monitoring, and anesthetic neurotoxicity." ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 375 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29521890_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29521890_MESH:D016638_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "critically ill" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016638" } ] }, { "id": "29521890_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29521890_MESH:D020271_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurological diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 226 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020271" } ] }, { "id": "29521890_MESH:D020521_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 308 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "29521890_MESH:D000070642_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "traumatic brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 332 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070642" } ] }, { "id": "29521890_MESH:D020258_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 374 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020258" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32528950_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Ran GTPase: A Key Player in Tumor Progression and Metastasis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] }, { "id": "32528950_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Ran (Ras-related nuclear protein) GTPase is a member of the Ras superfamily. Like all the GTPases, Ran cycles between an active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) state. However, Ran lacks the CAAX motif at its C-terminus, a feature of other small GTPases that ensures a plasma membrane localization, and largely traffics between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Ran regulates nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of molecules through the nuclear pore complex and controls cell cycle progression through the regulation of microtubule polymerization and mitotic spindle formation. The disruption of Ran expression has been linked to cancer at different levels - from cancer initiation to metastasis. In the present review, we discuss the contribution of Ran in the acquisition of three hallmarks of cancer, namely, proliferative signaling, resistance to apoptosis, and invasion/metastasis, and highlight its prognostic value in cancer patients. In addition, we discuss the use of this GTPase as a therapeutic target in cancer." ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 1079 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32528950_5901_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ran" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5901" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_5901_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ran" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 65 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5901" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_5901_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ras-related nuclear protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 94 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5901" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_5901_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ran" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5901" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_MESH:D006160_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006160" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_MESH:D006153_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GDP" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 219 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006153" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_5901_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ran" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 246 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5901" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_5901_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ran" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 428 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5901" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_5901_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ran" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 655 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5901" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_MESH:D009369_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 692 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_MESH:D009369_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 720, 726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_5901_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ran" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 810 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5901" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_MESH:D009369_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hallmarks of cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 858 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_MESH:D009369_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 987 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 996 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32528950_MESH:D009369_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1078 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8220961_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Case report: staghorn calculus complicated by psoas abscess presenting as flank mass in a teenager." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 99 ] ] }, { "id": "8220961_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 100 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8220961_MESH:D002137_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "calculus" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 30 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002137" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28331253_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Content of Food Advertising for Young Adolescents on Television." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 64 ] ] }, { "id": "28331253_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Food related advertisements on television may have a major influence on the dietary habits and obesity among young adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency and typology of food advertisements on most popular television channels, watched by school-going young adolescents in Delhi. METHODOLOGY: Biphasic study to (a) identify the three television channels most frequently watched by administering a questionnaire to 400 school going young adolescents; and (b) view each of these channels for 2 hours per day for 6 days each, and observe the content of advertisements related to foods, beverages, and food outlets. RESULTS: Four hundred and three food related advertisements were viewed over 36 hour on Discovery, MTV and Disney Channels. Among 235 food related advertisements 163 (69.3%) pertained to candies, chocolates and confectionary and 35 (14.8%) to salty snacks. Sugar sweetened soft drinks contributed 90 of 106 (85%) of beverage advertisements. Of 62 advertisements related to food outlets, 59 were of fast food joints. CONCLUSION: Majority of food advertising content on television most commonly watched by young adolescents is related to unhealthy foods and beverages, igh in energy and low in micronutrient content." ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 1313 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28331253_MESH:D009765_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "28331253_MESH:D000855_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "food joints" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000855" } ] }, { "id": "28331253_3492_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "igh" ], "offsets": [ [ 1266, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3492" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12942724_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Lactoferrin assay in urethritis and urethral prostatitis]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 59 ] ] }, { "id": "12942724_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "An immunochemical study of prostatic secretions in 97 patients with urethritis and urethroprostatitis has detected a significant rise of lactoferrin level in mixed infections (trichomonads + chlamydia and trichomonads + uroplasma--17 patients) versus control (14 healthy males) and group as a whole. In the control group a mean lactoferrin level was 51.2 +/- 8.4 mg/l (12 mg/l-67.3 mg/l), in the group as a whole 106 +/- 41.5 mg/l (19.5 mg/l to 334.8 mg/l) in patients with mixed infection 221.25 (102.9 mg/l to 334.8 mg/l). The assessment of diagnostic significance of the immunochemical test for lactoferrin in detection of mixed infections in urethritis and urethroprostatitis has shown that in threshold level of 150 mg/l the test's specificity was 87.5%, sensitivity 94.1%, effectiveness 88.65%, prognostic value of positive result 61.5%, of negative result 98.59%; in threshold level 200 mg/l the respective values were 100, 52.9, 91.75, 100 and 90.9%. Practical application of the proposed immunochemical test in detection of mono- and mixed infection is discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 1132 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12942724_MESH:D014526_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "urethritis and urethral prostatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 57 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014526" } ] }, { "id": "12942724_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12942724_MESH:D014526_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "urethritis and urethroprostatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014526" } ] }, { "id": "12942724_MESH:D007239_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 224, 234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "12942724_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 294, 302 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12942724_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 528 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12942724_MESH:D007239_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "12942724_MESH:D007239_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 692, 702 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "12942724_MESH:D014526_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "urethritis and urethroprostatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 739 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014526" } ] }, { "id": "12942724_MESH:D007239_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1109, 1118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17624396_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Free chlorine demand and cell survival of microbial suspensions." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 64 ] ] }, { "id": "17624396_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The utility of chlorine residual and chlorine demand as a surrogate for microbial contamination in the water distribution system was evaluated. The chlorine demanded by and cell survival of pure culture suspensions of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Mycobacterium aurum were quantified in solutions with initial free chlorine concentrations of 0.20, 0.40, and 0.80 mg/L. The chlorine demand increased with initial concentration of cells and free chlorine for all species. At equivalent initial cell concentrations, chlorine demand was greatest for M. aurum, followed by S. epidermidis and E. coli. The chlorine contact time required for a 3-log inactivation of E. coli, S. epidermidis, and M. aurum was calculated as 0.032+/-0.009, 0.221+/-0.080, and 42.9+/-2.71 mg min/L, respectively. The ultimate chlorine demand and cell survival were directly proportional. No chlorine demand was observed at cell concentrations less than 10(5)CFU/mL for E. coli or 10(4)CFU/mL for S. epidermidis. M. aurum demanded chlorine at all initial cell concentrations including 10(3)CFU/mL, which was the detection limit of the cell quantification assay. Chlorine demand was determined to be a suitable surrogate indicator of the organisms studied and its utility may be enhanced in locations of the water distribution system that maintain a higher free chlorine residual." ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 1435 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 13 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 88 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D014867_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 221 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_562_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 299 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_1282_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Staphylococcus epidermidis" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 327 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1282" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_1791_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mycobacterium aurum" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 352 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1791" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_21832_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "L" ], "offsets": [ [ 451, 452 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "21832" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 466 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 606 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_1791_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. aurum" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 639 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1791" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_1282_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "S. epidermidis" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 667 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1282" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_562_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 672, 679 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 693 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_562_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 751 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_1282_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "S. epidermidis" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 767 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1282" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_1791_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. aurum" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 781 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1791" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_21832_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "L" ], "offsets": [ [ 853, 854 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "21832" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 891 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 956 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_21832_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1019, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "21832" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_562_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 1026, 1033 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_21832_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "21832" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_1282_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "S. epidermidis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1053, 1067 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1282" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_1791_27", "type": "Species", "text": [ "M. aurum" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1077 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1791" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1087, 1095 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_21832_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1152 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "21832" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1218, 1226 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D014867_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 1363, 1368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "17624396_MESH:D002713_32", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1417, 1425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002713" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27429552_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Closing the Loop: Facilitating the Use of Autopsy Information in Medical Decision Making and Managed Care." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 106 ] ] }, { "id": "27429552_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This paper advances the somewhat paradoxical hypothesis that the emergence of managed care which threatens to accelerate the decline of the autopsy may, in fact, offer an opportunity for its re-emergence as an important tool of quality and cost control. A simplified autopsy-based management information structure is proposed to close the loop where information currently gleaned from the autopsy is frequently unused or underutilized in medical decision making and managed care." ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 586 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33340686_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Sit-to-stand muscle power test: Comparison between estimated and force plate-derived mechanical power and their association with physical function in older adults." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 163 ] ] }, { "id": "33340686_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVES: This study aimed i) to assess the assumptions made in the sit-to-stand (STS) muscle power test [body mass accelerated during the ascending phase (90% of total body mass), leg length (50% of total body height) and concentric phase (50% of total STS time)], ii) to compare force plate-derived (FPD) STS power values with those derived from the STS muscle power test; and iii) to analyze the relationships of both measurements with physical function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty community-dwelling older adults (71.3 +- 4.4 years) participated in the present investigation. FPD STS power was calculated as the product of measured force (force platform) and velocity [difference between leg length (DXA scan) and chair height, divided by time (obtained from FPD data and video analysis)], and compared to estimated STS power using the STS muscle power test. Physical function was assessed by the timed-up-and-go (TUG) velocity, habitual gait speed (HGS) and maximal gait speed (MGS). Paired t-tests, Bland-Altman plots and regressions analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Body mass accelerated during the STS phase was 85.1 +- 3.8% (p < 0.05; compared to assumed 90%), leg length was 50.7 +- 1.3% of body height (p < 0.05; compared to 50%), and measured concentric time was 50.3 +- 4.6% of one STS repetition (p > 0.05; compared to assumed 50%). There were no significant differences between FPD and estimated STS power values (mean difference [95% CI] = 6.4 W [-68.5 to 81.6 W]; p = 0.251). Both FPD and estimated relative (i.e. normalized to body mass) STS power were significantly related to each other (r = 0.95 and ICC = 0.95; p < 0.05) and to MGS and TUG velocity after adjusting for age and sex (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Estimated STS power was not different from FPD STS power and both measures were strongly related to each other and to maximal physical performance." ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 2043 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8311109_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Simultaneous interphase cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence immunophenotyping of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Implications for histopathogenesis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 151 ] ] }, { "id": "8311109_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Cytogenetic analysis of four specimens (biopsy, definitive surgical, and two separately occurring lung metastases) of a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with a rhabdomyosarcomatous component revealed clonal karyotypic abnormalities in each. Anomalies seen in all specimens included a structurally aberrant chromosome 17 and extra copies of chromosomes 5, 7, 12, and 20. The derivation of the chromosomally abnormal cells was determined by a combined immunocytochemical/cytogenetic approach that allowed simultaneous assessment of cytogenetic aberrations and immunophenotypic features of individual cells. S-100 protein and desmin antibodies were used to evaluate the chondrosarcomatous and rhabdomyosarcomatous components, respectively. A chromosome 7-specific centromeric probe was used for determination of aneuploidy. In both specimens obtained from the primary lesion, S-100 protein and desmin-positive and -negative aneuploid cells were observed. These findings: 1) suggest that both the chondrocytic and rhabdomyoblastic cells arose from the same abnormal clone, 2) support the theory of a common primitive mesenchymal cell progenitor with the ability to differentiate or express features of more than one line of mesenchymal differentiation, and 3) indicate that the term dedifferentiated may be an inaccurate designation for this neoplasm." ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 1498 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8311109_MESH:D002813_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chondrosarcoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 114 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002813" } ] }, { "id": "8311109_MESH:D009362_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 255, 265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009362" } ] }, { "id": "8311109_MESH:D002813_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chondrosarcoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 303 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002813" } ] }, { "id": "8311109_MESH:C565165_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rhabdomyosarcomatous component" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C565165" } ] }, { "id": "8311109_17_4", "type": "Chromosome", "text": [ "chromosome 17" ], "offsets": [ [ 457, 470 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "unknown", "db_id": "17" } ] }, { "id": "8311109_1674_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "desmin" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 780 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1674" } ] }, { "id": "8311109_MESH:C565165_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chondrosarcomatous and rhabdomyosarcomatous components" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 872 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C565165" } ] }, { "id": "8311109_7_7", "type": "Chromosome", "text": [ "chromosome 7" ], "offsets": [ [ 890, 902 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "unknown", "db_id": "7" } ] }, { "id": "8311109_MESH:D000782_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aneuploidy" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 970 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000782" } ] }, { "id": "8311109_1674_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "desmin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1674" } ] }, { "id": "8311109_MESH:D000782_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aneuploid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1081 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000782" } ] }, { "id": "8311109_MESH:D009369_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neoplasm" ], "offsets": [ [ 1489, 1497 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35723454_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "An ultrastable thiolate/diglyme ligated cluster: Au20(PET)15(DG)2." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ] }, { "id": "35723454_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The synthesis and characterization of an Au20(PET)15(DG)2 (PET = phenylethane thiol; DG = diglyme) cluster is reported. Mass spectrometry reveals this as the first diglyme ligated cluster where diglyme ligands survive ionization into the gas phase. Thermal analysis shows the cluster degrades at 156 C, whereas the similar Au20(PET)16 cluster degrades at 125 C, representing markedly increased thermal stability. A combination of NMR spectroscopy and computational modeling suggests that the diglyme molecules bind in a tridentate manner for this cluster, resulting in a binding energy of 35.2 kcal mol-1 for diglyme, which is comparable to the value of ~40 kcal mol-1 for thiolates. IR and optical spectroscopies show no evidence of assembly of this cluster, in contrast to Au20(PET)15(DG), which readily assembles into dimeric species, which is consistent with a tridentate binding motif. Evidence for stacking among Au-bound and non-bound diglyme molecules is inferred from thermal and mass analysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 1072 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35723454_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thiolate" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 23 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "35723454_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phenylethane thiol" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "35723454_MESH:C007391_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "diglyme" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007391" } ] }, { "id": "35723454_MESH:C007391_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "diglyme" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007391" } ] }, { "id": "35723454_MESH:C007391_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "diglyme" ], "offsets": [ [ 678, 685 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007391" } ] }, { "id": "35723454_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thiolates" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 751 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "35723454_MESH:D006046_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Au" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 990 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006046" } ] }, { "id": "35723454_MESH:C007391_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "diglyme" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007391" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32907834_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Demystifying AI in healthcare." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 30 ] ] }, { "id": "32907834_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 31 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7486913_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Influence of aspirin on development and treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] }, { "id": "7486913_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Previously, we have shown that a 5-mg/kg of body weight daily dose of aspirin (ASA) caused reductions in the bacterial densities and weights of aortic vegetations in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. We sought to determine (i) whether ASA dosage influences the development of vegetations and (ii) whether ASA given with antimicrobial therapy improves the treatment outcome of infective endocarditis. To study the influence of ASA dosage, animals received either no ASA (control) or oral doses of 2.5, 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg daily. The 2.5- and 10-mg/kg groups had statistically significant reductions in vegetation weight compared with untreated controls. The 10-mg/kg dose also resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial densities compared with those of the controls. Although reductions in weight and bacterial density were observed in other ASA-treated groups, these did not achieve statistical significance. To study the influence of ASA and antimicrobial therapy, the animals received either vancomycin alone or vancomycin with ASA. When ASA was given prior to and during antimicrobial therapy, a significant reduction in vegetation weight was observed. Additionally, the rate of sterilization was directly proportional to this observed reduction in weight. ASA's impact on the reduction of both the bacterial density and the weight of aortic vegetations is a dose-dependent phenomenon. When given with antimicrobial therapy, ASA not only reduces vegetation weight but also improves the rate of sterilization. This study provides additional data regarding the role of ASA in the treatment of endocarditis." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 1735 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 20 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D004696_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aureus endocarditis" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 100 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004696" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "aspirin" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 184 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D004696_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aureus endocarditis" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 320 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004696" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 360 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D004696_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infective endocarditis" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004696" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 551 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 590 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 972 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1066 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D014640_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vancomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1122, 1132 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014640" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D014640_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vancomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1142, 1152 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014640" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1168, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1388, 1391 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1556, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D001241_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ASA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1698, 1701 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001241" } ] }, { "id": "7486913_MESH:D004696_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "endocarditis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1722, 1734 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004696" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23093746_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "X-ray absorption spectroscopy at a protein crystallography facility: the Canadian Light Source beamline 08B1-1." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 111 ] ] }, { "id": "23093746_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "It is now possible to perform X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) on metalloprotein crystals at the Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility bend magnet (CMCF-BM) beamline (08B1-1) at the Canadian Light Source. The recent addition of a four-element fluorescence detector allows users to acquire data suitable for X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure based studies by monitoring fluorescence. CMCF beamline users who wish to supplement their diffraction data with XAS can do so with virtually no additional sample preparation. XAS data collection is integrated with the established Mx Data Collector software package used to collect diffraction data. Mainstream XAS data-processing software packages are available for the users; assistance with data processing and interpretation by staff is also available upon request." ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 984 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24692825_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pharmacotherapy for atrial fibrillation in elderly hospitalized patients with comorbid congestive heart failure in australia: A retrospective study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 148 ] ] }, { "id": "24692825_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Despite the proven effectiveness of antiplatelet and anticoagulation treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), their use has been suboptimal in practice, particularly in rural areas of Australia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe medication use in the management of AF in elderly hospitalized patients with comorbid congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS: The hospital records of patients with a diagnosis of AF and CHF were reviewed in a rural Australian medical center. All the patients were hospitalized because of significant systolic ventricular dysfunction. The collected data included age, sex, weight, presenting symptoms of AF, and principle diagnosis on admission; medical history; and history of smoking and alcohol consumption. Electrocardiogram before hospital discharge was also retrieved from patient's medical records and was analyzed by the investigators. Cardiovascular and noncardiovascular drugs administered during the hospital stay and at discharge were also documented. Comparison of antiarrhythmic and anticoagulant drugs was made between patients who had AF while hospitalized and those who had a history of AF but were in sinus rhythm while hospitalized. When patients had >=2 moderate risk factors (eg, age >=75 years, hypertension, CHF, left ventricular ejection fraction <=35%, diabetes mellitus) or >=1 high risk factor (eg, previous stroke, transient ischemic attack or embolism, mitral valve stenosis, or prosthetic heart valve), they were defined as being eligible for anticoagulation treatment. RESULTS: One hundred forty patients (74 men, 66 women; mean [SD] age, 77.1 [6.9] years; all were white) had a diagnosis of AF and were selected for the study. Of these, 92 patients (65.7%) (47 women, 45 men; mean [SD] age, 77.4 [9-2] years) had continuous AF and 48 patients (34.3%) (29 men, 19 women; mean [SD] age, 76.3 [12.4] years) had a history of AF but were in sinus rhythm at admission and discharge. The most commonly used antiarrhythmic drug was digoxin, which was prescribed significantly more frequently in the AF group than in the history of AF group (50 (54.3%] vs 14 [29.2%]; P < 0.01). Amiodarone was prescribed significantly less frequently in the continuous AF group than in the group with a history of AF (7 [7.6%] vs 19 [39-6%]; P < 0.01). There was no significant between-group difference in the use of beta-blockers (26 [28.3%] vs 19 [39-6%]), verapamil/diltiazem (9 [9-8%] vs 3 [6.3%]), or Sotalol (2 [2.2%] vs 4 [8.3%]). The mean (SD) resting heart rate for the 140 study patients was 91 (27) bpm. The mean resting heart rate for the patients with AF was significantly higher at admission than at discharge (97 [28] vs 79 [19] bpm; P < 0.01). Of the 110 patients who were eligible for anticoagulation treatment, 64 (58.2%) were prescribed warfarin at discharge. Eligible patients not receiving oral warfarin were significantly older than those who did receive warfarin (79-7 [9-0] vs 75.8 [9.0] years; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In these elderly hospitalized Australian patients with AF and CHF, digoxin, beta-blockers, and amiodarone were the most commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs. Anticoagulation treatment was prescribed in ~60% of these patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 3377 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24692825_MESH:D001281_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atrial fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 39 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D006333_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "congestive heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D001281_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atrial fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 263 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D001281_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 267 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D001281_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 440, 442 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 475 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D006333_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "congestive heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 514 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D006333_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CHF" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 519 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 563 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D001281_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 586 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D006333_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CHF" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 594 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 663 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D018754_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "systolic ventricular dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 705, 737 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018754" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D001281_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 810 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D000438_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 901 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 983, 990 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1238, 1246 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D001281_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1257 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D001281_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1308, 1310 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1361, 1369 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D006973_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1421, 1433 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D006333_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CHF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1435, 1438 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D003920_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1482, 1499 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D020521_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1539, 1545 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D007511_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1557, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D004617_26", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "embolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 1576, 1584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004617" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D008946_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mitral valve stenosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1586, 1607 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008946" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1731, 1739 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_29", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1744, 1747 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_30", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1752, 1757 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D001281_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1827, 1829 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_32", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1876, 1884 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_33", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1897, 1902 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1907, 1910 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D001281_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1960, 1962 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_36", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1970, 1978 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_37", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1991, 1994 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_38", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1999, 2004 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D001281_39", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 2057, 2059 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D004077_40", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2160, 2167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004077" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D000638_41", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 2306, 2316 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000638" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D014700_42", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "verapamil" ], "offsets": [ [ 2570, 2579 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014700" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D004110_43", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "diltiazem" ], "offsets": [ [ 2580, 2589 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004110" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D013015_44", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Sotalol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2617, 2624 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013015" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_45", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2700, 2708 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_46", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2762, 2770 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_47", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2882, 2890 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D014859_48", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2967, 2975 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014859" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_49", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2999, 3007 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D014859_50", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3027, 3035 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014859" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D014859_51", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3088, 3096 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014859" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_52", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 3195, 3203 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D004077_53", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 3221, 3228 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004077" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_MESH:D000638_54", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "amiodarone" ], "offsets": [ [ 3249, 3259 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000638" } ] }, { "id": "24692825_9606_55", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 3368, 3376 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9624821_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Ballpoint ink flakes as indicators of added entries." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ] }, { "id": "9624821_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Examiners were asked to determine if an entry made in a diary had been completed at one time, or if the last sentence of the entry had been added later. Standard non-destructive ink differentiation techniques did not show any differences in the ballpoint pen ink used. Dried flakes of ballpoint pen ink were present in the initial stroke of the questioned sentence, but did not appear elsewhere in the entry. Experiments were undertaken to ascertain if these dried flakes could be attributed to a time delay or some other cause. Experimentation showed that ink flakes occurred only after periods of non-use of the ballpoint pens in the sample. Caution is urged in applying this finding to actual case work." ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 759 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9624821_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pen ink" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 355 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "9624821_MESH:D020521_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 390 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10071319_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Dowling-Degos disease (reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures): a clinical and histopathologic study of 6 cases." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 118 ] ] }, { "id": "10071319_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Few case series describing Dowling-Degos disease (DDD) have been reported. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to review the clinical and histopathologic findings in DDD. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical and histopathologic findings in 6 patients with DDD who were evaluated at the Mayo Clinic. RESULTS: In addition to the typical flexural pigmented reticulate macules, comedo-like lesions on the back or neck or both were present in all 6 patients; 3 patients had pitted perioral scars, and 3 patients reported pruritus of affected flexural areas. Five patients were female, 5 patients had onset of pigmentation before age 24 years, and 3 patients had a family history of DDD. One patient had additional pigmentation involving the dorsum of the hands and proximal nailfolds and fingernail dystrophy. Histopathologically, pigmented rete ridge elongation with thinning of suprapapillary epithelium, dermal melanosis, and perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltration were consistently observed. CONCLUSION: Comedo-like lesions, pruritus, and pitted perioral scars are common features in association with the reticulate flexural pigmentation. Histopathologically, pigmented rete ridge elongation and dermal melanosis of biopsy specimens from flexural areas are seen." ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 1385 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10071319_MESH:C562924_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Dowling-Degos disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562924" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:C562924_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "reticulate pigmented anomaly" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 51 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562924" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:C562924_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Dowling-Degos disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562924" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 369 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_162683_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mayo" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 409 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "162683" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:C566278_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "flexural pigmented reticulate" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 483 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C566278" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:D001416_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "back" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 524 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001416" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 571 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 625 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:D011537_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 643 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011537" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 685 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 709 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:D010859_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pigmentation" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 735 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010859" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 771 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 805, 812 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:D010859_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pigmentation" ], "offsets": [ [ 828, 840 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010859" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:D008268_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dystrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 922 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008268" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:D013736_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pigmented rete ridge elongation" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 976 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013736" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:D008548_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dermal melanosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008548" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:D011537_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1156 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011537" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:C566278_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "reticulate flexural pigmentation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1228, 1260 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C566278" } ] }, { "id": "10071319_MESH:C565110_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pigmented rete ridge elongation and dermal melanosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1283, 1335 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C565110" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6830317_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Two case reports of deaths on industrial premises attributed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 86 ] ] }, { "id": "6830317_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Two fatal poisonings resulting from exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane are described. Each case occurred at a separate workplace where the solvent was used as a degreasing agent. These cases are considered in light of other 1,1,1-trichloroethane poisonings reported to Her Majesty's Factory Inspectorate. Factors common to these and other incidents are discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 449 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6830317_MESH:D003643_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 26 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "6830317_MESH:C024566_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,1,1-trichloroethane" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 85 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C024566" } ] }, { "id": "6830317_MESH:C024566_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,1,1-trichloroethane" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 156 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C024566" } ] }, { "id": "6830317_MESH:C024566_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,1,1-trichloroethane" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 331 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C024566" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25510865_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Transposable element islands facilitate adaptation to novel environments in an invasive species." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 96 ] ] }, { "id": "25510865_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Adaptation requires genetic variation, but founder populations are generally genetically depleted. Here we sequence two populations of an inbred ant that diverge in phenotype to determine how variability is generated. Cardiocondyla obscurior has the smallest of the sequenced ant genomes and its structure suggests a fundamental role of transposable elements (TEs) in adaptive evolution. Accumulations of TEs (TE islands) comprising 7.18% of the genome evolve faster than other regions with regard to single-nucleotide variants, gene/exon duplications and deletions and gene homology. A non-random distribution of gene families, larvae/adult specific gene expression and signs of differential methylation in TE islands indicate intragenomic differences in regulation, evolutionary rates and coalescent effective population size. Our study reveals a tripartite interplay between TEs, life history and adaptation in an invasive species." ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 1031 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25510865_286306_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Cardiocondyla obscurior" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 338 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "286306" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11812918_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Backing into cancer: effects of arsenic on cell differentiation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 64 ] ] }, { "id": "11812918_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 65 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11812918_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 19 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "11812918_MESH:D001151_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arsenic" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 39 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001151" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7121509_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Spinal stabilization in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: rationale and method." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 74 ] ] }, { "id": "7121509_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 75 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7121509_MESH:D020388_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Duchenne muscular dystrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 51 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020388" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22933661_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "J-waves in patients with an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention: prevalence, pathogenesis, and clinical implication." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 181 ] ] }, { "id": "22933661_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "AIMS: The prevalence, clinical significance, and pathogenesis of J-waves were studied in the patients with an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-two consecutive patients with an acute ST-elevation MI were included. The mean age was 68.6 +- 13.5 years, and 78.3% of the patients were male. Following successful PCI, 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were monitored, and J-waves were measured 1 week after the MI and analysed in relation to the location of the MI and arrhythmias. Clinical and ECG parameters were compared between the groups with and without J-waves. The rate dependency of the J-wave amplitude was analysed in the conducted atrial premature beats (APBs). J-waves were present in 60.5% (>=0.1 mV) or 48.9% (>=0.2 mV) of the 152 patients. The J-waves were more often located in the inferior leads and more frequently in an inferior MI. The presence of J-waves was associated with ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation. The J-wave amplitude increased in the conducted APB, mechanistically suggesting a phase 3 block. CONCLUSION: Many patients in the early recovery phase after an acute MI had J-waves. This ECG phenomenon was associated with an increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. The tachycardia-dependent augmentation of the J-wave amplitude suggested a mechanistic role of conduction delay." ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 1618 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22933661_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 19 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_MESH:D009203_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 68 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009203" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 283 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_MESH:D009203_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 326 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009203" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 447 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 547, 555 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_MESH:D001145_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 755 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001145" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1029 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_MESH:D001145_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ventricular arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 1172, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001145" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_MESH:D014693_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ventricular fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014693" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_6051_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "APB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1284 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6051" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1347, 1355 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_MESH:D001145_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ventricular arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 1481, 1504 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001145" } ] }, { "id": "22933661_MESH:D013610_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tachycardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1510, 1521 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013610" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32921118_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Platelet to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer undergoing palliative treatment." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 128 ] ] }, { "id": "32921118_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Our study aims to investigate the level of platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and determine its prognostic value in patients with advanced colorectal cancer undergoing palliative treatment. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-two patients with advanced colorectal cancer confirmed in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2018 were selected as study participants. The boundary-value of PLR was determined by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Furthermore, the relationship between PLR and clinical characteristics of patients with advanced colorectal cancer was analyzed. Next, the prognostic factors affecting the survival time were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier single factor survival analysis and Cox multivariate regression model. RESULTS: According to the ROC curve, the optimal critical value of PLR was 207.29. Patients were divided into high PLR (n=73) and low PLR (n=79) groups. The median survival time was 68.0 (24.5, 296.5) days for the high PLR group, and 124 (34, 438) days for the low PLR group and differences between the groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Both groups had similar demographic features, namely gender, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, and several metastasis sites (P>0.05). Albumin and hemoglobin levels were found to be negatively correlated to PLR (P<0.05). Cox multivariate regression model results showed that PLR, albumin, and ECOG score were independent prognostic factors (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that PLR is an independent prognostic factor of survival time, with good predictive value, in patients with advanced colorectal cancer undergoing palliative treatment. High PLR was significantly correlated to reduced survival rates, while low PLR was associated with better longterm survival rates." ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 1939 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32921118_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 63 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_MESH:D015179_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 95 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_MESH:D015179_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 297 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 374 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_MESH:D015179_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 406 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 502 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 679 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_MESH:D015179_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 711 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 975 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_213_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1389, 1396 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_213_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1534, 1541 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1735, 1743 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32921118_MESH:D015179_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1758, 1775 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21590813_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Artificial muscles based on polypyrrole/carbon nanotube laminates." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ] }, { "id": "21590813_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 67 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21590813_MESH:C067635_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polypyrrole" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 39 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C067635" } ] }, { "id": "21590813_MESH:D002244_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002244" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7297038_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Peritubular interaction of unconjugated bilirubin in isolated perfused rat kidney." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 82 ] ] }, { "id": "7297038_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "1. The interaction of unconjugated bilirubin with peritubular cell membranes of the rat kidney was studied by means of an isolated rat-kidney preparation applying the multiple-indicator-dilution technique. 2. Inulin was used as an extracellular marker and p-aminohippuric acid as a model of organic anion that interacts with the peritubular membrane. 3. A single renal artery injection of a mixture containing inulin and unconjugated bilirubin was followed by the appearance of the two compounds in the venous effluent. The unconjugated bilirubin curve was always under the curve of inulin and its mean transit time was always less than that of inulin. 4. The cumulative venous recovery of inulin was higher than that of unconjugated bilirubin. 5. When unconjugated bilirubin uptake was plotted against the injected dose of pigment the relationship suggested a saturation phenomenon. 6. The recovery of p-aminohippuric acid was significantly increased when unconjugated bilirubin was added. 7. The results provide evidence for the interaction of unconjugated bilirubin with the peritubular cell membranes of rat kidney." ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 1202 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7297038_MESH:D001663_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bilirubin" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 49 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001663" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_10116_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_MESH:D001663_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bilirubin" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001663" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_10116_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 170 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 217 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_MESH:D010130_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "p-aminohippuric acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 359 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010130" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_MESH:D001663_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bilirubin" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 526 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001663" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_MESH:D001663_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bilirubin" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001663" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_MESH:D001663_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bilirubin" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 826 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001663" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_MESH:D001663_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bilirubin" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 858 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001663" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_MESH:D010130_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "p-aminohippuric acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 986, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010130" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_MESH:D001663_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bilirubin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1053, 1062 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001663" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_MESH:D001663_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bilirubin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1142, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001663" } ] }, { "id": "7297038_10116_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1191, 1194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28649548_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency due to HADHB gene mutation in a Chinese family." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "28649548_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We report an 8-year-old girl with lower limb weakness since birth in whom mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency, an autosomal recessive fatty acid oxidation disorder caused by HADHA or HADHB mutations, had not been definitively diagnosed before she was referred to our hospital. Repeated blood acylcarnitine analysis revealed slightly increased long-chain 3-OH-acylcarnitine levels; electromyography (EMG) suggested peripheral nerve injury; muscle biopsy confirmed a neurogenic lesion in muscle fibers, as shown by EMG. Analysis of the HADHB, which encodes long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, one of the enzymes constituting mitochondrial trifunctional protein, identified homozygous missense mutation c.739C > T (p.R247C). Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency is an extremely rare disorder and has not been reported in Chinese people to date. It is likely that neonatal onset, as seen in our patient, has not been reported for the neuromyopathic phenotype of mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 1127 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28649548_MESH:D018455_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "protein deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018455" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_3032_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HADHB" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 59 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3032" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "girl" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_MESH:D018908_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lower limb weakness" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 148 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018908" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_MESH:D007153_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 221 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007153" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_MESH:D005227_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fatty acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005227" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_3032_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HADHB" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 300 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3032" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_MESH:C116917_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "acylcarnitine" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C116917" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "3-OH-acylcarnitine" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 484 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_MESH:D000080902_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nerve injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000080902" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_MESH:D001750_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurogenic lesion" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 594 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001750" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_3032_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HADHB" ], "offsets": [ [ 646, 651 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3032" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_tmVar:c|SUB|C|739|T;HGVS:c.739C>T;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:3032;RS#:755064267;CA#:1560324_12", "type": "DNAMutation", "text": [ "c.739C > T" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 822 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:c|SUB|C|739|T;HGVS:c.739C>T;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:3032;RS#:755064267;CA#:1560324" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_tmVar:p|SUB|R|247|C;HGVS:p.R247C;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:3032;RS#:755064267;CA#:1560324_13", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "p.R247C" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 831 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|R|247|C;HGVS:p.R247C;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:3032;RS#:755064267;CA#:1560324" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_MESH:D018455_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "protein deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 880 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018455" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 954 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1020 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28649548_MESH:C566945_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1080, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C566945" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17437880_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effects of short-term chemical disinfection of gutta-percha cones: identification of affected microbes and alterations in surface texture and physical properties." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 162 ] ] }, { "id": "17437880_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The aims of this study were to identify microorganisms on the surface of gutta-percha (GP) cones using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to evaluate the sterilization effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and ChloraPrep on these bacteria. Alterations of the surface texture and physical properties of GP cone after chemical sterilization were compared. A total of 150 GP cones were randomly selected in endodontic clinics, and a PCR assay was performed to identify the contaminating microorganisms. After inoculation with the same microorganisms followed by drying for 1 day, the GP cones were immersed in the three chemical disinfectants. The sterilization effects were assessed by measuring the turbidity and through subculturing. The changes in surface texture were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and Instron 5500 (Instron Corp, Canton, MA) was used to measure the tensile strength and elongation rate of the GP cones after chemical sterilization. Statistical analysis was performed. Results indicate that 19.4% of GP cones from the clinic were contaminated, and all the species belonged to the genus Staphylococcus. Three chemical disinfectants were all effective in the rapid disinfection of GP cones against Staphylococcus spp, and 1-minute immersion of the GP cones was adequate for disinfection. Microphotographs of the NaOCl-soaked cone showed a cluster of cuboidal crystals. The tensile strength between the NaOCl- and CHX-soaked groups was significantly different (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the NaOCl- and ChloraPrep-soaked groups (p>0.05). All disinfectants significantly increased the elongation rate of the GP cones compared with fresh GP cones (p<0.05), especially in the ChloraPrep (Medi-flex, Leawood, KS). These results show that the three chemical disinfectants are effective agents for the rapid sterilization of GP cones. However, further research will be needed to determine the clinical relevance of the changes in physical properties." ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 2198 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17437880_MESH:D012973_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium hypochlorite" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 369 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012973" } ] }, { "id": "17437880_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NaOCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 376 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17437880_MESH:D002710_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorhexidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002710" } ] }, { "id": "17437880_MESH:D002710_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CHX" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002710" } ] }, { "id": "17437880_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ChloraPrep" ], "offsets": [ [ 407, 417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17437880_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NaOCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 1537, 1542 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17437880_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NaOCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 1627, 1632 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17437880_MESH:D002710_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CHX" ], "offsets": [ [ 1638, 1641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002710" } ] }, { "id": "17437880_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NaOCl" ], "offsets": [ [ 1746, 1751 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "17437880_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ChloraPrep" ], "offsets": [ [ 1757, 1767 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21228379_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "High-resolution, noninvasive, two-photon fluorescence measurement of molecular concentrations in corneal tissue." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 112 ] ] }, { "id": "21228379_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: To perform high-resolution, noninvasive, calibrated measurements of the concentrations and diffusion profiles of fluorescent molecules in the live cornea after topical application to the ocular surface. METHODS: An 800-nm femtosecond laser was used to perform two-photon fluorescence (TPF) axial scanning measurements. Calibration solutions consisting of sodium fluorescein (Na-Fl; concentration range, 0.01%-2.5%) and riboflavin (concentration range, 0.0125%-0.1%) were tested in well slides, and TPF signals were assessed. Excised feline eyeballs preserved in corneal storage medium and with either intact or removed corneal epithelia were then treated with Na-Fl, riboflavin, or fluorescein dextran (Fl-d) of different molecular weight (MW) for 30 minutes. Calibrated TPF was then used immediately to measure the concentration of these molecules across the central corneal depth. RESULTS: The axial resolution of our TPF system was 6 mum, and a linear relationship was observed between TPF signal and low concentrations of most fluorophores. Intact corneas treated with Na-Fl or riboflavin exhibited a detectable penetration depth of only approximately 20 mum, compared with approximately 400 to 600 mum when the epithelium was removed before fluorophore application. Peak concentrations for intact corneas were half those attained with epithelial removal. Debrided corneas treated with 2,000,000 MW Fl-d showed a half-maximum penetration depth of 156.7 mum compared with 384 mum for the 3,000 MW dextran. The peak concentration of the high MW dextran was one quarter that of the lower MW dextran. CONCLUSIONS: TPF is an effective, high-resolution, noninvasive method of quantifying the diffusion and concentration of fluorescent molecules across the cornea." ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 1883 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21228379_MESH:D003316_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "corneal" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 104 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003316" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:D019793_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium fluorescein" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 495 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019793" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Na-Fl" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 502 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:D012256_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "riboflavin" ], "offsets": [ [ 541, 551 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012256" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:D003316_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "corneal" ], "offsets": [ [ 684, 691 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003316" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:D003316_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "corneal epithelia" ], "offsets": [ [ 741, 758 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003316" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Na-Fl" ], "offsets": [ [ 782, 787 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:D012256_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "riboflavin" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 799 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012256" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:C052526_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fluorescein dextran" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 823 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C052526" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:C052526_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Fl-d" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 829 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C052526" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:D003316_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "corneal depth" ], "offsets": [ [ 990, 1003 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003316" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Na-Fl" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1200 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:D012256_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "riboflavin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1204, 1214 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012256" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:C052526_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Fl-d" ], "offsets": [ [ 1525, 1529 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C052526" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:D003911_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dextran" ], "offsets": [ [ 1622, 1629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003911" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:D003911_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dextran" ], "offsets": [ [ 1669, 1676 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003911" } ] }, { "id": "21228379_MESH:D003911_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dextran" ], "offsets": [ [ 1714, 1721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003911" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5746752_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Urinary 17-ketosteroid and 17-ketogenic steroid excretion in patients with endemic goiter and thyrotoxicosis]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 111 ] ] }, { "id": "5746752_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 112 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5746752_MESH:D013256_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "steroid" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013256" } ] }, { "id": "5746752_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "5746752_MESH:D013971_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "goiter and thyrotoxicosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 109 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013971" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8614325_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Treadmill roller ski test predicts biathlon roller ski race results of elite U.S. biathlon women." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 97 ] ] }, { "id": "8614325_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This study evaluated ski-specific laboratory testing and the relationship of test parameters to biathlon race performance. Since the ski skating technique used exclusively during biathlon racing requires a large upper body contribution, treadmill roller ski test parameters may provide relevant information for ski-specific training and ski performance. Seven top U.S. female biathlon skiers performed lactate threshold and VO2 peak tests running (TR) and roller skiing (skating technique, RS) on a motor driven treadmill. In addition, a constant workload (14 km.h(-1), 6% grade) roller ski test to exhaustion at race pace (ET) on a motor driven treadmill, and a short-term double pole power test (DP) were also performed. Results indicate that lactate threshold VO2 and HR were significantly lower during RS than TR, DP power (w.kg(-1)) was related to RS VO2 peak (r = 0.90), but not to TR parameters. ET time to exhaustion was related to gross efficiency during ET (r = -0.86), RS VO2 peak (r = 0.80) and DP HR (% peak HR, r = 0.80). These results suggest that ski-specific laboratory testing provides better insight to ski performance than treadmill run testing." ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 1263 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8614325_6497_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ski" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 20 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6497" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_6497_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ski" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6497" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_6497_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ski" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6497" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_6497_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ski" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6497" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_6497_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ski" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 355 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6497" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_6497_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ski" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 412 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6497" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_6497_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ski" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 438 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6497" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_MESH:D019344_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lactate" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 507 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019344" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_6497_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ski" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 688 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6497" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_MESH:D019344_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lactate" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 850 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019344" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DP" ], "offsets": [ [ 916, 918 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_6497_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ski" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6497" } ] }, { "id": "8614325_6497_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ski" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1223 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6497" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2747095_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Clinical significance of multiple biopsies of nontumorous bladder mucosa in patients with bladder cancer]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 107 ] ] }, { "id": "2747095_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Multiple biopsy specimens obtained from nontumorous bladder mucosa were investigated histologically. An average of 3.6 specimens was taken in 142 transurethral resection operations for 112 patients with bladder cancer. The histological categories used were normal epithelium, metaplasia, hyperplasia and G1-G3 dysplasia. Thirty-seven patients (27.7%) had G2 less than dysplasia within normal looking bladder mucosa. In patients with high grade bladder cancer, the incidence of the association with dysplasia was 51.7%, which was significantly higher than the rates in patients with low or moderate grade bladder cancer (p less than 0.05). The tumor recurrence was observed in 45 patients of 102 patients who were followed with bladder preservation. The recurrence was seen in 13 of 19 patients (68.4%) with mucosal dysplasia in the previous operation. The rate was significantly higher than 38.6% in patients without dysplasia (p less than 0.05). Thus, the epithelial dysplasia seen in nontumorous bladder mucosa were associated with higher grade bladder tumors more often, and the histology of multiple biopsy specimens might be one of predictors for tumor recurrence in near future." ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 1292 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2747095_MESH:D001745_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nontumorous bladder mucosa" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 73 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001745" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 85 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:D001749_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bladder cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:D001745_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nontumorous bladder mucosa" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001745" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 305 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:D001749_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bladder cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:D006965_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 407 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006965" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:C536170_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dysplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 427 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536170" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 450 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:C536170_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dysplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 485 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536170" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 527, 535 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:D001749_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bladder cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 566 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:C536170_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dysplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 615 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536170" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:D009369_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 720, 726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:D009369_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 756 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 795 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 803, 811 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 901 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:D052016_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mucosal dysplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 932 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D052016" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1008, 1016 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:C536170_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dysplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1025, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536170" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:C567703_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epithelial dysplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1065, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C567703" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:D001745_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nontumorous bladder mucosa" ], "offsets": [ [ 1094, 1120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001745" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:D001749_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bladder tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1155, 1169 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "2747095_MESH:D009369_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9622120_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effects of 3'-terminal phosphates in RNA produced by ribozyme cleavage." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 71 ] ] }, { "id": "9622120_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 72 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9622120_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "3'-terminal phosphates" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 33 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24660788_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Anal cancer trends in Puerto Rico from 1985 to 2005: the potential impact of the AIDS epidemic." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 95 ] ] }, { "id": "24660788_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 96 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24660788_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 11 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "24660788_MESH:D000163_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 85 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20003952_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effect of various chemicals as solvents on the dissolution of set white mineral trioxide aggregate: an in vitro study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 118 ] ] }, { "id": "20003952_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "INTRODUCTION: The main disadvantages of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) are its prolonged setting time and the difficulty in retrieving it from the root canal. Because MTA is alkaline in nature, it might interact with acids or chemicals and could disintegrate. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of various chemicals on dissolution of white MTA (WMTA). METHODS: Stainless steel molds were prepared and filled with WMTA that was exposed to carbonic acid, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, and saline on days 1 and 21. The surface hardness was measured before and after 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-minute intervals after exposure to chemicals. The samples were probed with a #16 endodontic explorer after 20 minutes of chemical exposure and hardness testing. RESULTS: Both qualitative and quantitative analysis showed that carbonic acid was effective in significantly reducing the surface hardness of set WMTA on both days 1 and 21; 2% chlorhexidine gluconate reduced the surface hardness of set WMTA significantly on day 1 only. CONCLUSIONS: Carbonic acid can be effectively used as an adjunct to dissolve set WMTA even after 21 days, whereas 2% chlorhexidine gluconate showed significant surface dissolution only within 24 hours of WMTA placement. Thus, usage of chlorhexidine gluconate as a root canal irrigant in which WMTA is used during endodontic procedure should be avoided for 24 hours. Solutions with EDTA have no effect on surface hardness of WMTA." ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 1638 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20003952_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "mineral trioxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 88 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "mineral trioxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 175 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:D002255_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbonic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002255" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:C010882_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorhexidine gluconate" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 612 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C010882" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:D004492_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 658 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004492" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:D004492_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EDTA" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 664 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004492" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:D018804_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hardness" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 725 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018804" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:D018804_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hardness" ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018804" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:D002255_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbonic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1002, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002255" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:D018804_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hardness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1076 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018804" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:C010882_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorhexidine gluconate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1115, 1138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C010882" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:D018804_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hardness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018804" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:D002255_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Carbonic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002255" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:C010882_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorhexidine gluconate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1326, 1349 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C010882" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:C010882_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorhexidine gluconate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1444, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C010882" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:D004492_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EDTA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1590, 1594 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004492" } ] }, { "id": "20003952_MESH:D018804_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hardness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1621, 1629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018804" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28774728_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Lactobacillus plantarum culture supernatants improve intestinal tissue exposed to deoxynivalenol." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 97 ] ] }, { "id": "28774728_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In the present study, histological, morphometrical and ultrastructural analysis were performed to investigate intestinal mucosa changes in piglets exposed to deoxynivalenol alone or associated with two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and the respective culture supernatants. Jejunal explants were incubated for 4h in culture medium with a) only culture medium (DMEM, control group), b) deoxynivalenol (DON, 10muM), c) heat-inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum strain1 - LP1 (1.1x108 CFU/ml) plus DON, d) heat-inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum strain2-LP2 (2.0x109 CFU/ml) plus DON, e) heat-inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum strain1 culture supernatant (CS1) plus DON, and f) heat-inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum strain1 culture supernatant (CS1) plus DON. Explants exposed to DON and DON plus LP1 and LP2 showed a significant increase in histological changes (mainly villi atrophy and apical necrosis) and a significant decrease in villi height when compared to unexposed explants. However, explants treated with CS1+DON and CS2+DON remained similar to the control group both in histological and morphometrical aspects. DON also induced a significant decrease in goblet cell density compared to control whereas CS1+DON treatment induced an increase in the number of goblet cells in comparison to DON explants. In addition, ultrastructural assessment showed control, CS1+DON and CS2+DON explants with well delineated finger shape villi, meanwhile DON-treated, LP1+DON and LP2+DON explants showed a severe villi atrophy with leukocytes exudation on the intestinal surface. Taken together, our results indicate that the culture supernatant treatment reduced the toxic effects induced by DON on intestinal tissue and may contribute as an alternative strategy to reduce mycotoxin toxicity." ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 1892 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28774728_1590_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lactobacillus plantarum" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1590" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:C007262_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "deoxynivalenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007262" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:C007262_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "deoxynivalenol" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 270 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007262" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_1590_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lactobacillus plantarum" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 334 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1590" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_1590_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lactobacillus" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1590" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_1954176_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "LP1" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 573 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1954176" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_1590_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lactobacillus" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 634 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1590" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_1590_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lactobacillus" ], "offsets": [ [ 704, 717 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1590" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_1590_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lactobacillus" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 809 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1590" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:C007262_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DON" ], "offsets": [ [ 884, 887 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007262" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:C007262_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DON" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 895 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007262" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_1954176_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "LP1" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 904 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1954176" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:D001284_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 988 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001284" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:D009336_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "necrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1008 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009336" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CS2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1133, 1136 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:C007262_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DON" ], "offsets": [ [ 1228, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007262" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:C007262_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DON" ], "offsets": [ [ 1323, 1326 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007262" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:C007262_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DON" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1407 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007262" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_-_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CS1+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1474, 1478 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:C007262_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DON" ], "offsets": [ [ 1478, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007262" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_-_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CS2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1486, 1490 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:C007262_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DON" ], "offsets": [ [ 1490, 1493 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007262" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_1954176_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "LP1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1567, 1570 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1954176" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_-_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "LP2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1579, 1583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:C007262_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DON" ], "offsets": [ [ 1583, 1586 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007262" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:D001284_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "villi atrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1612, 1625 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001284" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:C007262_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DON" ], "offsets": [ [ 1792, 1795 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007262" } ] }, { "id": "28774728_MESH:D064420_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1883, 1891 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33942809_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Front cover." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ] }, { "id": "33942809_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 13 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9780483_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Evolution of chemotherapy of cancer. The initial phase]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 57 ] ] }, { "id": "9780483_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 58 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9780483_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "105421_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A fluorescent substrate assay for plasminogen." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 46 ] ] }, { "id": "105421_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 47 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34152250_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Bioinformatics-based analysis of the association between the A1-chimaerin (CHN1) gene and gastric cancer." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 105 ] ] }, { "id": "34152250_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the identification of additional therapeutic targets and biomarkers has become vital. The A1-chimaerin (CHN1) gene encodes a ras-related protein that can be activated or inactivated by binding to GTP or GDP. The present study aimed to assess the expression of CHN1 in GC tissue and cells, to explore its relationship with GC progression, and to discover the potential mechanisms underlying these associations. The ONCOMINE database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to determine the transcriptional levels of CHN1 in GC. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used for detecting protein expression. Correlations between CHN1 levels and the clinical outcomes of GC patients were examined using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Moreover, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate immune cell infiltration. In GC patients, CHN1 transcription and CHN1 protein expression were upregulated, and a high expression of CHN1 was remarkably linked to poor survival in GC patients. CHN1 expression was associated with immune infiltrates and this gene showed potential involvement in multiple cancer-related pathways. Furthermore, the expression of CHN1 was correlated with the immunotherapeutic response. Finally, our results indicated that the pro-carcinogenic role of CHN1 may involve DNA methylation. To our knowledge, this is the first report characterizing CHN1 expression in GC. Our results show that high CHN1 levels could be used as a clinical biomarker for poor prognosis and that CHN1 inhibitors may have potential as anti-cancer drugs." ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 1759 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34152250_1123_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 79 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D013274_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gastric cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 104 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013274" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D013274_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Gastric cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013274" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D013274_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GC" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 124 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013274" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D009369_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 168 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D003643_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 177, 183 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_51655_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ras-related protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51655" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D006160_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006160" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D006153_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "GDP" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 404 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006153" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 462 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D013274_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GC" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 468 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013274" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D013274_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GC" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 522 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013274" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D009369_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 638, 644 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 722 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D013274_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GC" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 728 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013274" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 837 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D013274_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GC" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 876 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013274" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 885 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D013274_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013274" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1035, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1045, 1049 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1139 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D013274_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1182, 1184 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013274" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_9606_25", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1185, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D009369_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1305, 1311 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1361, 1365 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1483, 1487 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1575, 1579 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D013274_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1594, 1596 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013274" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1625, 1629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_1123_33", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CHN1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1703, 1707 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1123" } ] }, { "id": "34152250_MESH:D009369_34", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1746, 1752 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6336192_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Localization of gastrointestinal hemorrhage-marking red blood cells in vivo and in vitro with 99mTc]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 102 ] ] }, { "id": "6336192_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 103 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6336192_MESH:D006471_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gastrointestinal hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006471" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1860695_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Facilitated diffusion and sodium-dependent transport of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides in rat liver." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "1860695_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In mammalian cells, nucleoside transport usually is mediated by facilitated diffusion. In addition, a Na(+)-dependent, concentrative nucleoside transport system has been detected in several tissues but not the liver. To further clarify hepatic nucleoside transport mechanisms, we measured the uptake of [2-14C]uridine (2 to 100 mumol/L) and of [8-14C]adenosine (10 to 75 mumol/L) by the isolated perfused rat liver in the presence or absence of extracellular sodium or specific inhibitors of facilitated nucleoside diffusion. Uridine transport and metabolism were monitored by the release of labeled catabolites including 14CO2, which indicated complete degradation of the pyrimidine. Adenosine, uridine and uridine catabolites were measured in the effluent perfusate by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and a radioactivity flow monitor. The existence of a Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transport system could be inferred from the following observations: (a) Sodium depletion caused a strong inhibition of nucleoside transport reflected by an up to threefold and 15-fold increase in extracellular uridine and adenosine, respectively. The sodium-dependent transport of uridine was saturated when the influent uridine concentration was raised beyond 20 mumol/L. No such saturation was observed for much higher concentrations of adenosine used (10 to 75 mumol/L). (b) Na(+)-free perfusion resulted in a strong suppression of the release of uridine catabolites by the liver. Complete uridine breakdown was depressed to 7% of the amount of 14CO2 released in the presence of sodium and at influent uridine concentrations below 20 mumol/L. (c) Inhibition of uridine (10 mumol/L) transport and degradation was observed after coperfusion with adenosine, deoxyadenosine, guanosine and deoxyguanosine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 1945 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1860695_MESH:D012964_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 32 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012964" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:C030985_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "purine" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030985" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:C030986_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyrimidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030986" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D009705_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nucleosides" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009705" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D009705_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nucleoside" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009705" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D009705_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nucleoside" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009705" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D014529_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "uridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 421 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014529" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D000241_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "adenosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 464 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000241" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_10116_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 512 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D012964_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 569 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012964" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D014529_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Uridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 630, 637 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014529" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_-_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "14CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 731 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:C030986_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyrimidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 787 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030986" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D000241_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Adenosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000241" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D014529_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "uridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 807 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014529" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D014529_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "uridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 819 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014529" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D012964_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1081, 1087 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012964" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D014529_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "uridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1219, 1226 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014529" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D000241_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "adenosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1231, 1240 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000241" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D012964_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1266 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012964" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D014529_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "uridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1290, 1297 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014529" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D014529_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "uridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1330, 1337 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014529" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D000241_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "adenosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1448, 1457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000241" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D014529_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "uridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1559, 1566 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014529" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D014529_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "uridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1602, 1609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014529" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_-_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "14CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1657, 1662 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D012964_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1691, 1697 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012964" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D014529_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "uridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1714, 1721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014529" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D014529_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "uridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1773, 1780 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014529" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D000241_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "adenosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1856, 1865 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000241" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:C058118_32", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "deoxyadenosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1867, 1881 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C058118" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D006151_33", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "guanosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1883, 1892 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006151" } ] }, { "id": "1860695_MESH:D003849_34", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "deoxyguanosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1897, 1911 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003849" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13634567_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Subcardial diverticulum of the stomach with pain syndrome]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 60 ] ] }, { "id": "13634567_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 61 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13634567_MESH:D010146_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 58 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3151885_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) stimulation test in the diagnosis of pituitary adenomas]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 96 ] ] }, { "id": "3151885_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The studies aimed at evaluation of pituitary reserve of growth hormone following stimulation with GRF have been carried out in a group of 33 patients (11 women and 22 men, of age between 25 and 62 years) with pituitary tumors. The studied material included cases with pituitary adenoma characterized by excessive secretion of growth hormone (somatotropinoma), prolactin (prolactinoma) or alpha subunits of glycoprotein hormones (alphoma), and those with hormonally inactive adenoma. The GRF stimulation tests were carried out in hospitalized patients after overnight fast between 8.00 and 10.00 a.m. Blood samples for hormonal determinations were taken before the test, and after 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes following intravenous administration of 100 micrograms of GRF 1-29. Besides growth hormone, also the blood serum concentrations of other pituitary hormones were determined in the patients studied, both in the basal state and during the dynamic tests. In patients with acromegaly the results of the determinations of growth hormone following stimulation with GRF showed considerable individual variability. In 5 cases there was an increase in blood serum growth hormone concentration. No response to GRF was noted in the remaining 8 cases. In adenoma cases of prolactinoma type, growth hormone concentration began to rise already at the 15-th minute of the test in most cases. In three cases of prolactinoma associated with acromegaly no response to GRF was observed. The cases of alphoma-type adenoma were usually characterized by the secretion of pituitary hormones other than growth hormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 1734 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3151885_2691_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Growth hormone-releasing factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 32 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2691" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2691_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GRF" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2691" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D010911_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pituitary adenomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 94 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010911" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2688_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2688" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2691_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GRF" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2691" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 246 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 264, 267 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D010911_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pituitary tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010911" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D010911_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pituitary adenoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 382 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010911" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2688_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 437 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2688" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D049912_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "somatotropinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 454 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D049912" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D015175_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "prolactinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 480 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015175" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D000236_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "adenoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 578 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000236" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2691_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GRF" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 587 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2691" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 647 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2688_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 884, 898 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2688" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 995 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1062, 1070 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D000172_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acromegaly" ], "offsets": [ [ 1076, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000172" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2688_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1124, 1138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2688" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2691_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GRF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1169 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2691" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2688_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1262, 1276 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2688" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2691_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GRF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1307, 1310 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2691" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D000236_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "adenoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1350, 1357 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000236" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D015175_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "prolactinoma type" ], "offsets": [ [ 1367, 1384 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015175" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2688_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1386, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2688" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D015175_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "prolactinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1502, 1514 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015175" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D000172_28", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acromegaly" ], "offsets": [ [ 1531, 1541 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000172" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2691_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GRF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1557, 1560 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2691" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_MESH:D000236_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alphoma-type adenoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1588, 1608 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000236" } ] }, { "id": "3151885_2688_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1686, 1700 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2688" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4671339_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Jejunal biopsy in alcoholics with polyparasitic infestation and protein deficiency]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 85 ] ] }, { "id": "4671339_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 86 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4671339_MESH:D007239_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "polyparasitic infestation and protein deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 83 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19256740_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Eating habits, knowledge about cancer prevention and the HPLP scale in Turkish adolescents." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 91 ] ] }, { "id": "19256740_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Nutritional status and healthy lifestyle are important factors not only in cancer etiology but also for prevention efforts. A good nutritional status contributes to a healthy life with high economic, social and cultural level. Unhealthy eating habits are part of risky behavior seen from adolescence. The present study was therefore carried out to determine eating habits, level of knowledge about cancer prevention and behavior of a group of adolescents. METHODS: Data were collected using questionnaire covering eating habits and knowledge of adolescents on prevention from cancer, and special scale (HPLP) to determine the related behavior. Three hundred sixty six of 390 students volunteered for study. RESULTS: Eating habits and the level of cancer prevention knowledge were similar for both genders, except for the exercise issue. The mean total points of adolescents in the Health Promotion Behavior and Subscales was 113,63. While spiritual growth had the highest score in HPLP subscale, exercise had a minimal score. Exercise was the only HPLP subscale with a statistically significant difference between male and female genders. CONCLUSIONS: Although they have some information, the adolescents surveyed did not have preventive skills relative to their practical life. In general in order to ensure cancer prevention and a healthy life style social, cultural and sportive activities should be encouraged and educational programmes supporting these goals should be designed and applied for all stages of life, starting in early childhood." ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 1651 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19256740_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "19256740_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 185 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "19256740_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 508 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "19256740_MESH:D009369_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 686 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "19256740_MESH:D009369_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 851, 857 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "19256740_MESH:D009369_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1413, 1419 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8266896_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Histopathology of experimental Schistosoma bovis infection in goats." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] }, { "id": "8266896_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The inflammatory host response to Schistosoma bovis in young goats was studied at necropsy by light microscopy 34 weeks after primary exposure to 3,000 cercariae (group B, n = 6), 34 weeks after primary exposure to 3,000 cercariae followed by challenge with 2,500 cercariae at week 17 (group C, n = 5), and 17 weeks after primary exposure to 2,500 cercariae, given on week 17 of the experiment (group D, n = 6). Three goats served as uninfected controls. The faecal egg output had been minimal for 17 weeks prior to necropsy in groups B and C and only for the last 2 weeks in group D. Histological studies were carried out on the small intestine, liver, lung and spleen, and tissue egg counts were performed. In sections of the small intestine and liver, a panel of histopathological variables were quantitated to characterize the host response and differences between groups of animals were evaluated with one way analysis of variance. The mean tissue egg count in the small intestine was slightly but not significantly higher in group C than group B and about twice as high in group D (D vs B or C p < 0.01). Group means of numbers of inflammatory foci per section of gut wall corresponded well with those of tissue egg counts, suggesting that the rate of inflammatory destruction of eggs did not differ markedly between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 1436 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8266896_MESH:D012554_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Schistosoma bovis infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 58 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012554" } ] }, { "id": "8266896_9925_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "goats" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9925" } ] }, { "id": "8266896_6184_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Schistosoma bovis" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "6184" } ] }, { "id": "8266896_9925_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "goats" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9925" } ] }, { "id": "8266896_9925_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "goats" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9925" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26161299_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Applications of Raman micro-spectroscopy to stem cell technology: label-free molecular discrimination and monitoring cell differentiation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 138 ] ] }, { "id": "26161299_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Stem cell therapy is widely acknowledged as a key medical technology of the 21st century which may provide treatments for many currently incurable diseases. These cells have an enormous potential for cell replacement therapies to cure diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders, as well as in tissue engineering as a reliable cell source for providing grafts to replace and repair diseased tissues. Nevertheless, the progress in this field has been difficult in part because of lack of techniques that can measure non-invasively the molecular properties of cells. Such repeated measurements can be used to evaluate the culture conditions during differentiation, cell quality and phenotype heterogeneity of stem cell progeny. Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique based on inelastic scattering of laser photons by molecular vibrations of cellular molecules and can be used to provide chemical fingerprints of cells or organelles without fixation, lysis or use of labels and other contrast enhancing chemicals. Because differentiated cells are specialized to perform specific functions, these cells produce specific biochemicals that can be detected by Raman micro-spectroscopy. This mini-review paper describes applications of Raman micro-scpectroscopy to measure moleculare properties of stem cells during differentiation in-vitro. The paper focuses on time- and spatially-resolved Raman spectral measurements that allow repeated investigation of live stem cells in-vitro." ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 1649 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26161299_MESH:D010300_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 410 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "26161299_MESH:D003920_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 420 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "26161299_MESH:D002318_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiovascular disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002318" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20365101_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "True and quasi-long-range order in the generalized q-state clock model." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 71 ] ] }, { "id": "20365101_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "From consideration of the order-parameter distribution, we propose an observable which makes a clear distinction between true and quasi-long-range orders in the two-dimensional generalized q-state clock model. Measuring this quantity by Monte Carlo simulations for q=8, we construct a phase diagram and identify critical properties across the phase-separation lines among the true long-range order, quasi-long-range order, and disorder. Our result supports the theoretical prediction that there appears a discontinuous order-disorder transition as soon as the two phase-separation lines merge." ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 665 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33315775_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Comparison of Two-level Cervical Disc Replacement Versus Two-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Outpatient Setting." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 133 ] ] }, { "id": "33315775_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of two-level cervical disc replacement (CDR) in the outpatient setting. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Despite growing interest in CDR, limited data exist evaluating the safety of two-level CDR in the outpatient setting. METHODS: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried for all two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and CDR procedures between 2015 and 2018. Demographics, comorbidities, and 30-day postoperative complication rates of outpatient two-level CDR were compared to those of inpatient two-level CDR and outpatient two-level ACDF. Radiographic data are not available in the NSQIP. RESULTS: A total of 403 outpatient CDRs were compared to 408 inpatient CDRs and 4134 outpatient ACDFs. Outpatient CDR patients were older and more likely to have pulmonary comorbidities compared to inpatient CDR (P < 0.03). Outpatient CDR patients were less likely to have an American Society of Anesthesiologists class >=2 and have hypertension compared to outpatient ACDF patients (P < 0.0001). Outpatient CDR had a lower 30-day readmission rate (0.5% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.02) and lower 30-day reoperation rate (0% vs. 1%, P = 0.047) compared to inpatient CDR. Outpatient CDR had a lower readmission rate (0.5% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.03) compared to outpatient ACDF, but there was no difference in reoperation rates between the two procedures (0% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.07). Outpatient CDR had an overall complication rate of 0.2%, inpatient CDR had a complication rate of 0.9%, and outpatient ACDF had a complication rate of 1.3%. These differences were not significant. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the largest multicenter study examining the safety of two-level outpatient CDR procedures. Outpatient two-level CDR was associated with similarly safe outcomes when compared to inpatient two-level CDR and outpatient two-level ACDF. This suggests that two-level CDR can be performed safely in the outpatient setting.Level of Evidence: 3." ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 2210 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33315775_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 124 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 298 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 367 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 426 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 444 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 735 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 749 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 799 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 814 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ACDF" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 829 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 915 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 966, 976 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ACDFs" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 982 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 984, 994 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 998 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1115 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1116, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1120, 1128 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_MESH:D006973_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1226 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1239, 1249 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1263 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1278, 1288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1289, 1292 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1434, 1437 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1439, 1449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1450, 1453 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1521, 1531 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ACDF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1532, 1536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_30", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1639, 1649 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1650, 1653 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_32", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1706, 1709 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_33", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1747, 1757 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1938, 1948 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_35", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1949, 1952 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_36", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1965, 1975 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_37", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1986, 1989 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_38", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 2071, 2074 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_39", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 2079, 2089 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_-_40", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 2135, 2138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "33315775_9606_41", "type": "Species", "text": [ "outpatient" ], "offsets": [ [ 2170, 2180 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1993252_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Heterogeneity of T cell repertoires in human autoimmune disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 64 ] ] }, { "id": "1993252_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 65 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1993252_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1993252_MESH:D001327_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "autoimmune disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 63 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001327" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "131423_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Laparoscopic photography on infra-red sensitive film]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 55 ] ] }, { "id": "131423_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Photographs taken on Ektachrome infrared IE 135-20 film during laparoscopy are distinguished by improved contrast. Details that can be recognized indistinctly or not at all on regular color film can be brought out. This film has proved to be particularly useful for the visualization of lymph vessels and close-ups of the surface." ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 386 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25300541_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Antidiabetic activities of chitosan and its derivatives: a mini review." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 71 ] ] }, { "id": "25300541_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Obesity and diabetes are two important closely related matters to world health with increasing morbidity and mortality rate. Many recent studies promoted chitosan-based substances as lead molecules for treatment and prevention of obesity, diabetes, and related complications due to their easy and potential utilization in the food, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and environmental fields. Although detailed action mechanism and how chitosan-based molecules act as antidiabetics and antiobesity specifically are remain to be enlightened, studies exhibited enough evidence to direct our intention to produce natural therapeutic agents using chitosan and its derivatives as lead substances. In this chapter, some reported antidiabetics and antiobesity applications of chitosan and its derivatives have been briefly summarized in regard to acting pathways and structure-based activity in order to obtain some valuable insights into novel chitosan-based derivatives and their utilization for antidiabetic and antiobesity purposes." ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 1096 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25300541_MESH:D009765_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 79 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "25300541_MESH:D003920_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 92 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "25300541_MESH:D003643_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "25300541_MESH:D009765_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 309 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "25300541_MESH:D003920_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 319 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "25300541_MESH:D048271_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitosan" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 511 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048271" } ] }, { "id": "25300541_MESH:D048271_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitosan" ], "offsets": [ [ 710, 718 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048271" } ] }, { "id": "25300541_MESH:D048271_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitosan" ], "offsets": [ [ 836, 844 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048271" } ] }, { "id": "25300541_MESH:D048271_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitosan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1005, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048271" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11443593_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Penile amputation and sheath ablation in the horse." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 51 ] ] }, { "id": "11443593_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To report a surgical technique for penile amputation and sheath ablation in horses. Study Design-Retrospective study. Animals or Sample Population-Twenty-five adult geldings of various breeds with conditions requiring penile amputation and sheath ablation. METHODS: The medical records of horses that had penile amputation and sheath ablation were reviewed. Briefly, the technique involved en bloc resection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the inner and outer lamina of the prepuce and penile shaft. Resection of the penile shaft, proximal to diseased segments, and spatulation of the urethral mucosa was followed by fixation of the penis to the ventral abdomen and closure of the peripreputial skin over the ventral aspect of the penis and creation of a new mucocutaneous junction at the urethral orifice. RESULTS: Mild to moderate postoperative hemorrhage occurred in all horses. Partial dehiscence of the mucocutaneous junction occurred in 8 horses; all healed by second intention. Postoperative pain lasting 24 to 48 hours occurred in 7 horses; 1 required epidural analgesia for pain relief. Long-term follow-up was available for 8 horses; none had any long-term complications. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Partial amputation of the penis with pexy to the ventral abdomen and revision of the peripreputial skin can be used as an alternative to en bloc resection and penile retroversion for lesions involving the free part of the penis and the prepuce. It requires smaller incisions and results in less alteration to the normal appearance of the external genitalia than retroversion techniques, while still allowing the surgeon to remove extensive portions of the penis and extirpate the regional lymph nodes." ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 1774 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11443593_9796_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horse" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 50 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "11443593_9796_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "11443593_9796_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "11443593_MESH:D019106_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "postoperative hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 904, 928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019106" } ] }, { "id": "11443593_9796_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 951 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "11443593_9796_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1016, 1022 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "11443593_MESH:D010149_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1056, 1074 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010149" } ] }, { "id": "11443593_9796_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1112, 1118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] }, { "id": "11443593_MESH:D010146_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "11443593_9796_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "horses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9796" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8295047_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Severe osteoarthrosis after fracture of the mandibular condyle: a clinical and histologic study of seven patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 114 ] ] }, { "id": "8295047_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The factors that induce complications subsequent to fractures of the mandibular condyle have long been controversial. A clinical and histologic study of seven patients (nine temporomandibular joints [TMJs]) who suffered from severe TMJ problems subsequent to condylar fractures showed that the complications were related to comminution of the condyle, sagittal fracture of the condyle, and subcondylar fracture dislocation. Alterations in these TMJs all involved secondary osteoarthrosis. Additionally, aseptic necrosis, bifid deformity of the condyle (two of the three sagittally fractured condyles), and TMJ ankylosis occurred in these patients. It is suggested that the involved fracture patterns be given more attention by clinicians." ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 853 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8295047_MESH:D010003_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteoarthrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010003" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_MESH:D050723_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 176 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_MESH:D007592_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "joints" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 313 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007592" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_MESH:D013706_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TMJ" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 350 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013706" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_MESH:C538270_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "condylar fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 392 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C538270" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_MESH:D050723_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sagittal fracture of the condyle" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 499 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_MESH:D000072039_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "subcondylar fracture dislocation" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000072039" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_MESH:D010003_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteoarthrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 602 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010003" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_MESH:D010020_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aseptic necrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 634 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010020" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_MESH:C535441_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bifid deformity of the condyle" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 666 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535441" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_MESH:D050723_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sagittally fractured condyles" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 714 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_MESH:C536957_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TMJ ankylosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 734 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536957" } ] }, { "id": "8295047_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 761 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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