id
int32 1
11.3k
| text
stringlengths 0
74.9k
| label
int64 0
19
| Generalization
stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|
4,063 | Hi people..
OK heres my problem....
I keep hearing about these little credit card type of things which
detect IR light....
I believe that you have to 'charge them up' under normal (visible) light
and then if they are exposed to IR light they glow or something like
that...
I think that they are avaliable in the states and even in England, but
alas I live in Australia. Could someone please inform me if I can get
these things over here, and if so where??? and how much???
Also are they really commonly avaliable in the states, and if so, then
how much are they and who sells them (maybe if I cant get one here, I'll
write to one of the companies over seas..)
Anyway.... Thanks in advance... | 11 | trimmed_train |
2,735 | I was having a look through a couple of components catalogues when I
came across a range of Peltier Effect heat pumps intended for cooling
components. For those who have not heard of this effect, you put a
current through one of these devices, and it pumps heat from one side
to the other. Reverse the current and you reverse the effect. I
think a temperature difference can give you an EMF as well.
Anyway, it struck me that you could make a nice cool/hot box for
picnics with one of these, a power regulator, a thermostat and a
couple of heat sinks. The biggest device can shift 60W with an
efficiency of 80-90%, which ain't bad (although it would flatten my
car battery in about half an hour).
Unfortunately the catalogue didn't list anything more than the basic
specs as a heat pump. I imagine that you would get a back-EMF as the
temperature gradient across the device increases. If so, presumably
its power decreases as the back-EMF increases, until eventually we
have a steady state with no current being consumed (assuming no
leakage). If so, then the final temperature difference between the
two sides could be set by the supply voltage and nothing more
(although that would be a lousy way to control it).
What I would like to know is:
1: Are the above guesses correct?
2: What is the open-circuit thermal resistance of a typical device?
(I just want to be sure that my coolbox is not going to get warm
too fast when I unplug it)
3: How does a Peltier Effect heat pump actually work? It looks like
magic!
4: Why don't they use these things in domestic fridges/freezers?
Thanks in advance,
Paul. | 11 | trimmed_train |
6,134 | Hi net!
Due to further investigation I would like to study the following article:
Peterson, "Ray tracing general B-Splines",
Proc. ACM Mountain Regional Conference, April 1986
Unfortunately I didn't find it in any library's register.
If there is anyone having access to this paper or knowing about a
library containing those proceedings (preferrably in Germany), please
let me know! Any help would be appreciated!
Thanks a lot,
Joerg Haber
| 1 | trimmed_train |
10,158 | Can anyone out there tell me how to get the total number of color cells
allocated in the default colormap?
e.g. colormap = DefaultColormap(mydisplay, myscreen);
The MAXIMUM number of allocated cells is given by DefaultCells(mydisplay,
myscreen), but in general the number of cells actually allocated will be
much less than this, depending on the color requirements of the windows
currently in place. I'd like a way to determine this number. Thanks in
advance!
Derek
----------------------------------------------------------- | 16 | trimmed_train |
3,138 |
Yeah, do you expect people to read the FAQ, etc. and actually accept hard
atheism? No, you need a little leap of faith, Jimmy. Your logic runs out
of steam!
Jim,
Sorry I can't pity you, Jim. And I'm sorry that you have these feelings of
denial about the faith you need to get by. Oh well, just pretend that it will
all end happily ever after anyway. Maybe if you start a new newsgroup,
alt.atheist.hard, you won't be bummin' so much?
Bye-Bye, Big Jim. Don't forget your Flintstone's Chewables! :)
--
Bake Timmons, III | 8 | trimmed_train |
1,899 | The U.S. Government's campaign of persecution and genocide against the
Branch Davidians was a resounding success.
Heil Clinton! Heil Reno! The Gestapo is alive and well and living in
Washington, D.C.
--
Kevin, who agrees that David Koresh was probably a first-rate nutcase
but who firmly believes that the Bill of Rights guaranteed his
his right to be a religious fanatic and that the government is
guilty of violating his civil rights and of 1st degree murder.
OK, which small, under-represented-in-congress religious group
are we going to persecute next and are we going to torch their
church with a rolled up copy of the Constitution? | 9 | trimmed_train |
4,168 | VHS movie for sale.
Dance with Wovies ($12.00)
The tape is new and just open, buyer pay shipping cost.
If you are interested, please send your offer to
[email protected]
thanks, | 5 | trimmed_train |
8,626 | I would be very appreciative if someone would answer a few
questions about Windows for Workgroups.
I currently have Novell Netware Lite which does not work with
Windows very well and is a conventional memory hog (ver. 1.1).
I am considering moving all our machines to W4WG.
Q1: How much conventional ram does W4WG use over and above the
driver for the network card?
Q2: If I have a Novell NE2000 card, are the LSL and IPX drivers
still needed?
Q3: Does W4WG do a license check over the network to ensure each
machine is running its own licenced copy of W4WG? (Note: I do
not want to break the license agreement and I will buy a copy
of W4WG for each of our machines, it is just that I would like
to try it out first to see if it meets our needs. Returning one
opened copy is much easier than returning N opened copies.)
Q4: If you buy the upgrade to Windows 3.1 for W4WG does it replace
all of Win 3.1 as you install it or does it depend on current
Win 3.1 files?
Q5: If I install Windows NT on my server when it comes out, will I have
any troubles with the W4WG machines?
When I started this message, I was going to ask only 2 questions but I got carried
away. I'll stop now ;-).
I look forward to your replies.
Al
| 18 | trimmed_train |
5,108 |
IBM has displayed a 486DX3/99 as a *TECHNOLOGY DEMO*.
This effectivly means - "here's some neat technology". It is not
a commitment to make such an item...
Guy | 3 | trimmed_train |
5,660 | Sorry if this is a FAQ. I don't normally read comp.sys.mac.hardware.
I am purchasing a couple of Centris 650's. I configured the systems
as follows:
Eight (8) Mb RAM
Ethernet
1 Mb VRAM
Math CoProcessor option
My purchasing agent told me about the math coprocessor option and sent
me the Apple summary documentation to prove it. I ordered the coprocessor
option, but I'm really not sure that we needed it. I thought the '040 chip
had a math coprocessor built into it. Has Apple had a math coprocessor chip
architectured to keep up with the speed of the '040 chip in the Centris 650?
I am concerned that I may have set up a hardware bottleneck. Please send your
responses to: [email protected]. I will summarize if there
is enough interest. Thanks! | 14 | trimmed_train |
6,396 | Dear All,
I am trying to get my standard connection going with KA9Q (PA0GRI113016)
and a GVC NIC-2000 ethernet card. I know that my router and modem is
working because I am able to ping, finger, and even telnetd with it.
However, after a time, it crashes randomly. Help would be
greatly appreciated.
I suspect that there is a hardware conflict in the PC. I am
running with a 386SX/33, 2 MB Ram. The Ethernet card is configured
for IRQ 5, ports 0x360-0x37F.
Thanks in advance. I know that it's not much to go on, but I
don't even know what the questions to ask are, sorry.
Please send mail. | 3 | trimmed_train |
4,546 | Can someone recommend how to ship a motorcycle from San Francisco
to Seattle? And how much might it cost?
I remember a thread on shipping. If someone saved the instructions
on bike prep, please post 'em again, or email.
Thanks, | 12 | trimmed_train |
3,996 | I need the file format for cc:Mail file formats - it seems to be PCX-based,
but with a twist: only the first page of a multi-page fax will come out
readable. The other pages disappear. The format seems to be 'proprietary'.
Anybody got any clues? I have to give my email FAXes to my secretary in
order to get 'em unscrambled. I want a filter from cc:Mail to .p[nb]m.
Come to think of it, p[nb]m to cc:Mail would be nice too. | 1 | trimmed_train |
463 | From article <[email protected]>, by [email protected] (Eric Lorenzo):
--Let me put it like this. The only similarity between the three models
is the "300", or 3-liter engine displacement. Actually, the SC300 (the
coupe) and the GS300 (the funky-looking new sedan) share the same 3.0
liter inline-six, and the ES300 (popular small sedan) uses 3.0 V6 shared
with the Camry. The SC300 is a luxury/sports coupe, the GS300 is the new
luxury sedan, and the ES300 is the base executive sedan. All three look
completely different.
--Aamir Qazi
-- | 4 | trimmed_train |
6,571 |
I Have Version 3.5.1 which I believe was needed for a 040 machine.
You should be able to get the newest version by calling their tech
support at 1-800-456-5522 or if you have a modem you can get the
driver from their BBS at 801-778-4400.
dean
-- | 14 | trimmed_train |
7,237 | [email protected] (Jody Levine) writes...
I've already discussed this in e-mail with Jonathan. It's the film
"The Inspector General" [:-)], with Danny Kaye, although I can't quote the
name of the leading lady (Because Maltin doesn't :-(). Jonathan thinks there
was an earlier Russian film; "Movies on TV" just says it was based on a Gogol
(Yes, Jonathan, I looked it up again -- only two o's) story. | 12 | trimmed_train |
7,039 | Here is a way to get the commericial companies into space and mineral
exploration.
Basically get the eci-freaks to make it so hard to get the minerals on earth..
You think this is crazy. Well in a way it is, but in a way it is reality.
There is a billin the congress to do just that.. Basically to make it so
expensive to mine minerals in the US, unless you can by off the inspectors or
tax collectors.. ascially what I understand from talking to a few miner friends
of mine, that they (the congress) propose to have a tax on the gross income of
the mine, versus the adjusted income, also the state governments have there
normal taxes. So by the time you get done, paying for materials, workers, and
other expenses you can owe more than what you made.
BAsically if you make a 1000.00 and spend 500. ofor expenses, you can owe
600.00 in federal taxes.. Bascially it is driving the miners off the land.. And
the only peopel who benefit are the eco-freaks..
Basically to get back to my beginning statement, is space is the way to go
cause it might just get to expensive to mine on earth because of either the
eco-freaks or the protectionist..
Such fun we have in these interesting times.. | 10 | trimmed_train |
6,413 | A few days ago, my powerbook starts to freeze after appr. 18 seconds of inactivity.
It stays alive as long as a program is actively running or as long as the mouse is moved.
Did anyone experience similar problems?
Any known fixes?
Please reply by email as I can't read this newsgroup normally.
Regards, Mike Fisher ([email protected])
--
---------------------------------------------------
Frank Siebenlist <[email protected]>
Senior Research Fellow
GINTIC Institute of Manufacturing Technology (GIMT)
Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
Nanyang Avenue
Singapore 2263
Tel: +65 799-1215 Fax: +65 791-6377 | 14 | trimmed_train |
9,639 | Well, I just got my Centris 610 yesterday. It took just over two
weeks from placing the order. The dealer (Rutgers computer store)
appologized because Apple made a substitution on my order. I ordered
the one without ethernet, but they substituted one _with_ ethernet.
He wanted to know if that would be "alright with me"!!! They must
be backlogged on Centri w/out ethernet so they're just shipping them
with!
Anyway, I'm very happy with the 610 with a few exceptions.
Being nosy, I decided to open it up _before_ powering it on for the first
time. The SCSI cable to the hard drive was only partially connected
(must have come loose in shipping). No big deal, but I would have been
pissed if I tried to boot it and it wouldn't come up!
The hard drive also has an annoying high pitched whine. I've
heard apple will exchange it if you complain, so I might try to get
it swapped.
I am also dissappionted by the lack of soft power-on/off. This
wasn't mentioned in any of the literature I saw. Also, the location
of the reset/interupt buttons is awful. Having keyboard control for
these functions was much more convenient.
Oh, and the screen seems tojump in a wierd way on power-up.
I've seen this mentioned by others, so it must be a...feature...
Anyway, above all, it's fast. A great machine at a great price! | 14 | trimmed_train |
4,128 |
Pardon me? *I* am trying to apply human terms to non-humans?
I think there must be some confusion here. I'm the guy who is
saying that if animal behaviour is instinctive then it does *not*
have any moral sugnificance. How does refusing to apply human
terms to animals get turned into applying human terms?
I'm sure you do think this, if you say so. How about trying to
convince me?
I've offered, four times, I think, to accept your definition if
you allow me to ascribe moral significence to the orbital motion
of the planets.
Ah, the law of "silly" and "less silly". what Mr Livesey finds
intuitive is "silly" but what Mr Schneider finds intuitive is "less
silly".
Now that's a devastating argument, isn't it. | 8 | trimmed_train |
5,890 | Hello,
Anyone know of any source code I can get to either create window
dumps in GIF format, or convert an XWD (x window dump) file
into a GIF? Really could be any format I can manipulate in DOS,
i.e. PCX, BMP, etc.
later,
shane
| 16 | trimmed_train |
2,191 |
Where do insparations/Miracles fit in? I was a new reader to the bible
and Qu'ran at the same time in my life and I can tell you that I would
have drifted in my faith if Those books were not exposed to me.
| 0 | trimmed_train |
3,156 |
I don't think such tools exist either. In addition, there's no such
thing as objective information. All together, it looks like religion
and any doctrines could be freely misused to whatever purpose.
This all reminds me of Descartes' whispering deamon. You can't trust
anything. So why bother.
Cheers,
Kent | 8 | trimmed_train |
8,701 | I am selling my Sportster to make room for a new FLHTCU.
This scoot is in excellent condition and has never been wrecked or abused.
Always garaged.
1990 Sportster 883 Standard (blue)
factory 1200cc conversion kit
less than 8000 miles
Branch ported and polished big valve heads
Screamin Eagle carb
Screamin Eagle cam
adjustable pushrods
Harley performance mufflers
tachometer
new Metzeler tires front and rear
Progressive front fork springs
Harley King and Queen seat and sissy bar
everything chromed
O-ring chain
fork brace
oil cooler and thermostat
new Die-Hard battery
bike cover | 12 | trimmed_train |
8,143 | Hi!
I am looking for the email address of the author to
"A Generic Solution to Polygon Clipping",
Communication of the ACM, July 1992, Vol. 35, No. 7.
I got information about the author as follows
Mr. Bala R. Vatti
LCEC, 65 River Road, Hudson, N.H. 03051
email: [email protected]
I want to get some related and detailed papers about the
same topic from the author. But I failed to send my email
to the address. Any information is appreciated.
Thank you very much.
Best regards. | 1 | trimmed_train |
336 | Does anybody have any idea where I could find a program that can
convert a .GIF image into a .BMP image suitable for a Windows
wallpaper (i.e. 256 colors). Hopefully there's something out there
I can get from an ftp site somewhere...
Thanks in advance... | 18 | trimmed_train |
9,632 |
Several chemists already have come up with several substitutes for
R12. You don't hear about them because the Mobile Air Conditioning Society
(MACS), that is, the people who stand to rake in that $300 to $1000 per
retrofit per automobile, have mounted an organized campaign to squash those
R12 substitutes out of existence if not ban them altogether (on very shaky
technical grounds, at best, on outright lies at worst).
Does this piss you off? Yes? Write a letter to your congressman, to
your senator, to the president, to the EPA, and to the DOT and complain.
Later, | 4 | trimmed_train |
826 |
Hey! I LIKE quiche, even if I did have to look
at your note to spell it (assumed) correctly.
Really, you <*sniff*> tough guys are all the same... | 12 | trimmed_train |
559 |
It's a fair stretch of anyone's imagination to expect them to
attach any credibility to anything written in Time magazine in
the past twenty years, I'd imagine. The Enquirer at least gets
the names attached to the right body parts.
=Mark
-- | 9 | trimmed_train |
11,255 |
Did you miss my post on this topic with the quote from The Indonesian
Handbook and Fred Rice's comments about temporary marriages? If so,
I will be glad to repost them. Will you accept that it just may be
a practice among some Muslims, if I do? Or will you continue to claim
that we are all lying and that it is "not practised at all amongst Muslims".
I don't think F. Karner has to tell everyone anything. Least of all that
he is lying. | 8 | trimmed_train |
5,741 |
Says who? Other than a hear-say god.
You sure don't understand it.
Bill, I hereby award you the Golden Shovel Award for the biggist pile of
bullshit I've seen in a whils. I'm afraid there's not a bit of religion in
macroevolution, and you've made a rather grand statement that Science can
not explain origins; to a large extent, it already has!
| 8 | trimmed_train |
5,075 |
This posts contains too many fallacies to respond too.
1) The abolishment of divinity requires the elimination of
freewill.
You have not shown this. You have not even attempted to. However,
the existance of an Omniscience being does eliminate freewill in mortals.*
* Posted over five months ago. No one has been able to refute it,
nor give any reasonable reasons against it.
--
"Satan and the Angels do not have freewill.
They do what god tells them to do. " | 8 | trimmed_train |
8,779 |
Another word (offense) makes them my pick for last too.
(Well, there's also my policy of never picking a Buck Rodgers' team for last)
The 1961 Angels were 1/2 game out of 7th. The Athletics and
expansion Senators finished tied for last.
The 1962 Colt 45's finshed 8th - ahead of the Cubs (the Mets were last).
The 1969 Royals finshed 4th - ahead of the White Sox (the Pilots in last).
The 1977 Mariners finished 6th - ahead of the Athletics(in last).
Apparently being an expansion team with a poor A's or Chicago
team around is a `good thing'
This may be an appropriate comparison.
The 1929-31 Yankees finshed 2nd, 3rd and 2nd finshing
18, 16 and 13-1/2 games out of first.
In 1933,'34 and '35 they also finished second ( though they were only
7, 7 and 3 games out).
Even great teams can lose - That's why they play the season.
(on the other hand... I'm still picking the Braves to go all the way) | 2 | trimmed_train |
4,194 | These programs all include complete printed manuals and
registration cards. I need to get rid of some excess.
They're the latest versions. I've priced these programs
at less than half the list price and significantly less
than the cheapest mail-order price around.
* MICROSOFT ENTERTAINMENT PACK VOLUME ONE, includes eight
different Windows-based games, including Tetris, Taipei,
Minesweeper, TicTactics, Golf, Cruel, Pegged, and IdleWild,
list $49, sale $20.
* JUST JOKING FOR WINDOWS 1.0, database of jokes from
WordStar, can quickly find jokes for many different
occasions, useful for business writers, speechwriters,
presenters, and others, more than 2,800 jokes under 250
topics, can search by keyword and author, list $49, sale
$25.
* HUMOR PROCESSOR 2.02, DOS-based database of jokes,
requires only 384 KB of RAM, along with thousands of
categorized jokes you can quickly find also includes an
online tutorial for writing your own jokes with proven
comedy forumulas, list $99, sale $45.
* HISTORY OF THE WORLD 1.0, multimedia CD-ROM covering cave
society to the present, includes recordings of 25 famous
speeches from Churchhill, Gandi, and others, list $795, sale
$160.
If you're interested in any of these programs, please phone me at
215-885-7446 (Philadelphia) and I'll save the package for you. | 5 | trimmed_train |
7,094 |
Glad to hear that it's working for you!
I couldn't find it on "export". However, Simon Leinen
<[email protected]> has added an Imakefile and an Athena
version, and made it available for FTP in the file
liasun3.epfl.ch:/pub/X/contrib/xrpc.tar.z. (Note the ".z"
suffix; you'll need GNU gzip -- also on liasun3 in /pub/gnu --
to uncompress it.)
If this doesn't work, send me a note and I'd be happy to mail you
a copy; but you probably won't get it until the start of May --
I'm on holidays as of tomorrow! :-)
--
Martin Janzen [email protected] (134.87.131.13)
MPR Teltech Ltd. 8999 Nelson Way Burnaby, BC, CANADA V5A 4B5
| 16 | trimmed_train |
7,772 | In the MacUser article on the new centris and quadra machines mentioned
that the C650 and the Q800, and not the C610, had ROM accelerated video.
It didn't seem to make much difference in their "benchmark" test.
What is it? I don't recall seeing it in Dale Adams post.
-Erik Speckman | 14 | trimmed_train |
812 | The following press release was distributed April 1 by
NASA Headquarters.
Space Station Redesign Advisory Members Named
Along with Dr. Charles M. Vest, recently named by Vice President
Albert Gore to head the advisory committee on the redesign of the
Space Station, NASA has announced the names of representatives
from government and industry and academic experts from across the
country to participate in an independent review of the redesign
options being developed by NASA.
"I am extremely honored to have been selected to lead this
important review panel. America's future in science and
technology and as a world leader in space demands our utmost
attention and care," said Vest. "We have assembled a diverse
panel of experts that, I believe, will bring the appropriate
measures of insight, integrity and objectivity to this critical
task."
The advisory committee is charged with independently assessing
various redesign options of the space station presented by NASA's
redesign team, and proposing recommendations to improve
efficiency and effectiveness of the space station program. Space
station international partners also are being asked to
participate and will be named at a later date. The advisory
committee will submit its recommendations in June.
Advisory committee members named today include:
Dr. Charles Vest Dr. Bobby Alford
President, MIT Executive VP & Dean of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
Mr. Jay Chabrow Dr. Paul Chu
President, JMR Associates Director, Texas Center for
Superconductivity
University of Houston
Dr. Ed Crawley Dr. John Fabian
Prof of Aero & Astro President & CEO
MIT ANSER
Maj. Gen. James Fain Dr. Edward Fort
Deputy Chief of Staff for Chancellor
Requirements; Headquarters North Carolina AT&T
USAF Materials Command State University
Dr. Mary Good Mr. Frederick Hauck
Senior VP of Technology President, International Technical
Allied Signal, Inc. Underwriters
Dr. Lou Lanzerotti Mr. William Lilly
Chair, Space Sciences National Academy of Public
Board, National Research Administration
Council
Mr. Duane McRuer Dr. Brad Parkinson
President Systems Technology Prof of Astro & Aero
Stanford University
Dr. Robert Seamans Dr. Lee Silver
Former NASA Deputy Admin. W.M. Keck Foundation Professor
for Resource Geology
California Institute of
Technology | 10 | trimmed_train |
4,764 |
Damn right. I was late for a climbing meet one morning, so I got
out of bed without bothering that my right foot was still asleep.
It reminded me by folding underneath with a crunching of Metatarsals.
Lucky the brake's on the right, but i got funny looks riding thru
London with one leg held aloft. | 12 | trimmed_train |
9,720 | Sherri Nichols writes
Or a young Don Bordello...
There's a strong possibility that the Bucs have absolutely no other catching
prospects in the minors at this point -- at least nobody ready for any serious
AAA/majors duty. The main reason they might have stayed with Prince could be
just age, especially if Spanky was creeping toward his mid-30s or something.
All things considered, though, I'd be a lot more comfortable with Spanky behind
the plate than Prince. Isn't there decent backup backstop out there looking
for work?
| 2 | trimmed_train |
6,883 |
Sjogren's syndrome has been known to induce dryness in vaginal tissue as well
as induce primary biliary cirrhosis. Otherwise the abdominal swelling could be
due to a complication of Sjogren's known as pseudolymphoma which *can* produce
a splenomegaly (enlarged spleen). She should definitely see a rheumatologist.
Since you don't mention skin disorder, anemia, or joint pain you'd probably
rule out erythema nodosum or scleroderma.
Josh
[email protected]
| 19 | trimmed_train |
4,852 | Just had the opportunity to watch this flick on A&E -- some 15 years
since I saw it last.
I was very interested in the technology demonstrated in this film
for handling infectious diseases (and similar toxic substances).
Clearly they "faked" a lot of the computer & robotic technology;
certainly at the time it was made most of that was science fiction
itself, let alone the idea of a "space germ".
Quite coincidentally [actually this is what got me wanted to see
the movie again] I watched a segment on the otherwise awful _How'd
They Do That?_ dealing with a disease researcher at the CDC's top
lab. There was description of the elaborate security measures taken
so that building will never be "cracked" so to speak by man or
nature (short of deliberate bombing from the air, perhaps). And
the researchers used "spacesuits" similar to that in the film.
I'm curious what people think about this film -- short of "silly".
Is such a facility technically feasible today?
As far as the plot, and the crystalline structure that is not Life
As We Know It, that's a whole 'nother argument for rec.arts.sf.tech
or something. | 19 | trimmed_train |
893 | In <[email protected]>, [email protected] sez:
Even if Brett's eventual-return figures were correct -- and they
clearly weren't -- he'd still be wrong about the cause for the '86
blip because he fails to consider 2 basic factors:
1) As Ted notes, not everyone is a long-term investor. One might find
oneself, as I did in late 1986, anticipating expenses in the near term
that require selling off holdings. Given the choice between waiting a
few weeks (and taking an extra tax hit) or selling in December with
preferential tax treatment, only a fool would choose the former.
2) The fact that Brett can now construct _post hoc_ calculations of
what would have been more beneficial to investors is in many respects
beside the point. There was plenty of _Money_-style advice given to
unsophisticated investors in late 1986 to "sell now and save on
taxes." In case anyone missed it, there was no shortage of similar
advice late last year (in the NYTimes, e.g.), even though that advice
was based not on the foregone conclusion of enacted law (as in 1986),
but merely on the *assumption* that Clinton would raise tax rates
(without capping CG taxes, contrary to the current proposal).
It's nice to think that investors always behave in their optimal
economic interest. Like assuming weightless ropes and frictionless
pulleys, though, this sort of thinking often fails to describe
accurately what happens in the real world.
| 13 | trimmed_train |
5,772 | I tried to e-mail you but it bounced so...
Hi there,
It might be that the X terminal doesn't support the "Postscript
Extensions to X" product. I use the 'dxpsview' program on a
DECstation 5000 to view postscript files but when I moved to an
NCD X terminal, I couldn't use it any more. So I ftp'd and
compiled GhostScript (GNU software). Now we can view postscript
files on our X terminals.
Hope this helps.
Grant
| 16 | trimmed_train |
1,442 |
Close. My mother comes from Gainesville Tex, right across the border.
They claim to be the chigger capitol of the world, and I believe them.
When I grew up in Fort Worth it was bad enough, but in Gainesville
in the summer an attack was guaranteed. | 19 | trimmed_train |
4,918 | Ok. My Aykut., what about the busload of Greek turists that was
torched, and all the the people in the buis died. Happened oh, about 5
years ago in Instanbul.
What about the Greeks in the islands of Imbros and tenedos, they
are not allowed to have churches any more, instead momama turkey has
turned the church into a warehouse, I got a picture too.
What about the pontian Greeks of Trapezounta and Sampsounta,
what you now call Trabzon and Sampson, they spoke a 2 thousand year alod
language, are there any left that still speek or were they Islamicised?
Before we start another flamefest , and before you start quoting
Argic all over again, or was it somebody else?, please think. I know it
is a hard thing to do for somebody not equipped , but try nevertheless.
If Turks in Greece were so badly mistreated how come they
elected two,m not one but two, representatives in the Greek government?
How come they have free(absolutely free) hospitalization and education?
Do the Turks in Turkey have so much?If they do then you have every right
to shout, untill then you can also move to Greece and enjoy those
privileges. But I forget , for you do study in a foreign university,
some poor shod is tiling the earth with his own sweat.
BTW is Aziz Nessin still writing poetry? I'd like to read some
of his new stuff. Also who was the guy that wrote "On the mountains of
Tayros." ? please respond kindly to the last two questions, I am
interested in finding more books from these two people.
| 6 | trimmed_train |
5,408 | Hi everyone,
I have a question regarding my stack on my pc. I am programming
in Turbo C 3.0 and my program is rather large (model large too). I keep
getting errors that I am running out of memory after a while of running the
program. When I compile the program, it says I have 4.45 meg of RAM so
I can't seem to explain why it crashes.
All it is doing is running in a loop while the operator is idle and
after a while of sitting, it will screw up all the variables. This leads
me to believe that my stack is filling up and overflowing.
Does the program take memory up when it is calling void functions
that do not return anything??
I have been working on this problem for days and I would really
appreciate any responce. If this is not the correct newsgroup, I will
gladly re-post, but this is the only I could find. | 3 | trimmed_train |
7,678 |
That's nice, but it doesn't answer the question. There is a difference
between "the feds can mandate literacy" and "the feds can't interfere
with literacy/book possession".
Actually, the Miller court did nothing of the kind. It remanded
the case back to the trial court because the miller court didn't
know if the weapon in question was a militia weapon. (Doesn't it
bother anyone that a major constitutional issue was taken up in
a case where there was no defense? Miller had been released by
the appeals court and disappeared - only the govt was represented.)
We don't know what would have happened with the reasonable "all guns
are militia weapons" argument.
-andy | 9 | trimmed_train |
4,551 | At one time there was speculation that the first spacewalk
(Alexei Leonov ?) was a staged fake.
Has any evidence to support or contradict this claim emerged ?
Was this claim perhaps another fevered Cold War hallucination ?
| 10 | trimmed_train |
8,613 |
Thanks again. One final question. The name Gehrels wasn't known to
me before this thread came up, but the May issue of Scientific American
has an article about the "Inconstant Cosmos", with a photo of Neil
Gehrels, project scientist for NASA's Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.
Same person?
--
Mark Brader, SoftQuad Inc., Toronto "Information! ... We want information!"
utzoo!sq!msb, [email protected] -- The Prisoner | 10 | trimmed_train |
2,753 | 1987 ARIENS RIDING LAWN MOWER
This mower is in perfect condition and
contains the following features:
- Electric Start
- 26 inch cut
- Double Rear Baggers
- New Battery
- New Engine (one year old)
- Inflatable Tires (gives nice ride)
- Cushioned Seat (gives nice ride)
- Tuned up and blade sharpened in the
past month
I am moving into a house that has a
small area of grass to cut and does not
require such large mower. The engine was
replaced, not rebuilt, last year due to
some faulty work done by a lawn mower
repair shop. | 5 | trimmed_train |
3,744 | Do you recall which issue this was in? I posted a message related to this a
while back to provoke an argument so that I could get the straight dope on
this. This article would probably give me all the definitive answers that I
want. | 3 | trimmed_train |
5,863 | I was wrong! I guess they are closer to $800 new! I will
probably still sell them for the above implied $300 obo.
Email me if you want more specifics. This is a really
attractive set of books, kind of a Bible encyclopedia set.
Also email me if you know more about these books or post
the information here.
| 5 | trimmed_train |
9,643 | Your Custom Resume On Disk!
*Macintosh or IBM compatible!*
Never pay the high cost of copy service again. We will completely
develop and format your custom resume package and mail you the disk or
transmit the information via electronic mail within 48 hours! With over
25 years experience in the employment industry and a member of the
National Resume Writer's Association you can leave the burden of
developing your resume to us! You can easily custom edit all
information to target each company and position.
Complete $40.00 package includes:
-> Custom developed resume
-> Custom cover letter
-> Custom follow-up letter
-> Custom interview thank you letter
-> Custom job acceptance letter
-> Custom job decline letter
-> Custom resignation letter
Laser printed copies on high-quality paper available upon request. | 5 | trimmed_train |
10,146 | Second Wave makes NuBus card cages that work on the PDS slots of at
least three Macs: the SE/30, IIsi and Centris 610. They have not, to
my knowledge, announced such a device for the LCII, but they could
make one, technologically.
The PDS card that goes to the cage simply needs the NuBus controller
circuitry present on NuBus Macs.
Why, though, does anyone care about this? dgr has a three-PDS
adapter for the LC/LCII. They will soon have one for the LCIII. PDS
is better than NuBus for most people in most applications. Granted,
there are more NuBus cards. But, most applications that require a
NuBus card (like full-motion video capture) shouldn't be done on an
LC/LCII/LCIII anyway. | 14 | trimmed_train |
8,700 | Ten Questions about arab countries
----------------------------------
I would be thankful if any of you who live in arab countries could
help to provide accurate answers to the following specific questions.
These are indeed provocative questions but they are asked time and
again by people around me.
1. Is it true that many arab countries don't recognize
Israeli nationality ? That people with Israeli stamps on their
passports can't enter arabic countries?
2. Is it true that arabic countries such as Jordan and Syria
have undefined borders and that arab governments from 1948 until today
have refused to state where the ultimate borders of their states
should be?
3. Is it true that arab countires refused to sign the Chemical
weapon convention treaty in Paris in 1993?
4. Is it true that in arab prisons there are a number of
individuals which were tried in secret and for which their
identities, the date of their trial and their imprisonment are
state secrets ?
4a. Is it true that some arab countries, like Syria, harbor Nazi
war criminals, and refuse to extradite them?
4b. Is it true that some arab countries, like Saudi Arabia,
prohibit women from driving cars?
5. Is it true that Jews who reside in the Muslim
countries are subject to different laws than Muslims?
6. Is it true that arab countries confiscated the property of
entire Jewish communites forced to flee by anti-Jewish riots?
7. Is it true that Israel's Prime Minister, Y. Rabin, signed
a chemical weapons treaty that no arab nation was willing to sign?
8. Is it true that Syrian Jews are required to leave a $10,000
deposit before leaving the country, and are no longer allowed to
emmigrate, despite promises made by Hafez Assad to George Bush?
9. Is it true that Jews in Muslim lands are required to pay a
special tax, for being Jews?
10. Is it true that Intercontinental Hotel in Jerusalem was built
on a Jewish cemetary, with roads being paved over grave sites, and
gravestones being used in Jordanian latrines?
11. Is it really cheesy and inappropriate to post lists of biased
leading questions?
11a. Is it less appropriate if information implied in Mr.
Davidsson's questions is highly misleading?
Adam
Adam Shostack [email protected] | 6 | trimmed_train |
2,175 | Having read the various "Clipper" announcements on the net over the last few
days and a LOT of uninformed speculation about the chip, its uses,
government plots, etc, I have the following questions.
1) What does the "Clipper chip" actually implement? Just the Skipjack
cryptographic algorithm? Or does it also implement a "chip to chip"
communications protocol? If it does implement a communications
protocol, can it be used as just a "crypt chip" also.
2) Where can the chip specifications and spec sheets be obtained?
3) Who may purchase them and under what conditions?
4) Are there restrictions as to how the chip may be used in a system?
5) The security of the algorithm and the encrypted communications does
not appear to require that the "Family key" be a secret. Why is
it a secret? What happens when the "family key" becomes well known?
If it's a secret to make traffic analysis more difficult, does
the "Law enforcement message" contain any random information?
How much and how random is it?
6) Can the chip be programmed to reveal the "Unit key"? The chip "serial
number"? Any of the programming parameters?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Raymond S. Brand [email protected] | 7 | trimmed_train |
10,669 |
Another CPR Non-Fact.
Actually, they are free to leave and seek work in Egypt, except that
the Egyptians don't want them, either. And who are you going to blame
if/when Gazans establish their own state of Gaza/Palestine?
Actually, one such Jew who did risk his life to help Gazan Arabs was
hacked to death by Palestinean murderers just last week. It seems
that the risk has been primarily from the Arabs "in need of help".
This is also true for telephone repairmen, traders who seek to buy
agricultural products from Gazans, Israeli soldiers who get involved
in fighting between feuding Palestinean groups that are as determined
to destroy each other as they are to destroy outsiders...
I just wanna see you try this here in the USA. You know what's going
to happen.
Okay. That's enough. I'm not going to read this posting of yours any
further.
| 6 | trimmed_train |
1,037 | Today marks the 78th anniversary of the Armenian genocide of
2.5 million Turks and Kurds in Eastern Anatolia and x-Soviet
Armenia. The following letter, which represents a small portion
of the full text, along with more than 200 pages of historical
documents, scholarly sources, eyewitness accounts and photographs,
was sent to President Bill Clinton, members of Congress, editors,
program directors and columnists of major newspapers, journals and
radio/TV stations for the 78th anniversary of the Armenian genocide
of 2.5 million Muslim people. On April 23 of every year, the people
of Turkiye remember their dead. They grieve for lost family and the
lost homes of their grandfathers. This year the Turkish Nation is
mourning and praying again for her fallen heroes who gave their
lives generously and with altruism, so that the future generations
may live on that anointed soil of the Turkish land happily and
prosperously.
------------------------- letter ----------------------------------
During the years of World War I, the x-Soviet Armenian Government
has planned and perpetrated the 'Genocide' of the Muslim people, which
not only took the lives of 2.5 million Muslim people, but was also the
method used to empty the Turkish homeland of its inhabitants. To this day,
Turkish historic lands remain occupied by the x-Soviet Armenia. In order
to cover up the fact of its usurpation of the historic Turkish homeland,
which is the crux of Turkish political demands, fascist x-Soviet Armenia
continues its anti-Turkish policy in the following ways:
1. x-Soviet Armenia denies the historical fact of the Turkish Genocide
in order to shift international public opinion away from its political
responsibility.
2. x-Soviet Armenia, employing ASALA/SDPA/ARF Terrorism and Revisionism
Triangle, attempts to call into question the veracity of the Turkish
Genocide.
3. x-Soviet Armenia has also implemented state-sponsored terrorism through
the ASALA/SDPA/ARF Terrorism and Revisionism Triangle in an attempt to
silence the Turkish people's vehement demands and protests.
4. Using all its human, financial, and governmental resources, x-Soviet
Armenia and its tools in the United States attempt to silence through
terrorism, bribery and other subversive methods, non-Turkish supporters
of the Turkish cause, be they political, governmental and humanitarian.
Using all the aforementioned methods, the x-Soviet Armenian Government
is attempting to neutralize the international diplomatic community from
making the Turkish Case a contemporary issue.
Yet despite the efforts of the x-Soviet Armenian Government and its
terrorist and revisionist organizations, in the last decades, thanks
to the struggle of those whose closest ones have been systematically
exterminated by the Armenians, the international wall of silence on
this issue has begun to collapse, and consequently a number of
governments and organizations have become supportive of the recognition
of the Turkish Genocide.
With the full knowledge that the struggle for the Turkish territorial
demands are still in their initial stages, the Turkish and Kurdish people
will unflaggingly continue in this sacred struggle, therefore the victims
of the Turkish Genocide demand:
1. that the x-Soviet Armenian Government, as the heirs of the Armenian
Dictatorship, recognize the Turkish Genocide;
2. that x-Soviet Armenia return the historic homeland to the Turkish and
Kurdish people;
3. that the x-Soviet Armenian Government make material reparations for
their heinous and unspeakable crime to the victims of the Turkish Genocide;
4. that all world governments, and especially the United States, officially
recognize the Turkish Genocide and Turkish territorial rights and refuse
to succumb to all Armenian political pressure;
5. that the U.S. Government free itself from the friendly position it
has adopted towards its unreliable ally, x-Soviet Armenia, and officially
recognize the historical fact of the Turkish Genocide as well as be
supportive of the pursuit of Turkish territorial demands;
6. that the x-Soviet Republics officially recognize the historical fact
of the Turkish Genocide and include the cold-blooded extermination of
2.5 million Muslim people in their history books.
The awareness of the Turkish people of the necessity of solidarity in the
efforts to pursue the Turkish Cause is seen by the victims of the first
genocide of the 20th century as a positive step. Furthermore, a new
generation has risen - equipped with a deep sense of commitment, politically
mature and conscious, who determinedly pursue the Turkish Cause, through
all necessary means, ranging from the political and diplomatic to the
armed struggle. Therefore, the victims of the Turkish Genocide call upon
all Muslims in the United States and Canada to participate vigorously in
the political, cultural and religious activities of the 78th Anniversary
of the Armenian genocide of 2.5 million Muslim people.
Serdar Argic | 6 | trimmed_train |
3,371 |
Nationwide, the immunization rate among toddlers is about 50%, but
it is reportedly as low as 10% in some inner-city neighborhoods.
I bet more than 10% kids living in such neighborhoods are already
covered by Medicaid.
Here in Massachussets, we have had a universal immunization program,
the kind of Clinton seems to be proposing, for many years (two decades?).
Mass' immunization rate is 65%. What about the other 35%? I guess
some parents are indeed too ignorant or too lazy , or simply do not
care.
???
--
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disclaimer: Opinions expressed are mine, not my employer's. | 13 | trimmed_train |
7,068 | :>Top Ten Ways Slick Willie Could Improve His Standing With Americans
:>
:>10. Institute a national sales tax to pay for the socialization of
:> America's health care resources.
:>
:>9. Declare war on Serbia. Reenact the draft.
:>
:>8. Stimulate the economy with massive income transfers to Democtratic
:> constituencies.
:>
:>7. Appoint an unrepetent socialist like Mario Cuomo to the Suprmeme Court.
:>
:>6. Focus like a laser beam on gays in the military.
:>
:>5. Put Hillary in charge of the Ministry of Truth and move Stephanopoulos
:> over to socialzed health care.
:>
:>4. Balance the budget through confiscatory taxation.
:>
:>3. Remind everyone, again, how despite the Democrats holding the
:> Presidency, the majority of seats in the House, and in the Senate,
:> the Republicans have still managed to block his tax-and-spend programs.
:>
:>2. Go back to England and get a refresher course in European Socialism.
:>
***SNIP***
And the number one way Slick Willie could improve his standing with
Americans...
(Drum roll Anton)
1. Get himself an appointment with Dr. Kervorkian - and keep it!
--
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
** John Kerrigan a.k.a. [email protected] ** | 13 | trimmed_train |
9,828 |
If you want info claiming that blacks were brought to earth 60 trillion
years ago by Aliens from the plante Shabazz, I can send you literature from
the Nation of Islam (Farrakhan's group) who believe this.
If you want info claiming that the Holocaust never happened, I can send you
info from IHR (Institute for Historical Review - David Irving's group), or
just read Dan Gannon's posts on alt.revisionism.
I just wanted to put Steve's post in with the company that it deserves.
| 6 | trimmed_train |
4,616 | In certain Apple 13" RGB monitors there has been a problem with
the HIGH VOLTAGE CAPASITOR. Apple knows about this problem and is
replacing the cap at no cost if it falls into the bad batch that
they got from their supplier. Your local repair shop should know about
REPAIR EXTENSION 3L0218.
| 14 | trimmed_train |
11,156 | ------------- cut here -----------------
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 13
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
Gonorrhea -- Colorado, 1985-1992
================================
SOURCE: MMWR 42(14) DATE: Apr 16, 1993
The number of reported cases of gonorrhea in Colorado increased 19.9%
from 1991 to 1992 after declining steadily during the 1980s. In comparison, in
the United States, reported cases of gonorrhea in 1992 continued an overall
decreasing trend (1). This report summarizes an analysis of the increase in
gonorrhea in Colorado in 1992 and characterizes trends in the occurrence of
this disease from 1985 through 1992.
In 1992, 4679 cases of gonorrhea were reported to the Colorado Department
of Health (CDH) compared with 3901 cases reported in 1991. During 1992,
reported cases increased 22.7% and 17.5% among females and males, respectively
(Table 1). Similar increases occurred among blacks, whites, and Hispanics
(15.6%, 15.1%, and 15.9%, respectively); however, the number of reported cases
with race not specified increased 88% from 1991 to 1992 and constituted 9.7%
of all reported cases in 1992. Although the largest proportional increases by
age groups occurred among persons aged 35-44 years (80.4%) and greater than or
equal to 45 years (87.7%), these age groups accounted for only 11.0% of all
reported cases in 1992. Persons in the 15-19-year age group accounted for the
largest number of reported cases of gonorrhea during 1992 and the highest age
group-specific rate (639 per 100,000).
Reported cases of gonorrhea increased 32.9% in the five-county Denver
metropolitan area (1990 population: 1,629,466) but decreased elsewhere in the
state (Table 1). Half the cases of gonorrhea in the Denver metropolitan area
occurred in 8.4% (34) of the census tracts; these represent neighborhoods
considered by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)/acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS) field staff to be the focus of gang and drug activity.
When compared with 1991, the number of gonorrhea cases diagnosed among
men in the Denver Metro Health Clinic (DMHC, the primary public STD clinic in
the Denver metropolitan area) increased 33% in 1992, and the number of visits
by males to the clinic increased 2.4%. Concurrently, the number of cases
diagnosed among women increased by 1%. Among self-identified heterosexual men,
the number of gonorrhea cases diagnosed at DMHC increased 33% and comprised
94% of all cases diagnosed in males, while the number of cases diagnosed among
self-identified homosexual men remained low (71 and 74 in 1991 and 1992,
respectively).
Four selected laboratories in the metropolitan Denver area (i.e., HMO,
university hospital, nonprofit family planning, and commercial) were contacted
to determine whether gonorrhea culture-positivity rates increased. Gonorrhea
culture-positivity rates in three of four laboratories contacted increased
23%-33% from 1991 to 1992, while the rate was virtually unchanged in the
fourth (i.e., nonprofit family planning).
From 1985 through 1991, reported cases of gonorrhea among whites and
Hispanics in Colorado decreased; in comparison, reported cases among blacks
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 14
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
increased since 1988 (Figure 1). During 1988-1992, the population in Colorado
increased 9.9% for blacks, 9.8% for Hispanics, and 4.5% for whites. In 1992,
the gonorrhea rate for blacks (1935 per 100,000 persons) was 57 times that for
whites (34 per 100,000) and 12 times that for Hispanics (156 per 100,000)
(Table 1). Among black females, reported cases of gonorrhea increased from
1988 through 1992 in the 15-19-year age group; among black males, cases
increased from 1989 through 1992 in both the 15-19-and 20-24-year age groups.
Reported by: KA Gershman, MD, JM Finn, NE Spencer, MSPH, STD/AIDS Program; RE
Hoffman, MD, State Epidemiologist, Colorado Dept of Health. JM Douglas, MD,
Denver Dept of Health and Hospitals. Surveillance and Information Systems Br,
Div of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV Prevention, National Center for
Prevention Svcs, CDC.
Editorial Note: The increase in reported gonorrhea cases in Colorado in 1992
may represent an overall increase in the occurrence of this disease or more
complete reporting stimulated by visitations to laboratories by CDH
surveillance staff during 1991-1992. The increases in confirmed gonorrhea
cases at DMHC and in culture-positivity rates in three of four laboratories
suggest a real increase in gonorrhea rather than a reporting artifact.
However, the stable culture-positivity rate in the nonprofit family planning
laboratory (which serves a network of clinics statewide) indicates that the
gonorrhea increase did not uniformly affect all segments of the population.
One possible explanation for the increased occurrence of gonorrhea in
Colorado may be gang- and drug-related sexual behavior, as implicated in a
recent outbreak of drug-resistant gonorrhea and other STDs in Colorado Springs
(2). Although the high morbidity census tracts in the Denver metropolitan area
coincide with areas of gang and drug activity, this hypothesis requires
further assessment. To examine the possible role of drug use -- implicated
previously as a factor contributing to the national increase in syphilis (3-6)
-- the CDH STD/AIDS program is collecting information from all persons in whom
gonorrhea is diagnosed regarding drug use, exchange of sex for money or drugs,
and gang affiliation.
The gonorrhea rate for blacks in Colorado substantially exceeds the
national health objective for the year 2000 (1300 per 100,000) (objective
19.1a) (7). Race is likely a risk marker rather than a risk factor for
gonorrhea and other STDs. Risk markers may be useful for identifying groups at
greatest risk for STDs and for targeting prevention efforts. Moreover, race-
specific variation in STD rates may reflect differences in factors such as
socioeconomic status, access to medical care, and high-risk behaviors.
In response to the increased occurrence of gonorrhea in Colorado,
interventions initiated by the CDH STD/AIDS program include 1) targeting
partner notification in the Denver metropolitan area to persons in groups at
increased risk (e.g., 15-19-year-old black females and 20-24-year-old black
males); 2) implementing a media campaign (e.g., public service radio
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 15
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
announcements, signs on city buses, newspaper advertisements, and posters in
schools and clinics) to promote awareness of STD risk and prevention targeted
primarily at high-risk groups, and 3) developing teams of peer educators to
perform educational outreach in high-risk neighborhoods. The educational
interventions are being developed and implemented with the assistance of
members of the target groups and with input from a forum of community leaders
and health-care providers.
References
1. CDC. Table II. Cases of selected notifiable diseases, United States, weeks
ending December 26, 1992, and December 28, 1991 (52nd week). MMWR 1993;41:975.
2. CDC. Gang-related outbreak of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae
and other sexually transmitted diseases -- Colorado Springs, Colorado, 1989-
1991. MMWR 1993;42:25-8.
3. CDC. Relationship of syphilis to drug use and prostitution -- Connecticut
and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. MMWR 1988;37:755-8, 764.
4. Rolfs RT, Goldberg M, Sharrar RG. Risk factors for syphilis: cocaine use
and prostitution. Am J Public Health 1990;80:853-7.
5. Andrus JK, Fleming DW, Harger DR, et al. Partner notification: can it
control epidemic syphilis? Ann Intern Med 1990;112:539-43.
6. Gershman KA, Rolfs RT. Diverging gonorrhea and syphilis trends in the
1980s: are they real? Am J Public Health 1991;81:1263-7.
7. Public Health Service. Healthy people 2000: national health promotion and
disease prevention objectives--full report, with commentary. Washington, DC:
US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1991; DHHS
publication no. (PHS)91-50212.
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 16
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
Effectiveness in Disease and Injury Prevention
Impact of Adult Safety-Belt Use on Restraint Use Among
Children less than 11 Years of Age -- Selected States,
1988 and 1989
======================================================
SOURCE: MMWR 42(14) DATE: Apr 16, 1993
Motor-vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among children and
young adults in the United States and account for more than 1 million years of
potential life lost before age 65 annually (1). Child safety seats and safety
belts can substantially reduce this loss (2). From 1977 through 1985, all 50
states passed legislation requiring the use of child safety seats or safety
belts for children. Although these laws reduce injuries to young children by
an estimated 8%-59% (3,4), motor-vehicle crash-related injuries remain a major
cause of disability and death among U.S. children (1), while the use of
occupant restraints among children decreases inversely with age (84% usage for
those aged 0-4 years; 57%, aged 5-11 years; and 29%, aged 12-18 years) (5). In
addition, parents who do not use safety belts themselves are less likely to
use restraints for their children (6). To characterize the association between
adult safety-belt use and adult-reported consistent use of occupant restraints
for the youngest child aged less than 11 years within a household, CDC
analyzed data obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
(BRFSS) during 1988 and 1989. This report summarizes the findings from this
study.
Data were available for 20,905 respondents aged greater than or equal to
18 years in 11 states * that participated in BRFSS -- a population-based,
random-digit-dialed telephone survey -- and administered a standard Injury
Control and Child Safety Module developed by CDC. Of these respondents, 5499
(26%) had a child aged less than 11 years in their household. Each respondent
was asked to specify the child's age and the frequency of restraint use for
that child. The two categories of child restraint and adult safety-belt use in
this analysis were 1) consistent use (i.e., always buckle up) and 2) less than
consistent use (i.e., almost always, sometimes, rarely, or never buckle up).
Data were weighted to provide estimates representative of each state. Software
for Survey Data Analysis (SUDAAN) (7) was used to calculate point estimates
and confidence intervals. Statistically significant differences were defined
by p values of less than 0.05.
Each of the 11 states had some type of child restraint law. Of these, six
(Arizona, Kentucky, Maine, Nebraska, Rhode Island, and West Virginia) had no
law requiring adults to use safety belts; four (Idaho, Maryland, Pennsylvania,
and Washington) had a secondary enforcement mandatory safety-belt law (i.e., a
vehicle had to be stopped for a traffic violation before a citation for nonuse
of safety belts could be issued); and one state (New York) had a primary
enforcement mandatory safety-belt law (i.e., vehicles could be stopped for a
safety-belt law violation alone). In nine states, child-passenger protection
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 17
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
laws included all children aged less than 5 years, but the other two states
used both age and size of the child as criteria for mandatory restraint use.
The analysis in this report subgrouped states into 1) those having a law
requiring adult safety-belt use (law states), and 2) those without such a law
(no-law states).
Overall, 21% of children aged less than 11 years reportedly were not
consistently restrained during automobile travel. Both child restraint use and
adult restraint use were significantly higher (p less than 0.05, chi-square
test) in law states than in no-law states (81.1% versus 74.3% and 58.7% versus
43.2%, respectively).
High rates of restraint use for children aged less than or equal to 1
year were reported by both adults indicating consistent and less than
consistent safety-belt use (Figure 1). Adults with consistent use reported
high rates of child-occupant restraint use regardless of the child's age
(range: 95.5% for 1-year-olds to 84.7% for 10-year-olds). In comparison, for
adults reporting less than consistent safety-belt use, the rate of child-
occupant restraint use declined sharply by the age of the child (range: 93.1%
for 1-year-olds to 28.8% for 10-year-olds). When comparing children of
consistent adult safety-belt users with children of less than consistent adult
safety-belt users, 95% confidence intervals overlap for the two youngest age
groups (i.e., aged less than 1 and 1 year).
Reported child-occupant restraint use in law states generally exceeded
that in no-law states, regardless of age of child (Table 1). In addition,
higher adult educational attainment was significantly associated with
increased restraint use for children, a factor that has also been associated
with increased adult safety-belt use (8).
Reported by: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; National
Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC.
Editorial Note: The findings in this report are consistent with others
indicating that adults who do not use safety belts themselves are less likely
to employ occupant restraints for their children (6,9). Because these
nonbelted adults are at increased risk of crashing and more likely to exhibit
other risk-taking behaviors, children traveling with them may be at greater
risk for motor-vehicle injury (10).
Educational attainment of adult respondents was inversely associated with
child restraint use in this report. Accordingly, occupant-protection programs
should be promoted among parents with low educational attainment. Because low
educational attainment is often associated with low socioeconomic status, such
programs should be offered to adults through health-care facilities that serve
low-income communities or through federal programs (i.e., Head Start) that are
directed at parents with young children.
Injury-prevention programs emphasize restraining young children. In
addition, however, efforts must be intensified to protect child occupants as
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 18
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
they become older. Parents, especially those with low educational attainment,
those who do not consistently wear safety belts, and those from states that do
not have mandatory safety-belt use laws, should be encouraged to wear safety
belts and to protect their children by using approved child safety seats and
safety belts. Finally, the increased use of restraints among children may
increase their likelihood of using safety belts when they become teenagers --
the age group characterized by the lowest rate of safety-belt use and the
highest rate of fatal crashes (5).
References
1. CDC. Childhood injuries in the United States. Am J Dis Child 1990;144:627-
46.
2. Partyka SC. Papers on child restraints: effectiveness and use. Washington,
DC: US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration, 1988; report no. DOT-HS-807-286.
3. Guerin D, MacKinnon D. An assessment of the California child passenger
restraint requirement. Am J Public Health 1985;75:142-4.
4. Hall W, Orr B, Suttles D, et al. Progress report on increasing child
restraint usage through local education and distribution programs. Chapel
Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Highway
Safety Research Center, 1983.
5. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Occupant protection trends
in 19 cities. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1991.
6. Wagenaar AC, Molnar LJ, Margolis LH. Characteristics of child safety seat
users. Accid Anal Prev 1988;20:311-22.
7. Shah BV, Barnwell BG, Hunt PN, LaVange LM. Software for Survey Data
Analysis (SUDAAN) version 5.50 Software documentation. Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina: Research Triangle Institute, 1991.
8. Lund AK. Voluntary seat belt use among U.S. drivers: geographic,
socioeconomic and demographic variation. Accid Anal Prev 1986;18:43-50.
9. Margolis LH, Wagenaar AC, Molnar LJ. Use and misuse of automobile child
restraint devices. Am J Dis Child 1992;146:361-6.
10. Hunter WW, Stutts JC, Stewart JR, Rodgman EA. Characteristics of seatbelt
users and non-users in a state with a mandatory use law. Health Education
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 19
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
Research 1990;5:161-73.
* Arizona, Idaho, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Nebraska, New York, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, Washington, and West Virginia.
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 20
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
Publication of CDC Surveillance Summaries
=========================================
SOURCE: MMWR 42(14) DATE: Apr 16, 1993
Since 1983, CDC has published the CDC Surveillance Summaries under
separate cover as part of the MMWR series. Each report published in the CDC
Surveillance Summaries focuses on public health surveillance; surveillance
findings are reported for a broad range of risk factors and health conditions.
Summaries for each of the reports published in the most recent (March 19,
1993) issue of the CDC Surveillance Summaries (1) are provided below. All
subscribers to MMWR receive the CDC Surveillance Summaries, as well as the
MMWR Recommendations and Reports, as part of their subscriptions.
SURVEILLANCE FOR AND COMPARISON OF BIRTH DEFECT PREVALENCES
IN TWO GEOGRAPHIC
AREAS -- UNITED STATES, 1983-88
Problem/Condition: CDC and some states have developed surveillance
systems to monitor the birth prevalence of major defects.
Reporting Period Covered: This report covers birth defects surveillance
in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, and selected jurisdictions in California for
the years 1983-1988.
Description of System: The California Birth Defects Monitoring Program
and the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program are two population-
based surveillance systems that employ similar data collection methods. The
prevalence estimates for 44 diagnostic categories were based on data for 1983-
1988 for 639,837 births in California and 152,970 births in metropolitan
Atlanta. The prevalences in the two areas were compared, adjusting for race,
sex, and maternal age by using Poisson regression.
Results: Regional differences in the prevalence of aortic stenosis, fetal
alcohol syndrome, hip dislocation/dysplasia, microcephalus, obstruction of the
kidney/ureter, and scoliosis/lordosis may be attributable to general
diagnostic variability. However, differences in the prevalences of arm/hand
limb reduction, encephalocele, spina bifida, or trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) are
probably not attributable to differences in ascertainment, because these
defects are relatively easy to diagnose.
Interpretation: Regional differences in prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy
termination may affect prevalences of trisomy 21 and spina bifida. However,
the reason for differences in arm/hand reduction is unknown, but may be
related to variability in environmental exposure, heterogeneity in the gene
pool, or random variation.
Actions Taken: Because of the similarities of these data bases, several
collaborative studies are being implemented. In particular, the differences in
the birth prevalence of spina bifida and Down syndrome will focus attention on
the impact of prenatal diagnosis. Authors: Jane Schulman, Ph.D., Nancy
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 21
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
Jensvold, M.P.H, Gary M. Shaw, Dr.P.H., California Birth Defects Monitoring
Program, March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. Larry D. Edmonds, M.S.P.H.,
Anne B. McClearn, Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities,
National Center for Environmental Health, CDC.
INFLUENZA -- UNITED STATES, 1988-89
Problem/Condition: CDC monitors the emergence and spread of new influenza
virus variants and the impact of influenza on morbidity and mortality annually
from October through May.
Reporting Period Covered: This report covers U.S. influenza surveillance
conducted from October 1988 through May 1989.
Description of System: Weekly reports from the vital statistics offices
of 121 cities provided an index of influenza's impact on mortality; 58 WHO
collaborating laboratories reported weekly identification of influenza
viruses; weekly morbidity reports were received both from the state and
territorial epidemiologists and from 153 sentinel family practice physicians.
Nonsystematic reports of outbreaks and unusual illnesses were received
throughout the year.
Results: During the 1988-89 influenza season, influenza A(H1N1) and B
viruses were identified in the United States with essentially equal frequency
overall, although both regional and temporal patterns of predominance shifted
over the course of the season. Throughout the season increases in the indices
of influenza morbidity in regions where influenza A(H1N1) predominated were
similar to increases in regions where influenza B predominated. Only 7% of
identified viruses were influenza A(H3N2), but isolations of this subtype
increased as the season waned, and it subsequently predominated during the
1989-90 season. During the 1988-89 season outbreaks in nursing homes were
reported in association with influenza B and A(H3N2) but not influenza
A(H1N1).
Interpretation: The alternating temporal and geographic predominance of
influenza strains A(H1N1) and B during the 1988-89 season emphasizes the
importance of continual attention to regional viral strain surveillance, since
amantadine is effective only for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A.
Actions Taken: Weekly interim analyses of surveillance data produced
throughout the season allow physicians and public health officials to make
informed choices regarding appropriate use of amantadine. CDC's annual
surveillance allows the observed viral variants to be assessed as candidates
for inclusion as components in vaccines used in subsequent influenza seasons.
Authors: Louisa E. Chapman, M.D., M.S.P.H., Epidemiology Activity, Office of
the Director, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for
Infectious Diseases; Margaret A. Tipple, M.D., Division of Quarantine,
National Center for Prevention Services, CDC. Suzanne Gaventa Folger, M.P.H.,
Health Investigations Branch, Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry. Maurice Harmon, Ph.D., Connaught
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 22
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
Laboratories, Pasteur-Mirieux Company, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania. Alan P.
Kendal, Ph.D., European Regional Office, World Health Organization,
Copenhagen, Denmark. Nancy J. Cox, Ph.D., Influenza Branch, Division of Viral
and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases; Lawrence B.
Schonberger, M.D., M.P.H., Epidemiology Activity, Office of the Director,
Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious
Diseases, CDC.
Reference
1. CDC. CDC surveillance summaries (March 19). MMWR 1993;42(no. SS-1).
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 23
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Clinical Research News
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
Clinical Research News for
Arizona Physicians
Vol. 4, No. 4, April 1993 Tucson, Arizona
Published monthly by the Office of Public Affairs at The University of Arizona
Health Sciences Center.
Copyright 1993, The University of Arizona
High Tech Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Following the birth of the first in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-
ET) baby in 1978, a host of assisted reproductive technologies have been
developed that include IVF-ET, gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT),
embryo cryopreservation (freezing) and gamete micromanipulation. Together,
these technologies are referred to as the high-tech assisted reproductive
technology (ART) procedures.
Ovulation induction, sperm insemination and surgery for tubal disease and/or
pathology still are the mainstays of the therapies available for infertility
management. However, when these fail, it almost always is appropriate to
proceed with one of the ART procedures.
Therefore, in addition to a comprehensive basic and general infertility
service at The University of Arizona Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and
Infertility, there is a program of Assisted Reproduction that specializes in
ART procedures. This program serves as a tertiary provider for those patients
in the state of Arizona whose infertility problems cannot be resolved by the
traditional therapies.
The following article (on back) describes the ART procedures available in our
Center, clarifies appropriate applications for each, and considers the
realistic expectations for their success. Procedures included are:
o in vitro
o fertilization - embryo transfer (IVF-ET), gamete intrafallopian tube
transfer
o (GIFT), cryopreservation of human embryos and gamete micromanipulation.
This article also considers ongoing research in our program that is directed
towards improved success of these technologies.
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 24
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
Future Areas of Research
In addition to ongoing research that is directed exclusively toward the
management of infertile couples, we are developing the technology to assist
couples who are at risk for producing embryos with a serious hereditary
disease.
This technology involves biopsying the preimplantation human embryo and then
subjecting the biopsied cells to genetic analysis using either DNA
amplification or fluorescent in situ hybridization.
There are recent reports of the successful application of DNA amplification by
other centers, for example, for diagnosis of the genes for cystic fibrosis and
hemophilia. We hope to apply and further focus fluorescent in situ
hybridization technology for probing the X chromosome, the identification of
which will provide a scientific basis for counselling patients who exhibit
sex-linked disorders.
The considerable clinical application of such technology lies in the fact that
it circumvents the need for prenatal diagnosis, in addition to the possibility
of a subsequent termination of affected fetuses, in order to avoid the birth
of affected children.
Catherine Racowsky, Ph.D.
Associate Professor and Director of Research
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
College of Medicine
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona
Applications, Success Rates and Advances for the
Management of Infertility
The following are the ART procedures available at The University of Arizona
Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility.
In Vitro Fertilization - Embryo Transfer is the core ART procedure of our
Assisted Reproduction Program. This procedure involves retrieval of
unfertilized eggs from the ovary, their insemination in vitro in a dish, and
the culture of resultant embryos for 1 or 2 days, before they are transferred
to the patient's uterus. All cultures are maintained in an incubator under
strictly controlled atmospheric and temperature conditions. Before being
processed for use in insemination, semen samples are evaluated in our
andrology laboratory using both subjective light microscopy and computer-
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 25
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
assisted semen analyses. To ensure an adequate number of eggs with which to
perform IVF-ET, or indeed, GIFT, follicular development is typically
stimulated, with gonadotropins (perganol, metrodin), gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH, Factrel, lutrepulse) and/or GnRH analogues (lupron, Depo
lupron, synarel). Occasionally, however, IVF-ET is accomplished with eggs
obtained in non-stimulated cycles. While some programs utilize laparoscopic
egg retrieval in the operating room with the patient under general anesthesia,
we undertake the less costly approach of ultrasound-guided retrieval in our
Infertility Unit, with the patient sedated.
Couples who resort to IVF-ET exhibit such pathologies as tubal
deficiencies, ovulatory dysfunction, endometriosis, and/or mild forms of male
factor infertility. According to the United States IVF Registry, the overall
success rate for IVF-ET nationwide has stabilized at about 14 percent per
cycle. Results from our program, involving 86 patients who have undergone 173
IVF-ET cycles, reflect a comparable success rate.
Nevertheless, the overall incidence of success with this procedure is
disconcertingly low and emphasizes the need to address those physiological
factors that limit achievement of a higher percentage of pregnancies. Well
recognized predictors of outcome include patient age, response to exogenous
ovarian stimulation, quality of sperm and number of repeated IVF-ET cycle
attempts. However, among these, age is the single most significant determinant
of conception. Therefore, it is critical that such patients are referred to an
Assisted Reproduction Program at the earliest opportunity following failure of
traditional therapies.
The underlying basis for the negative effect of age on fertility has not
been clearly delineated beyond recognition that: 1) the number of eggs
available for retrieval declines markedly with age; 2) fertilization rates
significantly decrease in eggs retrieved from patients who are over 40 years;
and 3) provided the appropriate hormonal background is present, age is
unrelated to uterine competency to sustain pregnancy. Ongoing research in our
Center, therefore, is investigating physiological changes in the egg that may
be impacted by age. We have determined that more than 50 percent of eggs that
fail to fertilize in vitro are chromosomally abnormal, and that a significant
proportion of these abnormalities are accountable to patient age. Currently,
the only recourse for such patients is to use eggs obtained from a donor. Our
program has initiated recruitment of volunteer egg donors to satisfy the needs
of a list of recipients interested in this form of therapy.
GIFT - This high-tech ART procedure is performed in the operating room,
usually with the use of a laparoscope and, in contrast to IVF-ET, involves
introducing sperm and freshly retrieved eggs into the lumen of the Fallopian
tube (an average of 3 eggs/tube). Under these circumstances, fertilization
occurs in vivo and, if excess eggs are retrieved, the remainder undergo IVF,
with subsequent options for embryo transfer in that cycle, or freezing for
transfer in a subsequent cycle. This ART procedure is applied to cases in
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 26
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
which there is at least one patent Fallopian tube but the couple has such
pathologies as ovulatory dysfunction, endometriosis, male factor infertility
and/or idiopathic infertility.
The data reported in the United States IVF Registry for 1985 through 1990
indicate that the overall success rate with GIFT is higher than that obtained
with the IVF-ET technique (range of clinical pregnancies for GIFT is 24 to 36
percent and for IVF-ET 14 to 18 percent). In view of this fact, one might
expect more patients to be treated with GIFT than IVF-ET. However, in our
program we have taken into account three basic concerns which, while
substantially reducing the number of GIFT cycles performed, benefit the
patient. These concerns are: 1) the increased costs associated with performing
a procedure in the operating room; 2) the risks, albeit minimal, of undergoing
general anesthesia; and 3) the considerable benefits to be accrued from
obtaining direct information on the quality and fertilizability of the eggs,
and the developmental competency of resultant embryos.
The increased success with GIFT undoubtedly reflects the artificial
environment provided by the laboratory in the IVF-ET procedure. Between
January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992, we have performed a total of 12 GIFT
cycles, with an overall success rate of 20 percent.
Embryo cryopreservation, or freezing, is applied in our program when
embryos result from residual GIFT eggs or from non-transferred IVF embryos.
This procedure not only provides patients with a subsequent opportunity for
success at much reduced costs, but also circumvents the legal and ethical
issues relating to disposal of supernumerary embryos. Therefore, as stipulated
by the American Fertility Society ethical guidelines for ART programs, from
both a practical and an ethical standpoint, all Assisted Reproduction programs
should have the capability of cryopreserving human embrys.
Gamete Micromanipulation - This ART procedure, which is still very new,
is applied to couples who are unaccepting of insemination with donor semen but
who have severe male factor infertility (less than 10 million sperm/ml in
combination with fewer than 20 perccent motile sperm, and/or less than 10
percent sperm with normal morphology). We are currently developing the
procedure of sub-zonal insertion (SZI), which entails injecting sperm under
the coating around the egg, the barrier normally penetrated by the sperm
through enzymatic digestion.
Available data from SZI programs world-wide indicate that only 5 to 10
percent of SZI cycles result in a pregnancy. This statistic undoubtedly
relates to limitations imposed by abnormalities inherent in the sperm.
Therefore, we are currently focusing on the development of improved techniques
for the recognition and selection of sperm chosen for manipulation. Such
efforts are unquestionably worthwhile in view of the fact that this technology
offers the only realistic opportunity for severe male factor patients to
establish conception.
Catherine Racowsky, Ph.D.
HICNet Medical Newsletter Page 27
Volume 6, Number 10 April 20, 1993
Associate Professor and Director of Research
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
College of Medicine
--------- end of part 2 ------------
| 19 | trimmed_train |
8,939 |
Hi Adda,
Most Bible scholars agree that there was one copy of each book at a certain
time -- the time when the author wrote it. Unfortunately, like all works
from this time period and earlier, all that exists today are copies.
There are parts of books, scraps really, that date from around the
mid second century (A.D. 130+). There are some complete books, letters,
etc. from the middle third century. The first complete collection of
the New Testament dates from the early 4th century (A.D. 325). Throughout
this period are writings of various early church fathers/leaders who
quoted various scriptures in their writings.
If you mean that someone discovered thousands of "Bibles" which were all
perfect copies dating from the last part of the 1st century...No!
If you mean that there are thousands of early manuscripts (within the
dates given above, but not letter perfect) and that the most probable
text can be reconstructed from these documents and that the earliest
original autographs (now lost) probably were written starting sometime
shortly after A.D. 50, then yes.
From the original authors. We call them Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Peter,
Paul, James, and one other not identified.
As long as you make it.
Regards, | 8 | trimmed_train |
9,048 | Im designing a circuit with just a silicon diode. I dont need
to modify any of the parameters. But the problem will not accept the following
statement
.model diode D
The pspice book I have is terrible. I would appreciate any help.
| 11 | trimmed_train |
9,780 |
<stuff deleted>
Good gravy! Decibels are all *ratios.* The question that remains in
any ratio is the reference unit used. Sometimes, this will be a reference
power, such as 1 milliwatt (given a certain circuit impedance which
should also be included in the fine print or known, like 50 ohms
in an RF circuit of that impedance), leading to an accepted
notation of dBm. Maybe it might be dBV, disregarding the impedance of
the circuit and power developed, using 1 volt as reference *amplitude*
(rather than reference power). Or, it might have an arbitrary or omitted
reference that is not included in the notation, leading to just plain dB.
So. look at it this way--'dB' has an implied reference while notation
such as 'dBm' has an explicit reference.
For power:
dB = 10*log( P(measured)/P(reference) )
For amplitude
dB = 20*log( A(measured)/A(reference) )
'B' is for bel, which is a standard term for a log ratio to the base
10, named after Alexander Graham Bell. A 'deci' Bel is 1/10 of a bel.
It has nothing to do with the Bell Telephone company except for
the common founder's name. The small 'd'/large 'B' is per SI notation
convention. I don't know anyone that's been crucified for messing it up.
Common references for audio are:
0 dBm = 1 milliwatt across 600 ohms
0 dBV = 1 volt
0 VU (a zero on the VU meter) = +4 dBm (pro gear line level)
0 VU = -10dBV (consumer gear line level)
Often times, a power amp VU meter will be aligned using
the rated power of the amp as the 0 dB point. It is all
done to whatever reference is reasonable for the application
or moment.
Note that in a circuit with a given (and maybe unknown) linear
impedance, if the amplitude goes up so many decibels, the
power will also increase the same amount. This proof can be done
with the above two identities and ohm's law.
--
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Dave Medin Phone: (205) 730-3169 (w)
SSD--Networking (205) 837-1174 (h)
Intergraph Corp.
M/S GD3004 Internet: [email protected]
Huntsville, AL 35894 UUCP: ...uunet!ingr!b30!catbyte!dtmedin
******* Everywhere You Look (at least around my office) ******* | 11 | trimmed_train |
51 | I have been following this thread on talk.religion,
soc.religion.christian.bible-study and here with interest. I am amazed at
the different non-biblical argument those who oppose the Sabbath present.
One question comes to mind, especially since my last one was not answered
from Scripture. Maybe clh may wish to provide the first response.
There is a lot of talk about the Sabbath of the TC being ceremonial.
Answer this:
Since the TC commandments is one law with ten parts on what biblical
basis have you decided that only the Sabbath portion is ceremonial?
OR You say that the seventh-day is the Sabbath but not applicable to
Gentile Christians. Does that mean the Sabbath commandment has been
annulled? References please.
If God did not intend His requirements on the Jews to be applicable to
Gentile Christians why did He make it plain that the Gentiles were now
grafted into the commonwealth of Israel?
Darius | 0 | trimmed_train |
5,153 |
I can only say that those people are wrong. The word harass means to
irritate or torment persistently; I'd hardly consider one time to fall
under the definition of persistent. Additionally, there is no basis
to assume the behaviour is unwanted, unlike an illegal proposition.
I was speaking from a legalistic viewpoint. What you say is true, but
the law, in order to make what little sense it manages to make, has to
make *some* assumptions. Assuming that an illegal activity is unwanted
by the average citizen I think is reasonable. Certainly, I would need
a preponderance of evidence on the side of the propositioner that there
was a reasonable belief that the proposition was welcome.
The number of people who participate in "victimless" crimes notwithstanding,
the fact reamins that under the law, the activity is illegal. To presume
that the proposition *is* welcome simply because a large number of people
indulge in it is the type of sophistry only a lawyer could indulge in
with a straight face.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
...Dale Cook "Any town having more churches than bars has a serious
social problem." ---Edward Abbey
The opinions are mine only (i.e., they are NOT my employer's) | 13 | trimmed_train |
718 |
>[I'm sort of mystified about how a Christian might respond to this.]
I'll start with a parable.
A Christian woman hires a carpenter to build her a birdhouse. When he comes
over, they begin talking about religion. "So you believe that you understand
God?" he asks. "Yes, I do," she replies. "Then have him build you the
birdhouse." | 0 | trimmed_train |
3,090 | COMET (Commercial Experiment Transport) is to launch from Wallops Island
Virginia and orbit Earth for about 30 days. It is scheduled to come down
in the Utah Test & Training Range, west of Salt Lake City, Utah. I saw
a message in this group toward the end of March that it was to launch
on March 27. Does anyone know if it launched on that day, or if not,
when it is scheduled to launch and/or when it will come down.
I would also be interested in what kind(s) of payload(s) are onboard.
Thanks for your help. | 10 | trimmed_train |
9,994 |
You seem to be assuming that all arrests are of equal value, and that
the use of wiretaps is spread uniformly among them. | 7 | trimmed_train |
1,801 | 15 | trimmed_train |
|
1,830 | Archive-name: space/references
Last-modified: $Date: 93/04/01 14:39:21 $
REFERENCES ON SPECIFIC AREAS
PUBLISHERS OF SPACE/ASTRONOMY MATERIAL
Astronomical Society of the Pacific
1290 24th Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94122
More expensive but better organized slide sets.
Cambridge University Press
32 East 57th Street
New York, NY 10022
Crawford-Peters Aeronautica
P.O. Box 152528
San Diego, CA 92115
(619) 287-3933
An excellent source of all kinds of space publications. They publish
a number of catalogs, including:
Aviation and Space, 1945-1962
Aviation and Space, 1962-1990
Space and Related Titles
European Southern Observatory
Information and Photographic Service
Dr R.M. West
Karl Scharzschild Strasse 2
D-8046 Garching bei Munchen
FRG
Slide sets, posters, photographs, conference proceedings.
Finley Holiday Film Corporation
12607 East Philadelphia Street
Whittier, California 90601
(213)945-3325
(800)FILMS-07
Wide selection of Apollo, Shuttle, Viking, and Voyager slides at ~50
cents/slide. Call for a catalog.
Hansen Planetarium (Utah)
Said to hold sales on old slide sets. Look in Sky & Telescope
for contact info.
Lunar and Planetary Institute
3303 NASA Road One
Houston, TX 77058-4399
Technical, geology-oriented slide sets, with supporting
booklets.
John Wiley & Sons
605 Third Avenue
New York, NY 10158-0012
Sky Publishing Corporation
PO Box 9111
Belmont, MA 02178-9111
Offers "Sky Catalogue 2000.0" on PC floppy with information
(including parallax) for 45000 stars.
Roger Wheate
Geography Dept.
University of Calgary, Alberta
Canada T2N 1N4
(403)-220-4892
(403)-282-7298 (FAX)
[email protected]
Offers a 40-slide set called "Mapping the Planets" illustrating
recent work in planetary cartography, comes with a booklet and
information on getting your own copies of the maps. $50 Canadian,
shipping included.
Superintendent of Documents
US Government Printing Office
Washington, DC 20402
Univelt, Inc.
P. O. Box 28130
San Diego, Ca. 92128
Publishers for the American Astronomical Society.
US Naval Observatory
202-653-1079 (USNO Bulletin Board via modem)
202-653-1507 General
Willmann-Bell
P.O. Box 35025
Richmond, Virginia 23235 USA
(804)-320-7016 9-5 EST M-F
CAREERS IN THE SPACE INDUSTRY
In 1990 the Princeton Planetary Society published the first edition of
"Space Jobs: The Guide to Careers in Space-Related Fields." The
publication was enormously successful: we distributed 2000 copies to
space enthusiasts across the country and even sent a few to people in
Great Britain, Australia, and Ecuador. Due to the tremendous response to
the first edition, PPS has published an expanded, up-to-date second
edition of the guide.
The 40-page publication boasts 69 listings for summer and full-time job
opportunities as well as graduate school programs. The second edition of
"Space Jobs" features strategies for entering the space field and
describes positions at consulting and engineering firms, NASA, and
non-profit organizations. The expanded special section on graduate
schools highlights a myriad of programs ranging from space manufacturing
to space policy. Additional sections include tips on becoming an
astronaut and listings of NASA Space Grant Fellowships and Consortia, as
well as NASA Centers for the Commercial Development of Space.
To order send check or money order made payable to Princeton Planetary
Society for $4 per copy, plus $1 per copy for shipping and handling
(non-US customers send an International Money Order payable in US
dollars) to:
Princeton Planetary Society
315 West College
Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08544
DC-X SINGLE-STAGE TO ORBIT (SSTO) PROGRAM
SDI's SSRT (Single Stage Rocket Technology) project has funded a
suborbital technology demonstrator called DC-X that should fly in
mid-1993. Further development towards an operational single-stage to
orbit vehicle (called Delta Clipper) is uncertain at present.
An collection of pictures and files relating to DC-X is available by
anonymous FTP or email server in the directory
bongo.cc.utexas.edu:pub/delta-clipper
Chris W. Johnson ([email protected]) maintains the archive.
HOW TO NAME A STAR AFTER A PERSON
Official names are decided by committees of the International
Astronomical Union, and are not for sale. There are purely commercial
organizations which will, for a fee, send you pretty certificates and
star maps describing where to find "your" star. These organizations have
absolutely no standing in the astronomical community and the names they
assign are not used by anyone else. It's also likely that you won't be
able to see "your" star without binoculars or a telescope. See the back
pages of Astronomy or other amateur astronomy publications for contact
info; one such organization may be found at:
International Star Registry
34523 Wilson Road
Ingleside, IL 60041
This is not an endorsement of ISR.
LLNL "GREAT EXPLORATION"
The LLNL "Great Exploration", a plan for an on-the-cheap space station,
Lunar base, and Mars mission using inflatable space structures, excited
a lot of interest on the net and still comes up from time to time. Some
references cited during net discussion were:
Avation Week Jan 22, 1990 for an article on the overall Great
Exploration
NASA Assessment of the LLNL Space Exploration Proposal and LLNL
Responses by Dr. Lowell Wood LLNL Doc. No. SS 90-9. Their address
is: PO Box 808 Livermore, CA 94550 (the NASA authors are unknown).
Briefing slides of a presentation to the NRC last December may be
available. Write LLNL and ask.
Conceptual Design Study for Modular Inflatable Space Structures, a
final report for purchase order B098747 by ILC Dover INC. I don't
know how to get this except from LLNL or ILC Dover. I don't have an
address for ILC.
LUNAR PROSPECTOR
Lunar Exploration Inc. (LEI) is a non-profit corporation working on a
privately funded lunar polar orbiter. Lunar Prospector is designed to
perform a geochemical survey and search for frozen volatiles at the
poles. A set of reference files describing the project is available in
ames.arc.nasa.gov:pub/SPACE/LEI/*
LUNAR SCIENCE AND ACTIVITIES
Grant H Heiken, David T Vaniman, and Bevan M French (editors), "Lunar
Sourcebook, A User's Guide to the Moon", Cambridge University Press
1991, ISBN 0-521-33444-6; hardcover; expensive. A one-volume
encyclopedia of essentially everything known about the Moon, reviewing
current knowledge in considerable depth, with copious references. Heavy
emphasis on geology, but a lot more besides, including considerable
discussion of past lunar missions and practical issues relevant to
future mission design. *The* reference book for the Moon; all others are
obsolete.
Wendell Mendell (ed), "Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st
Century", $15. "Every serious student of lunar bases *must* have this
book" - Bill Higgins. Available from:
Lunar and Planetary Institute
3303 NASA Road One
Houston, TX 77058-4399
If you want to order books, call (713)486-2172.
Thomas A. Mutch, "Geology of the Moon: A Stratigraphic View", Princeton
University Press, 1970. Information about the Lunar Orbiter missions,
including maps of the coverage of the lunar nearside and farside by
various Orbiters.
ORBITING EARTH SATELLITE HISTORIES
A list of Earth orbiting satellites (that are still in orbit) is
available by anonymous FTP in:
ames.arc.nasa.gov:pub/SPACE/FAQ/Satellites
SPACECRAFT MODELS
"Space in Miniature #2: Gemini" by
Michael J. Mackowski
1621 Waterwood Lane, St. Louis, MO 63146
$7.50
Only 34pp but enough pictures & diagrams to interest more than just the
modelling community, I feel.
Marco's Miniatures of Dracut, Mass. have produced a 1/144 Skylab in an
edition of 500 & a 1/48 Lunar Rover (same scale as Monogram and Revell
Lunar Modules) in a similar edition. Prices are $45 for Skylab, $24 for
LRV. Check with them for postage etc. I have no connection with them,
but have found their service to be good and their stock of rare/old kits
*is* impressive. Prices range from reasonable ($35 for Monogram 1/32
scale Apollo CSM with cutaway details) to spectacular ($145 for Airfix
Vostok).
Four Star Collectibles
P.O. Box 658
Dracut Mass 01826, USA.
(508)-957-0695.
Voyager, HST, Viking, Lunar Rover etc. kits from:
Lunar Models
5120 Grisham
Rowlett, Texas 75088
(214)-475-4230
As reviewed by Bob Kaplow:
Peter Alway's book "Scale Model Rocketry" is now available. Mine
arrived in the mail earlier this week. To get your own copy, send
$19.95 + $2.50 s/h ($22.45 total) to:
Peter Alway
2830 Pittsfield
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
The book includes information on collecting scale data, construction
of scale models, and several handy tables. Appendicies include plans
for 3 sport scale models, a 1:9.22 D Region Tomahawk (BT50), a 1/40
V-2 (BT60), and a 1/9.16 Aerobee 150A (BT55/60).
I've only begun to study the book, but it certainly will be a
valuable data source for many modellers. Most vehicles include
several paragraphs of text describing the missions flown by the
rocket, various specs including "NAR" engine classification, along
with a dimensioned drawing, color layouts & paint pattern, and a
black & white photograph.
The vehicles included are the Aerobee 150A, Aerobee 300, Aerobee Hi,
Arcas, Asp, Astrobee 1500, Astrobee D, Atlas Centaur, Atlas-Agena,
Atlas-Score, Baby WAC, D-Region Tomahawk, Deacon Rockoon, Delta B,
Delta E, Gemini-Titan II, Iris, Javelin, Juno 1, Juno 2, Little Joe
1, Little Joe 2, Mercury-Atlas, Mercury-Redstone, Nike-Apache,
Nike-Asp, Nike-Cajun, Nike-Deacon, Nike-Tomahawk, RAM B, Saturn 1
Block 1, Saturn 1 Block 2, Saturn 1B, Saturn 5, Scout, Standard
Aerobee, Terrapin, Thor-Able, Titan III C, Titan III E, Trailblazer
1, V-2, Vanguard, Viking Model 1, Viking Model 2, and Wac Corporal.
ROCKET PROPULSION
George P. Sutton, "Rocket Propulsion Elements", 5th edn,
Wiley-Interscience 1986, ISBN 0-471-80027-9. Pricey textbook. The
best (nearly the only) modern introduction to the technical side of
rocketry. A good place to start if you want to know the details. Not
for the math-shy. Straight chemical rockets, essentially nothing on
more advanced propulsion (although earlier editions reportedly had
some coverage).
Dieter K. Huzel and David H. Huang, "Design of Liquid Propellant
Rocket Engines", NASA SP-125.
NTIS N71-29405 PC A20/MF A01 1971 461p
Out of print; reproductions may be obtained through the NTIS
(expensive). The complete and authoritative guide to designing
liquid-fuel engines. Reference #1 in most chapters of Sutton. Heavy
emphasis on practical issues, what works and what doesn't, what the
typical values of the fudge factors are. Stiff reading, massive
detail; written for rocket engineers by rocket engineers.
SPACECRAFT DESIGN
Brij N. Agrawal, "Design of Geosynchronous Spacecraft",
Prentice-Hall, ISBN 0-13-200114-4.
James R. Wertz ed, "Spacecraft Attitude Determination and
Control", Kluwer, ISBN 90-277-1204-2.
P.R.K. Chetty, "Satellite Technology and its Applications",
McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-8306-9688-1.
James R. Wertz and Wiley J. Larson (editors), "Space Mission
Analysis and Design", Kluwer Academic Publishers
(Dordrecht/Boston/London) 1991, ISBN 0-7923-0971-5 (paperback), or
0-7923-0970-7 (hardback).
This looks at system-level design of a spacecraft, rather than
detailed design. 23 chapters, 4 appendices, about 430 pages. It
leads the reader through the mission design and system-level
design of a fictitious earth-observation satellite, to
illustrate the principles that it tries to convey. Warning:
although the book is chock-full of many useful reference tables,
some of the numbers in at least one of those tables (launch
costs for various launchers) appear to be quite wrong. Can be
ordered by telephone, using a credit card; Kluwer's phone number
is (617)-871-6600. Cost $34.50.
ESOTERIC PROPULSION SCHEMES (SOLAR SAILS, LASERS, FUSION...)
This needs more and more up-to-date references, but it's a start.
ANTIMATTER:
"Antiproton Annihilation Propulsion", Robert Forward
AFRPL TR-85-034 from the Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory
(AFRPL/XRX, Stop 24, Edwards Air Force Base, CA 93523-5000).
NTIS AD-A160 734/0 PC A10/MF A01
PC => Paper copy, A10 => $US57.90 -- or maybe Price Code?
MF => MicroFiche, A01 => $US13.90
Technical study on making, holding, and using antimatter for
near-term (30-50 years) propulsion systems. Excellent
bibliography. Forward is the best-known proponent
of antimatter.
This also may be available as UDR-TR-85-55 from the contractor,
the University of Dayton Research Institute, and DTIC AD-A160
from the Defense Technical Information Center, Defense Logistics
Agency, Cameron Station, Alexandria, VA 22304-6145. And it's
also available from the NTIS, with yet another number.
"Advanced Space Propulsion Study, Antiproton and Beamed Power
Propulsion", Robert Forward
AFAL TR-87-070 from the Air Force Astronautics Laboratory, DTIC
#AD-A189 218.
NTIS AD-A189 218/1 PC A10/MF A01
Summarizes the previous paper, goes into detail on beamed power
systems including " 1) pellet, microwave, and laser beamed power
systems for intersteller transport; 2) a design for a
near-relativistic laser-pushed lightsail using near-term laser
technology; 3) a survey of laser thermal propulsion, tether
transportation systems, antiproton annihilation propulsion,
exotic applications of solar sails, and laser-pushed
interstellar lightsails; 4) the status of antiproton
annihilation propulsion as of 1986; and 5) the prospects for
obtaining antimatter ions heavier than antiprotons." Again,
there is an extensive bibliography.
"Application of Antimatter - Electric Power to Interstellar
Propulsion", G. D. Nordley, JBIS Interstellar Studies issue of
6/90.
BUSSARD RAMJETS AND RELATED METHODS:
G. L. Matloff and A. J. Fennelly, "Interstellar Applications and
Limitations of Several Electrostatic/Electromagnetic Ion Collection
Techniques", JBIS 30 (1977):213-222
N. H. Langston, "The Erosion of Interstellar Drag Screens", JBIS 26
(1973): 481-484
C. Powell, "Flight Dynamics of the Ram-Augmented Interstellar
Rocket", JBIS 28 (1975):553-562
A. R. Martin, "The Effects of Drag on Relativistic Spacefight", JBIS
25 (1972):643-652
FUSION:
"A Laser Fusion Rocket for Interplanetary Propulsion", Roderick Hyde,
LLNL report UCRL-88857. (Contact the Technical Information Dept. at
Livermore)
Fusion Pellet design: Fuel selection. Energy loss mechanisms.
Pellet compression metrics. Thrust Chamber: Magnetic nozzle.
Shielding. Tritium breeding. Thermal modeling. Fusion Driver
(lasers, particle beams, etc): Heat rejection. Vehicle Summary:
Mass estimates. Vehicle Performance: Interstellar travel
required exhaust velocities at the limit of fusion's capability.
Interplanetary missions are limited by power/weight ratio.
Trajectory modeling. Typical mission profiles. References,
including the 1978 report in JBIS, "Project Daedalus", and
several on ICF and driver technology.
"Fusion as Electric Propulsion", Robert W. Bussard, Journal of
Propulsion and Power, Vol. 6, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1990
Fusion rocket engines are analyzed as electric propulsion
systems, with propulsion thrust-power-input-power ratio (the
thrust-power "gain" G(t)) much greater than unity. Gain values
of conventional (solar, fission) electric propulsion systems are
always quite small (e.g., G(t)<0.8). With these, "high-thrust"
interplanetary flight is not possible, because system
acceleration (a(t)) capabilities are always less than the local
gravitational acceleration. In contrast, gain values 50-100
times higher are found for some fusion concepts, which offer
"high-thrust" flight capability. One performance example shows a
53.3 day (34.4 powered; 18.9 coast), one-way transit time with
19% payload for a single-stage Earth/Mars vehicle. Another shows
the potential for high acceleration (a(t)=0.55g(o)) flight in
Earth/moon space.
"The QED Engine System: Direct Electric Fusion-Powered Systems for
Aerospace Flight Propulsion" by Robert W. Bussard, EMC2-1190-03,
available from Energy/Matter Conversion Corp., 9100 A. Center
Street, Manassas, VA 22110.
[This is an introduction to the application of Bussard's version
of the Farnsworth/Hirsch electrostatic confinement fusion
technology to propulsion. 1500<Isp<5000 sec. Farnsworth/Hirsch
demonstrated a 10**10 neutron flux with their device back in
1969 but it was dropped when panic ensued over the surprising
stability of the Soviet Tokamak. Hirsch, responsible for the
panic, has recently recanted and is back working on QED. -- Jim
Bowery]
"PLASMAKtm Star Power for Energy Intensive Space Applications", by
Paul M. Koloc, Eight ANS Topical Meeting on Technology of Fusion
Energy, special issue FUSION TECHNOLOGY, March 1989.
Aneutronic energy (fusion with little or negligible neutron
flux) requires plasma pressures and stable confinement times
larger than can be delivered by current approaches. If plasma
pressures appropriate to burn times on the order of milliseconds
could be achieved in aneutronic fuels, then high power densities
and very compact, realtively clean burning engines for space and
other special applications would be at hand. The PLASMAKtm
innovation will make this possible; its unique pressure
efficient structure, exceptional stability, fluid-mechanically
compressible Mantle and direct inductive MHD electric power
conversion advantages are described. Peak burn densities of tens
of megawats per cc give it compactness even in the
multi-gigawatt electric output size. Engineering advantages
indicate a rapid development schedule at very modest cost. [I
strongly recommend that people take this guy seriously. Bob
Hirsch, the primary proponent of the Tokamak, has recently
declared Koloc's PLASMAKtm precursor, the spheromak, to be one
of 3 promising fusion technologies that should be pursued rather
than Tokamak. Aside from the preceeding appeal to authority, the
PLASMAKtm looks like it finally models ball-lightning with solid
MHD physics. -- Jim Bowery]
ION DRIVES:
Retrieve files pub/SPACE/SPACELINK/6.5.2.* from the Ames SPACE
archive; these deal with many aspects of ion drives and describe the
SERT I and II missions, which flight-tested cesium ion thrusters in
the 1960s and 70s. There are numerous references.
MASS DRIVERS (COILGUNS, RAILGUNS):
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (for example, v. 27 no. 1, January
1991 issue). Every so often they publish the proceedings of the
Symposium on Electromagnetic Launcher Technology, including hundreds
of papers on the subject. It's a good look at the state of the art,
though perhaps not a good tutorial for beginners. Anybody know some
good review papers?
NUCLEAR ROCKETS (FISSION):
"Technical Notes on Nuclear Rockets", by Bruce W. Knight and Donald
Kingsbury, unpublished. May be available from: Donald Kingsbury,
Math Dept., McGill University, PO Box 6070, Station A, Montreal,
Quebec M3C 3G1 Canada.
SOLAR SAILS:
Starsailing. Solar Sails and Interstellar Travel. Louis Friedman,
Wiley, New York, 1988, 146 pp., paper $9.95. (Not very technical,
but an adequate overview.)
"Roundtrip Interstellar Travel Using Laser-Pushed Lightsails
(Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, vol. 21, pp. 187-95, Jan.-Feb.
1984)
TETHERS:
_Tethers and Asteroids for Artificial Gravity Assist in the Solar
System,_ by P.A. Penzo and H.L. Mayer., _Journal of Spacecraft
and Rockets_ for Jan-Feb 1986.
Details how a spacecraft with a kevlar tether of the same mass
can change its velocity by up to slightly less than 1 km/sec. if
it is travelling under that velocity wrt a suitable asteroid.
GENERAL:
"Alternate Propulsion Energy Sources", Robert Forward
AFPRL TR-83-067.
NTIS AD-B088 771/1 PC A07/MF A01 Dec 83 138p
Keywords: Propulsion energy, metastable helium, free-radical
hydrogen, solar pumped (sic) plasmas, antiproton annihiliation,
ionospheric lasers, solar sails, perforated sails, microwave
sails, quantum fluctuations, antimatter rockets... It's a wide,
if not deep, look at exotic energy sources which might be useful
for space propulsion. It also considers various kinds of laser
propulsion, metallic hydrogen, tethers, and unconventional
nuclear propulsion. The bibliographic information, pointing to
the research on all this stuff, belongs on every daydreamer's
shelf.
Future Magic. Dr. Robert L. Forward, Avon, 1988. ISBN 0-380-89814-4.
Nontechnical discussion of tethers, antimatter, gravity control,
and even futher-out topics.
SPY SATELLITES
*Deep Black*, by William Burrows;
"best modern general book for spysats."
1) A Base For Debate: The US Satellite Station at Nurrungar, Des Ball,
Allen and Unwin Australia, 1987 ISBN 0 04 355027 4 [ covers DSP early
warning satellites]
2) Pine Gap: Australia and the US Geostationary Signals intelligence
satellite program, Des Ball, Allen and Unwin Australia, 1988 ISBN 0 04
363002 5. [covers RHYOLITE/AQUACADE, CHALET/VORTEX, and MAGNUM signals
intelligence satellites]
3) Guardians: Strategic Reconnaissance Satellites, Curtis Peebles, 1987,
Ian Allan, ISBN 0 7110 17654 [ good on MOL, military Salyut and Soviet
satellites, less so on others. Tends to believe what he's told so flaws
in discussion of DSP, RHYOLITE et al..]
4) America's Secret Eyes In Space: The Keyhole Spy Satellite Program,
Jeffrey Richelson, 1990, Harper and Row, ISBN 0 88730 285 8 [ in a class
of its own, *the* historical reference on the KEYHOLE satellites]
5) Secret Sentries in Space, Philip J Klass, 1971.
"long out of print but well worth a look"
SPACE SHUTTLE COMPUTER SYSTEMS
%J Communications of the ACM
%V 27
%N 9
%D September 1984
%K Special issue on space [shuttle] computers
%A Myron Kayton
%T Avionics for Manned Spacecraft
%J IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems
%V 25
%N 6
%D November 1989
%P 786-827
Other various AIAA and IEEE publications.
Computers in Spaceflight: The NASA Experience
James E. Tomayko
1988?
SETI COMPUTATION (SIGNAL PROCESSING)
%A D. K. Cullers
%A Ivan R. Linscott
%A Bernard M. Oliver
%T Signal Processing in SETI
%J Communications of the ACM
%V 28
%N 11
%D November 1984
%P 1151-1163
%K CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.4.1 [Operating Systems]:
Process Management - concurrency; I.5.4 [Pattern Recognition]:
Applications - signal processing; J.2 [Phsyical Sciences and Engineering]:
astronomy
General Terms: Design
Additional Key Words and Phrases: digital Fourier transforms,
finite impulse-response filters, interstellar communications,
Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence, signal detection,
spectrum analysis
AMATEUR SATELLIES & WEATHER SATELLITES
A fairly long writeup on receiving and interpreting weather satellite
photos is available from the Ames SPACE archive in
pub/SPACE/FAQ/WeatherPhotos.
The American Radio Relay League publication service offers the following
references (also see the section on AMSAT in the space groups segment of
the FAQ):
ARRL Satellite Experimenters Handbook, #3185, $20
ARRL Weather Satellite Handbook, #3193, $20
IBM-PC software for Weather Satellite Handbook, #3290, $10
AMSAT NA 5th Space Symposium, #0739, $12
AMSAT NA 6th Space Symposium, #2219, $12
Shipping is extra.
The American Radio Relay League
Publications Department
225 Main Street
Newington, CT 06111
(203)-666-1541
TIDES
Srinivas Bettadpur contributed a writeup on tides, available from the
Ames SPACE archive in pub/SPACE/FAQ/Tides. It covers the following
areas:
- 2-D Example of Tidal Deformation
- Treatment of Tidal Fields in Practice
- Long term evolution of the Earth-Moon system under tides
The writeup refers to the following texts:
"Geophysical Geodesy" by K. Lambeck
"Tides of the planet Earth" by P. Melchior | 10 | trimmed_train |
2,601 | [...]
[...]
[...]
Try something like 24.2 feet.
EdGetACalculator
-----
Tommy McGuire
[email protected]
[email protected] | 12 | trimmed_train |
6,666 | Hello,
Has anyone built cxterm (X11R5) on a MIPS platform. If you have,
please send me email as I don't read this group. I've a bunch of questions...
:-)
Thanks | 16 | trimmed_train |
9,082 | FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: OASIS (310) 364-2290
15 April 1993 Los Angeles, CA
LOCAL NATIONAL SPACE SOCIETY CHAPTERS SPONSOR TALK BY L.A.
ADVOCATE OF LUNAR POWER SYSTEM AS ENERGY SOURCE FOR THE WORLD
On April 21, the OASIS and Ventura County chapters of the National
Space Society will sponsor a talk by Lunar Power System (LPS) co-
inventor and vice-president of the LPS Coalition, Dr. Robert D.
Waldron. It will be held at 7:30 p.m. at the Rockwell Science
Center in Thousand Oaks, CA.
Dr. Waldron is currently a Technical Specialist in Space
Materials Processing with the Space Systems Division of Rockwell
International in Downey, California. He is a recognized world
authority on lunar materials refinement. He has written or
coauthored more than 15 articles or reports on nonterrestrial
materials processing or utilization. Along with Dr. David
Criswell, Waldron invented the lunar/solar power system concept.
Momentum is building for a coalition of entrepreneurs, legal
experts, and Soviet and U.S. scientists and engineers to build
the Lunar Power System, a pollution-free, energy source with a
potential to power the globe.
For the past three years members of the coalition, nearly half
from California, have rejuvenated the commercial and scientific
concept of a solar power system based on the Moon.
The LPS concept entails collecting solar energy on the lunar
surface and beaming the power to Earth as microwaves transmitted
through orbiting antennae. A mature LPS offers an enormous
source of clean, sustainable power to meet the Earth's ever
increasing demand using proven, basic technology.
OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Space
Industrialization) is the Greater Los Angeles chapter of the
National Space Society, which is an international non-profit
organization that promotes development of the space frontier.
The Ventura County chapter is based in Oxnard, CA.
WHERE: Rockwell Science Center Auditorium, 1049 Camino
Dos Rios, Thousand Oaks, CA. | 10 | trimmed_train |
10,677 | [questions and issues WRT congress raised and discussed}
Dennis Replies;
...
Dennis, why must you always see things in black and white terms? :-)
-Tommy Mac
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tom McWilliams 517-355-2178 wk \\ As the radius of vision increases,
[email protected] 336-9591 hm \\ the circumference of mystery grows. | 10 | trimmed_train |
10,786 |
You're getting warmer. The 'little thing in the trigger' has to be
depressed before the trigger can move. What this means is the damned
thing won't go off until the trigger is pulled. This makes it just
about (there HAVE been some problems, but we're assuming the gun is
functioning correctly..) as safe as a revolver. The gun when working
correctly is totally drop safe.
Now, in police work this is a consideration. There is not a single
documented case I'm aware of where a police officer was killed because
he failed to operate the safety on his firearm. There are quite a few
documented cases where criminals got hold of the cops gun and couldn't
figure out how to get the safety off in time to use the gun, thus the
proprietary nature of the safety (to the criminal at least) very likely
prevented the office from getting shot.
The purpose of a safety is to make the gun safe from unintentional fire.
This does not mean it should be so complicated as to slow down
intentional use! Thus the Glock safety is perfectly adequate from a
'safety' standpoint, but not necessarily the most desirable from the
standpoint of open carry where it is easily grabbed by somebody else.
By this criteria it DOES make a lot of sense as a concealed carry piece.
From the standpoint of police use, it is no better (or worse) than a
revolver as far as being 'proprietary' to the officer in the method of
firing it.
The ideal solution may someday be biometric sensing of the user so that
the firearm can't be used by anybody but it's owner, but for now the
wide variety of safety systems helps, unless the criminal happens to be
familiar with that particular type of firearm. | 9 | trimmed_train |
521 | I have been using a NEC 3FGx for several months now. Several others here
also have this monitor. We have had no problems. Personally I would spend
extra money for this monitor and sacrifice other features on a PC such as 33
MHz viz 50 Mhz. Based on the comments of others you might want to view the
3FGX vs the 4 series on a PC running windows at 1024x768. The refresh rate
appears ok for me, but you might feel differently. Finally speaking of
spending money, with the size of today's files, etc, a tape backup is
certainly worth $200-$300. Recently I set up a friend's PC 50Mhz and VESA
local bus. The redraw time for a graphics program was only a factor of 2
faster which I doubt warrants the extra cost.
| 3 | trimmed_train |
1,411 |
My rule of thumb is "Don't give rides to people that wear
a bigger helmet than you", unless your taste runs that way,
or they are family.friends.
Gee, reminds me of a *dancer* in Hull, just over the river
from Ottowa, that I saw a few years ago, for her I would a
bought a bigger helmet (or even her own bike) or anything
else she wanted ;-> | 12 | trimmed_train |
5,905 |
Hallo POV-Renderers !
I've got a BocaX3 Card. Now I try to get POV displaying True Colors
while rendering. I've tried most of the options and UNIVESA-Driver
but what happens isn't correct.
Can anybody help me ?
| 1 | trimmed_train |
1,340 |
Archer> How about "Interactive Sex with Madonna"?
or "Sexium" for short.
/Lars | 1 | trimmed_train |
2,296 |
Humans have "gone somewhat beyond" what, exactly? In one thread
you're telling us that natural morality is what animals do to
survive, and in this thread you are claiming that an omniscient
being can "definitely" say what is right and what is wrong. So
what does this omniscient being use for a criterion? The long-
term survival of the human species, or what?
How does omniscient map into "definitely" being able to assign
"right" and "wrong" to actions?
Well, your "original premises" have a habit of changing over time,
so perhaps you'd like to review it for us, and tell us what the
difference is between an omniscient being be able to assign "right"
and "wrong" to actions, and telling us the result, is.
I'm talking about the morality introduced by you, which was going to
be implemented by this omniscient being that can "definitely" assign
"right" and "wrong" to actions.
You tell us what type of morality that is. | 8 | trimmed_train |
660 |
THANKS! It did work, and it is just what I needed thanks... | 1 | trimmed_train |
855 |
The point that I forgot to bring up here (and this has nothing to do with being
a gang member or not) is that it is illegal to carry a concealed weapon in this
area (or in the state of illinois for that matter). This is not to say that
people in Illinois don't carry concealed weapons illegaly but practicing like
that when there are other people around wasn't too bright of an idea.
I agree. If you don't practice at all and carry a gun for self-defense you
most likely would be in big trouble if a situation were to arise. | 9 | trimmed_train |
3,337 | Is this group for real? I honestly can't believe that most of you expect you
or your concerns to be taken remotely seriously if you behave this way in a
forum for discussion. Doesn't it ever occur to those of you who write letters
like the majority of those in this group that you're being mind-bogglingly
hypocritical?
| 6 | trimmed_train |
4,798 | Hi
Can someone please give me some pointers to setting up imake in a SUN OPENWINDOWS
enviornment ? I've checked through all the documentation but can not find any clues.
Please respons via e-mail.....
Thanks
Paul
| 16 | trimmed_train |
8,157 | The roar at Michigan and Trumbull should be loader than ever this year. With
Mike Illitch at the head and Ernie Harwell back at the booth, the tiger bats
will bang this summer. Already they have scored 20 runs in two games and with
Fielder, Tettleton, and Deer I think they can win the division. No pitching!
Bull! Gully, Moore, Wells, and Krueger make up a decent staff that will keep
the team into many games. Then there is Henneman to close it out. Watch out
Boston, Toronto, and Baltimore - the Motor City Kittys are back.
| 2 | trimmed_train |
9,020 | I don't know what Traders is claiming, but it appears to me that
the Oakland Tribune has censored gun ads in the past. Likewise
for the San Francisco Chronicle, and I have never seen a gun
ad in the San Francisco Examiner.
Specifically, about a year ago on Thursdays, when Traders placed
its ads, the Chron. ad would not have any graphics representing
any handgun sale, though text could list it. The Trib. would
run a graphic of a handgun. The Examiner would not have a Traders
ad at all.
Over the past year while Oakland politicians have made a lot of noise
about measures to fight crime the Trib stopped taking the Traders
ad, then started publishing it, but without any handgun graphic, then
stopped, then started. Since the Trib. was sold some months ago it
has not had the Traders ad. During one of these non-ad interludes
a Traders employee told me that the Trib. had refused to take their
ads.
Yes, the usual Chron. Thursday ad was there today, with graphics
representing rifles, safes, etc. as usual. | 9 | trimmed_train |
628 |
It really doesn't strike me as very funny. It is rather indicative of what
a crisis their economy is in. I imagine they are in desparate need of
markets to sustain industries and people which are nolonger under central
control of the government.
--
Jim Rosenkranz [email protected] | 5 | trimmed_train |
9,307 | Subject: Re: Eugenics
/
;Probably within 50 years, a new type of eugenics will be possible.
;Maybe even sooner. We are now mapping the human genome. We will
;then start to work on manipulation of that genome. Using genetic
;engineering, we will be able to insert whatever genes we want.
;No breeding, no "hybrids", etc. The ethical question is, should
;we?
Two past problems with eugenics have been
1) reducing the gene pool and
2) defining the status of the eugenized.
Inserting genes would not seem to reduce the gene pool unless the inserted
genes later became transmissible to progeny. Then they may be able to
crowd out "garbage genes." This may in the future become possible. Even if
it does, awareness of the need to maintain the gene pool would hopefully
mean provisions will be made for saving genes that may come in handy
later. Evidently the genes for sickle cell disease in equatorial Africa
and for diabetes in the Hopi *promoted* survival in some conditions. We
don't really know what the future may hold for our environment. The
reduced wilderness- and disease-survival capacity of our relatively inbred
domesticated animals comes to mind. Vulcanism, nuclear winter, ice age,
meteor impact, new microbiological threats, famine, global warming, etc.,
etc., are all conceivable. Therefore, having as many genes as possible
available is a good strategy for species survival.
Of course, the status of genetically altered individuals would start out
as no different than anyone else's. But if we could make
"philosopher-kings" with great bodies and long lives, would we (or they)
want to give them elevated status? We could. The Romans did it with their
kings *without* the benefits of such eugenics. The race eventually
realized and dealt with the problems which that caused, but for a while,
it was a problem. Orwell introduced us to the notion of what might happen
to persons genetically altered for more menial tasks. But there is nothing
new under the sun. We treated slaves the same way for millennia before
"1984."
I see no inherent problem with gene therapy which avoids at least these 2
problems. Humans have always had trouble having the virtue and wisdom to
use any power that falls into their hands to good ends all the time. That
hasn't stopped the race as a whole yet. Many are the civilizations which
have died from inability to adapt to environmental change. However, also
many are the civilizations which have died from the abuse of their own
power. The ones which survived have hopefully learned a lesson from the
fates of others, and have survived by making better choices when their
turns came.
Not that I don't think that this gene altering power couldn't wipe us off
the face of the earth or cause endless suffering. Nuclear power or global
warming or whatever could and may still do that, too.
The real issue is an issue of wisdom and virtue. I personally don't think
man has enough wisdom and virtue to pull this next challenge off any
better than he did the for last few. We, as eugenists, may make it, an we
may not. If we don't, I hope there are reservoirs of "garbage" people out
in some backwater with otherwise long discarded "garbage" genes which will
pull us through.
I believe that the real problem is and will probably always be the same.
Man needs to accept input from the great spirit of God to overcome his
lacks in the area of knowing how to use the power he has. Some men have,
and I believe all men may, listen to and obey the still small voice of God
in their hearts. This is the way to begin to recieve the wisdom and virtue
needed to escape the problems consequent to poor choices. Peoples have
died out for many reasons. The societies which failed to accept enough
input from God to safely use the power they had developed have destroyed
themselves, and often others in the process. It is self-evident that the
ones which survive today have either accepted enough input from the Spirit
to use their powers wisely enough to avoid or survive their own mistakes
thus far, or else haven't had enough power for long enough.
In summary, I would say that the question of whether to use this new
technology is really an ancient one. And the answer, in some ways hard, in
some ways easy, is the same ancient answer. It isn't the power, it is the
Spirit.
Sorry for the long post. Got carried away. | 19 | trimmed_train |
7,316 | Concerning the proposed newsgroup split, I personally am not in favor of
doing this. I learn an awful lot about all aspects of graphics by reading
this group, from code to hardware to algorithms. I just think making 5
different groups out of this is a wate, and will only result in a few posts
a week per group. I kind of like the convenience of having one big forum
for discussing all aspects of graphics. Anyone else feel this way?
Just curious.
I disagree. You could learn the same amount by reading all the
split groups, and it would make things easier for those of us
who are less omnivorous. There is no "waste" in creating news
groups -- its just a bit of shuffling about. I have no problem
with only a few posts per week per group - I spend too much time
on this as it is. | 1 | trimmed_train |
6,472 |
I've been a member of the NRA for several years and recently "joined"
HCI. I wanted to see what they were up to and paid the minimum ($15)
to get a membership. I also sent the NRA another $120.
| 9 | trimmed_train |
1,586 | Have you considered the Apple Laserwriter IIg. We use it for all our B&W
image printing.
| 1 | trimmed_train |
9,234 |
: Also watch your mirrors any time you are turning. I just had another close
: one last night. Preparing for a right turn on a two lane road. Right turn
: signals on, starting the turn, and this lady behind me hits the throttle and
: starts to pass me on the RIGHT. This has happened to me twice before. the
I have had this happen to me often enough that I always look for it.
On my ride to work in the morning I come to a stop light where there are
3 lanes in my direction. One for left turns, one for straight through, and
one for right turns. All clearly marked. Plus there is a clearly marked
bicycle lane. I ride into the right turn lane with my signal on and stop at
the stop line. Looking left to see if I can make a "right turn on red" and
when I start to move discovered that some idiot has pulled into the bike
lane and is trying to pass me on the right. GRRR.
I always do a head check on bike lanes. Not always for bicycles. . . | 12 | trimmed_train |
1,356 |
dam9543> I get back drom work today, look at me bike before
dam9543> proceding in-side. I nearly shit, my new DRY RIDER cover is
dam9543> gone! Barely two weeks old, and already gone, GOD-AM
Somebody stole my trashed old Honda red/white/blue cover off a
KZ440LTD in residential Palo Alto a couple of weeks ago. The cover
had *holes* burnt in it around the exhaust, etc etc. I figured it was
just kids, but maybe not...
| 12 | trimmed_train |
9,040 |
Why so up tight? FOr that matter, TIFF6 is out now, so why not gripe
about its problems? Also, if its so important to you, volunteer to
help define or critique the spec.
Finally, a little numerology: 42 is 24 backwards, and TIFF is a 24 bit
image format...
Chris | 1 | trimmed_train |
4,719 | I've got the official word on the LaserWriter Pro 600 memory
upgrade.
I just got off of the phone with the quite friendly Donna Rossi
at Apple Customer Assistance. She tells me that those who
purchased the LaserWriter Pro 600 in a 4 megabyte (300dpi, no
greyscale) configuration should contact their original dealers
who are supposed provide the 4-meg memory upgrade. For those
who don't know, the extra 4-meg will allow printing at 600dpi
or greyscale (at 300dpi).
If the dealers have questions, they should be directed to their
hardware support numbers and/or Apple Customer Assistance
1-800-776-2333, 408-996-1010 (corporate number).
Regards,
Glenn | 14 | trimmed_train |
1,552 | Has anyone else been playing with that wincmd utility from PC Magazine?
If so, I am having trouble concatenating string variables together and
need your help. For example:
temp = "path"
temp2 = "file.ext"
fullpath = temp+"/"
say fullpath // output = 'th/'
fullpath = fullpath+temp2
say fullpath // output = 'h/file.ext'
So, it seems to be dropping the first few characters with each
concatenations. Is it that I am out of memory -- I only have maybe 20
variables total -- the article didn't mention memory limits.
email me if you have an idea or would like to see the actual source and
output. Thanks for your help.
-Bo | 18 | trimmed_train |
6,339 | I got a harddisk shipped with an IDE specification but not the
SCSI spec. Would someone tell me how to set the jumper on
the harddrive? Thanks. Please email response. | 3 | trimmed_train |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.