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summarization | Without quoting directly from the text, tell me about rainbows. | Rainbows may appear when light passes through water. When a rainbow appears when it's raining, it's always in the opposite direction from the Sun. Although usually in the form of an arc, rainbows can also be full circle. The colors on the primary and double rainbows are inverted with red appearing on the outer part of the primary rainbow and the inner part of a double rainbow. | A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that can occur under certain meteorological conditions. It is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in an effect similar to a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicoloured circular arc. Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the Sun.
Rainbows can be full circles. However, the observer normally sees only an arc formed by illuminated droplets above the ground, and centered on a line from the Sun to the observer's eye.
In a primary rainbow, the arc shows red on the outer part and violet on the inner side. This rainbow is caused by light being refracted when entering a droplet of water, then reflected inside on the back of the droplet and refracted again when leaving it.
In a double rainbow, a second arc is seen outside the primary arc, and has the order of its colours reversed, with red on the inner side of the arc. This is caused by the light being reflected twice on the inside of the droplet before leaving it. | 0.7291 |
brainstorming | What are the five best Kim Stanley Robinson novels? | 1) Aurora - a unique and depressing take on interstellar colonization.
2) The Years of Rice and Salt - the Iroquois team up with a samurai warrior in the 17th Century.
3) Red Mars - the descriptions of life in the early days of Martian colonization are fascinating.
4) 2312 - after reading this book, you will want to live inside an asteroid. Somehow, Kim Stanley Robinson turned space into 1970s Berkley, CA.
5) The Ministry for the Future - a scary but very hopeful book about global warming. | 0.729 |
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general_qa | Why is Citizen Kane considered the Best Film? | The American Film Institute and the British Film Institute have Citizen Kane listed as the number one movie of all time. The British Film Institute has had this rating of Citizen Kane for 50 years. There are multitudes of reasons why this is a deserving title with a few examples below.
1. Citizen Kane was a thinly veiled movie about a powerful person. Even before the movie was released newspaper magnate William R Hearst became aware that Kane had many similarities to Hearst. Both controlled media empires, ran for office, and had giant mansions filled with odds and ends. Where it allegedly became personal was when scenes showing Kane's wife put through an humiliating run in showbiz propped up by Kane's largesse mirrored Hearst a bit too closely to real life. Hearst reportedly offered to buy all copies of the film and told newspapers to not print anything or even mention its name.
2. It heralded a new age of cinematography in 1941. Citizen Kane pioneered in the mainstream many types of compositions and angles we now find quite common. For a low angle shot in an office to show Kane's towering presence film cameras were too heavy and bulky to sit on the floor. Cinematographer Gregg Toland solved this by having a hole dug deep enough for camera and tripod to achieve the desired effect. Also the concept of "deep focus" or achieving a large depth of field to make characters near and far appear sharp is difficult to achieve. These scenes were used to great effect to portray Kane as being surrounded and alone with his wealth later in the movie. They also provided a literal window into a young innocent Kane during a tense scene inside the house, to which Kane was blissfully unaware but the audience experienced both to jarring effect.
3. Orson Welles was famous and an excellent promoter. Up to this point Welles most famous exploit had been his radio re-enactment of H.G. Wells "War of the Worlds." Choosing to follow a newsreel style format and not having an intro saying this is a work of fiction many listeners at home were swept up in the drama and thought an alien invasion was happening. His popularity from this event carried a great deal of interest over to his first film. For his first film to come together with a compelling story, technical wizardry, and cultural relevancy truly made it the standard for what a "Best Film..." should be.
As a sidenote in 1921 Citizen Kane won 9 Academy awards including Best Picture, Director, Editing, and Cinematography. Orson Welles would never have a similar level of success with his later films. | 0.729 |
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classification | Which of the following venomous snakes lay eggs: copperhead, water moccasin, rattlesnake, coral snake. | The coral snake is the only venomous snake listed that is an egg-layer, or oviparous. Copperheads, water moccasin and rattlesnakes are ovoviviparous, and bear live young. | 0.7289 |
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creative_writing | Write a linkedIn Message to ask a higher officer in company before joining asking about what all I have to prepare any tips or advice on what I should focus on or study for so that i can be well accustomed with the required skill sets for the job. | Hi [Manager] Sir,
I hope you're doing well!
Myself [My Name] from ITER, SOA University.
I just wanted to reach out to you before I start at [Company] in a month. I'm really excited to join the team and get started on my role as Intern Trainee Engineer- Platform. I was wondering if you had any tips or advice on what I should focus on or study before I start to make sure I'm as prepared as possible? I want to make sure I hit the ground running and make a good impression on the team.
Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thank you for your time I'm looking forward to joining the team and working together!
Thanks,
[My Name] | 0.7289 |
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information_extraction | What are the most common causes of avalanches, in descending order of likelihood (where most likely is first)? | The most likely causes of avalanches, in order of likelihood, are:
- Increased snow loads during storms
- Erosion in the snowpack caused by storms
- Metamorphic changes in the snowpack such as melting due to weather or rain
- Earthquakes that trigger shifting in the snowpack
- Falling objects, such as rockfall and snowfall, can trigger avalanches
- Human triggers, such as skiers, snowmobiles, and controlled explosives. | Most avalanches occur spontaneously during storms under increased load due to snowfall and/or erosion. The second largest cause of natural avalanches is metamorphic changes in the snowpack such as melting due to solar radiation. Other natural causes include rain, earthquakes, rockfall and icefall. Artificial triggers of avalanches include skiers, snowmobiles, and controlled explosive work. Contrary to popular belief, avalanches are not triggered by loud sound; the pressure from sound is orders of magnitude too small to trigger an avalanche.
Avalanche initiation can start at a point with only a small amount of snow moving initially; this is typical of wet snow avalanches or avalanches in dry unconsolidated snow. However, if the snow has sintered into a stiff slab overlying a weak layer then fractures can propagate very rapidly, so that a large volume of snow, that may be thousands of cubic metres, can start moving almost simultaneously.
A snowpack will fail when the load exceeds the strength. The load is straightforward; it is the weight of the snow. However, the strength of the snowpack is much more difficult to determine and is extremely heterogeneous. It varies in detail with properties of the snow grains, size, density, morphology, temperature, water content; and the properties of the bonds between the grains. These properties may all metamorphose in time according to the local humidity, water vapour flux, temperature and heat flux. The top of the snowpack is also extensively influenced by incoming radiation and the local air flow. One of the aims of avalanche research is to develop and validate computer models that can describe the evolution of the seasonal snowpack over time. A complicating factor is the complex interaction of terrain and weather, which causes significant spatial and temporal variability of the depths, crystal forms, and layering of the seasonal snowpack. | 0.7289 |
classification | classify each of the following as living or non-living: dog, table, cat, tree, pen, book. | living: dog, cat, tree
non-living: table, pen, book | 0.7288 |
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brainstorming | What are some ways I could commute in to my office in downtown? | If you are located in a city you may have many commute options. You could use public transportation like a light rail or bus, ride your bike, or drive a car. If you have coworkers who live near you, you could consider carpooling. | 0.7288 |
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open_qa | Assume the email format is {first_initial}{last_name}@somecompany.com
What would the email addresses be for the following people?
Jon Doe
Richard Smith
Tom Jenkins
Nick Parsons | Following the {first_initial}{last_name}@somecompany.com format, the emails for those people would be:
Jon Doe: [email protected]
Richard Smith: [email protected]
Tom Jenkins: [email protected]
Nick Parsons: [email protected] | 0.7287 |
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information_extraction | From this paragraph about Microsoft, extract the names of the Big Five American information technology companies. | 1) Microsoft, 2) Alphabet (parent company of Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (formerly Facebook). | Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 14 in the 2022 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue; it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2022. It is considered as one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (parent company of Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (formerly Facebook). | 0.7287 |
brainstorming | What are some of the most accessible jazz albums for someone new to jazz? | Jazz music encompasses a wide range of styles, genres and periods, so it can be difficult and confusing for the non-jazz listener to find a satisfying entry point. There have been many “greatest of all time” jazz album lists developed by jazz publications and critics over the years. The following is a brief sampling of some of the top-rated albums from some of these lists.
- Miles Davis: Kind of Blue (1959) Miles Davis’ masterpiece. One of the most influential albums of all time, because of its widespread influence on jazz, rock and classical genres. It is the greatest selling jazz album of all time, and usually the number one pick on critics’ albums rankings. It features a cool, atmospheric modal approach that is immediately recognizable, tuneful and approachable for just about any listener.
- John Coltrane: A Love Supreme (1964). Widely regarded as John Coltrane’s masterpiece, it is an intense modal jazz through-composed spiritual meditation in four parts. Every critic interprets John Coltrane’s intent and meaning of A Love Supreme differently. Whether you think he’s searching for some form of soulful purity, or cutting out the middle man to speak directly to God, your jazz-listening life won’t be the same after hearing this searing testament.
- Sonny Rollins: Saxophone Collosus (1957). Sonny Rollins’ breakthrough and best-known album. Rollins emerges here as a true jazz giant belonging in the same pantheon as Coltrane, Ben Webster, Coleman Hawkins and Lester Young. His strong and highly rhythmic thematic improvisational voice is on brilliant display in ‘St. Thomas’ and ‘Blue 7’. Not to be missed is his powerful rendition of the jazz standard ‘You Don’t Know Love’ and his lovely solo during Kurt Weil’s ‘Moritat’ (also known as ‘Mack the Knife’).
- Dave Brubeck: Time Out (1959) Featuring uncommon time signatures and mix of Cool and West Coast jazz, Time Out was the first jazz album to sell over a million copies and produced a single, ‘Take Five’ that became the first jazz single to sell over a million copies. Brubeck described his saxophone player Paul Desmond’s sound as “like a dry martini”. You’ll want to ice up a glass and pour yourself another with each listen to this enduring jazz mainstay.
- John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman: John Coltrane and Johnny Hartman (1963) is a reluctant jazz ballad summit of giants. Johnny Hartman initially resisted the idea of recording an album with John Coltrane, believing they wouldn’t complement one another musically. Following an after-hours session with Coltrane and pianist McCoy Tyner, they agreed to work together and went in to the studio to record their self-title album that contained the definitive versions of ‘Lush Life’, ‘They Say It’s Wonderful’, and ‘My One and Only Love.’ This is an absolute essential album.
- Billie Holiday: Lady in Satin (1958) Holiday’s album of Great American Songbook standards - lushly arranged around her abused, fragile, but powerfully rhythmic voice - is a testament to her professional powers of persuasion and artistic willpower in what turned out to be the last year of a 44-yr life. She told her producers she wanted “a pretty album, something delicate.” They paid her $150 a side, in advance. Well, she gave them their money’s worth…and then some. Essential. | 0.7287 |
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summarization | Give me the history and background of the Phoenix Suns basketball franchise | The Phoenix Suns are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Suns are the only team in their division not to be based in California, and play their home games at the Footprint Center. The Suns are one of four major league sports teams based in the Phoenix area, but are the only one to bill themselves as representing the city (the other teams - the Cardinals, Coyotes, and Diamondbacks - all bill themselves as representing the state of Arizona).
The franchise began play in 1968 as an expansion team, and their early years were mired in mediocrity, but their fortunes changed in the 1970s after partnering Dick Van Arsdale and Alvan Adams with Paul Westphal; the team reached the 1976 NBA Finals, in what is considered to be one of the biggest upsets in NBA history. However, after failing to capture a championship, the Suns would rebuild around Walter Davis for a majority of the 1980s, until the acquisition of Kevin Johnson in 1988.
Under Johnson, and after trading for perennial NBA All-Star Charles Barkley, and combined with the output of Tom Chambers and Dan Majerle, the Suns reached the playoffs for a franchise-record thirteen consecutive appearances and remained a regular title contender throughout the 1990s, and reached the 1993 NBA Finals. However, the team would again fail to win a championship, and entered into another period of mediocrity until the early part of the 2000s.
In 2004, the Suns signed free agent Steve Nash (who had blossomed for the Dallas Mavericks after being traded from Phoenix six years earlier), and returned into playoff contention. With Nash, Shawn Marion, and Amar'e Stoudemire, and under head coach Mike D'Antoni, the Suns became renowned worldwide for their quick, dynamic offense, which led them to tie a franchise record in wins in the 2004–05 season. Two more top two Conference placements followed, but the Suns again failed to attain an NBA championship, and were forced into another rebuild. After ten consecutive seasons without a playoff berth, the Suns reached the 2021 NBA Finals after acquiring Chris Paul, forming a quartet with their young core of Devin Booker, Deandre Ayton and Mikal Bridges. Following a disappointing playoff exit in 2022, the Suns acquired 13-time All-Star and two-time NBA champion Kevin Durant.
The Suns own the NBA's fifth-best all-time winning percentage, and have the second highest winning percentage of any team to have never won an NBA championship. 11 Hall of Famers have played for Phoenix, while two — Barkley and Nash — won NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) while playing for the team. Additionally, their Hall of Fame radio announcer Al McCoy is the longest-tenured broadcaster in NBA history. | The Phoenix Suns are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Suns are the only team in their division not to be based in California, and play their home games at the Footprint Center. The Suns are one of four major league sports teams based in the Phoenix area, but are the only one to bill themselves as representing the city (the other teams - the Cardinals, Coyotes, and Diamondbacks - all bill themselves as representing the state of Arizona). | 0.7286 |
classification | If we were playing a game where we had to identify things that can be found inside a house, which of these would we call out: car, chair, table, park, cloud, microwave. | Inside a house you can find a chair, a table and a microwave. Cars, clouds and parks are found outside of houses. | 0.7285 |
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brainstorming | If you were to design a pantheon, how many gods or deities would you include? | The beauty of polytheism is that there is no limit on the number of deities. The gods and goddesses can represent different forces of nature, human characteristics, ancestral principles, natural elements or animals. These can interact with each other and have children representing new concepts. Throughout the human history polytheism has been the most common form of religion and seems to be the most natural. | 0.7284 |
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open_qa | Why do people work out at the gym? | People work out at the gym for a number of reasons: to lose weight, stay healthy, body building competitions, learning about fitness, becoming a trainer, group fit classes, and fitness socializing / friendship. The most common reason is most likely weight loss. Getting in a gym for this reason is a great way to stay motivated because you see people around you who are also doing the same thing as you to lose weight. This community of people will be able to give you the support system needed to be successful in a short or long term weight loss journey too. | 0.7284 |
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classification | Tell me if these are safe or not safe to let me child play with: the monkey bars, matches, scissors, rock paper scissors, a baseball, the stove, a cooking board game | the monkey bars: safe, matches: not safe, scissors: not safe, rock paper scissors: safe, a baseball: safe, the stove: not safe, a cooking board game: safe | 0.7283 |
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open_qa | Let's imagine I create a fake currency called Yarns with two types of coins: a super-yarn (worth 10 yarns) and a mini-yarn (worth 0.5 yarn). How much money do I have in total if I have 2 super-yarns and three mini-yarns? | Given that a super-yarn is worth 10 yarns and a mini-yarn is worth 0.5 yarn, if you have 2 super-yarns and 3 mini-yarns you have 21.5 yarns in total. | 0.7283 |
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open_qa | What is Python? | Python is a programming language that has a design emphasis on code readability and is strongly typed. You can interact with this programming language through writing 'python code' using proper coding syntax and semantics. The code that is written can be used to build tools, applications, websites, and streaming services. You can also automate tasks with python, analyze data, and perform machine learning and data science. | 0.7282 |
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creative_writing | In golf, what is the proper technique when hitting a bunker shot? Assume the bunker is green adjacent. | If the bunker is near the pin, use your sand-wedge. Also, ensure you properly examined the green, to understand its shape and slope. Combine this with an understanding of your own skill levels to make a decision on where you wish the ball to land. For example, the more skilled you are at these shots, the more precise a location you can identify. Conversely, the less skilled you are, the less precise you can be in your chosen location, and consequently the more you need to consider a range of potential directions. In those latter cases, it is best to aim towards the middle of the green rather than the exact placement of the pin. Once you've made a decision on location, go up to your ball in the bunker. (Pro-tip: don't forget to bring the rake with you). Choose an open stance, where your legs are aiming roughly 45 degrees more to the left of the selected landing location. If you're left-handed, the reverse is true, and your legs are aiming to the right of the intended direction/location. Dig your shoes roughly an inch into the sand, to get a solid footing. Next, bring your club face down to the ball, without actually touching the sand (it is not legal to make contact with the sand prior to contact with the ball). Open the club face so that it aims towards the intended location. Look one more time at the intended direction, then look down at the ball, and commence your backswing. The plane of your backswing should be out, inline with the direction of your legs, and roughly three quarters the length of a full swing. Firmly and confidently accelerate in your downswing, and aim to make contact with the sand roughly half an inch behind the ball. The sand between the ball and the club head will blunt some of the force from the swing, thereby reducing ball travel distance, while still conveying spin. A well hit shot can cause the ball to land on the green and immediately stop, possibly even moving back in the direction of the player. The force in the downswing, combined with the amount of sand caught by the club head, are significant contributors to the amount of backspin on the ball. Once you're done. rake up your marks as you exit the bunker, leaving no trace that you were ever there. | 0.7281 |
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open_qa | Why is the Pacific ocean typically cold off of the West Coast of the United States? | The primary ocean current along the West Coast of the United States is often referred to as the "California Current" and follows a clockwise pattern, bringing cold water from the Gulf of Alaska southeasterly, where it eventually meets the beaches of Washington, Oregon and California.
The further south you go typically the warmer it gets so while surfers may be out in a thick wetsuit in June in San Francisco you may well see surfers and swimmers from Santa Barbara southward in shorts or a spring suit. | 0.728 |
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general_qa | What batting traits make a good baseball or softball hitter? | There are many traits that great baseball and softball batters share. Some of the most important are extreme confidence, sound batting mechanics, and coordination developed though a combination of talent and practice.
All great hitters share some consistencies in their batting mechanics such as their lower half mechanics, their hand and bat path, and their head and eye movement.
With their lower half mechanics they generate powerful torque from the ground up by timing the planting their feet in a balanced position and forcefully rotating and opening their hips. Hitting powerful line drives relies heavily on the barrel of the bat meeting the ball flush. Batters increase the odds of this by keeping their hands in, connected to the back shoulder, and having one palm facing up and one palm facing down for as long as possible as the bat path travels through the strike zone. Finally, all great hitters maintain consistent head and eye position throughout the motion.
There are many nuances of batting mechanics that all great hitters share but these are some of the most important. | 0.728 |
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creative_writing | How do you reverse sear a steak on the Big Green Egg? | How to reverse Sear? The reverse sear is one of the most popular ways to grill a steak on the Big Green Egg, and my personal favorite. The key to the Reverse Sear is to start low and slow. It is much easier to raise the temp on the BGE than lower the temp. Ideally, the dome temp for a reverse sear is 250. However, I've had good success with the temp as low as 225 and as high as 300.
Fill your BGE up with your favorite lump charcoal up to the fire ring , light the fire and let it burn for about 9 minutes. Stir the coals so that the lit coals mix with unlit coals for an even cook.I prefer to cook my steak without adding wood chips as I don't want to overpower the meat...but if I were going to add chips I prefer post oak. Put the plate setter in with the legs up. Close the top and open the bottom vent and top vent with the opening about the size of a quarter. With the plate setter in, give it about 30 minutes to heat up the plate setter and stabilize at 250.
Now that the Egg is stabilized at 250, time to add your steaks. You can pretty much reverse sear almost any cut but I prefer a ribeye, strip, or filet. The quintessential reverse sear cut is the bone-in ribeye, aka the cowboy or Tomahawk. The reverse sear works best with thick cuts. I would say the minimum thickness for a reverse sear is about 1 and a half inch, but the thicker the better. I look for the thickest cut possible for best results. I personally prefer to season my steaks with salt and pepper. My theory is that if you just spent $50 on a prime steak, then no need to overpower the meat with fancy seasoning. I want like the steaks to speak for themselves. The key to this stage is a good leave in thermometer. You want to roast the steaks until internal temp hits 113 degrees. No more no less. When the internal temp hits 113, remove your steak to a cutting board and tent with foil.
At this point you should have pulled the steak with an internal temp of 113, and it should be resting on a tented cutting board. Final step of the reverse sear is the sear. Open up the top and remove the plate setter and grates.Open the bottom vent all the way and let the oxygen in to stoke the fire. I will give the coals another stir and about 5 minutes with the top open to gas up the fire. I then replace the grate, close the top and open all vents. The dome temp should climb rapidly. For a good sear you want it at least 450, with the ideal dome temp about 500-550. At this point you need to make a choice. You can either sear directly over the coals, or you can use a cast iron skillet with a butter bath. if you are going directly over the coals, its pretty simple. Place the steaks on the grate, and sear for about 90 seconds per side. If you use a cast iron skillet, I use a 50/50 mix of salted butter and olive oil. Butter has a lower scorch point, so if your skillet gets too hot you will burn the butter. I've also had good success with Avocado or Peanut oil that has a much higher scorch point. Add some garlic and thyme, sear for 90 seconds a side and don't forget to spoon the butter over the steaks for a little extra love. Remove the steaks and let them rest for 10 minutes. This is a critical step that will ensure the juices will stay in the meat.
Slice and serve. | 0.728 |
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general_qa | Why are sports so popular? | Sports are popular throughout the world. With the wide variety of options available, people can participate in or watch team or individual sports, high-impact, fast-paced, slow-paced, low impact. There is truly something for everyone. Sports can unite a community, town, or nation. Sports can teach life lessons like humility, friendly competition, and how to communicate with others and make quick decisions. Sports can keep kids out of trouble and give them a sense of belonging and a sense of family when they might not otherwise have that. Sports promote healthy, active lifestyles, hard work, and goal setting. Sports can overcome barriers of language, culture, and economics, bringing people together from all walks of life. | 0.728 |
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brainstorming | Give me a bulleted list of ideas for a viral youtube video | • Film yourself biking from California to New York
• Create summarizations and synopses of high profile current events and supplement them with high quality editing or animations
• Document your journey of mastering a new skill, like learning an instrument, and provide large-scale time lapses where you go from beginner to advanced at the skill.
• Film yourself attempting to infiltrate and work for a venue or event, like attempting to sneak into a fashion show and pretending to be, or entering a coffee shop and pretending to be a newly-hired barista | 0.7279 |
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classification | If you are about to be admitted to the hospital overnight, categorize each of the following as either useful or not useful: a phone charger, a camping tent, reading glasses, a cruise ship, 10 bags of lumpy cement, a favorite blanket, and headphones, and a grand piano. | When you are staying overnight in the hospital, it would be useful to have a phone charger, reading glasses, a favorite blanket and headphones. It would not be useful to have a camping tent, cruise ship, 10 bags of lumpy cement or a grand piano. | 0.7278 |
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classification | Tell me which one of the following sports are Olympic sports: karate, snooker, wrestling, tai boxing, football, basketball. | Karate, freestyle and greco roman wrestling, boxing, football and basketball are Olympic sports. | 0.7278 |
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general_qa | What kind of espresso machine is best for home use? | Home espresso machines are a growing segment of the small kitchen appliance market. A good home espresso machine provides the ability to make high quality espresso in a machine that is typically smaller and less expensive than their commercial counterparts.
There are three common espresso machine designs for home use: manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic. As the name implies -- manual machines require direct "manual" control by the user, who typically applies pressure through a lever to deliver the desired brew pressure. Semi-automatic machines require the user to prepare the coffee into the portafilter, but then rely on an automated pump and to deliver the desired brew pressure for espresso. Fully automatic machines automate the entire process end-to-end: grinding the beans, loading the ground beans into the portafilter, and then pumping water through the portafilter at predefined pressure levels to brew espresso.
Manual machines typically have a lower cost, smaller footprint, and provide the user with more direct control over the brewing process. This allows skilled users to make higher-quality espresso than they would with a more automated machine. In contrast, fully automatic machines are often the easiest to use, but are unable to make espresso as consistently great as a skilled barista could with a manual machines. Fully automatic machines are inherently more complex, more expensive to purchase, and more likely to have longer-term reliability issues.
Regardless of the type of espresso machine, two factors influence how well they will perform: their ability to manage brew temperature and brew pressure. The best machines provide the ability to vary brew temperature and pressure in consistent, repeatable ways.The type of coffee bean and desired result will impact what temperature and pressure profile the user wants. The best machines offer flexibility along both dimensions in consistent, repeatable ways. | 0.7277 |
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brainstorming | Who were the last 5 Republican presidents? | Gerald Ford – 1974 to 1977 (38th President)
Ronald Reagan – 1981 to 1989 (40th President)
George H.W. Bush – 1989 to 1993 (41st President)
George W. Bush – 2001 to 2009 (43rd President)
Donald J. Trump – 2017 to 2021 (45th President) | 0.7276 |
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open_qa | Why are in person events important to business growth? | In person events are incredibly important to business growth because they allow a company to connect with it's customers and prospects directly. The business can create experiences, connections between it's employees and customers, and between customers to help form a community of people who align based on self identifiers like interests, technologies, industry and solutions. These connections help build strong bonds between customer and brand by creating strong feelings of connectedness and inclusion through experiences during their in person event. | 0.7276 |
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brainstorming | I'm looking to learn a new programming language. Can you recommend one? | Which programming language to learn depends on what type of programming you want to do. Python is an easy to learn, general purpose language that is quite popular. If you are aspiring to do front end development work, JavaScript would be a good choice. If you are an experienced developer looking for a high performance language, Rust might be an appropriate choice as it's gaining popularity. | 0.7276 |
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open_qa | Can kitesurfers sail up against the wind? | Yes, kitesurfers can sail up against the wind by edging their surfboard upwind at a slight angle relative to 90 degrees crosswind. Depending on the equipment and skill, kitesurfers can generally achieve an upwind angle of ~20 degrees. | 0.7275 |
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classification | Please classify each of the following animals as mammal, amphibian, or fish: elk, frog, dog, cat, newt, and human. | Newt and frog are amphibians. The rest of the animals are mammals. You did not provide any fish in your question. | 0.7275 |
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creative_writing | Write a friendly email to my neighbor asking them to keep the noise down after 10pm on Weekdays. | Hi Neighbor!
I hope this email finds you well and getting ready for the sunny spring weather. As the days grow longer, I wanted to ask you for a small favor: can you please try to keep the noise down after 10pm on weekdays? to be clear, I'm not suggesting we all live in libraries--just that external parties, loud music, and fireworks cease after 10pm on weekdays. I'm hopeful that 10pm represents a reasonable compromise between those socializing late and those waking up early. Let me know if you disagree and we can try to work out an alternative compromise. And by all means, please let us know if there are special occasions and/or considerations we should understand. Our goal is to maintain this healthy, thriving neighborhood.
Thank you,
Kevin | 0.7275 |
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closed_qa | Given a reference text about Shivaji, tell me when they were born, when they died, what their most notable accomplishment and what people called them post-death. | Shivaji was born on 19th February 1630 and died on 3rd April 1680. Shivaji accomplished to out his own independent kingdom from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur which formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. He is called as proto-nationalist and hero of the Hindus. | Shivaji I (Shivaji Bhonsle; Marathi pronunciation: c.19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680), also referred to as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. Eventually, Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur which formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned the Chhatrapati of his realm at Raigad Fort.
Over the course of his life, Shivaji engaged in both alliances and hostilities with the Mughal Empire, the Sultanate of Golkonda, Sultanate of Bijapur and the European colonial powers. Shivaji's military forces expanded the Maratha sphere of influence, capturing and building forts, and forming a Maratha navy. Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil rule with well-structured administrative organisations. He revived ancient Hindu political traditions, court conventions and promoted the usage of the Marathi and Sanskrit languages, replacing Persian in court and administration.
Shivaji's legacy was to vary by observer and time, but nearly two centuries after his death, he began to take on increased importance with the emergence of the Indian independence movement, as many Indian nationalists elevated him as a proto-nationalist and hero of the Hindus. | 0.727 |
general_qa | How accurate are future weather forecasts? | Weather forecasts are typically accurate for up to 7 days in the future. Forecasts decrease in accuracy the further away you get from the day you're looking, due to the increased variability in key indicators which comprise the models used to build the forecasts. | 0.727 |
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closed_qa | What dispatchable source of power on electric grids are faster than battery storage power stations? | None. Battery storage is the fastest responding dispatchable source of power on electric grids. | A battery storage power station is a type of energy storage power station that uses a group of batteries to store electrical energy. Battery storage is the fastest responding dispatchable source of power on electric grids, and it is used to stabilise those grids, as battery storage can transition from standby to full power in under a second to deal with grid contingencies.
At full rated power, battery storage power stations are generally designed to output for up to a few hours. Battery storage can be used for short-term peak power and ancillary services, such as providing operating reserve and frequency control to minimize the chance of power outages. They are often installed at, or close to, other active or disused power stations and may share the same grid connection to reduce costs. Since battery storage plants require no deliveries of fuel, are compact compared to generating stations and have no chimneys or large cooling systems, they can be rapidly installed and placed if necessary within urban areas, close to customer load. | 0.727 |
information_extraction | From the text given, extract the iPhone Models and the announcement dates and list them using the bullets in the format {iPhone Models} - {Announcement Date} | Here is a bullet list of iPhone Models and the corresponding announcement dates in the format {iPhone Models} - {Announcement Date}:
{first generation iPhone} - {January 9, 2007}
{iPhone 3G} - {July 11, 2008}
{iPhone 3GS} - {June 8, 2009}
{iPhone 4} - {June 7, 2010}
{iPhone 4s} - {October 4, 2011}
{iPhone 5} - {September 12, 2012}
{iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C} - {September 10, 2013}
{iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus} - {September 9, 2014}
{iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus} - {September 9, 2015}
{first generation iPhone SE} - {March 21, 2016}
{iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus} - {September 7, 2016}
{iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus and iPhone X} - {September 12, 2017}
{iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and iPhone XS Max} - {September 12, 2018}
{iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro and iPhone 11 Pro Max} - {September 10, 2019}
{second generation iPhone SE} - {April 17, 2020}
{iPhone 12, iPhone 12 Mini, iPhone 12 Pro, and iPhone 12 Pro Max} - {October 13, 2020}
{iPhone 13, iPhone 13 Mini, iPhone 13 Pro and iPhone 13 Pro Max} - {September 14, 2021}
{third generation iPhone SE} - {March 8, 2022}
{iPhone 14, iPhone 14 Plus, iPhone 14 Pro and iPhone 14 Pro Max} - {September 7, 2022} | Jobs unveiled the first-generation iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone incorporated a 3.5-inch multi-touch display with few hardware buttons, and ran the iPhone OS operating system with a touch-friendly interface, then marketed as a version of Mac OS X. It launched on June 29, 2007, at a starting price of US$499 in the United States, and required a two-year contract with AT&T.
Worldwide iPhone availability:
iPhone available since its original release
iPhone available since the release of iPhone 3G
On July 11, 2008, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) 2008, Apple announced the iPhone 3G, and expanded its launch-day availability to twenty-two countries, and it was eventually released in 70 countries and territories. The iPhone 3G introduced faster 3G connectivity, and a lower starting price of US$199 (with a two-year AT&T contract). Its successor, the iPhone 3GS, was announced on June 8, 2009, at WWDC 2009, and introduced video recording functionality.
First iPhone on display under glass at the January 2007 Macworld show
The iPhone 4 was announced on June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, and introduced a redesigned body incorporating a stainless steel frame and a rear glass panel. At release, the iPhone 4 was marketed as the "world's thinnest smartphone"; it uses the Apple A4 processor, being the first iPhone to use an Apple custom-designed chip. It introduced the Retina display, having four-times the display resolution of preceding iPhones, and was the highest-resolution smartphone screen at release; a front-facing camera was also introduced, enabling video calling functionality via FaceTime.
Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way, and this issue was nicknamed "antennagate". In January 2011, as Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T was expiring, Verizon announced that they would be carrying the iPhone 4, with a model compatible with Verizon's CDMA network releasing on February 10.
The iPhone 4S was announced on October 4, 2011, and introduced the Siri virtual assistant, a dual-core A5 processor, and an 8 megapixel camera with 1080p video recording functionality. The iPhone 5 was announced on September 12, 2012, and introduced a larger 4-inch screen, up from the 3.5-inch screen of all previous iPhone models, as well as faster 4G LTE connectivity. It also introduced a thinner and lighter body made of aluminum alloy, and the 30-pin dock connector of previous iPhones was replaced with the new, reversible Lightning connector.
Bottom angle comparison between iPhone 5C (top), iPhone 5s (middle), and iPhone 4S (bottom).
The iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were announced on September 10, 2013. The iPhone 5S included a 64-bit A7 processor, becoming the first ever 64-bit smartphone; it also introduced the Touch ID fingerprint authentication sensor. The iPhone 5C was a lower-cost device that incorporated hardware from the iPhone 5, into a series of colorful plastic frames.
On September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, and included significantly larger screens than the iPhone 5S, at 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch respectively; both models also introduced mobile payment technology via Apple Pay. Optical image stabilization was introduced to the 6 Plus' camera. The Apple Watch was also introduced on the same day, and is a smartwatch that operates in conjunction with a connected iPhone. Some users experienced bending issues from normal use with the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, particularly on the latter model, and this issue was nicknamed "bendgate".
The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were introduced on September 9, 2015, and included a more bend-resistant frame made of a stronger aluminum alloy, as well as a higher resolution 12-megapixel main camera capable of 4K video recording. The first-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 21, 2016, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 6S, in the frame of the older iPhone 5S.
The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus were announced on September 7, 2016, which introduced larger camera sensors, IP67-certified water and dust resistance, and a quad-core A10 Fusion processor utilizing big.LITTLE technology; the 3.5mm headphone jack was removed, and was followed by the introduction of the AirPods wireless earbuds. Optical image stabilization was added to the 7's camera. A second telephoto camera lens was added on the 7 Plus, enabling two-times optical zoom, and "Portrait" photography mode which simulates bokeh in photos.
The iPhone 8, 8 Plus, and iPhone X were announced on September 12, 2017, in Apple's first event held at the Steve Jobs Theater in Apple Park. All models featured rear glass panel designs akin to the iPhone 4, wireless charging, and a hexa-core A11 Bionic chip with "Neural Engine" AI accelerator hardware. The iPhone X additionally introduced a 5.8-inch OLED "Super Retina" display with a "bezel-less" design, with a higher pixel density and contrast ratio than previous iPhones with LCD displays, and introduced a stronger frame made of stainless steel. It also introduced Face ID facial recognition authentication hardware, in a "notch" screen cutout, in place of Touch ID; the home button was removed to make room for additional screen space, replacing it with a gesture-based navigation system. At its US$999 starting price, the iPhone X was the most expensive iPhone at launch.
Picture of the cameras on the iPhone 13 Pro. Newer iPhone models have been praised for their camera quality.
The iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and XS Max were announced on September 12, 2018. All models featured the "Smart HDR" computational photography system, and a significantly more powerful "Neural Engine". The XS Max introduced a larger 6.5-inch screen. The iPhone XR included a 6.1-inch LCD "Liquid Retina" display, with a "bezel-less" design similar to the iPhone X, but does not include a second telephoto lens; it was made available in a series of vibrant colors, akin to the iPhone 5C, and was a lower-cost device compared to the iPhone X and XS.
The iPhone 11, 11 Pro, and 11 Pro Max were announced on September 10, 2019. The iPhone 11 was the successor to the iPhone XR, while the iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max succeeded the iPhone XS and XS Max. All models gained an ultra-wide lens, enabling two-times optical zoom out, as well as larger batteries for longer battery life. The second-generation iPhone SE was introduced on April 17, 2020, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 11, in the frame of the older iPhone 8, while retaining the home button and the Touch ID sensor.
The iPhone 12, 12 Mini, 12 Pro, and 12 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on October 13, 2020. All models featured OLED "Super Retina XDR" displays, introduced faster 5G connectivity, and the MagSafe magnetic charging and accessory system; a slimmer flat-edged design was also introduced, which combined with stronger glass-ceramic front glass, added better drop protection compared to previous iPhones. The iPhone 12 Mini introduced a smaller 5.4-inch screen, while the 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max had larger screens of 6.1-inch and 6.7-inch respectively. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max additionally added a Lidar sensor for better accuracy in augumented reality (AR) applications.
The iPhone 13, 13 Mini, 13 Pro, and 13 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on September 14, 2021. All models featured larger camera sensors, larger batteries for longer battery life, and a narrower "notch" screen cutout. The iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max additionally introduced smoother adaptive 120 Hz refresh rate "ProMotion" technology in its OLED display, and three-times optical zoom in the telephoto lens. The low-cost third-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 8, 2022, and incorporated the A15 Bionic chip from the iPhone 13, but otherwise retained similar hardware to the second-generation iPhone SE.
The iPhone 14, 14 Plus, 14 Pro, and 14 Pro Max were announced on September 7, 2022. All models introduced satellite phone emergency calling functionality. The iPhone 14 Plus introduced the large 6.7-inch screen size, first seen on the iPhone 12 Pro Max, into a lower-cost device. The iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max additionally introduced a higher-resolution 48-megapixel main camera, the first increase in megapixel count since the iPhone 6S; it also introduced always-on display technology to the lock screen, and an interactive status bar interface integrated in a redesigned screen cutout, entitled "Dynamic Island". | 0.7269 |
closed_qa | Based on the provided text, In what year did the National Gallery of Ireland open its doors to the public and what kind of art is it known for? | The National Gallery of Ireland opened in 1864 and is known for its Irish, Italian Baroque, and Dutch masters paintings | The National Gallery of Ireland (Irish: Gailearaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann) houses the national collection of Irish and European art. It is located in the centre of Dublin with one entrance on Merrion Square, beside Leinster House, and another on Clare Street. It was founded in 1854 and opened its doors ten years later. The gallery has an extensive, representative collection of Irish paintings and is also notable for its Italian Baroque and Dutch masters painting. The current director is Caroline Campbell. | 0.7269 |
general_qa | Why is Rafael Nadal so successful on clay courts? | There are a lot of factors contributing to Rafael Nadal's success on clay. It starts with his preferred play style, heavy topspin. Heavily top spun ball bites into the surface more and jumped up higher, making it harder for the opponents to get the ball back. Next is his physical prowess -- clay courts are slow, which leads to longer points, so the players have to be in fantastic physical shape for them to keep playing at their best levels for 3-4 hours on average. Finally, Rafael Nadal's attitude and competitive spirit -- never give up, always plays with a high-intensity point in point out, and plays the sport with humility make him the ultimate champion he is on clay courts. | 0.7269 |
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brainstorming | What are some things you could do over the Easter break? | - Go camping
- Visit friends
- Go out to lunch
- Relax
- Clean the house
- Sleep in every day
- Spend time with family
- Go to church
- Go shopping
- Play sport
- Go to the gym
- Sightsee
- Take up a new hobby | 0.7269 |
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brainstorming | How many months have 28 days? | All of them! But February is the only month to end on the 28th day (except for leap years every four years, when it ends on the 29th day). | 0.7268 |
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general_qa | What is bicycling and why would someone do it? Is bicycling healthy and joyful or is it painful and a waste of time? How many bicycles should you have? Which part of the world do you find the most people bicycling? | Bicycling is a form of human powered movement that typically involves sitting or standing on a machine with two wheels that can be propelled forward by using one's arms or legs. The bicycle was invented in the early 1800 (1817) by a German inventor named Drais. The early bicycles were built from wood and soon after used heavy steel for the frame and wheels. These steel bikes were called Boneshakers because when you road on them you would feel every stone and bump through your bones. Bicycling exists in nearly every corner of the world, on every continent and it is done by all people. In many countries, bicycling is the primary mode of transportation for people, especially in urban settings. Bicycling is also a professional sporting competition where men and women race against one another in large groups in front of cheering crowds. Bicycling is a very efficient form of converting power generated by a human into forward motion. While most humans can't run faster than 10 miles per hour for more than a few miles, humans can go much faster and often hundreds of miles when using a bicycle. Because modern bicycles use pneumatic tires and have many gears, it is considered a very healthy form of exercise. People who love bicycling often have many different bicycles for different conditions, such as dirt or gravel, pavement, snow and even sand. | 0.7268 |
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brainstorming | How to become a good team player? | To become a good team player, one needs to be:
Considerate to other team members and
Willing to help and go above and beyond to help teammates
Not only that, they actually should instill a positive attitude towards all team members and be always ready to help and leave things better then it was
There is no "i" in team | 0.7267 |
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open_qa | What is a knowledge base? | A knowledge base is a set of articles composed of words and sentences that explains concepts of what are known but perhaps hard to understand. A kb can be used to help streamline and making training more readily accessible. A kb is also a place where exchange of ideas occurs through asking interactive questions on published articles. An example of a widely use kb is stackoverflow.com | 0.7267 |
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brainstorming | Brainstorm a list of things you do in the morning before leaving for work | Check the weather, eat breakfast, make coffee, brush your teeth, put on clothes, put together your briefcase | 0.7266 |
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classification | Classify each of the following as either round or square shaped: a planet, a a ball, a slice of bread, a chess board. | Planets are round.
Balls are round.
A slice of bread is square shaped.
A chess board is square shaped. | 0.7266 |
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brainstorming | Think of a bunch of different ways you could lift weights at home without any dumbbells or gym equipment. | 1. Bodyweight training: Bodyweight training (calisthenics) is the easiest way to train at home without any gym equipment. It can help you build muscle mass and increase your strength.
2. Backpack: You can fill a backpack with books or other heavy things at home and use it instead of weights.
3. Plastic bottles: fill plastic bottles with water and duck tape them together. With a box of 6 x 2 L plastic bottles fully filled with water, you will have 12 KG of weights. | 0.7266 |
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brainstorming | What are four creative ways to use a chess set besides playing chess? | You could use the pieces to invent a different war game; you could create a bottle flipping game with the king and queen; if the pieces are wood, you could use them as kindling for a Bo fire; and you could use the pieces as decorative paper weights. | 0.7265 |
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information_extraction | Why are Guyanese Creole words and phrases considered to be very elastic? | Guyanese Creole words and phrases considered to be very elastic because new ones can be made up, changed or evolved within a short period. They can also be used within a very small group, until picked up by a larger community. | There are many sub-dialects of Guyanese Creole based on geographical location, urban - rural location, and race of the speakers. For example, along the Rupununi River, where the population is largely Amerindian, a distinct form of Guyanese Creole exists. The Georgetown (capital city) urban area has a distinct accent, while within a forty-five-minute drive away from this area the dialect/accent changes again, especially if following the coast where rural villages are located. As with other Caribbean languages, words and phrases are very elastic, and new ones can be made up, changed or evolve within a short period. They can also be used within a very small group, until picked up by a larger community. Ethnic groups are also known to alter or include words from their own backgrounds. A socially stratified creole speech continuum also exists between Guyanese English and Standard / British English. Speech by members of the upper classes is phonetically closest to British and American English, whereas speech by members of the lower classes most closely resembles other Caribbean English dialects. | 0.7264 |
brainstorming | Give me an idea for repurposing my empty egg carton and instructions on how to do it. | You can repurpose your empty egg carton to grow seeds into small sprouted seedlings. First, fill each egg cup with a small amount of soil. Second, poke a little hole into the center of each soil mound. Third, put 2-3 seeds into the center of each soil mound and cover with a small amount of soil. Finally, place in front of a bright window and water regularly to encourage growth. When the seeds sprout, you can plant them! | 0.7264 |
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classification | Determine which companies are primarily cloud-software companies and which are semiconductor companies: Intel, Google, Workday, Zscaler, AMD, NVIDIA, and Texas Instruments. | Intel, AMD, NVIDIA, and Texas Instruments are primarily semiconductor companies. Workday and Zscaler are fully cloud-software companies. Google is primarily a software company, however, they also develop custom-developed application-specific integrated circuits which are semiconductors. | 0.7264 |
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brainstorming | Give me a list of 5 cool starter projects a student new to computer programming could have fun making. | Here are some great starter projects for those learning to code:
1. Conway's Game of Life
2. Rock Paper Scissors
3. Connect 4
4. Choose Your Own Adventure style text-based game
5. Blackjack Simulator | 0.7263 |
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summarization | List down some important points about Indore city in India from given text | 1. Indore is a the largest and most populated city in Madhya Pradesh, India.
2. Indore is the education hub of the state with IIT and IIM.
3. It is located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau, at an average altitude of 553 meters (1,814 ft) above sea level, The city is 190 km (120 mi) west of the state capital of Bhopal.
4. Indore has population of 1,994,397 based on census 2011 population and 3,570,295 (urban agglomeration).
5. Indore city is distributed over a area of 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi).
6. Sixth time in a row Indore is the cleanest city in India according to Swachh Survekshan Report 2022. | Indore is the largest and most populous city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division. It is also considered as an education hub of the state and is the only city to encompass campuses of both the Indian Institute of Technology and the Indian Institute of Management. Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau, at an average altitude of 553 meters (1,814 ft) above sea level, it has the highest elevation among major cities of Central India. The city is 190 km (120 mi) west of the state capital of Bhopal. Indore had a census-estimated 2011 population of 1,994,397 (municipal corporation) and 3,570,295 (urban agglomeration). The city is distributed over a land area of just 530 square kilometres (200 sq mi), making Indore the most densely populated major city in the central province. Indore is the cleanest city in India according to Swachh Survekshan Report 2022 sixth time in a row, conducted by MoHUA the world's largest urban sanitation and cleanliness survey. | 0.7263 |
open_qa | What is the difference between the Debt Snowball and Debt Avalanche methods of paying off debt? | The Debt Snowball and Debt Avalanche are two widely known methods of paying off debt. One is a mathematically faster way to pay off the debt; whereas, the alternative is slightly slower but is more psychologically motivating. This motivation is what helps the person reach their debt pay off goals. The following set of debts will be used as the basis for explaining each method:
Debt A has a balance of $10,000 at a 4% interest rate.
Debt B has a balance of $5,000 at a 10% interest rate.
Debt C has a balance of $8,000 at a 24% interest rate.
The Debt Avalanche is typically the fastest and most cost effective way to pay off debt. The person makes minimum payments on all their debts and any extra goes towards the account with highest interest rate (Debt C in example above). Once that first balance is paid off, the person takes the payments from that and puts it all towards the second highest interest rate (Debt B). Repeat until all debts are paid.
The Debt Snowball is a method popularized by a personal finance expert, Dave Ramsey, in Step 2 of his 7 Baby Steps to building wealth. This method uses psychology by paying off the smallest balance first (Debt B above). The theory is that the feeling of quickly paying off a debt balance provides the motivation to stick with the program. Similar to the Debt Avalanche, the person takes the payments from Debt B and puts it towards the next smallest balance (Debt C). Repeat until all debts are paid. | 0.7263 |
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general_qa | I want to become a pro MMA fighter. How can I go about doing so? | There are many different avenues that you can take in order to become a pro Mixed-Martial Arts fighter. To be successful will require a lot of discipline and hard work. Here is one potential path which you may consider:
1) Improve you general fitness: In order to become a successful MMA athlete you need to have good general fitness. This can include things like strength training, yoga (flexibility) and cardio (swimming, running, etc).
2) Get a breadth of experience: It is helpful to get competency in the various specialties that are found in MMA fights so you can adequately handle all styles that may be employed at the time. At a high level, this can be split into two sections:
- Striking: Relevant marital arts you may want to consider training is Boxing, Kickboxing, Muai-Thai.
- Grappling: Relevant marital arts you may want to consider training in is Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Sambo, Freestyle Wresting.
3) Consider specializing: While it is good to have a breadth of different techniques, really honing in on one sub-discipline can give you an edge in comparison to other fighters. For example, Khabib Nurmagomedov has found success with a wrestling base.
These are just some starting points to consider when thinking about becoming a professional MMA athlete. Soft Skills like networking and marketing are also very important once you reach more professional levels of the sport. | 0.7263 |
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classification | Which of these programming languages is different from the others : C++, Java, Go, Scala | All these are general-purpose programming languages that are object-oriented. But Scala is the only functional programming language in the list. Scala is built to run on Java virtual machine and has a similar structure as Java. But its use of functional programming constructs makes it more suitable for data intensive and distributed applications.
Most languages in this list support some form of functional programming constructs, but Scala is the only one built with functional programming as a core concept. | 0.7261 |
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open_qa | What can I do at the airport? | When you get to the airport there are a lot of things you can do. You can eat a meal, stand at the window of the terminal and watch planes land and take off, or play. You can also sit and read a good book, meditate, drink alcohol, exercise by walking between different terminals, or get to know someone new sitting next you. If none of these things interest you then you can also work on your smartphone or computer, watch a movie on them, browse pictures and images, or play game. | 0.726 |
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classification | Classify each as a chip or a cracker: Goldfish, Doritos, Cheez-It, Cheetos. | Crackers are Goldfish and Cheez-it, both being baked snacks. Chips are Cheetos and Doritos. | 0.726 |
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brainstorming | Give me a list of 7 of the most popular Pokémon | Pikachu, Charizard, Mew, Mewtwo, Squirtle, Jigglypuff, Snorlax | 0.726 |
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brainstorming | Who are the best starting MLB pitchers of all time? | There are many ways to argue who the best pitchers of all time are. Some of the criteria to consider are Cy Young Awards, ERA titles, strike out titles and records, post season success, and longevity. With these criteria heavily considered some of the best MLB pitchers of all time could be as follows.
5. Roger Clemens (The Rocket) pitched for 24 seasons and compiled accolades such as a record holding 7 Cy Young Awards, an MVP title, 5 strike out titles, 7 ERA titles, and won 2 World Series titles.
4. Pedro Martinez had the 4th highest win percentage in history, won the world series, won 3 Cy Young Awards, an MVP Award, and is one of only 4 pitchers to ever have more than 3,000 strike outs while walking fewer than 1,000.
3. Randy Johnson (The Big Unit) played for 22 MLB seasons and is the all time record holder for Wins, ranks 2nd all time for strike outs, won 5 Cy Young Awards, won The World Series.
2. Cy Young is one of the most legendary pitchers of all time and the annual award for the best pitcher in each MLB league is named after him. Some of his many accomplishments are that he is the all time leader for wins, innings pitched, and complete games.
1. Walter Johnson (The Big Train) was one of the "First Five" inaugurated into the MLB hall of fame. He is the all time leader in shut outs and was the all time leader for strikeouts for more than 55 years. He won The World Series and also is the all time leader for leading the league in strike outs 12 times. | 0.726 |
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general_qa | How do I get to Juneau, Alaska? | There are no roads that lead directly to Juneau, Alaska. That leaves two options, by boat or by plane. Remote Alaskan villages and cities like Juneau are one of the reasons bush pilots are so prevalent in the state. | 0.726 |
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creative_writing | What is some advice for planning an Alaskan vacation? | First, you need to determine what are your goals for visiting Alaska. Do you enjoy summer activities or winter activities? Do you want to see the Northern Lights or would you rather vacation under the Midnight Sun? Once you have decided when to go, you can build your itinerary around these desired activities. It's important to note that if you want to work within a budget, it's more expensive during the summer. Plane tickets, hotels, and car rentals will be pricey and oftentimes harder to reserve. On the other hand, it will be cheaper to visit Alaska in the winter, as you will have more hotel options available to you, but fewer flight options, and you will need to have winter driving experience if you rent a car.
In the summertime, you will get to experience the state in full bloom -- pun intended. Because Alaska gets more direct sunlight during this time of year, everything grows big and fast. The best months for a summertime visit are late May, June, and July. The further north you go, the more sunlight you will have, with 24 hours of full sun in Utqiagvik (formerly known as Barrow). There are plenty of places to go hiking, fishing, camping, and hunting. Don't forget to bring bug spray, as the mosquitoes are huge and plentiful; you'll also likely encounter "no-see-ums" which are tiny biting midges that can swarm you. In Anchorage, the biggest city, you can rent a bicycle to ride the hundreds of miles of trails within the municipality. Keep in mind that despite the extra sun exposure, you'll likely encounter cold and rainy weather, so bring a rain jacket.
In the wintertime, you will have the opportunity to see the Northern Lights. The further north you are, the chances are higher that you will see them. When it's very cold and clear out, and if you're away from city light pollution, you're almost guaranteed to see a beautiful display in the night sky. While you might not have much success camping or fishing, you can still do other activities like skiing and snowboarding at the world-famous Alyeska resort, ice skating on many public-use ponds and lakes, and perhaps catch the ceremonial start of the Iditarod dog race in February. Don't forget to bring lots of warm clothes and to layer up from head-to-toe. Average December temperatures across Alaska vary from a low of 27F in Juneau to -20F in Tok, but it isn't unusual for temperatures to drop much, much further.
Many people don't realize that Alaska is a very, very big state. Don't try to cram too many activities into a short amount of time and give yourself plenty of time to travel to your intended destinations. There most reliable transportation is either a car or plane; there is not a well-developed rail system nor other public transport system. Some car rental company won't let you drive to certain areas because of inherent highway dangers, such as unpaved, gravel roads, isolation, and animal dangers. You'll encounter delays on roads in the summer due to road construction and delays in the winter due to accidents, ice, and blizzards.
No matter what time of year you go, there will be plenty to see and do in Alaska. Just remember to plan ahead, budget accordingly, dress appropriately for the weather, and build some flexibility into your itinerary to accommodate for delays or unexpected changes. | 0.7259 |
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information_extraction | Name some of the superhero teams of Marvel Comics as per the passage. | Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. | Marvel Comics is an American comic book publisher and the flagship property of Marvel Entertainment, a division of The Walt Disney Company since September 1, 2009. Evolving from Timely Comics in 1939, Magazine Management/Atlas Comics in 1951 and its predecessor, Marvel Mystery Comics, the Marvel Comics title/name/brand was first used in June 1961.
Marvel was started in 1939 by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics, and by 1951 had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel era began in June 1961 with the launch of The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. The Marvel brand, which had been used over the years and decades, was solidified as the company's primary brand.
Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015. | 0.7259 |
creative_writing | I need some ideas for a first date. | - Dinner at your favorite pizzeria
- A walk around a local park
- Mid-afternoon coffee at a local coffee shop
- Tour a museum | 0.7259 |
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closed_qa | Given this paragraph about the United States Marine Corps, tell me when it was created in which city? | The Marine Corps was established on the 10th of November in 1775 in Philadelphia, PA. | The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore. In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare, advancing from island to island. As of 2022, the USMC has around 177,200 active duty members and some 32,400 personnel in reserve. | 0.7259 |
general_qa | How long does it take me from the city center of Munich to the football stadium? | Assuming Marienplatz as the city center of Munich, a journey to Allianz Arena will take you approximately 20 minutes by car, 30 minutes by train, 37 minutes by bike, and 2 hours and 11 minutes by walk. | 0.7258 |
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closed_qa | Heres a summary of Gioia Del Colle, a town in Italy that I will be traveling to, how should I pack? | The climate is mild, and does not go below freezing by much in the winter with tropical weather summers. Pack for light layers, and adjust for the time of year. | Gioia del Colle (pronounced [ˈdʒɔːja del ˈkɔlle]; Barese: Sciò) is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy. The town is located on the Murge plateau at 360 metres (1,180 ft) above sea level, between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas.
Physical geography
Territory
Gioia del Colle is on the top of a hill at 360 m a.s.l. It is located in the southern part of the Murge, in the "Sella di Gioia del Colle". It is between the North-West Murge and the South-West Murge and the Adriatic Sea and the Ionian Sea. The municipal area has an area of 206.48 km² and it reaches a maximum altitude of 435 m a.s.l. and a minimum of 296 m a.s.l. Its area borders to the North-West with Acquaviva delle Fonti, to the North with Sammichele di Bari, to the North-East with Turi, to the East with Putignano and Noci, to the South-East with Mottola, to the South with Castellaneta, to the South-West with Laterza and to the West with Santeramo in Colle.
Gioia del Colle's orography
The landscape is characterized by large wooded areas, in which the Macedonian oaks dominate, more than the downy oak. In particular the Bosco Romanazzi and Serra Capece constitute the most conspicuous part of the wooded area of Gioia del Colle and they extend from Mount Sannace archaeological area to the provincial road that leads to Noci.
The western part of the area is part of the North-West Murge, with isoipse that exceed 400 m a.s.l. towards Santeramo and Laterza, while the Eastern one is part of the South-East Murge, with isoipse over 400 m a.s.l. towards Noci. In the middle, on the contrary, there is a depression (saddle) with an average altitude of 340 m a.s.l., interrupted only by the 360-meter hill on which the city lies.
Climate
Gioia del Colle's climate is mediterranean (Köppen Csa), but it has peaks of continentality due to the altitude and the distance from the sea. Temperature varies between −2 e +12 °C in winter, while it varies between +18 e +35 °C with a high percentage of humidity in summer. Annual rainfall is around 600 mm. It often snows, about once a year, especially if there is cold air of Balkan origin. | 0.7258 |
closed_qa | Given this paragraph on Anton Chekhov, please tell me which playwrights he is most often grouped with? | Chekhov is most often grouped with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg as one of the three seminal figures of early modernist theater. | Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (Russian: Антон Павлович Чехов[note 1], IPA: [ɐnˈton ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ ˈtɕexəf]; 29 January 1860[note 2] – 15 July 1904[note 3]) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics. Along with Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg, Chekhov is often referred to as one of the three seminal figures in the birth of early modernism in the theatre. Chekhov was a physician by profession. "Medicine is my lawful wife", he once said, "and literature is my mistress." | 0.7258 |
general_qa | What do you need for car camping? | I always pack a tent, sleeping bag, cot, and air mattress. The sleeping bag should be rated for the temperatures you expect, and the tent quality will matter more in rainy conditions. I also pack a camping stove and propane canister, along with a pot, pan, and mess kit. You'll need matches as well if your stove doesn't include a lighting mechanism. The campground will have a water spout, but I've found it convenient to bring a five gallon water container that we keep on the camp site. For a weekend trip, a few changes of clothes, a flashlight or headlamp, and a couple extra batteries will definitely come in handy. We bring folding chairs and wood if the camp site has a fire pit. A cooler with plenty of ice can keep ingredients cold for a weekend trip, and between hiking, cooking, setup and teardown, there's enough to do for a full weekend. | 0.7258 |
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information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the names of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. Separate them with a comma. | Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa | The Mahābhārata (/məˌhɑːˈbɑːrətə, ˌmɑːhə-/ mə-HAH-BAR-ə-tə, MAH-hə-; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːrɐt̪ɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India in Hinduism, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa. It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors.
It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or puruṣārtha (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the Mahābhārata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, the story of Shakuntala, the story of Pururava and Urvashi, the story of Savitri and Satyavan, the story of Kacha and Devayani, the story of Rishyasringa and an abbreviated version of the Rāmāyaṇa, often considered as works in their own right.
Krishna and Arjuna at Kurukshetra, 18th–19th-century painting. | 0.7258 |
general_qa | Why do Americans feel so strongly about gun control? | The reason Americans feel so strongly about gun control is partly rooted in the history of the United States. Originally, colonial Americans mostly lived outside of towns, farming and hunting in the countryside. This meant that guns were not just for protection, they were for obtaining crucial food resources. The British threat to take away guns was more than a political imposition limiting resistance to British rule, it was potentially a life-threatening policy to families who depended on obtaining food via hunting. This background is in part why Americans originally had such a strong reaction to normalizing gun controls and access, which was codified as a right to bear arms in our Constitution. However, by contrast this aspect of the rationale against gun control largely does not exist today. Gun usage is for sport, and for protection, and only minimally to provide food on the table. However, because of this history, and constitutional codification, Americans feel justified in maintaining one of the world's most vigorous objections to any regulation or controls. | 0.7257 |
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closed_qa | Given a reference text about Elk Grove, what state is it located in and about how many people live there? | Elk Grove is a city in California and has a population of about 180,000. | Elk Grove is a city in Sacramento County, California, United States. Located just south of the state capital of Sacramento, it is part of the Sacramento–Arden-Arcade–Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 Census, the population of the city was 176,124. A 2021 Census estimate puts the population of the city at 178,997. Elk Grove has many wineries, wine cellars, and vineyards. Elk Grove was the fastest-growing city in the U.S. between July 1, 2004, and July 1, 2005, and is also presently the second-largest city in Sacramento County by population.
The City of Elk Grove became the first city in California to be incorporated in the 21st century. It is a general law city with a council/manager form of government. One of Elk Grove's largest employers is the Elk Grove Unified School District, which is the city's second largest employer. | 0.7257 |
closed_qa | Given a reference text about Patrick James Mara, tell me what he was known for. | Patrick James Mara was most known for being a political adviser to Taoiseach Charles Haughey and serving as Press Secretary and Government Press Secretary. | Patrick James Mara (1 February 1942 – 15 January 2016) was an Irish public affairs consultant and politician who served as Senator from July 1981 to October 1981 and May 1982 to December 1982. He was most renowned for being the political adviser to former Taoiseach Charles Haughey. He also served as Press Secretary to Fianna Fáil from 1983 to 1987 and Government Press Secretary from 1987 to 1992.
He was appointed the Fianna Fáil Director of Elections for the 1997, 2002, and 2007 general elections. He was a member of the board of Digicel, the company founded by Denis O'Brien to build mobile networks in the Caribbean.
He was regularly lampooned on the satirical Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) radio sketch show Scrap Saturday, which ran from 1989 to 1991. | 0.7257 |
closed_qa | Given a reference text about Daal dhokli, tell me three commonly used daals. | Three commonly used daals are toor, masoor, and moong. | Daal dhokli (Gujarati: દાળ ઢોકળી) is an Indian dish common in Rajasthani and Gujarati cuisine, made by boiling wheat flour pieces in a pigeon pea stew. A similar preparation is called varanfal (Marathi: वरण फळ), or chakolyaa (Marathi: चकोल्या) in Marathi.
Preparation
Daal dhokli can be made with various types of lentils (or daal). Some commonly used daals include toor (pigeon peas), masoor (red lentil), and moong (mung bean). The daal is then pressure-cooked with water and tempered with spices to create a stew. The dhokli, or wheat flour pieces, are made by kneading a dough of wheat flour, salt, and water, rolling it, and cutting into pieces.
Some variations add peanuts. Other flavors in the dish can come from kokum, jaggery, and spices like cumin and asafoetida. | 0.7257 |
information_extraction | Name some of the well-known superheroes of Marvel Comics as per the passage. | Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel. | Marvel Comics is an American comic book publisher and the flagship property of Marvel Entertainment, a division of The Walt Disney Company since September 1, 2009. Evolving from Timely Comics in 1939, Magazine Management/Atlas Comics in 1951 and its predecessor, Marvel Mystery Comics, the Marvel Comics title/name/brand was first used in June 1961.
Marvel was started in 1939 by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics, and by 1951 had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel era began in June 1961 with the launch of The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. The Marvel brand, which had been used over the years and decades, was solidified as the company's primary brand.
Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015. | 0.7257 |
closed_qa | Given a reference text about the Battle of Thermopylae, tell me when the battle was fought, who the battle was between, how many Greek and Persian forces there were, how the Persian army was able to flank the Greek forces and who won the battle? | The Battle of Thermopylae was fought in 480 BC. The battle was fought between the Persian Empire, led by Xerxes I, and a combination of allied Greek city-states led by Leonidas I of Sparta. There were approximately 7,000 Greek men led by Leonidas I and an estimated 120,000 - 300,000 Persian soldiers led by Xerxes I. The Persian army was able to outflank the Greek army because a local person named Ephialtes informed the Persians that there was an unguarded path that lead behind the Greek lines. The Greek army made one final stand but ultimately were unsuccessful and were over taken by the Persian army. | The Battle of Thermopylae (/θərˈmɒpɪliː/ thər-MOP-i-lee; Greek: Μάχη τῶν Θερμοπυλῶν, Máchē tōn Thermopylōn) was fought in 480 BC between the Achaemenid Persian Empire under Xerxes I and an alliance of Greek city-states led by Sparta under Leonidas I. Lasting over the course of three days, it was one of the most prominent battles of both the second Persian invasion of Greece and the wider Greco-Persian Wars.
The engagement at Thermopylae occurred simultaneously with the Battle of Artemisium: between July and September 480 BC. The second Persian invasion under Xerxes I was a delayed response to the failure of the first Persian invasion, which had been initiated by Darius I and ended in 490 BC by an Athenian-led Greek victory at the Battle of Marathon. By 480 BC, a decade after the Persian defeat at Marathon, Xerxes had amassed a massive land and naval force, and subsequently set out to conquer all of Greece. In response, the Athenian politician and general Themistocles proposed that the allied Greeks block the advance of the Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae while simultaneously blocking the Persian navy at the Straits of Artemisium.
Around the start of the invasion, a Greek force of approximately 7,000 men led by Leonidas marched north to block the pass of Thermopylae. Ancient authors vastly inflated the size of the Persian army, with estimates in the millions, but modern scholars estimate it at between 120,000 and 300,000 soldiers. They arrived at Thermopylae by late August or early September; the outnumbered Greeks held them off for seven days (including three of direct battle) before their rear-guard was annihilated in one of history's most famous last stands. During two full days of battle, the Greeks blocked the only road by which the massive Persian army could traverse the narrow pass. After the second day, a local resident named Ephialtes revealed to the Persians the existence of a path leading behind the Greek lines. Subsequently, Leonidas, aware that his force was being outflanked by the Persians, dismissed the bulk of the Greek army and remained to guard their retreat along with 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians. It has been reported that others also remained, including up to 900 helots and 400 Thebans. With the exception of the Thebans, most of whom reportedly surrendered, the Greeks fought the Persians to the death.
Themistocles was in command of the Greek naval force at Artemisium when he received news that the Persians had taken the pass at Thermopylae. Since the Greek defensive strategy had required both Thermopylae and Artemisium to be held, the decision was made to withdraw to the island of Salamis. The Persians overran Boeotia and then captured the evacuated city of Athens. The Greek fleet—seeking a decisive victory over the Persian armada—attacked and defeated the invading force at the Battle of Salamis in late 480 BC. Wary of being trapped in Europe, Xerxes withdrew with much of his army to Asia, reportedly losing many of his troops to starvation and disease while also leaving behind the Persian military commander Mardonius to continue the Achaemenid Empire's Greek campaign. However, the following year saw a Greek army decisively defeat Mardonius and his troops at the Battle of Plataea, ending the second Persian invasion.
Both ancient and modern writers have used the Battle of Thermopylae as a flagship example of the power of an army defending its native soil. The performance of the Greek defenders is also used as an example of the advantages of training, equipment, and use of terrain as force multipliers. | 0.7257 |
closed_qa | Given this paragraph about Mahatma Gandhi, can you tell me why did he go to London? | Gandhi travelled to London in the late 1880s to study law. He first took English literature classes and then enrolled in Inner Temple with the intention to become a barrister. | Gandhi had dropped out of the cheapest college he could afford in Bombay. Mavji Dave Joshiji, a Brahmin priest and family friend, advised Gandhi and his family that he should consider law studies in London. In July 1888, his wife Kasturba gave birth to their first surviving son, Harilal. His mother was not comfortable about Gandhi leaving his wife and family, and going so far from home. Gandhi's uncle Tulsidas also tried to dissuade his nephew. Gandhi wanted to go. To persuade his wife and mother, Gandhi made a vow in front of his mother that he would abstain from meat, alcohol and women. Gandhi's brother Laxmidas, who was already a lawyer, cheered Gandhi's London studies plan and offered to support him. Putlibai gave Gandhi her permission and blessing.
On 10 August 1888, Gandhi aged 18, left Porbandar for Mumbai, then known as Bombay. Upon arrival, he stayed with the local Modh Bania community whose elders warned him that England would tempt him to compromise his religion, and eat and drink in Western ways. Despite Gandhi informing them of his promise to his mother and her blessings, he was excommunicated from his caste. Gandhi ignored this, and on 4 September, he sailed from Bombay to London, with his brother seeing him off. Gandhi attended University College, London, where he took classes in English literature with Henry Morley in 1888–1889.
He also enrolled at Inner Temple with the intention of becoming a barrister. His childhood shyness and self-withdrawal had continued through his teens. He retained these traits when he arrived in London, but joined a public speaking practice group and overcame his shyness sufficiently to practise law | 0.7256 |
information_extraction | List the types of cured pork that can be used to make carbonara. Separate them with a comma. | Guanciale, pancetta, lardons, smoked bacon | Carbonara (Italian: [karboˈnaːra]) is a Roman pasta dish made with eggs, hard cheese, cured pork and black pepper. The dish took its modern form and name in the middle of the 20th century.
The cheese is usually Pecorino Romano, Parmigiano-Reggiano, or a combination of the two. Spaghetti is the most common pasta, but fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, or bucatini are also used. Normally guanciale or pancetta are used for the meat component, but lardons of smoked bacon are a common substitute outside Italy. | 0.7256 |
closed_qa | Given a reference text about Lee Kuan Yew, tell me when they were born, when they were president, and what their most famous accomplishment was in office. | Lee Kuan Yew was born on 16 September 1923.
He served as the inaugural Prime Minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990.
His most famous accomplishment in office was overseeing Singapore's transformation from an island nation with a high illiteracy rate and no natural resources into a developed country with a high-income economy within a single generation, commonly termed (from his autobiography) as 'From the third world to the first world. | Lee was born at home on 16 September 1923, the first child to Lee Chin Koon, a Semarang born Singaporean, and Chua Jim Neo, at 92 Kampong Java Road in Singapore, then part of the British Empire. Both of Lee's parents were English-educated third-generation Straits Chinese, with his paternal side being of Hakka descent from Dabu County. He was named 'Kuan Yew', meaning 'light and brightness', alternately meaning 'bringing great glory to one's ancestors'. Lee's paternal grandfather Lee Hoon Leong, who was described as "especially westernised", had worked on British ships as a purser, and hence gave Lee the Western name 'Harry'
As prime minister from 1959 to 1990, Lee presided over many of Singapore's advancements. He oversaw Singapore's transformation from an island nation with a high illiteracy rate and no natural resources into a developed country with a high-income economy within a single generation, commonly termed (from his autobiography) as 'From the third world to the first world'. Singapore's gross national product per capita (GNP) rose from $1,240 in 1959 to $18,437 in 1990. The unemployment rate in Singapore dropped from 13.5% in 1959 to 1.7% in 1990. External trade increased from $7.3 billion in 1959 to $205 billion in 1990. In other areas, the life expectancy at birth for Singaporeans rose from 65 years at 1960 to 74 years in 1990. The population of Singapore increased from 1.6 million in 1959 to 3 million in 1990. The number of public flats in Singapore rose from 22,975 in 1959 (then under the Singapore Improvement Trust) to 667,575 in 1990. The Singaporean literacy rate increased from 52% in 1957 to 90% in 1990. Telephone lines per 100 Singaporeans increased from 3 in 1960 to 38 in 1990. Visitor arrivals to Singapore rose from 100,000 in 1960 to 5.3 million in 1990. | 0.7256 |
classification | Classify each of the Super Bowl winners from the oldest to the most recent (first win): New England Patriots, Philadelphia Eagles, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, St Louis and NY Giants. | The answer is :
1. NY Giants in 1991
2. St Louis in 2000
3. Tampa Bay in 2003
4. New England 2004
5. Philadelphia Eagles in 2018 | 0.7256 |
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closed_qa | Given this paragraph about a Civil Rights Leader, tell me when they were born, their occupation, and a famous accomplishment. | Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) was born January 15, 1929. He was an American Baptist Minister and activist who won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance in October 14, 1964. | Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who was one of the most prominent leaders in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. A Black church leader and a son of early civil rights activist and minister Martin Luther King Sr., King advanced civil rights for people of color in the United States through nonviolence and civil disobedience. Inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi, he led targeted, nonviolent resistance against Jim Crow laws and other forms of discrimination in the United States.
King participated in and led marches for the right to vote, desegregation, labor rights, and other civil rights. He oversaw the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and later became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As president of the SCLC, he led the unsuccessful Albany Movement in Albany, Georgia, and helped organize some of the nonviolent 1963 protests in Birmingham, Alabama. King was one of the leaders of the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. The civil rights movement achieved pivotal legislative gains in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.
The SCLC put into practice the tactics of nonviolent protest with some success by strategically choosing the methods and places in which protests were carried out. There were several dramatic standoffs with segregationist authorities, who frequently responded violently. King was jailed several times. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) director J. Edgar Hoover considered King a radical and made him an object of the FBI's COINTELPRO from 1963 forward. FBI agents investigated him for possible communist ties, spied on his personal life, and secretly recorded him. In 1964, the FBI mailed King a threatening anonymous letter, which he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide.
On October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. In 1965, he helped organize two of the three Selma to Montgomery marches. In his final years, he expanded his focus to include opposition towards poverty, capitalism, and the Vietnam War. In 1968, King was planning a national occupation of Washington, D.C., to be called the Poor People's Campaign, when he was assassinated on April 4 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by national mourning, as well as anger leading to riots in many U.S. cities. King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2003. Martin Luther King Jr. Day was established as a holiday in cities and states throughout the United States beginning in 1971; the federal holiday was first observed in 1986. Hundreds of streets in the U.S. have been renamed in his honor, and King County in Washington was rededicated for him. The Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., was dedicated in 2011. | 0.7256 |
closed_qa | Given this paragraph about Choro music style, what are the instruments usually used to play Choro ? | Usually, choro is played by a flute, guitar and cavaquinho but other instruments are commonly played as the mandolin, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet and trombone. Also, to back the melody, a 6-string guitar, a 7-string guitar and a pandeiro are present. Finally, the cavaquinho appears as a rhythm or melody instrument. | Originally choro was played by a trio of flute, guitar and cavaquinho (a small chordophone with four strings). Other instruments commonly played in choro are the mandolin, clarinet, saxophone, trumpet and trombone. These melody instruments are backed by a rhythm section composed of 6-string guitar, 7-string guitar (playing bass lines) and light percussion, such as a pandeiro. The cavaquinho appears sometimes as a melody instrument, other times as part of the rhythm. | 0.7256 |
closed_qa | What direction (North-South-East-West) is Malanów from Zygmuntówek? | Malanów is south of Zygmuntówek. We know this because Zygmuntówek is north of Malanów. | Zygmuntówek [zɨɡmunˈtuvɛk] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Malanów, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north of Malanów, 10 km (6 mi) south-west of Turek, and 112 km (70 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań. | 0.7256 |
information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the name of the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. | Rabindranath Tagore was the first non-European and the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. | Rabindranath Tagore FRAS (/rəˈbɪndrənɑːt tæˈɡɔːr/ (listen); pronounced [rɔˈbindɾɔnatʰ ˈʈʰakuɾ]; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was a Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter. He reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Author of the "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful" poetry of Gitanjali, he became in 1913 the first non-European and the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his "elegant prose and magical poetry" remain largely unknown outside Bengal. He was a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Referred to as "the Bard of Bengal", Tagore was known by sobriquets: Gurudeb, Kobiguru, Biswokobi. | 0.7255 |
general_qa | How do I get to Juneau, Alaska? | You really only have two options, by boat or by plane. No roads lead directly to Juneau, Alaska, due to the surrounding geography. Many cruise ships visit Juneau during summer, which is how it receives most of its visitors. | 0.7255 |
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brainstorming | What are the most high demands jobs in the market right now? | -Nurse Practitioner
-Physician Assistant
-Medical and Health Services Manager
-Information Security Analyst
-Web Developer
-Dentist | 0.7254 |
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closed_qa | Given a reference text about Rraboshtë, tell me what the village is known for and what country it's in. | Rraboshtë is located in Albania and is known for producing grape varieties. | Rraboshtë is a village located in the former Kallmet municipality, Lezhë County, northwestern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Lezhë. The village is situated near the river Drin, about 4 km north of the city Lezhë. Nearby mountains include Mali Kastriot and Mali i Velës.
In Rraboshtë there is also a church named Te Ngjiturit e Zojës ne Qiell but also a school.
Rraboshta is divided into four main mahalla ("quarter" or "neighbourhood"), that of the Tatej, Pemaj, Ballije, and Mahalla e Poshtme. The majority of brotherhoods descend from Mirdita, the tribal and ethnographic region located to the east of Rraboshtë, with most having arrived from Orosh and Spaç. Examples include the Tatej (Spaçi) and Pemaj (Oroshi). However, there are other minor brotherhoods who trace their ancestry to some of the other regions of northern Albania. The Robi arrived from Dibra in north-eastern Albania while the descendants of Gjon Paloka (the Vokërr Pali) came from Kelmend in Malësia.
The villagers of Rraboshtë are known for their patriotism and for preserving the traditions and customs of the areas where they came from. The traditional dress is the kalmetore and mirditore dress. The inhabitants of this village are usually engaged in agriculture and livestock. They are famous for the production of grape varieties and the cultivation of this product. | 0.7254 |
open_qa | How can I better learn a new language? | Learning a language by using it is the most efficient way. Having a partner to practice not only help you work on your pronunciation and accent, it also incentivize you to keep practicing (similar to how having a gym buddy makes you go to the gym more often).
Language are also meant to communicate. Allowing yourself for mistakes, whether it is an accent, bad conjugation would allow you to keep practicing and would result having a broader set of words and sentences you can use. From there correcting mistakes becomes easier as you naturally find relations between conjugation, forms etc. | 0.7253 |
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information_extraction | Name some of the well-known supervillains of Marvel Comics as per the passage. | Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. | Marvel Comics is an American comic book publisher and the flagship property of Marvel Entertainment, a division of The Walt Disney Company since September 1, 2009. Evolving from Timely Comics in 1939, Magazine Management/Atlas Comics in 1951 and its predecessor, Marvel Mystery Comics, the Marvel Comics title/name/brand was first used in June 1961.
Marvel was started in 1939 by Martin Goodman as Timely Comics, and by 1951 had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel era began in June 1961 with the launch of The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. The Marvel brand, which had been used over the years and decades, was solidified as the company's primary brand.
Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, Doctor Strange, Hulk, Daredevil, Wolverine, Black Panther and Captain Marvel, as well as popular superhero teams such as the Avengers, X-Men, Fantastic Four, and Guardians of the Galaxy. Its stable of well-known supervillains includes the likes of Doctor Doom, Magneto, Ultron, Thanos, Kang the Conqueror, Green Goblin, Galactus, Loki, and Kingpin. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City, New York, United States. Additionally, Marvel has published several licensed properties from other companies. This includes Star Wars comics twice from 1977 to 1986 and again since 2015. | 0.7253 |
information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the population of Seattle metropolitan area | The Seattle metropolitan area's population is 4.02 million, making it the 15th-largest in the United States | Seattle (/siˈætəl/ (listen) see-AT-əl) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The Seattle metropolitan area's population is 4.02 million, making it the 15th-largest in the United States. Its growth rate of 21.1% between 2010 and 2020 made it one of country's fastest-growing large cities. | 0.7253 |
open_qa | Why do we use passwords? | Passwords are used in today's digital environment to protect and secure personal accounts. They are a line of defense against domestic and abroad criminals trying to get access to your personal information in order to steal your identity, open credit cards in your name or steal your hard earned money from your bank accounts. Password management is hard for a lot of people because they use the same password for every account, they write them down and cannot remember all of them, and have no way to effectively manage their passwords or secure them. | 0.7253 |
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general_qa | Why kids who pursue athletics do well in professional life ? | Study shows that kids who pursue athletics are on average more successful in their professional life. This can largely attributed to traits such as grit, practice, competitiveness, teamwork, passion and drive that athletics fosters in participating kids. These traits continue to serve well as individuals grow into their professional life.
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closed_qa | Given a reference text about a former President of India, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, tell me when he was born, where he was raised and the subjects he specialised in studies. Why was Abdul Kalam known as the Missile Man of India? | Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR, referred to as APJ Abdul Kalam in short, was born on 15th October 1931. He was born and raised in Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu, South India. APJ Abdul Kalam specialised in Physics and Aerospace Engineering as part of his studies.
He had a career of around 4 decades as a scientist as well as an administrator with the organisations such as Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). In these roles, APJ Abdul Kalam played a key role in India's civilian space program and military missile development activities. He also played a vital role in the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. As a result of his above mentioned contributions, Abdul Kalam was known as the Missile Man of India. | Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR (/ˈɑːbdəl kəˈlɑːm/ (listen); 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.
Kalam was elected as the 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. | 0.7253 |
classification | I'm always confused while segregating the trash. Could you help me identify what should go where? I have to throw these items: Soda Can, Paper Napkin, and Coffee Cup. | Here is how you can segregate these items:
1. Soda Can: Most soda cans get made from aluminum, which is recyclable. You can put it into the recycling bin.
2. Paper Napkin: If the paper napkin contains food debris, it should go in a trash can. Otherwise, you can put it in the compost bin.
3. Coffee Cup: You should check the coffee cup for the recycling symbol. If it is a plastic cup, it should go in the recycling bin. Otherwise, if it is a paper cup with a plastic lining, it can go in the compost bin. However, remember that if the cup has any food or liquid, it should go in the trash bin. | 0.7253 |
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closed_qa | Given this paragraph about Aronia, what is another name for the plant and where were they first cultivated? | Aronia is also known as chokeberries and they were first cultivated in Scandinavia and Russia. | Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs, the chokeberries, in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.The genus Aronia is considered to have 3 species.The most common and widely used is Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) which emerged from Eastern North America. The lesser known Aronia arbutifolia (red chokeberry) and the hybrid form of the abovementioned species called Aronia prunifolia (purple chokeberry) were first cultivated in Central and Eastern North America. In the eighteenth century, the first shrubs of the best-known species Aronia melanocarpa reached Europe where they were first cultivated in Scandinavia and Russia. | 0.7252 |
closed_qa | Given this paragraph about video games, when was the Legend of Zelda originally released? | 1986 | The Legend of Zelda, originally released in Japan as The Hyrule Fantasy: Zelda no Densetsu, is a 1986 action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo. The first game of The Legend of Zelda series, it is set in the fantasy land of Hyrule and centers on an elf-like boy named Link, who aims to collect the eight fragments of the Triforce of Wisdom in order to rescue Princess Zelda from the antagonist Ganon. During the course of the game, the player controls Link from a top-down perspective and navigates throughout the overworld and dungeons, collecting weapons, defeating enemies and uncovering secrets along the way. | 0.7252 |
closed_qa | Given a reference text that provides the geographical description of continent Asia, how many Asian countries have a part of their land in Europe as well? | 5 | Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 9% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area), and has the longest coastline, at 62,800 kilometres (39,022 mi). Asia is generally defined as comprising the eastern four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma–Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas. It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Asia is subdivided into 49 countries, five of them (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey) are transcontinental countries lying partly in Europe. Geographically, Russia is partly in Asia, but is considered a European nation, both culturally and politically. | 0.7252 |
information_extraction | From the passage provided, extract the movie that did well across the globe but received underwhelming traction in Matt Damon's home country. | Zhang Yimou's The Great Wall performed well globally but did not meet domestic box office expectations. | In 2014, he starred in George Clooney's The Monuments Men, and played the minor role of scientist Dr. Mann, in Christopher Nolan's Interstellar. That same year, Damon appeared as a celebrity correspondent for Years of Living Dangerously In 2015, Damon portrayed the main character, astronaut Mark Watney, in Ridley Scott's The Martian, based on Andy Weir's best-selling novel of the same name, a role that earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and his second Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. Having not returned for the fourth film in the Bourne film series, Damon reprised his role in 2016's Jason Bourne, reuniting with Paul Greengrass. In 2017, Damon played the lead role in Zhang Yimou's The Great Wall, a hit internationally and a disappointment at the domestic box office. The film, and Damon's casting, were not well received by critics. Later in 2017, he starred in two satires, George Clooney's 1950s-set Suburbicon, which was released in October, and Alexander Payne's comedy Downsizing, which was released in December In 2019, Damon portrayed Carroll Shelby in the action biographical drama Ford v Ferrari, directed by James Mangold. | 0.7251 |
brainstorming | Prove pythagoras theorem. | There is a geometrical proof that if we square the hypotenuse, it equals the sum of the squares of the sides of a triangle. The sum of the areas of the two squares on the legs (a and b) equals the area of the square on the hypotenuse (c).
Symbolic statement a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2} | 0.7251 |
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summarization | Write down some important aspects regarding civil war from the given text | 1. An intrastate or civil war is a conflict between organised parties fighting within a single state. (or country).
2. One side may want to overthrow the government, seize control of an area, secure the independence of a region, or alter public policy.
3. The phrase is a calque of the Latin phrase bellum civile, which was used to describe the numerous civil wars that raged throughout the Roman Republic in the first century BC. | A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. The term is a calque of Latin bellum civile which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. | 0.725 |
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