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open_qa | Name five NBA teams in the Western Conference. | Five NBA teams in the Western Conference are the Phoenix Suns, Memphis Grizzlies, Portland Trail Blazers, San Antonio Spurs, and Oklahoma City Thunder. | 0.7125 |
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creative_writing | Write a professional email to my landlord asking whether I can make my rent payment 15 days late next month | Mr./Mrs. Landlord, I would like to ask that you allow Brian to turn his rent payment in 15 days late next month. Please note that he has never had a late payment before and actually has a history of turning his payment in early. As a matter of fact, if you review all of the previous months and added up all of the days he turned his rent in early, you would find it's a total of 30 days early. So with that in mind, and considering everything going on in his life right now, he is simply asking to delay his payment for 15 days this upcoming month and then 15 days later you will be receiving the following months payment. Thanks in advance and appreciate your flexibility and patience in this matter. | 0.7125 |
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brainstorming | List the five French mother sauces used in classic french cuisine. | List the five French mother sauces used in classic French cuisine.
The five mother sauces include Béchamel, Velouté, Espagnole, hollandaise and Tomato. | 0.7124 |
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closed_qa | According to Sanderson's Law of Magic, what is the difference between hard and soft magic? | Hard magic is always strictly constrained by a set of rules which can simulate a more ordered world to the reader, while soft magic if more flexible, has no clearly defined limitations and can be used to imbue a sense of wonder to the reader. | The idea of hard magic and soft magic was popularized by Sanderson for world building and creating magic systems in fictional settings. The terminology of hard and soft originate from hard and soft sciences, which lends itself towards hard science fiction and soft science fiction. Both terms are approximate ways of characterizing two ends of a spectrum. Hard magic systems follow specific rules, the magic is controlled and explained to the reader in the narrative detailing the mechanics behind the way the magic 'works' and can be used for building settings that revolve around the magic system. Soft magic systems may not have clearly defined rules or limitations, or they may provide limited exposition regarding their workings. They are used to create a sense of wonder to the reader. | 0.7124 |
closed_qa | In the following passage about mechanical-switch keyboards, which keyboards are the loudest, and how can I make them quieter? | Mechanical-switch keyboards with "Clicky" switches come with both a bump and an audible click. Without adjusting the material of the plates or case, the way for users to reduce the noise would be to replace the keycaps or applying lubricant to reduce friction inside the switch. | Every key on a mechanical-switch keyboard contains a complete switch underneath. Each switch is composed of a housing, a spring, and a stem, and sometimes other parts such as a separate tactile leaf or a clickbar. Switches come in three variants: "linear" with consistent resistance, "tactile" with a non-audible bump, and "clicky" with both a bump and an audible click. Depending on the resistance of the spring, the key requires different amounts of pressure to actuate and to bottom out. The shape of the stem as well as the design of the switch housing varies the actuation distance and travel distance of the switch. The sound can be altered by the material of the plate, case, lubrication, the keycap profile, and even modifying the individual switch. These modifications, or "mods" include applying lubricant to reduce friction inside the switch itself, inserting "switch films" to reduce wobble, swapping out the spring inside to modify the resistance of the switch itself and many more. Mechanical keyboards allow for the removal and replacement of keycaps with a common stem type. | 0.7124 |
classification | If we didn't want to risk a having a flat tire, which of these vehicles would we avoid: bus, car, truck, plane, train, kayak, helicopter. | Flat tires are only possible on a car, bus and truck, so avoid those. You can take a plane, train, kayak or helicopter without risking having a flat tire. | 0.7124 |
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brainstorming | "repair instead of replace" give five points to support this argument | 1) saves cost
2) reduces wastage
3) good for environment
4) promotes local employment
5) efficient use of resources | 0.7124 |
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general_qa | Why has the percentage of CEOs of Indian descent gone up in the last decade ? | In the last decade there is a growing trend of corporations being led by CEOs of Indian descent. Many factors have contributed to this trend including but not limited to:
1) Immigration laws that attract best of talent from across the world to western nations
2) Strong education system in India
3) English as the primary/secondary language in most educational institutions across India
4) Cultural diversity of India that fosters empathy and adaptability
6) Immigrant's drive to succeed in a foreign nation given limited safety net
7) Acceptance of cultural and social diversity in large enterprises | 0.7124 |
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brainstorming | Who are some students at Hogwarts in Gryffindor house that were in the same year as Harry Potter? | Hogwarts is the fictitious school in the Harry Potter book series. The books mentions several students in Harry Potter's year from the Gryffindor house, such as Dean Thomas, Seamus Finnigan, Neville Longbottom, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger. | 0.7124 |
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classification | Categorize these colors as either warm colors or cool colors: yellow, red, blue, green, white, black. | Yellow and red are warm colors, green and blue are cool colors, white and black are neutral colors, considered neither warm nor cool. | 0.7124 |
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general_qa | Why do people like skiing or snowboarding down a mountain? | People like to ski or snowboard down a mountain because it gives them a sense of adventure and a thrill to be out in nature, enjoying what winter has provided for them. The art of sliding controllably down a mountain gives people a slight adrenaline rush that can be addicting. Immersed safely in nature where there are trees, beautiful mountains, and lakes to see gives a sharp peaceful contrast to extreme adventure and risk-taking that ski and snowboarding invokes. | 0.7124 |
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classification | Tell me whether these are nouns or proper nouns: United States of America, playground, rope, St. Petersburg, Miami, ocean | United States of America: Proper Noun
Playground: Noun
Rope: Noun
St. Petersburg: Proper Noun
Miami: Proper Noun
Ocean: Noun | 0.7123 |
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brainstorming | Give me a bulleted list of all of the Star Wars movies in order by release date. | 1. Episode IV: A New Hope (1977)
2. Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
3. Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983)
4. Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999)
5. Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002)
6. Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005)
7. Episode VII: The Force Awakens (2015) | 0.7123 |
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general_qa | Is it important to have friends? | Yes, it is important to have friends. Friends can provide camaraderie, support, guidance and encourage you to think in new and different ways by challenging your beliefs and assumptions. Many people have different types or categories of friends. For example, some friends may be individuals with whom specific activities are shared such as music or sports. Other friends may be individuals from whom you seek advice on complex personal decisions. Another category or type of friend may be one or more individuals with whom you can share almost anything without fear of embarrassment or being judged. It is particularly important to have an active social life as one gets older. Positive social interactions help older adults avoid loneliness and stay healthy. | 0.7123 |
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general_qa | What is SQL? | SQL is short for Structured Query Language, which is a declarative programming language typically used for querying, exploring, and interacting with structured data. | 0.7123 |
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open_qa | Why is it good to fly direct? | When flying direct to a location, you cut down on potential negative variable while traveling. If you have a layover, there is the chance you might miss you flight if your first flight is delayed. Additionally, if you check your luggage there is the chance it is lost between flights. This doesn't always happen but the chance of it happening is there when you book a one or two stop flight. Finally, it is always faster if you are able to fly to a destination directly | 0.7123 |
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brainstorming | What steps can I take to avoid getting hit by a falling window from a skyscraper while walking about in downtown during high winds? | Here are some steps you can take to avoid getting hit by falling windows detached from tall building by strong winds from cyclones or tornadoes:
1. The space area close to a doorway or near windows is most likely to be affected by falling items, and it is best to stay away from buildings, trees and tall electric or telephone poles. Find an open space, far away from these objects and stay low to the ground to reduce your chances of being hit by debris.
2. One of the safest places to avoid getting hit by falling objects is underground in a basement with no windows. Try to find underground spaces in downtown like the lower levels of buildings and malls, or the subway.
3. If you absolutely need to be outside and close to tall buildings, try to stay alert and keep an eye out for falling debris.
4. You might think that being inside a car would be a safe option, but vehicles are notoriously dangerous places to be in during high winds because of their susceptibility to being blown over or blown away or for their windows to explode. | 0.7123 |
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open_qa | What are some sound personal financial practices to employ in the modern economy? | Although this is a vast topic there are some widely accepted best practices guidance for personal financial practices in the modern economy. Generally speaking, individuals should first keep track of what income and expenses they have. This often requires noting down monthly income and expenses in a spreadsheet. Once we have an understanding of our monthly income and expenses we can then create a budget. A budget is a financial plan meant to help us understand how much we can spend between paychecks and how much we can save. If we have any high interest debt or any debt, the loan or bill with the highest accruing interest, that becomes the first priority for us to spend our budget on after we account for our expenses. These are some sound personal financial practices to employ and we should try to keep our expenses and debt as low as we can while maximizing our income and savings as a general practice. | 0.7122 |
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brainstorming | A 30-year-old member at your fitness center has been weight training for 4 months and claims to have made significant gains in strength. Twice a week, he performs 1 set of 12-15 repetitions using 8 weight machines. Over the last 6 weeks, he's noticed that he isn’t achieving the strength gains that he’s used to. How would you modify his training routine to optimize gains in muscular strength? | First of all, he’s been performing the same routine over the last 4 months, which means his body may have adapted to the specific sets, repetition ranges, and types of exercises he performs, leading to less strength gains. I would recommend him to switch up his routine! He can consider doing more sets per exercise e.g. 3 sets with lower repetitions e.g. 8 repetitions. He can also consider switching weight machines to free weights, which can help target more muscles and larger muscle groups. He can also increase the number of days he trains a week, from two to three. He can also do well to remember to properly warm up, cool down, stretch, and order his exercises properly (from larger muscle groups to smaller). | 0.7122 |
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classification | Group these animals into 2-legged and 4-legged categories: kangaroo, dog, rhino, lion, giraffe, penguin, chimpanzee and cat. | Penguin, chimpanzee and kangaroo have 2 legs. Dog, cat, lion, rhino and giraffe have 4 legs. | 0.7122 |
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open_qa | What is a prime number? | A prime number is a number greater than one that can only be divided by the number 1 and itself. | 0.7122 |
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classification | Classify each of the following as cylindrical or spherical: Earth, baseball, pipe, tube, soda can, basketball | Earth: Spherical
Baseball: Spherical
Pipe: Cylindrical
Tube: Cylindrical
Soda Can: Cylindrical
Basketball: Spherical | 0.7122 |
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brainstorming | Give me six examples of common productivity myths. | - Waking up early will make you more productive
- Everyone has "the same" 24 hours each day in which to be productive
- Being busy means being productive
- Multi-tasking and task shifting will allow you to be more productive
- If you're happy with your work, you will be more productive
- Hard work inevitably leads to productivity | 0.7122 |
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classification | Classify each of the following as a programming language or not: Lisp, Basic, Esperanto, Prolog, Sympathy, Pascal, Tessellation, Kumquats, Algol, Java, C++, Corkscrew, Envy, Brainfuck | From the list, these are programming languages: Lisp, Basic, Prolog, Pascal, Algol, Java, C++, Envy, Brainfuck. | 0.7122 |
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general_qa | Are panda bears real bears? | Yes, pandas are one of the 8 or so species of extant, or living, bear. They are likely the most distantly related bear relative to the other species, along with spectacled bears. Pandas live in the wild exclusively in Asia. Pandas primarily eat bamboo. Red pandas are not bears, and are more closely related to raccoons. | 0.7121 |
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brainstorming | What are some good sources of vegetarian protein? | Lentils, tofu, nuts, beans, hemp seeds, soymilk. | 0.7121 |
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closed_qa | Given the paragraph around Star Trek starships, which is the fastest. | The fastest starship in the Star Trek universe is the USS Prometheus | The warp drive of the Prometheus-class made the ships of this class faster than any other starship in the fleet at the time in the mid 2370s. The warp drive was capable of maintaining speeds exceeding warp 9.9. (VOY: "Message in a Bottle") | 0.7121 |
summarization | Please give me a short bulleted list of the most important facts about the country Norway | - Population: 5.488 million
- Size: 148729 sq mi
- GDP: 425 billion USD
- Neighbouring countries: Sweden, Finland, Russia
- Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- Fourth highest per-capita income in the world
- Norway is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside of the Middle East.
- Norway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system | Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway.[note 5] Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency of Norway; it also lays claims to the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo.
Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres (148,729 sq mi) and had a population of 5,488,984 in January 2023. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden at a length of 1,619 km (1,006 mi). It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south, on the other side of which are Denmark and the United Kingdom. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence dominates Norway's climate, with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts; the interior, while colder, is also significantly milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes. Even during polar night in the north, temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline. The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country.
Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway. Jonas Gahr Støre has been prime minister since 2021, replacing Erna Solberg. As a unitary sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the parliament, the cabinet and the supreme court, as determined by the 1814 constitution. The kingdom was established in 872 as a merger of many petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for 1,151 years. From 1537 to 1814, Norway was a part of the Kingdom of Denmark–Norway, and, from 1814 to 1905, it was in a personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden. Norway was neutral during the First World War, and also in World War II until April 1940 when the country was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany until the end of the war.
Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Norway maintains close ties with both the European Union and the United States. Norway is also a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Free Trade Association, the Council of Europe, the Antarctic Treaty, and the Nordic Council; a member of the European Economic Area, the WTO, and the OECD; and a part of the Schengen Area. In addition, the Norwegian languages share mutual intelligibility with Danish and Swedish.
Norway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system, and its values are rooted in egalitarian ideals. The Norwegian state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, having extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, and fresh water. The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). On a per-capita basis, Norway is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside of the Middle East.
The country has the fourth-highest per-capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists.It has the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, with a value of US$1 trillion. Although the majority of Norway's population is ethnic Norwegian, in the 21st century immigration has accounted for more than half of population growth; in 2021, the five largest minority groups in the country were the descendants of Polish, Lithuanian, Somali, Pakistani, and Swedish immigrants. | 0.7121 |
information_extraction | List the principles that are used in chemical engineering where each new line starts with "- ". Do not say anything else. | - chemistry
- physics
- mathematics
- biology
- economics | Chemical engineering is an engineering field which deals with the study of operation and design of chemical plants as well as methods of improving production. Chemical engineers develop economical commercial processes to convert raw materials into useful products. Chemical engineering uses principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics, biology, and economics to efficiently use, produce, design, transport and transform energy and materials. The work of chemical engineers can range from the utilization of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the laboratory to large-scale industrial processes that convert chemicals, raw materials, living cells, microorganisms, and energy into useful forms and products. Chemical engineers are involved in many aspects of plant design and operation, including safety and hazard assessments, process design and analysis, modeling, control engineering, chemical reaction engineering, nuclear engineering, biological engineering, construction specification, and operating instructions. | 0.7121 |
general_qa | Why do people love the FIFA world cup? | The FIFA world cup is loved by all because it is the one sporting event that brings national communities to rally around a common sport. Futbol (football) or soccer as it is known in the United States has a way to unite and nations and cheer for their favorite national team. It is arguably the one sport that has an equal playing field. All one needs is a ball and players for any to play. | 0.7121 |
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brainstorming | Would you rather be stuck on a broken ski lift or a broken elevator? | While both are not ideal situations, at least with the ski lift, you get to have a view and fresh air. It’s also important in terms of communication, if you are stuck in an elevator during a black-out , it might be challenging to communicate before help can arrive. This is important if you are claustrophobic. | 0.7121 |
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classification | Classify each of the following as moving horizontally or vertically: Elevator, sky diver, guillotine, car, rocket launch, boat | Elevator: Vertically
Sky Diver: Vertically
Guillotine: Vertically
Car: Horizontally
Rocket Launch: Vertically
Boat: Horizontally | 0.7121 |
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open_qa | Name five NHL teams in the Western Conference. | Five NHL teams in the Western Conference are the Dallas Stars, Minnesota Wild, Edmonton Oilers, Seattle Kraken, and Colorado Avalanche. | 0.7121 |
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open_qa | What is the latest iOS version on iPhone and what issues it addressed? | The latest iOS for Apple iPhone is iOS 16.4.
This has bought a lot of updates to the iPhone like:
- It introduced a new set of emojis
- latest security patch
- It introduced a voice isolation feature for iPhone, now people can not listen to background noise when they are on call
- Now Cloud Shared Photo Library can also detect duplicate photos, this will save your storage
- Crash detection is been optimised for iPhone 14 series phones
- iCloud was unresponsive sometimes has been addressed
- Now you can add notifications for web apps on the home screen itself.
- Many more features are added | 0.7121 |
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open_qa | Name some largest US states | - Alaska
- Texas
- California
- Montana
- New Mexico | 0.712 |
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classification | Tell me whether these are movies or books: Jurassic, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Angels and Demons | That is a tricky question to answer because these are both books and movies! I will say that the books mentioned in your question were written before the movies were made. | 0.712 |
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classification | Tell me whether these athletes play golf, soccer, or football: Tiger Woods, Lionel Messi, Lavonte David, Russell Wilson, Derek Carr, Rafael Leao, Tyler Adams, Dustin Johnson, Jordan Spieth | Tiger Woods: Golf
Lionel Messi: Soccer
Lavonte David: Football
Russell Wilson: Football
Derek Carr: Football
Rafael Leao: Soccer
Tyler Adams: Soccer
Dustin Johnson: Golf
Jordan Spieth: Golf | 0.712 |
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general_qa | How to choose the next company you work for? | The company choosing depending on the follow rough criteria:
- location: whether the company is within the acceptable commute distance
- work culture: how do you treat work life balance
- the mission of the company and the risk associated with the company if it is a growing company
- the compensation
- the colleague that you will work with there
- the corresponding project and whether it will use or improve your expertise area
- the career direction that you want to pursue | 0.712 |
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classification | Which of these games are traditionally considered to be board games, and which are card games? Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Poker, Snap, Chess, Backgammon, Bridge and Scrabble. | Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Chess, Backgammon and Scrabble are all board games. Poker, Snap and Bridge are types of card games. | 0.712 |
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brainstorming | Who are some students at Hogwarts in Slytherin house that were in the same year as Harry Potter? | Hogwarts is the fictitious school in the Harry Potter book series. The books mentions several students in Harry Potter's year from the Slytherin house, such as Draco Malfoy, Vincent Crabbe, Gregory Goyle, Pansy Parkinson, and Blaise Zabini. | 0.712 |
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brainstorming | Give me a bulleted list of movie ideas. | - The President of the United States and a gorilla become best friends. The gorilla lives in the White House and causes all sorts of scandals. Eventually the American people learn to love the gorilla and elect him as the next president.
- An undercover cop gets has a great idea for an invention (a voice box that makes you talk in an accent). He tries to get his idea patented and marketed all while not blowing his cover.
- A war movie where everyone in a platoon deserts together and goes and starts a new community on an isolated island. | 0.712 |
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information_extraction | Extract the year that the Volvo XC40 was released. | The XC40 was released in the year 2017. | The Volvo XC40 is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV manufactured by Volvo Cars. It was unveiled on 21 September 2017 as the smallest SUV model from Volvo, below the XC60. Orders started in September of 2017, and manufacturing began in November 2017. It was introduced with conventional petrol and diesel engines, with a plug-in hybrid model being introduced in 2019, and a battery electric vehicle model was released in 2020 as the XC40 Recharge. A version of the battery electric model with a sloping rear roof was released in 2021 as the C40 Recharge. | 0.712 |
brainstorming | What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of an idle mind? | 1. An idle mind is like a garden waiting to be planted with the seeds of creative ideas.
2. An idle mind is like a blank canvas waiting to be filled with fresh and original thoughts.
3. An idle mind is like a time machine that can transport us to a different world of possibilities.
4. An idle mind is like a treasure chest full of hidden riches waiting to be unearthed.
5. An idle mind is like a garden hose that can irrigate us with ideas and solutions. | 0.7119 |
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brainstorming | What is the best way to cook a steak? | Because tastes differs, there are no best way to cook a steak.
Here are some optimized ways to cook steak.
Fastest way to cook a steak - cast iron skillet. Pan sear room temperature steak in a host cast iron skillet; sear the steak on both sides; baste with melted butter / herbs until done to the desired doneness; rest/cut/serve.
Most consistent way to cook a steak - sou vide followed by flame torch the exterior. Season steak on both sides / edges; put into vacuum bag, vacuum bag, put under sous vide water bath at 130F for 1-4 hours; take it out of the bag, pat dry; use flame torch to char both sides; rest/cut/serve.
Most scientific way to cook a steak - cold sear. Put steak into non-sticking pan on high for 2 minutes; flip once and cook for another 2 minutes; reduce heat to medium low, flip and cook for another 2 minutes; flip and cook for another 2 minutes; keep on flipping / cooking for 2 minutes until reaching desired doneness; season; rest/cut/serve. | 0.7119 |
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open_qa | During Passover, what are some distinctions of what is and is not Kosher? | Typically, there are two main branches of Judaism based on geography. Ashkenazy, predominately from Europe, and Sephardic, non-European. Overall grain is prohibited and many other items they may be unholy for the 8 day period. However, within the Sephardic tradition, certain allowances are made that are not observed by Ashkenazy, such as beans and corn. In some practices, dependent on the degree of religious practice, the observant will share the tradition of the community in which they reside rather than the geographical definition. | 0.7119 |
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brainstorming | If my car is broken while I am riding on the Highway, what should I do? | If your car is broken while you are on the Highway try to maintain calm and identify a safe place to park your car if possible and try to identify if it's an issue that you can continue driving or if the damage can be fixed like a flat tire.
In case the damage is unknown or dangerous to continue driving, try to call the Highway services to help you and contact your insurance company if you have one. | 0.7119 |
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general_qa | What is a good investment strategy? | There are two important dimensions to a good investment strategy. The first dimension is diversification: the strategy should cover a broad spectrum of asset classes. It should have mix of stocks, bonds and fixed income assets. Within each of these asset classes, it should have further diversification. Investing into ETF of index funds would provide this diversification. There could be room for aggressive investment for a small portion of the portfolio. The second dimension to the strategy is time based periodic investment: this allows you to dollar cost average your investments. You buy less when asset values rise, and buy more when they fall. | 0.7119 |
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closed_qa | How many species of Stingrays are there? | There are about 220 known stingray species organized into 29 genera. | Stingrays are a group of sea rays, which are cartilaginous fish related to sharks. They are classified in the suborder Myliobatoidei of the order Myliobatiformes and consist of eight families: Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingray), Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingray), Urolophidae (stingarees), Urotrygonidae (round rays), Dasyatidae (whiptail stingrays), Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays), Gymnuridae (butterfly rays) and Myliobatidae (eagle rays). There are about 220 known stingray species organized into 29 genera. | 0.7119 |
classification | Which of these cities are in Austria: Graz, Warsaw, Amsterdam, Vienna, New York, Jakarta | Out of the cities you listed, Graz and Vienna are in Austria. | 0.7118 |
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brainstorming | Give me three recipes from different cuisines that I can make with potatoes and chicken | You could make potato dumplings in a chicken broth, which comes from German cuisine. Another recipe is mashed potatoes and fried chicken from the American South. You could also try making a Thai curry with chicken and potatoes. | 0.7118 |
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general_qa | Why practicing sport is important ? | Practicing sport is important for your physical health and mental health. It teaches you to set goals and and how to reach them. You will learn discipline, consistency and regularity. But it's also very important for you physical health because of the endorphins and dopamina it secretes. It regulates your blood pressure level. It will reduce your stress, improve your sleep and you will feel happier. | 0.7118 |
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brainstorming | What criteria should I be looking at when buying a new motorcycle? | There are a number of criteria you should be looking at:
- Price: How does it fit in your budget?
- Engine type: Do you want a traditional combustion engine, or go for an electric one?
- Number of cylinders: If you go for combustion engine, how many cylinders do you choose? Less cylinders are usually cheaper, make the motorcycle more lightweight and thus easier to maneuver. More cylinders make the engine feel smoother, also have more power, but are heavier and more expensive.
- Usage: What do you use it for? Just for fun, commuting to work, general transportation? Travel? Offroad? Racing?
- Assistance systems: Modern motorcycles have a range of assistance systems like ABS, Cruise Control, Distance sensors, electronic driving modes for different weather conditions etc. They can make driving safer , but also add weight and make the bike more expensive. Which ones do you need?
- Style: There are different styles like naked bike, cruiser, chopper, dual sport, race bike , scrambler etc. Different styles can be more or less adequate depending on your usage, or you can simply pick the one that appeals to you.
- Size: The two most important aspects in terms of size are seat height and weight. Both have a huge impact on how well you are in control when not driving, for example when you need to stop at a traffic light or going slowly in stop & go traffic.
Seat height is important , so your feet can reach the ground when stopping. However the width of the seat and general width dimensions of the bike also play a role here. So two bikes with same seat height might feel very differently. Best is to try it out | 0.7118 |
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classification | Which of these books were written by James Michener and which were written by Ian McEwan: Tales of the South Pacific, Saturday, Atonement, The Children Act, Hawaii, Texas, On Chesil Beach, and Alaska. | The books by James Michener are Tales of the South Pacific, Hawaii, Texas, and Alaska, and Ian McEwan wrote Saturday, Atonement, The Children Act, and On Chesil Beach. | 0.7118 |
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classification | Which of these famous football players have never won the Balon D'Or: Messi, Xavi, Zidane, Ronaldinho, Iniesta, Neymar | From the list of players provided the ones that have never won the Balon D'Or are Xavi, Iniesta and Neymar. All the other players in the list have won the Balon D'Or at least one time | 0.7118 |
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classification | Tell me whether the following European languages are in the Indo-European language family or not: Spanish, English, Basque, Finnish, Romanian, Hungarian, and Catalan. | Spanish, Romanian, and Catalan are all Indo-European languages classified within the Romance branch of Indo-European languages. English and German are both Indo-European languages classified within the Germanic branch of Indo-European languages. Basque, Finnish, and Hungarian are not Indo-European languages. Basque is a language isolate and is not known to be related to any other living language. Finnish and Hungarian are Uralic languages and are not related to the Indo-European languages. | 0.7118 |
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creative_writing | Write me a cover letter for an application for a role I'm applying for. The role is with a technology company that sells software that helps consumers find the perfect hat based on the size and shape of their head. My name is Roger, I am passionate about hats and have a background in niche technology sales. The hiring manager's name is Jamiroquai. The companies name is Hats4U | Dear Jamiroquai,
Even though I have not be actively looking for a new role, when I saw that you are hiring for Enterprise Sales Executives I had to throw my hat in the ring. I have been a huge fan of Hats4U for many years because it's not an exaggeration to say your company changed my life.
I have been always believed I was a "Hat Person" but due to the odd shape of my head I have always struggled to find a hat that really worked for me. That's when I discovered your innovative solution and it changed everything. Hats4U helped me find the perfect hat that gave me the confidence I felt that I had always been missing. With this new found confidence I felt empower to tell my best friend that I had actually been in love with her since primary school and we are now married with twins on the way.
Outside of my passion for your company I also have an extensive background in niche technology sales and believe I am well positioned to help scale your company to reach the millions of potential customers that I know are out there.
Please find attached my resume, I look forward to hearing from you.
Kind regards,
Roger | 0.7118 |
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information_extraction | From the text, please list which Tesla models when ordered received free supercharging and for how long? | Here is a list of Tesla cars that received free supercharging when newly ordered:
1. Tesla model S and X cars ordered before January 15, 2017 received free unlimited supercharging.
2. Tesla model S and X cars ordered between August 3, 2019 and May 26, 2020 also received free unlimited supercharging.
3. Tesla model S and X cars that were ordered between January 15, 2017 and August 3, 2019 received 400 KWh of free supercharging credits per year. It translates to roughly 1000 miles per year.
Subsequent Tesla models never received free unlimited supercharging. | In 2012, Tesla began building a network of 480-volt fast-charging Supercharger stations. As of June 2022, Tesla operates 36,165 Superchargers in 3,971 stations worldwide (an average of 9 chargers per station). The Supercharger is a proprietary direct current (DC) technology that provides up to 250 kilowatts (kW) of power. All Tesla cars except the first generation Roadster come standard with hardware to charge at Superchargers. The navigation software in Tesla cars can recommend the fastest route for long-distance travel, incorporating charging stops.
Model S and X cars ordered before January 15, 2017, and between August 3, 2019, and May 26, 2020, received free unlimited supercharging. Model S and X cars ordered between January 15, 2017, and August 3, 2019, got 400 kWh (1,400 MJ) of free Supercharging credits per year, which provides a range of roughly 1,000 miles per year (1,600 kilometres per year). Subsequent Tesla models never received free unlimited supercharging. | 0.7118 |
general_qa | How does a push rod internal combustion engine work? | The heart of a push rod internal combustion engine (ICE) is the crankshaft. Rods connect the engines pistons to the journals of the crankshaft. The crankshaft is evenly balanced by weights on the opposite side of each journal to ensure that at high revolutions per minute (RPM) the motor is stable. As the crankshaft rotates it pushes the rods up and down that are connected to pistons. At the front of the crankshaft is a gear, the gear is typically connected via a chain to the camshaft. If the crankshaft is the heart of the engine, a camshaft is the brain of the engine. The camshaft determines when to open and close valves that let in air and fuel into each cylinder and let out exhaust from the internal combustion. The camshaft is a shaft that runs the length of the engine and has lobes on it, small metal cylinders called lifters ride on these lobes and are connected to push rods, the push rods are connected to rockers which rock back and forth opening and closing valves in the cylinder heads. The valves are located in the cylinder heads that sit on top of the cylinders that the pistons are in. As the pistons rotate up, a valve (being driven by the camshaft) opens to bring fuel into the cylinder, when the valve closes a spark from a spark plug, ignites the fuel causing a mini explosion pushing the cylinder down, a second valve opens letting the exhaust from the mini explosion exit the engine. This in turn rotates the crankshaft, pushing another piston up where the process continues. An intake manifold is like the lungs of a motor, it breaths in air from the atmosphere and mixes it with just the right amount of fuel to create that mini explosion in the cylinder. The timing of the air, fuel, spark delivery is critical if it is off just the smallest of margins the engine will not run at all. | 0.7117 |
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general_qa | Why is Boston a great city? | Boston is a very historical city in the context of the development and history of the United State. Boston is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the Northeastern United States. The city boundaries encompass an area of about 48.4 sq mi (125 km2) and a population of 675,647 as of 2020. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest MSA in the country.
Boston is one of the oldest municipalities in America, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from the English town of the same name. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution and the nation's founding, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the siege of Boston. Upon American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), first public or state school (Boston Latin School, 1635) first subway system (Tremont Street subway, 1897), and first large public library (Boston Public Library, 1848).
Today, Boston is a center of scientific research; the area's many colleges and universities, notably Harvard and MIT, make it a world leader in higher education, including law, medicine, engineering and business, and the city is considered to be a global pioneer in innovation and entrepreneurship, with nearly 5,000 startups. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States. Boston businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and new investment.
Boston is a great city because it offers a lot of fun activities for all sorts of visitors; from families to adult getaways. Boston is a terrific walking city and historic Cambridge is just across the river. Boston has terrific historic sports teams; Red Sox professional base ball team play in historic Fenway Park, the Boston Celtics basket ball team and Boston Bruins, the professional hockey team plat in TD Garden. | 0.7117 |
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open_qa | What were five of the best english language situation comedies from the 1990s? | 1. Seinfeld
2. Friends
3. Cheers
4. Frazier
5. The Simpsons | 0.7117 |
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summarization | Which famous musicians played a Fender Stratocaster? | There are few guitars as iconic as the Fender Stratocaster. This guitar was originally developed in the early 1950's and has taken the world by storm. To name a few very notable Stratocaster players the list would have to include Jimi Hendrix, Stevie Ray Vaughn, Eric Clapton, John Mayer, Yngwie Malmsteen, Buddy Guy and John Frusciante. As you can see this list spans many genres and speaks to the flexibility of this instrument. | A–E
Billie Joe Armstrong (born 1972), lead singer and guitarist of Green Day, uses a heavily stickered Fernandes Stratocaster copy nicknamed "Blue". Armstrong modified this guitar with a Bill Lawrence humbucking pickup on the bridge position. After sustaining damage from mud during their performance in Woodstock '94, the bridge pickup was replaced with a Seymour Duncan JB. Blue was used on the recording of every Green Day album until Warning, and during live performances of Green Day's early work, such as their songs from Dookie. Armstrong also used a Fender Stratocaster from the Fender Custom Shop while recording Nimrod.
Randy Bachman (born 1943), a founding member of both The Guess Who and Bachman–Turner Overdrive (BTO) who recently fronted the project "Randy Bachman's Jazz Thing." After a visit to a chiropractor, Bachman was persuaded to switch from a Gibson Les Paul to a lighter Stratocaster. He modified the pickups on his first Strat, putting a Gibson pickup at the neck and a Telecaster pickup at the bridge, while leaving the Stratocaster pickup in the middle. Randy favored Stratocasters and custom Strat-style guitars throughout his years with BTO. Though his bands are mostly known for their simplistic rock-radio anthems, Bachman's soloing often revealed complex melodies and jazz-inflected phrasing. Among his Stratocasters used are a '63 standard and a '71 four-bolt hardtail. He has listed guitar influences as varied as Lenny Breau, Leslie West, Wes Montgomery and Hank Marvin.
Jeff Beck in Amsterdam, 1979.
Jeff Beck (born 1944-2023) - a Grammy award-winning rock guitarist, Beck was known for playing for various bands such as the Yardbirds and his own group The Jeff Beck Group. Beck primarily played a Stratocaster and also has a signature Strat. He was noted for his innovative use of the Stratocaster's vibrato system. Up to 1975 Beck had been, primarily, a Les Paul player. In an interview with Jas Obrecht about switching to the Stratocaster, Beck stated, "With a Les Paul you just wind up sounding like someone else. With the Strat I finally sound like me."
Adrian Belew (born 1949), is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. He is perhaps best known for his work as a member of the progressive rock group King Crimson. He has also worked extensively as a session and touring musician, most famously with Talking Heads, David Bowie, Frank Zappa, and Nine Inch Nails. During much of his career, Belew made extensive use of a weathered-looking Stratocaster, later memorialized in song as "The Battered Strat." This guitar was relic'ed by Seymour Duncan.
Ritchie Blackmore in 1977.
Ritchie Blackmore (born 1945), a founding member of both Deep Purple and Rainbow, and currently a member of the band Blackmore's Night. After starting his career using various Höfner and Gibson guitars, Blackmore switched to a Stratocaster in the late 1960s after seeing Jimi Hendrix perform with one. Blackmore's Stratocasters are modified; the middle pickup is lowered and not used (sometimes disconnected completely) and his Stratocaster fingerboards are all scalloped from the 10th fret up. Through the early/mid 1970s Blackmore was notorious for onstage abuse of his guitars, sometimes destroying them completely. By the late 1970s the guitarist had found a Stratocaster model he was content with and it remained his main stage and studio guitar up until it had to be refretted.
Tommy Bolin (1951-1976), a versatile guitarist who is noted for his influence in genres ranging from acoustic blues to hard rock and jazz fusion. He was the lead guitarist for Zephyr, James Gang and Deep Purple. He also had a successful solo career, and collaborated with artists like Billy Cobham, Alphonse Mouzon and The Good Rats. Bolin played by ear and was known for his improvisational skill. His primary guitar was a stock 1963 Stratocaster.
Joe Bonamassa in 2016.
Joe Bonamassa (born 1977), a blues rock guitarist, has used Stratocasters throughout his career. When he was 12 years old, Bonamassa played a crimson 1972 Fender Stratocaster. Bonamassa is known for his extensive collection of vintage amplifiers and guitars. In 2018, Bonamassa has said that he has more than 1000 guitars, a large fraction of which are Fender Stratocasters.
Bill Carson (1926–2007), a country and western guitarist credited by Fender as "the man for whom the Stratocaster was designed."
Eric Clapton (born 1945), an English rock guitarist, originally played Gibson guitars early in his career. While he was still a member of Cream, Clapton bought his first Stratocaster, Brownie, in 1969, which was later used on "Layla". Blackie, a composite of three different guitars, went into service in 1970 and was regularly played until its retirement in 1985. It was sold at charity auction for $959,500 in 2004. In 1988, Fender introduced the Eric Clapton Stratocaster, the first model in their Signature series. Clapton has been a long-standing client of the Fender Custom Shop.[citation needed]
Kurt Cobain (1967–1994), lead singer and guitarist of grunge band Nirvana, used Fender Stratocasters throughout his career, using the guitar in the music video for "Smells Like Teen Spirit" and in the band's famous performance at the 1992 Reading Festival. Cobain's most well-known Stratocaster has a sticker on the body with the text "VANDALISM: BEAUTIFUL AS A ROCK IN A COP'S FACE."
Eric Clapton in a Switzerland concert on June 19, 1977.
Ry Cooder (born 1947), a guitarist, singer and composer who is well known for his interest in American folk music, his collaborations with other notable musicians, and his work on many film soundtracks. Cooder's bottleneck slide guitar playing, heard on such works as the soundtrack to the 1984 film Paris, Texas, influenced other guitarists such as Bonnie Raitt and Chris Rea and contributed to the popularity of the Stratocaster as a slide guitar. He uses a '60s Stratocaster for such playing.
Robert Cray (born 1953), a long-time blues guitarist and singer, Cray plays a '64 Strat and had his own Signature model made in 1990. The signature model, manufactured by the Fender Custom Shop, combines aspects of Cray's '59 Strat and the '64, omits the standard Stratocaster whammy bar, and includes custom pickups.
Dick Dale (1937–2019), considered a pioneer of surf rock, was one of the first owners of a Stratocaster; his was given to him personally by Leo Fender in 1955. He has been revolutionary in experimenting with the sound of the guitar by using heavy reverb and a unique fast-picking style as heard on "Misirlou".
The Edge (born 1961), lead guitarist of U2, known for his percussive, melodic playing and use of delay, has used the Stratocaster as one of his main guitars throughout his career.
F–J
John Frusciante in 2006.
John Frusciante (born 1970), the current guitarist of Red Hot Chili Peppers, Frusciante used many pre-70s Strats, with the most notable being his worn 1962 Stratocaster. Frusciante used Stratocasters in every Red Hot Chili Peppers album he was involved with, including Mother's Milk, Blood Sugar Sex Magik,and Californication.
Rory Gallagher in 1987
Rory Gallagher (1948–1995), an Irish blues rock guitarist, often credited as one of the most influential rock and blues guitarists of all time. Gallagher is well known for his worn 1961 sunburst Stratocaster. He described his battered Stratocaster as "a part of my psychic makeup". When asked about its importance, Gallagher said, "B.B. King has owned over 100 Lucilles, but I only own one Strat, and it hasn't got a name." Gallagher's Stratocaster has also been reproduced by the Fender Custom shop, to the exact specs of the original one.
Lowell George (1945–1979), primary guitarist and singer of Little Feat. Lowell was proficient on slide guitar employing his trademark tone which he achieved through use of compression and open tunings helping to define his soulful sound as well as giving him the means to play his extended melodic lines. Additionally, he used to swap the bridge pickups of his Stratocasters for Telecaster bridge pickups.
David Gilmour in 2006.
David Gilmour (born 1946), as a solo artist and guitar player for Pink Floyd, Gilmour is credited for his unique, blues-based compositional approach and expressive soloing. Author Tony Bacon stated "his solo on 'Comfortably Numb' remains for many a definitive Strat moment." Gilmour's guitar of choice is a custom modified Fender Stratocaster. He is the owner of Strat #0001, which was manufactured in 1954 but was not the first Stratocaster made since Fender does not use sequential serial numbers. Gilmour is considered to be one of the more influential Stratocaster players since the instrument's invention. David's signature black Stratocaster, used frequently in 1970s concerts and on the blockbuster albums The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals and The Wall, is featured in a recent book by his long-time guitar tech Phil Taylor, titled Pink Floyd, The Black Strat—A History of David Gilmour's Black Stratocaster. The "Black Strat" was retired in the 1980s in favour of a Candy Apple Red American Vintage Stratocaster fitted with EMG noiseless single-coil pickups as seen on the Delicate Sound of Thunder and Pulse tours. The Black Strat was briefly used on the documentary Classic Albums: Dark Side of the Moon before being put on display at the Hard Rock Cafe in Miami, Florida. It was finally brought out of retirement by David in 2005 and fitted with a '83 Fender Stratocaster neck for the Pink Floyd reunion at the Live 8 concert. David subsequently used it again for his "On An Island" album and tour in 2006 and when he played "Comfortably Numb" with Roger Waters on his tour of "The Wall" on May 12, 2011, in London and also played most of the leads on the final Pink Floyd album The Endless River and his 2015 solo album Rattle That Lock and its tour.
Buddy Guy in 1992.
Buddy Guy (born 1936), an American blues guitarist and singer, Guy is well known for playing the Stratocaster throughout his long career. He is also known for his wild showmanship; Jimi Hendrix and Stevie Ray Vaughan both pointed to Guy as an influence on both their playing and their stage shows. Fender has issued several different variations of a Buddy Guy Signature Stratocaster since the early 1990s; the guitars generally have gold Lace Sensor pickups and modified circuitry.
Albert Hammond Jr. (born 1980), guitarist for The Strokes, uses a white Fender Stratocaster as his main guitar for recording and live use. Hammond bought the guitar in 1999 for $400, and used it to record albums such as Is This It and Room on Fire. In 2018, Fender released a signature model of Hammond's guitar, featuring a larger headstock and a modified pickup wiring scheme.
George Harrison (1943–2001), lead guitarist for the Beatles. Harrison and John Lennon obtained matching Sonic Blue Stratocasters in 1965. Unlike Lennon, Harrison employed his Stratocaster more often, using it as his main guitar during the recording sessions for Rubber Soul, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, and the White Album. In 1967, Harrison hand-painted his Stratocaster with a psychedelic paint job, using Day-Glo paint on the body and his wife Pattie Boyd's nail polish on the headstock. The guitar's nickname, "Rocky", is painted on the headstock. Harrison can be seen playing Rocky in the Magical Mystery Tour film as well as The Concert for Bangla Desh.
Jimi Hendrix in 1967.
Jimi Hendrix (1942–1970), known for developing blues in a modern context, Hendrix's main stage guitar through most of his short career was a Fender Stratocaster. Although Hendrix played left-handed, he played a conventional right-handed Stratocaster flipped upside down, because he preferred to have the control knobs in the top position. Hendrix was responsible for a large increase in the Stratocaster's popularity during his career. In reference to his famed on-stage Stratocaster burning on the Monterey Pop Festival, Hendrix is quoted as saying, "The time I burned my guitar it was like a sacrifice. You sacrifice the things you love. I love my guitar." In 1990, the white Stratocaster used by Hendrix at the 1969 Woodstock Festival sold in a Sotheby's auction for $270,000, a record price at the time. In 1997 Fender produced a limited edition Hendrix tribute model Stratocaster.
Buddy Holly (1936–1959), identified as "the first Strat hero." A statue of Holly in his home town of Lubbock, Texas, portrays him playing his Stratocaster, and the guitar is also engraved on his tombstone. Although the initial release of the Stratocaster came in 1954, the guitar did not begin to achieve popularity until Holly appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1957 playing a maple-neck Strat. Holly was also pictured on the cover of The Crickets' 1957 album The "Chirping" Crickets with a sunburst Stratocaster, inspiring The Shadows' Hank Marvin to adopt the guitar.
Ernie Isley (born 1952), member of the American musical ensemble The Isley Brothers has developed three custom Zeal Stratocasters from Fender Custom Shop, using his personal design.
Eric Johnson (born 1954), a Grammy Award-winning guitarist from Austin, Texas, Johnson has played Stratocasters regularly during his career and has played many different types of music. He has participated in developing an Eric Johnson signature Stratocaster model with Fender, which can be bought with both maple and rosewood necks.
K–P
Mark Knopfler in a Hamburg concert on May 28, 2006
Rocky Kramer performing live in 2018
Yngwie Malmsteen in Barcelona in 2008 concert
Ed King (1949–2018) is known for his work with the southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from 1972 to 1975. He used a 1959 model with a black refinish and tortoise pickguard for most recordings and live performances at that time, and also a 1973 model which he used when writing the hit "Sweet Home Alabama".
Mark Knopfler (born 1949), known for his work with British rock band Dire Straits. Knopfler is known for his very particular and unique fingerstyle playing. The song "Sultans of Swing", from Dire Straits' debut album in 1978, was a huge hit that showed the characteristic tone and technique displayed on Knopfler's red Stratocaster. He used the Fender Stratocaster throughout his entire career, as a member of Dire Straits and his solo career. Fender now produces his Signature Stratocaster.
Greg Koch (born 1966), known for his incendiary guitar work. Koch was a Fender clinician and ambassador. He played the Stratocaster for many years and even recorded an album called Strat's Got Your Tongue. He is known for his love of Fender guitars.
Rocky Kramer (born 1990) is known for being a Norwegian "Master Guitarist," now living in the United States. Kramer has been described as a guitar virtuoso "setting fire to the atmosphere with incandescent licks," as well as "ne of the strongest and most poignant guitarists since Hendrix." Kramer plays and endorses Fender Stratocaster guitars.
Bruce Kulick (born 1953), long-time member and lead guitarist of Kiss and Grand Funk Railroad. Kulick stated on his personal website that he used a Fender Power Stratocaster, a model with a humbucking pickup in place of the single-coil bridge pickup, to add a harmony solo line to his song, "What Love's All About." Kulick used a 1989 yellow Fender Strat Plus, during the recording of the 1992 Kiss Revenge album, including for the hit single, "God Gave Rock 'n Roll to You II." Revenge reached the Top 20 in several countries.
Michael Landau (born 1958), friend of Steve Lukather and prolific session guitarist of the 1980s, has used many Stratocasters in his career and is working with Fender as of 2016 to create a Michael Landau Signature Stratocaster.
John Lennon (1940–1980), the Beatles' rhythm guitarist, acquired matching Stratocasters with bandmate George Harrison during the 1965 sessions for Help!. However, Lennon rarely used his Stratocaster, which was notably played on "Nowhere Man" and during the Sgt. Pepper sessions. A different Strat was used on the Imagine album. John Lennon acquired a candy apple red "Strat" with 22 carat gold electroplated brass hardware around 1980. A photo of him playing this guitar in bed one morning in late 1980, shortly before his death, was used an inner sleeve of the album The John Lennon Collection.
Alex Lifeson (born 1953), the guitarist for Rush since 1968, first recorded with a black Stratocaster on the Rush 1977 album A Farewell to Kings. In 1979, he modified the '77 Strat with a '57 classic humbucker, a Floyd Rose tremolo unit (first ever made), a Gibson toggle switch on the lower bout, and rewired with master volume/tone. He used that same guitar for the leads and direct recording for 1979's "Permanent Waves." In late 1980, Alex Lifeson acquired two more Strats in red and white, modifying them exactly the same as the former.
Yngwie Malmsteen (born 1963), known for his work in the neo-classical metal genre. Influenced by an array of musicians, Malmsteen is regarded as highly influential for his use of heavy classical-style chord progressions, interesting phrases and arpeggio sweeps. He is known for playing Stratocasters with scalloped fretboards.
Hank Marvin (born 1941), the lead guitarist of The Shadows, Marvin is reputed to be the owner of the first Fender Stratocaster in the UK (given to him by Cliff Richard). The guitar was finished in a shade of Fiesta Red, sometimes referred to as 'Salmon Pink'. This guitar, with its tremolo arm, contributed to the Shadows' distinctive sound. Guitarists such as David Gilmour and Mark Knopfler credit Marvin and The Shadows, who had "the first Strat that came to England", with influencing their own decisions to buy Stratocasters.
John Mayer (born 1977), a Grammy Award-winning singer/songwriter, has played Stratocasters throughout his career and has had a Fender Artist Series Stratocaster made in both standard and limited edition form. Mayer's use of the Stratocaster in a wide range of musical genres is noted as a testament to the guitar's versatility. After tensions with Fender, he partnered with PRS Guitars to develop the PRS Silver Sky, a guitar heavily based on the Fender Stratocaster.
Mike Oldfield (born 1953), a British guitarist who plays a wide range of guitars and instruments. His "Salmon-pink" strat, bought at the time of his hit Moonlight Shadow, is his favorite guitar.
Q–Z
Stevie Ray Vaughan performing in 1983
Trevor Rabin (born 1954), a South African (now has American citizenship) rock guitarist and film score composer. Most well known for his time with Yes (1982-1995; 2015–present), Rabin owns and plays several Stratocasters, and considers it his go-to instrument.
Bonnie Raitt (born 1949), an American blues/R&B guitarist, singer, and songwriter, plays a 1965 Stratocaster nicknamed brownie, a 1963 sunburst Strat that used to be owned by Robin Trower as well as her signature Strat.
Robbie Robertson (born 1943), guitarist and principal songwriter for The Band. Robertson's main guitar choice was a Stratocaster, despite using a Telecaster early in his career. For The Last Waltz Robertson had a Stratocaster bronzed especially for his use in the film. More recently Robertson made a very rare live appearance at Eric Clapton's 2007 Crossroads Guitar Festival using a Stratocaster.
Nile Rodgers (born 1952), an American musician known for his contributions with Chic and unique playing style that makes extensive use of the chop chord, has a 1960 Stratocaster affectionately dubbed as "The Hitmaker" for its presence on many hit singles.
Kenny Wayne Shepherd (born 1977 Kenneth Wayne Brobst), lead guitarist and lead/backup vocalist for The Kenny Wayne Shepherd Band. Born in Shreveport, Louisiana, Kenny started his playing career at age 16, while attending Caddo Magnet High School, and has performed internationally with many of the great blues legends.
Richard Thompson (born 1949), an English musician best known for his finger-style guitar playing and songwriting, was a founding member of Fairport Convention before becoming a solo artist. For many years Thompson played a '59 Sunburst Stratocaster, with a maple '55 neck. That guitar is currently unserviceable and Thompson now uses a '64 sunburst Stratocaster with a rosewood fingerboard.
Pete Townshend (born 1945), the guitarist for The Who, used a Fender Stratocaster during the recording sessions for "I Can See for Miles" and The Who Sell Out. During the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, Townshend smashed a Stratocaster after the Who's set, which was immediately followed by the Jimi Hendrix Experience's performance where Hendrix also destroys a Stratocaster. Townshend has exclusively used a modified version of the Fender Eric Clapton's Signature Stratocaster since 1989.
Robin Trower (born 1945), a British rock guitarist known for his work in the band Procol Harum and his successful solo career, has his own Signature Stratocaster made by Fender. "The sight of him onstage with his signature Stratocaster is as characteristic to his fans as his classic songs."
Ike Turner in 1997.
Ike Turner (1931-2007), an American guitarist, musician, songwriter and record producer known for his work with the Ike & Tina Turner Revue and the Kings of Rhythm. Turner was an early adopter of the Stratocaster, buying one on its release in 1954. Unaware that the guitar's tremolo arm could be used to subtle effect, Turner used it to play screaming, swooping and diving solos. Turner explained his technique by saying: "I thought it was to make the guitar scream—people got so excited when I used that thing." Turner was also known to play Telecasters and Jaguars. In 2004 Fender Custom Shop produced an Ike Turner Signature Stratocaster, limited to 100.
Ritchie Valens (1941–1959), a pioneer of rock and roll mostly famous for his Latin Rock song "La Bamba", played with a sunburst Strat.
Eddie Van Halen (1955–2020), guitarist of hard rock band Van Halen, is notable for his "Frankenstrat", a crudely modified Stratocaster copy with the single-coil bridge pickup replaced with a PAF humbucker. This modification made the Frankenstrat one of the earliest Superstrats, which are guitars with a Stratocaster body but different features. A replica of his guitar is located in the National Museum of American History part of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
Stevie Ray Vaughan (1954–1990), known for his Texas blues style guitar playing, was an American blues guitarist who is considered highly influential for his driving guitar style soaked with rhythmic style playing. Vaughan was noted for playing a Stratocaster equipped with a left-handed vibrato system. He was also known for tuning his guitar down a half-step and using heavy .13 gauge strings.
Cory Wong (born 1985/86), rhythm guitarist for Vulfpeck, and known for his clean funk 'lead rhythm' guitar style, used Stratocasters throughout his career. In 2021, Fender released the Cory Wong Signature Stratocaster. A unique feature of this model is the 'fourth position panic button', which uses one of the tone controls to "lock" the guitar in fourth position, and disables the selector switch.
Ronnie Wood (born 1947), guitarist playing with the Rolling Stones since 1975. Wood's main stage instruments are 1954 and 1955 Sunburst Strats. He also uses a 52 Telecaster.
James "J.Y." Young (born 1949), guitarist of multi-platinum rock band Styx, has been using a Stratocaster as his principal guitar almost exclusively since 1967. | 0.7117 |
open_qa | What is accounting? | Accounting is a field of study that deals with financial data and transactions. It is a way business keep tracking of payments made to vendors, payments made to employees, taxes paid, payments made to shareholders, and payments for general expenses. At the heart of it an accountant is responsible for the accounting books for every single transaction a company partakes in - receiving and paying money. | 0.7117 |
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open_qa | Why is the World Cup the best sporting competition? | The World Cup is a global event that happens only once every four years. It always has a Host(s) Nation, which is the only team that automatically qualifies for the tournament. Various tournaments lead up to the event, leading to the qualification for the World Cup. From there, FIFA will rank the qualifiers in different tiers and draw them via lottery into "Groups" together.
The Qualification process is available to all teams across the globe. Regionally-based tournaments hosted by the likes of CONACAF, UEFA, CAF, CONMEBOl, etc lead up to the World Cup Tournament.
Once the Groups are drawn via lottery together, all Four teams (from different regions). They play against each other and the two teams with the highest total points will advance to the elimination rounds, which include a round of 16, Quarterfinals, Semifinals, and the Final. Once the elimination round begins they are single elimination matches the loser is out of the tournament and the winner advances to the next round. | 0.7117 |
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general_qa | Is it better to live in the city or the suburbs? | I enjoyed living in the city when I was younger and spent a lot of time with friends; it was very convenient to be close to everyone. As I got older and had kids, it was important to have more space in my home - I was spending more time inside my home than outside it. When I retire, I may want to go back in to the city. | 0.7117 |
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brainstorming | how do I learn flute? | Flute is a musical instrument. It requires a lot of practices to play it well. Here are a few ways:
find a good teacher that has rich experience about how to gradually play with it and follow instructions
find materials online about different people's learning schedule and experiences
practice a lot. practice makes perfect. and continuous practice is more important
Also another important thing is to love it and enjoy the learning experience. It creates the intrinsic motivation which is more important. | 0.7117 |
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brainstorming | Give me an idea for a random sandwich that I should make for lunch. | I would suggest making a sandwich on a ciabatta roll, which is the perfect choice for your bread. Then, consider layering fig jam, arugula, proscuitto and brie in your preferred order. Finally, drizzle a bit of olive oil and balsamic glaze on top, and top with salt and pepper. For added texture, warm your sandwich up in a hot pan. | 0.7117 |
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summarization | Summarize the main milestones of an NBA season | An NBA season starts with training camp in September, which is followed by preseason during which teams play several exhibition games. In the last week of October, the regular season starts. Individual teams play a total of 82 games over the course of the roughly six months the regular season lasts. In February is the All-Star break in which a set of players, voted for by fans and coaches, compete. The All-Star break is followed by the trade deadline after which trades between teams are not possible anymore. The regular season ends around mid April. | Following the summer break, teams begin training camps in late September. Training camps allow the coaching staff to evaluate players (especially rookies), scout the team's strengths and weaknesses, prepare the players for the rigorous regular season and determine the 12-man active roster (and a 3-man inactive list) with which they will begin the regular season. Teams have the ability to assign players with less than two years of experience to the NBA G League. After training camp, a series of preseason exhibition games are held. Preseason matches are sometimes held in non-NBA cities, both in the United States and overseas. The NBA regular season begins in the last week of October.
During the regular season, each team plays 82 games, 41 each home and away. A team faces opponents in its own division four times a year (16 games). Each team plays six of the teams from the other two divisions in its conference four times (24 games), and the remaining four teams three times (12 games). Finally, each team plays all the teams in the other conference twice apiece (30 games). This asymmetrical structure means the strength of schedule will vary between teams (but not as significantly as the NFL or MLB). Over five seasons, each team will have played 80 games against their division (20 games against each opponent, 10 at home, 10 on the road), 180 games against the rest of their conference (18 games against each opponent, 9 at home, 9 on the road), and 150 games against the other conference (10 games against each team, 5 at home, 5 on the road).
The NBA is also the only league that regularly schedules games on Christmas Day. The league has been playing games regularly on the holiday since 1947, though the first Christmas Day games were not televised until 1983–84. Games played on this day have featured some of the best teams and players. Christmas is also notable for NBA on television, as the holiday is when the first NBA games air on network television each season. Games played on this day have been some of the highest-rated games during a particular season.
In February, the regular season pauses to celebrate the annual NBA All-Star Game. Fans vote throughout the United States, Canada, and on the Internet, and the top vote-getters in each conference are named captains. Fan votes determine the rest of the allstar starters. Coaches vote to choose the remaining 14 All-Stars. Then, the top vote-getters in each conference draft their own team from a player pool of allstars. The top vote-getter in the league earns first pick and so forth. The player with the best performance during the game is rewarded with a Game MVP award. Other attractions of the All-Star break include the Rising Stars Challenge (originally Rookie Challenge), where the top rookies and second-year players in the NBA play in a 5-on-5 basketball game, with the current format pitting U.S. players against those from the rest of the world; the Skills Challenge, where players compete to finish an obstacle course consisting of shooting, passing, and dribbling in the fastest time; the Three Point Contest, where players compete to score the highest number of three-point field goals in a given time; and the NBA Slam Dunk Contest, where players compete to dunk the ball in the most entertaining way according to the judges. These other attractions have varying names which include the names of the various sponsors who have paid for naming rights.
Shortly after the All-Star break is the trade deadline, which is set to fall on the 16th Thursday of the season (usually in February) at 3 pm Eastern Time. After this date, teams are not allowed to exchange players with each other for the remainder of the season, although they may still sign and release players. Major trades are often completed right before the trading deadline, making that day a hectic time for general managers.
Around the middle of April, the regular season ends. It is during this time that voting begins for individual awards, as well as the selection of the honorary, league-wide, postseason teams. The Sixth Man of the Year Award is given to the best player coming off the bench (must have more games coming off the bench than actual games started). The Rookie of the Year Award is awarded to the most outstanding first-year player. The Most Improved Player Award is awarded to the player who is deemed to have shown the most improvement from the previous season. The Defensive Player of the Year Award is awarded to the league's best defender. The Coach of the Year Award is awarded to the coach that has made the most positive difference to a team. The Most Valuable Player Award is given to the player deemed the most valuable for (his team) that season. Additionally, Sporting News awards an unofficial (but widely recognized) Executive of the Year Award to the general manager who is adjudged to have performed the best job for the benefit of his franchise.
The postseason teams are the All-NBA Team, the All-Defensive Team, and the All-Rookie Team; each consists of five players. There are three All-NBA teams, consisting of the top players at each position, with first-team status being the most desirable. There are two All-Defensive teams, consisting of the top defenders at each position. There are also two All-Rookie teams, consisting of the top first-year players regardless of position. | 0.7117 |
creative_writing | If you could change one thing about this world, what would it be and why? | Assuming I could change just one thing in this world, it would be for all of humankind to develop greater empathy and selflessness. I do believe it could be the start of so much good at all levels - it would help nations, societies and people to focus on their own and others' happiness --- and make decisions that focus on the larger good. Many of the troubles ailing us as nations would disappear if we just saw the other side and put ourselves in their shoes. Societies would heal if artificially created differences were done away with. And families and relationships would benefit from a better understanding of the other side's point of view.
In this utopian world filled with empathy and selflessness, no human would die of hunger, no mother would lose her child due to lack of medical facilities and no human would die of self harm because they were not "normal" or a part of the mainstream.
What saddens me, however, is that this is such an easy thing for everyone to do. If we all just did 1 (or 10) good deed a day, this world would be a better place already. The miracle isn't anywhere else, it is within us. | 0.7116 |
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creative_writing | Tell me some brief highlights as to why adopting a vegan diet is a better choice. | Vegan diets provide many benefits, including:
- Reducing one's individual contributions to carbon emissions by electing to not eat farmed meat
- Lowering one's risks of cardiovascular disease
- Lowering one's risks of possessing high cholesterol
- Adopting a healthier diet by consuming more fruits, vegetables, and fiber
- Having fewer intolerances to trigger foods, such as dairy
- Appreciation from animals that won't be eaten | 0.7116 |
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open_qa | How many World Series have the Detroit Tigers won? | The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit that plays in the American League (AL). The Tigers have won four World Series titles (1935, 1945, 1968, 1984) and 11 AL pennants. | 0.7116 |
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classification | Classify these quarterback as either won Superbowl or did not win: Joe Montana, Dan Marino, Jim Kelly, John Elway. | Won Superbowl: Joe Montana, John Elway
Did not win Superbowl: Dan Marino, Jim Kelly | 0.7116 |
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general_qa | Why is it important to be a listener? | I genuinely think we need to practice being listeners more, putting ourselves in other people’s shoes more, looking beyond our own problems more. The only way to foster truly deep connections is through listening to others as much as we want to be listened to by others. I cannot stress the importance of cultivating a natural curiosity for other people’s stories and feeling for them, as much as we feel for ourselves and our own issues, enough. In the end it’s all about loving as much as we want to be loved. | 0.7116 |
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creative_writing | Why is recycling important | The planet has a finite amount of resources and it is important to use these wisely to ensure availability for future generations. Recycling also reduces the amount of waste which will otherwise end up in landfills or be burnt for energy recovery. | 0.7116 |
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summarization | Based on the reference text, who were the main parties who supported and opposed Prop 22? | The main parties to support Prop 22 included Lyft, Uber, Doordash, Instacart, and Postmates. The main parties to oppose Prop 22 included California Labor Federation, Rideshare Drivers United, Gig Workers Rising, We Drive Progress, and Mobile Workers United. | 2020 California Proposition 22
Support
Lyft, Uber, DoorDash, Instacart, and Postmates contributed over $205 million into campaigns supporting Prop 22, making it the most expensive ballot measure in California's history. This included major funding for the Yes on Prop 22 campaign, and promoting the proposed legislation directly to customers when using their app. Beyond in-app messaging, Uber and Lyft also conducted extensive social media and television advertising to persuade voters. Such advertisements informed voters that a "no" outcome for the proposition would put many drivers' occupations in jeopardy, among other messages.
Sponsored support
Some of the companies also forced their workers to support and promote the legislation: Uber sent its drivers in-app messages forcing them to click on either "Yes on Prop 22" or "OK", Instacart ordered its workers to place pro-Prop 22 stickers in customers' shopping bags, and DoorDash forced delivery drivers to use bags saying "Yes on 22".
Title litigation
The ballot title, written by Attorney General Xavier Becerra, is "Exempts App-Based Transportation and Delivery Companies from Providing Employee Benefits to Certain Drivers. Initiative Statute". The Yes on Prop 22 campaign challenged this description as non-neutral in court, but their arguments were rejected by a Sacramento Superior Court judge.
Opposition
The No on Prop 22 campaign was funded by the California Labor Federation, with support from UC Berkeley Labor Center. The campaign received around $19 million in support, mostly from labor groups. Driver groups Rideshare Drivers United, Gig Workers Rising, We Drive Progress, and Mobile Workers United, spoke out against Prop 22. Editorial boards from the New York Times and Los Angeles Times also called on voters to reject Prop 22.
The proposition would add protections specific to app-based workers, different from other independent contractors, but these protections would only apply during the time the worker is "engaged" in fulfilling a specific request and not while the worker is logged in to the app and available to fulfill a request. | 0.7115 |
creative_writing | I need a bulleted list of a few things people like to do with trees. | - Read under one
- Plant some in a park
- Pick and eat its fruit
- Cut it for lumber | 0.7115 |
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closed_qa | Given the reference text about AC Milan, how many FIFA and UEFA trophies have they won? | AC Milan has won 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies, which is the fourth most out of any club. | Associazione Calcio Milan (Italian pronunciation: [assotʃatˈtsjoːne ˈkaltʃo ˈmiːlan]), commonly referred to as AC Milan (Italian pronunciation: [a ˈtʃi ˈmiːlan]) or simply Milan (Italian pronunciation: [miːlan]), is a professional football club in Milan, Italy, founded in 1899. The club has spent its entire history, with the exception of the 1980–81 and 1982–83 seasons, in the top flight of Italian football, known as Serie A since 1929–30.
AC Milan's 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies is the fourth highest out of any club (joint with Boca Juniors[nb 1]), and the most out of any Italian club. Milan has won a joint record three Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup, seven European Cup/Champions League titles (Italian record), the UEFA Super Cup a joint record five times and the Cup Winners' Cup twice. With 19 league titles, Milan is tied as the second most successful club in Serie A with local rivals Inter Milan (also with 19 league titles), behind Juventus (36 league titles). They have also won the Coppa Italia five times, and the Supercoppa Italiana seven.
Milan's home games are played at San Siro, also known as the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza. The stadium, which was built by Milan's second chairman Piero Pirelli in 1926 and is shared since 1947 with city rivals Internazionale, is the largest in Italian football, with a total capacity of 75,923. They have a long-standing rivalry with Inter, with whom they contest the Derby della Madonnina which is one of the most followed derbies in football.
The club is one of the wealthiest in Italian and world football. It was a founding member of the now-defunct G-14 group of Europe's leading football clubs as well as its replacement, the European Club Association. | 0.7115 |
general_qa | What is the Masters? | The Masters Tournament is a golf tournament held annually in the first week of April at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. The Masters is one of four Major golf tournaments and the only one to be played at the same course every year. The course is renowned for its iconic holes, impeccable groundskeeping, and colorful flowers that are typically in bloom. The winner earns a coveted Green Jacket and a lifetime invitation back to compete. Many players and fans consider The Masters to be their favorite tournament given these traditions and the historical moments that have occurred in past tournaments. | 0.7115 |
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open_qa | What is OAuth 2.0? | OAuth 2.0, which stands for “Open Authorization”, is a standard designed to allow a website or application to access resources hosted by other web apps on behalf of a user. It replaced OAuth 1.0 in 2012 and is now the de facto industry standard for online authorization. | 0.7115 |
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creative_writing | Write a friendly email to my teacher asking her to postpone our quiz schedule for tomorrow to next week because our basketball team is in the championship game tonight and all students will be out late celebrating our schools victory with pride! | Dear Mrs. Johnson,
I'm writing to request that you move tomorrows chemistry quiz to next week's class. As you know, our school basketball team is in the conference championship tonight. Most of the student body will either be in attendance or watching on TV (until late into the night.) We expect to win and to be celebrating our wonderful schools accomplishments. Given that this is such a great opportunity for our school to celebrate together, I think more students would attend and also do better on the quiz if it was postponed.
Respectfully,
Your best student Joe | 0.7114 |
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open_qa | Name three professional sports teams in Boston. | Three professional sports teams in Boston are the Boston Celtics, Boston Bruins, and Boston Red Sox. | 0.7114 |
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brainstorming | Give me a bulleted list of the last 5 Super Bowl winning teams | Kansas City Chiefs
Los Angeles Rams
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Kansas City Chiefs
New England Patriots | 0.7114 |
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classification | Classify each of the following as cold or hot: sun, snow, oven, fridge, freezer, fire, stove, ice cream | Cold: Snow, fridge, freezer, ice cream
Hot: Sun, oven fire, stove | 0.7114 |
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classification | Tell me whether these objects float or sink in water: oil, leaves, boats, baseball, phone, coins | Oil: Float
Leaves: Float
Boats: Float
Baseball: Sink
Phone: Sink
Coins: Sink | 0.7114 |
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classification | Tell me whether these sports use a ball or not: golf, gymnastics, boxing, soccer, football, wrestling | Golf: Ball
Gymnastics: No Ball
Boxing: No Ball
Soccer: Ball
Football: Ball
Wrestling: No Ball | 0.7114 |
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closed_qa | Given this article about the NSA's ANT catalog, Which hacking tools are used to infect the BIOS of computers or networking devices? | DEITYBOUNCE, IRONCHEF, SOUFFLETROUGH, and SWAP are hacking tools that can be used to infect servers, computers, and networking devices.
DEITYBOUNCE is technology that installs a backdoor software implant on Dell PowerEdge servers via the motherboard BIOS and RAID controller(s).
IRONCHEF is technology that can "infect" networks by installing itself in a computer I/O BIOS.
SOUFFLETROUGH is BIOS injection software that can compromise Juniper Networks SSG300 and SSG500 series firewalls.
SWAP is technology that can reflash the BIOS of multiprocessor systems that run FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, or Windows. | The ANT catalog (or TAO catalog) is a classified product catalog by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) of which the version written in 2008–2009 was published by German news magazine Der Spiegel in December 2013. Forty-nine catalog pages with pictures, diagrams and descriptions of espionage devices and spying software were published. The items are available to the Tailored Access Operations unit and are mostly targeted at products from US companies such as Apple, Cisco and Dell. The source is believed to be someone different than Edward Snowden, who is largely responsible for the global surveillance disclosures since 2013. Companies whose products could be compromised have denied any collaboration with the NSA in developing these capabilities. In 2014, a project was started to implement the capabilities from the ANT catalog as open-source hardware and software.
Background
The Tailored Access Operations unit has existed since the late 90s. Its mission is to collect intelligence on foreign targets of the United States by hacking into computers and telecommunication networks.
In 2012, Edward Snowden organized a CryptoParty together with Runa Sandvik, a former colleague of Jacob Appelbaum at The Tor Project. In June 2013, Snowden took internal NSA documents which he shared with Glenn Greenwald and Laura Poitras, resulting in the global surveillance disclosures. It has been speculated for years before that capabilities like those in the ANT catalog existed.
Publication
Jacob Appelbaum co-authored the English publication in Der Spiegel with Christian Stöcker and Judith Horchert, which was publicized on 29 December 2013. The related English publication on the same day about the TAO by Der Spiegel was also authored by the same people, and including Laura Poitras, Marcel Rosenbach, Jörg Schindler and Holger Stark. On December 30, Appelbaum gave a lecture about "the militarization of the Internet" at the 30th Chaos Communication Congress in Hamburg, Germany. At the end of his talk, he encouraged NSA employees to leak more documents.
Apple denied the allegations that it collaborated on the development of DROPOUTJEEP in a statement to journalist Arik Hesseldahl from All Things Digital (part of the Wall Street Journal's Digital Network). The Verge questioned how the program developed in later years, since the document was composed in the early period of the iPhone and smartphones in general. Dell denied collaborating with any government in general, including the US government. John Stewart, senior vice president and chief security officer of Cisco stated that they were "deeply concerned and will continue to pursue all avenues to determine if we need to address any new issues." Juniper stated that they were working actively to address any possible exploit paths. Huawei stated they would take appropriate audits to determine if any compromise had taken place and would communicate if that had taken place. NSA declined to comment on the publication by Der Spiegel.
Source
The source who leaked the ANT catalog to the press is unknown as of 2023.
Author James Bamford, who is specialized in the United States intelligence agencies, noted in a commentary article published by Reuters that Appelbaum has not identified the source who leaked the ANT catalog to him, which led people to mistakenly assume it was Edward Snowden. Bamford got unrestricted access to the documents cache from Edward Snowden and could not find any references to the ANT catalog using automated search tools, thereby concluding that the documents were not leaked by him. Security expert Bruce Schneier has stated on his blog that he also believes the ANT catalog did not come from Snowden, but from a second leaker. Officials at the NSA did not believe that the web crawler used by Snowden touched the ANT catalog and started looking for other people who could have leaked the catalog.
Content
The published catalog pages were written between 2008 and 2009. The price of the items ranged from free up to $250,000.
Capabilities in the ANT catalog
Page Code name Description Unit price in US$
NSA CANDYGRAM.jpg CANDYGRAM Tripwire device that emulates a GSM cellphone tower. 40,000
NSA COTTONMOUTH-I.jpg COTTONMOUTH-I Family of modified USB and Ethernet connectors that can be used to install Trojan horse software and work as wireless bridges, providing covert remote access to the target machine. COTTONMOUTH-I is a USB plug that uses TRINITY as digital core and HOWLERMONKEY as RF transceiver. 20,300
NSA COTTONMOUTH-II.jpg COTTONMOUTH-II Can be deployed in a USB socket (rather than plug), and, but requires further integration in the target machine to turn into a deployed system. 4,000
NSA COTTONMOUTH-III.jpg COTTONMOUTH-III Stacked Ethernet and USB plug 24,960
NSA CROSSBEAM.jpg CROSSBEAM GSM communications module capable of collecting and compressing voice data 4,000
NSA CTX4000.jpg CTX4000 Continuous wave radar device that can "illuminate" a target system for recovery of "off net" information. N/A
NSA CYCLONE Hx9.jpg CYCLONE-HX9 GSM Base Station Router as a Network-In-a-Box 70,000
NSA DEITYBOUNCE.jpg DEITYBOUNCE Technology that installs a backdoor software implant on Dell PowerEdge servers via the motherboard BIOS and RAID controller(s). 0
NSA DROPOUTJEEP.jpg DROPOUTJEEP "A software implant for the Apple iPhone that utilizes modular mission applications to provide specific SIGINT functionality. This functionality includes the ability to remotely push/pull files from the device. SMS retrieval, contact list retrieval, voicemail, geolocation, hot mic, camera capture, cell tower location, etc. Command, control and data exfiltration can occur over SMS messaging or a GPRS data connection. All communications with the implant will be covert and encrypted." 0
NSA EBSR.jpg EBSR Tri-band active GSM base station with internal 802.11/GPS/handset capability 40,000
NSA ENTOURAGE.jpg ENTOURAGE Direction finding application for GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000 and FRS signals 70,000
NSA FEEDTROUGH.jpg FEEDTROUGH Software that can penetrate Juniper Networks firewalls allowing other NSA-deployed software to be installed on mainframe computers. N/A
NSA FIREWALK.jpg FIREWALK Device that looks identical to a standard RJ45 socket that allows data to be injected, or monitored and transmitted via radio technology. using the HOWLERMONKEY RF transceiver. It can for instance create a VPN to the target computer. 10,740
NSA GENESIS.jpg GENESIS GSM handset with added software-defined radio features to record the radio frequency spectrum 15,000
NSA GODSURGE.jpg GODSURGE Software implant for a JTAG bus device named FLUXBABBITT which is added to Dell PowerEdge servers during interdiction. GODSURGE installs an implant upon system boot-up using the FLUXBABBITT JTAG interface to the Xeon series CPU. 500
NSA GINSU.jpg GINSU Technology that uses a PCI bus device in a computer, and can reinstall itself upon system boot-up. 0
NSA GOPHERSET.jpg GOPHERSET GSM software that uses a phone's SIM card's API (SIM Toolkit or STK) to control the phone through remotely sent commands. 0
NSA GOURMETTROUGH.jpg GOURMETTROUGH User-configurable persistence implant for certain Juniper Networks firewalls. 0
NSA HALLUXWATER.jpg HALLUXWATER Back door exploit for Huawei Eudemon firewalls. N/A
NSA HEADWATER.jpg HEADWATER Persistent backdoor technology that can install spyware using a quantum insert capable of infecting spyware at a packet level on Huawei routers. N/A
NSA HOWLERMONKEY.jpg HOWLERMONKEY A RF transceiver that makes it possible (in conjunction with digital processors and various implanting methods) to extract data from systems or allow them to be controlled remotely. 750
NSA IRATEMONK.jpg IRATEMONK Technology that can infiltrate the firmware of hard drives manufactured by Maxtor, Samsung, Seagate, and Western Digital. 0
NSA IRONCHEF.jpg IRONCHEF Technology that can "infect" networks by installing itself in a computer I/O BIOS. IRONCHEF includes also "Straitbizarre" and "Unitedrake" which have been linked to the spy software REGIN. 0
NSA JUNIORMINT.jpg JUNIORMINT Implant based on an ARM9 core and an FPGA. N/A
NSA JETPLOW.jpg JETPLOW Firmware that can be implanted to create a permanent backdoor in a Cisco PIX series and ASA firewalls. 0
NSA LOUDAUTO.jpg LOUDAUTO Audio-based RF retro-reflector listening device. 30
NSA MAESTRO-II.jpg MAESTRO-II Multi-chip module approximately the size of a dime that serves as the hardware core of several other products. The module contains a 66 MHz ARM7 processor, 4 MB of flash, 8 MB of RAM, and a FPGA with 500,000 gates. It replaces the previous generation modules which were based on the HC12 microcontroller. 3,000
NSA MONKEYCALENDAR.jpg MONKEYCALENDAR Software that transmits a mobile phone's location by hidden text message. 0
NSA NEBULA.jpg NEBULA Multi-protocol network-in-a-box system. 250,000
NSA NIGHTSTAND.jpg NIGHTSTAND Portable system that installs Microsoft Windows exploits from a distance of up to eight miles over a wireless connection. N/A
NSA NIGHTWATCH.jpg NIGHTWATCH Portable computer used to reconstruct and display video data from VAGRANT signals; used in conjunction with a radar source like the CTX4000 to illuminate the target in order to receive data from it. N/A
NSA PICASSO.jpg PICASSO Software that can collect mobile phone location data, call metadata, access the phone's microphone to eavesdrop on nearby conversations. 2,000
NSA PHOTOANGLO.jpg PHOTOANGLO A joint NSA/GCHQ project to develop a radar system to replace CTX4000. 40,000
NSA RAGEMASTER.jpg RAGEMASTER A concealed device that taps the video signal from a target's computer's VGA signal output so the NSA can see what is on a targeted desktop monitor. It is powered by a remote radar and responds by modulating the VGA red signal (which is also sent out most DVI ports) into the RF signal it re-radiates; this method of transmission is codenamed VAGRANT. RAGEMASTER is usually installed/concealed in the ferrite choke of the target cable. The original documents are dated 2008-07-24. Several receiver/demodulating devices are available, e.g. NIGHTWATCH. 30
NSA SCHOOLMONTANA.jpg SCHOOLMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based (FreeBSD-variant) J-series routers/firewalls. N/A
NSA SIERRAMONTANA.jpg SIERRAMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based M-series routers/firewalls. N/A
NSA STUCCOMONTANA.jpg STUCCOMONTANA Software that makes DNT implants persistent on JUNOS-based T-series routers/firewalls. N/A
NSA SOMBERKNAVE.jpg SOMBERKNAVE Software that can be implanted on a Windows XP system allowing it to be remotely controlled from NSA headquarters. 50,000
NSA SOUFFLETROUGH.jpg SOUFFLETROUGH BIOS injection software that can compromise Juniper Networks SSG300 and SSG500 series firewalls. 0
NSA SPARROW II.jpg SPARROW II A small computer intended to be used for WLAN collection, including from UAVs. Hardware: IBM Power PC 405GPR processor, 64 MB SDRAM, 16 MB of built-inflash, 4 mini PCI slots, CompactFlash slot, and 802.11 B/G hardware. Running Linux 2.4 and the BLINDDATE software suite. Unit price (2008): $6K. 6,000
NSA SURLYSPAWN.jpg SURLYSPAWN Keystroke monitor technology that can be used on remote computers that are not internet connected. 30
NSA SWAP.jpg SWAP Technology that can reflash the BIOS of multiprocessor systems that run FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, or Windows. 0
NSA TAWDRYYARD.jpg TAWDRYYARD Radio frequency retroreflector to provide location information. 30
NSA TOTECHASER.jpg TOTECHASER Windows CE implant for extracting call logs, contact lists and other information. N/A
NSA TOTEGHOSTLY.jpg TOTEGHOSTLY Software that can be implanted on a Windows mobile phone allowing full remote control. 0
NSA TRINITY.jpg TRINITY Multi-chip module using a 180 MHz ARM9 processor, 4 MB of flash, 96 MB of SDRAM, and a FPGA with 1 million gates. Smaller than a penny. 6,250
NSA TYPHON HX.jpg TYPHON HX Network-in-a-box for a GSM network with signaling and call control. N/A
NSA WATERWITCH.jpg WATERWITCH A portable "finishing tool" that allows the operator to find the precise location of a nearby mobile phone. N/A
NSA WISTFULTOLL.jpg WISTFULTOLL Plugin for collecting information from targets using Windows Management Instrumentation 0
Follow-up developments
Security expert Matt Suiche noted that the software exploits leaked by the Shadow Brokers could be seen as genuine because it matched with names from the ANT catalog. John Bumgarner has stated to IEEE Spectrum that US government suspicion of Huawei is based on its own ability to add backdoors as shown in the ANT catalog.
NSA Playset
The NSA Playset is an open-source project inspired by the NSA ANT catalog to create more accessible and easy to use tools for security researchers. Most of the surveillance tools can be recreated with off-the-shelf or open-source hardware and software. Thus far, the NSA Playset consists of fourteen items, for which the code and instructions can be found online on the project's homepage. After the initial leak, Michael Ossman, the founder of Great Scott Gadgets, gave a shout out to other security researchers to start working on the tools mentioned in the catalog and to recreate them. The name NSA Playset came originally from Dean Pierce, who is also a contributor (TWILIGHTVEGETABLE(GSM)) to the NSA Playset. Anyone is invited to join and contribute their own device. The requisites for an addition to the NSA Playset is a similar or already existing NSA ANT project, ease of use and a silly name (based on the original tool's name if possible). The silly name requisite is a rule that Michael Ossman himself came up with and an example is given on the project's website: "For example, if your project is similar to FOXACID, maybe you could call it COYOTEMETH." The ease of use part stems also from the NSA Playset's motto: "If a 10 year old can't do it, it doesn't count!"
Name Description
TWILIGHTVEGETABLE a boot image for GSM communication monitoring.
LEVITICUS a hand held GSM frequency analyzer disguised as a Motorola phone; named after GENESIS.
DRIZZLECHAIR a hard drive with all the needed tools to crack A5/1 including the rainbow tables.
PORCUPINEMASQUERADE a passive Wi-Fi reconnaissance drone.
KEYSWEEPER a keylogger in form of a USB wall charger, that wirelessly and passively sniffs, decrypts, logs and reports back (over GSM).
SLOTSCREAMER a PCI hardware implant, which can access memory and IO.
ADAPTERNOODLE a USB exploitation device.
CHUKWAGON uses a pin on a computer's VGA port to attack via the I²C bus accessing the computer's operating system.
TURNIPSCHOOL a hardware implant concealed in a USB cable which provides short range radio frequency communication capability to software running on the host computer.
BLINKERCOUGH a hardware implant that is embedded in a VGA cable which allows data exfiltration.
SAVIORBURST a hardware implant exploiting the JTAG interface for software application persistence; named after GODSURGE. FLUXBABBIT is replaced by SOLDERPEEK.
CACTUSTUTU Portable system that enables wireless installation of Microsoft Windows exploits; covers NIGHTSTAND.
TINYALAMO software that targets BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and allows keystroke surveillance (keylogger) and injection.
CONGAFLOCK Radio frequency retroreflector intended for experimentation. Intended use would be the implantation into a cable and data exfiltration based on radio reflectivity of the device.(FLAMENCOFLOCK (PS/2), TANGOFLOCK (USB), SALSAFLOCK (VGA) are retroreflectors with specific interfaces to test data exfiltration.)
See also
Cyberwarfare in the United States
Equation Group
MiniPanzer and MegaPanzer
Stuxnet
WARRIOR PRIDE
Explanatory notes
Whether ANT stands for Advanced Network Technology or Access Network Technology is not known.
The article from Der Spiegel notes that it is a "50-page document" and that "nearly 50 pages" are published. The gallery contains 49 pages. Der Spiegel also noted that the document is likely far from complete.
If the price is listed in bulk, a calculation is made to get the unit price
For two months
Including installation costs
When ordering 25 units, the price per item is US$1000
Up to 4,000
Varies from platform to platform
Data Network Technologies, a division of the Tailored Access Operations
100 units for 625,000 | 0.7114 |
open_qa | Why does the US Federal Reserve raise interest rates? | One of the primary roles of the US Federal Reserve is to control the supply of money within the economy. During times when the economy is doing incredibly well, a.k.a. running hot or facing inflation (rise of prices of goods and services), the Federal Reserve will need to reduce the supply of money by increasing the cost of borrowing.
The primary lever to increase the cost of borrowing is by increasing the Federal Funds rate (the rate for banks to borrow and lend their excess reserves to meet liquidity requirements). Increasing the Federal Funds rate results in more expensive borrowing costs, which can reduce demand among banks to borrow money. Less money is borrowed to help fund the economy resulting in a reduction in purchasing power and the money supply. This will slow down the pace of economic growth and help ease inflation. | 0.7114 |
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open_qa | In a website browser address bar, what does “www” stand for? | World Wide Web | 0.7114 |
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classification | Tell me whether these are names of basketball teams or baseball teams: Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Angels, Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Clippers, San Diego Padres, New York Yankees, Miami Heat, Boston Celtics | Los Angeles Lakers - NBA basketball team
Los Angeles Angels - MLB baseball team
Los Angeles Dodgers - MLB baseball team
Los Angeles Clippers - NBA basketball team
San Diego Padres - MLB baseball team
New York Yankees - MLB baseball team
Miami Heat - NBA basketball team
Boston Celtics - NBA basketball team | 0.7113 |
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brainstorming | Provide a bulleted list of the seven best Science Fiction television shows | - The Expanse
- Battlestar Galactica
- Star Trek
- The 100
- Fringe
- Westworld
- Lost | 0.7113 |
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brainstorming | What are some passwords I should not be using? | Passwords should be long (at least 16 characters), be difficult to guess, contain numbers and symbols and be easy to remember.
Some examples of bad passwords are:
- password
- jordan23
- 123456
- password1
- letmein | 0.7113 |
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general_qa | Why do people like to live in Minnesota? | Minnesota is a great place to live for a multitude of reasons. While the winter weather can be difficult, the overall high quality of life people from Minnesota have heavily outweighs this perceived negative. Minnesota’s education system is consistently rated of one of the best in the United States. Standardize test scores reflect this as well as a strong college/university ecosystem. Minnesota is home to a diverse set of companies and has a higher-than-normal number of F500 companies headquartered in Minnesota. The presence of a large, diverse set of companies has provided Minnesotans with one of the lowest employment rates in the USA. Minnesota is also highly rated when it comes to restaurants based on the number (on a per capita basis) of James Beard Award winners. The overall healthcare systems (including the famous Mayo Clinic) rank very high nationally. | 0.7113 |
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open_qa | what the most popular books written by Malcom Gladwell? | Malcolm Timothy Gladwell CM is an English-born Canadian journalist, author, and public speaker. He has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1996. He has published 7 books including: The Tipping Point, Blink, Outliers, What the Dog Saw, David and Goliath, Talking to Strangers and The Bomber Mafia. A few of them are NYT bestsellers. | 0.7113 |
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closed_qa | How important is pilot communication with a non-towered controlled airport? | Piloting into a non-towered airport in my experience can be more challenging than towered airports. What makes it challenging is that you are not speaking to anyone in charge of the airspace. You are broadcasting to an open communications channel and hope all the other pilots “play” by the rules. The first best practice is to have a basic understanding of the airport, how many runways, what direction do they run, direction of the traffic pattern and traffic pattern altitude etc.? Practice consistency as this will aid in your decision making process. As you approach the airport you must also check the weather via AWOS or ASOS to determine the wind direction, speed and altimeter setting. The next step is to tune into airport UNICOM to listen to other traffic in the area, note the departures and arrivals and also note other planes in the traffic pattern. The next step is to identify yourself via the airport UNICOM channel, provide your distance to the airport and your direction from the airport. Your approach direction will most likely determine how and where you will join the traffic pattern. Most importantly, keep listening to the airport UNICOM and actively look for any other planes either in the traffic pattern or in the vicinity. There are a minimum of 4 traffic pattern legs - crosswind, downwind, base and final. Your job as a pilot is to communicate as you enter each pattern leg. It is also beneficial to communicate your intentions whether you are executing a full stop landing or a touch-n-go. If you are doing a full-stop landing be sure to communicate when you are clear of the given runway. | An airfield traffic pattern is a standard path followed by aircraft when taking off or landing while maintaining visual contact with the airfield.
At an airport, the pattern (or circuit) is a standard path for coordinating air traffic. It differs from "straight-in approaches" and "direct climb-outs" in that aircraft using a traffic pattern remain close to the airport. Patterns are usually employed at small general aviation (GA) airfields and military airbases. Many large controlled airports avoid the system unless there is GA activity as well as commercial flights. However, some kind of a pattern may be used at airports in some cases such as when an aircraft is required to go around, but this kind of pattern at controlled airports may be very different in form, shape, and purpose to the standard traffic pattern as used at GA airports.
The use of a pattern at airfields is for aviation safety. By using a consistent flight pattern, pilots will know from where to expect other air traffic and be able to see and avoid it. Pilots flying under visual flight rules (VFR) may not be separated by air traffic control, so this consistent predictable pattern is a vital way to keep things orderly. At tower-controlled airports, air traffic control (ATC) may provide traffic advisories for VFR flights on a work-load permitting basis. | 0.7112 |
brainstorming | Give me a bulleted list of the 7 most recent UPenn Presidents | * M. Elizabeth Magill (2022 - present)
* Wendell Pritchett (2022 - 2022) (interim)
* Amy Gutmann (2004 - 2022)
* Judith Rodin (1994 - 2004)
* Claire Muriel Mintzer Fagin (1993 - 1994) (interim)
* Francis Sheldon Hackney (1981 - 1993)
* Martin Meyerson (1970 - 1981) | 0.7112 |
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classification | Identify which of these animals live in water and which live on land: elephants, wolves, sharks, dolphins, cows, raccoons, pigs. | From the list provided, only sharks and dolphins live in water. The rest live on land: elephants, wolves, cows, raccoons, pigs. | 0.7112 |
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brainstorming | What's the first 3 things you do when you wake up in the morning ? | Acknowledge that I am about to wake up
Refuse to wake up
Accept that time cannot be stopped and wake up | 0.7112 |
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general_qa | Why do humans like to drink water? | Drinking water satisfies thirst. Humans need to consume water to stay hydrated. If someone exercises, they may need to consume more water than the average person. In general, someone should aim to drink at least 8 glasses of water per day. This amount, plus any water consumed via fruits and vegetables should be enough to sustain a healthy lifestyle. | 0.7112 |
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general_qa | What do people usually do at a birthday party? | It is traditional for people to celebrate their birthdays with a party by inviting friends and family. You usually see a birthday cake with candles. People like to sing the "happy birthday" song together. Often there can be games come along designed by the host. For example, some people may prepare trivia questions related to their personal hobbies for attendees to answer. Balloons, flowers, banners are common decorations at a birthday party. | 0.7112 |
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general_qa | Why does moon change its shape? | Moon does not change its shape, but we see only part of the moon which makes us think that moon changes its shape. Moon does not have light of its own. It reflects light from the sun. We only see the part that reflects light. Moon goes through phases for about 30 days where its shape changes and the cycle repeats. The different phases of the moon are New Moon, Waxing Crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent and then new moon again . New moon is when no moon is seen in the sky. Slowing we start seeing part of the moon. When we see crescent shape after new moon it is called waxing crescent. First quarter is when we see moon as a semi circle. We continue to see more part of the moon towards waxing gibbous and then eventually we see complete circle on Full Moon. After this, some part of the moon starts being hidden and unable to see. This result in waning gibbous. Soon we again see semi circle of the moon known as Third quarter. Parts of moon continue to get hidden and we see only a crescent shape known as waning crescent and back to New moon. | 0.7111 |
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classification | Which of these countries are in Europe, Asia or both?
Sweden
Russia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Turkey
India
Austria
Kyrgyzstan
Iran
Italy
Austria | Sweden: Europe
Russia: Both
Georgia: Both
Kazakhstan: Both
Turkey: Both
India: Asia
Austria: Europe
Kyrgyzstan: Asia
Iran: Asia
Italy: Europe
Austria: Europe | 0.7111 |
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