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information_extraction
|
Extract the names of the teams Alexandra Oquendo was a part of from the text. Separate them with a comma.
|
Puerto Rico women's national volleyball, Leonas de Ponce, Lancheras de Cataño, Polluelas de Aibonito
|
She was part of the Puerto Rico women's national volleyball team at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Italy. She participated at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.
Oquendo played for Leonas de Ponce in 2015 and Lancheras de Cataño for the 2016 Puerto Rican league season. When her club moved to Aibonito, she stayed with this club, then Polluelas de Aibonito.
| 0.6957 |
classification
|
Classify the following animals as mammal or not: whale, kangaroo, mouse, snake, fish, human, koala
|
whale - mammal
kangaroo - mammal
mouse - mammal
snake - not mammal
fish - not mammal
human - mammal
koala - mammal
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|
general_qa
|
What is the best way to get from London to Paris.
|
To travel from London to Paris you have several options. You can fly from one of London's airports (Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted or Luton) to Charles de Gaulle or Orly, you could drive crossing the channel from Dover to Calais by ferry or Eurotunnel. The best option is almost certainly to take the Eurostar train from London St Pancras International to Gare du Nord.
| 0.6957 |
|
closed_qa
|
Given this paragraph about cat's senses, what light level can domestic house cats see at in comparison to human sight?
|
Domestic cats are able to see at one-sixth the light level required for human vision.
|
Cats have excellent night vision and can see at only one-sixth the light level required for human vision.: 43 This is partly the result of cat eyes having a tapetum lucidum, which reflects any light that passes through the retina back into the eye, thereby increasing the eye's sensitivity to dim light. Large pupils are an adaptation to dim light. The domestic cat has slit pupils, which allow it to focus bright light without chromatic aberration. At low light, a cat's pupils expand to cover most of the exposed surface of its eyes. The domestic cat has rather poor color vision and only two types of cone cells, optimized for sensitivity to blue and yellowish green; its ability to distinguish between red and green is limited. A response to middle wavelengths from a system other than the rod cells might be due to a third type of cone. This appears to be an adaptation to low light levels rather than representing true trichromatic vision. Cats also have a nictitating membrane, allowing them to blink without hindering their vision.
| 0.6956 |
closed_qa
|
Given these paragraphs about Multiomics, what is a typical advantage of single-cell multiomics versus bulk analysis?
|
An advantage of single-cell multiomics in relation to bulk analysis is to mitigate confounding factors derived from cell to cell variation, allowing the uncovering of heterogeneous tissue architectures.
|
Multiomics, multi-omics, integrative omics, "panomics" or "pan-omics" is a biological analysis approach in which the data sets are multiple "omes", such as the genome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, and microbiome (i.e., a meta-genome and/or meta-transcriptome, depending upon how it is sequenced); in other words, the use of multiple omics technologies to study life in a concerted way. By combining these "omes", scientists can analyze complex biological big data to find novel associations between biological entities, pinpoint relevant biomarkers and build elaborate markers of disease and physiology. In doing so, multiomics integrates diverse omics data to find a coherently matching geno-pheno-envirotype relationship or association. The OmicTools service lists more than 99 softwares related to multiomic data analysis, as well as more than 99 databases on the topic.
Systems biology approaches are often based upon the use of panomic analysis data. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) defines panomics as referring to "the interaction of all biological functions within a cell and with other body functions, combining data collected by targeted tests ... and global assays (such as genome sequencing) with other patient-specific information."
Single-cell multiomics
A branch of the field of multiomics is the analysis of multilevel single-cell data, called single-cell multiomics. This approach gives us an unprecedent resolution to look at multilevel transitions in health and disease at the single cell level. An advantage in relation to bulk analysis is to mitigate confounding factors derived from cell to cell variation, allowing the uncovering of heterogeneous tissue architectures.
Methods for parallel single-cell genomic and transcriptomic analysis can be based on simultaneous amplification or physical separation of RNA and genomic DNA. They allow insights that cannot be gathered solely from transcriptomic analysis, as RNA data do not contain non-coding genomic regions and information regarding copy-number variation, for example. An extension of this methodology is the integration of single-cell transcriptomes to single-cell methylomes, combining single-cell bisulfite sequencing to single cell RNA-Seq. Other techniques to query the epigenome, as single-cell ATAC-Seq and single-cell Hi-C also exist.
A different, but related, challenge is the integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data. One approach to perform such measurement is to physically separate single-cell lysates in two, processing half for RNA, and half for proteins. The protein content of lysates can be measured by proximity extension assays (PEA), for example, which use DNA-barcoded antibodies. A different approach uses a combination of heavy-metal RNA probes and protein antibodies to adapt mass cytometry for multiomic analysis.
Multiomics and machine learning
In parallel to the advances in highthroughput biology, machine learning applications to biomedical data analysis are flourishing. The integration of multi-omics data analysis and machine learning has led to the discovery of new biomarkers. For example, one of the methods of the mixOmics project implements a method based on sparse Partial Least Squares regression for selection of features (putative biomarkers).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiomics
| 0.6956 |
classification
|
Tell me if the following foods would be safe or unsafe for someone with a nut allergy to eat? Peanut butter, eggs, apples, pb&j, carrots, pad thai
|
Peanut butter: unsafe, eggs: safe, apples: safe, pb&j: unsafe, carrots: safe, pad thai: unsafe
| 0.6956 |
|
brainstorming
|
Give me a bulleted list of the top five most followed people on instagram.
|
1. @cristiano
2. @leomessi
3. @selenagomez
4. @kyliejenner
5. @therock
| 0.6956 |
|
creative_writing
|
What are the various ways by which one can stay active in the day to help fight obesity?
|
Here are the following ways by which one can stay physically fit and avoid weight again:
1. Get atleast 10000 steps a day. This can be done by walking up and down the stairs when the opportunity arises, going for a walk during the day and maybe even walking around the house.
2. Reduce consumption of processed foods like sugar, starch etc. Eating plenty of green vegetables and fruits has a lot of health benefits.
3. Find a workout type thay excites you like rhumba, or running. Going to the gym and doing some boring workout will not be sustainable in the long term
| 0.6956 |
|
classification
|
Classify each of the following as either a root vegetable or a fruit: cassava, ube, strawberry, carrot, potato, banana, blueberry, yam, lime
|
Root vegetable: cassava, ube, carrot, potato, yam
Fruit: strawberry, banana, blueberry, lime
| 0.6956 |
|
closed_qa
|
Given a reference text about the Northern Colorado Bears, tell me the different conferences their teams compete in.
|
The Northern Colorado Bears teams compete mostly in the Big Sky Conference. However, some teams compete in the Summit League, Western Athletic Conference, and the Big 12 Conference.
|
The Northern Colorado Bears are the athletic teams representing the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley, Colorado in intercollegiate athletics. The university sponsors seventeen teams including men and women's basketball, cross country, golf, tennis, and track and field; women's-only soccer, softball, swimming and diving, and volleyball; and men's-only baseball, football, and wrestling. The Bears compete in NCAA Division I, with the football team competing at the FCS level, and most teams are members of the Big Sky Conference. Three Northern Colorado teams have separate affiliations in sports that the Big Sky does not sponsor. The baseball team competes in the Summit League, the women's swimming and diving team is an affiliate member of the Western Athletic Conference, and the wrestling team is a member of the Big 12 Conference.
| 0.6956 |
open_qa
|
What is a tornado?
|
A tornado is a major storm that consists of rotating columns of air that touch the base of a thunderstorm and surface of the earth. They have speeds ranging from 86 - 200 miles per hour and destroy everything in their path. They can last for seconds or minutes at a time. States that have the most tornados are Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Alabama, and Mississippi. People that are in the path of a large tornado often say it sounds like an approaching freight train.
| 0.6956 |
|
open_qa
|
How many planets are there in the solar system?
|
There are 8 planets in the solar system.
| 0.6956 |
|
classification
|
Tell me whether these are TV shows or books: Modern Family, You, Don Quixote, A Tale of Two Cities, The Little Prince
|
Modern Family (TV Show), You (TV Show), Don Quixote (Book), A Tale of Two Cities (Book), The Little Prince (Book)
| 0.6956 |
|
classification
|
Tell me whether these people are authors or actors: Ernest Hemingway, Stephen King, George Orwell, Johnny Depp, George Clooney, Jonah Hill
|
Ernest Hemingway: Author
Stephen King: Author
George Orwell: Author
Johnny Depp: Actor
George Clooney: Actor
Jonah Hill: Actor
| 0.6955 |
|
classification
|
Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Namibia or Lithuania.
Klaipėda, Oshakati, Kaunas, Windhoek, Vilnius, Rundu
|
Namibia - Windhoek, Rundu, Oshakati
Lithuania - Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda
| 0.6955 |
|
classification
|
Which of the following wars took place in the twentieth century: World War II, American Revolution, French Revolution, Hundred Years War, and the Vietnam War?
|
World War II and the Vietnam war took place in the twentieth century.
| 0.6955 |
|
classification
|
Classify the following cricketers as batsman, bowlers, or all rounders.
David Warner, Trent Boult, Rohit Sharma, Virat Kohli, Rashid Khan, Quinton de Kock
|
David Warner, Rohit Sharma, Virat Kohli, and Quinton de Kock are batsmen. Trent Boult is a bowler. Rashid Khan is an all rounder.
| 0.6955 |
|
information_extraction
|
From the passage provided, extract the low end in Celsius of the optimal coffee extraction temperature range.
|
The low end of the optimal coffee extraction temperature range is 91 °C.
|
Coffee beans must be ground and brewed to create a beverage. The criteria for choosing a method include flavor and economy. Almost all methods of preparing coffee require that the beans be ground and then mixed with hot water long enough to allow the flavor to emerge but not so long as to draw out bitter compounds. The liquid can be consumed after the spent grounds are removed. Brewing considerations include the fineness of the grind, how the water is used to extract the flavor, the ratio of coffee grounds to water (the brew ratio), additional flavorings such as sugar, milk, and spices, and the technique to be used to separate spent grounds. Optimal coffee extraction occurs between 91 and 96 °C (196 and 205 °F). Ideal holding temperatures range from 85 to 88 °C (185 to 190 °F) to as high as 93 °C (199 °F) and the ideal serving temperature is 68 to 79 °C (154 to 174 °F).
| 0.6955 |
classification
|
Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: pound, stone, kilogram
|
pound and stone is imperial, kilogram is metric
| 0.6955 |
|
closed_qa
|
Based on this passage about Ted Kennedy, at the time of his death, who were the three longest-serving senators of all time?
|
Based on this passage, Robert Byrd, Strom Thurmond and Kennedy were the three longest-serving senators of all time.
|
When Kennedy died in August 2009, he was the second-most senior member of the Senate (after President pro tempore Robert Byrd of West Virginia) and the third longest-serving senator of all time, behind Byrd and Strom Thurmond of South Carolina. Later that same year, he was passed by Daniel Inouye of Hawaii. Kennedy therefore held the record as the longest-serving Democratic member of Congress to solely serve as a senator until October 2021, when he was surpassed by fellow Democrat Patrick Leahy of Vermont.
| 0.6955 |
open_qa
|
Tell me a fun fact about Boca Raton, Florida
|
Boca Raton was once home to a military airfield that was used during World War II to train pilots on a new military radio technology; the radar. Pilots were trained to fly in B-17 and B-29 bombers using the radars created by MIT which would eventually allow us to win the war. The Boca Raton Army Airfield was the only airborne radar training facility during the war. Military planes from across the United States would have to come to this base if they wanted the radar technology to be installed. The location of this base made it optimal to maintain secrecy as it was very rural and largely uninhabited still, providing access to thousands of acres of unused land. The base was also just a few short miles from the Atlantic Ocean, making it the perfect place to stealthily fly and practice using the radar technology. Other benefits to the location was the year round warm climate.
| 0.6955 |
|
open_qa
|
What is the main cause of lightning?
|
Lightning happens when the negative charges (electrons) in the bottom of the cloud are attracted to the positive charges (protons) in the ground.
| 0.6955 |
|
closed_qa
|
As of 2022, how many member states make up the European Union?
|
27
|
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are signatories to the founding treaties of the union and thereby share in the privileges and obligations of membership.
| 0.6955 |
closed_qa
|
Given the biography of Nemacolin, what years did George Washington use Nemacolin's Path?
|
George Washington was led by Christopher Gist along Nemacolin's Path in 1753 and 1754
|
The son of Checochinican (Chickoconecon), chief of the Fish Clan of the Turtle tribe, Nemacolin was born near the Brandywine Creek, probably close to the Swedish trading post at Fort Christina that later became Wilmington, Delaware. By a treaty with William Penn in 1726, various tribes either rented or gave up their land on both sides of Brandywine Creek. Nemacolin likely grew up near Shamokin, Pennsylvania, a village near the Susquehanna River to which the Delaware had retreated when faced with disease and colonization of their traditional lands by white settlers. His family grew to know trader Thomas Cresap, and moved south and west with the Cresap family, likely after a controversy between groups of settlers aligned with the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania known as Cresap's War.
Circa 1750, Cresap received instructions to improve the Native American path across the Appalachian Mountains through the Cumberland Narrows. He hired Nemacolin and his two sons, among others, to complete the task between Will's Creek (a trading post on a tributary of the Potomac River later the site of Fort Cumberland) and the mouth of Redstone Creek on the Monongahela River (a tributary of the Ohio River) which later became Redstone Old Fort and even later Brownsville, Pennsylvania. A side trail led to the residence of Christopher Gist. Gist led George Washington along Nemacolin's Path in 1753 and 1754. It was later improved to permit supply wagons for General Edward Braddock's army, and the General ultimately died on the route in 1755 after the disastrous Battle of the Monongahela near present day Pittsburgh. About 1759, as the war ended, Nemocolin reblazed the path to the residence of James Burd which became Fort Burd and later renamed Redstone Old Fort. Another branch went to Uniontown, Pennsylvania.
| 0.6955 |
summarization
|
What is the EU compensation regulation EU261 for cancelled flights?
|
The EU in 2004, passed regulation EU 261 to protect passengers against severe flight disruptions such as long delays, cancellations, missed connections and flight re-bookings. The exact compensation amount is dependent on the flight distance and delays of over 3 hours, cancellations, or being denied boarding due to overbooking. The regulation went into effect as of February 2005.
|
The Flight Compensation Regulation 2004 (EC) No 261/2004 is a regulation in EU law establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding, flight cancellations, or long delays of flights. It requires compensation of €250 to €600 depending on the flight distance for delays over of at least three hours, cancellations, or being denied boarding from overbooking. Delays shorter than three hours means no entitlement to any compensation of any kind even if the delay was classified as non-extraordinary. Airlines must provide refreshments and accommodation where appropriate. The Court of Justice of the European Union has interpreted passenger rights strictly, so that there are virtually no exceptions for airlines to evade their obligations for breach of contract. It repealed Regulation (EEC) No 295/91, and went into effect on 17 February 2005.
| 0.6955 |
classification
|
Classify the fruits based on their color.
raspberries, lemon, strawberries, cranberries, star fruit, banana, cherries, apples
|
Red - raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, cherries, apples
Yellow - lemon, banana, star fruit
| 0.6955 |
|
classification
|
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Spinosaurus, Common Bottlenose Dolphin
|
Common Bottlenose Dolphin is alive, Spinosaurus is extinct.
| 0.6954 |
|
classification
|
Classify the movies based on whether they belong to Fantasy or Mystery genre.
AVATAR, SHAZAM, MISSING, FREDDY
|
Mystery - MISSING, FREDDY
Fantasy - AVATAR, SHAZAM
| 0.6954 |
|
general_qa
|
Tell me about the American Civil War
|
The American Civil War was fought from 1861 - 1865 between the Union (North) and Confederate (South) armies. The Union was thought to have an easy path to victory since it enjoyed the advantages of a more modern industrial economy and greater numbers of fighting aged-men. However, the war dragged on for much longer, and at a higher cost than most initially imagined - carrying on 4 years and at a cost of about 600,000 dead. The Union won, and the United States was saved from a constitutional crisis as a result.
| 0.6954 |
|
classification
|
Healthy choice for kids or unhealthy: French Fries, Banana, Candy, Vegetables
|
Fruits like Banana and Vegetables are healthy choices for kids. They love fried food and sweets. These should be consumed moderately. French Fries and Candy are unhealthy choices.
| 0.6954 |
|
information_extraction
|
From the passage provided, extract the diameter of eukaryotic ribosomes.
|
Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter.
|
Prokaryotic ribosomes are around 20 nm (200 Å) in diameter and are composed of 65% rRNA and 35% ribosomal proteins. Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter with an rRNA-to-protein ratio that is close to 1. Crystallographic work has shown that there are no ribosomal proteins close to the reaction site for polypeptide synthesis. This suggests that the protein components of ribosomes do not directly participate in peptide bond formation catalysis, but rather that these proteins act as a scaffold that may enhance the ability of rRNA to synthesize protein (See: Ribozyme).
| 0.6954 |
creative_writing
|
Write a paragraph highlighting the rise of cyber crime, and the vulnerability of people who are unaware of the risks (or careless), and end the note with a single line on suggested steps.
|
We live in a digital age. Whilebmost humans have used the internet or a digitally connected application atleast once in their lifetime, many people are perennially online. This includes scenarios of office workers working from home, or students attending courses and seminars online. People often blindly trust technology blindly, and consequently all their passwords, credit card information, social security and other personally identifiable information is available on their computers and mobile devices. This provides new opportunities for hackers, and cyber crime has become a major menace to the digital economy, as more rogue operators realise it is an easy way to make money.
Apart from having robust laws, we need to educate all users to be aware of the risks and take adequate precautions including using a virtual private network, using tough-to-guess passwords, and more.
| 0.6954 |
|
closed_qa
|
Who was the first couple to win the Nobel prize?
|
Marie Curie and Pierre Curie are the first couple to win the Nobel prize.
|
Marie Salomea Skłodowska–Curie (/ˈkjʊəri/ KURE-ee, French pronunciation: [maʁi kyʁi], Polish pronunciation: [ˈmarja skwɔˈdɔfska kʲiˈri]; born Maria Salomea Skłodowska, Polish: [ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska]; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win a Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two scientific fields. Her husband, Pierre Curie, was a co-winner of her first Nobel Prize, making them the first-ever married couple to win the Nobel Prize and launching the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was, in 1906, the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris.
| 0.6954 |
classification
|
Choose the word which is different from the rest: Trunk, Tree, Fruit, Leaf, Flower
|
All others are parts of a tree.
| 0.6954 |
|
open_qa
|
Name some of the most popular rides at Disney World's Magic Kingdom theme park.
|
Magic Kingdom has a beautiful selection of rides and attractions. Some of the most popular rides include Space Mountain, Tron Lightcycle / Run, Seven Dwarfs Mine Train, The Haunted Mansion, Peter Pan's Flight, Pirates of the Caribbean, and It's a small world.
| 0.6954 |
|
closed_qa
|
Given this paragraph about the Republic of Finland becoming a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) what year did it start a formal relations with NATO?
|
Finland has started the formal relationship with NATO in 1994 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program. However it wasn't a NATO member up until April 4 2023 when it became an official member of NATO.
|
Finland has had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995.
| 0.6954 |
summarization
|
How is Robert Lugn's leadership characterized?
|
Major General Per Erick Robert Lugn leadership carried a laid back leadership style that ultimately created a good atmosphere, specially easing the workload of the staff members.
|
Lugn was promoted to lieutenant in 1950 and attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College in from 1955 to 1957 and conducted military studies in Germany, Belgium and The Netherlands in 1956. He became captain of the General Staff Corps in 1960 and was appointed section chief in the Organisation Department of the Army Staff. Lugn conducted military studies in Norway in 1961.
In 1965, Lugn served in the Swedish Battalion in Cyprus, part of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) and in 1966 he was promoted to major of the General Staff Corps. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the General Staff Corps in 1968 and served in Göta Life Guards (P 1) in 1970. In 1972, Lugn was promoted to colonel of the General Staff Corps and appointed section chief in the Army Staff. From 1975 to 1977, he served as acting regimental commander of Hälsinge Regiment (I 14) and Gävleborg Defence District (Gävleborgs försvarsområde, Fo 49) when he was promoted to senior colonel and was appointed Chief of Staff of the Western Military District. Lugn was promoted to major general and appointed Chief of the Army Staff and Chief of the General Staff Corps in 1979.
As Chief of the Army Staff, he led the difficult balancing work between quality and quantity in the conscript army within the given financial framework. His written instructions to the staff were marked by a good pen. They expressed his enduring interest in quality in the army's war organization. Lugn's interaction with the staff members was characterized by consideration pairing with great humor. His laid-back leadership style created a good atmosphere that eased employees' sometimes heavy workload. Lugn then served as Chief of Home Guard from 1 October 1983.
As Chief of Home Guard, Lugn made radical changes to the Home Guard. He got the servicemen to accept that they belonged to an army unit and introduced military training to all servicemen. It was revolutionary for the Home Guard, which until then admittedly received weapons training but very little unit training. Now the servicemen were trained in groups and also in working platoons and the training included all the elements that a soldier needs to be able to have. He also made sure that the platoons got heavier weapons such as machine guns and recoilless rifles. Lugn also took hold of the higher education of the commander and introduced a higher education of circuit Home Guard commanders, which led to competence as battalion commander. Lugn served as Chief of Home Guard until his retirement on 1 March 1988.
| 0.6954 |
classification
|
Which one of these is a music band, and which one is a Football team : Manchester United, Linkin Park ?
|
Linkin Park is a music band. Manchester United is a Football team.
| 0.6954 |
|
information_extraction
|
Extract the gold medals championships and the year won by Ebikewenimo Welson from the text. List them using bullets in the format {Champioship} - {Year} in a comma separated list.
|
African Wrestling Championships - 2014, Baraza Champion of Champions - 2021
|
Ebikewenimo Welson is a Nigerian freestyle wrestler. He is a four-time medalist at the Commonwealth Games and a two-time medalist at the African Games.
He won four medals at the Commonwealth Games: in 2010, he won the silver medal in the men's 55 kg event and he repeated this in 2014 with the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event. In 2018, he won one of the bronze medals in the men's 57 kg event. He won the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.
He represented Nigeria at the 2019 African Games held in Rabat, Morocco and he won the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event.
He won the gold medal in the men's 57 kg event at the 2014 African Wrestling Championships and the silver medal in that event at the 2016 African Wrestling Championships. At the 2018 African Wrestling Championships held in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, he also won the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event. He was unable to compete at the 2019 African Wrestling Championships due to injury.
In 2021, he won a gold medal at the Baraza Champion of Champions wrestling tournament held in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A few months later, he competed at the 2021 African & Oceania Wrestling Olympic Qualification Tournament hoping to qualify for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
He won the silver medal in his event at the 2022 African Wrestling Championships held in El Jadida, Morocco. He won the silver medal in the men's 57 kg event at the 2022 Commonwealth Games held in Birmingham, England.
| 0.6954 |
brainstorming
|
Creative ways to call in sick at work
|
Here are a few ways to call in sick at work:
- "Unfortunately, the salmon from last night did not sit well with me and I've been having severe stomach issues"
- "I've been experiencing flu like symptoms and would need to take the day off to check for any Covid related infections"
- "I need to visit the doctor urgently for a medical issue"
- "I have a bad migraine and will not be able to join in any meetings today, I will still be available on email and chat, if needed"
| 0.6954 |
|
information_extraction
|
Provide an example of using modern materials science to study archaeological artifacts
|
Archaeometry employs modern technology (such as x-ray fluorescence) to study the origins and environments of historical artifacts. Ursula Franklin was well known in this field; she found evidence of global trade in the remains of glass beads and proved that black mirrors present in large quantities in ancient Chinese tombs were purposely crafted, and not the result of corrosion.
|
Ursula Martius Franklin was a German-Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author, and educator who taught at the University of Toronto for more than 40 years. Franklin was a pioneer in the field of archaeometry, which applies modern materials analysis to archaeology. She worked for example, on the dating of prehistoric bronze, copper and ceramic artifacts. One small example of her work in this field regards what was a standing question on the nature of shiny black Chinese mirrors found in high quantities in ancient tombs. Franklin's use of microscopic etching, electron microprobe and x-ray fluorescence analyses produced evidence that what was thought by some to be a corrosive effect was in fact present in these ancient mirrors (and weapons) at their inception, in dark iron oxides intentionally added near the objects' surfaces. Franklin additionally pulled from historic and literary accounts of black mirrors in Chinese literature to support these findings. Franklin's expertise was also instrumental to dating glass; she guided a study on the remains of blue glass beads in North America remaining from early trade relationships between American Indian tribes and Europe
| 0.6954 |
open_qa
|
Name the nation that was hit badly by Typhoon Hagibis in the last 60 years?
|
Japan was hit badly by Typhoon Hagibis in the last 60 years
| 0.6954 |
|
brainstorming
|
Give me a list of five languages which I should make my kids learn.
|
Bengali, Hindi, English, Spanish, French
| 0.6954 |
|
summarization
|
Provide a summary of Nora Forster's career based on this passage.
|
Nora Foster helped numerous bands and musical artists develop their careers in Germany and London. She would house them, financially support them, and promote their upcoming concerts and album releases. Some notable artists she helped included The Clash, The Slits, and Jimi Hendrix. Her homes were well known as meeting places for "rock royalty."
|
Forster began her work as a music promoter in Munich. Her home there became a meeting place for "rock royalty". Some of the acts she worked with in Germany were Jimi Hendrix, Wishbone Ash and Yes. She found German society to be too restricting, and decided to move to London with her daughter in the latter half of the 1960s. Their first flat was located in a "cold, damp and dark" basement in West London, near the Chelsea football ground. Following that they moved to a small house off Gowrie Road in South London. During this time she came to be called a "Punk Mummy Warrior" who guided her daughter, Ari Up's musical pursuits and supported the development of her band, The Slits, when Ari was just fourteen or fifteen. Forster hosted numerous musician house guests, and among them was Neneh Cherry, the teenage step-daughter of Don Cherry. Cherry performed backing vocal with The Slits for a time.
During the 1960s and 70s, Forster was part of the bohemian scene in London. Starting in the late 1960s Forster's home in Shepherd's Bush became a crash pad, salon, and meeting place for rock musicians including Joe Strummer of The Clash, Jimi Hendrix, Jon Anderson of the band Yes, and many other bands. She helped to financially support the punk bands The Slits, the Sex Pistols and The Clash.
| 0.6954 |
general_qa
|
What is the best way to get from one place to another?
|
The term "best" is relative to your individual preferences and circumstances.
In general, how to get from one place to another depends on several key factors, such as the distance between these two places, available methods of transportations, and the amount of money that you are willing to spend. Additional factors to consider are whether you have a preferred method of transportation and how much time you are willing to spend on this trip. Cheaper transportation options may take a longer time.
The methods of transportation include airplanes, trains, ships or ferries, busses, and cars, but not all locations have all these transportation methods available.
Usually, if the two places are relatively close to each other, a bus or a train may be a good option. If public transportation between these two places is not well established, then a personal car may be a reasonable alternative.
In some circumstances, when the distance between the two place is very short, less than three miles or so, walking may be your best option. This, of course, depends on your ability and willingness to walk that distance.
If the two places are relatively far, usually more than a couple hundred miles, an airplane may be a good option to consider.
| 0.6954 |
|
classification
|
Which is an imperial or a metric measurement: mile, kilometre
|
mile is imperial, kilometre is metric
| 0.6954 |
|
classification
|
Which of the following are planets? Sun, Mars, Moon, Pluto, Jupiter, Neptune
|
The planets in that list are Mars, Jupiter and Neptune.
| 0.6953 |
|
information_extraction
|
Based on the passage provided, what are the only two elements in the periodic table that were names after a person who was alive at the time of naming?
|
Organesson and Seaborgium are the only two elements in the periodic table that were names after a person who was alive at the time of naming.
|
Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016. The name honors the nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian, who played a leading role in the discovery of the heaviest elements in the periodic table. It is one of only two elements named after a person who was alive at the time of naming, the other being seaborgium, and the only element whose eponym is alive as of 2023.
| 0.6953 |
classification
|
Classify the following fish as either inshore/nearshore or offshore fish species: Tarpon, Bonefish, redfish, snook, trout, bass, swordfish, dolphinfish, gag, red snapper, yellowfin tuna, blackfin tuna, grouper
|
Tarpon inshore, Bonefish inshore, redfish inshore, snook inshore, trout inshore, bass inshore, swordfish offshore, dolphinfish offshore, gag offshore, red snapper offshore, yellowfin tuna offshore, blackfin tuna offshore, grouper offshore
| 0.6953 |
|
closed_qa
|
Based on this paragraph about the Ming treasure voyages, who commanded the fleet?
|
Based on this text, Admiral Zheng He commanded the Ming treasure voyages.
|
The Ming treasure voyages were the seven maritime expeditions undertaken by Ming China's treasure fleet between 1405 and 1433. The Yongle Emperor ordered the construction of the treasure fleet in 1403. The grand project resulted in far-reaching ocean voyages to the coastal territories and islands in and around the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean, and beyond. Admiral Zheng He was commissioned to command the treasure fleet for the expeditions. Six of the voyages occurred during the Yongle reign (r. 1402–24), while the seventh voyage occurred during the Xuande reign (r. 1425–1435). The first three voyages reached up to Calicut on India's Malabar Coast, while the fourth voyage went as far as Hormuz in the Persian Gulf. In the last three voyages, the fleet traveled up to the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa.
| 0.6953 |
general_qa
|
Why do humans seek meaning in their lives?
|
Every human life is a blend of joy and suffering. For some, joy comes more often. But for many, suffering can come to dominate their lives, due to abuse, the loss of loved ones, difficult relationships, mental illnesses, or disability. By finding meaning in ones life, the hard times full of suffering can be tempered with hope: for a better life for your children, for a better world, or a better after-life. Without finding something to give your life meaning, you risk falling into nihilism, anger, and despair. And those feelings tend to set you on a self-reinforcing path, and drag others down with you. While people often start looking for meaning in their lives when they encounter suffering to explain that suffering, it is in embracing a purpose that you can find hope and reduce the suffering in the world.
| 0.6953 |
|
closed_qa
|
Given this paragraph about the Pearl Mill Village Historic District, tell me where it is located.
|
The Pearl Mill Village Historic District is in Durham, North Carolina.
|
Pearl Mill Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 26 contributing residential buildings built by owners of Pearl Cotton Mills. The mill village dwellings are either two-story duplex type built about 1905 or a one-story bungalow constructed about 1924.
| 0.6953 |
closed_qa
|
Given this reference test, what is the daily recommended amount of magnesium for women in the U.S.?
|
The daily recommended amount of magnesium for women in the U.S. is 310 mg for ages 19-30 and 320 mg for older.
|
In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women. In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for older; for women 310 mg for ages 19–30 and 320 mg for older.
| 0.6953 |
information_extraction
|
Extract the names of the teams Michael Schumacher was a part of from the text. Separate them with a comma.
|
Jordan, Benetton, Ferrari, Mercedes
|
Michael Schumacher ; born 3 January 1969) is a German former racing driver who competed in Formula One for Jordan, Benetton, Ferrari, and Mercedes. Schumacher has a joint-record seven World Drivers' Championship titles (tied with Lewis Hamilton) and, at the time of his retirement from the sport in 2012, he held the records for the most wins (91), pole positions (68), and podium finishes (155)—which have since been broken by Hamilton—while he maintains the record for the number of total fastest laps (77), among others.
| 0.6953 |
classification
|
Categorize the below names into fishes and insects.
salmon, ant, bee, rohu, pike, wasp, beetle, carp, butterfly, cod, moth
|
Insects - ant, bee, wasp, beetle, butterfly, moth
Fish - salmon, rohu, carp, pike, cod
| 0.6953 |
|
brainstorming
|
Provide me a list of some ways to get exercise that are fun
|
Here are a few of the ways you can exercise that are fun: dancing, playing frisbee, playing sports, playing with a pet or a child, skiing, or swimming in a lake.
| 0.6953 |
|
classification
|
Tell me whether each food item is high or low in protein: steak, chicken, egg, strawberry, watermelon, carrot
|
Steak: High in Protein
Chicken: High in Protein
Egg: High in Protein
Strawberry: Low in Protein
Watermelon: Low in Protein
Carrot: Low in Protein
| 0.6953 |
|
classification
|
Classify each of the following as a conductor or insulator: steel, copper, rubber, wood, cardboard, aluminum
|
Steel: Conductor
Copper: Conductor
Rubber: Insulator
Wood: Insulator
Cardboard: Insulator
Aluminum: Conductor
| 0.6952 |
|
classification
|
Identify which of the following are episode titles from "The X-Files": The Pine Bluff Variant, My Teacher is an Alien, Memento Mori, The Day the Earth Stood Still, Millennium, Arcadia, The Matrix
|
The Pine Bluff Variant, Memento Mori, Millennium, Arcadia
| 0.6952 |
|
general_qa
|
Which is the windiest continent on Earth?
|
Antarctica is the windiest continent on Earth. Cold air rushes downhill from the center of the continent toward the sea in all directions.
| 0.6952 |
|
classification
|
Tell me whether these are part of the judicial, executive, or legislative branch of government: Supreme Court, President, House, Senate
|
Supreme Court: Judicial
President: Executive
House: Legislative
Senate: Legislative
| 0.6952 |
|
general_qa
|
Give me a list of important things to take on an international trip
|
Here's a list of most important things you need on an international trip :
1. Passport and visa : All documents required to get into the destination and get back. Make sure all the documents are valid and are not going to expire within 6 months of your trip.
2. Money : Ensure that you have the appropriate amount of money you need. Check if the debit/credit cards are going to work seamlessly in your destination country. In some places, it is helpful to carry local currency while others might prefer transactions through mobile apps (Wepay, GPay, etc).
3. Medications : Ensure that you have enough supply of any prescribed medications. Even the generic medicines might be hard to find in some places.
4. Clothing : Pack the right kind of clothes, layers, and footwear depending on the destination weather and planned activities.
5. Internet and Phone connection : Plan to have international roaming enabled on your devices or buy local prepaid phone plans. When using your existing phone plan, validate that it supports the network in your destination country. In some countries, the free wifi access requires a local phone number.
5. Chargers and adapters : Different countries use different power outlets. Make sure to carry power adapters and chargers for all your devices. While traveling, it is useful to carry a portable charging bank.
6. Itinerary and reservation details : Carry physical and electronic copies of the travel plans and all reservation details.
7. Apps and guidebooks : Carry language apps and guidebooks to help you with common phrases and in getting around. Also familiarize yourself with the local customs.
| 0.6952 |
|
classification
|
Classify the following based on what kind of animals they are.
rodentia, chiroptera, lizards, primates, crocodiles, soricomorpha, turtles, snakes
|
Reptiles- lizards, crocodiles, turtles, snakes
Mammals- rodentia, chiroptera, soricomorpha, primates
| 0.6952 |
|
brainstorming
|
5 ways on prem is better than cloud
|
Will have absolute control
Will have no external factors
It support safety requirements, and have the tools to ensure first-class safety
Full control over the data since it is stored locally
System can be customised according to your business
| 0.6952 |
|
closed_qa
|
How many people visit the zoo in the US each year?
|
181 million people in the US visit the zoo annually each year.
|
A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes.
The term zoological garden refers to zoology, the study of animals. The term is derived from the Greek ζώον, zoon, 'animal', and the suffix -λογία, -logia, 'study of'. The abbreviation zoo was first used of the London Zoological Gardens, which was opened for scientific study in 1828 and to the public in 1847. In the United States alone, zoos are visited by over 181 million people annually.
| 0.6952 |
brainstorming
|
Can you think of some different cities on the American West coast?
|
Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego
| 0.6952 |
|
classification
|
For the list given, classify which items are considered vegan, vegitarian and non vegetarian: milk, tofu, curd, chicken, mutton, bacon, clam, tomato, potato, onion, egg, beef, pork, mango, apple, salmon, soy milk, paneer
|
Vegan : tofu, soy milk, tomato, potato, onion, mango, apple
Vegetarian: milk, curd, paneer, tofu, soy milk, tomato, potato, onion, mango, apple
Non vegetarian: chicken, mutton, bacon, clam,egg, beef, pork, salmon
| 0.6952 |
|
classification
|
Tell me which of these stores sells furnitures: Safeway, dollar tree, HEB, IKEA, home depot, walmart
|
IKEA and Walmart sells all kinds of furnitures, and home depot only sells outdoor furnitures
| 0.6952 |
|
information_extraction
|
Extract from the following passage, the periods of time does sunrise refer to.
|
Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point. Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn. The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen.
|
Although the Sun appears to "rise" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame; this apparent motion caused many cultures to have mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model, which prevailed until astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus formulated his heliocentric model in the 16th century.
Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point:
Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn.
The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen.
The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's latitude and longitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. The analemma can be used to make approximate predictions of the time of sunrise.
In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the earliest or latest sunrise time is caused by the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and the tilt of its axis, and is described by the analemma, which can be used to predict the dates.
Variations in atmospheric refraction can alter the time of sunrise by changing its apparent position. Near the poles, the time-of-day variation is exaggerated, since the Sun crosses the horizon at a very shallow angle and thus rises more slowly.
Accounting for atmospheric refraction and measuring from the leading edge slightly increases the average duration of day relative to night. The sunrise equation, however, which is used to derive the time of sunrise and sunset, uses the Sun's physical center for calculation, neglecting atmospheric refraction and the non-zero angle subtended by the solar disc.
| 0.6952 |
classification
|
Classify which cat breeds into long-haired and short-haired breeds: Siamese, Maine Coon, Norwegian Forest Cat, Russian Blue, British Shorthair, Persian, Ragdoll, Himalayan, Burman
|
Long-haired: Maine Coon, Norwegian Forest Cat, Persian, Ragdoll, Himalayan
Short-haired: Siamese, Burman, Russian Blue, British Shorthair
| 0.6952 |
|
classification
|
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Iguanodon, Irrawaddy Dolphin
|
Irrawaddy Dolphin is alive, Iguanodon is extinct.
| 0.6952 |
|
open_qa
|
List five titles by Jules Vernes.
|
Around the World in Eighty Days, From the Earth to the Moon, Martin Paz, Journey to the Centre of the Earth, A Drama in the Air
| 0.6951 |
|
closed_qa
|
Given a reference text about Tiger Woods, tell me when they were born, what their real first name is, and what profession his niece has.
|
Tiger Woods was borh on December 30, 1975. His real first name is "Eldrick". His niece, Cheyenne Woods, is a professional golfer.
|
Woods was born on December 30, 1975, in Cypress, California, to Earl and Kultida "Tida" Woods. He is their only child, though he has two half-brothers and a half-sister from his father's first marriage. Earl was a retired U.S. Army officer and Vietnam War veteran; he was born to African-American parents and was also said to have had European, Native American, and possibly Chinese ancestry. Kultida (née Punsawad) is originally from Thailand, where Earl met her when he was on a tour of duty there in 1968. She is of mixed Thai, Chinese, and Dutch ancestry. In 2002, ESPN claimed: "For the record, he is one-quarter Thai, one-quarter Chinese, one-quarter Caucasian, one-eighth African American and one-eighth Native American." Tiger has described his ethnic make-up as "Cablinasian" (a syllabic abbreviation he coined from Caucasian, Black, American Indian, and Asian).
Woods's first name, Eldrick, was chosen by his mother because it began with "E" (for Earl) and ended with "K" (for Kultida). His middle name Tont is a traditional Thai name. He was nicknamed Tiger in honor of his father's friend, South Vietnamese Colonel Vuong Dang Phong, who had also been known as Tiger.
Woods has a niece, Cheyenne Woods, who played for the Wake Forest University golf team and turned professional in 2012 when she made her pro debut in the LPGA Championship.[
| 0.6951 |
brainstorming
|
What are few things that could impact your EV range on long trips
|
1) Weather can be a big factor. For days that are extremely hot or cold you'll be running the AC or Heater respectively and that could be a big drain on the battery
2) And this could get unexpectedly get worse if you are stuck in a traffic jam since you are not able to gain much distance while draining battery to AC or Heather
3) Rain can also lead to faster battery drain where you'll need to run the defogger as well as windshield wipers.
4) Additional load. If you are planning on taking heavy load like camping equipment, bicycles it drains the battery faster.
| 0.6951 |
|
classification
|
classify the following spending items as either grocery, entertainment, food & drink, travel, bills: costco, netflix, uber, restaurant, rent, lyft
|
costco should be grocery, netflix should be entertainment, uber should be travel, restaurant should be food & drink, rent should be bills, lyft should be travel
| 0.6951 |
|
closed_qa
|
Given this reference text about Bougainville Island, what is its land area?
|
Its land area is 9,300 km2 (3,600 sq mi).
|
Bougainville Island (Tok Pisin: Bogenvil) is the main island of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, which is part of Papua New Guinea. It was previously the main landmass in the German Empire-associated North Solomons. Its land area is 9,300 km2 (3,600 sq mi). The population of the whole province, including nearby islets such as the Carterets, is approximately 300,000 (2019 census). The highest point is Mount Balbi, on the main island, at 2,715 m (8,907 ft). The much smaller Buka Island, c. 500 km2 (190 sq mi), lies to the north, across the 400–500 m (1,300–1,600 ft) wide Buka Strait. Even though the strait is narrow, there is no bridge across it, but there is a regular ferry service between the key settlements on either side. The main airport (or airstrip) in the north is in the town of Buka.
| 0.6951 |
brainstorming
|
What’s your favorite way to spend a day off?
|
My favorite way to spend a day off is to spend it with my family and friends. I love to take long walks with my dog, go for bike rides, and spend time outdoors with my family. I also love to read, write, and catch up on my favorite shows.
| 0.6951 |
|
classification
|
Which of the following are dog breeds? Magyar Vizsla, German Shepherd, Abyssinian, Doberman, Scottish Fold
|
Magyar Vizsla, German Shepherd and Doberman are dog breeds, Abyssinian and Scottish Fold are cat breeds
| 0.6951 |
|
creative_writing
|
Write a paragraph of a blog post describing the appeal of a weekend stay at Blue Ridge Parkway?
|
Blue Ridge Parkway is an incredible place to see the leaves change colors in Autumn. The magic happens during the month of October, usually towards late month depending on the altitude. The colors are so serene you would want to stay for longer than a weekend. For the best experience try driving some distance along the Blue Ridge Parkway, changing directions and elevations, instead of finding one spot to capture all. Plan your stay in Asheville, NC area which has great collection of hotels and restaurants and drive around the scenic roads to catch the colors.
| 0.6951 |
|
brainstorming
|
Give me a list of south Indian breakfast dishes I should try.
|
Some of the south Indian breakfast dishes you could try are:
* Dosa
* Idly
* Appam
* Puttu
* Vada
* Pongal
* Upma
* Idiyappam
* Uttappam
| 0.6951 |
|
classification
|
Which of these animals are domesticated: Dog, Cat, Serval, Monkey, Ferret, Goldfish, Lion, Bear, Sable
|
Domesticated: Dog, Cat, Serval, Ferret, Goldfish, Sable
| 0.6951 |
|
information_extraction
|
Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}
|
• 1927 - This is when the Carolina Biological Supply Company was founded.
• 1920s - During this time period science teachers had to collect most of the materials they used in their classes and laboratories, which took considerable time away from their primary responsibilities.
|
The Carolina Biological Supply Company was founded in 1927 by Dr. Thomas E. Powell Jr., a young geology and biology professor at Elon College (now Elon University). During the 1920s, science teachers had to collect most of the materials they used in their classes and laboratories, which took considerable time away from their primary responsibilities. Like other teachers, Dr. Powell spent much of his own time in the field gathering specimens for his classes. Because he usually got more than he needed, he sold the surplus to his colleagues. His efforts grew into Carolina Biological Supply Company, as Powell foresaw a need for his collecting abilities in the coming years.
| 0.6951 |
creative_writing
|
Write a brief passage detailing experiences of a family relocating internationally?
|
Relocating your base is a challenge, more so when you relocate across borders and that too with a family. Every aspect of relocation needs to be planned keeping in mind the needs of each family member. Below are some experiences based on different criteria and considerations:
1. City, area, zip: This is the primary decision that is made. It was also a function of the location that the underlying opportunity/job that triggers the relocation. In some cases, families might be returning. However, it is very important for one to research a city, area from multiple aspects before closing in or accepting the relocation. A right balance in terms of cons and pros can be ideal in selecting, since one may not find all requirements fulfilled in a particular location
2. Cost of living/Inflation adjustment: Next is to test your selected area, zip, city with what you are going to earn from your primary business or job. Would you be able to maintain, if not improve your current standard of living. More importantly, with a family it is critical that you are also able to save a monthly sum towards health, education, etc for the future.
3. Schooling: The education system across countries are very different. There are concepts of public, charter schools that exist in some locations, but they may be either not be par with quality you would expect or not exist at all. The education board options also make it complex, which requires one to make a choice based on their own preferences and ideology. The third factor is the variation in teaching methodology, example Montessori.
4. Healthcare: Identify primary health care providers soon, share medical records from the past and have the kids up to date on vaccination. There might be scenarios where one may have to re-vaccinate kids based on schooling requirement.
4. Surrounding ecosystem: Once the initial items are done, identify good places for leisure, fun and family time. Example, sports classes for kids, art classes, theatres, parks, beaches, weekend getaways, etc. These are the places that will give the time to bond after a long transition, plus also enjoy the new location.
| 0.6951 |
|
classification
|
Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Turkey, European goldfinch
|
Turkey is domesticated, European goldfinch is wild.
| 0.6951 |
|
open_qa
|
Who are the most famous English writers?
|
- William Shakespeare
- Charles Dickens
- Jane Austen
- George Orwell
- C. S. Lewis
| 0.6951 |
|
closed_qa
|
here is some information about Ross McLean, how many years was Ross president of the Leavue of help for sick and elderly?
|
2 years, between 1995 to 1997.
|
He was a member of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Board of Directors for five years from 1999. He was chair of the National Childcare Accreditation Council for four years from 1996 to 1999. He was president of the Association for the Blind of WA from 1995 to 1999. He was president of the League of Help for the Sick and Elderly of WA from 1995 to 1997. In December 2001 he resigned as chairman of the Fremantle Football Club in the wake of revelations that the club had exceeded the salary cap for the 2001 season. He was a member of the Board of the Western Australian Cricket Association from 2004 to 2012.
| 0.6951 |
open_qa
|
What is the history of the Masters Golf Tournament
|
The Masters was started by amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts. After his grand slam in 1930, Jones acquired the former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie. First played 89 years ago in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club.
The tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion, who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory, although it remains his personal property and is stored with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless they need to be re-fitted with a new jacket). The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an honorary tee shot on the morning of the first round to commence play. These have included Fred McLeod, Jock Hutchinson, Gene Sarazen, Sam Snead, Byron Nelson, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Gary Player, Lee Elder, and Tom Watson. Since 1960, a semi-social contest at the par-3 course has been played on Wednesday, the day before the first round.
Nicklaus has the most Masters wins, with six between 1963 and 1986. Tiger Woods won five between 1997 and 2019. Palmer won four between 1958 and 1964. Five have won three titles at Augusta: Jimmy Demaret, Sam Snead, Gary Player, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson. Player, from South Africa, was the first non-American player to win the tournament, in 1961; the second was Seve Ballesteros of Spain, the champion in 1980 and 1983.
The Augusta National course first opened 90 years ago in 1933 and has been modified many times by different architects. Among the changes: greens have been reshaped and, on occasion, entirely re-designed, bunkers have been added, water hazards have been extended, new tee boxes have been built, hundreds of trees have been planted, and several mounds have been installed.
| 0.6951 |
|
brainstorming
|
Give me a list of pros and cons of buying a bigger house
|
Buying a bigger house is a major life decision involving many factors. Pros include
- room for more people, especially helpful if you’re growing a family or you like to host
- room for gear such as exercise equipment or a spa
- bigger homes may include more land which can provide solitude and a larger area for various outdoor activities
Cons include
- bigger homes may be more expensive to purchase
- bigger homes may be more challenging to maintain and clean
| 0.695 |
|
closed_qa
|
How many cycling world championships has Peter Sagan won?
|
Sagan has won three consecutive cycling world championships
|
Sagan is considered one of cycling's greatest talents, having earned many prestigious victories, including three consecutive World Championships, one European Championship, two Paris–Nice stages, seven Tirreno–Adriatico stages, one in the Tour de Romandie, three and the overall classification in the Tour de Pologne, a record seventeen stages and the overall in the Tour of California, and another fifteen in the Tour de Suisse.
| 0.695 |
classification
|
Tell me whether these characters are from Harry Potter or Game of Thrones
|
Tyrion Lannister, Luna Lovegood, Sirius Black, Draco Malfoy, Jon Snow, Sansa Stark
| 0.695 |
|
information_extraction
|
Extract when were the universities of Palencia and Salamanca established
|
The University of Palencia was established between 1212 and 1263 and the University of Salamanca was established between 1218 and 1254.
|
The 13th century also witnessed the Crown of Aragon, centred in Spain's north east, expand its reach across islands in the Mediterranean, to Sicily and Naples. Around this time the universities of Palencia (1212/1263) and Salamanca (1218/1254) were established. The Black Death of 1348 and 1349 devastated Spain.
| 0.695 |
general_qa
|
What’s the official language in Brazil?
|
Portuguese is the official language in Brazil, the language has over 26 accents dependent on the state you are in.
| 0.695 |
|
closed_qa
|
Given this paragraph, show me how to calculate how many total patrons can be served by all of the Schauspielhaus theaters?
|
1430 total patrons can be served. There are 750 seats in Schauspielhaus Zürich, 400 in the Schiffbau/Halle, 200 in the Schiffbau/Box and 80 in the Schiffbau/Matchbox. This totals to 750 + 400 + 200 + 80 = 1430 seats. Each patron requires one seat
|
The Schauspielhaus Zürich (English: Zürich playhouse) is one of the most prominent and important[citation needed] theatres in the German-speaking world. It is also known as "Pfauenbühne" (Peacock Stage). The large theatre has 750 seats. The Schauspielhaus also operates three stages in the Schiffbau in the western part of Zürich, the Schiffbau/Halle (400 seats), the Schiffbau/Box (up to 200 seats) and the Schiffbau/Matchbox (80 seats).
| 0.695 |
closed_qa
|
Given these paragraphs about Large language models, what are some examples of emergent abilities?
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Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.
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A large language model (LLM) is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (typically billions of weights or more), trained on large quantities of unlabelled text using self-supervised learning. LLMs emerged around 2018 and perform well at a wide variety of tasks. This has shifted the focus of natural language processing research away from the previous paradigm of training specialized supervised models for specific tasks.
Properties
Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.
Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to "memorize" a great quantity of facts during training.
Hallucinations
Main article: Hallucination (artificial intelligence)
In artificial intelligence in general, and in large language models in particular, a "hallucination" is a confident response that does not seem to be justified by the model's training data.
Emergent abilities
On a number of natural language benchmarks involving tasks such as question answering, models perform no better than random chance until they reach a certain scale (in this case, measured by training computation), at which point their performance sharply increases. These are examples of emergent abilities.
Unpredictable abilities that have been observed in large language models but that were not present in simpler models (and that were not explicitly designed into the model) are usually called "emergent abilities". Researchers note that such abilities "cannot be predicted simply by extrapolating the performance of smaller models". These abilities are discovered rather than programmed-in or designed, in some cases only after the LLM has been publicly deployed. Hundreds of emergent abilities have been described. Examples include multi-step arithmetic, taking college-level exams, identifying the intended meaning of a word, chain-of-thought prompting, decoding the International Phonetic Alphabet, unscrambling a word’s letters, identifying offensive content in paragraphs of Hinglish (a combination of Hindi and English), and generating a similar English equivalent of Kiswahili proverbs.
Architecture and training
Large language models have most commonly used the transformer architecture, which, since 2018, has become the standard deep learning technique for sequential data (previously, recurrent architectures such as the LSTM were most common). LLMs are trained in an unsupervised manner on unannotated text. A left-to-right transformer is trained to maximize the probability assigned to the next word in the training data, given the previous context. Alternatively, an LLM may use a bidirectional transformer (as in the example of BERT), which assigns a probability distribution over words given access to both preceding and following context. In addition to the task of predicting the next word or "filling in the blanks", LLMs may be trained on auxiliary tasks which test their understanding of the data distribution such as Next Sentence Prediction (NSP), in which pairs of sentences are presented and the model must predict whether they appear side-by-side in the training corpus.
The earliest LLMs were trained on corpora having on the order of billions of words. The first model in OpenAI's GPT series was trained in 2018 on BookCorpus, consisting of 985 million words. In the same year, BERT was trained on a combination of BookCorpus and English Wikipedia, totalling 3.3 billion words. In the years since then, training corpora for LLMs have increased by orders of magnitude, reaching up to hundreds of billions or trillions of tokens.
LLMs are computationally expensive to train. A 2020 study estimated the cost of training a 1.5 billion parameter model (1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the state of the art at the time) at $1.6 million.
A 2020 analysis found that neural language models' capability (as measured by training loss) increased smoothly in a power law relationship with number of parameters, quantity of training data, and computation used for training. These relationships were tested over a wide range of values (up to seven orders of magnitude) and no attenuation of the relationship was observed at the highest end of the range (including for network sizes up to trillions of parameters).
Application to downstream tasks
Between 2018 and 2020, the standard method for harnessing an LLM for a specific natural language processing (NLP) task was to fine tune the model with additional task-specific training. It has subsequently been found that more powerful LLMs such as GPT-3 can solve tasks without additional training via "prompting" techniques, in which the problem to be solved is presented to the model as a text prompt, possibly with some textual examples of similar problems and their solutions.
Fine-tuning
Main article: Fine-tuning (machine learning)
Fine-tuning is the practice of modifying an existing pretrained language model by training it (in a supervised fashion) on a specific task (e.g. sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or part-of-speech tagging). It is a form of transfer learning. It generally involves the introduction of a new set of weights connecting the final layer of the language model to the output of the downstream task. The original weights of the language model may be "frozen", such that only the new layer of weights connecting them to the output are learned during training. Alternatively, the original weights may receive small updates (possibly with earlier layers frozen).
Prompting
See also: Prompt engineering and Few-shot learning (natural language processing)
In the prompting paradigm, popularized by GPT-3, the problem to be solved is formulated via a text prompt, which the model must solve by providing a completion (via inference). In "few-shot prompting", the prompt includes a small number of examples of similar (problem, solution) pairs. For example, a sentiment analysis task of labelling the sentiment of a movie review could be prompted as follows:
Review: This movie stinks.
Sentiment: negative
Review: This movie is fantastic!
Sentiment:
If the model outputs "positive", then it has correctly solved the task. In zero-shot prompting, no solve examples are provided. An example of a zero-shot prompt for the same sentiment analysis task would be "The sentiment associated with the movie review 'This movie is fantastic!' is".
Few-shot performance of LLMs has been shown to achieve competitive results on NLP tasks, sometimes surpassing prior state-of-the-art fine-tuning approaches. Examples of such NLP tasks are translation, question answering, cloze tasks, unscrambling words, and using a novel word in a sentence. The creation and optimisation of such prompts is called prompt engineering.
Instruction tuning
Instruction tuning is a form of fine-tuning designed to facilitate more natural and accurate zero-shot prompting interactions. Given a text input, a pretrained language model will generate a completion which matches the distribution of text on which it was trained. A naive language model given the prompt "Write an essay about the main themes of Hamlet." might provide a completion such as "A late penalty of 10% per day will be applied to submissions received after March 17." In instruction tuning, the language model is trained on many examples of tasks formulated as natural language instructions, along with appropriate responses. Various techniques for instruction tuning have been applied in practice. OpenAI's InstructGPT protocol involves supervised fine-tuning on a dataset of human-generated (prompt, response) pairs, followed by reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), in which a reward function was learned based on a dataset of human preferences. Another technique, "self-instruct", fine-tunes the language model on a training set of examples which are themselves generated by an LLM (bootstrapped from a small initial set of human-generated examples).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model
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general_qa
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Is cricket game popular in some parts of the world?
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Yes, cricket is a very popular game. It is the second most followed game after football in the world. Each team has a squad of 16 to 20 players and 11 can play a game. There are three different formats of game which are popular.
Test match is the longest format in which each team play 2 innings and have a limit of 90 overs per day with 5 day limit.
50 over games are also called one day matches with a limit of 50 overs per team in a game.
T20 or 20-20 is the short format and has lot of following. Takes about 4 hours per game.
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closed_qa
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Given this paragraph about the tour de france, has the race ever not ran
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The tour de france has ran since 1903, with the only noted cancellations happening for the two world wars
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The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper L'Auto and is currently run by the Amaury Sport Organisation. The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1903 except when it was stopped for the two World Wars. As the Tour gained prominence and popularity, the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe. Participation expanded from a primarily French field as more riders from all over the world began to participate in the race each year. The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite. It has become "the world's biggest annual sporting event."
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open_qa
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What is the Monty Hall problem?
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The Monty Hall problem is a probability brain teaser that many consider to be counterintuitive. The problem is stated as follows: Imagine you are a contestant on a game show and the host shows you 3 doors. Behind one of the doors is a car and behind the other two are goats. The prizes have been randomly assigned to the doors and you want to win the car. The host allows you to pick one of the doors as a first selection. Then, the host opens one of the remaining doors and reveals a goat is behind it. The host now allows you to decide if you want to switch from your selected door to the remaining unopened door. Should you switch, to maximize your probability of winning the car?
Most people believe switching does not improve your probability of winning the car. However switching does increase your probability of winning the car from 1/3 to 2/3. An intuitive way to understand this problem is by first considering the initial state. At your first selection the probability that you have selected the right door is 1/3 and the probability that the car remains behind one of the two unselected doors is 2/3. Then the host reveals more information. The host reveals that one of the unselected doors does not have the car behind it. The probability that the originally unselected doors must have the car behind one of them is still 2/3, but you now know one of them specifically which does not have the car. Therefore, the remaining unopened unselected door must have a probability of 2/3 to contain the car, and your originally selected door must have a probability of 1/3. When offered the chance, you should switch to maximize your chances of winning the car.
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open_qa
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How many States are there in the United States?
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50
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open_qa
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What is the legality of owning an alligator as a pet in the United States?
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26 states outright forbid owning an alligator as a pet. 12 states allow ownership with proper permitting. 11 states allow ownership with no need for a permit; of those 11 states, 5 do not have any permit requirements to own any exotic animal. While Wyoming prohibits certain game animals from being owned as pets, the state does not include nor exclude alligators in specific listings, so presumably, one can own a pet alligator unpermitted in Wyoming.
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open_qa
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What are the functions of the 3 branches of the United States government.
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The legislative branch creates laws, the executive branch enforces and administrates laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws.
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