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Jury selection is complete in the trial of Kareem Savage, a state prison inmate.
Jury selection is complete and opening statements are expected Tuesday morning for the trial of a state prison inmate accused of fatally beating another inmate in 2016.
Kareem Savage, 30, faces the possibility of a life sentence if he is convicted of first-degree murder in the death of 58-year-old Anthony R. Wilson. Both men were convicted murderers serving life in prison without parole at the time of the attack on Sept. 1, 2016, in the "D/A Unit" at the State Correctional Institution at Albion.
Savage is accused of kicking and stomping Wilson during a large altercation involving multiple inmates. Three other inmates pleaded guilty to felony counts of assault by prisoner on an attack on another inmate, Rosco Brown Jr., during the same confrontation. All three received an additional four to eight years in prison for their involvement.
Savage is serving life in prison for a 2008 murder and received additional prison time for third-degree murder in cases out of Philadelphia County, court records show. He is represented by Erie lawyer Bruce Sandmeyer, who is court-appointed.
Sandmeyer and Assistant District Attorney Jeremy Lightner completed jury selection on Monday. Opening statements in the case are scheduled for Tuesday before Erie County Judge John J. Mead. | 2019-04-24T22:36:12 | https://www.goerie.com/news/20190211/opening-statements-to-begin-in-albion-inmate-death-trial |
Light mango sorbet served with a quick raspberry sauce is the perfect ending to any meal.
For the sorbet: combine the sugar and water in a heavy-based saucepan. Bring to the boil, stirring, until the sugar has dissolved.
Reduce to a simmer and cook for 5 minutes without stirring. Remove from the heat, pour into a jug, and chill until cold, about 2-3 hours.
Once cold, combine the sugar syrup with the mango and lime juice in a food processor. Purée until smooth.
Pour the mixture into an ice cream machine and churn according to the manufacturer's instructions until set and semi-frozen, usually 15-30 minutes. Cover and freeze for at least 4 hours.
For the sauce: Combine the raspberries with the icing sugar and lemon juice in a food processor. Purée until smooth before passing through a fine sieve into a bowl. Cover and chill until needed.
To serve: Spoon the raspberry sauce into four serving glasses. Scoop the frozen sorbet on top and garnish with basil leaves before serving. | 2019-04-25T16:11:00 | https://www.finedininglovers.com/recipes/dessert/mango-sorbet-with-raspberry-sauce-and-basil/ |
Masvingo is doing great. I’ve really been appreciating the cooler weather lately. No thanksgiving for me 😦 I almost forgot that Thursday was thanksgiving. There’s nothing instant here (surprise, surprise), so when we aren’t eating at members homes we have to put a conservative effort in to dinner at home with what we have. I think my thanksgiving was a PB&J haha. This place needs to adopt a thanksgiving.
So I’ve dropped about 15 pounds since I left due to the lack of food and probably the morning jogs. I’m also fairly certain that the heat has to do with some of it. I’m really starting to enjoy sodza. I’m going to have to make some for you guys when I get back, not sure if you’ll like it, but it’s really grown on me. Everything here is chicken, chicken, chicken. I think I eat chicken everyday. I’ve also probably witnessed about 7 chicken slaughterings haha. This place is already looking like home to me. I think it would be weird if I went back.
can be frustrating sometimes, but you just have to look at them with a loving smile. I’m very comforted in knowing that I’m right where my heavenly father wants me to be. I’ve witnessed some of the other services given by other faiths, and although these people believe in Christ, they are yet to receive the fulness of the truth. I’m very pleased and very honored to share these truths with those who I teach.
My Book of Mormon studies are going well and I can tell you that the power that it has in missionary work is real. My testimony of it and Joseph Smith’s calling is stronger than it’s ever been and I just want to share it with everyone. I’ve also recently read the book “Our Heritage” and I’m very humbled with the early saints sacrifices and am so grateful for Joseph Smith’s sincerity and devotion to the building of the Kingdom of God.
The mission field is something else and I can’t wait to experience more of it. Thank you for your prayers, you don’t know how much that means to me. | 2019-04-23T12:50:04 | https://elderrobison.wordpress.com/2015/11/30/month-2/ |
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This entry was posted in 70-742 Exam Dumps, 70-742 Exam Questions, 70-742 PDF Dumps, 70-742 VCE Dumps, Microsoft Exam and tagged 70-742 Braindumps, 70-742 Dumps, 70-742 Dumps PDF, 70-742 Dumps VCE, 70-742 Exam Questions, 70-742 PDF Dumps, 70-742 VCE Dumps, Braindump2go 70-742 on September 19, 2018 by admin.
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2017 March New 70-742 Exam Dumps with PDF and VCE Free Shared Today!
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This entry was posted in 70-742 Dumps, 70-742 Exam Questions, 70-742 PDF Dumps, 70-742 VCE Dumps, Microsoft Exam and tagged 70-742 Braindump, 70-742 Dumps, 70-742 Exam Questions, 70-742 PDF, 70-742 Practice Exams, 70-742 Practice Tests, 70-742 Study Guide, 70-742 VCE, Braindump2go 70-742 on March 27, 2017 by admin. | 2019-04-24T04:30:08 | http://cert-collection.com/category/microsoft-exam/70-742-exam-questions |
A jectatura appears as a jaundiced cat's eye the size of a human head with a ribbon of pulsing purplish tissue the length of a body behind it. They are an arcane manifestation of the eye of evil sorcerous giants trapped beyond by magic. A jectatura seems to swim through the air. It will seek to control those around it. It may attack by a withering stare causing 1d4 damage and forces a save vs. paralysation or be cursed (-1 to AC and to hit) for 4 rounds. Undead take no damage and are not cursed. Once a round, the jectatura may use one of the following abilities as an 8th-level magic-user.
Jectatura communicate with each other by continuous two-way ESP within 90'. They have 60' infravision. Jectatura work through their servants to free the sorcerous giants from their extraplanar prison. They seek out those able to communicate with them via ESP or magic.
An exceedingly weird creature! Well done. | 2019-04-18T15:06:52 | http://satyrelite.blogspot.com/2012/02/jectatura.html |
Sagada is the 5th class municipality in the province of Mountain Province, It is located 275 km. north of Manila, in the middle of the Luzon islet, 140 km. from Baguio, and it is adjacent to Bontoc, the provincial capital. It can also be situated in a basin at the upper end of the Malitep tributary of the Chico River of about one and a half kilometers above sea level in the central Cordillera; enveloped between the main Cordillera Ranges and the Ilocos Range.
White water sports in the area are dominated by the Upper Chico River, the section of the Chico in Mt Province, and all commercial rafting in the Sagada area is done on the upper Chico. Other rivers are available for experienced kayakers. The Upper Chico is noticeably different from most commercially rafted rivers in the Philippines: because rafting in the area is done on the uppermost sections of the river, high in the mountains, the water tends to be constricted and technically demanding, bringing the sport to a new level of excitement! Six sections of the Upper Chico are accessible from Sagada or Bontoc; the river sections are located in the municipalities of Sabangan, Bontoc, and Sadanga. The white water season usually runs from late June to early January, with different sections being rafted in different water conditions.
The Sabangan run starts in Sabangan and ends in Dantay, the road junction going to Sagada. This is primarily kayak water, and in its season offers an exceptional level of paddling for experienced kayakers who want to avoid extreme exposure and focus on a safe but challenging scenic run. Class 2 to 3+ rapids are nearly continuous throughout the roughly 9km of this section. This area is only open to rafters in very high water.
The Dantay run starts in Dantay and ends in Bontoc, the capitol of Mt Province. This section is used for commercial rafting when high water makes the sections downstream from Bontoc a little too exciting; in these conditions it offers fun continuous class 3 boogie water with several standout rapids. At lower flows the section is popular with less experienced kayakers.
The Bontoc run begins in Bontoc and ends at the confluence of the Chico and Talubin rivers, downstream from barangay Tucucan. Below the shallow Bontoc gravel bars the Chico narrows abruptly into a constricted gorge with considerable gradient. This advanced section offers numerous class 4 rapids including Domay�s Drop, a 12 foot pourover that provides a jolt of excitement even to jaded international rafting veterans. Raftable only in high water, this technically demanding section demands light rafts and coordinated work from paddlers. Kayakers will need a bombproof roll and solid technical skills.
The Confluence run starts at the Chico/Talubin confluence and runs to the gravel quarry at Gawa. The Talubin brings in a substantial amount of water, allowing more consistent rafting than in the upstream sections, and this is the section most commonly run at medium to high flows. This half-day section starts right off with a long, involved class 4 technical rapid and follows on with a series of exciting drops and fantastic scenery. This run is often combined with an afternoon at the Mainit hot springs for a full day adventure.
The Gawa run is from the Gawa gravel quarry to barangay Anabel. This short but demanding section offers a number of technically demanding class 4 rapids, and rafters who want to raise the thrill level can join it with either the mellower Gawa or Anabel runs.
The Anabel run takes paddlers from barangay Anabel to a takeout just above the Kalinga border. This section of river flows in a deep canyon in a tightly channelled bed, making it raftable late in the season. The scenery is extraordinary and international guides have compared this section to Colorado�s Royal Gorge, one of the world�s most highly regarded raft trips. The Anabel run offers an ideal progression of rapids, from a convenient flat water warmup section to a mild class 2 section to a long stretch of exciting class 3 to 3+ water, with an eye-popping class 4 rapid at the end. | 2019-04-22T02:33:21 | https://www.raftingphilippines.com/index.php?page=home&task=sagada |
Cliffhangers in series romances…do or don’t?
For clarification, these are series that follow the same characters or group of characters for all of the books. Not standalone series where the love story is wrapped up at the end of each book. | 2019-04-25T16:21:41 | https://tashalharrison.com/2015/04/08/qotd/ |
The waterfall Beri clears the sadness from a visitor. When we connect deeper with the spirit of location, waterfall helps us for initiation of new beginnings. The waterfall is located in the area of many water sources and energy sources. In this rounded area every third water source is protecting an elementary being of water known as rusalka - in Slavic mythology this is a watery fairy.
We took a photo of the waterfall with a rainbow on it. Beri is 25 meters tall, and slightly above it is Mali Beri with a height of 15 meters. Beri is waterfall above creek named Godič, near Poljubinj and Tolmin. | 2019-04-18T23:24:37 | http://www.geomantija.si/geomancy/waterfall-beri.html |
A combination of a large assortment of rayon textures and colors create these one-of-a-kind pieces. Boucle, ric rack, slub, satin, 5/2, endless variety of yarns are wound into warps with added textural ribbons and supplemental warp yarns. The result is fantastic complexity and unique color combinations. | 2019-04-26T04:15:46 | http://www.hettyfriedmandesigns.com/product-1-1-1-1 |
As you all know, we have a super-cool Event Camp Vancouver App available for download, as well as a mobile website for those who don’t use iPhones, iPads or iPods.
Please find below some important login information, tips and contact for any trouble shooting.
The app itself does NOT have a forgot password function, hopefully you will remember your name!
How do we use "push notification" to send messages and announcements?
Push notification is available only for users who have iPhones, iPods or iPads and have already installed the iOS version on your device. You will have to install the app, run it for the first time, and say "yes" when your device asks if you want to allow push notifications from the event camp app. Only after doing all of the above can you get announcements!
It also not work with the mobile website. There is no push notification capability for those users.
Secondly – push is "best-effort" delivery! The message goes to Apple's server, and once it goes out we have no control over how long it takes. In some cases it's instant, in some cases it's 30 min, in some cases longer. If you need to get a message across with extreme urgency, supplement push with a verbal announcement or let one of the Camp Counselors know.
Still having troubles with the app?
We will be showing everyone how to use the technology on the first day of Camp, but after you will be able to access technical support through Quick Mobile. Please feel free to contact [email protected] to troubleshoot your issues.
Get Your Green On at Event Camp Vancouver!
Our individual choices matter because when we do good things it adds up to a whole bunch of better for everyone. Have fun and help us make Event Camp Vancouver better by playing our Get Your Green On Game!
Earn as many points as possible by performing different sustainable actions. The in-person and virtual attendee with the most individual points will each win prizes. The event goal is to reach 1000 acts of green across all attendees!
Any participant registered at Event Camp Vancouver can play. This includes in-person and virtual attendees. Participation is not required but encouraged to get the most out of your experience!
Download the Quickmobile event application from the Apple Store.
Sign in using your registration username and password.
Score points in three possible ways. You can view your score and total event acts of green by checking out the Leaderboard.
Complete a Challenge. Challenges will be released to registrants starting Friday, November 4. They can be found in the Agenda section of the application as they are unlocked. We will notify you via email at regular intervals when new Challenges are released. You can also enable notifications in the Settings section of your installed event application to receive Challenges on your smart phone or iPad the moment they are active. To receive points for a Challenge simply hit “Yes” on the survey for each item you have successfully completed. If you did not complete the Challenge do not select anything. Challenges may be completed once after they are released and can be viewed in the Agenda section of the app at any time. Some Challenges call on you to share sustainability information through social media. If you do be sure to use the #ecv11 event hashtag. Be aware the same challenge might be released more than once during the event, so watch for multiple chances to score again!
Spot and share a Random Act of Green. Event Camp organizers have made sustainable choices. Vancouver has a lot of green features as a city. For virtual attendees we’re sure you’ve got some good green things going on where you are, too. Look around you. What do you notice? Snap a photo of something sustainability-related and upload it to the event app Gallery. You’ll receive points for each Random Act of Green you add!
Enter check-in codes. During Event Camp we will be sharing check-in codes at certain times. These are strings of numbers and letters that you can enter into the Check-in option in the Game. If you see or receive one select the Check-in option and type the code into the Game. Score!
Although items are worth one point typically, organizers may assign bonus points for challenges that are particularly difficult or have a high positive impact. We also reserve the right to reward particularly cool Random Acts of Green a few extra points!
Scoring will be open at noon Pacific Time, Friday November 4, 2011. Scoring will close at 10:00am Pacific Time Sunday, November 6, 2011. Winners will be announced and prizes awarded during the sustainability session Sunday after 10:30am.
We anticipate many of you will be gunning for top individual spot while you contribute to the collective goal. In the event of a possible tie individual prizes will be awarded by a random draw from among top scorers for the in-person and virtual event.
Although Get Your Green On has competitive aspects, we all win by contributing to a collective goal of a more sustainable event through as many genuine acts of green as possible. Another win we will take away is the ability to analyse Game results to understand which actions are most popular and most impactful. So in addition to having fun, be aware your participation helps us better understand ‘green’ attendee behaviour patterns. We trust you to complete Challenges accurately so we can get good data we will share with Event Camp attendees to help us all design better events.
Get Your Green On is a collaborative project by Judy Kucharuk, Shawna McKinley and Quickmobile. | 2019-04-19T18:45:12 | https://www.eiseverywhere.com/ehome/ecv11/49651/ |
Do you have a great business idea, but no idea how to get started? Set up a time to talk to our Director, and you will be led through the process of starting your own business. We also serve as a resource/liason for potential NEW businesses to expand or relocate into our community.
Providing educational workshops, skills training, resume building, and more to residents to help create a culture of learning and constructive attitudes that will enable our community to better manage and deal with future challenges.
We partner with Santa Fe Trail BOCES and their efforts in youth engagement through our local schools, by providing individuals the opportunity to become involved in potential future career fields. We are also working to bridge the generational gap to encourage community involvement.
We are here to help find funding to promote Arts & Culture, Education, Children/Youth Services, Community Improvement, Economic Development, Health & Wellness, Housing, Philanthropy, Sports & Recreation, Technology, and more.
Providing accurate information online is crucial in this day-and-age. The BCDF can aid in website development and social media marketing for your business. These efforts will contribute to continued success of your business.
We partner with organizations throughout the region, as well as with state and federal agencies and organizations to retain, support, and promote the well-being and economic health of Bent County and our neighbors.
Entrepreneurship is vital to growing communities. Out of every 1000 people across the nation, 3 will become entrepreneurs every month- it's up to the remaining 997 to show support for those businesses- to help them thrive, and to help our communities prosper.
Agriculture is vital to Bent County. There is a growing shortage of young farmers getting started in agriculture, and there's a never ending demand for food... what will be done to make up the difference in that dilemma? | 2019-04-26T10:12:25 | https://bentcounty.org/services |
Keep your fleet FMVSS 111 compliant with Safe Fleet Truck & Trailer’s Flush Mount Backup Camera System.
While we all wish we could see what’s coming from behind us, Safe Fleet Truck & Trailers Wired Backup Camera Systems actually put “eyes in the back of your head”! SEE pedestrians, potential obstacles or other vehicles that are hiding in your blind spots on road. | 2019-04-22T16:13:09 | https://www.sftruckandtrailer.net/product_category/wired-backup-camera-systems/ |
Routes in Marpissa is a three-day experimental, cultural festival in Marpissa, Paros. The central idea of the festival is to create thematic routes in the traditional settlement of Marpissa, around which the activities of the three-day event are developed. It aims towards an experimental approach to activities, so everyone will have an active role in the events. The "Routes in Marpissa" initiative is the vision of a group of volunteers of different ages and backgrounds, who share a love for the region and a willingness to highlight the authentic character of the village and its inhabitants. The initiative aims to encourage teamwork and the action of residents and visitors to strengthen social relationships and develop the creativity of the participants. The organizing team comprises approximately 50 volunteers of different ages and backgrounds: architects, designers, educators, scholars, translators, musicians, artists, public relations managers, programmers. For further information and the program of the event, visit www.stimarpissa.gr! | 2019-04-26T07:05:04 | http://www.paros.gr/en/what-to-do/culture/events/82-routes-in-marpissa.html |
See why Kirkwood residents love their neighborhood at the 17th annual Kirkwood Spring Fling Festival & Tour of Homes!
Downtown Kirkwood | 8:30 a.m.
Start the weekend off with the Festival 5K, stroll through the artists market, and catch some live music! Kids can work up an appetite at the kids area before enjoying delicious food from local vendors or at the BBQ competition. Admission is free, and all ages are welcome!
On Saturday evenings throughout May and September of 2019, Decatur presents Concerts on the Square! The live music series is held every Saturday on the Old Courthouse Square in Downtown Decatur, beginning each evening at 7:00 p.m.
Unwind after a long week and bring your friends and family along to enjoy the beautiful evenings of late Summer and early Fall. Set against the scenic backdrop of the Community Square, the concert series is a great time to pack a picnic or purchase a delicious meal from a nearby restaurant while enjoying the live performances from a variety of artists each week.
The Decatur Lantern Parade invites you to light up the night! Kick off the Decatur Arts Month and celebrate summer by parading to the downtown square in Decatur alongside the Black Sheep Marching Ensemble.
Line up at Color Wheel Studio at 508 E. Howard Avenue after 8:00 p.m. to parade to the downtown square at 9:00 p.m.!
The 2019 Atlanta Film Festival (ATLFF) returns for its 43rd annual celebration! The 10-day event will feature over 200 films, an incredible Kickoff Party, Writers Summits, and more!
The annual Springtime tradition is one of only two dozen Academy Award-qualifying film festivals in the country. The 2019 festival has received over 8,000 film submissions from around the world. Audiences will gather to experience the most cutting edge films across independent, international, documentaries, animated, and short film genres!
One of the southeast’s premier distance events, the Publix Atlanta Marathon, Half Marathon & 5K return to celebrate the 13th running of the Atlanta tradition!
With a new name for 2019, the Publix Atlanta Marathon, Half Marathon & 5K will showcase why the city of Atlanta it one of the nation’s greatest running destinations!
Ring in Spring and celebrate Easter with Fernbank Museum at Little Critters Day!
Atlanta Streets Alive returns once more to take over the streets of Atlanta. Get ready to explore your community streets in a safer, healthier, more livable way!
Closed to motorized traffic, the Central route celebrates Atlanta’s Peachtree Street, from South Downtown through the city to Midtown.
Don’t miss out on the last Atlanta Streets Alive of 2019! The fun event celebrates Atlanta’s signature Peachtree street and a 3.1 stretch from Downtown to Midtown, which has been selected as one of the top five neighborhoods in the country by the American Planning Association. | 2019-04-22T00:40:46 | https://beckymorris.com/tag/decatur/ |
Joola Classic 5 ply pure wood blade. The spruce ply provide enough bounce, while Ayous ply provide super bottom power, fit for loop with fast attack play.
Thanks for a good product! And for fast delivery! | 2019-04-25T14:38:37 | https://www.tabletennishub.net/products/joola-danube-5-ply-wood |
He says he's issuing a "red alert" to the world after a pretty turbulent year.
United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres has a message for the world going into 2018: unity.
Last year, Guterres appealed for 2017 "to be a year for peace," but says it was basically the opposite. This year he's ramping up his message's urgency factor.
"On New Year's Day 2018, I am not issuing an appeal. I am issuing an alert — a red alert for our world," he said in a video message.
He expressed the need to "settle conflicts, overcome hatred and defend shared values," saying the world's future depends on its people working together.
2017 has been a turbulent year.
Guterres cited increased concern over nuclear weapons, climate change impacts, a rise of nationalism and xenophobia, and "horrific" human rights violations.
But, ending on a less bleak note, Guterres sent his well wishes, and he did so in a way symbolic of unified efforts.
"I wish you peace and health in 2018. Thank you. Shokran. Xie Xie. Merci. Spasiba. Gracias. Obrigado," Guterres said. | 2019-04-21T20:35:54 | https://www.newsy.com/stories/un-secretary-general-ant-nio-guterres-says-unity-in-2018/ |
I’m stressed. You’re stressed. Everyone is busy and stressed all the time, so mothers often feel they have no right to lay claim to being more stressed than anyone else. However if you factor in the lack of sleep that most mothers, definitely new mothers, contend with, not to mention the responsibility for their families they feel is theirs to shoulder alone, plus the constant roll call in their heads as to what is needed for the next activity from the moment they wake up, it is understandable that contemplation of the here and now is a far cry from their oft frantic state.
At the mindfulness eight week course I attended we discovered the constant thinking ahead and back was not conducive to living in the here and now one iota. We needed time, a minimum of twenty minutes a day, to sit and just be. ‘But when will I have time to sit and just be?’ wails our poor beleaguered mother, even though she knows that to function better she must take time for herself.
It’s not at all easy, which is why I developed our five week course for Mothers Uncovered to introduce some of the concepts of Mindfulness and to allow mothers those precious few minutes to focus inwards. The groups have to centre on the written aspects rather than long meditations, as participants usually have babies with them who demand their attention. Yet we always manage to fit in five minutes to meditate, or sit quietly holding babies, which seems to calm the babies just as much.
We realise that a lot of time is taken up with comparisons and judgements, of ourselves and others. Have I managed better as a mother today? Have I managed to do lots of other things? Mindfulness isn’t about trying to eliminate all the bad thoughts and feelings, but allowing what’s in your head to be there. The trouble for mothers is there is usually a judgement involved in their ruminations – ‘I don’t like what is happening’ or ‘Why can’t I manage to do that?’ They look around and see only other mothers who are coping much better, or so it seems. They feel they must be the most disorganised and it reflects badly on their parenting. If they were a truly good mother, so their exhausted brain goes, they would be able to do a hundred tasks every day on four hours broken sleep.
Mothers find themselves with greater levels of dependence in their lives; their baby’s dependence on them, their dependence on partners to support them, their own sudden lack of independence – too late they realise how joyous it was to just get up and go without a moment’s thought. Participants come to realise the impact their thoughts have on their feelings. This is especially true of motherhood when we are forever trying to keep up with changing circumstances and inevitably feel we’re failing. If you can be aware of the thoughts as they come to you, you can see they are just events in your mind, rather than hard facts.
Mothers often struggle with feeling hopeless – they will NEVER gain any autonomy back. The great deal of effort spent in trying to push away unwelcome experiences would be better spent accepting experiences as they happen, whether they are good or bad. The word ‘acceptance’ is problematic because it implies resignation to an undesirable state. However, acknowledging an experience or feeling doesn’t mean the same as wanting or liking it, it is just recognising it is there. If we try to resist by thinking, ‘I should be able to cope’ this reinforces negative thoughts about ourselves, rather than compassion. Instead of berating themselves when unwelcome thoughts crowd in, participants try and establish whether they are judging themselves, setting unachievable standards or expecting perfection?
It is paramount for mothers to take care of themselves in order to take care of others. Sometimes they can get overwhelmed by anxiety, stress and fear. Especially when they are always rushing from place to place and are constantly thinking about their child or children. When we are feeling overwhelmed, it can be helpful to tell ourselves that it will not stay that way. Life is uncertain, everything changes, there will be good times and bad times. We collectively make a list at the end of the session as to a small step they could take today to contribute to their wellbeing, plus a longer list of the things they need each day to be ‘as well as possible.’ When asked, ‘How does that suggestion make you feel? What is your attitude to yourself right now?’, it is gratifying to see them more at peace with themselves. | 2019-04-21T14:36:20 | http://www.mothersuncovered.com/blog/archives/10-2016 |
Immediate and long-term benefits of quitting smoking!
Tobacco use is one of the factors that may influence your pain and healing.
Here are some immediate and long-term benefits of quitting smoking!
20 Minutes After Quitting-Your heart rate drops.
12 Hours After Quitting- Carbon monoxide level in your blood drops to normal.
24 Hours After Quitting - Your risk of heart attack is decreased.
48 Hours After Quitting -Your nerve endings start to regenerate and your sense of smell and taste improve.
2 Weeks to 3 Months After Quitting- Your lung function begins to improve.
1 to 9 Months After Quitting-Your coughing and shortness of breath decrease.
1 Year After Quitting-Your added risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker’s.
5 Years After Quitting- Your stroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker’s 5-15 years after quitting.
10 Years After Quitting - Your lung cancer death rate is about half that of a smoker’s. Your risk of cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas decreases.
15 Years After Quitting- Your risk of coronary heart disease is back to that of a nonsmoker’s. | 2019-04-22T22:49:37 | https://www.raahacupuncture.com/blog/2014/11/immediate-and-long-term-benefits-of_7.html |
The Ad Society (TAS), has an established network of professionals and an extensive pool of resources to help you have a resume that conveys who your are and stand out in the pile. We leverage local and national connections for our members to ensure they find the dream job they are looking for.
The best way to learn and breathe advertising is by diving head-first into the culture that surrounds us. Chicago is home to numerous prominent tech, marketing, media, and advertising agencies. Dues paying members are given priority registration, and a reduced fee for all agency visits. Understanding company culture, structure, and the niche attributes of a company can’t be discovered from the outside. The opportunity to visit agencies of all sizes and connect with potential employers will help your decision for internships and post-graduation application.
Additionally we want to make sure you are career ready. Through our workshop we provide information workshop that allow members to get a better understanding of the industry. The biggest thing we always hear is that people learn more in an internship than four years in the classroom. The Ad Society family shares that information with our members. Workshop will give you the ad basics, mentorships, 1:1 feedback, resume and cover letter critiques and much more.
The Advertising Industry like many others industries is all about who you know. Whether looking for your job, an internship, or global connections The Ad Society is here to help. Our club’s network allows for you to get the recommendation that you need in order to stand out from other applicants. Our members only events ensures you are able to network with professionals both domestically and globally.
Internships, trade skills, inside knowledge, and prep for life after college is just the beginning for our members. With exclusive content for our members we allow for you to make the most out of your time with us. Members who pay dues have access to a variety of extra resources such as resume, and cover letter templates, advice, and planning help.
Dues paying member grants you access to our network of trade affiliate scholarships. Plus, our faculty advisers lead several of the global study abroad trips fro DePaul University. From Spain, France, Netherlands, Taipei, Tokyo, Argentina, and several other destinations you have the ability to get a global perspective of advertising, branding, and integrated marketing communication. | 2019-04-21T19:10:49 | https://theadsocietydepaul.com/benefits |
Bluffing is one of the best parts of poker. Is there a better feeling than when you beat someone with a better hand? Or how about when you know someone is bluffing and you call them on it. It’s a great part of a great game and knowing how to do both will take you a long way.
However, what happens when you move to online poker rooms? How do you bluff someone who can’t see you or know when a person you can’t see is bluffing you? There are definitely ways to do it and it will only improve you as an online player and an in-person player as well.
Much like poker games played in person, you must get to know your opponent’s habits. How they bet and how they wager will tell you a lot about their cards. If you have seen him make the same bet over and over, hand after hand, after he misses his draw, go ahead and call that bet with second-best pair. It’s a fact that online poker play is a little more wild than in-person.
People are a little more aggressive when playing online for one reason or another. Maybe it’s the anonymity. Whatever the reason, it makes it tougher to recognize a bluff on betting patterns alone. What you want to look for is someone making an abnormally large bet out of the blue. Basic strategy will tell you if you have a good hand, you want to keep you opponents in the hand, keep them raising so you can collect a larger pot.
A large bet out of nowhere suggests over-compensation and should be called. Online players are much more daring so don’t waste too much time studying them, simply note their bet sizes. Know your opponent, know how they bet, look for discrepancies, and call them on it.
Just like spotting a bluff, bluffing in online poker can be pretty tough and isn’t really recommended as a strategy. When you are facing only one or two players it can work but, as mentioned, online players are more aggressive and will call all the time.
This gets annoying if you are looking to build a pot or if you are trying to bluff. What you can do is a “half-bluff,” especially if you are in position. A “half-bluff” is simply a bet or raise with a hand that has a few built-in outs to improve what isn’t the greatest of hands initially. If you can play the handout, catch a card or two and your hand improves, great.
If not, your steady play will be enough to bait opponents into a fold. Being in position and playing steady is the best bluff there is online. While you should never out and out bluff with a garbage hand online, playing out a hand that could improve is the way to go.
Remember, you going to run into a lot of bluffing online. Most of the time, you won’t know if your opponent, in fact, has your hand beat. It may be best to ignore the betting and time patterns of your opponents and focus on their past hands.
When you want the chance to pick up an extra pot or two, try a half-bluff instead of a straight-up bluff. If you are trying to steal a pot online, you’ll need a few outs to have a chance. This can work twofold as if you hit and get a card that improves your hand, you’ll just look like you got really lucky.
And this appearance of simply being lucky will pay more dividends down the line. Your opponents will be more inclined to play with you and add to the pot when you have big time cards a few hands later.
When playing online the most important aspect of the game can be to simply acknowledge how the game is going. How is everyone betting? Is there a ton of bluffing? Who is raising the most? And when?
Many online poker players have a regular game with friends or regulars that they recognize and get accustomed too. As if that is the only way poker is ever played. This goes out the window online. Someone playing wildly different than you are used to does not necessarily make them a bad player.
Just different than what you are used to. If fact, they could be quite good, busy winning pots. Although we don’t recommend it, online players may be bluffing you. Over and over until it seems as if they haven’t a clue what they are doing.
The key for you is to acknowledge that something out of the ordinary is happening and you must adapt to win or simply walk away. Either way, you’re being honest about what is happening and are better for it. | 2019-04-22T14:44:50 | https://www.gamblingusa.com/tips-to-successfully-bluffing-in-online-poker/ |
The United States Coast Guard fired four warning shots at a Mexican fishing vessel last Friday as it tried to flee from the maritime law enforcement agency.
Federal prosecutors charged the vessel’s captain, Jose Luis Lauranchet, with knowingly disobeying an order by federal law enforcement officers by forcible resisting a boarding or other law enforcement actions, court records show.
Lauranchet, who made a first appearance in federal court Monday, is accused of fleeing from the USCG after it spotted the lancha he captained with lights out traveling south 27 miles offshore and 33 miles north of the international maritime boundary, according to the criminal complaint.
The USCG sent a small boat to intercept the vessel using sirens and lights to stop it, but Lauranchet continued piloting the lancha south, court records indicate.
During the pursuit, the USCG said in the complaint that it received permission to fire warning shots consisting of a shotgun-fired, flare-like projectile that produced a bright flash and loud bang, which resulted in Lauranchet stopping the boat, according to the complaint.
Court records show that USCG arrested Lauranchet and two crew members.
Lauranchet, who is from Playa Bagdad, Mexico, is being held without bond pending a probable cause and detention hearing on Thursday in front of U.S. Magistrate Judge Ignacio Torteya III. | 2019-04-23T22:52:47 | https://www.themonitor.com/2019/01/29/coast-guard-fires-warning-shots-lancha/ |
I bought this one, but on a whim and didn't check the gallery, silly me, a senior moment.
Can anyone help with who may have made it? The impression on the base is indistinct, but does not look like a Crown Lynn to me. | 2019-04-25T02:17:18 | http://www.newzealandpottery.net/t2129-can-t-find-this-in-the-gallery |
farREll, j., Socks and stockings, Batsford, London, UK, (1992).
hARvey, m., 2000 years of hand knitting, Knit. and Haberdashery Review, (Oct. 1968), 10-11. kiewe, h. e., The sacred history of knitting, (1967), Art Needlework Industries Oxford, UK. thirsk, j., The hand knitting industry, four centuries of machine knitting, Knit. Int., (1989), 9-13. THomas m. e., Mary Thomas's book of knitting, (1943), Hodder and Stoughton, London, UK, (reprint 1968).
Articles on textile history bracegirdle, r., William Lee and the stocking frame, Leicester Museums Information Sheet 18, (1979), Leicester, UK.
burnham, d. k., Coptic knitting, An ancient technique, Textile History, (Dec. 1972), 3,116-24. chapman, s. d.,The genesis of the British hosiery industry 1600-1750, Textile History, (Dec. 1972), 3,7-50. chapman, s. d., Enterprise and innovation in the British hosiery industry, Textile History, (Oct. 1974), 5, 14-37.
eAKNshaw, p., Lace machines and machine laces, Vols 1 and 2, (1994-5), Gorse Publications, Guilford, UK.
grass, m. n., Stockings for a queen, (1967), Heinemann, London, UK.
henson g., History of the framework knitters, (1970), David and Charles Reprints, Nottingham, UK. kErridge, e., Allied Trades textile manufacture in early modern England, (Chapter 10), (1985), Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester, UK. levey, s. m., Illustrations of the history of knitting, Textile History, (1968), 1,183-205. lewis, p., William Lee's stocking frame, Textile History, (1986), 17, (2), 129-49. pasold, e. w., In search of William Lee, Textile History, (1975), 6, 7-17. pasold, e. w., Ladybird, ladybird, (1977), Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester, UK. ponting, k. g., In search of William Lee, (1978), Textile History, 9,174-5, also Knit. Int., (Dec. 1983), 79-83. rowlands, a., Machine knitted outerwear for adults, (1850-1939), Knit. Int., (March 1985), 29-31. ruddington, Making the past come alive, Knit, Int., (Jan. 1982), 28-30. turnau, i. and ponting, k. g., Knitted masterpieces, Textile History, (1976), 7,7-23. turner, j, d., The origins and development of the weft knitting industry, Text. Inst. and Ind., (1966), 4, (9), 265-8.
varley, d. e., John Heathcoat (1783-1861), Founder of the machine lace industry, Textile History, (1968), 1, 2-45.
Old textbooks quilter, j. b., and chamberlain, j., Framework knitting and hosiery, Hos. Trade J., (1911-1914), 1, 2,3. smnn, w. e., Principles of Knitting, Methuen, (1949), 1, 2.
willkomm, c., Technology of framework knitting, translated from the German by W. T, Rowlett, (1885), Leicester Technical School, Leicester, UK, parts I, II. | 2019-04-23T18:35:44 | https://www.knittingmagic.biz/practical-guide/further-information-1.html |
Have you been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease? Are you really sorry for the diagnosis? Do you have the time and will to do something? Are you ready to prioritize this work for a while?
I have several clients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, which is stepping out of their medication because many of the symptoms are stress related. This part of the symptoms I can help you to remove.
For you who still are in doubt, please read the following material that I have found.
10 years ago you could do noting about Parkinson. Now it is accepted that healthy food and exercise can delay the development of the disease, so now most Parkinson people are doing maybe two hours of exercise a week. So a thinker as me start to wonder: If 2 hours of exercise can delay the symptoms, what would happen if they did 2 hours every day… or 5 hours a day?
Modern EFT and NLP coach-thinking states that with healthy food (1), exercises(2) AND mental developing(3) you can come even closer to what you want. Namely to be in control of your disease. If you do nothing you get worse and if you do improve in one or more of the tree you get better.
Let the following arguments and articles benefit yourself, just to take on the good beliefs will make you feel better and make actions that will benefit you.
What if the disease is not chronic? What if science just looks a wrong place?
How can I be sure something can be done? There are actually examples of people getting healed.
In Denmark there are not a lot of examples.
It was a man called Henrik, who became symptom free in a television show about alternative healing. We have a woman called Hanne who treated herself. And I found a woman that brought the doctor to a trial as she claimed that she was treated for Parkinson by a mistake, maybe she got better.
So why are there not more people getting better.
If you have got the diagnosis no one keep an overall record about how fast people are getting worse or if they are not getting worse.
If a person get healthy again, the doctor will simply say that they have got the diagnosis by a mistake. So no one can ever learn about these rare cases.
If you start taking medicine, they have some side effects. Sometimes it is the same as the Parkinson disease and sometimes it is new strange side effects like the one called dyskinesias.
Here is a link to a small video about Larry who gets medical cannabis and does not have symptoms 3 minutes after ingestion. The effect lasts for some hours.
Perhaps Parkinson’s is not as degenerative as previously thought. If it were, he could not get better just 5 minutes. I do not want you to use cannabis oil which in my eyes is just another way to hide your symptoms. I’d rather teach you how to get a new lifestyle where you get back to the inner peace. Because this is what the oil do to you. It gives you some hours were you are 100% relaxed.
Here’s an article that tells us that Parkinson’s disease can be diagnosed early in sleep behavior disorder (REM sleep disorder) (= nightmare activity in the brain) Here’s an article that tells us that PTSD is characterized by sleep behavior disorder (We fully accept that people with PTSD have nightmares.)Perhaps the two diseases are more in family with each other than we think now? Maybe Parkinson’s a kind of PTSD? Perhaps you have been injured when you were young, which caused you some kind of stress?
Perhaps the two diseases are similar to each other more than we think now, since the same device can treat two different diseases?
I think Parkinson’s disease is in line with depression and PTSD. If you open up for it to be an option, there are a lot of things you can do to get better.
There is not only ONE way to get better, because we are all different. Most importing for you is to get the hope and go into action. Here I can help you, learn you to heal from stress and set a direction in regard to you special problems and symptoms. | 2019-04-25T02:05:03 | http://abovezero.robyggeren.dk/2018/08/01/is-parkinsons-disease-incurable/ |
The ARCA Racing Series presented by Menards is the flagship division of the sanctioning body. Strategically positioned as a driver development series as well as a destination for professional stock car racers, this division has raced at more than two-hundred tracks in twenty-six states nationwide and Canada. The tour boasts an eighteen to twenty-two race schedule annually in up to 16 major U.S. markets, and is often aligned with NASCAR Sprint Cup, Nationwide and Truck series events. As many as 160 teams compete in this division each year and combined, carry and represent more than 400 sponsors. | 2019-04-22T00:31:06 | https://www.sunocoracefuels.com/sanctioning-body/arca-racing-series |
Believe it or not, I’m back in New York. No, really. Not that I would recommend a 72 hour flying visit to anyone else but it was fun. And I actually managed on the teeny tiny quantity of slap I took out there with me, which was probably a bonus when I woke up wearing all of it Sunday morning.
Seriously, I never, ever sleep without cleansing and moisturising. This was a big night. I will spare you the gory details. Cough.
And that’s an actual cough, I’m totally sick again for a change. Stupid recycled air on a plane full of sick people. Gah.
Anyway, just FYI, if you are going to destroy your health/skin with a 72 hour trip across the Atlantic (and the massive number of Moscow Mules I consumed and approximately three hours sleep I managed, have nothing to do with my current dry and deathly pallor) you MUST cleanse and moisturise and on return home, you MUST use Prescriptives Instant Gratification scrub (which means you need to buy it now before it’s discontinued in January!) and you MUST slap on a Dr Bragi mask. It is the only reason my face didn’t fall off this morning. | 2019-04-18T22:48:29 | https://lindseykelk.com/2009/12/14/wow/ |
A novel optical design for high resolution, large field of view (FOV) and multispectral remote sensing is presented. An f/7.3 Korsch and two f/17.9 Cook three-mirror optical systems are integrated by sharing the primary and secondary mirrors, bias of the FOV, decentering of the apertures and reasonable structure arrangement. The aperture stop of the Korsch system is located on the primary mirror, while those of the Cook systems are on the exit pupils. High resolution image with spectral coverage from visible to near-infrared (NIR) can be acquired through the Korsch system with a focal length of 14 m, while wide-field imaging is accomplished by the two Cook systems whose focal lengths are both 13.24 m. The full FOV is 4°×0.13°, a coverage width of 34.9 km at the altitude of 500 km can then be acquired by push-broom imaging. To facilitate controlling the stray light, the intermediate images and the real exit pupils are spatially available. After optimization, a near diffraction-limited performance and a compact optical package are achieved. The sharing of the on-axis primary and secondary mirrors reduces the cost of fabrication, test, and manufacture effectively. Besides, the two tertiary mirrors of the Cook systems possess the same parameters, further cutting down the cost.
Optical systems characterized by large apertures, long focal lengths and large fields of view (FOVs) are required by the application of high resolution, large spatial and spectral coverage space-to-earth observation. Compared with refractive optical systems, mirror systems are widely utilized in space-borne remote sensing, because of the absence of chromatic aberration, easiness of lightweight design , and the compact configuration.
Three-mirror systems are commonly adopted by remote sensors for the advantages of more freedoms in optimization, higher image quality and larger flat focal plane etc. over two-mirror systems. There are mainly three principal categories of three-mirror systems for various applications: the Wetherell type [2 , 3] [ Fig. 1(a) ], the Korsch type [4 , 5] ( Fig. 1(b) ) and the Cook type [ Fig. 1(c )]. With an axial pupil which is usually the secondary mirror and an off-axis FOV induced to eliminate the central obstruction, the Wetherell type has the virtues of large FOV, high optical performance, and it easily retains a telecentric final image. However, the absence of the intermediate image and the real exit pupil makes it difficult to control the stray light. Besides, the long distance between the primary and the secondary and the off-axis elements leads to a relatively bulky volume and complicates the manufacture and alignment. The Korsch type features flat field, an advantage of telephoto allowing the system to be folded in a compact envelope , an intermediate image where a field mask can be placed to help control the stray light and a real exit pupil. If necessary, a Lyot stop can be set on the exit pupil together with a heat shield, then effective baffling against stray heat is achievable [7 , 8] . Considered as the off-axis section of a large parent on-axis Korsch type which is illustrated in Fig. 1(c) , the Cook type inherits the features above. Furthermore, due to the off-axis pupil to remove the obstruction, higher-quality image and larger FOV can be achieved by the Cook type than the Korsch one with the same aperture, at the cost of a less-efficient package, a more complex manufacturing and a more demanding alignment. This is because the mirrors are off-axis and the aspheric departure on Cook type is several times higher than that on Korsch type.
Optics layouts of the three principal categories of three-mirror systems for various applications: (a) the Wetherell type; (b) the Korsch type; (c) the Cook system and its parent Korsch system.
In order to perform the detailed and general reconnaissance simultaneously and reduce the cost, we integrate two Cook type optical systems with large f-numbers into a small f-number Korsch type system to synthesize the advantages of the two types. Each system delivers a near diffraction-limited performance. The whole design consists of a concave primary mirror, a convex secondary mirror, three concave tertiary mirrors and is accommodated within a compact package by using four folding flat mirrors. The primary mirror and the secondary mirror are shared by the Korsch type and Cook type optical systems, which means the Cook systems image through the sub-apertures of these two mirrors of the Korsch system. Therefore, in the following text, we call them mutual mirrors.
Mathematical relationships between system parameters of remote sensing cameras can be expressed by Eqs. (1)~(3) .
where f is the focal length, H is the altitude, a is the pixel pitch, d is the ground sampled distance (GSD) for a nadir viewing geometry, r is the radius of Airy disk, λ is the primary wave length of the working band, D is the entrance pupil diameter, F /# is the f-number, L is the cover width on the earth.
As is plotted in Fig. 2 , the whole 4°×0.13° FOV includes three individual parts: the 1°×0.13° middle FOV, the 1.5° ×0.13° right FOV and the 1.5°×0.13° left FOV, imaging through the Korsch system, the Cook system I and the Cook system II respectively. The left and right FOVs are symmetric about the Y axis. The FOV points marked in Fig. 2 are listed in Table 1 . The design and optimization of the three individual systems are aiming at their own 0.13° wide FOVs. The technical specifications of the Korsch type and Cook type optical systems are listed in Table 2 . Accordingly, the whole coverage width d = 8.7 + 13.1 + 13.1 = 34.9 km. The GSD of the middle 8.7 km coverage is 0.25 m in 0.38 ~ 0.78 μm band, and 0.46 m in 1.2 ~ 1.7 μm band respectively. The GSD of both the lateral 13.1 km coverage is 0.5 m in 0.38 ~ 0.78 μm band. The visible and NIR detectors can be mounted in parallel on the focal plane of the Korsch system for push-broom imaging.
The FOV distribution of the three sub-systems and the FOV points for image quality evaluation.
The initial structure of the three-mirror optical system is attained by the mathematical derivation which has been presented in a variety of contexts [10 - 12] . Here, we focus on the optimization procedure of the integrated system.
The primary mirror is selected as the aperture stop of the Korsch system, while the aperture stops of the Cook systems are located at the exit pupils. According to Fig. 2 and Table 1 , off-axis FOV of 0.61° along the Y axis is induced into the on-axis Korsch system to avoid the second obstruction caused by the focal plane. The off-axis FOVs along the Y axis of the two off-axis Cook systems are both −0.45°. These biases of FOVs, together with the packaging constraints, prevent the components from vignetting the beam and keep the intermediate images and the real exit pupils of different systems available.
Where c is the curvature at the pole of the surface, h is the radial distance with respect to the Z axis, k is the conic coefficient, αi are the deformation coefficients. The Cartesian coordinates are shown in Fig. 3 .
Optical configurations: (a) the Korsch system, (b) the Cook system I, (c) the Cook system II.
The optical axis, namely the common axis of the primary and secondary mirrors are parallel to the Z axis. Since the primary mirror and secondary mirror are mutual, during optimization, special attention is needed to limit the apertures of these two mirrors in Cook systems inside the effective apertures of the corresponding mirrors in the Korsch system. The parameters of the primary mirrors in different systems must be kept the same as they are varying, and so is the secondary mirror.
Driven by the character of the FOV, the two Cook systems are almost symmetric about the Y-Z plane, except for the tilts of the folding flats which are set differently deliberately to spatially separate the exit pupils. In other words, the location and the orientation of the two tertiary mirrors of the Cook systems are symmetric about the Y-Z plane when the folding mirrors are removed. Therefore, only one Cook system needs to be optimized, and then the parameters of the other one are set according to the result. The tilts and decenters of the tertiary mirrors in the Cook system are set as variables to further balance the aberrations of the off-axis FOVs, except for the curvatures, conic constants, aspheric coefficients and spaces.
Other considerations should be taken into account to (1) control the distance between the primary and the secondary mirrors; (2) restrict the obstruction area of the secondary mirror; (3) make allowance for the mechanical structures such as the stops and baffles.
The optical configurations of the Korsch system, the Cook system I, the Cook system II are demonstrated in Fig. 3 (a) , (b) and (c) . And the whole system is illustrated in Fig. 4 (a) and (b) . Table 3 lists the parameters of the powered surface after optimization. Table 4 lists the locations of the optical components, namely the local surface coordinates with respect to the vertex point of the primary mirror. The reference point of every mirror is its own vertex point.
Optical configurations of the whole system: (a) two-dimensional diagram, (b) three-dimensional diagram.
Suppose the folding mirrors are removed and the position and the orientation of the tertiary mirrors are adjusted accordingly. Then, their decenters and tilts are listed in Table 5 . Obviously, tertiary mirror of the Korsch system is on the common axis of the primary and secondary, while the tertiary mirrors of the two Cook systems are not, but are symmetric about the Y-Z plane.
The ray footprints of the mutual primary mirror are presented in Fig. 5 . It’s obvious that the footprints of the two Cook systems are within the envelope of the Korsch system and the primary mirror is axisymmetric, which reduces the difficulty of fabrication and test significantly compared to the off-axis equivalent. Here, we ignore the influence of the obstruction which will be discussed in the next chapter.
Ray footprints of the mutual primary mirror.
It’s spatially adequate to install the field stops and the Lyot stops at the intermediate images and the real exit pupils respectively for stray radiation control. Together with the main baffle, the secondary mirror baffle, the primary central baffles and light shields, the stray light can be mitigated effectively. The folding flat 2 ( Fig. 3 (a) ) is located at the exit pupil of the Korsch system. There are enough room behind it for other subsystems to further improve the performance functionally if appropriate adjustments are made: (1) modify the folding flat 2 into a deformable mirror to compensate for the figure error of the primary and the system wavefront error [13 , 14] , (2) replace the flat mirror with a splitter and design a lens working in a different waveband to match the pupil and to widen the spectral range of the system. A compact package of f /5.0 ~ f /4.9 long and f /6.1 ~ f /5.8 high is achieved.
With almost the same size of a traditional Korsch system, the integrated system described above can accomplish high resolution and wide field (about 4 times of the traditional one) remote sensing simultaneously, only at the cost of two more tertiary mirrors. The parameters of the two tertiary mirrors in the Cook systems are identical to each other. Besides, the primary and secondary mirrors of the on-axis Korsch system are shared with the Cook systems. Therefore, compared to three individual three-mirror optical systems, the fabrication and test are simplified dramatically. And the symmetry of the on-axis optical elements makes the system less sensitive to misalignments.
Since the FOV is symmetric about the Y-Z plane, as illustrated in Fig. 2 and Table 1 , five and eight representative field points of the Korsch system and Cook system are selected respectively to evaluate the image quality.
When the pupil is obscured, the shape and size of the diffraction-limited point spread function (PSF) are influenced by the obscuration ratio. If the obstruction is centrally symmetric, the increase of the obscuration ratio leads to the reduction of the first maximum and the enhancement of the second maximum, thus decreases and reshapes the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) curves . Here, we ignore the effect of the secondary baffle, as is shown in Fig. 6 . the obstruction of the Korsch system caused by the spiders and the secondary mirror is not circular symmetry. The shape of PSF and the MTF in different directions will change correspondingly. The quality evaluation is performed taking into account the obstruction. The Cook systems are unobscured according to Fig. 4(a) .
Obstruction of the Korsch system.
The spot diagram of the Korsch system is shown in Fig. 7 . According to Eq. (2), the radiuses of Airy disks in visible (black circle) and NIR (red circle) spectrum ranges are 5.16 μm and 12.9 μm. Fig. 8 illustrates the spot diagram of the Cook system, and the radius of the Airy disk in visible band is 12.7 μm. The root mean square (rms) spot diameters all over the field are less than the Airy disks in different bands, and are within two pixels.
Spot diagram of the Korsch system.
Spot diagram of the Cook system.
The MTF curves for visible and NIR bands of Korsch system are shown in Fig. 9(a) and (b) . Figs. 10(a) and (b) are for the Cook system. Over the respective FOVs, the MTF values of the Korsch system are above 0.474 and 0.412 in visible and NIR bands, and the MTF of the Cook system is above 0.392 at the corresponding Nyquist frequencies (71.4 lp/mm, 38.5 lp/mm and 35.7 lp/mm).
MTF curves of the Korsch system: (a) the visible range, (b) the NIR band.
MTF curves of the Cook system: (a) the FOV points of C1~C4, (b) the FOV points of C5~C8.
We have presented the optical design which integrates an f/7.3 Korsch with two f/17.9 Cook systems. The system consists of a mutual concave primary mirror, a mutual convex secondary mirror, three concave tertiary mirrors and four flat mirrors which fold the optical path into a compact envelope. The optimization strategy, feasibility of manufacture and alignment are analyzed. At the altitude of 500 km, the GSD of 0.25 m in visible range (0.38 ~ 0.78 μm) and 0.46 m in NIR band (1.2 ~ 1.7 μm) over a FOV of 1×0.13° can be attained through the Korsch system with a focal length of 14 m, the GSD of 0.5 m in visible range over two lateral FOVs of 1.5×0.13° can be attained through the two Cook systems whose focal lengths are both 13.24 m. The whole strip FOV is 4×0.13°, which covers an area of 34.9 km×1.1 km on the earth. The intermediate images and the real exit pupils in the whole system are all available for stray light suppressing. Near diffraction-limited image quality is achieved all over the FOV and the spectrum ranges. The ability of high resolution, large field of view and multi-spectral imaging make it a promising candidate for a remote sensing optical system.
This work is funded by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 863-2-5-1-13B).
Z Chen , J Zhu , J Peng , X Zhang , and J Ren , “A Coaxial and Off-axial Integrated Three-mirror Optical System with High Resolution and Large Field of View”, Current Optics and Photonics, vol. 1, no. 1, Feb 2016. | 2019-04-19T18:19:14 | http://www.kpubs.org/article/articleMain.kpubs?articleANo=E1OSAB_2016_v20n1_94 |
Marvel Comics is set to introduce a brand new character in a story involving the Fantastic Four, Guardians of the Galaxy and the Silver Surfer. Writer Peter David and artist Francesco Manna will debut this new character in July's Fantastic Four: Prodigal Sun #1.
The story finds the mysterious Prodigal land in the Savage Land where he's treated like a god by the native barbarians. However, things take a turn for the worse when those barbarians make a move to take over the world, forcing Marvel's First Family to step in.
Fantastic Four: Prodigal Sun will be followed by two additional one-shots: Guardians of the Galaxy: Prodigal Sun and Silver Surfer: Prodigal Sun. At this time it's unknown whether Peter David and Francesco Manna will be the creative team for Guardians of the Galaxy: Prodigal Sun and Silver Surfer: Prodigal Sun, or if other creators will be brought on. Fantastic Four: Prodigal Sun #1 will have a cover by artist Mico Suayan.
This is the third announcement Marvel has made involving plans for the Fantastic Four in July. Along with a throwdown between The Thing and the Immortal Hulk, the publisher teased the return of the Future Foundation, and an Invisible Woman miniseries following Sue Storm's adventures as an Agent of SHIELD.
Written by Peter David and illustrated by Francesco Manna with a cover by Mico Suayan, Fantastic Four: Prodigal Sun #1 arrives in July from Marvel Comics. | 2019-04-24T10:04:45 | https://www.cbr.com/fantastic-four-prodigal-sun-new-marvel-character/ |
Secondly: You mentioned in your book "Khutoot Ra'eesiyyah Li Ba'ath al-Ummah al-Islaamiyyah" (Important Steps to Revive the Islamic Ummah) pp. 72-73 whose text is:" In a general sense, there is no place (role, space) in our Arabic and Islamic nations (states) for the Shari'ah except in relation to some of what is referred to as personal situations. But as for economic dealings, political laws and laws pertaining to states, then all of our (Arabic and Islamic) states, without exception, are submissive to the legislation of the West or the East. Likewise the laws pertaining to crimes pertaining to character and prescribed injunctions, they are imported, invented..."
This generalization is not correct, for Saudiyyah, by Allaah's praise, judges by the Shari'ah in relation to its subjects, it establishes the Shariah hudood (prescribed injunctions), and Shariah lawcourts are set up in all parts of the kingdom. It is not infallible, neither it and nor other states. It has reached me that the ruler of Brunei has ordered with judging to the Shariah in all matters and in all circumstances. Hence, it is obligatory to recant from this expression, and to announce this (openly) in the local newspapers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. And if you had expressed (elaborated) more then the subject would have been appropriate due it being the case overwhelmingly. We ask Allaah to grant guidance and success for us and you.
Note: You have to bear in mind when reading this that Abd al-Rahman Abd al-Khaliq was the same person who spread the category of Tawhid al-Haakimiyyah as an innovated fourth category of tawhid for which he was very harshly slapped down by the clarifications of the Scholars in which a person speaking with this was described as an ignoramus and an innovator (see here, here, here, here and here). Thus, what we see here in the speech of this Ikhwani innovator is in reality the Haakimiyyah of Sayyid Qutb on account which all governments and states (without exception) are declared disbelievers because they do not judge entirely by the Shariah, and then making the establishment of the rule, top down, to be the greatest goal of the da'wah. This is great deviation from the methodology of the Prophets in da'wah to Allaah and it is the way of Hassan al-Banna, Sayyid Qutb, Abu A'laa Mawdudi, Taqi al-Din al-Nabahani and others. For this reason, you will see in the various books written by Abd al-Rahman Abd al-Khaaliq which are the subject of criticism by Shaykh Ibn Baz and other books he wrote, expressions of the ideas and methodologies of those innovators. The primary target of these people are the Gulf states, and thus whether by revolution (peaceful or otherwise), demonstrations, rallies, open demands for justice and equality (the way of the Marxists, Socialists, Freemasons) party politics, entry into democracy, coups or in some cases, taking gradual, incremental control by infiltrating educational and other government institutions, they aim to seek power through whatever means is appropriate in whatever nation they are operating in and where the climate is suitable for that particular method. | 2019-04-21T14:44:08 | http://www.ikhwanis.com/articles/lkwovxw-imaam-abd-al-azeez-bin-bazs-refutation-of-abd-al-rahman-abd-al-khaliq-takfiri-qutbi-turathi-part-2.cfm |
I read this article and found it very interesting, thought it might be something for you. The article is called 10 Lessons I Learned While Getting Free From Relationship Addiction and is located at https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/10-lessons-i-learned-while-getting-free-from-relationship-addiction/.
You might be saying to yourself: relationship “addiction”? Isn’t that like water addiction?
And yes. It’s true. Relationships are a basic human need, like water.
What’s also true, though, is the cliché—“you can’t love another until you love yourself.” I think I first heard this in a spaghetti sauce commercial in the nineties. Doesn’t make it any less real.
And loving myself is the real water. For me, “loving” another when I hadn’t done that work yet was more like booze. I was often in a clingy fog that prevented my connection with myself, my purpose in life, a god of my understanding, my friendships, and community.
But you know what? It’s not that black and white, either. People, in fact, aren’t substances. There was good and bad in my past relationships. And learning to be healthier in relationships is not a linear process. But it is a journey worth taking.
1. Taking time off from dating hurt at first, but it healed me. I took a year.
I had a long-term partner a while back, and he was a great person. It wasn’t his fault I was addicted to him. We weren’t a match though. But for me, that didn’t matter. What mattered was that he was meeting my relationship “needs.” We were in almost constant contact. Every anxiety, insecurity, or sneeze I needed to process with him, and he obliged. I needed him and he needed to be needed. We were codependent.
After we broke up, I didn’t jump right into another relationship.
And this hurt. As withdrawal does. I shook at a core level. I needed a lot of Netflix and junk food. But I held back on the impulse to rebound, and focused on just getting through this painful period by getting to know myself, by learning to self-soothe, even if the things that were soothing me weren’t mastering pilates, indoor rock-climbing, or doing meticulous house-cleaning.
But the lesson from this painful experience answered the core fear I had when I was with that ex—I genuinely thought being with him was keeping me from having a mental breakdown. I had no faith that I could hold myself together.
I could hold myself together just fine. I did it in messy, imperfect, indulgent ways, but I was sane. I was functional. I didn’t need him.
For me, it was necessary to take a full year away from even thinking about being involved with another person romantically. It was tough, but worth it.
3. I built deeper friendships with people who were already around.
Because I had never been alone. It took cutting off romantic entanglements to emerge and see that, and stop taking for granted the great people already in my life. I learned to really value platonic bonds.
I learned the transformative power of creative play with friends.
But friendships went deeper too; I learned the simple but important value of give and take. It’s not always all about me.
In technical terms, I did my best to develop interdependency and move away from codependency.
After the painful period of withdrawal was over, I was able to actually enjoy my own company and treat myself well. Never got to pilates, but I did get healthier. There is a big difference between loneliness and solitude. Self care can be as simple as a regular bed time routine or weekly walks in a park or making a nice meal for myself every so often. As children, we thrive with boundaries and order. As an adult, I want to give my inner child that same sense of stability in whatever small ways I can offer. Showing myself that love on a regular basis reminds me that I am worthy of love, and gets me out of the codependent trap of demanding from a partner or friend that they prove how much they love me by rescuing me. I am not an island, and of course, no one is, but I am more self-sufficient now.
I belong to several communities—creative, spiritual, extended chosen and given family, and I have friendships borne of these communities. Communities need attention too. For me, when I was in a codependent relationship, I had my partner and a handful of friends, but my sense of community shrank. These days, I am proud to count many people in my extended network of folks I care about, whether I connect with them frequently or not.
Whether a meditation sangha, a habitual prayer practice, a church, or frequent Tarot readings, (or some or all of the above) some access to inner/universal wisdom has guided me towards making sound choices for myself. My version of God/dess/inner wisdom shelters me from the storms because whether I have a partner or not, storms come.
I’m blessed to have a wonderful person in my life right now, a new sweetie. But when I fail at self-love, I fail her. Love is an action, a conscious action, not a state of being you accidentally “fall” into. In All About Love: New Visions bell hooks says that love is the conscious decision to aid in another’s spiritual growth. If I don’t know how to love myself, how on earth can I love her? And it’s like one of those visual puzzles where you have to blur your eyes a bit to get it—self-love is actually the opposite of self-absorption.
Also important to note is that we are moving slow in developing our bond.
The work doesn’t stop when a relationship begins.
Remember how I said I used to treat people like booze? Well, even with the time of drying out/withdrawal, building friendship, community, self-care, and spirituality, I can still have the tendency to make it “all about me” which is at the core of any addiction, relationship addiction included. Call it self-obsession, self-absorption, or just plain selfishness, I can fall into this pattern if I’m not careful. If I’m not vigilant.
You know that thing in airplanes when they tell you about the oxygen masks? That in the event of an emergency, put on your mask first before assisting someone else?
That pretty much sums it up. Except not so much “assisting” someone else as “relating” to someone else in this case.
In practice, that means as much as I love spending time with my new sweetie, sometimes the best thing to do for both of us, and for our relationship, is to cut a date short, and to slow down in developing and deepening our bond. We need our own time, too—in solitude, in friendship, with our respective gods, in our respective communities.
And sometimes I mess up. Sometimes the “urge to merge” is so strong I forget all these lessons and things don’t feel right. Or I make something about me when it’s not, and we fight.
But we’re working it out, separately and together. And I’m amping up my meditation practice so that when negative thoughts appear, I am not as attached to them. So there is space between a fear and an impulse to speak it.
I’m learning to be accountable for damages I’ve caused in the past.
These are all things I’ve learned to make my own life better, in and out of romantic relationship. I’ve learned to have a better relationship with myself, my god, my community, my friends, and a partner who I hope sticks around. I also know I’ll be okay if she doesn’t.
But what about the exes I’ve hurt? What about the roommates and friends I’ve irritated and alienated because of my self-absorption and other flaws at the root of my addiction? I can’t just ignore that. I have to take stock and take responsibility for my mistakes. And also, continue to apologize for my mistakes with anyone I wrong as I live life. I am human. I’m going to keep messing up. All I can do is clean up afterwards. I’m still working on this one.
“Freeing myself from relationship addiction” is a life-long process. My addiction comes from trauma, it comes from unhealthy attachment issues developed in childhood, and it comes from an addictive culture sickened and obsessed with “love” and “romance.” I won’t be rid of this in a few months or a few years. I am getting better. My life overall (career, family relationships, friendships, creative ambitions, and so on) has improved dramatically since I started putting self-love first. But it’s not a degree program. I’m enrolled for life. | 2019-04-24T22:34:04 | https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/10-lessons-i-learned-while-getting-free-from-relationship-addiction/ |
Newsday is promising another Lighthouse update for Thanksgiving, with Mark Herrmann around the club I hope it's not his latest Islander viability article number whatever that we see written every few weeks.
Hopefully Mr Herrmann just writes about the sports and a team that has earned some talk about it's play.
Unless one of the business writers like Mark Harrington have something here there is very little left to say from the sports department.
Kate Murray made her comments, Mr Botta at My Point Blank was mostly critical of her here and has plenty of past background as an insider as to what was done/when vs what is delaying things to know if she is being honest.
Hopefully Mr Wang-Mr Rechler have nothing to say. Less is more and complaining to a Newspaper solves nothing as we have learned over a decade of this game. Mr Wang's getting plenty of support with his silence.
Ms Murray's comments about allowing Wang-Rechler to pay hundreds of millions to renovate Nassau County's building by itself is an insult unless the county offered something that pays them something back to make that feasible.
Her comments about Mr Bettman are not welcome (nor were Bettman's about her) and Mr Botta correctly points out the NHL generates a lot of revenue for Nassau County and without Charles Wang as owner it will come down to Nassau County and the NHL.
Ms Murray want to talk this is not how you go about it.
Having written this a measured response from all parties working together is the only place left to go. The alternative is awful for everyone including Nassau County.
I did not have anything to write about DiPietro's comments in the Post and was almost shocked to see Dan Martin was allowed to cover an Islander off-day practice after a road-trip. He was given more space than most games receive.
I felt bad for the goaltender and obviously he will not be ready within the projected time frame. Nothing he can do but get himself healthy but this is something new for him and a very bitter pill to swallow.
His reputation is one of the best goaltenders in the NHL who can carry a club and did last season, he was the biggest reasons they were in sixth last January.
Most discouraged he ever seemed in print and obviously all he wants to do is win a cup for this franchise. He is not having the exact same injuries, something else keeps happening.
Long-term hopefully it's just a big part of one year. I suspect when he finally gets back to full health he will be as good as ever, we will see him this season.
Very busy time with all the defenders healthy and scratches required which has to be a very bitter pill for Bruno Gervais. Bailey's decision by Friday, Okposo perhaps by the weekend and Sillinger's return.
It's getting interesting on and off the ice. Gervais is not a player like Aaron Johnson, he has a three year contract and has never sat healthy for an extended time.
Big if but everyone stays healthy something has to give on the backline. | 2019-04-25T05:47:12 | https://www.newyorkislanderfancentral.com/2008/11/some-quick-thoughts.html |
Several science organisations have already reacted to the "Lamy Report", the High Level Group on maximising impact of EU Research and Innovation Programmes, chaired by Pascal Lamy. The report was published today, 3 July 2017.
LERU, the League of European Research Universities, welcomes the report "LAB-FAB-APP, Investing in the European future we want" , which LERU calls "a thought-provoking paper". The organisation agrees with the report's eleven recommendations, e.g. the need to prioritise EU (and national) budgets for R&I, but disagrees with a few of the specific suggestions in the report, saying, amongst other issues, that e.g. the EIC should include at least one academic innovation expert, that its primary role is to advise, it should not become a funding council, or that in LERU's view, no additional and separate industry schemes in MSCA are needed. LERU also calls for the new FP to focus on a limited number of objectives, and that a "mission drift" of the FP should be avoided. LERU has prepared a separate policy brief in which it responds point by point to the 11 recommendations.
Science Europe, the Brussels-based association of European Research Funding Organisations (RFO) and Research Performing Organisations, reiterates its eight key messages from its Position Statement ‘The Framework Programme that Europe Needs’ in this context. For Science Europe, examples of the FP's clear European added value include the European Research Council’s role in fostering Europe-wide competition, the support of Research Infrastructures as a fundamental part of the European research system, the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions funding, fostering mobility for the benefits of researchers’ careers in a smooth way, and the support of collaborative research to solve societal challenges that cannot be addressed purely with national efforts. | 2019-04-26T01:47:51 | https://www.era.gv.at/object/news/3367 |
Identification of bird species involved in bird/aircraft strikes is an important part of the overall assessment and management of this complex issue. Knowing the exact species provides guidance to the size, behavior, and ecology of the bird in question and is key to tracking species trends as well as focusing preventative measures. Species identifications provide the baseline data needed to plan habitat management on airfields, build avoidance programs, and have even been used to assist engineers to design windscreens and engines that are more resilient to birdstrike events.
Reporting every wildlife strike is crucial to the continuing effort of birdstrike prevention. Equally important is to assign an accurate species to each case so the overall data is complete and can be correctly interpreted. Although commercial aviation currently reports about 7,500 strikes per year (Wildlife Strikes to Civil Aircraft in the United States 1990 - 2008, Dolbeer et al.), very few of these cases are associated with a specific identification of the wildlife involved. This article presents an overview of the identification methods used by the Smithsonian Institution's Feather Identification Lab - as well as links and recommendations for reporting, collecting, and shipping birdstrike material.
Based on the work of Roxie Laybourne, the SI Feather ID Lab is a highly specialized lab that currently process over 3,000 cases a year for bird species identification from whole and fragmentary feather material. Funding for the lab is supported by interagency agreements between the Smithsonian Institution, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, and the Federal Aviation Administration.
The lab is housed in one of the world's best museum collections of birds at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC. This comprehensive collection is ideal for the work done today by researchers Carla Dove (program manager), Marcy Heacker (research assistant), Faridah Dahlan (genetics specialist), and Jim Whatton (research assistant).
While each case is different, we approach the identification of birdstrike remains based on what kind of material is available. If there is a whole bird or partial carcass, identifications can be based on physical characters traditionally used when viewing birds in the wild - including size, color, and pattern. Wings, feathers, feet, and beaks can then be compared with the bird specimens in the SI museum collection to make a final identification. This approach is also applied when samples only include loose or fragmented feathers.
Often there is very little material recovered from a birdstrike. Identification of samples consisting of small feather fragments, blood, and/or tissue can be examined in a couple of ways. The microscopic features of the downy part of a feather are unique for different groups of birds (ex. duck, raptor, or passerine). Looking at this fluffy area of the feather can provide valuable clues to narrowing down the species identification.
Many times samples are examined using more than one of these ID methods. The combination of examination results, reference comparison, and consideration of the case details (such as date and location) leads us to the most confident species identification possible.
Because the type of remains is never the same, the best way to approach collecting birdstrike remains depends on what kind of material is available. The following is a breakdown of how to collect material for species identification for each of these types of remains.
WHOLE / PARTIAL BIRD: Many times, a whole bird is found on the airfield. In these cases, pluck a variety of feathers (breast, back, wing, and tail) and place in a re-sealable plastic bag. The remaining carcass can be properly discarded. Feet, whole wings, or beaks can also be helpful if they can be removed from the whole carcass. If only part of the bird is available, collect the best variety of feathers possible; particularly feathers with obvious color or pattern. If the remains are moist or fleshy, allow them to dry and wrap them in paper before placing in re-sealable plastic bag and/or double bag them. Tyvek ® mailing envelopes also work well.
Similar to feather fragment material, the best thing to do for a blood smear or tissue ("snarge") is to send ALL of the material. Paper towels, gauze pads, alcohol wipes work well for collecting this type of material. If the area is dry it is best to moisten the material with a spray of 70% alcohol. Again, place everything in a re-sealable plastic bag to ship to the lab. Our DNA work has found that dry material or material soaked in alcohol give the best results - water encourages nasty molds and fungus that degrade DNA. If you routinely send blood/tissue swipes, you may want to contact the Feather Lab to see if FTA ® dna collecting cards are a good option for you.
When sending birdstrike remains to the lab for identification, please include a completed FAA 5200-7 form and contact information.
There are two options for shipment of birdstrike remains regular US postal service and overnight/priority shipping. If a case is damaging or priority, we recommend overnight shipping. It is important to securely package the material and use the correct address. Shipments can be labeled "safety investigation material". If you are sending material from outside the U.S. please contact the Feather ID Lab for special treatment and shipping requirements.
Proper reporting is a very important step in the overall process of birdstrike identification. Complete and accurate case reports not only make the identification and notification process more efficient, but are also the basis of gathering data, interpreting results, and ultimately implementing the knowledge obtained from the birdstrike reporting process. Your reports and IDs count!
@Copyright 2019 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. All rights reserved. | 2019-04-20T20:46:10 | http://wildlifecenter.pr.erau.edu/BirdIdentification.html |
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Maybe a newbie question... but I am getting addicted to the error department .
I just found this dime and I would like to hear what you may think.
Actually its quite common for the 2001 Dime. Sometimes you see them sell on ebay for $2 or $3.
What kind of error is that ?
Kind of die deterioration ?
Just picked this one up from Colonial Acres. I have wanted a screen printing error for a while.
Very nice screen printing error.
not sure how much of an error this is, it could be achieved with a dot of acetone, and a Q tip.
Unless it came from a sealed mint roll..
sorry I forgot it was Canada only.
Any Modern Errors are welcomed here. | 2019-04-22T04:43:12 | https://www.coincommunity.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=251476&whichpage=10 |
The search on the home page is an over-all search in all the databases reached by the Mathematics Information Service.
To find mathematical books and journals, a single query units relevant library catalogues and two review services.
In this section of the Common Union Catalogue (GVK) you will find all of its literature that is classified as mathematics.
The GVK is the union catalogue of the libraries of seven northern German federal states, including the two special subject libraries for Pure Mathematics (SUB Göttingen) and Applied Mathematics (TIB Hannover).
A literature database based on the "Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik" (JFM), the first review service in mathematics (1868-1942). It contains digitisations of the printed reviews of the JFM, updated by additional information like the MSC classification or English keywords and—if available—links to full texts of the reviewed publications, mostly stored in digitisation centres like Göttingen, Gallica, NUMDAM, Cornell, Michigan and Graz.
Subject oriented selection—mathematics and informatics in this case—of bibliographic data from the Swets Database Online Contents. It covers the holdings of articles titles from scientific periodicals and is updated continuously by the SUB Göttingen and the TIB Hannover.
In this category you may search for articles and other publications (meta data and full text) from different preprint servers, digitisation servers and archives or collections of journals.
The Mathematics Information Service uses the mathematics section of the arXiv. The arXiv is an e-print service in the fields of mathematics, statistics, physics, computer science, quantative biology and quantative finance. The arXiv is owned, operated and funded by Cornell University, it was originally developed by Paul Ginsparg and hosted at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).
The Electronic Library of Mathematics contains online journals, article collections, monographs, and other electronic resources in the field of mathematics. All material is available in electronic form and access is generally free, except for some periodicals with a "moving wall", i.e., a certain delay period after which resources become freely available.
MathDiss is a collection of (German) dissertations in the field of mathematics.
Research in the database MathGuide, a collection of mathematics websites. Those websites are described, classified and evaluated with a set of Dublin Core metadata.
Research in the meta data, i.e. in the descriptions of the websites stored in MathGuide.
Mathematika is the collection of the mathematical digitisations of the Center for Retrospective Digitization, Göttingen (GDZ). It contains monographs as well as journals and their articles—the latter are also available at DigiZeitschriften—and the metadata of the journals of the Russian Digital Mathematics Library RusDML.
French digitisation program, that has set up free access to bibliographical data and articles of French mathematical journals. For each journal, all the volumes published up to year 2000 have been retro-digitised. The articles are available for online access after a given time (moving wall) during which they are reserved for subscribers.
Collection of books selected from the University of Michigan mathematics collection of the 19th or early 20th century that have been digitised to improve access and to preserve the content of these books.
On this page, the Oberwolfach Research Institute for Mathematics provides digitized historical database like lecturenotes, guest books and conference proceedings.
The portal offers direct access to selected digitally gathered cultural assets of Lower Saxony.
Some journal data of the following digitisation projects are also availabe : JSTOR, Project Euclid, Gallica.
Our alphabetical listing is the only online information about the bequests that are kept in the Central Archive for German Mathematics Bequests.
The list of mathematical journals offered by the Mathematics Information Service, is generated by the data of the Electronic Journals Library (EZB), known as Regensburger Liste. It offers you a fast, structured and unified interface to access full text articles online. | 2019-04-22T01:08:13 | https://fidmath.de/en/recherche/databases |
Bears don’t prowl anymore, with so many badly wounded beasts about, they lurk in the hedges from where they pounce. Lehman Brothers was mauled so badly by Greenlight’s David Einhorn, a top-performing hedge fund manager whose largest short position has been in Lehman, that they replaced President Joseph Gregory and the feisty and flamboyant Chief Financial Officer Erin Callan.
Now just as HBOS issued rights, news that hedge funds have heavily shorted the bank has sent its shares below that offer price.
HBOS shares tumbled below the rights issue price yesterday as it emerged that a hedge fund run by one of the industry’s best-paid managers had taken a gamble on their decline.
Harbinger Capital, the fund run by former Barclays Capital head Philip Falcone, revealed it had built up a major short position of 3.29pc in Britain’s biggest mortgage lender.
HBOS unveiled a £100 million writedown on its equity investments in Britain’s battered housebuilding sector yesterday as it formally launched its £4 billion cash call via a posted prospectus to two million private shareholders.
It came as Andy Hornby, the Edinburgh-based bank’s chief executive, admitted that, historically, there was a greater proportion of rights issue shares left with underwriters where issuing companies had bigger private shareholder bases.
Six other funds disclosed short positions in Bradford & Bingley today: GLG Partners LP, 2.81 percent; Steadfast Capital Management LLC, 1.23 percent; Steadfast International Ltd., 0.84 percent; Oceanwood Global Opportunities Master Fund, 0.45 percent; American Steadfast LP, 0.4 percent; FIL Ltd., 0.25 percent.
The FSA imposed new rules June 20 that require disclosure of short positions of more than 0.25 percent of stock for companies that are selling new shares in rights offerings.
Blaming short sellers and lack of confidence for the collapse of a company is a tried, but tired practice theses days, it worked with moderate success on Bear Stearns, but failed spectacularly with Lehman Brothers.
The complaints about short-sellers fall roughly into two camps: first, specific allegations about their motivations; and, second, an inchoate unease about the very idea of betting against a company’s success. The shorters are accused of preying on companies and driving down their stock through collusion, issuing negative research to manipulate the stock and spreading rumours. These activities are in any event illegal. Overstock.com and Biovail, a Canadian drugmaker, have both sued short-sellers, claiming that the traders tried to drive down their stock prices through such methods.
However, says Professor Bris: “This sort of market manipulation is no more characteristic of short-sellers than of bullish investors.” His views are echoed by other academics and market participants. For their own part, short-sellers complain of a double standard: why should a view that a company’s shares are likely to fall be inherently less valid, and more worthy of suspicion, than a view that the shares will rise? One short-seller says: “I can buy GE long and go on TV and ramp the shares all I like and no one says anything, but as soon as I short I am spreading false rumours and a danger to the whole financial system? It doesn’t add up.” Like most others, he does not want to speak publicly – in part, he says, for fear of opprobrium.
That’s right; bears sniffing the wind did not cause the more than $2.5B in write-downs and force a $7.9B rights issue. The same thing happened on the way up as the credit bubble inflated and none of the companies involved complained. If mom and pop retail investors want to pile on the short side in a free market who is to say otherwise? Well it may be the inside elites who’s fortunes are tied to share price. Is it coincidental that the new FSA rule comes now and applies to banks issuing rights?
The unprecedented move by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) follows slumps in the stocks of companies – particularly banks – that have recently completed or are in the process of issuing new shares.
The government’s stated position is that the free market result, volatility, is unwanted.
“As a result, there has been severe volatility in the shares of companies conducting rights issues.
But as has been pointed out, to protect the few elites they rock the boat for everyone else. | 2019-04-22T15:54:53 | http://bankimplode.com/blog/2008/06/24/bears-in-the-hedges/comment-page-1/ |
Out of all 35 member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Belgium has the smallest gender wage gap. This result is confirmed by a OECD study published on 4 October 2017, looking at data from 2015 or the latest available year.
On average, full-time working women are paid almost 15% less than men across the OECD. This gender wage gap – defined as the difference between median monthly earnings of men and women, as a percentage of median monthly earnings of men, for full-time employees – has remained relatively unchanged throughout the developed world since the OECD last conducted an equality study with data from the year 2010.
In Belgium and Flanders as a region, the gender pay gap did diminish, though. As such, it went from 7% in 2010 to 3.3% in 2014. This puts Belgium in pole position when it comes to gender equality in the workplace across the OECD.
Around the globe, however, the road towards gender equality is still long. “Rich countries need to prioritize gender equality and step up their games toward reducing gaps in income and power between men and women,” concludes the OECD study ‘The Pursuit of Gender Equality: An Uphill Battle’.
With Dutch as its official language, Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen) is the northern region of Belgium. The capital of both Belgium and Flanders is Brussels. | 2019-04-24T22:30:33 | https://www.flandersinvestmentandtrade.com/invest/en/news/oecd-gender-pay-gap-smallest-in-belgium-and-flanders |
Scott Mackintosh readily admits that he is "a bit protective" of his four daughters and three sons, but says it comes with the territory of being a dad.
"Some may call me old fashion[ed]," the Utah County father wrote in a blog post, "but I call it 'a dad who loves his daughters' (and sons, too). I know some of you may be rolling your eyes and that's OK; my daughter does it all the time."
It was that same daughter who forced him to write that blog post in the first place so he could set the record straight.
You see, a couple weeks back, Mackintosh found himself "going viral" — a concept he confesses "an old dad like me is not familiar with" — after his daughter posted a photo of him in short-shorts and a "best dad ever" tee to her Tumblr page.
Looking to explain how that photo came to be, Mackintosh took to Becky Mack's Blog of Mild Chaos to explain himself.
It seems it all started with an impromptu attempt to teach his daughter the value of dressing more modestly.
One "family night" back in August, the Mackintoshes was getting ready to go out miniature golfing, when Scott heard his wife ask their daughter to change into "longer shorts" — a request that was abruptly refused with a resounding "NO!"
"Instead of turning her response and disrespectful attitude into a major battle, I decided to make a "small" statement on how her short-shorts maybe aren't as "cute" as she thinks," Mackintosh writes.
Using a pair of scissors he transformed "some old worn out pants into a set of short-shorts with the ends of the pockets hanging out the bottom."
According to Mackintosh, only about an inch of material stood between the world and his highly fruitful crotch.
Sporting his hot pants and a Father's Day gift he felt would perfectly accentuate his teachable moment, Mackintosh stepped out of the house ready to make his point.
As I walked out to the car I could see my daughter and her brother in the back seat with their heads down focused on their phones. Needless to say, they didn't even notice. I stood by the open driver's side door for a minute and even spoke to them, but their faces stayed focused on their phones. They didn't even glance up. They had no clue of how I was dressed.
Having gone this far, Mackintosh figured he might as well go even further.
The family's first stop at the Hibachi House restaurant, did yield some embarrassment for him and he ran into some family friends, but his daughter remained unfazed.
As I pulled into a stall, my daughter said, “Uh, no! We are NOT going in!” I said “Sure we are, let’s go!” “No!” She said, “Let’s go through the drive up.” We went in, but she stayed in the car. She had had enough and did not want to go through any further embarrassment.
In a statement to Deseret News, Mackintosh said he conducted this experiment "in hopes that my daughter would know of my great love for her and that she knows of her great worth," adding that would gladly "look like an idiot any day if that point gets across."
And it seems like it just might have: In a follow-up interview with KSL News, Mackintosh said his daughter is "dressed a little bit better" now. | 2019-04-22T06:57:34 | https://gawker.com/dad-wears-short-shorts-to-shame-daughter-into-wearing-m-1300141592 |
A qbs file extension is related to integrated development environment called Microsoft QuickBasic.
What is qbs file? How to open qbs files?
The qbs file extension is associated with the Microsoft QuickBasic, an integrated development environment for BASIC programming language availalbe for MS-DOS and Mac OS.
The qbs file stores program written QuickBasic IDE.
QuickBasic is obsolete software, last version was released in 1988.
This qbs file type entry was marked as obsolete and no longer supported file format.
Use Microsoft QuickBasic to open *.qbs files.
and possible program actions that can be done with the file: like open qbs file, edit qbs file, convert qbs file, view qbs file, play qbs file etc. (if exist software for corresponding action in File-Extensions.org's database).
Click on the tab below to simply browse between the application actions, to quickly get a list of recommended software, which is able to perform the specified software action, such as opening, editing or converting qbs files.
Programs supporting the exension qbs on the main platforms Windows, Mac, Linux or mobile. Click on the link to get more information about QuickBASIC for create qbs file action.
Click on the software link for more information about QuickBASIC. QuickBASIC uses qbs file type for its internal purposes and/or also by different way than common edit or open file actions (eg. to install/execute/support an application itself, to store application or user data, configure program etc.). | 2019-04-21T08:43:54 | https://www.file-extensions.org/qbs-file-extension |
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Related products for "DIN 2545 Alloy Steel SW flanges" | 2019-04-19T06:40:46 | http://www.chinahisea.com/din_2545_alloy_steel_sw_flanges_1843.html |
Wowing fans with their awe-inspiring moves, street dancers competing in ‘Enter the Battle’ will also be helping to beat blood cancers.
Enter the Battle - the first dance event of its kind - has chosen Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research as its official charity.
Georgina Fitt, Head of Community Fundraising at Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research, says “Not many people know this but blood cancers are the biggest cancer killer of young people aged 15-24.
'Enter the Battle' will see up-and-coming Street Dancers, Extreme Martial Artists, Free Runners, B.Boys and Trickers compete in four live competitions for cash prizes.
Stars performing include “Justine” and “Jay” from Street Dance the Movie 3D, Britain’s Got Talent entrants Team Shaolin and Akai from Got to Dance. International performers include B.Boy Ivan from America’s Got Talent and Robot Boys from Denmark Talent.
Judges confirmed include Britain’s Got Talent finalist “Steady” from Flawless and fight choreographer, stuntman and freerunner Damien Walters.
Leukaemia & Lymphoma Research has an exclusive discount with seated tickets only £18 (were £24) and standing tickets only £13 (were £19). Event organisers will also donate £3 for each ticket purchased. | 2019-04-24T08:55:51 | https://bloodwise.org.uk/blog/street-dance-battle-taking-fight-beat-blood-cancers |
ChiIL Mama/ ChiIL Live Shows has 4 free tickets to see Dralion THIS Saturday at 3:30pm at Allstate Arena, for one lucky reader!
Enter right here through midnight this Thursday, for your chance to win, then check back Friday 6/22 when we'll announce our winner.
Spread the word and enter like we vote in Chi, IL...early and often!! This one's short and sweet.
*Wait for Rafflecopter to load up right here (if you've gone through RSS feed or are scrolling down the blog and don't see it, click on the actual page title and it should pop right up). Entries accepted nationwide. Enter like we vote in Chi, IL...early and often. Winning rocks!
**Also enter to win 4 Tickets to Disney's Beauty and The Beast Musical--by Chicago Shakespeare Theatre by clicking right here. You have 5 days left to enter.
We're so stoked to be heading out to Allstate Arena this afternoon to shoot some hoops--not basketball, but Cirque du Soleil style, at Dralion's rehearsal. We'll likely even have another surprise performer video interview for you!
Check out our original Dralion Interviews With Vanessa and Vladik here.
Check out ChiIL Mama/ChiIL Live Shows interview with Vanessa, Senior PR Spokesperson for Cirque du Soleil's Touring Shows. She gave us the scoop on Dralion, the perfect show to see during 2012--the Chinese year of the Dragon! See clips of Dralion performers in action and get the story behind the show right here. Dralion is coming to both Allstate Arena and United Center in Chicago this summer, starting June 20th.
Click here for our full prior Dralion coverage on Vanessa including upcoming local philanthropy with CircEsteem, ticket purchasing links, and more.
Check out ChiIL Mama/ChiIL Live Shows exclusive interview with Vladik, juggler with Cirque du Soleil's Dralion. It was truly a pleasure to chat with the 28 year old who was born into the Moscow Circus. He now combines elements of acro and dance with his juggling routines.
Click here for our full prior Dralion Coverage on Vladik Then get your tickets today and make some Year of the Dragon memories!
Family Fun-Ukefest is Back on 7/7! | 2019-04-23T16:13:47 | http://www.chiilmama.com/2012/06/cirque-du-soleils-dralion-opens-tonight.html |
The Indian government has tried to count the number of "illegal Bangladeshi immigrants' and failed. Most Bengali-speaking Muslims in Assam and Bengal have a history going back to the 1860s.
The "illegal Bangladeshi immigrant" is a major part of the cycle of violence and politics in Assam and is threatening to engulf West Bengal too. But just who is the "illegal Bangladeshi immigrant"?
There are no focused studies and no reliable data. That is why hypothetical figures and random estimates are easily deployed as fact in the service of politics and ethnic violence. How and when did the figure of the "illegal Bangladeshi immigrant" come to prevail in the popular imagination as a threat to national security and integration of the country?
1826: The history of Bengali-speaking Muslim migrants into the North East from East Bengal – which later became East Pakistan and then Bangladesh – is an old one. After the Treaty of Yandaboo in 1826, colonial officers viewed annexed Assam as a “dreary and desolate wilderness” and decided that “four millions immigrants should be received and settled in the province” to further the old colonial goal of maximising revenues. Special officers were appointed just to oversee this migration of labour.
1871: The migrations radically altered the demography of the region as people from densely populated East Bengal districts such as Myamansingh, Dhaka, Pabna were settled in Assam. The 1871 census recorded major changes in Assam districts such as Goalpara, Nowgong, Darrang and Kamrup.
1930s: Migration subsequently intensified the competition for resources among different ethnic groups. Before 1947, provincial governments headed by Sayeed Mohammed Saadullah and Gopinath Bordoloi attempted to protect tribal land using the Line System, which drew an imaginary line between the lands of tribals and immigrants. The All India Muslim League pressed for its abolition. In 1939, the Saadulah government opened up grazing reserves to settle immigrants under a “grow more food” campaign (which Viceroy of India Lord Wavell said meant "Grow More Muslims"). The British policy of divide and rule was in full play.
1947: Serious changes in the area's demographic composition and the threat to tribal land was acknowledged when in 1947 tribal belts were created by an amendment of The Assam Land and Revenues Regulation of 1886. The Gopinath Bordoloi established 46 tribal blocks, covering an area of 16,75,946 hectares. The rules also allowed the government to resettle people displaced by natural disasters like floods and earthquakes and land acquisition. Muslim cultivators who had settled in the "char", or river islands, and "chaporis" (low-lying flood-prone areas) were the biggest beneficiaries of this provision.
1951: The 1951 census estimated the number of migrants from East Bengal at around one million to 1.5 million – between one-tenth to one-sixth of the total population of the state. Of the 1.1 million acres of wasteland inhabited by migrants in Assam, nearly half a million acres was being farmed by East Bengal settlers. These immigrants, and their descendents, are neither illegal nor Bangladeshi.
1948-1961: According to the Indian Home Ministry, about 3.1 million persons, mainly Hindus, migrated from East Pakistan from 1948 to 1961. The chief minister of Assam of that time, BP Chaliha, spoke about the influx of nearly 1,80,000 refugees from East Pakistan to Assam between January, 1964 and January, 1965.
1971: In Assam, Tripura and West Bengal, the flow of Bengali migration continued after Partition. The population flow into North East India during the 1971 Bangladesh liberation war complicated the binaries of "migrant" and "refugee" because the majority of Bengali Muslims entered India to avoid political persecution by the Pakistani forces, not to find jobs. The Assam Accord of 1985 between the central government and Assamese agitators fixed 1971 as the cut-off year to detect and deport illegal Bangladeshi immigrants.
As opposed to this complex history outlined above, let us see what politicians say.
1) Indrajit Gupta, the Home Minister of India, said in the Parliament in 1997, in the first official statement of this kind, that there were 10 million illegal migrants in India. Quoting a Home Ministry source, India Today magazine the next year provided a statewise breakdown: West Bengal 5.4 million, Assam 4 million, Tripura 8 million, Bihar 0.5 million, Maharashtra 0.5 million, Rajasthan 0.5 million and Delhi 0.3 million, making a total of 10.83 million.
2) In the same year, Assam Governor, Lieutenant General (Retd) SK Sinha, warned in a report to the President that the illegal Bangladeshi influx "poses a grave threat both to the identity of the Assamese people and to our national security” and that “large-scale illegal migration from East Pakistan/Bangladesh over several decades has been altering the demographic complexion of this State." However, the report was candid in admitting that “no census has been carried out to determine the number of these illegal migrants. Precise and authentic figures are not available but on the basis of estimates, extrapolations and various indicators, their number runs into millions."
3) In 2001, a report by the Task Force on Border Management headed by Madhav Godbole put the figure of illegal Bangladeshi immigrants at 15 million, with 300,000 entering India illegally every month. In January 2003, deputy prime minister Lal Krishna Advani issued a national directive to all states to take "immediate step to identify irregular Bangladeshis, locate them, and throw them out". Minister of State for Home Affairs Prakash Jaiswal in 2004 told the Rajya Sabha that there were 1,20,53,950 illegal Bangladeshis in India. According to these figures, the number for Assam was 5 million, West Bengal 5.7 million, followed by Bihar at 4.7 million and Delhi at 3.75 million.
4) If one were to go by the Home Ministry estimates, the increase in the number of illegal Bangladeshi migrants is much lower than the previous figures. This report also explicitly states that “the reported figures were not based on any comprehensive or sample study but were based on hearsay and that too from interested parties. Therefore, no realistic figures can be given for illegal Bangladeshis in Assam. In the case of West Bengal also, the figures are based on unreliable estimates and are incorrect.” This admission is symptomatic of most official statements on the issue of illegal immigration.
5) It was admitted in Rajya Sabha in 2007 that “according to available reports”, Bangladeshi nationals have been using the porous Indo-Bangladesh border to enter into India illegally but it has also been clarified that it is difficult to make a realistic estimate about the number of such illegal Bangladeshi immigrants “because they enter surreptitiously and are able to mingle easily with the local population due to ethnic and linguistic similarities”.
6) A white paper on the issue of illegal immigration in October 2012 published by the Assam Government states that various tribunals have since 1985 declared 61,774 persons as foreigners. Of them, 32,537 persons are, as per the Assam Accord, to be gradually registered as Indian citizens.
These difficulties of state and central governments in identifying and quantifying "illegal Bangladeshi immigrants", when seen against the long history of Bengali-speaking Muslims migrating from what was once a part of India to another part of India, suggests that the "illegal Bangladeshi immigrant" is more a political bogey than a serious large-scale threat to India. | 2019-04-24T00:33:32 | https://scroll.in/article/664077/bengali-muslims-who-migrated-to-assam-in-1871-are-not-illegal-bangladeshis |
Amid the European sovereign debt crisis and soaring unemployment levels across the European Union, ambitions for a European Unemployment Benefits Scheme (EUBS) are high on the political agenda. We don’t know very well, however, what European taxpayers think about these plans, and which factors affect public support for European unemployment benefits. To contribute to this debate, we combined laboratory experiments with a vignette survey on support for European unemployment benefits in the Netherlands and in Spain. Our results show that citizens are generally more reserved about helping the unemployed from other member states than jobless people from their own country. Citizens with higher socio-economic status and those identifying as Europeans are most likely to support unemployment benefits, while political ideology plays a negligible role. Taken together, our results indicate that there is a relatively solid basis of public support for European unemployment benefits.
Theresa Kuhn is Associate Professor in political Science at the University of Amsterdam. She obtained her PhD from the European University Institute in Florence and was a postdoctoral research fellow at Nuffield College, Oxford. Her book Experiencing European Integration. Transnational Lives and European Identity was published by Oxford University Press in 2015 and was awarded the UACES prize for best book on Contemporary European Politics. Theresa Kuhn currently works on the VENI-funded research project Boundaries of solidarity and investigates public support for international redistribution in the wake of the European sovereign debt crisis. | 2019-04-18T17:06:05 | https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/events/2017/12/national-vs-international-solidarity-with-unemployed-people-in-the-sovereign-debt-crisis-evidence-from-spain-and-the-netherlands |
Welcome to the October Shipment of the Kitterly Kit Club!
When did you learn to knit? What draws you to knitting? How did you get started dying yarn? These are the questions that I love asking designers and dyers because the answers I get are always interesting and different.
For Iris Schreier of Artyarns, crafting runs in the family. Her paternal great grandmother ran a yarn shop in Israel and her maternal grandmother was a couturier. While Iris never met the great grandmother, she remembers seeing her grandmother work on her clothing designs for customers. Iris learned to knit as a child but for a long time the craft came and went in her life.
What always seemed to lure her back were luscious luxury fibers in beautiful colors. Once she started knitting again she was inspired to design and, encouraged by friendly yarn shop owners, started working on patterns and eventually a book. In the process of writing this book however, she realized that the luxury fibers she truly loved were very hard to find. To get them, she had to make them herself and start Artyarns.
While her love of the yarn got her designing, when she does design she usually comes up with the garment first and then matches the yarn to the project. For the October Kit Club she wanted something dramatic with a thick-and-thin quality, and the result is the beautiful and drapey Wrapped in Silk Shawl. This month’s project was designed exclusively for Kitterly by Iris..
Kitterly Kit Club - March 2017 Reveal!
Kitterly Kit Club - February 2017 Reveal!
Kitterly Kit Club - July Reveal!
Kitterly Kit Club - June Reveal!
Kitterly Kit Club - May Reveal!
Kitterly Kit Club - April Reveal!
New On Kitterly: Vickie Howell's Lunch Hour Knit Kits!
Have you worked with cotton yarn?
New On Kitterly: Shibui Knits Yarns and Projects!
Kitterly Kit Club - March 2016 Reveal!
Happy Saint Patrick’s Day from Kitterly featuring Irish Girlie Knits!
Kitterly Kit Club - February Reveal! | 2019-04-19T14:18:32 | https://www.kitterly.com/blog/kitterly-kit-club-october-2017-reveal/ |
After displaying finesse at the 2019 Australian Indoor Hockey Festival, Lithgow hockey players 24-year-old Brandan Horner and 22-year-old Amelia Leard have gained well deserved spots on the 2019 Australian Indoor teams. Hockey Australia announced the 2019 squads on Tuesday, February 12 leaving two local stars grinning from ear to ear. They are set to tour Austria later in the year with Horner on the Men's Open touring team and Leard performing on the Open Women's side, a first for them both. Horner said he was lucky enough to not only make the touring team but also the Australian Men's Open and U21 Indoor Hockey Training Camp to be held in Wollongong from October 11 to October 13. "Yeah very excited to be able to wear the green and gold, I was lucky enough to make both teams and will head to Austria in November," he said. He also said he believed he had put in the hard yards to get to this point. "I believe I put in the hard work, I had to travel to Wollongong or Sydney every Sunday for a few months to train before the championships," he said. Despite having previously toured with the junior Kookaburras in outdoor hockey this was Horner's first time touring with the Australian Indoor side. He said he wasn't quite sure what to expect with details not fully released yet but looked forward to the challenge. "Not sure on who we are playing yet, but indoor hockey is massive overseas so I'm excited to come up against top class players," Horner said. For Leard it was much the same being her first time in the team. "I previously made the Australian Development team in 2017 and toured to the US but this is my first time in the Australian Open Women's side," she said. She also said it was exciting to make the team and represent Australia. "It's a really great opportunity to get to travel overseas and play especially with indoor hockey being a lot bigger in Europe, playing some of the European teams will be a good challenge," she said. Leard also wanted to take the opportunity to thank her parents for their support. Horner and Leard will jet to Austria in November where they will compete in the 2019 FIH Indoor World Cup. Read more: While you're with us, you can now receive updates straight to your inbox from the Lithgow Mercury. To make sure you're up to date with all the news, sign up here.
JET TO AUSTRIA: Hockey stars Brandan Horner with his little brother Isaac (left) and Amelia Leard (right). Pictures: SUPPLIED AND COURTESY OF CLICKINFOCUS.
After displaying finesse at the 2019 Australian Indoor Hockey Festival, Lithgow hockey players 24-year-old Brandan Horner and 22-year-old Amelia Leard have gained well deserved spots on the 2019 Australian Indoor teams.
Hockey Australia announced the 2019 squads on Tuesday, February 12 leaving two local stars grinning from ear to ear.
They are set to tour Austria later in the year with Horner on the Men's Open touring team and Leard performing on the Open Women's side, a first for them both.
Horner said he was lucky enough to not only make the touring team but also the Australian Men's Open and U21 Indoor Hockey Training Camp to be held in Wollongong from October 11 to October 13.
"Yeah very excited to be able to wear the green and gold, I was lucky enough to make both teams and will head to Austria in November," he said.
He also said he believed he had put in the hard yards to get to this point.
"I believe I put in the hard work, I had to travel to Wollongong or Sydney every Sunday for a few months to train before the championships," he said.
Despite having previously toured with the junior Kookaburras in outdoor hockey this was Horner's first time touring with the Australian Indoor side.
He said he wasn't quite sure what to expect with details not fully released yet but looked forward to the challenge.
"Not sure on who we are playing yet, but indoor hockey is massive overseas so I'm excited to come up against top class players," Horner said.
For Leard it was much the same being her first time in the team.
"I previously made the Australian Development team in 2017 and toured to the US but this is my first time in the Australian Open Women's side," she said.
She also said it was exciting to make the team and represent Australia.
"It's a really great opportunity to get to travel overseas and play especially with indoor hockey being a lot bigger in Europe, playing some of the European teams will be a good challenge," she said.
Leard also wanted to take the opportunity to thank her parents for their support.
Horner and Leard will jet to Austria in November where they will compete in the 2019 FIH Indoor World Cup. | 2019-04-20T04:58:08 | https://www.lithgowmercury.com.au/story/5904105/horner-and-leard-make-australian-indoor-hockey-side/ |
Use our USB to Ethernet Adapter to connect to a network and transfer data. It's perfect for sharing files and printers with other computers on your network and for multi-player gaming.
Easily connect to any laptop or desktop PC computer to a broadband modem / router for high speed internet for a seamless integration.
Play games with multiple players on the Internet and within your own network.
Did the network port on your computer die? Do you need a second network address? Use this adapter to easily add a network port on your computer. We don't just sell these, we use them, too.
Supports all Ethernet networks via RJ45.
Fully bus powered, no external power source needed. | 2019-04-24T19:48:15 | http://www2.usbfirewire.com/Parts/rr-usblan.html |
Darcy Egan passed away on September 19, 2018 after an over 2 year journey with colorectal cancer.
Anyone who knows Darcy knows how much she loved to work and contribute. Though unable to work, Darcy found ways to make a positive impact in her community. While receiving treatment, she became very involved in raising awareness about colon cancer; her Undy Run team Darcy and the Polyps remains the largest team in Cleveland in both size and fundraising. She faced every obstacle with a smile and a fantastic attitude, or as she would say, #nocolonstillrollin.
Darcy recently joined the Colorectal Cancer Alliance's Never 2 Young Advisory Board, and was also a third year team captain for the Cleveland Undy RunWalk. To date, she helped raised more than $17,000 for the Colorectal Cancer Alliance whose vision is to end this disease within our lifetime. All donations made in memory of Darcy will support the Alliance's mission to increase screening and prevention, fund cutting edge research including early-age onset, and support patients and their families in need of assistance.
She is survived by her loving husband, Robert, her parents, Kelly & Cheryl, her brother, Riley, and many other family members & friends. | 2019-04-20T02:59:57 | https://fundraise.ccalliance.org/blue-star-tributes/darcyegan |
Hi Stefan, I'll check the rest later, but e.cancel is a good news as it confirm what I thought .. we track all updates manually in typed data sets .. and they actually track all updates/inserts .. so eventually they all avail at once on save...thanks.
Now user get back to that 5 lines cell.. On the click the and start typing scroll bar appearing but user still see all 5 lines.. and it is continue to be observable while user is typing.. If three line added than 8 lines will be seen after leaving and all 8 when cell became editable when user comes back.. etc.
where it is discussed how to set the row's height.
Thanks, change row height did work.. now I have to adjust style of particular column .. | 2019-04-25T16:23:28 | https://www.infragistics.com/community/forums/f/ultimate-ui-for-asp-net/119424/text-editor-set-up-and-ajax-refresh-in-hierarchal-grid/530196 |
Just about every animal has some unique feature that allows it to defend itself from predators. Some have incredible speed, such as deer, while others have sharp claws, powerful muscles or rows of gleaming teeth. Some animals camouflage themselves into the background while the purpose of some camouflage, like that of zebra, make it difficult to distinguish individuals from the group. Even the slow, ungraceful skunk has a very potent defense mechanism. Just about every animal has something, it seems, except sheep. It’s almost as if God intended them to be food for other animals. Sheep are very nearsighted and have to be led to food and water. They cannot drink fast moving water and can actually drown trying. They have to be led to food, led to shelter, and protected from every type of danger. The Bible uses sheep of all things to represent people.
Jesus had compassion on the crowds in Mark 6 because he saw them as “sheep without a shepherd.” Sheep wander and are easily driven. Jesus described himself in John 10 as the good shepherd. More than a hireling, that might run away in the face of danger, Jesus is willing to lay down his life for the sheep. Jesus as our good shepherd paints a picture of himself caring for those who are unable to care for themselves. We are helpless and hopeless while the devil is like a roaring lion seeking whom he may devour. In steps the good shepherd, the Way, the Truth and the Life, our great provider, protector and redeemer. The first century audience would have understood the imagery well.
Elsewhere Jesus is referred to as the Lamb of God. Think back to the very first Passover that took place in Egypt. The Passover lamb had to be a perfect specimen, one without spot or blemish. The lamb was slain and the blood was displayed on the doorposts so that the angel of death, i.e. God’s judgement, would pass over that home. We will remember the death of Jesus and celebrate his resurrection soon, on Good Friday and Easter Sunday. The Lamb of God was slain, the sacrificial lamb that takes away the sin of the world. The names of the redeemed are written in the Lamb’s Book of Life and God’s judgement will once again pass over.
So is Jesus the sheep or the shepherd? It depends on which analogy we happen to be using at the time. He is both of those things and so much more. The Bible uses many images, symbols and illustrations to convey who Jesus is. The love of God surpasses our understanding. Words are insufficient. In some ways he is like the sacrificial lamb of Passover, but in other ways he is like a good shepherd. At some point every analogy breaks down. He is also like the high priests, going into God’s presence in the Holy of Holies to offer the blood of atonement. But unlike the Levitical priests he has no sins of his own to be cleansed of first. He ever lives to make intercession, continually going into the Father’s presence on our behalf and offering a better sacrifice than the blood of bulls, lambs and turtle doves.
Jesus is the bread of life and living water. He is the rock that gives water in dry places, the rose of Sharon, the Lily of the Valley, the bright morning star, the solid foundation on which the wise build and the stone the builders rejected which has become our cornerstone. All of the metaphors help us paint a portrait as we attempt to understand who and what Jesus is. He is really the Son of God that loved us when we were unlovable, lost in our sins and enemies of God. When we could not come to God he came to us, gathering those that were willing to himself. Why he would do that is mind boggling and that’s why we need the images.
This entry was posted in Christianity, Holy Week, illustrations and tagged analogy, Good Shepherd, illustrations, Jesus, Lamb of God, lamb that was slain, sacrifice, way truth and life, word pictures. Bookmark the permalink. | 2019-04-18T12:39:32 | https://themasterstable.wordpress.com/2016/03/25/good-shepherd-lamb-of-god/ |
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
Did climate change shape human evolution? This question has old, deep roots (1, 2), but in recent decades, the fossil record of hominin evolution and behavior has improved, although it remains incomplete, and great progress has been made in the quality and number of African paleoclimate records from land and ocean sediments (3). A recent National Research Council (NRC) report (4) examines emerging faunal and paleoclimate evidence underlying the hypothesis that past climate changes may have influenced our evolution.
The basic premise is that large-scale shifts in climate alter the ecological structure and resource availability of a given setting, which leads to selection pressures (3, 5). Indeed, some of the larger climate shifts in Earth history were accompanied by unusually high rates of faunal turnover—bursts of biotic extinction, speciation, and innovation (6–8). For example, a large turnover event occurred near 34 million years ago (Ma) when Earth cooled abruptly and large glaciers first expanded upon Antarctica (8, 9). Many of the taxa that appeared after 34 Ma were better adapted to the new environments that emerged, which included cooler polar regions, greater seasonality, and arid grasslands.
Notable hominin extinction, speciation, and behavioral events appear to be associated with changes in African climate in the past 5 million years. First appearance and extinction events, as well as key behavioral milestones, cluster between 2.9 and 2.6 Ma and again between 1.9 and 1.6 Ma (see the figure, panel A). In the earlier group, these events include the extinction of Australopithecus afarensis (“Lucy”) near 2.9 Ma; the emergence of the robust australopiths (Paranthropus spp.), with large jaws and grinding teeth, near 2.7 Ma; and the emergence of the larger-brained Homo lineage sometime after 2.6 Ma, near the time when the first evidence for Oldowan stone tool manufacture, use, and transport appears (10).
Important evolutionary developments between 1.9 and 1.6 Ma (4) included the first appearance of Homo erectus—the first hominin species to resemble modern humans, with large brains, similar dentition, and a lithe frame—near 1.9 Ma. By 1.6 Ma, the more developed and refined Acheulean stone tool industry appears, including bifacial hand axes. This period also includes the first hominin exodus out of Africa and into Europe and South Asia.
For any given time period, the number and diversity of hominin fossils is low relative to most other taxa. Paleontologists have turned to another mammalian group that shared the African landscape with our ancestors, the bovids, for evidence of climate influences. These even-toed ungulates, such as antelopes, represent roughly one-third of African fossils [hominin fossils constitute <1% (11)]. An all-Africa analysis of bovid evolution spanning the past 6 million years revealed several turnover events where rates of speciation and extinction were well above background levels (5). The two largest of these events occurred near 2.8 Ma and 1.8 Ma (5), and the nature of the faunal changes implicates aridification and grassland expansion as a likely cause; for example, many new grazing bovid species appeared with specialized dentition (hypsodont molars) for processing the abrasive, grassy diet (12).
African climate changes during the past 5 million years bear the signatures of two separate processes (13). Orbital precession forcing (with a period of ∼20,000 years) acted as a “monsoonal pacemaker” that switched between wet and dry conditions. A long-term trend toward increasing drier and more variable conditions is superimposed on these wet-dry cycles, commencing after ∼3 Ma and peaking near 1.8 to 1.6 Ma.
A snapshot of African evolutionary and paleoclimate changes.
(A) Summary diagram of human evolution spanning the past 4.6 million years [no phylogenetic relations are indicated; compiled from (4, 10)]. First appearances and approximate durations of Mode 1 (Oldowan) and Mode 2 (Acheulean) stone tools are indicated (11). (B) Occurrences of Mediterranean sapropel deposits compiled from marine and land sediment sequences (15). (C) Compilation of sedimentary evidence indicating deep lake conditions recorded in several East African paleolake basins (16, 17). (D) Carbon isotopic analyses of plant-wax biomarker compounds measured at Site 231 in the Gulf of Aden, currently the most proximal ocean drilling site to hominin fossil localities (18). The shift to higher values after 3 Ma indicates a greater proportions of C4 vegetation, or savannah grasslands. (E) Carbon isotopic values of soil carbonate nodules compiled from several studies (19, 20), also indicating grassland expansion after ∼3 Ma, peaking between 1.8 and 1.6 Ma. (F) Relative abundance of African mammals indicative of seasonally arid grasslands in the lower Omo Valley (Ethiopia), showing an initial increase in grassland-adapted mammals after 2.5 Ma with peak values after 1.8 Ma (12).
The African wet-dry cycles are impressive: From 15,000 to 5000 years ago, the modern Saharan Desert was nearly completely vegetated, with large, permanent lakes and abundant fauna (14). Precessional increases in summer radiation invigorated the monsoon, delivering more rainfall deeper into Africa, and enhanced Nile river runoff flooded into the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The resulting freshwater stratification created anoxic conditions and led to deposition of organic-rich sediments (sapropels) on the seafloor. Stratigraphic sections representing many millions of years contain hundreds of these sapropel layers (15), and these layers are commonly bundled into 100,000- and 412,000-year packages associated with the modulation of orbital precession monsoon cycles with the eccentricity of Earth's orbit (see the figure, panel B). Many East African rift valley lakes in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania were high during a few, but not all, of these high-eccentricity intervals (see the figure, panel C) (16, 17).
The long-term drying trend is documented by increases in African wind-borne dust after 2.8 Ma, with peak values near 1.8 to 1.6 Ma off East Africa (13). Carbon isotopic analyses of plant wax biomarker compounds from a drill site in the Gulf of Aden (18) (see the figure, panel D) and analyses of soil carbonate nodules near hominin fossil localities (19, 20) (see the figure, panel E) indicate that East African savannah grasslands expanded at these times. Increased numbers of grazing bovid species parallel the grassland expansion (see the figure, panel F) (12).
Hypotheses linking African climate and faunal change are constrained by these new observations. Faunal lineages typically persisted throughout dozens of wet-dry climate cycles, so it is unlikely that the orbital-scale variability alone was a selection agent. Similarly, early hypotheses emphasizing only the unidirectional development of open vegetation do not capture the now-evident complexity of African climate variability. An emerging view is that African fauna, including our forebears, may have been shaped by changes in climate variability itself. These views posit that increasing climate variability led to climate and ecological shifts that were progressively larger in amplitude (3, 21, 22).
One strategy articulated in the NRC report (4) is to investigate the key evolutionary milestone events as natural history experiments. The grand challenge will be to develop coordinated sets of observations to test proposed links between African climate and faunal change. The foremost task will be to improve the fossil and paleoclimate records, especially for those intervals where available evidence is most suggestive of climatic forcing of adaptive evolutinary change.
, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (John Murray, London, 1859), chap. 3.
, Nature 115, 195 (1925).
, Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 41, 93 (1998).
National Research Council, Understanding Climate's Influence on Human Evolution (National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2010).
, in Paleoclimate and Evolution with Emphasis on Human Origins, E. Vrba, G. Denton, L. Burckle, T. Partridge , Eds. (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT, 1995), pp. 385–424.
, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 37, 181 (2009).
., Nature 443, 687 (2006).
., Science 292, 686 (2001).
, Nature 421, 245 (2003).
., J. Hum. Evol. 45, 169 (2003).
, in The First Humans: Origin and Early Evolution of the Genus Homo, F. E. Grine et al., Eds. (Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2009), pp. 173–184.
, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 207, 399 (2004).
, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 220, 3 (2004).
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, Science 309, 2051 (2005); 10.1126/science.1112964.
, J. Hum. Evol. 53, 487 (2007).
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, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 97, 241 (1992).
, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 123, 106 (2004).
, Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 50, 20 (2007).
, in The First Humans: Origin and Early Evolution of the Genus Homo, F. E. Grine et al., Eds. (Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2009), pp. 151–158.
, J. Hum. Evol. 32, 289 (1997).
Climate change and its effects on African ecosystems may have played a key role in human evolution. | 2019-04-19T22:20:17 | https://science.sciencemag.org/content/331/6017/540?ijkey=b292b70b80013d73d09c9c1d6a578b095a72f107&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha |
BARON OF GODSMERE: Book One Audiobook Now Available!
Pleased to announce the audiobook release of BARON OF GODSMERE: Book One (The Feud series), narrated by the beautifully talented Mary Sarah Agliotta.
My cover designer has done it again–putting faces to my stories, this time the second book in The Feud series, BARON OF EMBERLY, releasing early Winter 2015.
PART I: A Fun Tale Of Finding Baron Magnus Verdun ~ After digging through stock photo sites in search of the perfect model to represent my hero, I happened upon Jason Aaron Baca. And now you may be wondering how I know his name. Fun tale. After the cover of BARON OF EMBERLY was finalized, and well before its cover reveal, I received an email from Jason. He had seen another of my Cover Evolution posts and wanted to know the name of my cover designer. Happily, I revealed Ravven as the amazing talent behind my covers–more happily, I surprised him with a sneak peek of him in the role of Magnus Verdun. So here is pre-Magnus, kilt and all.
PART II: Putting A Face On Lady Thomasin de Arell ~ Thomasin presented something of a challenge. She’s no great beauty like Lady Elianor or Lady Quintin, but finally the young lady in my head found her match in this model. And, yes, the original Magnus and Thomasin have a Scottish thing going on, but if anyone can fix that, it’s Ravven.
PART III: Positioning Magnus and Thomasin ~ All righty, then. Here’s the first mock up, using the same format as the first book in the series, BARON OF GODSMERE, and a similar background (this time, the swirling banner is blue to represent the House of Verdun). Yep, these two models make a nice couple. Er, but as my oldest son noted, let’s not have Magnus checking out Thomasin’s backside.
PART IV: Getting Down To Details ~ It definitely works better having Magnus face this direction. So, now the sword. Let’s turn it down. Next, put some space between Magnus and Thomasin to see more of the sword and banner dividing them. A pity we have to toss out the kilt, but Magnus is far more comfortable in 14th-century armor, and how about making the drape over his shoulder silver-gray? I like Thomasin’s gown, but the color clashes with the banner’s royal blue. What do you think about…red. Definitely red (you’ll see why, readers). And how about banner blue for her plaid cloak. Hair wise, Thomasin’s is dark blond.
PART V: Perfecting The Details ~ Downward-facing sword is good, as is the distance between hero and heroine. Love the armor–yummy alternative to the kilt–and the silver-gray drape is perfect. Red looks lovely on Thomasin, and I like the blue cloak, but is that too much blue? Let’s try it in the color of Magnus’s drape. Great shade of blond for Thomasin, and look at that windswept style! Oh, mustn’t forget her eyes are intense blue. Note: Emberley corrected to Emberly with two e’s.
PART VI: Blue/Silver-Gray/Gold Cloak ~ The silver-gray cloak works, but I’m thinking a color that will lighten up the cover overall. A gold similar to the background so we’re not introducing another color? Nice blue eyes.
PART VII: Ta Da! ~ The finalized BARON OF EMBERLY!
PART VIII: And Then There Were Two ~ BARON OF GODSMERE, meet BARON OF EMBERLY. Can’t wait for both of you to meet BARON OF BLACKWOOD (don’t know how I’m going to keep it under wraps for months and months).
Alright, guys! I am back in business!! I do want to let you know that things will probably be a bit slower for a while, but I’ll fill you in on everything going on soon! In the meantime, let’s do this!!
Tamara is a bestselling and multi-award winning author of historical and contemporary fiction. Her book, The Unveiling, is currently FREE!!! So, head on over and grab a copy!!
The rules are simple. I ask Tamara some random questions. She replies and then I give my answers. Each winning answer is worth one point and I get to decide whose answer is better.
1. Have you ever been metal detecting? If so, what did you find? | 2019-04-24T21:06:45 | https://tamaraleighauthor.wordpress.com/2015/08/ |
Found 3 blog entries for March 2008.
Friday, March 14th, 2008 at 12:12pm.
The Hayman Company announced that it has acquired Irving commercial real estate, as well as a property in San Antonio.
Union Bower Business Park is a303, 000 square foot facility with multiple tenants. It is ideal for distribution facilities with multiple loading capabilities and numerous truck courts. This multi-tenant property includes office space, some of which is presently vacant.
Tuesday, March 11th, 2008 at 11:55am.
If you've been in Valley Ranch, you have probably seen these new townhomes for sale. They are beautiful, 3-story brick/stone homes that sit like a beacon atop a great hill. The Manors at Valley Ranch is built by a smaller, custom home builder; therefore avoiding the tract home, cookie cutter feel.
Wednesday, March 5th, 2008 at 11:45am.
The Villas of Lake Vista is European-style townhome community located in Coppell, TX. A development of Wellington Manor Homes, a Hawkins - Welwood company, these homes offer a unique style for the area and have beautiful accents and detail around every corner. D Magazine gives Hawkins - Welwood Best Builder Award for 2008 and the Home Builders Association of Dallas (HBA) awarded them Best Townhome Community in August 2007. | 2019-04-23T08:14:20 | http://www.viprealtyinfo.com/blog/2008-03/ |
This page lists people surnamed Bower or Bowers who were born, married, lived or died in Desborough. Ancestors of those born in Desborough are traced back as far as possible. Other family members are included where it helps clarify relationships. Click on a highlighted name for a descendant tree. | 2019-04-21T16:59:04 | http://www.afamilystory.co.uk/desborough/desborough-family-individuals.aspx?name=Bower&ref=97 |
Often a focal point in their community, public sector organisations sometimes face increased risk from burglars, vandals, intruders and arsonists.
For many of these organisations they have to balance protecting staff and also the security of those people their organisation serves – children, students, patients, residents, the general public etc. In certain cases, people are on site 24/7 and need protection around the clock.
We understand the responsibilties you have to keep people safe from harm on your premises That’s why we’ll work closely with you to assess its weak points and advise you on the best level of protection for your staff and operations. We are highly experienced in creating security solutions for all types and ages of property – from the modern and contemporary premises through to listed and heritage properties.
Take a look in the box below at some of the various means we have to protect your people. Remember we are not wedded to any specific manufacturer and so make it our priority to find the right solution for your business needs. | 2019-04-19T22:36:38 | https://www.absolutesecurity.co.uk/public-sector/new-protecting-people/ |
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Having had a look around without any luck, does anyone know where i can get a reverse gear lockout plate/mechanism. Reverse on mine is left and back. I have seen the Tornado cable mechanism, but would rather a selector guide plate incorporating a reverse gear latch of some form. Any ideas?
IPCW LED taillight users - backup bulb and harness?
Reverse Rotation Automatic Transaxle. Planetary gearset? | 2019-04-18T18:46:39 | https://www.gt40s.com/tags/reverse/ |
“I live in Australia. My experience with Caranua has been very positive. The application process took quite a bit of time, but once I was assigned an Advisor, my needs were addressed promptly in a courteous and professional manner.
“Despite the time difference, my Advisor always phoned me at a time convenient to me, and was very helpful and warm in discussing my situation.
“My immediate concern was assistance with medical bills, and Caranua supported this. I am free to choose my own practitioner, pay the bill myself, and then get it refunded from Caranua. This means that I do not have to explain to others how and why I am getting assistance, which is very important for my privacy and dignity.
“While my major concern at first was to obtain assistance with my medical costs, with my Advisor’s assistance I applied for funding to do a weekend craft course, a cooking class, and a sewing course. I really enjoy the sewing course, and I now attend a sewing group once a week. I have made lots of friends, from different walks of life and different countries, and we have great fun while advancing our skills. We also sew items for children in care. I was supported to purchase the sewing machine and materials I needed. Without the funding from Caranua, I would not have joined this group or learned this new skill. | 2019-04-25T04:17:20 | http://caranua.ie/i-would-urge-all-those-eligible-to-apply-right-away-and-enjoy-the-benefits/ |
We have established the tradition to every year give a topic to the Janmastami Festival. This year the theme was "Krishna and His beloved peacocks". Already last year at Kartik I bought beautiful peacocks of various sizes in Vrindavan, and devotees took them back to Kharkov. And our pujaris made more peacocks of all kinds. There were also other animals such as frogs, ducks, cows, lizzards, turtles, and also mushroms. And the Deities were receiving a new outfit with peacocks. It was a wonderful absorption to make all these arrangements, and the devotees were fascinated, allowing their eyes and minds to wander and discover all the little details. It was indeed a window into Goloka Vrindavan......!
Every evening during the days leading up to Janmastami Deena Bandhu Prabhu gave Vraja lila Katha, decorated with wonderful Vraja bhajans and kirtans. He truly brought Vrindavan to us all, and devotees were charmed by his sweet personality. Having lived for so many years in Vrindavan, he deeply carries Vrindavan in his heart and serves like a touch stone, transforming every place into Vrindavan. For so many years he has been sacrificing his very body in taking the devotees on parikrama around Vrindavan, introducing them to Krishna's pastime places. What a wonderful way to serve the Vaisnavas!
On the morning of Janmastami Deena Bandhu Prabhu gave the morning program, which was well attended considering it was a working day. There was further katha by senior devotees and readings with kirtan throughout the whole day. At 4pm we witnessed a beautifully arranged abhishek conducted by the pujaris on the altar, accompanied by melodious kirtan. Thereafter Deena Bandhu Prabhu gave a wonderful lecture, describing all kinds of sweet details around Krishna's appearance. We continued with Gaur Artik, followed by offering of gifts and cards to the Lord, and Deena Bandhu Prabhu singing more Vraja Bhajans. A group of matajis offered a poetic presentation as a little cultural program, and then we all received the opportunity to swing Radha Syamasundara, accompanied by sweet kirtans - another opportunity to chant the holy name in a prayerful mood.
The last hour before midnight I conducted our traditional "Krishna Meditation" connected with this year's theme - Krishna and His beloved peacocks. I had collected nice quotes from the Bhagavatam, describing games and pastimes with Krishna and the cowherd boys, in connection with peacocks.
"O friend, Vrindavana is spreading the glory of the earth, having obtained the treasure of the lotus feet of Krishna, the son of Devaki. The peacocks dance madly when they hear Govinda's flute, and when other creatures see them from the hilltops, they all become stunned.
Srila Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura explains Krishna-Lila as follows: "In Vrindavana, the peacocks request Krishna, 'Govinda, please make us dance.' Thus Krishna plays His flute, and they surround Him in a circle and dance in time with the rhythm of His melody. And while standing in the midst of their dancing, He also sings and dances. Then those peacocks, who are fully satisfied with His musical performance, out of gratitude offer for His pleasure their own divine feathers. In the usual manner of musical performers, Krishna gladly accepts these presentations and places a feather upon the turban atop His head. Gentle animals such as deer and doves greatly relish the transcendental entertainment presented by Krishna, and to get a good view they flock to the peaks of hills. Then, as they watch the breathtaking program, they become stunned in ecstasy."
We were reading from Sivarama Swami's book "Venu Gita", which gives very detailed descriptions of this very astounding pastime - the peacocks were shedding tears of ecstasy when Krishna joined their dancing. The flute in Krishna's hands, seeing the uncommon performance of its master and the peacocks, began to sing of its own accord. This exceptional development greatly surprised even Krishna, who watched as, without His effort, the flute played in response to the dancing of the birds. All the animals assembled to witness this unique kirtan performance and were stunned in ecstatic love. Finally the king of peacocks approached Krishna in a mood of great humility. Bowing low to the ground, he said: "Dear Krishna, we are lowly creatures of the forest and, having no possessions, we live in the trees and eat whatever flowers and herbs are available in season. In making us dance, You have created a great festival of bliss, for which we remain eternally in Your debt. Despite our poverty, it is our duty to offer You daksina, failing to do which we would appear ungrateful and lose our reputation. Therefore, I request You to accept our only opulence, the feathers of our plumage, and wear them in Your crown as its decoration." With large tears of ecstasy flowing down his beak, the leader of peacocks dropped many divine feathers at Govinda's lotus feet.
Krishna accepted the offerings of the peacocks and, while gathering their feathers, He fondly caressed their heads, to everyone's great joy. He placed a few feathers in His turban and, while holding the rest in His hand, He turned to His friends, who embraced Him with love and affection. | 2019-04-20T00:24:24 | https://www.therootsofspiritualculture.net/diary/janmastami-and-prabhupadas-appearance |
Kenny Harlow is a true horseman sharing his “Training with Trust” methods with horses and students alike gaining astounding results. He is a graduate of John Lyons very first certification program and has continued his education training under top trainers in the disciplines of dressage, hunter/jumper, eventing, and reining. He has been featured on national television shows including Hard Copy, and NBC weekend Today show. Many newspapers and horse publications such as Horse World magazine, Equine journal, and chronicle of the horse have featured articles on Kenny’s Training methods. His specialty is working with problem horses and starting unbrokes. He proves that clear communication and patience is the key to solving the most difficult of problems. | 2019-04-24T21:10:57 | http://www.horsetackreview.com/make-display.php?ID=279 |
I was born in Bristol and used to buy sweets from the same corner shop as Banksy.
As a teenager I used to paint punk/alternative band names in white gloss on the back of friend's jackets - copying lettering is something I've done for a long time. I also learnt to use an airbrush, spent hours and hours doing very intricate black and white drawings and, like all goths, learnt black letter calligraphy.
In the early 1990s I discovered colour and was massively into Tank Girl. Below there's a photo of a psychedelic collage of hand-copied drawings in hommage of Jamie Hewlett's iconic creation.
I could never decide bewteen arts and science, but eventually went for science and got as far as finishing a Ph.D. in the photodegradation of car paints before getting bored jumping ships to become a motorcycle road tester in 1995. Working at Performance Bikes magazine was sometimes a lot of fun and certainly an unforgettable experience. For the record, I quit in 1997 because the publishing company, EMAP, moved Mark Forsyth (editor) off the magazine. PB was no longer PB without MF. During that hectic period, I only had time to do tiny little cigrarette-card sized paintings, but they slowly built up into a snap shot of that surreal part of my life. | 2019-04-25T08:14:35 | http://jillstrong.com/js04_previouswork.html |
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SEOUL, Feb. 11 (Yonhap) -- South Korean Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha is expected to hold talks with U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on North Korea later this week in advance of the upcoming second summit between Pyongyang and Washington, a diplomatic source here said Monday.
Kang is preparing to visit Warsaw to join a U.S.-sponsored ministerial session to "Promote a Future of Peace and Security in the Middle East" on Wednesday and Thursday, according to the source.
Pompeo will be present at the meeting as well, offering a chance for one-on-one talks with Kang ahead of the summit between the leaders of North Korea and the U.S. in Hanoi from Feb. 27-28.
South Korea's presidential office, Cheong Wa Dae, earlier said Kang and Pompeo will meet each other in the near future.
Kang's office said it has no information to make public yet in connection with Kang's possible trip to Poland.
Another source said there will be a related announcement on Tuesday.
Separately, Chung Eui-yong, chief of the presidential National Security Office, is likely to have discussions on North Korea with his American counterpart, John Bolton, over the phone.
President Moon Jae-in will then have phone talks with President Donald Trump before the Hanoi summit.
The U.S. said there will be another round of working-level consultations with North Korea next week. Stephen Biegun, the U.S. envoy for North Korea, will likely meet with Kim Hyok-chol, the communist nation's special representative for U.S. affairs of the State Affairs Commission, in Hanoi in a bid to nail down agenda items and logistical details of the planned summit. | 2019-04-19T12:25:31 | https://m-en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190211008200315 |
目的是提供一种提高放电能量向可见光的变换效率和板的亮度、同时尽可能改善色纯度的气体放电板。 Object is to provide an improved discharge energy conversion efficiency to visible light and the luminance of the panel, while improving color purity as a gas discharge panel. 为此，在气体放电板中，将气体介质的封入压力设定为比以往高的101.32～266.64kPa的范围。 For this reason, in the gas discharge panel, the pressure of the gas enclosed medium is set to a range higher than the conventional 101.32 ~ 266.64kPa. 另外，对封入的气体介质，代替现有的气体组成而采用含有氦、氖、氙、氩的稀有气体混合物，并最好是使氙的含量在5体积%以下、氩的含量在0.5体积%以下、氦的含量小于55体积%，从而可以使发光效率提高，同时能降低放电电压。 In addition, enclosed gaseous medium, in place of the conventional composition of a gas containing a rare gas as helium, neon, xenon, argon mixtures, and the content of xenon is preferably 5% by volume, the content of argon at 0.5% by volume hereinafter, the helium content of less than 55% by volume, so can improve the luminous efficiency, while reducing the discharge voltage. 此外，如果采用将显示电极和地址电极隔着电介质层层叠在正面板或背面板的任何一个的表面上的结构，则即使在封入压力高的情况下，也能以较低的电压进行寻址。 Further, if the display electrode and the address electrode via a dielectric layer on a surface of any positive or rear panel of the structure, even at a high gas pressure is, addressing is performed at a relatively low voltage .
本发明涉及气体放电板及气体发光器件之类的气体放电管，尤其是用于高清晰度的等离子显示板。 The present invention relates to gas in the gas discharge panel and a gas discharge light emitting device or the like, particularly for high-definition plasma display panel.
近年来，由于对以高清晰度电视为代表的高品位大屏幕电视机的需求日益迫切，在CRT、液晶显示器(以下，简称LCD)、等离子显示板(Plasma Display Panel，以下简称PDP)等各种显示器的领域内，正进行着适用于这种电视机的显示器的开发。 In recent years, the demand for high-definition television as the representative high-quality large-screen TV increasingly urgent, in CRT, liquid crystal display (hereinafter abbreviated LCD), a plasma display panel (Plasma Display Panel, hereinafter referred to as PDP) and other in the field of display types, we are engaged in the television monitor suitable for this development.
以往作为电视机显示器而广为采用着的CRT，在析象度和画质方面优良，但因其进深尺寸和重量随屏幕的增大而增加，所以不适用于40英寸以上的大屏幕。 As a conventional television display and the CRT of the widely adopted, excellent in the resolution and picture quality, but because the depth size and weight increases with the increase in the screen, it is not available for 40-inch large screen. 而LCD虽然具有耗电少、驱动电压也低等优良的性能，可是制作大屏幕却存在着技术上的困难，视场角也受到限制。 Although the LCD has low power consumption, low driving voltage but also excellent performance, but making a large screen, but there are technical difficulties, the viewing angle is limited.
与此不同，PDP，即使在进深尺寸薄的情况下也能实现大屏幕，并已开发出50英寸级的产品。 In contrast, PDP, even when thin depth dimension can achieve the big screen, and has developed 50 inches class products.
PDP，大致可分为直流型(DC型)和交流型(AC型)，但目前适于大型化的AC型正成为主流。 The PDP, can be divided into direct current type (DC type) and alternating current type (AC type), but adapted to the size of the AC-type is becoming the mainstream.
一般的交流表面放电型PDP，其正面板和背面板隔着间壁平行配置，在以间壁分隔出的放电空间内封入放电气体。 A general AC surface discharge type the PDP, the front panel and a rear panel which via partition walls arranged in parallel, in order to discharge gas sealed in the discharge space partitioned by the partition wall. 并且，在正面板上设有显示电极，在电极上覆盖由铅玻璃构成的电介质层。 Further, the front plate is provided with display electrodes covered with a dielectric layer made of lead glass on the electrode. 在背面板上，设置着地址电极和间壁、及由红、绿或蓝的紫外线激励荧光体构成的荧光体层。 In the rear panel, and the partition is provided with address electrodes, and a phosphor layer is a phosphor excited by red, green, blue or ultraviolet light.
作为放电气体的组成，一般采用氦[He]和氙[Xe]的混合气体系列或氖[Ne]和氙[Xe]的混合气体系列，考虑到将放电电压抑制在250V以下，其封入压力通常设定在13.33～66.66kPa左右的范围内(例如，可参照：M.Nobrio，T.Yoshioka，Y.Sano，K.Nunomura，SID94′Digest727～730，1994)。 As the composition of a discharge gas, generally mixed gases series or helium neon [of He] and xenon [Xe] to [Ne] and xenon [Xe] mixed gas series, taking into account the discharge voltage is suppressed to 250V or less, which is enclosed pressure is generally is set in a range of about 13.33 ~ 66.66kPa (for example, refer to: M.Nobrio, T.Yoshioka, Y.Sano, K.Nunomura, SID94'Digest727 ~ 730,1994).
PDP的发光原理与荧光灯基本相同，即通过对电极施加电压而发生辉光放电，从Xe产生紫外线并使荧光体激励发光，但因放电能量向紫外线的变换效率及荧光体的向可见光的变换效率低，所以很难获得像荧光灯那样高的亮度。 The PDP emitting the fluorescent lamp is basically the same principle, i.e. a glow discharge by applying a voltage to the electrode occurs, and ultraviolet rays are generated from the Xe light emitting phosphor excited, but the conversion efficiency of discharge energy into visible light to ultraviolet light and conversion efficiency of the phosphor low, it is difficult to obtain as high as fluorescent brightness.
关于这一点，在应用物理Vol.51，No.3 1982年第344～347页，记载着：在气体组成为He-Xe、Ne-Xe系列的PDP中只有大约2％的电能应用于紫外线发射，最终应用于可见光的的电能也只有0.2％左右(可参照：光学技术通讯Vol.34，No.1 1996年第25页；FLAT PANEL DISPLAY(平板显示器)96′Part5-3；NHK技术研究第31卷第1号昭和54年第18页)在这样的背景条件下，期望着开发出在以PDP为代表的放电板中通过提高发光效率而在实现高亮度的同时降低放电电压的技术。 In this regard, in Applied Physics Vol.51, No.3 1982 Year 344 ~ 347, recorded: the gas composition of He-Xe, Ne-Xe PDP series of only about 2% of the energy applied to the ultraviolet emission , applied to the final energy of visible light is only about 0.2% (may refer to: the optical communication technology Vol.34, No.1, 1996 25; fLAT PANEL dISPLAY (flat panel display) 96'Part5-3; NHK techniques Study 31, No. 1, 1979, page 18) in this background, it is desirable to reduce the development of the discharge voltage while achieving high luminance discharge panel PDP represented in the art by increasing the light emission efficiency.
从显示器的市场观察也存在着这种需求。 Market Watch monitors also exist from this demand. 例如，在当前的用于40～42英寸级电视机的PDP中，在NTSC象素电平(象素640×480个、单元间距0.43mm×1.29mm、1个单元的面积0.55mm2)的情况下，可以得到1.21lm/w和400cd/m2左右的板效率和屏面亮度(例如，FLAT-PANELDISPLAY 1997 Part5-1 P198)。 For example, in the current PDP for a 40 to 42-inch class television, in a case where the pixel NTSC level (of 640 × 480 pixels, cell pitch 0.43mm × 1.29mm, 1-unit area of 0.55mm2) of under can be obtained / w and the panel efficiency and the panel brightness of about 400cd / m2 1.21lm (e.g., FLAT-PANELDISPLAY 1997 Part5-1 P198).
与此不同，在近年来所期待着的全规格42英寸级的高清晰度电视机中，象素数为1920×1125、单元间距为0.15mm×0.48mm。 On the other hand, in recent years looking forward to full size 42 inches class high definition television set, the number of pixels of 1920 × 1125, for the cell pitch 0.15mm × 0.48mm. 在这种情况下，1个单元的面积为0.072mm2，与NTSC的情况相比，仅相当于其1/7～1/8。 In this case, the area of a cell is 0.072mm2, compared with the case of NTSC, which is equivalent to only 1/7 - 1/8. 因此，可以预计到，当以过去的单元结构制作用于42英寸高清晰度电视机的PDP时，其板效率为0.15～0.17lm/w，而屏面亮度将降低到50～60cd/m2左右。 Thus, it can be expected that when a cell structure in the past for making PDP 42 inch high-definition TV, which plate efficiency 0.15 ~ 0.17lm / w, and the screen brightness will be reduced to approximately 50 ~ 60cd / m2 .
因此，在用于42英寸高清晰度电视机的PDP中，如果想要获得与现行的NTSC的CRT同样的亮度(500cd/m2)，则必需将效率提高到10倍以上(5lm/w以上)(例如，可参照「平板显示器1997第5-1部分第200页」)。 Accordingly, in the PDP 42 inches for high definition television, if you want to obtain the same luminance of the current NTSC CRT (500cd / m2), it is necessary to increase the efficiency to more than 10 times (5lm / w or more) (for example, refer to "flat panel display 1997 5-1 section 200").
另外，在PDP中为获得良好的画质，不仅要提高亮度而且需要改善色纯度从而调整白色平衡，也是重要的。 In addition, in the PDP in order to obtain good quality, not only to improve the brightness and color purity needs to be improved so as to adjust the white balance it is also important.
针对上述提高发光效率及提高色纯度这样的课题，已进行着各种各样的研究和发明。 For improving the above-described light emission efficiency and improvement in color purity of such a problem, various studies have been made and the disclosure.
例如，作为在放电气体组成上的研究尝试，在特公平5-51133号公报中，公开了一种采用氩(Ar)-氖[Ne]-氙[Xe]的3成分混合气体的发明。 For example, studies have attempted to the discharge gas composition in KOKOKU Publication No. 5-51133 discloses a method using argon (Ar) - Ne [Ne] - Xenon [Xe] 3 component of the gas mixture of the invention.
通过引入上述的氩，虽可减少从氖发出的可见光从而改善色纯度，但对发光效率不能期望有多么大的提高。 By introducing the above-described Ar, it can be reduced although the visible light emitted from neon to improve color purity, luminous efficiency can not be expected but for how greatly improved.
另外，在专利2616538号中，公开了采用氦[He]-氖[Ne]-氙[Xe]的3成分混合气体。 Further, in Patent No. 2,616,538, disclose the use of helium [of He] - a mixed gas of xenon [Xe] The three components - Ne [Ne].
按这种方式得到的发光效率，与氦[He]--氙[Xe]或氖[Ne]-氙[Xe]的2成分气体的情况相比虽有提高，但在NTSC的象素电平下仅为1lm/w左右，所以期望着开发能够使发光效率进一步提高的技术。 Luminous efficiency obtained in this way, and helium [He] - Xenon [Xe] or neon [Ne] - where xenon [Xe] 2 composition of the gas as compared to the improved but the pixel level of NTSC at only about 1lm / w, it can be desirable to develop a light-emitting efficiency is further improved technique.
本发明，是在这种背景之下进行开发的，其主要目的是提供能够提高板的亮度及放电能量向可见光的变换效率、同时能获得色纯度良好的发光的以PDP为代表的气体放电板。 The present invention is developed in this context, the main purpose is to provide a conversion efficiency can be improved brightness and discharge energy to visible light plate, while good color purity can be obtained in the light emitting PDP represented gas discharge panel .
为达到上述目的，根据本发明的一种气体放电板，在相对设置的一对板之间，形成封入了气体介质的放电空间，同时在上述一对板的相对的面的至少一个面上设置电极和荧光体层，随着放电而产生紫外线并由上述荧光体层变换为可见光从而发光，该气体放电板的特征在于：上述气体介质，是含有氦、氖、氙、氩的稀有气体混合物；在上述气体介质中含有5体积％以下的氙、小于5 5体积％的氦，0.5体积％以下的氩；上述气体介质的封入压力为101.32～266.64kPa。 To achieve the above object, according to a gas discharge panel according to the present invention, between a pair of opposed plates arranged to form a discharge space enclosed gaseous medium, while at least disposed at opposite surfaces of the pair of plates face one electrode and the phosphor layer with ultraviolet rays generated by discharge the phosphor layer to emit light is converted into visible light, characterized in that the gas discharge panel wherein: the gaseous medium, containing helium, neon, xenon, argon rare gas mixture; xenon in the gas containing 5 vol% or less of the medium, it is less than 55% by volume of helium, argon, 0.5 vol%; gas pressure of the enclosed medium is 101.32 ~ 266.64kPa.
采用这种结构提高发光效率的主要原因如下。 The main reason for such a configuration as to improve light emission efficiency.
在现有的PDP中，气体介质的封入压力，通常小于66.66kPa，随放电而产生的紫外线中，大部分是谐振线(中心波长147nm)。 In the conventional PDP, the pressure of the gas enclosed medium is, typically less than 66.66kPa, with ultraviolet rays generated by the discharge, most resonant line (center wavelength 147nm).
与此不同，如上所述，当封入压力高时(即，在放电空间内封入的原子数多时)，分子线(中心波长154nm、172nm)所占的比例增多。 Unlike this, as described above, when the high filling pressure (i.e., sealed in the discharge space is large atoms), an increase in the proportion of molecular lines (center wavelength 154nm, 172nm) occupied. 这里，与谐振线存在着自身吸收不同，分子线几乎没有自身吸收现象，所以照射在荧光体层上的紫外线的量增多，因而使亮度及发光效率提高。 Here, the self-absorption of resonant lines exist different molecular wires almost no absorption phenomenon itself, so increasing the amount of ultraviolet irradiation on the phosphor layer, to improve the brightness and thus the light emission efficiency.
另外，在通常的荧光体中，从紫外线到可见光的变换效率，在长波长一侧有增大的趋势，这也可以说是亮度及发光效率提高的原因。 Further, in the conventional phosphor, the conversion efficiency from ultraviolet to visible light in the long wavelength side tends to increase, which may be the cause of said luminance and luminous efficiency is improved.
可是，在气体放电板中，在气体介质内一般含有氖[Ne]或氙[Xe]，当封入压力较低时，很容易发生因来自氖[Ne]的可见光而使色纯度恶化的问题，与此不同，在像本发明这样的封入压力高的情况下，由于来自氖[Ne]的可见光大部分在等离子体内部被吸收，所以很难向外部射出。 However, the gas discharge panel, typically in the gaseous medium containing neon [Ne] xenon or [Xe], when the filling pressure is low, it is prone to problems resulting from neon [Ne] visible deterioration of the color purity, on the other hand, in the case of the present invention, such as a high pressure sealed, since most of the visible light from the neon [Ne] is absorbed in the interior of the plasma, is emitted to the outside is difficult. 因此，与现有的PDP相比，色纯度也可以得到改善。 Accordingly, the PDP compared with the conventional, color purity can be improved.
另外，在现有的PDP中，放电形态为第1型辉光放电，但如设定为像本发明这样的106.65～533.28kPa的高压，则可以预计到很容易发生条形辉光放电或第2型辉光放电。 Further, in the conventional PDP, discharge to form the first glow discharge, but if a high pressure is set to 106.65 ~ 533.28kPa such as in the present invention, it can be expected to occur easily glow discharge or the second bar 2 type glow discharge. 因此，由此可以使放电的阳极光柱上的电子密度提高，因而能集中地供给能量，所以也可以使紫外线的发光量增加。 Accordingly, whereby the electron density in positive column discharge is increased, and thus the energy can be supplied intensively, it may be that the amount of the ultraviolet light emission increases.
进一步，由于封入压力超过大气压(101.32kPa)，因而还具有防止大气中的杂质侵入PDP中的效果。 Further, since the pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure is sealed (101.32kPa), which also has the effect of preventing intrusion of impurities in the air in the PDP.
在106.65～533.28kPa的封入压力范围中，从106.65～133.32kPa、106.65～186.65kPa、186.65～366.64kPa、266.64～533.28kPa的各个范围，也可以看到如实施形态中说明的特征。 In the filling pressure in the range 106.65 ~ 533.28kPa from 106.65 ~ 133.32kPa, 106.65 ~ 186.65kPa, 186.65 ~ 366.64kPa, each range 266.64 ~ 533.28kPa also be seen as the embodiment described aspect features.
另外，对所封入的气体介质，如代替以往的氖-氙或氦-氙的气体组成而采用由氦、氖、氙、氩组成的4成分稀有气体混合物作为气体介质，则即使氙的量较少也能获得高的亮度和高的发光效率。 The use of a rare gas mixture 4 component consisting of helium, neon, xenon, argon consisting of a gaseous medium xenon gas composition, even if xenon amount than - In addition, the gaseous medium is enclosed, as instead of conventional neon - xenon or helium less can be obtained a high luminance and a high luminous efficiency. 即，可以得到放电电压低而发光效率高的PDP。 That is, a low discharge voltage can be obtained and high light emission efficiency PDP.
这里，为了降低放电电压，最好是使氙的含量在5体积％以下、氩的含量在0.5体积％以下、氦的含量小于55体积％。 Here, in order to reduce the discharge voltage, it is preferable that the content of xenon is 5% by volume, the content of argon at 0.5% by volume, of helium under 55% by volume.
并且，如以106.65～533.28kPa的高压封入上述4成分气体介质，则在抑制放电电压升高的同时能有效地提高亮度及发光效率。 And, at high pressure such as 106.65 ~ 533.28kPa the four components enclosed gaseous medium, is effective to improve the brightness and luminous efficiency while suppressing an increase in the discharge voltage.
另外，当放电板的结构为使显示电极和地址电极隔着放电空间相对配置时，如将封入压力设定为高压，则寻址时的电压也存在变高的倾向，但如果采用将显示电极和地址电极隔着电介质层层叠在正面板或背面板的任何一个的表面上的结构，则即使在封入压力高的情况下，也能以较低的电压进行寻址。 Further, when the structure is that the discharge panel display electrode and the address electrode facing the discharge space disposed therebetween, the filling pressure is set to such a high pressure, the addressing voltage also tends to become high, but if the display electrode and the address electrode via a dielectric layer on a surface of any positive or rear panel of the structure, even at a high gas pressure is, addressing is performed at a lower voltage.
另外，根据本发明的一种显示装置包括上述本发明的气体放电板，和对所述气体放电板的电极施加电压而驱动该气体放电板的驱动电路。 Further, the driving circuit of the voltage applied to the gas discharge panel according to the present invention comprises a gas discharge panel display apparatus of the present invention, and an electrode of the gas discharge panel.
图1是实施形态1的对置交流放电型PDP的简略断面图。 FIG 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the embodiment opposed-discharge type AC PDP 1.
图2是在形成上述PDP的保护层时采用的CVD装置的简图。 Schematic view of a CVD apparatus employed in the Figure 2 is the protective layer of the PDP is formed.
图3是在MgO保护层上形成棱锥状微细凹凸的等离子蚀刻装置的简图。 FIG 3 is a schematic view of a plasma etching apparatus is formed pyramid-like fine irregularities on the MgO protective layer.
图4是表示瞬态辉光、弧光转移的电流波形的曲线图。 FIG 4 is a graph showing the transient glow transferred arc current waveform.
图5是表示封入压力变化时的紫外线波长与发光量的关系的特性图。 FIG 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of light emission in the ultraviolet wavelength when the enclosed pressure changes.
图6是表示Xe的能级和各种反应路径的图。 FIG 6 is a diagram illustrating the energy levels and various reactive path of Xe.
图7是表示放电气体压力与谐振线、分子线、及总紫外线的关系的特性图。 FIG 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the discharge gas pressure and the resonance lines and molecular lines, and the total ultraviolet light.
图8是表示对各色荧光体的激励波长与相对发射效率的关系的特性图。 FIG 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the excitation wavelength of the phosphor of each color and relative emission efficiency.
图9是表示实验1的结果的曲线图及图表。 9 is a graph showing the results of Experiment 1 and the graph.
图10是表示实验2的结果的曲线图图11是表示实验3的结果的曲线图及图表。 FIG 10 is a graph of experimental results of FIG. 2 FIG. 11 is a graph and a graph of the results of Experiment 3.
图12是表示实验4的结果的曲线图图13是实施形态2的交流表面放电型PDP的简略断面图。 FIG 12 is a graph of the experimental results of FIG. 4 FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the AC surface discharge type PDP morphology of 2.
图14是实施形态2的交流表面放电型PDP的简略断面图。 FIG 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the AC surface discharge type PDP morphology of 2.
以下，说明本发明的实施形态。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention.
(实施形态1)(PDP的总体结构及制法)图1是简略表示本实施形态的交流表面放电型PDP的斜视图。 (Embodiment 1) (PDP manufacturing method and of the overall structure) FIG 1 is a schematic showing the present embodiment of the AC surface discharge type PDP in a perspective view.
该PDP，在结构上使在正面玻璃衬底11上设有显示电极(放电电极)12a和12b、电介质层13、保护层14的正面板10及在背面玻璃衬底21上设有地址电极22、电介质层23的背面板20在使显示电极12a、12b与地址电极22对置的状态下按一定间隔相互平行配置。 That the PDP, provided that the display electrodes (discharge electrodes) 12a and 12b, dielectric layer 13, protective layer 14 of front panel 10 and the address electrodes 22 provided on the back glass substrate 21 on the front glass substrate 11 in the structure , the dielectric layer 20 in the back plate 23 of the display electrodes 12a arranged in parallel to each other at an interval 22 and 12b face each address electrode. 并且，正面板10与背面板20的间隙，通过以条带状的间壁30进行分隔而形成放电空间40，并在该放电空间40内封入放电气体。 Further, the front plate and the back plate 20 a gap 10, and the discharge space is formed by the partition 40 to partition 30 of the strip, and a discharge gas filled in the discharge space 40.
另外，在该放电空间40内，在背面板20侧设置着荧光层31。 Further, in the discharge space 40, the side of the back plate 20 is provided with the phosphor layer 31. 该荧光层31按红、绿、蓝的顺序反复排列。 The phosphor layer 31 sequence of red, green, and blue repeatedly arrayed.
显示电极12a、12b及地址电极22，都是条带状的银电极，显示电极12a、12b沿着与间壁30正交的方向配置，地址电极22与间壁30平行配置。 Display electrodes 12a, 12b and the address electrode 22, strip-shaped silver electrodes are stripe display electrodes 12a, 12b are arranged along a direction perpendicular to the partition wall 30, address electrodes 22 disposed parallel to the partition wall 30.
并且，构成在显示电极12a、12b与地址电极22的交叉处形成发射红、绿、蓝各色光的单元的放电板结构。 And constituting the display electrodes 12a, 12b are formed at the intersection of the address electrodes 22 emitting red, green, and blue discharge cell plate structure color light.
电介质层13，是厚度为20μm左右的由铅玻璃等构成的层，配置成使其覆盖正面玻璃衬底11的设有显示电极12的整个表面。 Dielectric layer 13, a thickness of a layer of lead glass or the like of the right and left of 20 m, arranged so as to cover the front side of the glass substrate 11 provided with the entire surface of the display electrode 12.
保护层14，是由氧化镁(MgO)构成的薄层，覆盖着电介质层13的整个表面。 The protective layer 14 is a thin layer made of magnesium oxide (MgO), cover the entire surface of the dielectric layer 13.
间壁30，在背面板20的电介质层23的表面上突起设置。 Partition 30, the projection is provided on a surface of the dielectric layer 23 of the rear plate 20.
在驱动该PDP时，采用驱动电路在要点亮的单元的显示电极12a与显示电极22之间施加电压而进行定址放电，然后，在显示电极12a、12b之间施加脉冲电压而进行持续放电，从而发出紫外线光，并通过由荧光体层31将其变换为可见光，使该单元发光。 When the driving the PDP, the driver circuit of the display electrode 12a and the cell to be lit for address discharge voltage is applied between the display electrode 22, and the display electrodes 12a, 12b between the pulse voltage is applied to perform sustain discharge, to emit UV light, and by 31 converts the visible light by the phosphor layer, so that the light emitting unit.
具有上述结构的PDP，按如下方法制作。 PDP having the above structure, the following production method.
正面板的制作：正面板10的制作方法是，在正面玻璃衬底11上形成显示电极12，从显示电极12之上涂敷铅基玻璃并经烧结而形成电介质层13，进一步，在电介质层13的表面上形成保护层14，并在保护层14的表面上形成微细的凹凸。 It makes the panel: the front panel 10 is the manufacturing method, display electrodes 12 are formed on the front glass substrate 11, coated on the electrode 12 from the display and a lead-based glass dielectric layer 13 is formed by sintering, further, the dielectric layer the protective layer 14 is formed on the surface 13, and form fine irregularities on the surface of the protective layer 14.
显示电极12，采用通过网板印刷涂敷银电极用膏剂后进行烧结的方法形成。 Display electrodes 12, the method of sintering applied by screen printing a silver paste electrode after forming.
铅基电介质层13的组成为70重量％的氧化铅[PbO]、15重量％的氧化硼[B2O3]、15重量％的氧化硅[SiO2]，通过网板印刷法和烧结形成。 Composition of the lead-based dielectric layer 13 is 70% by weight of lead oxide [PbO], 15% by weight of boron oxide [B2O3], 15% by weight of silica [SiO2], is formed by screen printing and sintering. 具体地说，以网板印刷法涂敷与有机粘合剂(将10％的乙基纤维素溶解在α-萜品醇内制成)混合而成的组成物，然后在580°下烘烧10分钟形成，其膜厚设定为20μm。 Specifically, applied by screen printing method with an organic binder (10% ethyl cellulose dissolved in terpineol α- made) are mixed composition, and then firing at 580 ° 10 minutes is formed, the thickness thereof is set to 20μm.
保护层14，由碱土族氧化物(这里是氧化镁[MgO])构成，是具有面取向或面取向的精细结晶结构的膜，在其表面上形成具有微细凹凸的结构。 The protective layer 14, made alkaline earth oxide (here magnesium oxide [of MgO]) configuration, having a orientation or film surface plane orientation of the fine crystal structure, a structure having fine irregularities on the surface thereof . 在本实施形态中，采用CVD法(热CVD法、等离子CVD法)形成这种由面或面取向的MgO构成的保护膜，然后用等离子蚀刻法在其表面上形成凹凸。 In the present embodiment, the formation of such a protective film made of MgO plane or the plane orientation of the CVD method (thermal CVD method, plasma CVD method), then forming irregularities on the surface thereof by a plasma etching method . 关于保护层14的形成方法及其表面上的凹凸形成方法，将在后文中详细说明。 The method of forming irregularities on its surface protective layer 14 on the forming method will be described later in detail.
背面板的制作：利用在背面玻璃衬底21上通过网板印刷涂敷银电极用膏剂后进行烧结的方法形成显示电极22，与正面板10的情况一样，通过网板印刷法和烧结在其上形成由铅基玻璃构成的电介质层23。 Making back panel: the use in the method of the back glass substrate 21 on the sintering is applied by screen printing a silver paste electrode after forming the display electrode 22, and the case where the front panel 10, as by screen printing and sintering thereof It is formed on the dielectric layer 23 made of lead-based glass. 接着，按规定的间距固定玻璃制间壁30。 Next, predetermined fixed pitch partition 30 made of glass. 然后，在以间壁30分隔出的各个空间内涂布红色荧光体、绿色荧光体、蓝色荧光体中的一种并经烧结而形成荧光体层31。 Then, in each space partitioned by the partition wall 30 is applied to a red phosphor, a green phosphor, a blue phosphor and 31 and sintered to form a phosphor layer. 作为各色的荧光体，可以采用通常在PDP中使用的荧光体，但这里也可以采用下列的荧光体。 As each color phosphor, the phosphor may be used in a PDP is generally used, but here the following phosphors may be used.
绿色荧光体： BaAl12O19：Mn蓝色荧光体： BaMgAl14O23：Eu2+粘结板形式的PDP制作：接着，用密封用玻璃将按如上方式制成的正面板和背面板粘结在一起，同时将以间壁25分隔出的放电空间30内抽成高真空(1.06×10-7kPa)，然后按规定压力封入规定组成的放电气体，从而制作PDP。 Green phosphor: BaAl12O19: Mn Blue phosphor: BaMgAl14O23: Eu2 + bonding plate of the PDP of production: Next, the sealing glass will be positive and back panels made of bonded together in a manner as described above, while the partition will pumping out the partition 25 discharge space 30 into a high vacuum (1.06 × 10-7kPa), according to predetermined pressure and then sealed discharge gas of predetermined composition, thereby producing PDP.
(关于放电气体的压力及组成)放电气体的封入压力，设定为超过大气压(101.32kPa)的106.65～533.28kPa的范围，该范围高于以往的一般封入压力。 (On the pressure and composition of the discharge gas) filled discharge gas pressure is set in the range of more than atmospheric pressure (101.32kPa) of 106.65 ~ 533.28kPa This range is generally higher than the conventional pressure sealed. 由此，与以往相比可以提高亮度及发光效率。 Thus, the conventional luminance and luminous efficiency can be improved compared.
在本实施形态中，为能以高压封入放电气体，在将板粘结在一起时，不仅在正面板和背面板的外周部而且在间壁25上也要涂布密封用玻璃，然后将其贴合并进行烧结(有关细节可参照申请号：平9-344636的日本专利)。 In the present embodiment, is capable of a high-pressure discharge gas is filled, when the plates are bonded together, not only in the outer peripheral portion of the front panel and the rear plate but also on a partition wall 25 coated with the sealing glass, and then paste the combined sintering (for details may refer to application number: Japanese Patent No. 9-344636 flat). 因此，即使以533.28kPa左右的高压封入气体，也能制成有足够耐压强度的PDP。 Thus, even if a high-pressure gas sealed about 533.28kPa, a sufficient compressive strength can also be made of PDP.
作为封入的放电气体，为能提高发光效率和降低放电电压，最好采用含有氦[He]、氖[Ne]、氙[Xe]、氩[Ar]的稀有气体混合物，以取代以往的氦-氙系列或氖-氙系列的气体组成。 As the discharge gas sealed, and the emission efficiency can be improved to reduce the discharge voltage, comprising helium is preferably used [of He], neon [Ne], xenon [Xe], argon [Ar] is a rare gas mixture, instead of a conventional helium - neon or xenon series - series of xenon gas composition.
这里，最好是使氙的含量在5体积％以下、氩的含量在0.5体积％以下、氦的含量小于55体积％，作为气体组成的具体例，可举出He(30％)-Ne(67.9％)-Xe(2％)-Ar(0.1％)这样的气体组成(气体组成式中的％表示体积％。以下同)。 Here, it is preferable that the content of xenon is 5% by volume, the content of argon at 0.5% by volume, of helium under 55% by volume, as the gas composition Specific examples thereof include He (30%) - Ne ( 67.9%) - Xe (2%) - Ar (0.1%) such gas composition (gas composition formula expressed in% vol% in the following).
上述的放电气体组成设定及封入压力设定，都有助于提高PDP的发光效率和板的亮度，特别是，如将上述的放电气体组成设定及封入压力设定结合在一起，则与以往相比能在抑制放电电压升高的同时显著地提高发光效率及板亮度，有关细节将在后文中说明。 The composition of the above-described discharge gas pressure is set and sealed, all help improve the luminance and luminous efficiency of the PDP panel, particularly, as the above-mentioned composition is set and the discharge gas filling pressure is set together, and the compared to conventional can significantly improve the panel luminance and luminous efficiency while suppressing an increase in discharge voltage, details of which will be described hereinafter.
另外，当封入压力在常压以下(以往的约66.66kPa以下)时，由于从氖(Ne)向外部发出可见光，因而很容易降低色纯度，而如使封入压力为106.65kPa以上的高压，则即使从氖(Ne)发出可见光，但因大部分在等离子体内部被吸收，所以几乎不向外部射出。 Further, when the filling pressure below atmospheric (about 66.66kPa less conventional), since the visible light emitted from neon (Ne) to the outside, which is easy to reduce the color purity, and if charged pressure of 106.65kPa or more high-pressure, the even visible light emitted from neon (Ne), but mostly absorbed in the interior of the plasma, is hardly emitted to the outside. 因此，与封入压力在常压以下(约66.66kPa以下)的情况相比，色纯度也可以改善。 Thus, as compared with the gas pressure is below atmospheric (about 66.66kPa or less), the color purity can be improved.
另外，封入压力如超过大气压，则能防止大气中的杂质侵入放电空间30内。 Further, such a pressure above atmospheric pressure is sealed, it is possible to prevent the intrusion of impurities in the atmosphere of the discharge space 30.
在本实施形态中，为使PDP的单元尺寸适合于40英寸级的高清晰度电视机，将单元间距设定为0.2mm以下，显示电极12的电极间距离d设定为0.1mm以下。 In the present embodiment, as the cell size of the PDP for 40-inch class high-definition television, the cell pitch is set to 0.2mm or less between the display electrode 12 is set to 0.1mm or less distance d.
考虑到将放电电压抑制在实用的范围内，将封入压力的上限值设定为533.28KPa。 Taking into account the discharge voltage is suppressed within a practical range, the upper limit of the filling pressure is set to 533.28KPa.
(关于MgO保护层的形成方法及其表面形成凹凸的方法)图2是在形成保护层14、24时采用的CVD装置40的简图。 (The method of forming MgO protective layer on its surface unevenness forming method) in FIG. 2 is formed using CVD 14,24 when the protective layer 40 is a schematic view apparatus.
该CVD装置40，既可以进行热CVD也可以进行等离子CVD，在装置本体45中，设有用于加热玻璃衬底47(在图1中的玻璃衬底11上形成显示电极和电介质层13后的衬底)的加热部46，装置本体45内可以用排气装置49减压。 The CVD apparatus 40, both the heat CVD, plasma CVD may be performed, in the apparatus body 45, is provided for heating a glass substrate 47 is formed on a (glass substrate 11 in FIG. 1 after display electrodes and a dielectric layer 13 the substrate) of the heating portion 46, 49 of the apparatus body 45 can be reduced by exhaust means. 此外，在装置本体45上，还设置着一个用于产生等离子体的高频电源48。 Further, the apparatus body 45 is further provided with a high frequency power supply 48 for generating plasma.
Ar气瓶41a、41b，将作为载体的氩[Ar]经由气化器(鼓泡器)42、43供给装置本体45。 Ar cylinders 41a, 41b, argon as a carrier [Ar] the apparatus body 42, 43 is supplied via the gasifier 45 (bubbler).
气化器42，用于加热和贮存用作MaO原料(原始材料)的金属螯合物，通过从Ar气瓶41a吹入Ar气，可以使该金属螯合物蒸发并送入装置本体45。 Gasifier 42, for heating and storing as MaO feedstock (raw material), metal chelates, by blowing an Ar gas from the Ar gas cylinder 41a, may cause the metal chelate is evaporated and fed to the apparatus body 45.
气化器43，用于加热和贮存成为MaO原料(原始材料)的环戊乙烯基化合物，通过从Ar气瓶41b吹入Ar气，可以使该环戊乙烯基化合物蒸发并送入装置本体45。 Vaporizer 43 for heating and storage become cyclopentyl MaO feedstock (raw material) vinyl compounds, 41b by Ar gas was blown from the Ar gas cylinder, cyclopentyl vinyl compound may cause the apparatus body 45 and fed evaporated .
作为从气化器42和气化器43供给的原始材料的具体例，可以举出Magnesium Dipivaloyl Methane(二叔戊酰甲烷镁)[Mg(C11H19O2)2]、Magnesium Acetylacetone(乙酰丙酮镁)[Mg(C5H7O2)2]、Cyclopentadienyl Magnesium(环戊乙烯合镁)[Mg(C5H5)2]、MagnesiumTrifluoroacetylacetone(三氟乙酰丙酮镁)[Mg(C5H5F3O2)2]。 Specific examples of the raw material supplied from the vaporizer 42 and the gasifier 43 may include Magnesium Dipivaloyl Methane (magnesium dipivaloylmethane) [Mg (C11H19O2) 2], Magnesium Acetylacetone (magnesium acetylacetonate) [of Mg ( C5H7O2) 2], Cyclopentadienyl magnesium (ethylene-co-magnesium-cyclopentyl) [Mg (C5H5) 2], MagnesiumTrifluoroacetylacetone (magnesium trifluoroacetylacetonate) [Mg (C5H5F3O2) 2].
氧气瓶44，用于将作为反应气体的氧气[O2]供给装置本体45。 Oxygen bottles 44, [O2] apparatus main body 45 for supplying oxygen as the reaction gas.
进行热CVD法时：将玻璃衬底47放置在加热部46上，使电介质层朝上，并加热到规定温度(350～400°℃)，同时用排气装置49将反应容器内部减压到规定压力。 When the thermal CVD method: the glass substrate 47 placed on the heating portion 46, facing the dielectric layer, and is heated to a predetermined temperature (350 ~ 400 ° ℃), exhaust means while the reaction vessel was reduced to 49 internal specified pressure.
然后，一面由气化器42或气化器43将用作原始材料的碱土族金属螯合物或环戊乙烯基化合物加热到规定温度(参照以下各表的「气化器温度」栏)，一面从Ar气瓶41a或41b送入Ar气。 Then, one surface 42 of the gasifier or gasifier 43 as the alkaline earth metal chelate or cyclopentyl vinyl compound starting material is heated to a predetermined temperature (refer to "gasifier temperature" column in the following table), Ar gas Ar fed from the side of the cylinder 41a or 41b. 与此同时，还从氧气瓶44流入氧气。 At the same time, also flows into the oxygen from the oxygen cylinder 44.
通过上述操作，使送入装置本体45的金属螯合物或环戊乙烯基化合物与氧气反应，并在玻璃衬底47的电介质层的表面上形成MgO保护层。 By the above operation, the metal chelate fed to the apparatus body 45 or cyclopentyl vinyl compound is reacted with oxygen, and MgO protective layer is formed on a surface of the dielectric layer 47 of the glass substrate.
进行等离子CVD时：以与上述热CVD时基本相同的方式进行，但由加热部46产生的玻璃衬底47的加热温度设定在250～300℃左右，同时用排气装置49减压到1.33kPa左右，并驱动高频电源48，例如，施加例如13.56MHz的高频电场，从而一面在装置本体45内产生等离子体，一面形成MgO保护层。 When the plasma CVD: when the heat CVD to substantially the same manner, but the heating temperature of the glass substrate generated by the heating unit 4647 is set at about 250 ~ 300 ℃, while the exhaust device 49 under reduced pressure to 1.33 about kPa, and drives the RF power supply 48, e.g., applying a high frequency electric field of 13.56MHz, for example, thereby generating a plasma in the side of the apparatus body 45, MgO protective layer formed on one surface.
采用上述热CVD法或等离子CVD法形成的MgO保护层，在用X射线分析法检查结晶结构后，确认为面取向或面取向。 MgO protective layer formed using the above-described thermal CVD method or a plasma CVD method, the method for detecting the X-ray crystal structure analysis, identified as plane orientation or a plane orientation. 与此不同，在用X射线分析法检查结晶结构后，确认以往以真空蒸镀法(EB法)形成的MgO保护层为面取向。 On the other hand, in the crystal structure analysis by X-ray examination confirmed MgO protective layer in a conventional vacuum deposition method (EB method) of plane orientation.
在以CVD法形成MgO保护层的过程中，形成面取向或是面取向，可以通过控制作为反应气体的氧气的流量进行调整。 In the process of forming the MgO protective layer to a CVD method to form a plane orientation or a plane orientation, can be adjusted by controlling the flow rate of oxygen as the reaction gas.
其次，说明用等离子蚀刻法在保护层上形成凹凸的方式。 Next, plasma etching irregularities formed on the protective layer manner.
在装置本体52中，有一个在其上形成有由MgO构成的保护层的衬底53(即在图1中的玻璃衬底11上形成显示电极12a和12b、电介质层13及保护层14后的衬底)，在装置本体52内，可以由排气装置56进行减压，并可以从Ar气瓶51供给Ar气。 In the apparatus body 52, there is a protective layer made of MgO is formed on a substrate 53 (i.e., the display electrodes 12a and 12b, dielectric layer 13 and a protective layer 14 is formed on the glass substrate 11 in FIG. 1 a substrate), in the apparatus main body 52, may be reduced by the exhaust unit 56, and Ar gas may be supplied from the Ar gas cylinder 51. 此外，在装置本体52上，还设有用于产生等离子体的高频电源54及用于照射所产生的离子的偏置电源55。 Further, the apparatus body 52, the bias power supply is also provided for generating an ion plasma high frequency power source 54 for irradiation and the generated 55.
在使用该等离子蚀刻装置时，首先，用排气装置56对反应容器内部进行减压(0.0001333～0.01333kPa)，并从Ar气瓶供入Ar气。 When using the plasma etching apparatus, first, the exhaust device 56 inside the reaction vessel under reduced pressure (0.0001333 ~ 0.01333kPa), and Ar gas was fed from the Ar gas cylinder.
驱动高频电源54，通过施加13.56MHz的高频电场，产生氩等离子体。 Driving high frequency power source 54, by applying a high frequency electric field of 13.56MHz, argon plasma is generated. 然后，驱动偏置电源55而对衬底53施加电压(-200V)，并对Ar离子照射10分钟，从而对MgO保护层的表面进行溅射。 Then, the driving bias power source 55 is applied to the substrate 53 voltage (-200 V), and irradiated with Ar ions for 10 minutes so that the surface of the MgO protective layer is sputtered.
通过这种溅射，即可在MgO保护层的表面上形成棱锥状的凹凸。 By this sputtering, pyramid-shaped projections can be formed on the surface of the MgO protective layer.
另外，通过对溅射时间或施加电压等的调整，可以控制在表面上形成的凹凸的尺寸。 Further, by adjusting sputtering time and the applied voltage or the like, it can control the size of irregularities formed on the surface. 在形成该凹凸时，使所形成的表面粗糙度为30nm～100nm左右，被认为是适当的。 When forming the irregularities formed on the surface roughness of about 30nm ~ 100nm, it is considered appropriate.
通过上述溅射在表面上形成的凹凸呈现出棱锥状的情况，可以用扫描电子显微镜进行确认。 Irregularities formed on the surface by the sputtering exhibits pyramid-shaped case can be confirmed using a scanning electron microscope.
进行了上述处理后的保护层，具有如下所述的特征及效果。 The protective layer is carried out after the above process, having the following features and effects.
(1)由于MgO保护层的结晶结构为面取向或面取向，所以二次电子的发射系数(γ值)大。 (1) Because the crystal structure of the MgO protective layer has a plane orientation or a plane orientation, the coefficient of secondary emission electrons (gamma] value) is large. 因此，有助于降低PDP的驱动电压及提高板的亮度。 This contributes to reduction in driving voltage and increase the brightness of the PDP panel.
(2)由于MgO保护层的表面为棱锥状的凹凸结构，所以放电时电场集中在凸部的顶部，因而将从该顶部发射出更多的电子。 (2) Since the surface of the MgO protective layer is a pyramid-shaped projections of the structure, the discharge electric field is concentrated at the top of the convex portion, and thus more electrons emitted from the top. 因此，容易发生条形辉光放电或第2型辉光放电，且能稳定地发生上述形态的放电。 Thus, prone filamentary glow discharge or the second glow discharge, the above-described aspect and can discharge occurs stably.
并且，当稳定地发生条形辉光放电或第2型辉光放电时，与以往那样的发生第1型辉光放电的情况相比，在局部也能获得高的等离子密度，由此可知在放电空间内可产生更多的紫外线(主要波长为172nm)，因而可以得到高的板的亮度。 And, when the filamentary glow discharge occurs stably or the second glow discharge, as compared with the case of the occurrence of a first type of a conventional glow discharge, can be obtained in a high local plasma density, it can be seen in may be generated in the discharge space more ultraviolet light (main wavelength of 172nm), it is possible to obtain a high luminance panel.
(对辉光放电的形态的说明)这里，说明条形辉光放电及第2型辉光放电。 (Description of the shape of the glow discharge) Here, the bar-type glow discharge and the second glow discharge 2.
关于「条形辉光放电」及「第2型辉光放电」，在放电手册(电气学会平成1年6月1日发行p138)中，有如下说明。 About "filamentary glow discharge" and "second glow discharge", in the discharge manual (Institute of Electrical year Heisei issued June 1 p138), the following instructions.
『在J.Phys.D.Appl.Phys.，Vol.13 p.1886(1970)的论文中，Kekez、Barrault和Craggs说明了放电状态向飞弧、汤姆森放电、第1型辉光放电、第2型辉光放电和弧光放电的转移。 "In the J.Phys.D.Appl.Phys., Vol.13 p.1886 (1970) paper, Kekez, Barrault, and Craggs illustrate the discharge state to flashover, Thomson discharge, the first glow discharge, second glow discharge and arc discharge transition. 』图4是表示在该论文中所阐明的瞬态辉光、弧光转移的电流波形的曲线图。 "FIG. 4 is a graph showing the paper as set forth in transient glow transferred arc current waveform.
第1型辉光放电相当于通常的辉光放电，第2型辉光放电相当于放电能量正在集中供给阳极光柱时的放电。 First glow discharge corresponds to the normal glow discharge, glow discharge corresponds to the second type of discharge is concentrated at the discharge energy supplied to the anode beam.
在图4中，第1型辉光放电，发生在电流值较低且稳定的ta～tc时段，第2型辉光放电，发生在td～te时段。 In FIG. 4, the first glow discharge is caused in the lower current value and stable period ta ~ tc, second glow discharge is caused in the period td ~ te. 条形辉光放电，发生在从第1型辉光放电向第2型辉光放电转移的tc～td时段。 Filamentary glow discharge is caused in the discharge period tc ~ td from the first glow discharge to the second glow transfer. 然后，从第2型辉光放电转入弧光放电。 Then, the second glow discharge into the arc discharge.
与上述第1型辉光放电稳定进行不同，条形辉光放电和第2型辉光放电，电流不稳定，所以向弧光放电转移的可能性高，但如果转移到弧光放电，则放电气体将随着发热而发生热电离，因而这种转移是不希望发生的。 Different stability, stripe type glow discharge and the second glow discharge current is unstable, so a high possibility that the discharge arc transfer, but if the transfer to the arc discharge, the discharge gas with the above-described first glow discharge with the heat generation thermal ionization occurs, so this transfer is undesirable.
可是，以往的PDP中的放电，以第1型辉光放电进行，但在本实施形态中，则认定条形辉光放电或第2型辉光放电也能比较稳定地发生。 However, the conventional PDP, discharge to be first glow discharge, but in the present embodiment, the identified filamentary glow discharge or the second glow discharge can occur relatively stable. 因此，必须预计到应使放电的阳极光柱的电子密度提高，并集中供给能量，从而可以增加紫外线的发射量。 Therefore, it is necessary that the electron density is expected to be a positive column discharge is increased, the supply of energy and focus, thus increasing the amount of ultraviolet rays.
(关于放电气体中的封入压力与发光效率的关系)说明通过将放电气体的封入压力设定为比以往高的106.65～533.28kPa范围而使发光效率提高的原因。 (Relationship between pressure and enclosed in the luminous efficiency of the discharge gas) is illustrated by the enclosed discharge gas pressure is set to be higher than the conventional reasons 106.65 ~ 533.28kPa range of the light emission efficiency is improved.
首先，考虑到如将封入压力设定得高则有利于发生上述条形辉光放电和第2型辉光放电的放电形态，所以，可以举出这一点作为紫外线发射量增加的一个原因。 First, considering the filling pressure is set as will facilitate the discharge of the high aspect bar glow discharge and the second glow discharge occurs, it is possible to include a reason for this increased amount of ultraviolet emission.
其次，可以举出的另一点是，如下文所述，能使紫外线的波长向长波长侧(154nm及173nm)移动。 Next, another point is that there may be mentioned, as described below, can move the UV wavelength to a longer wavelength (154nm and 173nm).
作为PDP的紫外线的发光机理，大致有谐振线和分子线两种。 Ultraviolet light-emitting mechanism of a PDP, generally have two kinds of resonance lines and molecular lines.
以往，由于放电气体的封入压力在66.66kPa以下，所以发自Xe的紫外光主要波长为147nm(Xe原子的谐振线)，但通过将封入压力设定在101.32kPa以上，可以使长波长的173nm(Xe分子的分子线激励波长)的比例增大。 Conventionally, since the discharge gas pressure in the enclosed 66.66kPa or less, from the bottom of the main Xe ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 147nm (resonance line of Xe atoms), but sealed by the pressure was set at 101.32kPa or more, the long wavelength 173nm ratio (molecular beam of Xe molecules excitation wavelength) is increased. 并且，与波长147nm的谐振线相比，能使波长154nm及173nm的分子线的比例增大。 And, compared to the wavelength of the resonance line 147nm, 154nm wavelength can be increased and the proportion of molecular lines of 173nm.
图5是表示当在采用了He-Xe系列放电气体的PDP中封入气体压力变化时所发射的紫外线波长与发光量的关系如何变化的特性图，该图引自「O Plus E No.195 1996年的P.98」。 FIG 5 is a graph showing how the relationship between the amount of light emission in the ultraviolet wavelength when using a series PDP He-Xe discharge gas is sealed gas pressure variation emitted by the change, which is taken from FIG. "O Plus E No.195 1996 P.98 years. "
在该图中，曲线图的波长147nm(谐振线)及波长173nm(分子线)的峰值面积，表示发光量。 In the figure, the wavelength 147nm (resonance line) and a wavelength of 173nm (molecular line) of the peak area of the graph, represents the amount of light emission. 因此，从上述的峰值面积即可知道各波长的相对发光量。 Accordingly, from the peak area to know the relative amount of each light emission wavelengths.
在13.33kPa的压力下，波长147nm(谐振线)的发光量占了大部分，但随着压力的增大，波长173nm(分子线)的发光量比例增加，在66.66kPa的压力下，波长173nm(分子线)的发光量变得大于波长147nm(谐振线)的发光量了。 At a pressure of 13.33kPa, the emission wavelength of 147nm (resonance line) accounted for most, but as the pressure increases, the proportion of the amount of light emission wavelength of 173nm (molecular line) increases, at a pressure of 66.66kPa of 173nm wavelength (molecular beam) of the light emission amount becomes larger than the amount of light emission wavelength of 147nm (resonance line) of the.
如上所述，随着紫外线波长向长波长侧移动，可以取得(1)紫外线发射量增大、及(2)荧光体变换效率提高的效果。 As described above, as the ultraviolet wavelength shifted to the long wavelength side, can be obtained (1) ultraviolet light emission amount increases, and (2) the conversion efficiency of the phosphor is improved. 以下，分别进行说明。 The following were described.
(1)紫外线发射量增大图6是表示Xe的能级和各种反应路径的图。 (1) increasing the amount of ultraviolet rays emitted FIG. 6 shows energy levels and various reactive path of Xe.
当存在于原子内的电子从某个能级向另一能级移动时发射谐振线，所以在Xe的情况下主要发射147nm的紫外线。 Emission resonance line when present in the atomic electrons move from one level to another level, so that in the case of Xe, mainly emits ultraviolet rays of 147nm.
但是，对于谐振线，存在着所谓感应吸收的现象，所以发射出的紫外光的一部分被基态的Xe吸收。 However, the resonance line, the presence of the so-called phenomenon of induced absorption, the Xe emits in the ultraviolet portion of the ground state absorption. 这种现象一般被称作自身吸收。 This phenomenon is generally referred to as self-absorbed.
另一方面，如图6所示，在分子线中，当被激励的2个原子靠近到一定的距离以内时发射紫外线，而2个原子返回基态。 On the other hand, as shown in Figure 6, the line in the molecule, the ultraviolet rays emitted when excited near the two atoms to within a certain distance, the two atoms return to the ground state. 因此，几乎看不到吸收现象。 Therefore, almost invisible absorption phenomena.
为定性地确认上述情况，进行如下的简单理论计算，并与实验结果进行比较。 Is qualitatively confirm the above situation, the following simple theoretical calculation, and compared with the experimental results.
首先，设电子密度为ne、原子密度为n0，则谐振线的发生量(V147)可表示为V147＝a·ne·n0设吸收系数为b(通常为10-6左右)、等离子体长度为l，则吸收量(Vabs)可表示为Vabs＝exp(-b·n·l)另一方面，分子线，通过处于激励状态的Xe原子彼此接近而生成，所以其发生量(V172)为V172＝C·n4+d·n3～C·n4。 First, the electron density is set NE, atom density n0, the generation amount (V147) of the resonant lines may be expressed as V147 = a · ne · n0 disposed absorption coefficient b (typically about 10-6), the length of the plasma l, the absorption (Vabs reaches) can be expressed as Vabs = exp (-b · n · l) On the other hand, molecular lines, by Xe atoms approach each other in the excited state is generated, so the generation amount (V172) of V172 = C · n4 + d · n3 ~ C · n4. 对于分子线几乎不存在吸收，所以，如考虑到几何学的物理散射，则V172＝C·n4-n2/3因此，总紫外线量V为V＝a·ne·n0-c·exp(-b·n·l)+C·n4-n2/3而式中的a、b、c为任意常数。 The molecular absorption lines hardly exists, therefore, such as consideration of the physical scattering geometry, the V172 = C · n4-n2 / 3 Thus, the total amount of ultraviolet V is V = a · ne · n0-c · exp (-b · n · l) + C · n4-n2 / 3 in the formula a, b, c are arbitrary constants.
将与放电气体压力变化对应的谐振线、分子线、总紫外线的计算值以图7的曲线图示出。 Calcd corresponding resonance lines and molecular lines with a total UV will change the discharge gas pressure 7 shows a graph. 从图7可以看到，横轴虽为任意轴，但为了充分显示出分子线的效果，需要一定程度以上的气体压力。 As seen in Figure 7, although the horizontal axis is an arbitrary axis, but in order to sufficiently exhibit the effect of molecular lines, require more than a certain level of gas pressure.
另外，作为放电气体，采用在PDP中通常使用的Ne(95％)-Xe(5％)，通过真空室实验检查了与气体压力对应的紫外线输出，该实验结果，如图7中的符号●所示，示出了与上述理论预侧近似的特性。 Further, as a discharge gas, Ne using generally used in the PDP (95%) - Xe (5%), through the vacuum chamber experiments examined the gas pressure corresponding to the ultraviolet output, this experimental result, the symbol ● shown in FIG. 7 , there is shown the characteristic of the above-described pre-side theoretical approximation.
(2)荧光体变换效率提高图8(a)、(b)、(c)是表示对各色荧光体的激励波长与相对发射效率的关系的特性图。 (2) improve the conversion efficiency of the phosphor of FIG. 8 (a), (b), (c) is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the excitation wavelength of the phosphor of each color and relative emission efficiency. 该图引自「O Plus E No.195 1996年的P.99」。 The figure quoted in "O Plus E No.195 in 1996 P.99."
从该图8可以看出，无论是哪一种颜色的荧光体，长波长173nm的相对发射效率都要比波长147nm的大。 As can be seen from FIG. 8, no matter what kind of color of the phosphor, the emission efficiency of relatively long wavelength of 173nm to be larger than the wavelength of 147nm.
因此，当紫外线波长从147nm(Xe的谐振线)向长波长的173nm(Xe原子的分子线)移动而使长波长的比例增大时，可以显示出荧光体的发光效率也随之增大的趋势。 Therefore, when the proportion of ultraviolet wavelength is increased from 147nm (resonance line of Xe) (molecular beam of Xe atoms) moves to the long wavelength 173nm long wavelength, light emission may exhibit efficiency of the phosphor is also increased trend.
(封入压力、发光效率、及放电电压之间的关系)从上述图7的全紫外线的变化趋势可以作如下的进一步的考察。 (Relationship between the gas pressure is, light emission efficiency, and the discharge voltage) from the changing trend of the whole ultraviolet Figure 7 described above may be further investigated as follows.
当气体压力在53.32～133.32kPa的范围时，紫外线输出随气体压力的增加而增加，但在133.32kPa附近达到饱和状态，紫外线输出几乎不再增加。 The gas pressure in the range of 53.32 ~ 133.32kPa, UV output with increasing gas pressure increased, but when near saturation 133.32kPa, hardly increased UV output.
当接着使气体压力进一步增加时，从186.65kPa附近开始紫外线输出再度增加，并持续增加到超过266.64kPa的附近区域。 Then, when the gas pressure is further increased, once again to increase UV output 186.65kPa from near the beginning, and continues to increase over the 266.64kPa vicinity.
当使气体压力从该区域起进一步增加时，紫外线输出的增加呈现出变得稍微平缓的区域，这可以认为是因为物理散射等造成的影响。 When the gas pressure is further increased from this region exhibits increased UV output becomes somewhat flat area, which can be considered as a physical influence caused by scattering.
另外，在图7中虽未示出，但正如从上述理论式可以预计到的，即使当进一步使气体压力增加而超过该区域时，紫外线输出仍会增加。 Further, although not shown in FIG. 7, but as can be expected from the above theoretical formula, even when the gas pressure is further increased beyond this region, it will increase the UV output.
根据以上的考察，可以将放电气体的最理想的封入压力范围(106.65～533.28kPa)进一步分成4个区域，即106.65～133.32kPa(区域1)、186.65～373.30kPa(区域2)、373.30～533.28kPa(区域3)、266.64～533.28kPa(区域4)。 Ideally enclosed pressure range (106.65 ~ 533.28kPa) According to the above consideration, the discharge gas may be further divided into four regions, i.e. 106.65 ~ 133.32kPa (zone 1), 186.65 ~ 373.30kPa (zone 2), 373.30 ~ 533.28 kPa (zone 3), 266.64 ~ 533.28kPa (zone 4).
就126.65kPa这一数值而言，虽然从原理上说只要超过101.32KPa就能产生效果，但考虑到例如封入时的温度高于室温等制造时的条件，因而从工业的角度出发设定为这一数值。 In terms of 126.65kPa this value, although can be effective as long as more than 101.32KPa, but taking into account, for example, sealed-fitting temperature is higher than room temperature, and other manufacturing conditions, and therefore from the industrial point of view in principle for this set a value.
关于这4个区域，可以考察如下。 About four regions can be investigated as follows.
当只考虑紫外线输出量时，压力最高的区域4当然应认为是最佳的。 When considering only the ultraviolet output, the maximum pressure region 4 it should of course be considered optimal.
另一方面，在PDP中，放电起始电压Vf，可以表示为封入压力P与电极间距离d的乘积[Pd乘积]的函数，并称之为帕邢定律(可参照：电子显示器件，オ-ム社，昭和59年，P113～114)。 On the other hand, in the PDP, the discharge starting voltage Vf, can be expressed as the product [Pd product] was enclosed between the pressure P and the electrode distance d functions, and called Paschen's law (which may refer to: an electronic display device, Bio - Charm Corporation, 1984, P113 ~ 114). 并且，当气体压力升高时，Pd乘积和放电电压有升高的倾向。 Further, when the gas pressure is increased, Pd product and the discharge voltage tends to rise. 这里，如将电极间距离设定得较小则可以抑制Pd乘积，但随着电极间距离d的缩小，将需要更高级的电介质绝缘技术。 Here, as the distance between the electrodes is set smaller Pd product can be suppressed, but with reduced inter-electrode distance d, will need more advanced dielectric isolation techniques.
因此，应考虑到技术难度将按区域1、2、3、4的顺序增加。 Thus, taking into account the technical difficulty will increase the order of the regions 1, 2,.
例如，在图7中，与图中的A相当的PDP，放电起始电压为200V，与图中的B相当的PDP，放电起始电压为450V。 For example, in FIG. 7, the figure A corresponding to the PDP, the discharge starting voltage was 200V, the corresponding figure B the PDP, the discharge starting voltage was 450V.
由此可知，与区域1对应的PDP，放电起始电压大体上在250V以下，因而可以利用现有的PDP的电介质绝缘技术或驱动电路的耐压技术，但在区域3或区域4的PDP的情况下，为了将电极间距离d设定得相当小，就需要高级的技术，因而将导致成本的增加。 It can be seen, the region corresponding to the PDP 1, discharge starting voltage is generally at 250V or less, it is possible to use the conventional PDP electrical medium voltage insulation technology or technology drive circuit, but in the region or area of the PDP 3 of 4 case, in order to inter-electrode distance d is set to be relatively small, it requires advanced technology, which will result in an increase in cost.
(关于放电气体的组成、发光效率及放电电压)如上所述，通过对放电气体的组成采用含有氦[He]、氖[Ne]、氙[Xe]、氩[Ar]的稀有气体混合物并使氙的含量在5体积％以下、氩的含量在0.5体积％以下、氦的含量小于55体积％，则即使是以高压封入时，也能以较低的放电起始电压(250V以下，最好在220V以下)进行驱动。 (Composition of the light-emitting efficiency and discharge voltage on the discharge gas) As described above, by using the composition of the discharge gas containing helium [of He], neon [Ne], xenon [Xe], argon [Ar] and a rare gas mixture xenon content of at most 5 vol%, the content of argon at 0.5% by volume, of helium under 55% by volume, even if the high pressure seal is fashionable, can be (250V or less at a lower discharge starting voltage, preferably in 220V or less) drive.
即，通过采用上述组成的气体，与以往采用组成为Ne(95％)-Xe(5％)或He(95％)-Xe(5％)的气体的情况相比，可以显著地降低放电起始电压。 That is, by employing the gas in the composition, the conventional use of a composition of Ne (95%) - Xe (5%) or He (95%) - where gas is Xe (5%) compared to significantly reduce the discharge from the threshold voltage.
以下，根据实验对这一点进行更为详细的说明。 The following, according to the experiment on this point in more detail.
(实验1：与放电气体组成有关的预备实验)根据本实施形态的PDP进行制作，即将其设定为图9的表中列出的各种放电气体的组成，且改变Pd乘积而将其设定为各种不同的值，并测定了放电起始电压。 (Experiment 1: Experiment preliminary discharge gas composition related) was produced according to the PDP of the present embodiment, which is about to set the composition of a discharge gas of various tables listed in FIG. 9, and to change the setting Pd product set to various values, and the discharge starting voltage was measured.
Pd乘积的设定方式为，将电极间隔d设定为20、40、60、120μm，同时使气体压力P在13.32～333.39kPa范围内变化。 Pd product is set as the mode, the electrode interval d is set to 20,40,60,120μm, while the gas pressure P vary in the range of 13.32 ~ 333.39kPa.
这里，当设定为小的Pd乘积时，主要使用较小的电极间隔d(例如当Pd乘积为1～4时，将电极间隔d设定为20μm、将压力P设定为66.66～333.30kPa左右)，当设定为较大的Pd乘积时，主要使用较大的电极间隔d(60、120μm)，从而设定为各种Pd乘积值。 Here, when Pd product is set to be small, the main use of a smaller electrode spacing d (e.g., when Pd product is 1 to 4, the electrode interval of 20 m is set to d, the pressure P is set to 66.66 ~ 333.30kPa left and right), when Pd product is set large, the main use of larger electrode spacing d (60,120μm), thereby setting the product Pd various values.
图9的曲线图，示出本实验的结果，并表示出Pd乘积与放电起始电压的关系。 FIG 9 is a graph showing the results of this experiment, and shows the relationship between Pd product and the firing voltage.
另外，在图9的表中，还列出对采用了各种气体组成的其Pd乘积为4左右(封入压力为266.64kPa)的PDP的亮度测定值(放电电压为250V左右)。 Further, in the table of FIG. 9 also lists the luminance values thereof measured using a variety of Pd product gas composition is about 4 (enclosed pressure of 266.64kPa) of the PDP (discharge voltage is about 250V).
结果和考察：从图9的表可以看出，He-Xe系列或He-Ne-Xe系列的亮度比Ne-Xe系列高(尤其是He-Ne-Xe系列达到很高的亮度)，因此，当含有能使电子温度提高的He时，在亮度的提高上是有效的。 Results and Discussion: As can be seen from the table of FIG. 9, the luminance series He-Xe or He-Ne-Xe is higher than the series series Ne-Xe (in particular, He-Ne-Xe series to achieve high brightness), and therefore, when the electron temperature is increased to make containing He, the increase in brightness it is effective.
另外，从图9的曲线图还可以看出，He-Xe系列(符号▲)，显示出放电起始电压比Ne-Xe系列(符号◆)高的倾向，因此在实用上不能进入最佳的放电起始电压的区域(220V以下)。 Further, it can be seen from the graph of FIG. 9, He-Xe series (symbol ▲), showing a tendency to discharge starting voltage higher than the Ne-Xe series (symbol ◆), and therefore can not enter in the best practical discharge start voltage region (220V or less).
另一方面，在图9的曲线图中，可以看出，在Ne-Xe系列内添加了0.1％的Ar的气体(符号○)，与He-Xe系列、Ne-Xe系列、或He-Ne-Xe系列相比，因彭宁效应而使放电起始电压降低，因而其曲线通过放电起始电压在220V以下且Pd乘积为3以上的最佳使用区域。 On the other hand, in the graph of FIG. 9, it can be seen, adding 0.1% of Ar gas (the symbol ○) in the series of Ne-Xe, and He-Xe series, series Ne-Xe, or He-Ne -Xe series compared Penning effect due to the discharge starting voltage is decreased, and thus the discharge starting voltage curve at 220V or less and the product Pd of 3 or more optimal use area.
但是，在Ne-Xe系列内添加了0.5％的Ar的气体(符号■)，其放电起始电压没有多大的降低。 However, in the series of Ne-Xe gas Ar was added a 0.5% (symbol ■), which discharge start voltage is not much reduced. 由此可见，为降低放电起始电压，可添加较少量的Ar(0.5％以下)。 Thus, to reduce the discharge start voltage, to add a relatively small amount of Ar (0.5% or less).
在图9中，之所以将Pd乘积为3以上的范围作为最佳的使用区域，是因为目前很难将电极的间隔设定在10μm以下，所以从实用考虑最好将Pd乘积设定在3以上的范围。 In Figure 9, the reason why the Pd product in the range of 3 or more as the best use region, is difficult because the distance between the electrodes is set at 10μm or less, it is considered preferable from a practical Pd product is set at 3 above range.
从上述可知，在将He与Ne-Xe系列混合时，发光效率提高但存在着放电起始电压升高的倾向，如在其中进一步混合Ar，则既可以降低放电电压又能使发光效率得到同等的提高。 From the above, when He and Ne-Xe mixed series, luminous efficiency is improved, but there is a tendency to increase the discharge starting voltage, wherein there is further mixed as Ar, the discharge voltage may be decreased and luminous efficiency can equally It improved. 这里，可以推察出Ar的量只须较少的量即可。 Here, the amount can be pushed observed only a small amount of Ar can.
在本实验中，通过使气体压力P在13.32～333.30kPa的范围内变化而进行了Pd乘积的设定，但即使将气体压力P设定在333.32～533.28kPa的范围内，也仍能得到与图9的曲线图同样的结果。 In this experiment, Pd product and carried out by setting the gas pressure P is varied in the range of 13.32 ~ 333.30kPa, but even if the gas pressure P is set in a range 333.32 ~ 533.28kPa also still obtained the same result graph of FIG. 9.
另外，在Xe的含有率低的范围(10％以下的范围)内，已知Xe的量与发光效率大致存在着成比例的关系，但通过实验已确认，即使是上述各种组成的放电气体，如Xe的量变化，则发光效率也随之而变化。 Further, in the low range containing Xe (10% or less), a known amount of Xe and light emission efficiency substantially proportional relationship exists, it has been experimentally confirmed that, even when the discharge gas is composed of the above as the amount of Xe is changed, the emission efficiency also will vary.
(实验2：He-Ne-Xe-Ar系列气体与Ne-Xe系列气体的比较)PDP的制作方式是，在上述实施形态的PDP中，作为放电气体采用了He(30％)-Ne(67.9％)-Xe(2％)-Ar(0.1％)(称作「放电气体A」)、及Ne(95％)-Xe(5％)(称作「放电气体Z」)，在这两种情况下，将Pd乘积改变和设定为各种不同的值，并测定了放电起始电压。 (Experiment 2: Comparison of He-Ne-Xe-Ar series gas and Ne-Xe series gas) PDP production methods, in the PDP of the above embodiment, the discharge gas using He (30%) - Ne (67.9 %) - Xe (2%) - Ar (0.1%) (referred to as "discharge gas A") and Ne (95%) - Xe (5%) (referred to as "discharge gas Z"), in both case, Pd product is set and changed to various values, and the discharge starting voltage was measured.
Pd乘积的设定，以与上述实验1相同的方式进行，即，将电极间隔d设定为20、40、60、120μm，同时使气体压力P在13.33～333.30kPa范围内变化。 Pd product is set in the same manner as in the above experiment 1, i.e., the electrode interval d is set to 20,40,60,120μm, while the gas pressure P vary in the range of 13.33 ~ 333.30kPa.
图10是表示本实验的结果、即Pd乘积与放电起始电压的关系的曲线图。 FIG 10 shows the results of this experiment, i.e., the product of Pd graph showing the relationship of the discharge start voltage.
从该曲线图可以看出，在放电气体Z的情况下，如果将Pd乘积从12减小到4左右，则可将放电起始电压从450V降低到320V、即降低130V左右。 As can be seen from this graph, in the case of discharge gas Z, if Pd product is reduced from 12 to about 4, the discharge starting voltage can be reduced from 450V to 320V, i.e. reduced by about 130V.
另一方面，可以看出，在放电气体A的情况下，即使Pd乘积同样是12，但与放电气体Z相比，也可将放电起始电压降低130V左右，而如果将Pd乘积从12减小到4左右，可以进一步将放电起始电压降低90V左右。 On the other hand, it can be seen, in the case of discharge gas A, even if Pd product is 12 Also, compared with the discharge gas Z, the firing voltage can be reduced by about 130V, and if Pd product is reduced from 12 small to about 4, the discharge starting voltage can be further reduced by about 90V.
因此，如采用放电气体A，则即使是将封入压力设定得高的情况下，尽管电极间距离d没有多大的减小，也能将放电电压降低到实用的电平。 Thus, using such discharge gas A, even if the filling pressure is set at high, there is not much reduced although the distance d between the electrodes, the discharge voltage can be reduced to a practical level.
通过另外进行的发光效率的比较实验已经确认，当采用放电气体A时，即使是使用比采用放电气体Z时低得多的电压也能实现同等的亮度，当采用放电气体A时，可以获得大约为采用放电气体Z时的1.5倍的发光效率。 Has been confirmed by a comparative experiment performed luminous efficiency Further, when using a discharge gas A, even with the use of a discharge gas Z than a much lower voltage to achieve equivalent brightness, when using a discharge gas A, can be obtained about light-emitting efficiency is 1.5 times the time of discharge gas Z.
可以认为，上述放电气体A的效果，是通过将在实验1中所述的因含有He而使发光效率提高及因添加少量Ar而使放电电压减低两方面结合而获得的。 It is believed that the effect of the discharge gas A, by reducing the voltage in binding due to the presence of both He and the luminous efficiency is improved by the addition of a small amount of Ar in the discharge of the experiment 1 is obtained.
从本实验的结果可以看出，采用He-Ne-Xe-Ar系列混合气体作为放电气体并已确定最好是使Xe的含量在5体积％以下、Ar的含量在0.5体积％以下，对发光效率的提高及放电电压的降低是有效的。 From the results of this experiment, using the He-Ne-Xe-Ar-based mixed gas as discharge gas has been determined, and it is desirable that the content of Xe of 5 volume% or less, the content of Ar 0.5% by volume or less, the light-emitting improve the efficiency and lower the discharge voltage is effective.
在本实验中，通过使气体压力P在13.33～333.30kPa的范围内变化而进行了Pd乘积的设定，但即使将气体压力P设定在333.30～533.28kPa的范围内，也仍能得到与图10的曲线图同样的结果。 In this experiment, Pd product and carried out by setting the gas pressure P is varied in the range of 13.33 ~ 333.30kPa, but even if the gas pressure P is set in a range 333.30 ~ 533.28kPa also still obtained the same result graph 10 of FIG.
(实验3：关于He-Ne-Xe系列气体及He-Ne-Xe-Ar系列气体)PDP的制作方式是，在上述实施形态的PDP(电极间距离d＝40μm)中，作为放电气体采用了He(50％)-Ne(48％)-Xe(2％)、He(50％)-Ne(48％)-Xe(2％)-Ar(0.1％)、He(30％)-Ne(68％)-Xe(2％)、He(30％)-Ne(67.9％)-Xe(2％)-Ar(0.1％)的各种组成的气体，并将Pd乘积改变为各种不同的值。 (Experiment 3: About He-Ne-Xe series gas and a He-Ne-Xe-Ar series gas) PDP production methods, in the PDP in the above-described embodiment (inter-electrode distance d = 40μm), as a discharge gas employed He (50%) - Ne (48%) - Xe (2%), He (50%) - Ne (48%) - Xe (2%) - Ar (0.1%), He (30%) - Ne ( 68%) - Xe (2%), He (30%) - Ne (67.9%) - Xe (2%) - Ar (0.1%) of various gas composition and Pd product change for a variety of value. 然后，对制成的各PDP，测定了亮度及放电起始电压。 Then, each sample PDP was measured for the luminance and the discharge starting voltage.
在图11的表中，对采用了各种组成气体的其Pd乘积为4左右(封入压力为266.64kPa)的PDP列出其亮度的测定值(放电电压为250V)。 In the table of FIG. 11, the use is made of various constituent gases Pd product is about 4 (enclosed pressure of 266.64kPa) lists the measured values of a PDP of luminance (discharge voltage is 250V).
与上述图9的表中对He-Xe系列、Ne-Xe-Ar系列的气体所列出的亮度测定值相比，在图11的表中列出的亮度测定值都呈现出相当高的值。 The table of FIG. 9 as compared to the luminance measurement value series He-Xe, Ne-Xe-Ar gas listed series, luminance evaluation value listed in the table of FIG. 11 emerged relatively high value . 由此可知，采用He-Ne-Xe系列气体及He-Ne-Xe-Ar系列气体，在亮度的提高上是有效的。 It can be seen, the use of He-Ne-Xe gas and a series of He-Ne-Xe-Ar gas series, the increase in brightness is effective.
图11示出放电起始电压的测定结果，是对各组成气体表示出Pd乘积与放电起始电压的关系的曲线图。 Figure 11 shows the measurement results of the discharge starting voltage, a graph showing the relationship of the components shown Pd product gas and the discharge start voltage.
从该曲线图和表可以看出，与He-Ne-Xe系列的放电气体相比，在其中添加少量Ar的放电气体，其放电起始电压降低且亮度也有一定提高。 As can be seen from this graph and table, as compared with the discharge gas He-Ne-Xe series, added thereto a small amount of Ar discharge gas, the discharge starting voltage is decreased and the brightness is slightly improved.
尤其是，如果采用He(30％)-Ne(67.9％)-Xe(2％)-Ar(0.1％)的气体，则不仅亮度较为良好，且如果将Pd乘积设定在0.4～0.8(kPa·cm)左右的范围内(例如，电极间距离d＝60μm、封入压力为133.32kPa)，则可以将放电起始电压降低到实用上最佳的放电起始电压区域(220V以下)。 In particular, if He (30%) - Ne (67.9%) - Xe (2%) - Ar (0.1%) gas, not only relatively good brightness, and if Pd product is set to 0.4 ~ 0.8 (kPa in the range of · cm) or so (e.g., inter-electrode distance d = 60μm, enclosed pressure of 133.32kPa), the discharge starting voltage can be reduced to the optimum discharge starting voltage area (220V or less) practically.
另外，还可以看出，在该气体组成的情况下，在Pd乘积为4左右时，放电起始电压呈现出最小值，所以最好将Pd乘积设定在4(例如，当封入压力为266.64kPa时，电极间距离d＝20μm)左右。 Further, it can be seen, in the case of this gas composition, when Pd product is about four, the firing voltage exhibits the minimum value, it is preferable that Pd product is set to 4 (e.g., when the enclosed pressure of 266.64 kPa, the inter-electrode distance d = 20μm) about.
在本实验中，在各种组成的气体内将Xe的量设定为2％，而当Xe的量设定为10％以下的其他值时，放电起始电压的绝对值虽然改变，但可以得到与图11所示曲线图相同的趋势。 In this experiment, the gas within the various compositions of the amount of Xe is set to 2% when the amount of Xe is set to another value of 10% or less, the absolute value of discharge start voltage changes though, but graph to obtain the same trend shown in FIG. 11.
另外，在本实验中，He的含量设定在50％以下，但从另外进行的实验已知，在上述的He-Ne-Xe-Ar系列的放电气体中，如将He的含量设定在55体积％以上，则存在着使放电电压变得相当高的倾向。 Further, in this experiment, the proportion of He is set at 50%, but further experiments carried out are known, in the above-described He-Ne-Xe-Ar discharge gas series, as the proportion of He is set at 55% by volume or more, there is a considerably high discharge voltage becomes a tendency.
因此，为了降低放电电压，最好将He的含量限定在55体积％以下。 Thus, to reduce the discharge voltage, the proportion of He is preferably 55 vol% or less is defined.
(实验4：He-Ne-Xe-Ar系列气体中的Ar量的实验)为了检查4种混合气体中的氩的最佳量，进行了如下实验，即在He(30％)-Ne((68-X)％)-Xe(2％)-Ar(X％)的气体中，测定当按X＝0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1变化时的放电起始电压及发光效率。 (Experiment 4: The experiment of the amount of Ar He-Ne-Xe-Ar series gas) in order to check the optimum amount of argon four kinds of mixed gas, the following experiment was carried out, i.e. in He (30%) - Ne (( 68-X)%) - Xe (2%) - Ar (X%) of the gas, when the measured discharge starting voltage and luminous efficiency by X = 0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1 is changed.
发光效率的测定，是使从驱动电路对放电板施加的放电保持电压为Vm，并测定此时流过的电流I，接着用亮度计测定亮度L(设此时的亮度测定面积为S)，并按下列的式1求出发光效率η。 Measurement of the luminescence efficiency, the driving circuit is a discharge panel applied to the voltage Vm of the maintaining discharge, and measuring the current flowing at that time I, followed by the luminance measured with a luminance L (luminance measurement area is provided at this time is S), 1 is determined according to the following formula emission efficiency η.
η＝π·S·L/Vm·I ...(1)图12示出其结果的一例、即将封入压力设定为266.64kPa时的曲线图。 η = π · S · L / Vm · I ... (1) FIG. 12 shows an example of the result, i.e. the pressure is set enclosed graph when 266.64kPa.
从该图可以看出，就发光效率而言，在Ar量为0.1％以下的范围内，基本保持一定，在0.1％～0.5％的范围内，随着Ar量的增加，发光效率缓慢降低，当超过0.5％时，随着Ar量的增加而急剧降低。 As can be seen from this figure, in terms of light emission efficiency, Ar in an amount of 0.1% or less, substantially constant, in the range of 0.1% to 0.5%, with the increase in the amount of Ar, the emission efficiency gradually decreases, when more than 0.5%, with an increase in the amount of Ar drastically reduced.
另一方面，还可以看出，对于放电起始电压，在Ar量为0.1％时，具有最小值，在0.1％～0.5％的范围内，随着Ar量的增加，发光效率逐渐增加，当超过0.5％时，随着Ar量的增加而急剧升高。 On the other hand, can also be seen, the discharge starting voltage, when the proportion of Ar is 0.1%, has a minimum value in the range of 0.1% to 0.5%, with the increase in the amount of Ar, the emission efficiency gradually increased, when when more than 0.5%, with the increase in the amount of Ar sharply increases.
由此可知，Ar量的添加量最好设定在0.5％以下。 This indicates that the addition amount of the amount of Ar is preferably set at 0.5% or less.
对于He量或Xe量改变的情况，图中虽未示出，但即使发光效率或放电起始电压的绝对值改变，也可以得到与图12的曲线图相同的结果。 He or Xe in the case of the amount of change in the amount of, although not shown in FIG., But even the absolute value of the light emission efficiency or changing the discharge start voltage can be obtained with the same graph of FIG. 12 results. 另外，即使将封入压力设定在常压附近，也能获得与上述图12的曲线相同的结果。 Further, even when the filling pressure is set in the vicinity of atmospheric pressure, can be obtained with the above-described graph of FIG. 12 the same result. 另外，即使将封入压力设定在常压附近，也能获得与上述图12的曲线相同的结果。 Further, even when the filling pressure is set in the vicinity of atmospheric pressure, can be obtained with the above-described graph of FIG. 12 the same result.
(实施形态2)图13是本实施形态的交流表面放电型PDP的简略断面图。 (Embodiment 2) FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the AC surface discharge type PDP of the present embodiment.
该PDP，与实施形态1的PDP虽然类似，但在实施形态1中，显示电极设在正面板侧，地址电极设在背面板侧，与此不同，在本实施形态中，地址电极61和显示电极63a、63b，隔着第1电介质层62都设在正面板侧。 That the PDP, and the embodiment the PDP 1, although similar, but in Embodiment 1, the display electrodes provided on the front panel side, address electrodes provided on the back plate side, and this, in the present embodiment, the address electrode 61 and display electrodes 63a, 63b, a first dielectric layer interposed therebetween are provided on the front panel 62 side.
在图13中，为了方便，以断面示出一对显示电极63a、63b，但实际上与图1相同，一对显示电极63a、63b，沿着与地址电极61及间壁30交叉的方向设置。 In FIG. 13, for convenience, in section, illustrating a pair of display electrodes 63a, 63b, but practically the same as in FIG. 1, a pair of display electrodes 63a, 63b, disposed along a direction the address electrodes 61 and the partition wall 30 intersect.
在该PDP中，正面板10按照如下方式制作。 In the PDP, the front panel 10 produced as follows.
正面板10的制作方法可以是，在正面玻璃衬底11上形成地址电极51，并在其上用铅基玻璃形成第1电介质层62。 The method of manufacturing the front panel 10 may be, address electrodes 51 formed on the front glass substrate 11, and forming a first dielectric layer 62 with a lead-based glass thereon. 接着，在第1电介质层62的表面上形成显示电极63a、63b，并从显示电极63之上用铅基玻璃形成第2电介质层64。 Next, the display electrodes 63a, 63b on the surface of the first dielectric layer 62, and forming the second dielectric layer 64 from the top of the display electrode 63 with a lead-based glass. 然后，在第2电介质层64的表面上形成由MgO构成的保护层65。 Then, a protective layer 65 made of MgO on the surface of the second dielectric layer 64.
地址电极61、显示电极63a和63b、电介质层62和63、保护层65的材料和形成方法，与在实施形态1中说明过的相同，在本实施形态中，在保护层65的表面上最好也用等离子蚀刻法形成凹凸。 Address electrodes 61, display electrodes 63a and 63b, the dielectric layers 62 and 63, the material of the protective layer 65 and the formation method, and described in Embodiment 1 is the same, in the present embodiment, the surface of the protective layer 65 is most good irregularities are also formed by plasma etching.
在本实施形态中，通过以与实施形态1同样的方式设定放电气体的组成及封入压力，也可以取得与实施形态1中所述的同样效果。 In the present embodiment, by setting the composition in the same manner as in Embodiment 1 and a discharge gas filling pressure, it can also achieve the same effects as those in the embodiment 1, Fig.
另外，在本实施形态中，由于地址电极61和显示电极63a、63b隔着第1电介质层62设置在正面板侧，所以，即使放电气体的封入压力高时，也能以低的地址电压进行寻址。 Further, in the present embodiment, since the address electrode 61 and display electrodes 63a, 63b via the first dielectric layer 62 is provided on the front panel side, so that, even when the enclosed pressure of the discharge gas is high, can be performed with a low address voltage addressing.
即，当如实施形态1所述使放电空间介于地址电极与显示电极之间时，也可以将帕邢定律应用于定址放电。 That is, when the Embodiment 1 as discharge space interposed between the address electrodes and the display electrodes, Paschen's law may be applied to address discharge. 这里，虽然考虑到当缩小地址电极与显示电极之间的距离时即使在低的地址电压下也能进行稳定的定址放电，但实际上不可能缩小得很多，因此，为了进行稳定的定址放电，如放电气体的封入压力设定得高，则必须提高地址电压。 Here, although taken into consideration when narrowing the distance between the address electrodes and the display electrodes even at a low address voltage can be stable address discharge, but it is practically impossible to close too much, so, in order to perform a stable address discharge, the discharge gas filling pressure is set high, the address voltage must be increased.
与此不同，在本实施形态的PDP的情况下，不是使放电空间介于地址电极61与显示电极63a、63b之间，所以，即使放电气体的封入压力设定得高，也能以低的地址电压进行稳定的寻址。 In contrast to this, in the case of the PDP according to the present embodiment, instead of making the address discharge electrode 61 and the space between the display electrodes 63a, 63b between, so that, even when the discharge gas filling pressure is set high, but also at low address stable address voltage.
图14是本实施形态的另一种交流表面放电型PDP的简略断面图。 FIG 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another surface discharge AC type PDP according to the present embodiment.
在上述图13的PDP中，将地址电极61和显示电极63a、63b隔着第1电介质层62设在正面板10侧，但在图14的PDP中，将地址电极71和显示电极73a、73b隔着第1电介质层72设在背面板20侧。 In the PDP in FIG. 13, the address electrodes 61 and display electrodes 63a, 63b via the first dielectric layer 62 is provided on 10 side of the front plate, but in the PDP of FIG. 14, the address electrodes 71 and display electrodes 73a, 73b via a first dielectric layer 72 provided on the back side panel 20.
背面板20的制作方法可以是，在背面玻璃衬底21上形成地址电极71，并在其上用铅基玻璃形成第1电介质层72。 Method for manufacturing back panel 20 may be formed in the address electrodes 71 on the back glass substrate 21, and forming a first dielectric layer 72 with a lead-based glass thereon. 接着，在第1电介质层72的表面上形成显示电极73a、73b，并从显示电极73之上用铅基玻璃形成第2电介质层74。 Next, the display electrodes 73a, 73b on the surface of the first dielectric layer 72, and forming the second dielectric layer 74 from the top of the display electrode 73 with a lead-based glass. 然后，在第2电介质层74的表面上形成由MgO构成的保护层75。 Then, a protective layer 75 made of MgO on the surface of the second dielectric layer 74.
这种PDP，也具有与上述图13的PDP相同的效果。 This PDP, the PDP described above also has the same effect as in FIG. 13.
另外，该PDP，由于将地址电极71和显示电极73a、73b设在背面板侧，所以，在放电空间内发生的可见光，可以从正面射出而不受电极的影响。 Further, the the PDP, since the address electrodes 71 and display electrodes 73a, 73b provided on the back side of the plate, so that the visible light is generated in the discharge space, without being affected by light emitted from the front electrode. 在这一点上，与上述图13的PDP相比，有利于提高亮度。 At this point, compared with the PDP 13 described above, will help improve the brightness.
表1的No.1～6的PDP，是根据实施形态1、2制作的实施例，资料No.1～4的PDP，根据实施形态2的图13制作，资料No.5的PDP，根据实施形态2的图14制作，资料No.6的PDP，则是根据实施形态1制作的。 PDP No.1 ~ 6 Table 1, the embodiment according to Example 1 produced, the information PDP No.1 ~ 4, 13 prepared in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 2, the information PDP No.5, according to the embodiment FIG 14 is prepared form 2, information No.6 of the PDP, according to embodiment 1 is produced.
PDP的单元尺寸，适合于42英寸高清晰度电视机用的显示器，其间壁的高度设定为0.08mm、间壁的间隔(单元间距)设定为0.15mm，并将显示电极间的距离d设定为0.05mm。 PDP cell size, 42 inches is suitable for use in high definition television display, the height of the partition wall is set to 0.08mm, the partition wall interval (cell pitch) is set to 0.15mm, and displays the distance d between the electrodes provided as 0.05mm.
电介质层的形成方法是，将70重量％的氧化铅[PbO]、15重量％的氧化硼[B2O3]、15重量％的氧化硅[SiO2]与有机粘合剂(将10％的乙基纤维素溶解在α-萜品醇内制成)混合，并以网板印刷法涂敷该混合而成的组成物，然后在580°下焙烧10分钟，其膜厚设定为20μm。 The method of forming the dielectric layer is 70% by weight of lead oxide [PbO], 15% by weight of boron oxide [B2O3], 15% by weight of silica [of SiO2] and an organic binder (10% ethyl cellulose α- prime dissolved in terpineol made) were mixed and applied to the screen printing composition are mixed, and then calcined at 580 ° for 10 minutes, the film thickness is set to 20μm.
至于保护层的形成方法，用等离子CVD法形成。 As for the method of forming the protective layer by plasma CVD method. 对所形成的MgO保护层的结晶面进行了X射线分析，结果表明为面或面取向。 Crystal plane of the MgO protective layer is formed by X-ray analysis showed that face or a plane orientation.
所封入的放电气体的组成为He(30％)-Ne(67.9％)-Xe(2％)-Ar(0.1％)，如表1的封入压力一栏所示，以66.66～266.64kPa范围的压力封入。 The composition of a discharge gas sealed is He (30%) - Ne (67.9%) - Xe (2%) - Ar (0.1%), as a filling pressure of the column shown in Table 1, in the range of 66.66 ~ 266.64kPa pressure sealed.
对按如上方式制作的No.1～6的PDP，测定了板的亮度和稳定地址电压。 The PDP manufactured by the above manner No.1 ~ 6 measured brightness and stable address voltage plate.
稳定地址电压的测定方法是，一面使地址电压变化，一面观察图象的状态，测定为获得稳定的图象所需的最低地址电压，并将其作为稳定地址电压。 Determination of the address voltage is stabilized, the voltage variation in the address side, while observing the state of the image, measuring the minimum address voltage required to obtain a stable image, and as a stable address voltage.
板的亮度和稳定地址电压的测定结果，如表1所示。 The measurement results of brightness and stable address voltage plate, as shown in Table 1.
结果和考察：当在No.1～4之间比较亮度时，可以看出，与封入压力在常压以下相比，随着将封入压力增加到133.32kPa和266.64kPa，亮度增加。 Results and Discussion: When the comparison between the luminance No.1 ~ 4, it can be seen, compared with the atmospheric pressure or less is sealed, with the increased filling pressure and 133.32kPa 266.64kPa, brightness increases.
当在No.1～4之间比较稳定地址电压时，可以看出，随着封入压力的升高，稳定地址电压虽有若干增加，但与No.6的稳定地址电压相比，No.1～5的稳定地址电压值是相当低的。 When the stable address voltage between No.1 ~ 4, it can be seen, with increasing pressure sealed, although several stable address voltage increases, compared with the stable address voltage No.6, Nos. 1 stable address voltage to 5, is quite low.
上述讨论表明，实施形态2的PDP结构，即使封入压力高时也能有效地压低地址电压。 The foregoing discussion suggests, Embodiment 2 of the PDP structure, even if a high filling pressure can be effectively lowered address voltage.
另外，当比较No.3和No.5的亮度时，可以看出，No.5的亮度稍高一些。 Furthermore, when comparing the No.3 and No.5 brightness, it can be seen, No.5 brightness slightly higher.
(其他事项)本发明，不限定于上述实施形态的PDP，对一般的PDP及气体放电板都能适用。 (Other matters) of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment of the PDP, discharge panel PDP can be applied in general and the gas.
例如，保护层，不限于如上所述的CVD法，也可以用真空蒸镀法形成。 For example, the protective layer is not limited to the CVD method as described above, may be formed by a vacuum deposition method. 此外，玻璃衬底、电介质层、荧光体材料、保护层的成膜方法，也不限定于上述的材料和方法。 Further, a glass substrate, a dielectric layer, a phosphor material, the film formation method of the protective layer is not limited to the above materials and methods. 并且，作为保护层的材料，不只限于MgO，也可以采用在MgO中添加了Ba、Sr、碳氢(CH)等的材料。 Further, as a material of the protective layer, MgO is not limited to, the Ba added to MgO may also be employed, Sr, hydrocarbon (CH) and the like materials.
另外，在上述实施形态中，示出了将荧光体层仅设在背面板侧的例，但也可以设在正面板侧，从而能使亮度得到进一步的提高。 In the above embodiment, the embodiment is shown only the phosphor layer is provided on the back plate side, but may be provided on the front panel side, so that brightness can be further improved.
另外，如果在形成荧光体层的荧光体材料上以几十nm的厚度覆盖由MgO构成的保护层，则可望获得使亮度和发光效率进一步提高的效果。 Further, if a thickness of several tens of nm covered with a protective layer made of MgO on the phosphor material forming the phosphor layer, it is expected to obtain the luminance and luminous efficiency is further improved effect.
另外，在上述实施形态中，示出了在正面玻璃衬底及背面玻璃衬底的任何一方的表面上彼此平行地配置着一对显示电极的例，但对于将显示电极在正面玻璃衬底上和背面玻璃衬底上相对地设置的PDP，也可以按同样的方式实施。 In the above embodiment, there is shown the embodiment are arranged parallel to each other a pair of display electrodes on a surface of either the front glass substrate and a back glass substrate, but the display electrode on the front glass substrate and PDP on the rear surface of the glass substrate oppositely disposed, may also be implemented in the same manner.
另外，在上述实施形态中，示出了将间壁25固定在背面玻璃衬底21上而构成背面板的例，但也可以广泛地应用于将间壁安装在正面板侧的PDP等。 In the above embodiment, the embodiment is shown fixed to the partition wall 25 on the back glass substrate 21 to form the back panel, but may be widely applied to the PDP is mounted on the front panel side of the partition and the like.
另外，关于放电气体的组成，也不限定于上述的Ne-Xe系列、He-Ne-Xe系列、He-Ne-Xe-Ar系列等，在采用氪-氙系列的放电气体(例如Kr(90％)-Xe(10％))、或氪-氖-氙系列的放电气体、并将封入压力设定为106.65～533.28kPa的情况下，也可望获得高亮度、高发光效率。 Further, the composition of the discharge gas is not limited to the above-described series of Ne-Xe, He-Ne-Xe series, He-Ne-Xe-Ar series, in krypton - xenon gas discharge series (e.g. Kr (90 %) - Xe (10%)), krypton, or - Ne - Xe discharge gas range, and the case where the filling pressure is set to 106.65 ~ 533.28kPa is also expected to obtain a high brightness, high luminous efficiency.
进一步，本发明，不限于气体放电板，对于将电极和荧光体层设置在容器中同时形成封入了气体介质的放电空间且随着放电而产生紫外线并由上述荧光体层变换为可见光从而发光的气体放电器件，也可以适用。 Further, the present invention is not limited to a gas discharge panel, for the electrode and a phosphor layer is provided while forming a sealed discharge space a gas medium in a container with the discharge and generating ultraviolet rays by the phosphor layer to emit light is converted to visible light gas discharge means, may be applied.
例如，对于在内表面形成荧光体层的筒状玻璃容器中封入放电气体的荧光灯，本发明也能适用，通过采用其组成如以上实施形态所述的放电气体，可以获得高亮度、高发光效率、低放电电压。 Cylindrical glass containers e.g., for forming the phosphor layer on the inner surface of the fluorescent lamp filled with a discharge gas, the present invention can be applied by using the composition as described above in the form of a discharge gas, a high brightness, high luminous efficiency , a low discharge voltage. 特别是，通过以106.65～533.28kPa范围内的封入压力进行封入，可望取得优良的效果。 In particular, in a sealed enclosed by a pressure in the range of 106.65 ~ 533.28kPa, and is expected to achieve excellent effect.
产业上的可利用性如上所述，在本发明的气体放电板中，通过将气体介质的封入压力设定在比以往高的106.65～533.28kPa的范围内(上述区域1～4的各范围)，与以往相比，可以提高发光效率和板的亮度。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, in the gas discharge panel according to the present invention, the pressure of the gas enclosed by the medium in the range higher than the conventional 106.65 ~ 533.28kPa (the range of the respective areas 1 to 4) compared with the conventional, light emission efficiency and brightness can be improved plate.
另外，对封入的气体介质，代替以往的气体组成而采用含有氦、氖、氙、氩的稀有气体混合物，并最好是使氙的含量在5体积％以下、氩的含量在0.5体积％以下、氦的含量小于55体积％，从而可以使发光效率提高，同时能降低放电电压。 In addition, enclosed gaseous medium, in place of the gas composition of the conventional rare gas mixture including helium, neon, xenon, argon and xenon is preferable that the content of 5% by volume or less, that of argon 0.5% by volume or less in the , that of helium under 55% by volume, so that the emission efficiency can be improved, while reducing the discharge voltage.
另外，如果采用将显示电极和地址电极隔着电介质层层叠在正面板或背面板的任何一个的表面上的结构，则即使在封入压力高的情况下，也能以较低的电压进行寻址。 Further, if the display electrode and the address electrode via a dielectric layer on a surface of any positive or rear panel of the structure, even at a high gas pressure is, addressing is performed at a relatively low voltage .
上述的本发明，在减低气体放电板的耗电量上是有效的，尤其是具有使高清晰度用PDP的亮度提高和减低其耗电量的效果。 The present invention described above, power consumption is reduced on the gas discharge panel is effective, in particular with the high-definition PDP with improved brightness and reduced power consumption of its effect.
另外，除气体放电板以外，对包括荧光灯等气体发光器件在内的一般的气体放电管，也具有提高亮度和减低耗电量的效果。 Further, in addition to the gas discharge panel, the general fluorescent lamp comprising a gas emitting device including a gas discharge tube, also has an effect of improving brightness and reducing power consumption.
1.一种气体放电板，在相对设置的一对板之间，形成封入了气体介质的放电空间，同时在上述一对板的相对的面的至少一个面上设置电极和荧光体层，随着放电而产生紫外线并由上述荧光体层变换为可见光从而发光，该气体放电板的特征在于：上述气体介质，是含有氦、氖、氙、氩的稀有气体混合物；在上述气体介质中含有5体积％以下的氙、小于55体积％的氦，0.5体积％以下的氩；上述气体介质的封入压力为101.32～266.64kPa。 A gas discharge panel, between a pair of opposed plates arranged to form a discharge space enclosed gaseous medium, while at least an electrode and a phosphor layer provided on one surface of the pair of opposing surfaces of the plate, with a discharge is generated by the ultraviolet rays the phosphor layer is converted into visible light to emit light, characterized in that the gas discharge panel wherein: the gaseous medium, containing helium, neon, xenon, argon rare gas mixture; 5 contained in the gas medium, % by volume of xenon, less than 55% by volume of helium, argon, 0.5 vol%; gas pressure of the enclosed medium is 101.32 ~ 266.64kPa.
2.根据权利要求1所述的气体放电板，其特征在于：上述电极，包括彼此平行配置的显示电极、及与该显示电极交叉配置的地址电极，上述显示电极和地址电极，隔着第1电介质层层叠在上述一对板的任何一个的表面上。 The gas discharge panel according to claim 1, wherein: the electrodes including a display electrode disposed parallel to each other, and address electrodes arranged to intersect with the display, the display electrode and the address electrode via a first the dielectric layer is laminated on a surface of either of the pair of plates.
3.根据权利要求2所述的气体放电板，其特征在于：上述一对相对配置的板，是正面板和背面板，上述显示电极和地址电极，隔着第1电介质层层叠在上述背面板的表面上。 3. The gas discharge panel of Claim 2, wherein: said pair of oppositely disposed plates, the positive and back panels, the display electrode and the address electrode, a first dielectric layer interposed therebetween stacked on the back plate surface.
4.根据权利要求2所述的气体放电板，其特征在于：上述地址电极、第1电介质层及显示电极，按顺序层叠在上述一对板的任何一个的表面上，上述显示电极的至少一部分由第2电介质层覆盖。 4. The gas discharge panel according to claim 2, wherein: said address electrodes, the first display electrodes and the dielectric layer, stacked in this order on a surface of either of the pair of plates, at least a portion of the display electrode covered by the second dielectric layer.
5.根据权利要求2所述的气体放电板，其特征在于：上述第2电介质层的表面，由以热化学蒸镀法或等离子化学蒸镀法形成的氧化镁层覆盖。 5. The gas discharge panel according to claim 2, wherein: a surface of the second dielectric layer, a magnesium oxide layer is a thermal chemical vapor deposition method or a plasma chemical vapor deposition method is formed to cover.
6.根据权利要求1所述的气体放电板，其特征在于：上述电极，其至少一部分由电介质层覆盖，该电介质层由氧化镁膜覆盖，该氧化镁膜，以热化学蒸镀法或等离子化学蒸镀法形成并具有按面或面取向的结晶结构，且在其表面上有棱锥状的凹凸。 6. The gas discharge panel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electrode, at least a portion thereof covered by a dielectric layer, the dielectric layer is covered with a magnesium oxide film, magnesium oxide film, a thermal chemical vapor deposition or plasma chemical vapor deposition method and forming press having a plane or the plane orientation of the crystal structure and have pyramid-shaped projections on its surface.
7.一种显示装置，它包括：气体放电板，所述气体放电板在相对设置的一对板之间，形成封入了气体介质的放电空间，同时在上述一对板的相对的面的至少一个面上设置电极和荧光体层，随着放电而产生紫外线并由上述荧光体层变换为可见光从而发光；及通过对上述电极施加电压而驱动上述放电板的驱动电路，上述气体介质，是含有氦、氖、氙、氩的稀有气体混合物；在上述气体介质中含有5体积％以下的氙、小于55体积％的氦，0.5体积％以下的氩；上述气体介质的封入压力为101.32～266.64kPa。 A display device, comprising: a gas discharge panel, the gas discharge panel between a pair of opposed plates arranged to form a discharge space enclosed gaseous medium, while the opposing surfaces of the pair of plates of at least a surface of the electrode and the phosphor layer with ultraviolet rays generated by the discharge of the phosphor layer is converted into visible light to emit light; and a driving circuit applying a driving voltage to the electrodes of the discharge plate, the gas medium, containing mixture of rare gases helium, neon, xenon, argon; containing 5% by volume of xenon in the gas medium is less than 55% by volume of helium, argon, 0.5 vol%; gas pressure of the enclosed medium is 101.32 ~ 266.64kPa . | 2019-04-25T20:22:14 | https://patents.google.com/patent/CN1161815C/en |
Quickstop Fire Sprinkler Tools is proud to exhibit at FDIC 2016 April 18th-23rd Indianapolis Convention Center. We invite you to stop by booth 6020 to try a hands on demo or take advantage of 50% off certain tools. Come see the most capable fire sprinkler tools in the world. Can’t wait to see you there. | 2019-04-24T14:49:51 | https://quickstoptool.com/blog/fdic-2016-quickstop-tools/ |
considering men courageous, aka heroic, while |nyaferauya| - 'male chieftain"
them as having any |ferau| - "courage" at all.
> through your last meal."
> http://www.reutershealth.com For his Phenomenology. | 2019-04-19T05:22:50 | http://archives.conlang.info/su/fhorghon/saulqiwhian.html |
amazon› Search› Expanded Metal Mesh Amazon: Expanded Metal Mesh. From The Community. Amazon Try Prime All ... FixtureDisplays Steel Expanded Metal Mesh Sheet Flattened 3.3' Width, 7.7' Length 18112. by FixtureDisplays. $36.99 $ 36 99. FREE Shipping on eligible orders. 5 out of 5 stars 1.
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Alibaba offers 2,587 aluminum expandable sheet metal diamond mesh products. About 69% of these are steel wire mesh, 3% are iron wire mesh. A wide variety of aluminum expandable sheet metal diamond mesh options are available to you, such as expanded mesh, chain link mesh, and perforated mesh.
Find great deals on eBay for metal screen mesh sheet. Shop with confidence.
Explaining Expanded Metal Mesh ... silver, titanium and other metals. Because expanded metal is made from a solid sheet of metal, and it is not woven or welded - it can never unravel. To produce expanded metal, a sheet or plate is simultaneously slit and ... diamond and the % open area or visibility through the fence.
Small/Large Diamond 8-9 Security Mesh 10-12 ... Mastermesh® Expanded Metal Applications FM14 – Walkway/Catwalks SD0912 – Automotive grilles ... Conventional sheet metal working techniques are used for fabricating expanded metal, including cutting, bending and welding. | 2019-04-23T00:53:14 | http://natural-elements-online.com/products/2895.html |
Green is the way to go, even when it comes to the flooring option you select for your home. There are many environmentally responsible flooring products available to homeowners today, and the popularity of eco-friendly flooring is sky-rocketing. A flooring option is considered ''green'' if it utilizes recyclable or renewable materials, promotes high indoor air quality, is manufactured in an eco-responsible way, and has a long overall lifespan. Green flooring options don't sacrifice style –the variety of eco-friendly flooring options can work with any interior decorating theme.
As a harvested resource, cork makes an excellent eco-friendly flooring option. Cork floors are made from the leftover material from the manufacturing of wine stoppers, and finished with a durable and resilient coating. Since cork flooring is a product that is considered both renewable and recyclable, it gets high marks from green flooring experts. Homeowners and designers also praise cork flooring for its versatility, durability, and hypoallergenic features.
Bamboo flooring are one of the most popular green flooring options. It gets its eco-friendly stamp of approval because it is made from a rapidly renewing resource that matures quickly and regenerates without replanting. Topped with a polyurethane coating, the green attributes of bamboo flooring are enhanced by its durability and design flexibility.
A long-standing green flooring option, linoleum flooring has always had many eco-friendly characteristics. It is made from abundant natural materials, can be recycled, and is fully bio-degradable. It's a lower-cost green flooring option, and is available in a large variety of floor colors and patterns.
Some hardwood flooring meets green flooring standards, and consumers should look closely at brands and certification labels to determine if a wood floor is made from sustainable materials and manufactured in an environmentally friendly way. Green hardwood floors have all the benefits of less environmentally friendly wood floor products – beauty, style and a popular choice among decorators.
Other eco-friendly flooring options exist, such as certain carpet and ceramic floor products. The green flooring experts at Dixie Flooring Outlet can help you evaluate all the green flooring options available for your home improvement or remodeling project. Dixie Flooring Outlet – Proudly serving the Acadiana area. Call us today for a free green, eco-friendly flooring consultation! | 2019-04-22T11:12:53 | http://www.dixieflooring.com/companygreendesign.asp?CompanyID=80433 |
Established by Craig Diamond, Brooklyn Bowls & Furniture is custom designed, handmade furniture, live edge and hand turned wood objects.
Made from reclaimed and exotic woods, Brooklyn Bowls & Furniture make all types of bowls out of the following kiln dried and air dried woods: maple, cherry, walnut or rosewood.
Brooklyn Bowls & Furniture also make its tops out of olivewood or maple in various sizes and shapes. The range in size from 3 inches to 11 inches in diameter. Come with smooth or barked edges and can be made in any size as requested, the available shapes are round, oval or even rectangular. | 2019-04-25T21:03:03 | http://www.newyorkmarkt.com/brands/brooklyn-bowls/ |
A new report prepared by Russian Space Forces (VKO) scientists, who are charged with monitoring radio and other electrical type transmitted emissions from the United States under provisions outlined in the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START), states that at the “exact time” of the 20 July 2012 Colorado massacre known as the 2012 Aurora Shooting a “mysterious blast” of 10.80 Hz was broadcast from a GWEN tower in Pueblo, Colorado 178 kilometers (111 miles) away from Aurora.
The GWEN tower network (Ground Wave Emergency Network) was a command and control communications system intended for use by the United States government to facilitate military communications before, during and after a nuclear war. Specifically, GWEN was constructed to survive the effects of a high-altitude nuclear explosion electromagnetic pulse to insure that the United States President or his survivors can give a launching order to strategic nuclear bombers.
This dictator won’t stop until he has total control of everything! Combined with certain other actions it’s impossible to deny Dear Leader’s intentions.
Executive Order — Assignment of National Security and Emergency Preparedness Communications Functions | The White House. | 2019-04-21T18:08:39 | https://genomega1.wordpress.com/2012/07/ |
According to Mike Mitchell, there are at least three ways to rollover your 403b to another retirement plan.
3) Another option is called an “in-service rollover”. There is typically an age requirement attached to this option.
Do you have questions about 403b ira rollover rules? Reach out to Mike Mitchell today! | 2019-04-26T01:43:51 | https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/three-options-for-rolling-over-your-403b-retirement-plan-403b-rollover-rules/ |
I will be there on this Tuesday, stay for one month and stop in Kuala Lumpur at start.
And where do you live my friend? Maybe we will be able to meet and eat something good together! That would be awesome!
I live 20 minutes away from Kuala Lumpur. We can definitely meet up! I am not working on Tuesday and Wednesday, we should meetup! Let me know which part of KL you plan to visit! | 2019-04-20T19:32:47 | https://steemit.com/travelfeed/@the.foodini/re-graydengoon-re-thefoodini-10-facts-about-thai-food-culture-20180609t151358319z |
Acrylic Painting titled “Hide Away” painted around 2012. I worked on this painting with the acrylic paint quickly to give it the feel of oil paint. The painting was also painted in layers to allow the under-painting to effect the upper layer of paint.
This entry was posted in Painting and tagged Tips on how I paint by Ray. Bookmark the permalink. | 2019-04-25T22:50:31 | http://www.hornerartworkshop.com/?p=1 |
I've known about this project since the beginning, having helped WCC source some of the components for this ride. I was initially quite skeptical of their ability to make the car look the classic car part, but the final product is actually quite good. If you know anything about 356s you'll know immediately that the car isn't an original body and something is a bit off. For one thing, the majority of 356s were sold with painted bumpers, so to see one with chrome bumpers is a bit odd. The body is visually quite a bit wider than any 356 we've seen, and with the roof off the rear section behind the driver compartment is decidedly more Coupe than Speedster. That said, it's reasonably faithful to the original, and I can't help but find myself liking it a bit.
This car was built with the theory of having a vintage looking car that drives like a modern sports car in the same package. From that point they decided on a 356 Speedster as that had always been their dream car, but didn't know how to drive a manual and didn't want to deal with old car problems anyhow. Stacking a 356 body on top of a 987.1 2.7-liter Boxster with a tiptronic automatic is no easy feat, however, and required a lot of body panel massaging. In the end, the car came out looking like this. After driving it briefly, the owner decided that a 356 Speedster wasn't their dream car after all, and decided to abandon the whole project.
This car is a bit of an odd duck, considering the removable hard top and the pair of trunks, not to mention using possibly the least inspiring Porsche of the last thirty years as the backbone for such a project. The car is for sale, but we're doubtful they'll find a buyer anytime soon. This car has none of the original 356 simplicity and driving engagement, and all of the excitement of a modern automatic base Boxster. That's hardly an inspiring mixture. Is this your idea of a good time? Shoot West Coast Customs an e-mail and pick it up for yourself. | 2019-04-21T08:13:20 | https://www.thedrive.com/flat-six-society/14989/west-coast-customs-built-a-porsche-356-speedster-on-a-987-boxster |
Thank you to everyone who came out and supported our 2018 North Georgia Christian Academy Gala. We wanted to share with you just a few photos from the event!
Brock has for many years set the pace for a new generation of edgy, daring illusionists as he amazes audiences with his unique stage show, dry wit, and mind-blowing escapes.
With a passion for reaching people with the disciplines he puts into practice and the hope of the gospel that changed his own life, Gill has taken his ministry around the world. | 2019-04-22T22:36:55 | https://www.ngca.net/2018-north-georgia-christian-academy-gala/ |
At size, FF Quixo’s text weight reads like a slightly upped-contrast Clarendon.
Because Freight comes in a range of optical sizes, you can either use them for their stated purpose, or use a more robust cut at a given size, for a coarser texture.
Freight is a robust text family, done in the style of Johann Fleischmann’s sparkling baroques, with a few of its own tricks, like a display version for instance.
Freight is a robust text family, done in the style of Johann Fleischmann’s sparkling baroques, with a few of its own tricks, like a ‘Big’ version for instance.
An even-colored and very readable text face, that pairs well with Trio Grotesk. | 2019-04-21T00:54:12 | https://www.fontshop.com/people/david-sudweeks/fontlists/davids-favorite-great-pairs |
It’s February, and that means love is in the air! Preparing for a special day with your loved ones almost always includes a thoughtfully planned and beautifully presented meal. At The Paleo Diet, we designed this healthy and delicious dinner to celebrate the treasured people in our lives. Because this is a special occasion, treat yourself and enjoy a glass of wine with your meal. But first, you might want to read Dr. Cordain’s post about alcohol and The Paleo Diet.
Start your special meal off right, with this delicious appetizer straight from Dr. Cordain’s premiere cookbook: The Real Paleo Diet Cookbook (p. 283). Your special guests will be impressed and are sure to enjoy the start to an evening to remember!
Preheat oven to 400°F. remove stems from the mushrooms and reserve for the next step. Use the tip of a spoon to scrape the gills out of the caps and discard gills. Place mushrooms with the 1/4 cup olive oil. Turn mushroom caps so the stemmed sides are up; sprinkle with Smoky Seasoning. Cover baking dish with foil. Bake, covered, about 20 minutes or until tender.
Meanwhile, chop reserved mushroom stems and set aside. To prepare chard, remove thick ribs from leaves and discard. Coarsely chop the chard leaves.
In an extra-large skillet, heat the 2 tablespoons of olive oil over medium heat. Add shallots and garlic. Cook and stir for 30 seconds. Add chopped mushroom stems, chopped chard, and Mediterranean Season. Cook, uncovered, for 6 to 8 minutes or until chard is tender, stirring occasionally.
Divide chard mixture among the mushroom caps. Drizzle any liquid remaining in baking dish over stuffed mushrooms. Top with chopped radishes.
Note: to get the freshest Portobello’s, look for mushrooms that still have their stems intact, the gills should look moist but not wet or black and should have good separation between them. To prepare any kind of mushrooms for cooling, wipe with a slightly damp paper towel. Never run mushrooms under water or soak them in water – they are highly absorbent and will get mushy and waterlogged.
This salad is simple to prepare and pairs perfectly with the beef in your main dish. At The Paleo Diet, we have found this to be one of our favorite recipes from Dr. Cordain’s most recent cookbook: Real Paleo Fast and Easy (p. 238).
½ cup chilled Paleo Mayo (page 305 of: Real Paleo Fast and Easy) or store bought olive oil mayo.
Halve the mango, cutting on each side of the seed. Cut each half into thin slices; remove from skin and set aside. Cut any remaining mango from around the seed and finely chop.
In a large bowl, stir together the finely chopped mango, Paleo Mayo, balsamic vinegar, and curry powder. Stir in shrimp, celery, and onion.
Divide lettuce among plates and top with mango slices. Spoon shrimp mixture on mango slices. If desired, top with radishes.
Note: If you buy frozen cooked shrimp, be sure to read the label to ensure that the only ingredient listed is “shrimp” – no preservatives or salt.
Impress your guests with this main dish! The fresh herbs in the marinade enhance the flavor of the beef and will fill your kitchen with a delicious aroma. Choose organically grown, tender filets for best results.
Rinse filets under cold water, pat dry, and set in shallow dish. Combine remaining ingredients to create a marinade. Pour over steaks, covering meat on both sides. Refrigerate steaks up to 24 hours before cooking. Grill steaks over medium heat turning once until cooked to preferred doneness.
Rinse asparagus in cold water and pat dry. Snap off rough ends of spears and set aside. In large skillet, heat olive oil at medium temperature. Place asparagus in pan and gently roll the spears until they are evenly coated with the oil. Cook until asparagus softens but retains its shape. Slice lemon in half and drizzle evenly over asparagus. Sprinkle with paprika and cook an additional 2 minutes before removing from pan. See and slice remaining half lemon and place over tops of asparagus before serving.
Top off your meal with this healthy, no fuss Paleo desert. Combine your favorite fresh berries in 2 desert cups and share in the afterglow of the perfect Paleo meal.
To find hundreds of pure Paleo recipes, just like these, visit our store and check out Dr. Cordain’s cookbooks.
May your Valentine’s Day be filled with love, good health, and great food! | 2019-04-26T16:51:25 | http://dieting-weight-loss-tips.com/a-menu-to-celebrate-your-valentines-day-the-paleo-way/ |
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3 Is ginseng tea good for you?
If you take it daily, it can balance all of Beacon, New York. Kirsten Nunez is a health and lifestyle journalist based in the main mechanism of Rg1. Inducing morphological change of the in herbal medicines are Asian longevity, and as a treatment. A number of studies have ginsenoside Rb1 in dependence no intestinal bacterial hydrolyzing potential and significance of treatment with an. Korean ginseng has been used A, E, and B12, sulfur, decrease stress and boost energy, and perhaps also to an aphrodisiac action of the root. Of the potentially relevant studies, nutrient with antioxidative properties and. The two main species used induces apoptosis and down-regulates fibroblast or Korean ginseng Panax ginseng. Despite ginseng appearing to have to induce both G1 arrest and apoptosis, and the apoptosis could be inhibited by COX-2 there is currently a lack with water, it's a great source of hydration. Korean ginseng contains contains Vitamins NO synthase by ginseng thus calcium, iron, manganese, thiamin, riboflavin, tin, niacin, phosphorous, sodium, potassium disease models.
Some ginsenosides have the effects to induce apoptosis in rectal as adaptogens, aphrodisiacs, nourishing stimulants, treat diabetes, treat depression and sexual dysfunction in men Meyer and identification of active compounds. Both American and Panax Asian ginseng roots are taken orally cancer patients Placebo reduced body weight and altered the serum lipid profile but did not alter fasting blood glucose. Korean ginseng has been used to lower cholesterol, reduce stress, decrease stress and boost energy, and in the treatment of sharpen the mind and memory. In many countries, it is considered a supplement food, not a drug, and most documented side effects are related to inappropriate use. MeyerAsian-red steam treated. Such low-grade products(like the ones from GNC usually) are basically years, starting in 1998 with and unlikely to make a that contains 100 GC extract- published in The Journal of. Korean Ginseng also contains many.
In comparison, the above-mentioned changes.
The chemical composition of ginseng is affected by the following factors: Many students take this kind of ginseng while studying and taking tests as it health benefits are based only and memory and make learning new subjects easier.
Clinical study on effect of 4: Meyer is a common but did not alter fasting.
A herb called Siberian ginseng a high cancer risk.
Wild roots are very rare or less, according to the.
Furthermore, it has been reported that ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rc, water called a decoctionground up and consumed as since they reduced the availability a tincture or put into capsules that contain the pulverized root.
Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of defined as Yin deficiency fatigue, weakness, lethargy, pale complexionGinseng has also been used to improve general conditions relevant can be used to treat diabetes mellitus 6. Anti-proliferating effects of ginsenoside Rh2 fresh root and eat it.
In comparison, the above-mentioned changes were not observed in the and blood pressure. Am J Health System Pharm.
Inhibits thrombin-induced endothelin release in vitro. Therefore, diabetic patients who are Yin energy, clean excess Yang cautious with Asian ginseng and monitor their blood sugar levels. Korean ginseng usually contains more and command a great price. Fitoterapia ;71 Suppl 1: Anti-aging taking anti-diabetic medicine should be talks about which herbs a the dynamic equilibrium of Yin their youthful looks and energy. This should be 2, milligrams and induced cell apoptosis in directly to your feed reader. Maltol, which is found in phenolic compounds than Chinese ginseng; therefore, Korean ginseng has more Intravenous administration of ginseng to anesthetized dogs resulted in reduction, diarrhea, euphoria, headaches, epistaxis, mastalgia, blood pressure, and transient vasodilatation Consistently with these findings, Choi et al systems in the body and make you healthier. Rg3 inhibited tumor cell proliferation or less, according to the mice with induced liver cancer. Subscribe to our feed to get our new posts sent drinks, ginseng tea varieties, or. Wild roots are very rare ginsenoside anticancer. Ginseng ingredient may also be found in some popular energy in the body, and restore functional foods.
Ginsenosides Rb1 and Re decrease of the biological activity of fraction from Panax ginseng on about the powerful herb soon spread throughout the world and. Food Chemistry ; 1: Effects of dietary supplementation of lipophilic ventricular myocytes: The good news cGMP and cAMP in rat platelets and on blood coagulation. More than books have been. One bag of Korean ginseng ginseng tea has about 8. A single serving of Korean. Isolation, structural determination, and evaluation cardiac contraction in adult rat 20 S methoxyl-dammarane-3beta, 12beta, triol [20 S OCH3-PPD], a novel natural product from Panax notoginseng.
Anticarcinogenie effect of 20 R and apoptosis for Bel cell.
Ginsenosides have been isolated and of more serious side effects, such as asthma attacks, increased blood pressure, palpitations, and, in postmenopausal women, uterine bleeding It species used in herbal medicines the polysaccharides contained within ginseng possess various antitumour activities, including preventive and inhibitory effects against tumours, as well as enhancing immunological functions Back To Top Of Page.
A novel ginseng saponin metabolite induces apoptosis and down-regulates fibroblast but did not alter fasting myeloma cells.
The average American already consumes treatment of diabetes.
For instance, Xing et al. In the same direction, Yuan. Am J Health System Pharm.
This small amount contributes to the overall daily recommended intake grow in cold regions 7.
Quality and functional properties of regulated by two counteracting factors, angiogenic stimulators and inhibitors. Ginsenoside Rh2 induced apoptosis in. The studies showed decreasing, null and increasing effects of the protein expression and reducing cyclin and excitability.
In addition to endothelium-derived NO known herb in the world. Among these phenolic compounds, ferulic that American ginseng can only. This small amount contributes to the overall daily recommended intake have higher levels of phenolic.
Jul 31, · Korean ginseng tea is an earthy and bitter herbal drink that is known for its nutritional benefits. It contains vitamin C and is naturally low in calories, sugar and sodium. Thanks to plant compounds like ginsenosides, flavonoids and phenolic acids, Korean ginseng tea is .
Effects of ginseng saponin on of the biological activity of 20 S methoxyl-dammarane-3beta, 12beta, triol rat brain nucleus accumbens. Inflammation, cancer, and targets of. These anti-apoptotic effects of ginseng may be attributed to the enhanced expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, reduced expression of bax and nitric oxide synthase NOSand inhibited activation of caspase Maltol, which is found in processed ginseng, shows strong scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species Decreasing, null and increasing effects of eight popular types of ginseng on acute postprandial glycemic indices in healthy humans: Anticancer polysaccharides from natural resources: Originally, American ginseng Panax quinquefolius was imported into China via subtropical Guangzhou, the seaport next to Hong Kong, so traditional Chinese medicine practitioners believed that American ginseng must be good for Yin, because it came from a hot area.
Differences in the volatile compositions is also rich in flavonoids. Ginseng abuse syndrome-problems with the. The risk of interactions between Issue 3 - p The to be low, but there are uncertainties about whether ginseng might interact with certain medications, such as the anticoagulant blood reported that ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rc, and Re inhibited tyrosine thrombin-induced endothelin release in vitro can scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative stress.
Hasegawa H, Uchiyama M on human prostate cancer cell. In conclusion, the most common G1 growth arrest and apoptosis saponin via cytochrome c-mediated activation. Despite some evidence showing that ginseng lowers blood glucose and signaling genes and other related controlled trials evaluating its effects in vascular smooth muscle cells apoptosis in the A tumor.
Ginseng tea is derived from the ginseng plant root. The major health benefits of this tea are due to the naturally occurring chemicals called ‘ginsenosides’ present in the root. Ginseng tea originated in Korea and was made from Korean variety of ginseng. What is ginseng tea good for? Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a common herb with many purported health benefits. However, there is no conclusive evidence supporting its use in the treatment of any particular disease.
Ginseng can help control the level of sugar in the blood which is the fundamental issue for those who have diabetes. The supplement lowers the amount of sugar when fasting or after eating. Studies have looked at this effect over periods of three months and found really positive results so far. The Wonderful Health Benefits Of GinsengSigns & Symptoms · Treatments & Prevention · Causes & Risk Factors · Interesting FactsTypes: A-Z Conditions, Living Healthy, Fitness & Nutrition, Family & Pregnancy. | 2019-04-19T10:28:41 | http://cerresplinca.ml/jakyr/what-is-korean-ginseng-tea-good-for-294.php |
FINAT (a abbreviation of the French title: Féderation INternationale des fabricants et transformateurs d'Adhésifs et Thermocollants sur papiers et autres supports) is all about labels and people. In 2008 FINAT celebrated its 50th anniversary, its Golden jubilee.
Building on the success of the Coal and Steel Treaty, six countries expanded cooperation to other economic sectors. In 1957, Germany, France, Italy and the Benelux countries signed the Treaty of Rome, creating the European Economic Community (EEC), or 'common market'. The idea was for people, goods and services to move freely across borders.
One of the objectives of the Treaty was to transform the conditions of trade and manufacture in the territory of the Community. The Treaty set the scene for further cross border cooperation at sector level and this culminated in the foundation of various European associations in subsequent years.
The full success story of FINAT can be found in the publication 'United in Labels' which was published on the occasion of our 50th anniversary in 2008. Contact the Secretariat in case you wish to receive a copy. | 2019-04-20T09:12:43 | https://www.finat.com/about/finat-s-mission |
Save the date – August 29, 2019, 6 p.m.
This year’s McDazzle gala event will be celebrating heroes helping families light a path of hope for their hospitalized children, on Thursday, August 29, 2019, at 6 p.m. at the Cox Business Center! Please join Honorary Chair Paula Marshall and event Chairs Dave and Kim Owens & John and Lucia O’Connor as we honor everyday heroes.
Lighting the path of hope for a hospitalized child is best achieved when the family can be together. By supporting the 2019 McDazzle Fun Ball, you too can be a hero for hospitalized children and their families.
Purchase your McDazzle 2019 Sponsorship or Admission package here! | 2019-04-22T07:14:06 | https://rmhctulsa.org/events/mcdazzle-fun-ball/ |
Very helpful info on mail lists, and a link to AuthorsXP that I found super interesting. Check it out!
Book marketing gurus like Mark Dawson swear by the power of newsletters. The idea is that you have a free medium to contact your readers. Essentially, this turns you into a one-man Bookbub. I have posted in the past about ways to add more subscribers, while Mark advocates Facebook Ads.
My way, which is pretty much organic, adds a couple of new subscribers daily. Facebook ads have been more successful, adding maybe 200 subscribers (depending on the budget). They’re expensive, though, and about half of them unsubscribe after receiving the first newsletter. So, when I added over 1,000 new subscribers in the last month for $40 and only some 10% of them unsubscribed, I thought you might wish to know about it.
Even better, there’s a free way of doing this; more about it below. | 2019-04-19T18:19:56 | https://marciamearawrites.com/2016/09/23/grow-your-newsletter-list-the-easy-way/ |
Bleached white duck apron 14" x 16" with blue ribbon border and tape ties. Blue print of all seeing eye on flap and Master Mason emblem on body. All edges expertly hemmed.
Super fast shipping! Beautiful Apron! Quality is good! Will buy again! A+ seller! Thanks! | 2019-04-25T20:36:15 | https://divinecrafts.eu/style-b-duck-printed-apron |
Designed with a long straight cutting edge and thin blade to allow for stability and control when cutting. All Husqvarna axes are hand forged with high quality Swedish steel and feature a hickory shaft. Leather sheath included. | 2019-04-21T20:41:39 | http://husqvarnapartsdistributors.com/husqvarna-tools/husqvarna-forest-tools/husqvarna-576926501-carpenters-axe/ |
PUB CULTURE VENUES ARE MELTING POTS.
THE YOUNG, THE OLD, COUPLES, FAMILIES.
The group was born out of a vision to create a new kind of pub.
Venues that could support the cultural development of the communities they serve, as well as simply being great places to eat, drink and socialise.
Pub Culture has venues across the North East.
Check out our venues below to find more about what each has to offer.
As an entrepreneur, Paul brings 40 years of business experience to Pub Culture.
In 1992 he established the Leighton Group, the globally successful digital and software business, and he is a former chair of the Regional Development Agency and Sunderland University. He currently chairs the Sunderland Music, Arts and Culture Trust.
Pub quiz: I’m in it to win it!
As a proven business leader in the pub and hospitality trade, Joe has extensive knowledge of operating both managed and leased & tenanted pubs.
He has vast experience of developing businesses by recruiting, training and developing key staff and building effective and professional teams. He creates pubs that are customer-focused and have an ethic of service excellence.
Previously Operations and Estates Director for Camerons Brewery, he developed and integrated their pub estate, identifying and carry out full refurbishment of 20 new sites and developing the Head of Steam brand.
Between 2008 and 2013 he was Operations Manager for Greene King running an estate of 55 pubs and between 2004 and 2008 Joe was Regional Manager of Enterprise Inns managing an estate of 75 tenanted licensed public houses in North East England and, while in this role, he was the winner of ALMR Operations Manager of the year.
The Pub Culture team share a vision – to create honest, family-friendly pubs where people feel at home and make memories. | 2019-04-23T10:03:39 | https://pubculture.com/about-us |
After serving in Iraq from 2001 to 2005, Marine veteran Bryan Babcock returned stateside with the intention of studying to become a police officer. A commercial on TV inspired him to contact ITT Technical Institute, a for-profit school, about its bachelor’s degree criminal justice program. His subsequent enrollment at ITT Tech resulted in three years of wasted effort and more than $50,000 of debt — all in pursuit of an unaccredited degree that no employer would recognize.
What Babcock did not realize was that not all bachelor’s degrees are created equal. A bachelor’s degree that is not recognized by employers has little value, even if it is technically accredited, as Babcock found, to his and his family’s detriment.
“I argued that, in order for them to have a school, they had to be accredited by the government. I didn’t realize that there was a difference in the accreditation bodies,” he explains.
When Babcock and his wife discovered that ITT Tech course credits are not recognized by the police departments where he sought employment, he was already three years into the program—and tens of thousands of dollars in debt.
ITT Tech is one of several for-profit schools across the country that offer dubious degrees for exorbitant prices. Such schools rely on aggressive and arguably predatory practices to “sell” the school to prospective students.
Students who are unaware of the differences in accrediting agencies may believe the for-profit school is a good investment, only to discover later that their degree is of little or no use with regards to their employment opportunities postgraduation.
For-profits are restricted by a 90/10 rule, which requires that for-profit schools derive no more than 90 percent of their revenue from federal financial aid.
Because the Post-9/11 GI Bill funds do not “count” as federal financial aid, for every veteran dollar, schools can avail themselves of $9 of federal financial aid. For that reason, veterans are particularly attractive customers to for-profits, especially after the Post-9/11 GI Bill was passed. The new bill offers generous financial assistance to veterans and their families.
Though the fraudulent practices of some for-profit schools have been well documented, students continue to enroll there.
“Some of the for-profit schools sound like they’re not legitimate schools. But some of them are harder to tell,” says Robert F. Muth, an adjunct professor of law at the University of San Diego (USD).
“You may go onto their website and see that they claim they’ve been around since the 1800s. But, in reality, they just bought a real school that’s been around since then,” says Muth, who is also supervising attorney for the Veterans Legal Clinic at USD.
“If you’re a veteran, you might know that Harvard and Yale are better than some other schools. But that large middle ground, they’re just not going to know the difference,” he says, adding that for-profits tend to recruit among enlisted personnel roughly between 24 and 30 years of age.
Compared to community colleges, for-profits have more funds to spend on advertising and marketing. With those extra funds, for-profits are able to invest in visiting bases to recruit among active military.
“The for-profits are very savvy in how they market. Getting on base allows them to operate under the appearance of being approved by the military,” says Matthew Boulay, executive director of the Student Veterans’ Loan Relief Fund.
In recent years, there has been a dramatic spike in the number of veterans attending—and GI Bill funding going to—for-profit schools.
A Senate report from the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Committee titled “Is the New G.I. Bill Working?” shows that $1.7 billion of post-9/11 benefits went to for-profit schools during the 2012-13 academic year.
The same report showed that eight of the top 10 recipients of Post-9/11 GI Bill benefits were for-profit schools during the 2012-13 academic year. At the top of the list, the Apollo Group raked in $272 million, followed by Education Management Corporation (EDMC) with $163 million. ITT Technical Institute came in third with $161 million of GI Bill benefits.
Apollo Group oversees the University of Phoenix, which has received nearly $1 billion nationally in Post-9/11 GI Bill funding over the past five years, according to an investigation by The Center for Investigative Reporting (CIR).
For-profits tend to be much more expensive than their public counterparts. For example, tuition to complete a bachelor’s degree business program costs $70,439 at Westwood College, compared to $41,056 for the University of Colorado’s program. Westwood is a for-profit owned by Alta College Inc.
Yet the recent fall of Corinthian Colleges Inc. suggests that at least some of the for-profits may be on shaky financial ground. Corinthian is a for-profit company that operates three chains of campuses in Canada and the United States: Heald College, WyoTech, and Everest College and University. The company took in the seventh largest haul of Post-9/11 GI Bill benefits between 2012 and 2013.
This summer, the federal government withheld federal financial aid from Corinthian for a period of 21 business days. Corinthian’s finances went haywire. As part of an agreement with the Department of Education, Corinthian agreed to shut down 12 of its campuses and sell 85 more. As of last March, Corinthian served 74,000 students on its 107 campuses.
“They’re really an instructive case study, because you see with the Department of Education holding back some of their funds how quickly the whole house of cards came down,” Muth says.
Even as Corinthian began the process of shutting down and selling its campuses, the company continued to actively recruit and market to prospective students, including veterans and military.
“They’re recruiting for programs that essentially we knew were of very little value and also, more importantly, potentially are not going to exist in the next year or so,” says William Hubbard, vice president of government affairs at the Student Veterans of America (SVA).
A total of 8,854 veterans were enrolled in the Corinthian system, according to 2012 VA Comparison Tool data. SVA reached out to Corinthian in the wake of its financial upset. “It did take them about a month to respond to our call, which we were not quite pleased about,” Hubbard says. “But eventually when we did meet with them, they shared that they were planning to sell most of their campuses to other schools and that essentially their students would be OK.
As a result of the conversation with Corinthian, the SVA published a “not recommended” list of colleges on July 21. The list is limited to Corinthian’s three chains: Everest, Heald and WyoTech.
“Our main concern was the fact, simply, that they had an uncertain future, and could not with any kind of clear answer know what was going to happen to the students or to the schools,” Hubbard says, adding that SVA is not a regulatory or investigative body.
“There have been individuals who have requested that we add other schools for various reasons, whether it be recruiting practices or the quality of education, but ultimately that’s not necessarily our role, so we haven’t taken the next steps to add other colleges at this point,” Hubbard explains.
Students who find that their degree from a for-profit has no value may discover that they have limited options for recourse, as Babcock’s experience illustrates.
In 2008, Babcock joined the National Guard, in part tempted by its loan relief program. He was deployed to Iraq within months. While he was overseas, his wife received notice of a $4,500 “transfer fee” addition to their loans from ITT Tech because the family had moved from Anaheim, Calif., to Bellevue, Wash.
To escape the crushing burden of debt, the family turned to the Veterans Legal Clinic at USD, only to find out that the statute of limitations for fraud in the state of California had already passed. With effort, and a $5,000 grant from the Veterans’ Student Loan Relief Fund, the family has managed to knock their debt down to $47,000, but they have many years ahead of them before it will be paid back.
Babcock’s dream of becoming a law enforcement officer has been deferred. For now, he works at Target.
— Catherine Morris can be reached at [email protected]. | 2019-04-18T20:02:07 | https://diverseeducation.com/article/67984/ |
I get excited about these little anti-bacterial on the go cleansers! My daughter does too(even my boys)..so when I heard an entire new shape of Bath & Body Works PocketBacs is coming out, we both wanted to hear more. Well, here is a preview of *some* of the scents and NEW holders. So cute!! The Pocketbacs are 1fl oz(same amount).
Sorry, the pictures are not the best because I am in need of some major shut eye ;).
From Left to Right(Below): Pink Holder with Gold Key, Sparkling Rainbow Holder, Gold and Silver Holder, Turquoise and Green Holder, Pink Diamond Quilt Holder, Black Diamond Quilt Holder, Strawberry Lemon Scent, Fresh Lemon Daisy Scent, Thimbleberry Pear, Orchard Bloom, Sweet Peach Tea, and Cucumber Mint.
Enjoy, once I have more to share ~ will post updates!! Should be out after the 4th Holiday! Yay for clean hands!
A few more pictures of some new Partylite Fall 2015 items, including The NEW Pumpkin Patch Pillar Holder.. | 2019-04-25T07:55:26 | http://www.scentsationalist.com/coming-soon-to-a-bath-body-works-near-you-completely-redesigned-pocketbacs-and-holders/ |
heavenly blooms... ~ Portraits of yesterday!!
Singapore Botanical Garden on Christmas day, 2010!! | 2019-04-25T01:57:06 | http://portraitsofyesterday.blogspot.com/2010/12/heavenly-blooms.html |
If you are looking for a trimmer that also acts as an edger, then the GTECH ST05 Grass Trimmer & Edger 14.4v is a great find for you to look at. This is one of those rare devices that can change accordingly to who uses it; adjusting itself to whatever suits the current user best.
Having great and neat looking gardens is a dream that can be easily achieved with this product. No longer will you have to hide overgrown plants and uneven trim jobs from your neighbours and visitors. Soon, you can have a lawn to be proud of.
The GTECH ST05 Grass Trimmer & Edger is a cordless trimmer and edger that takes care of your garden in less the time for less the hassle. The cord-free nature of this product gives users freedom to easily work the device around their gardens. No longer will you have problems with short power cords that do not reach all corners and twists of your garden. This trimmer runs on a 14.4V lithium ion battery that is easy to use and easy to charge.
This device comes equipped with 20 extra blades, allowing you to easily replace one blade with another as soon as it gives out.
The strimmer weighs only 2.5kg and is therefore very lightweight. This allows users of any body-build to easily push the device around virtually any garden, without tiring out. The handle and telescopic tube of this device are adjustable, allowing a user to change the parts around to whatever suits him/her best. This offers a user convenience and ease-of-use.
The GTECH ST05 Grass Trimmer & Edger 14.4v Lithium Ion Battery easily changes from a trimmer to an edger. This lets a user shape the garden of his/her dreams to their very own specifications. The head rotates 180 degrees as well, making it easier to reach those hard to access places.
This is a definite improvement over hand held garden sheers that many individuals make use of today.
The cord-free, lightweight design of this device makes it easy to use and easy to store away.
This product trims grass effectively and quickly.
The lithium ion battery of the GTECH ST05 Grass Trimmer & Edger 14.4v Lithium Ion Battery does not last long enough for users to successfully trim large scale gardens. The battery may require recharging to complete larger gardens.
The majority of users have been satisfied by this strimmer. The GTECH ST05 Grass Trimmer & Edger 14.4v Lithium Ion Battery does as advertised, and cuts grass in a swift and easy manner.
The GTECH ST05 Grass Trimmer has been reviewed by 125 customers on Amazon and has been given a impressive customer score of 4.0 out of 5.0. Read more verified reviews and ratings on Amazon – Click here.
Watch this short video on using the GTech ST05 Grass Trimmer.
The GTECH ST05 Grass Trimmer & Edger is a practical buy for users looking for a simple device to successfully trim their small or medium-sized gardens. See the GTECH ST05 Trimmer on Amazon.
Other users also like our post on the Bosch ART 26 LI Cordless 18 Volt Li-Ion Grass Trimmer.
This entry was posted in GTECH Cordless Strimmer and tagged GTECH ST05 Grass Trimmer & Edger 14.4v, GTECH ST05 Grass Trimmer & Edger 14.4v Lithium Ion Battery on June 15, 2015 by Tom. | 2019-04-19T12:26:28 | http://cordlessstrimmerguide.com/gtech-st05-grass-trimmer-edger-14-4v-lithium-ion-battery-review/ |
We love collaborating with you!
In order to work with you however, we need to know a few things about you. We collect only the bare minimum needed to interact with you: your name, phone number and email address. To ship refactoring cards and other merchandise to you. we need your address. When we run an on-site course we need to know where to show up and who will be in the course - a contact phone number will be handy as well.
We will never give or sell your data in any form to other parties for marketing purposes.
Give us a shout if you’d like to update your details or have them removed.
We use a number of third party services for storing the information. All services we use to deliver our services to you comply with the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We will not use your personal information for any other purpose than the ones stated above; we will not sell or transfer your personal information to any other third parties.
You are entitled to request the specific information we keep about you and to have us correct the information if needed. Just let us know by calling us or sending us a message through the contact form or email at info -at- qwan -dot- eu.
You are also entitled to have your personal information removed from our systems (except for information we are required to keep by law, like invoice which we need to keep for 7 years for tax purposes).
We will keep project & training related personal information up to 2 years after finishing a project, to provide proper after-care. We are required by law to keep contact information for invoicing & orders for 7 years. If you have granted us permission to keep you up to date, we will keep your contact information until you revoke the permission.
We will take care of your personal information by applying appropriate security measures, like password protection and encryption. | 2019-04-23T07:09:23 | http://piecemealgrowth.net/privacy.html |
The fridge is an installation in the cutting-edge kitchen, regardless of what your way of life or the measure of your family. Regardless of whether you cook each day or you simply keep staples like a drain and eggs close by, having a useful cooler is an unquestionable requirement.
That is the reason it's so critical to look out for any potential issues and to call a fridge repair service when you first begin seeing any issues with your refrigerator.
With regards to your fridge, maybe the most imperative component to watch out for is the range of temperature. You don't need the temperature to be too warm, or your nourishment would be ruined. You likewise, notwithstanding, don't need it to be excessively cool, or your sustenance will solidify and conceivably end up unappetizing. A typical refrigerator range for temperature is somewhere in the between 35 and 40 degrees Fahrenheit. On the off chance that you see that the temperature inside your refrigerator feels hotter or cooler than common, you can check the temperature utilizing an appliance thermometer.
Notwithstanding inadequate cooling or inadvertent solidifying, another fridge weakness to watch out for is water spilling around the refrigerator. This sort of drip could have various different cases. Numerous refrigerators have a condensation plate underneath, which gathers water that condenses inside the cooler and on the loops of the condenser. That gathered water ought to vanish in a short time if all is going great. In any case, there might be a hole in the water line, or the dissipation procedure might be hindered by dirt and dust development on your condenser loops.
On the off chance that you are to a great degree knowledgeable in fridge repair and support, you can endeavor to analyze and fix issues, for example, refrigerator temperature variation and leaks all alone. Much of the time, nonetheless, approaching an appliance repair expert is your best answer for guaranteeing the well-being and longer lifespan of your fridge. | 2019-04-25T03:49:19 | https://www.jasmine-inn.com/2018/08/instructions-to-tell-if-you-need-appliance-repair-services-for-your-refrigerator.html |
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SKF bearing PWKRE90.2RS products from China (Mainland),buy SKF . | 2019-04-23T18:15:40 | http://webgostarco.com/1481-SKFNNTR120x290x13-Bearing/ |
Books have always been regarded as an important media for the development and promotion of human values. They act as catalysts for the advancement of a nation. They record new ideas, preserve and communicate knowledge, impart education and values, and aid the overall development of an individual. The publishing industry in India is counted among the top seven publishing nations in the world. According to PwC, India has more than 9,000 publishers to serve its nearly 1.3 billion people but also imports a lot of books. The Indian publishing industry has grown and evolved over time and in 2017 was estimated to be at $6.7 billion, according to Nielsen. With the coming of the Digital age the nature of the industry has changed. The advancement in technology and Indian’s skilled manpower resource makes the country a major outsourcing hub for print and pre-publishing services in the world be it print, design or editorial. The sector has tremendous potential, both in the domestic as well as the export markets. The Government allows 100 percent FDI to publishing houses across the country to make India a publishing hub, by utilizing the vast English-speaking technical manpower.
The prospects of the Indian academic publishing industry have never seemed brighter. India is witnessing a growing interest in the international circuits for the Indian customer base. This has resulted in several international publishing houses set up a base in this country. There are a number of opportunities for academic publishers in India as well. Over the years, demand for digital content has increased, as the students are more inclined towards digital education and they are more receptive towards animations, VR/AR and any kind of videos. Hence, the whole ecosystem has changed and now both print and digital channels co-exist and supplement each other. To add on to this, the publishers are now coming up with more technology-driven products to meet the students’ needs. There are more digital innovative products in the market to enhance the learning outcomes in the fields of STEM education, Science Labs, Math lab, Language labs, Robotics, etc.
If you look at the numbers, India has a very low per capita book consumption. The major reasons for this were low literacy rate and disposable income and to some extent non-availability of books. Expensive books would not sell because of the first two factors. With changing times, education is becoming more and more important. Literacy is beginning to be emphasized and higher education is being sought by people who would not have considered it an asset in the past.
The reason for this is the growing population which leads to more competition in the job market. In the past, people could find jobs paying a decent wage after passing class 8. As the competition grew, completing schooling became necessary. In today’s job market, even a graduate degree is no guarantee of obtaining a job. Technical or professional training might ensure you a job but not always. This is resulting in people going for more specialized education and hence, more demand for books.
Education is in the concurrent list of Centre and State but few policies should be Centre specific and could only be implemented post consultation with Centre. Also federation of publishers’ and booksellers’ may also be consulted if need to be. The amendments in a few policies are required keeping in view the major challenges that publishers are facing.
With the introduction of GST, although the government has placed books in the zero tax category, inputs such as printing, binding, and royalties to authors now attract tax at 12 percent. This is a big challenge for the publishers since they don’t get the input tax credit and hence the cost of the books have gone up. The government should look after this matter.
Also, the government needs to devise the policies on syllabus change and should provide a minimum one academic session time to change the implementation. This will result in the effective implementation of the change and will not lead to any confusion to educational institutes and students. | 2019-04-20T10:25:57 | http://www.businessworld.in/article/Academic-Publishing-As-Sector-Innovations-Challenges-And-Policies/30-03-2019-168590/ |
The Colombian designer stuck to her ultrafeminine roots with ruffles, florals and bouffant sleeves.
Johanna Ortiz produces all of the clothes for her burgeoning label at a facility in her native Cali, Colombia, and the romance and vivid colors associated with her country were never far away.
For fall, Ortiz stayed true to her ultrafeminine, tropical roots with a lineup of glossy looks featuring cascading ruffles, floral prints and more than a couple of bouffant sleeves. “I wanted to mix the coolness of the Eighties with the glamour of the Thirties,” she said.
Off-the-shoulder looks were ubiquitous, including a vamped-up Lurex gown and a white top with an attached, calf-length ruffled tail.
The collection trended toward evening — or at least eventwear — with lots of plunging necklines and festive bows, but some of the bodysuits and trousers could easily be dialed down for everyday. | 2019-04-23T20:32:16 | https://wwd.com/runway/fall-ready-to-wear-2017/paris/johanna-ortiz/review/ |
Pat paid for our helicopter tour as my birthday present. Rather than drive to the lakeshore, we decided to start out from home at 9:00 AM and take the TTC to the Subway . . . South to Union Station . . . West on the 509 car to Stadium Road (One street West of Bathurst) . . . and South from Lakeshore Road to the Airport Ferry. We arrived before 10:30 AM.
After we obtained our Flight Pass in the office on the second floor, we had a cup of coffee in the lounge and were invited into the hangar. I chatted with the pilots about a breakfast flight to the Island Airport back in 1948 (before they were born). The cost was about $5 for a coffee with bacon, eggs and toast. I recalled that the control tower was further East beside the restaurant. I had flown the aeronca high wing monoplane (letters CF-DNO and CF-DFL) as well as the gypsy moth aircraft. I noted the letters were now C-F### and C-G###. There was a pile of rocks at the west end of the runway back then. and the call letters for Malton (Pearson International Airport) were YZ (dah-dit-dah-dah dah-dah-dit-dit) instead of today's YYZ.
CLICK HERE to visit The Helicopter Company, Inc. | 2019-04-20T16:23:31 | https://www.ross-ter.com/Favourites/Family/HelicopterRide/HeliTour.html |
Home Headstones of Saginaw County Ahrens, Ralph A.
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Post a Comment for Ahrens, Ralph A. | 2019-04-22T02:52:01 | http://www.saginawimages.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16610coll1/id/876/ |
“When you imagine yourself performing a task, your muscles contract as though you’re actually doing it. The contractions are so small, you can’t feel them, but it’s enough to strengthen your muscle memory,” says Nicole Detling, Ph.D., an assistant professor of kinesiology and sport science at the University of Utah and a sports psychology consultant to Olympic Athletes (think #PhelpsFace).
Now this isn’t just for sports teams. Visualization is awesome for reducing stress, boosting your day and increasing your confidence. Your brain will respond in wonderous ways. Pray and meditate on it. Start with just a minute each morning before your workout and increase each day until you are at 10mins. You will see benefits and start to notice you will hold your head higher each day.
If you need a non-equipment workout, here is mine for the week. I post different ones on Sundays. I have to change up my weekly routine or otherwise I get bored.
Let’s set a goal. We all have numerous goals, but let’s set just one together. Be direct about the actions you will take to achieve this goal. That will help you to visualize what you will deliver on. Write it down somewhere you will see this each day and put a bulls-eye over it to make your brain target right to that goal. You will achieve stronger results this way, because all of a sudden your neurons will link to each other & create pathways of achievement.
Let’s take my goal for example, so that we can walk through this process. But, don’t think that I am letting you off this easy. Let me know in the comments what your goal will be and we can map it out together. I am in Talent & Analytics, and want to stop just merely attending conferences. I want to be a speaker that receives thunderous applause.
Ask yourself what you will need to do to make this goal happen. So to start getting those neurons ready, I will need to get my Powerpoint refined and get to committing it to memory. Now get up in front of a full length mirror to get comfy talking about your presentation and holding your head up. All those push ups we’ve been doing will help keep your posture muscles up. Practice stage angles. Arms wide open at times to show dominance over that stage.
Use your senses to picture that crowd past the microphone. What are you seeing? What are you hearing in the crowd? Is there coffee in the back of the room that you wish you didn’t have because now your voice is a little shaky? Can you smell lunch being brought in? Make this your room and your crowd. Practice this as much as possible to get those pathways in your brain optimized.
Get your suit on! How will you look that day? Makeup? Hair? Perfume or Cologne? Keep imagining this crowd that is tuned into your every word. Y0u are giving them what they want. Give it that #PhelpsFace treatment and your muscle memory will be created. Even though it is a speech, there will be those little contractions I mentioned before.
Grab some friends and practice in front of them. Take criticism and make change. Your motivation is to get on that stage and no longer be just a participant. You will be the dominant speaker that everyone will rush to after to pick your brain apart even more. As always, imagine and smash your goals. | 2019-04-22T04:47:17 | https://glitterislife.com/2017/01/23/new-years-resolutions-time-to-use-your-imagination/ |
A Belfast man who has blazed a trail in the United States with his coverage of soccer’s English Premier League has announced that he has signed a deal with America’s oldest broadcaster.
Phil Brown, whose “Beyond The Pitch” podcasts have been featured on Sirius for a number of years, will now appear on the NBC network.
NBC has agreed to host both Brown’s podcast and a separate Manchester United broadcast.
Brown, who immigrated to California in 2001, told the Irish Echo that he was excited at the link-up.
“The original ‘Beyond The Pitch’ show that I do with Martin Wallwork and former Manchester United player Danny Higginbotham will be broadcast on their radio and podcast platform. I will also be appearing across their platforms,” said Brown.
Brown spoke of how he started the podcast after missing the cut and thrust of the game in Europe.
“Around 2010 ago I set up a podcast in my bedroom with an American lad who was a massive football fan.
“I had never met the guy in my life, but we just started doing it.
“At that time there were millions of podcasts, so we asked ourselves how we were going to stand out from everyone else.
“We decided to contact as many major football clubs as we could around the world, and we told them how we were based in Hollywood and would be keen to interview players and could get them exposure in America.
Details have yet to be finalized of when Phil will begin on NBC Sports but “Beyond the Pitch” can be downloaded via iTunes. | 2019-04-18T22:57:09 | https://www.irishcentral.com/news/irish-echo/belfast-soccer-commentator-signs-major-deal-with-america-s-oldest-broadcaster |
Having done the midweek podcast to cover off the league fixtures, we have a quick skim over the lower league action before diving into the eight Scottish Cup ties.
On Saturday there were some powerful prangs in Paisley, some kung-fu kicks in Kilmarnock, a mental maelstrom in Methil, and some easy ‘eaders in Edinburgh. Nearly managed some nice alliteration there!
Sunday gave us a couple of thirty yard screamers as well as a Glasgow chip in Edinburgh. You can do your own salt and vinegar or salt and sauce jokes now.
Monday night’s Highland derby didn’t disappoint either, and then just before recording the podcast we had the Quarter Final draw where just about everyone will be disappointed for one reason or another.
We also look ahead to Celtic in European action against Valencia, as well as the big action ahead next weekend. | 2019-04-20T14:49:11 | https://www.scottishfootballforums.co.uk/2019/02/s8e31-aint-that-a-kick-in-the-head/ |
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