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Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | History | In December 2011, it was reported by North Korean television that Kim Jong Il died while on a train, during a domestic trip. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Taeyangho | Over the years multiple trains - all called Taeyangho - were needed for security reasons. The trains have between 10 and 15 carriages, although the current train configuration is 20 armoured carriages excluding locomotives. It is unknown what model or type the locomotives and passenger cars are, although it is strongly hinted to be China's DF8s and 25G rolling stocks respectively. If true, the most recent train length (ie. 2x locomotives with 20x cars) would be around 576 m (1,889.76 ft). The train has bulletproof glass and reinforced walls and floors to protect against explosives. Likewise, the train is heavily armed, with heavy weapons reportedly on board that range from at least two confirmed machine gun emplacements, surface-to-air missiles and anti-tank guided missiles. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Taeyangho | Some carriages are only used by the leader, like a bedroom and bathroom, and others are carrying security guards and medical staff. In 2001 the train included one residential carriage, named the "headquarters" carriage, a restaurant carriage, several transport carriages that contained two armoured Mercedes cars as well as an emergency helicopter. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Taeyangho | The train also had satellite communication system with satellite dish connecting all the carriages. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Taeyangho | Parts of the interior of the trains are only known from the images and video’s when a state leader was traveling. While meeting Chinese officials in 2018 a wide white interior train carriage was ringed with pink couches. There are conference rooms, with long tables and TV screens. The carriage of the office of Kim had a desk and chair; a map of China and the Korean peninsula on the wall behind it. Footage from 2020 showed a carriage decorated with flower-shaped lighting and zebra-printed fabric chairs. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Operations | The trains are usually pulled by two power units. It was reported in 2009 that Kim Jong Il made use of a fleet of six personal trains, which are made up of 90 armored luxury railcars. Each armoured train has modern communications equipment, such as satellite phones, enabling the leader to obtain briefings and issue orders while traveling. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Operations | Security measures were increased after a 2004 explosion in Ryongchon near the border with China. The explosion, which was believed to have been caused by a train laden with oil and chemicals hitting power lines, occurred three hours after one of Kim's trains had passed through the area. This led to rumors that it might have been an assassination attempt. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Operations | After a train journey is confirmed, around 100 security officers check the route and stations in advance for possible dangers. The area around the journey is cleared 24 hours before the three-train set travels. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Operations | Now limited to 60 km/h (37 mph) due to the heavy weight, the private trains travel in groups of three: |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Operations | The electricity is turned off at stations so that other trains cannot run. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Travels abroad | Trains also have been used for travel abroad, with direct connection to China, and onward connection to Russia with a gauge-change. Kim Il Sung travelled regularly abroad by train until he died in 1994. Kim Il Sung's longest train journey took place in 1984 when he visited almost every socialist country in Eastern Europe. The train ride went via China, through the Soviet Union, with stops in Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Romania. The rest of the trip went through the Soviet Union, again. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Travels abroad | When traveling to Russia the train wheels must be changed somewhere around the border because Russia has different rail gauges. A second train accompanied Kim's carrying bogies of the other gauge needed. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Travels abroad | On Kim Jong Il's visit to Russia in 2001, the train was reported to have had 22 carriages. Life on board was reported to be luxurious, with regular stops to stock up on live lobster and Bordeaux and Beaujolais wine flown in from Paris. In April 2010, North Korea watchers inferred an unannounced visit to China by Kim, based on the supposed sighting of his train in the Chinese border city of Dandong; soon, however, it was learned that the train in question was just a regular cargo train, and Kim remained in North Korea. In August 2011, Kim Jong Il visited Ulan-Ude, Russia, roughly 4,500 kilometres (2,800 mi) by train from Pyongyang. In Ulan-Ude, he met Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Travels abroad | In March 2018, the Kim family's train was reportedly sighted in Beijing, which, along with heightened security around the Chinese government's Diaoyutai State Guesthouse led to speculation that Kim Jong Un and his wife Ri Sol-ju were visiting China. This was confirmed when they met with General Secretary of the Communist Party Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan. This marked the first time that North Korea's leader had left the country since taking power in 2011. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Travels abroad | In February 2019, Kim travelled by train to the Hanoi Summit, where he met with US President Donald Trump for talks about denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and lifting sanctions against North Korea. In April 2019, Kim took the train to travel to meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Vladivostok. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Travels abroad | In 2020, Kim travelled by train to visit a typhoon-hit area. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Travels abroad | In September 2023, Kim's private train stopped at Khasan railway station to greet Russian officials on his way to another summit with Putin in the Russian Far East. |
Taeyangho armoured train | 75,688,216 | Kim Il Sung's other rail vehicles | When providing "on-the-spot guidance" to the workers constructing Pyongyang Metro, Kim Il Sung used a special funicular-like vehicle to descend to a station under construction (it was riding in the inclined tunnel that was to be eventually used by the escalators), and a railbus to travel around the system. Both vehicles are now on display in the Pyongyang Metro Museum. |
Yogev Kenzi | 75,688,264 | Yogev Kenzi (Hebrew: יוגב קנזי; born 1974) is a former Paralympic athlete representing Israel. |
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Yogev Kenzi | 75,688,264 | Kenzi was born with a disability in his left arm. |
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Yogev Kenzi | 75,688,264 | At the 1996 Summer Paralympics Kenzi competed in the Men's 100 metre, 200 metre and 400 metre events, as well as long jump. He then focused solely on long jump, achieving bonze medal at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and ranking eighth at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He was trained by Olympic athlete David Kushnir. |
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Yogev Kenzi | 75,688,264 | In a para-athletics European championship in 2001, Kenzi achieved a silver medal in long jump. |
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Yogev Kenzi | 75,688,264 | Kenzi holds a masters degree in economics and is a licensed insurance broker and securities investment advisor. He previously worked at Bank Hapoalim, Bank Mizrahi-Tefahot and Menora Insurance Group, as well as internship in real estate appraisal at the Ministry of Justice. |
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William van Someren | 75,688,300 | William Weymouth van Someren DSO (17 September 1876 – 16 June 1939) was an English first-class cricketer and an officer in the British Indian Army. |
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William van Someren | 75,688,300 | The son of the barrister Godlieb van Someren, he was born in British India at Madras in September 1876. He was educated in England at Clifton College, before attending the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He graduated from there in August 1896 as a second lieutenant, with a view to his appointment to the British Indian Army (BIA). Shortly after his appointment to the BIA with the 36th Sikhs, van Someren transferred to the 45th Rattray's Sikhs and served with them in the Tirah campaign, where he was present at several of the campaigns engagements. He was made a Companion to the Distinguished Service Order for his actions during the campaign. Following the campaign, he was promoted to lieutenant in July 1899, with promotion to captain following in August 1905. |
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William van Someren | 75,688,300 | Between 1903 and 1908, he was seconded to serve with the Burma Military Police. In September 1910, van Someren made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Hindus at Bombay in the 1910–11 Bombay Triangular Tournament. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed for 27 runs in the Europeans first innings by Palwankar Baloo. van Someren served in the First World War with the 45th Sikhs, during which he was promoted to major in the opening weeks of the war. He was wounded during the war, and was placed on the half-pay list in December 1916. He would serve the remainder of the war with the War Office. van Someren died in India in June 1939. |
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War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Amnesty International stated that both Azerbaijani and Armenian forces committed war crimes during Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, and called on the governments of Armenia and Azerbaijan to immediately conduct independent, impartial investigations, identify all those responsible, and bring them to justice. UN Secretary-General António Guterres stated that "indiscriminate attacks on populated areas anywhere, including in Stepanakert, Ganja and other localities in and around the immediate Nagorno-Karabakh zone of conflict, were totally unacceptable". Columbia University’s Institute for the Study of Human Rights recognized that violent conflict affected all sides in the conflict but distinguished "the collateral damage of Azerbaijanis" from "the policy of atrocities such as mutilations and beheadings committed by Azerbaijani forces and their proxies in Artsakh." Azerbaijan started an investigation on war crimes by Azerbaijani servicemen in November and as of 14 December 2020, has arrested four of its servicemen. |
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War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | Armenia struck several Azerbaijani cities outside of the conflict zone, most frequently Tartar, Beylagan and Barda. Attacks reported by Azerbaijani authorities included an attack on Beylagan on 4 October, killing two civilians and injuring 2 others, Goranboy on 8 October killing a civilian, Hadrut on 10 October, seriously injuring a medical worker, Fuzuli on 20 October, resulting in one civilian death and six injuries, Tartar on 20 October, resulting in two civilian deaths and one civilian injury and Tartar on 10 November, resulting in one civilian injury. By 9 November, there had been more than 93 civilian deaths and 416 civilian injuries in areas of Azerbaijan outside of the war zone. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | Human Rights Watch reported that on 27 September, the Armenian forces had launched an artillery attack on Qaşaltı of Goranboy District, killing five members of the Gurbanov family, and damaged several homes. Human Rights Watch examined the severely damaged house and found several munition remnants in the courtyard that were consistent with fragments of large-caliber artillery. It also reported that the Armenian forces struck Hacıməmmədli of Aghdam District on 1 October, in an agricultural area, at around 11:00, killing two civilians. HRW stated that they had found no evident military objectives during their visit to the village. HRW also reported that the Armenian forces had launched an artillery attack on 4 October in Tap Qaraqoyunlu of Goranboy District at about 16:30, wounding a civilian. Then, on 5 October, Human Rights Watch reported that the Armenian forces fired a munition that landed in a field about 500 meters from Babı of Fuzuli District. The Azerbaijani authorities stated that they had identified the munition as a Scud-B ballistic missile and measured the crater as 15 meters in diameter. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | Armenian forces heavily shelled the district of Tartar during the war, starting from 28 September. The bombardment caused widespread destruction and many civilian deaths. Thousands of people became refugees, making the city of Tartar a ghost town, and fled to neighbouring cities such as Barda. The Azerbaijani authorities stated that the Armenian forces had fired 15,500 shells on the territory of Tartar District until 29 October, with over 2,000 shells being fired upon Tartar in some days. Official Azerbaijani figures show that over a thousand civilian objects, including schools, hospitals, and government buildings were either damaged or destroyed during the bombardment. Human Rights Watch confirmed many of the targeted attacks on civilians and civilian objects, such as kindergartens and hospitals, by the Armenian forces. It also stated that the Armenian military forces had carried out unlawfully indiscriminate rocket and missile strikes on the Azerbaijani territories, and that such indiscriminate attacks were war crimes. The constant bombardment of the city prompted the Azerbaijani to label Tartar as the Stalingrad of Azerbaijan, and the President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, accused Armenia of trying to turn Tartar to the next Aghdam, also referred to as the Hiroshima of the Caucasus by the locals. Turkey also condemned the Armenian shelling of a cemetery in Tartar during a funeral ceremony, which foreign journalists at scene and Human Rights Watch confirmed. On 29 October, the head of the Tartar District Executive Power, Mustagim Mammadov, stated that during the war, 17 civilians killed, and 61 people injured in Tartar District as a result of the bombardment in Tartar. According to him, in total, about 1,200 people suffered from the bombardment. The Azerbaijani authorities reported two more civilian injuries later on. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | Between 4 and 17 October, four separate missile attacks on the city of Ganja killed 32 civilians, including a 13-year-old Russian citizen, and injured 125 with women and children among the victims. The attacks were condemned by the European Union, and Azerbaijani authorities accused the Armenian Armed Forces of "committing war crimes through the firing of ballistic missiles at civilian settlements", calling the third attack "an act of genocide". Armenia denied responsibility for the attacks. The Artsakh Defence Army confirmed responsibility for the first attack but denied targeting residential areas, claiming that it had fired at military targets, especially Ganja International Airport. Subsequently, both a correspondent reporting from the scene for a Russian media outlet and the airport director denied that the airport had been hit, while a BBC News journalist, Orla Guerin, visited the scene and found no evidence of any military target there. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | On 15 October, the Armenian forces shelled a cemetery 400 metres (1,300 ft) north of the city of Tartar during a funeral ceremony, killing 4 civilians and injuring 4 more. This was confirmed by local journalists, TV Rain, and the Human Rights Watch. The Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan also confirmed that the cemetery was shelled in the morning. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | On 25 October, a video emerged online of an Armenian teenager in civilian clothing helping soldiers fire artillery on Azerbaijani positions. Azerbaijan subsequently accused Armenia of using child soldiers. One day later, the Artsakh ombudsman released a statement claiming that the boy in the video was 16, was not directly engaged in military actions and was working with his father. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | The Human Rights Watch reported that on 28 October, at about 17:00, the Armenian forces fired a munition on Tap Qaraqoyunlu of Goranboy District that produced fragmentation and killed a civilian. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | The Artsakh Defence Army hit the Azerbaijani town of Barda with missiles twice on 27 and 28 October 2020, resulting in the deaths of 26 civilians and injuring over 83, making it the deadliest attack of the conflict. The casualties included a 39-year-old Red Crescent volunteer, while two other volunteers were injured. Civilian infrastructure and vehicles were extensively damaged. Armenia denied responsibility, but Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch stated that Armenia had fired, or intentionally supplied Artsakh with, the cluster munitions and Smerch rockets used in the attack. Artsakh acknowledged responsibility, but said it was targeting military facilities. Marie Struthers, Amnesty International's Regional Director for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, said that the "firing of cluster munitions into civilian areas is cruel and reckless, and causes untold death, injury and misery". The Azerbaijani ombudsman called the attack a "terrorist act against civilians". The use of cluster munitions was also reported by The New York Times. On 7 November, according to Human Rights Watch, the Armenian forces fired a rocket that struck an agricultural field near the village of Əyricə and killed a 16-year-old boy while he playing with other children. Azerbaijani authorities stated that they had identified the munition as a 9M528 Smerch rocket, which carries a warhead that produces blast and fragmentation effect. HRW reported that the researchers did not observe any military objectives in the area. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | On 30 October 2020, Human Rights Watch reported that Armenia or Artsakh forces used cluster munition and stated that Armenia should immediately cease using cluster munitions or supplying them to Nagorno-Karabakh forces. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | In mid-November, a video of a wounded Azerbaijani soldier Amin Musayev receiving first aid by Ukrainian journalist Alexander Kharchenko and Armenian soldiers after the ceasefire came into force was spread on social media platforms. Following this, a video was released showing Musayev being abused inside a vehicle. It is reported that he was lying on the ground in the car and asked: "where are we going?" In response, the alleged Armenian soldier said, "If you behave well, go home," and cursed, after which it became clear that the Azerbaijani soldier had been kicked. On 18 November, a representative of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Yerevan said that information about this person was "being investigated." The ICRC's representative in Yerevan, Zara Amatuni, declined to say whether she had any information about Musayev. The Artsakh ombudsman said he had no information about the Azerbaijani soldier, but that if he was injured, he was "probably in hospital in Armenia." The Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry said in a statement that the issue was being investigated and will be reported to the relevant international organisations. According to the ministry, "the information about the torture of prisoners is first checked for accuracy and brought to the attention of relevant international organizations." On 25 November, ICRC's representatives visited Musayev and Karimov in Yerevan. On 5 December, the family of Musayev was informed of his condition through ICRC. According to a reported copy of the letter sent by Musayev, he stated that his condition was well. Musayev was returned to Azerbaijan on 15 December as part of the POW exchange deal. Azerbaijan had officially accused the Armenian side of ill-treating the Azerbaijani POWs. Several Azerbaijani POWs, in interviews with the Azerbaijani media outlets, had stated that they were tortured by their Armenian captors until being transferred back to Azerbaijan. Dilgam Asgarov, a Russian citizen of Azerbaijani descent, who was detained by the Armenian-allied forces alongside Shahbaz Guliyev, an Azerbaijani citizen, in 2014, during an incident in Kalbajar, in an interview to Virtual Azərbaycan newspaper he gave after being released, also stated that the Armenian captors had tortured the Azerbaijani POWs. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | On 10 December, Amnesty International released a report on videos depicting war crimes. In one of the videos, the Armenian soldiers were seen cutting the throat of an Azerbaijani captive. The captive appears to be lying on the ground, whilst gagged and bound when an Armenian soldier approaches him and sticks a knife into his throat. Independent pathological analysis confirmed that the wound sustained led to his death in minutes. Eleven other videos showing inhumane treatment and outrages upon personal dignity of Azerbaijani captives by the Armenian army has come to light. In several videos, Armenian soldiers are seen cutting the ear off a dead Azerbaijani soldier, dragging a dead Azerbaijani soldier across the ground by a rope tied around his feet, and standing on the corpse of a dead Azerbaijani soldier. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Armenian war crimes | On 11 December, Human Rights Watch released an extensive report about Armenia's unlawful rocket strikes on Azerbaijani civilian areas. The report investigated 18 separate strikes, which killed 40 civilians and wounded dozens more. During on-site investigations in Azerbaijan in November, Human Rights Watch documented 11 incidents in which Armenian forces used ballistic missiles, unguided artillery rockets, large-calibre artillery projectiles and cluster munitions that hit populated areas in apparently indiscriminate attacks. In at least four other cases, munitions struck civilians or civilian objects in areas where there were no apparent military targets. In addition to causing civilian casualties, the Armenian attacks damaged homes, businesses, schools, and a health clinic, and contributed to mass displacement. It acknowledged the presence of military forces in two cities and two villages attacked by Armenian forces, claiming that Azerbaijan had unnecessarily put civilians at risk, however, it also stated that the presence of military targets did not excuse the use of inherently inaccurate weaponry with a large destructive radius in populated areas by Armenian forces. Human Rights Watch called the Armenian government to conduct transparent investigations into attacks by Armenian forces that violate international humanitarian law, or the laws of war. On 15 December, Human Rights Watch released another report about Armenia's use of cluster munitions in multiple attacks on Azerbaijani civilian areas. Its researchers documented four attacks with cluster munitions in three of the country's districts, Barda, Goranboy and Tartar which killed at least seven civilians, including two children, and wounded close to 20, including two children. Human Rights Watch also stated that as Nagorno-Karabakh forces do not possess cluster munitions, it is likely that Armenian forces carried out the attacks or supplied the munitions to Nagorno-Karabakh forces. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | On 4 October 2020, the Armenian government stated Azerbaijan had deployed cluster munitions against residential targets in Stepanakert; an Amnesty International investigator condemned this. In an Amnesty International report, the cluster bombs were identified as "Israeli-made M095 DPICM cluster munitions that appear to have been fired by Azerbaijani forces". The next day, Armenian Minister of Foreign Affairs Zohrab Mnatsakanyan stated to Fox News that the targeting of civilian populations in Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijani forces was tantamount to war crimes and called for an end to the "aggression". In November 2020, Aliyev denied using cluster munitions against civilian areas in Stepanakert on the 1, 2, and 3 October 2020 in an interview with BBC News journalist Orla Guerin, describing as "fake news" the statements of other BBC reporters who witnessed the attacks and described them as "indiscriminate shelling of a town without clear military targets". |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | During an on-site investigation in Nagorno-Karabakh in October 2020, Human Rights Watch documented four incidents in which Azerbaijan used Israeli-supplied cluster munitions against civilian areas of Nagorno-Karabakh. The HRW investigation team stated that they did not find any sort of military sites in the residential neighbourhoods where the cluster munitions were used and condemned its use against civilian-populated areas. Stephen Goose, arms division director at Human Rights Watch and chair of the Cluster Munition Coalition, stated that "the continued use of cluster munitions – particularly in populated areas – shows flagrant disregard for the safety of civilians". He then added that "the repeated use of cluster munitions by Azerbaijan should cease immediately as their continued use serves to heighten the danger for civilians for years to come". The HRW investigation team also noted that numerous civilian buildings and infrastructure were heavily damaged due to shelling. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | On 16 December, Human Rights Watch published a report about two separate attacks, hours apart, on the Ghazanchetsots Cathedral on 8 October in the town of Shusha, known to Armenians as Shushi, suggesting that the church, a civilian object with cultural significance, was an intentional target despite the absence of evidence that it was used for military purposes. The weapon remnants Human Rights Watch collected at the site corroborate the use of guided munitions. "The two strikes on the church, the second one while journalists and other civilians had gathered at the site, appear to be deliberate," said Hugh Williamson, Europe and Central Asia director at Human Rights Watch. "These attacks should be impartially investigated and those responsible held to account." |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | On 15 October 2020, a video surfaced of two captured Armenians being executed by Azerbaijani soldiers; Artsakh authorities identified one as a civilian. Bellingcat analysed the videos and concluded that the footage was real and that both executed were Armenian combatants captured by Azerbaijani forces between 9 and 15 October 2020 and later executed. The BBC also investigated the videos and confirmed that the videos were from Hadrut and were filmed some time between 9–15 October 2020. A probe has been launched by Armenia's human rights defender, Arman Tatoyan, who shared the videos with European Court of Human Rights and who will also show the videos to the UN human rights commissioner, the Council of Europe and other international organisations. The U.N. human rights chief, Michelle Bachelet, stated that "in-depth investigations by media organisations into videos that appeared to show Azerbaijani troops summarily executing two captured Armenians in military uniforms uncovered compelling and deeply disturbing information". |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | On 10 December, Amnesty International released a report on videos depicting war crimes from both sides. In some of these videos, Azerbaijani soldiers were seen decapitating the head of an Armenian soldier as he was alive. In another video, the victim is an older man in civilian clothes who gets his throat cut before the video abruptly ends. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | Beheadings of two elderly ethnic Armenian Civilians by Azerbaijani armed forces have been identified by The Guardian. In videos posted online on 22 November and 3 December, men in Azerbaijani military uniforms hold down and decapitate a man using a knife. One then places the severed head on a dead animal. "This is how we get revenge – by cutting off heads," a voice says off-camera. The victim was identified as Genadi Petrosyan, 69, who had moved to Matadashen in the late 1980s from Sumgait. Another video posted on 7 December showed two soldiers in Azerbaijani military uniforms pinning down an elderly man near a tree. Another soldier passes a knife to one of the attackers, who begins slicing at the victim's neck. The victim was identified as Yuri Asryan, a reclusive 82-year-old who had refused to leave his village, Azokh. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | In another video, a villager named Kamo Manasyan is kicked and beaten as blood streams from his right eye and then hit with a rifle stock. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | On 16 October, according to Armenia's ombudsman report, an Azerbaijani serviceman had called the brother of an Armenian soldier from the latter's phone number, saying that his brother was with them and that they had beheaded him and were going to post his photos on the internet; according to Armenian sources, they did post the image online. The Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust included the beheading of an Armenian soldier in their reporting. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | In early November, Armenia applied to European Convention on Human Rights over the videos of the brutal treatment of the bodies of Armenian POWs, which were spread on the social network. On 23 November, ECHR announced that it applies urgent measures in case of Armenian POWs and civilians held in Azerbaijan. Michael Rubin of the Washington Examiner, referring to the beheadings, the torture and mutilations of POWs, stated that, in contrast to Aliyev's reassurance of ethnic Armenians on remaining as residents of Azerbaijan, the actions of the Azerbaijani servicemen "tell a different story". Human Rights Watch reported about the videos depicting physical abuse and humiliation of Armenian POWs by their Azerbaijani captors, adding that the most of the captors did not fear being held accountable, as their faces were visible in the videos. HRW spoke with the families of some of the POWs in the videos, who provided photographs and other documents establishing their identity, and confirmed that these relatives were serving either in the Artsakh Defence Army, or the Armenian armed forces. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | A criminal case was opened in Azerbaijan over the Armenian POWs videos with the country's Prosecutor General's Office stating that inhuman treatment could result in the criminal prosecution of some soldiers serving in the Azerbaijani Armed Forces. It also stated that many of these videos were fake. On 14 December, the Azerbaijani security forces arrested two Azerbaijani privates and two other warrant officers accused of insulting the bodies of the Armenian servicemen and gravestones belonging to Armenians. The Azerbaijani human rights activists considered the government reaction to the suspected war crimes to be adequate, although some Azerbaijani social media users argued about whether their persecution was justified, also criticising Armenia not investigating its suspected war crimes. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | On 19 March 2021, Human Rights Watch published a report regarding Armenian prisoners of war abused by Azerbaijani forces, subjecting them to cruel and degrading treatment and torture either when they were captured, during their transfer, or while in custody at various detention facilities. Hugh Williamson, Europe and Central Asia director at Human Rights Watch, named these actions by Azerbaijani forces "abhorrent and a war crime". |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | Azerbaijani war crimes | On 3 May 2021, Artak Zeynalyan reported that Azerbaijani servicemen tortured and killed 19 Armenian POWs, which is a war crime. The list of 19 killed includes 12 civilians and seven servicemen. According to Human Rights Defender of Armenia Arman Tatoyan, the study of the collected videos and photos shows that the tortures, cruelties, and inhuman treatment by the Azerbaijani Armed Forces against Armenian POWs have been committed with motives of ethnic hatred. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | White phosphorus use allegations | On 30 October, Armenian and Artsakh authorities had accused the Azerbaijani forces of using phosphorus to burn forests near Shusha. This was supported by "Ecocide alert" from 51 non-governmental organisations under the auspices of Transparency International. France 24 reported that Azerbaijan could have used white phosphorus during the war, highlighting that its use is strictly regulated under an international agreement that neither Azerbaijan nor Armenia have signed. A reporter of The Independent who visited the National Burns Centre in Yerevan saw the soldiers' burns, which, according to deputy director of the centre, were consistent with white phosphorus damage in 80% cases. Patrick Knipper, an orthopaedic surgeon and a specialist in severe burns at the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, who was in Yerevan as part of a French assistance mission to help with the treatment of the injured arriving from the front, provided the first independent confirmation of burns being the result of white phosphorus munition use to Le Point magazine, highlighting the characteristic deep burns, hypocalcaemia and sudden deaths in his conclusion Azerbaijan denied using white phosphorus. Two interviewed Russian military experts did not find evidence provided by the Armenian side to be convincing, and expressed their doubts that white phosphorus was used by either side of the conflict. However, on 22 September 2021, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Amendment, calling for a report on Azerbaijani war crimes, including the use of illegal munitions and white phosphorus against Armenian civilians. |
War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War | 75,688,311 | White phosphorus use allegations | In late October and early November, Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of using white phosphorus on civilian areas. Then, on 4 November, Azerbaijan National Agency for Mine Action (ANAMA) reported finding unexploded white phosphorus munitions in Səhləbad, near Tartar, which, according to Azerbaijan, were fired by the Armenian forces. Azerbaijani authorities claimed the Armenian forces were transporting white phosphorus into the region. On 20 November, Prosecutor General's Office of Azerbaijan filed a lawsuit, accusing the Armenian Armed Forces of using phosphorus ammunition in Nagorno-Karabakh, as well as in Tartar District, and chemical munitions to "inflict large-scale and long-term harm to the environment" in Fuzuli and Tartar Districts, as well as around Shusha. |
2023 attacks on the Maersk Hangzhou | 75,688,328 | The action of 30-31 December 2023 was a naval engagement fought between the United States Navy and the naval forces of the Houthi naval forces of the Supreme Political Council. The Houthis attacked the Maersk freighter Maersk Hangzhou and attempted to board her. The US Navy responded and defeated the Houthi naval squadron deployed to take the freighter, although the attack still resulted in the disruption of shipping through the Red sea as Maersk announced a pause on shipping following the attack. |
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2023 attacks on the Maersk Hangzhou | 75,688,328 | Background | With the start of the 2023 Israel-Hamas war, the Houthi controlled Supreme Political Council declared its support for Hamas and began launching attacks on shipping transiting through the Red Sea. These attacks caused Maersk, a major international shipping company, to announce on December 15th that its ships would no longer use the Red Sea and instead would transit around the Cape of Good Hope In response to the Houthi attacks, the United States government announced Operation Prosperity Guardian, a naval operation undertaken by Combined Task Force 153 to protect shipping from Houthi attacks. With the increase in security provided by Operation Prosperity Guardian, Maersk announced on 29 December 2023, that its shipping operations would resume transiting the Red Sea. As an incentive for the crew members of ships making such transits, Maersk announced its crews passing through the Red Sea would receive double pay. One of the first Maersk freighters to resume transits through the Red Sea was the M/V Maersk Hangzhou. |
2023 attacks on the Maersk Hangzhou | 75,688,328 | Background | For increased protection, the Maersk Hangzhou had aboard a team of armed private security contractors as it transited the Red Sea. Additionally, the United States Navy's Carrier Strike Group 2 had been deployed to the Red Sea as part of Operation Prosperity Guardian. This strike group consisted of the aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower and its escorting Arleigh Burke class destroyer, USS Laboon and USS Gravely. The USS Eisenhower was equipped with numerous F-18 fighter aircraft and helicopters. The destroyers were equipped with an array of missiles, 5-inch guns and smaller caliber weapons. The Laboon and Gravely also each carried one and two Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk helicopters respectively. |
2023 attacks on the Maersk Hangzhou | 75,688,328 | Background | In contrast, the Houthi forces pitted against Operation Prosperity Guardian utilized coastal defense missile batteries and suicide attack drones to launch their attacks. While most of the major naval assets the Houthis had captured during the Yemeni Civil War were destroyed near the start of said war, the Houthi naval forces had at their disposal a number of fast attack craft armed with light autocannons, machine guns and anti-tank missiles. |
2023 attacks on the Maersk Hangzhou | 75,688,328 | Engagements | As the Maersk Hangzhou sailed through the Red Sea on 30 December 2023, it was attacked by Houthi missile batteries with at least one missile hitting the ship at approximately 8:30 P.M. local time. The USS Laboon and USS Gravely sailed to the scene and Gravely successfully intercepted two ballistic missiles launched by the Houthis. |
2023 attacks on the Maersk Hangzhou | 75,688,328 | Engagements | The next day, the Maersk Hangzhou was approached by a squadron of four Houthi armed boats armed with mounted weapons. At approximately 06:30 Yemeni time (03:30 GMT), the Houthi squadron sailed within 20 meters of the Maersk Hangzhou and attempted to take her via a boarding action. The freighter's security contractors then engaged the Houthis while the freighter issued a distress call. Helicopters from the USS Eisenhower and USS Gravely were then dispatched to the scene. On arriving they were engaged by the Houthi squadron. The American helicopters returned fire, sinking three of the Houthi craft and killing their crews. The fourth Houthi boat managed to escape. |
2023 attacks on the Maersk Hangzhou | 75,688,328 | Aftermath | After the action ended, the United States' CENTCOM announced that its forces had suffered no casualties or damage. The Houthis acknowledged losing 10 killed as a result of the engagement. The Maersk Hangzhao was able to continue its journey north to Port Suez under its own power. However, as a result of the attack, Maersk announced that it was once again suspending its operations through the Red Sea. |
2023 attacks on the Maersk Hangzhou | 75,688,328 | Footnotes | |
2024 Wokingham Borough Council election | 75,688,330 | The 2024 Wokingham Borough Council election is scheduled to take place on Thursday 2 May 2024, alongside the other local elections in the United Kingdom on the same day. |
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2024 Wokingham Borough Council election | 75,688,330 | Background | The council usually elects members in thirds every year except the 4th in a four-year cycle. However, due to a boundary review of the wards by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England, all 54 seats to Wokingham Borough Council are up for election. At the previous election, held in 2023, the Liberal Democrats gained 3 seats to have 26 seats, leaving the council in no overall control, as a majority is 28 seats. |
Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | Vincent Weston (October 1855 – 12 December 1937) was an English footballer from the late 19th century who won the FA Cup in 1880 as a half-back for Clapham Rovers. |
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Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | Early life | Weston was born in Kingston-upon-Thames, London, in October 1855, the fifth son of John Weston (1817–1887) and his wife Augusta Ellen née Wood (1817–1891). His father was a merchant and financial agent. |
Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | Rowing | Vincent and his four brothers, including fellow footballer Percy, were members of the London Rowing Club; being small in stature, they made perfect coxes, and "Little" Vincent was competing internationally before he was a teenager. His greatest honour as a cox was steering a London RC foursome to victory in the Stewards' Challenge Cup at Henley four times between 1868 and 1872. |
Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | Football | Weston's first appearance on the football field was for Barnes - a football club associated with a rowing club - alongside two of his brothers in October 1871, against Westminster School. The following month he played for Barnes against the Civil Service in the first round of the first FA Cup. |
Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | Football | He played 11 more times for Barnes in the FA Cup from 1872–73 to 1878–79, usually as a half-back, including in Barnes' surprise draw with Wanderers in 1877–78, being "especially notable for his accurate kicking". |
Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | Football | For the 1879–80 FA Cup he switched allegiance to Clapham Rovers, and his first match in the competition for his new club was a 7–0 win over Romford, Weston being picked out for his conspicuous play. He played in every round, and in the final (against Oxford University) Weston - who "played admirably" - made a key defensive clearance when the match was still scoreless. |
Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | Football | He continued to play for Rovers in the following year's competition, becoming something of a dead-ball specialist, tasked with corners and free-kicks. His final game in the competition came in a defeat to the Old Etonians in a first round replay in 1881–82. His last recorded football appearance was captaining the Stock Exchange side against Lloyd's of London in their annual match in 1882; his former Clapham Rovers team-mate Robert Ogilvie captained the opposition. |
Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | Football | Although he never picked up an International cap, he did represent the Football Association several times in representative matches in 1879–80. |
Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | Later life | Weston became a stock dealer, in partnership with his nephew Spencer Weston. He married Edith Fanny Clara Colnaghi, who pre-deceased him, in early 1911. |
Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | Later life | Weston died in Shanklin on the Isle of Wight in December 1937, leaving assets of £422 2/- to Alan Tremlett, another Stock Exchange member. |
Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | Honours | Clapham Rovers |
Vincent Weston | 75,688,335 | References | |
Luisa Teresa Pacheco | 75,688,345 | Luisa Teresa Pacheco de Chacón (f. 10 August 2023) was a Venezuelan politician. She was the first female governor of Táchira state, appointed by President Jaime Lusinchi. Among the events that took place during her administration was the formal inauguration of the Táchira Museum on 14 December 1984. Luisa Teresa has also worked as a teacher. |
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Listed buildings in Ainderby Miers with Holtby | 75,688,356 | Ainderby Miers with Holtby is a civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It contains seven listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish is mainly rural, and contains the settlements of Ainderby Miers and Holtby, and the surrounding countryside. The listed buildings consist of farmhouses, farm buildings, a house and a bridge. |
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United Football League (2024) | 75,688,380 | The United Football League is a professional American football minor league scheduled to start play in March of 2024. The league was created following the merger of the XFL and USFL. |
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United Football League (2024) | 75,688,380 | Background | In September 2023, Axios reported that the XFL was in advanced talks with the USFL to merge the two leagues prior to the start of their 2024 seasons. On September 28, 2023, the XFL and USFL announced their intent to merge with details surrounding the merger to be announced at a later date. The merger would also require regulatory approval. In October 2023 the XFL filed a trademark application for the name "United Football League". On November 30, 2023, Garcia announced via her Instagram page that the leagues had received regulatory approval for the merger and were finalizing plans for a "combined season" to begin March 30, 2024. |
Battese | 75,688,409 | Battese is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: |
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Liz Carolina Jaramillo | 75,688,412 | Liz Carolina Jaramillo De Miranda (2 August 1981) is a Venezuelan politician, currently an alternate deputy of the National Assembly for the Aragua state. |
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Liz Carolina Jaramillo | 75,688,412 | Career | She was elected as alternate deputy for the National Assembly for Circuit 4 of Aragua state for the 2016-2021 term in the 2015 parliamentary elections, representing the Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) opposition coalition. She has also been a member of the committee of legislators before the Mercosur Parliament. In 2021, it was reported that she had been encouraged to run for mayor of San Sebastián de Aragua, but that in the end it would have been almost impossible for her to compete with the two male candidates who ran. |
Liz Carolina Jaramillo | 75,688,412 | Career | Afterwards, in 2022, she was appointed as Vice President of the Parliamentary Committee on Administration and Services for the 2022-2023 term. |
Liz Carolina Jaramillo | 75,688,412 | Personal life | During the COVID-19 pandemic, her mother died in March 2021 from complications related to the disease. By that year, she was the only daughter in the country to care for her father. Jaramillo is the wife of the mayor of San Sebastián de los Reyes municipality in Aragua, Carlos "Koyak" Miranda. |
Valerie Lund | 75,688,423 | Valerie Joan Lund (born 9 May, 1953) DBE CBE FRCS is a British surgeon and Emeritus Professor in Rhinology at University College London. Lund has worked on endoscopic endonasal surgery and studies sinonasal conditions She was made a CBE in the 2024 New Year Honours. |
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Valerie Lund | 75,688,423 | Early life and education | Lund studied medicine at the University of London and Charing Cross Hospital. She completed her Master in Surgery in 1986 and was elected to the Royal College of Surgeons in 1993. She was made a member of council in 1994, and eventually chaired the Woman in Surgical Training Committee. |
Valerie Lund | 75,688,423 | Research and career | Lund studies sinonasal conditions. She has extensively developed endoscopic sinus surgery, and believes that precision medicine will improve patient outcomes during sinus surgery. She developed the Lund-Mackay score that can be used to better understand rhinosinusitis. |
Valerie Lund | 75,688,423 | Research and career | In 2008 the artist Jane Brettle painted a poitrait of Lund for the Hunterian Museum. Alongside her clinical duties, Lund served as President of ENT UK from 2012 to 2015. |
Diamond Staton-Williams | 75,688,424 | Diamond Staton-Williams is an American politician, registered nurse and business owner. She has been a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives representing the 73rd district (parts of Cabarrus County). She has served since 2023. |
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Diamond Staton-Williams | 75,688,424 | In the 2022 North Carolina House of Representatives election Staton-Williams beat Republican nominee Brian Echevarria by 629 votes. This victory helped stop a Republican supermajority in the House by one seat. |
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2024 UFL season | 75,688,425 | The 2024 UFL season will be the first season of the United Football League. |
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Käthe Bierbaumer | 75,688,430 | Käthe Bierbaumer, also known as Katharina Bierbaumer (born July 4, 1884 in Neustift in the Burgenland district of Mattersburg; died after 1943), was a pioneer of National Socialism in Germany. She was a publisher, entrepreneur, sponsor of the Thule Society and investor in the Franz-Eher Verlag. She is known as a financial backer of Adolf Hitler in the early days of the NSDAP after World War I. |
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Käthe Bierbaumer | 75,688,430 | Youth, early years in Germany | Käthe Bierbaumer was born on July 4, 1884 in Neustift (today Újteleki) in the Burgenland district of Mattersburg near Ödenburg (today part of Hungary as Sopron). Her family is said to have emigrated to the Ottoman Empire before the First World War. It is unknown under what circumstances she arrived in Germany during or after the war. She seems to have lived in Bad Aibling at the lastest from 1918 in the milieu of the Teutonic Order and the Thule Society Later residences were in Bad Sachsa and Freiburg im Breisgau.. |
Käthe Bierbaumer | 75,688,430 | Thule Society | Katharina Bierbaumer was a member of the Germanic Order and the Thule Society as well as the main shareholder of the publishing house Franz Eher Nachfahren in Munich. She was the life companion, patron and partner of Rudolf von Sebottendorff (actually Adam Alfred Rudolf Glauer), who had been editor of the Münchner Beobachter (the predecessor newspaper of the NSDAP party organ Völkischer Beobachter) published by Franz Eher since August 1918. On September 14, 1918, her name was entered in the commercial register as the owner of the publishing house Franz Eher Nachfahren with the address Parkstraße 335 in Bad Aibling. On September 30, 1918, the publishing house was renamed "Franz Eher Nachfolger GmbH". Käthe Bierbaumer (now listed as living in Freiburg) and Sebottendorff's sister Dora Kunze were now registered as shareholders. |
Käthe Bierbaumer | 75,688,430 | Thule Society | On December 17, 1920, the NSDAP acquired the paper from its eight owners via the front man Anton Drexler for 120,000 marks, before ownership was then transferred to Adolf Hitler in November 1921. According to other sources, Hitler was entered in the commercial register on December 17 together with Käthe Bierbaumer and Dora Kunze as principal partners Käthe Bierbaumer is also said to have been one of Hitler's personal financial patrons.. |
Käthe Bierbaumer | 75,688,430 | During the Nazi dictatorship | On January 13, 1934, Käthe Bierbaumer submitted a petition to Rudolf Hess as a former member of the Thule Society on behalf of Rudolf Freiherr von Sebottendorf, who had been taken into protective custody on the basis of a "denunciation". The petition was forwarded to the Bavarian Political Police, who classified Sebottendorf as a swindler and impostor. The Staff of the Deputy Führer (StdF) had did not object Sebottendorf's expulsion. |
Käthe Bierbaumer | 75,688,430 | Internment on the Isle of Man | Käthe Bierbaumer was interned for several years as an Enemy alien on the Isle of Man and in the United Kingdom under the registration number 1388. According to records of the Rushen Internment Camp on the Isle of Man, Bierbaumer is said to have entered the Great Britain on September 16th, 1937. Her last address outside the United Kingdom was the Pension Ville Frey in Bern. She held the Austrian passport with no. 235, which had been issued in Munich on January 14th, 1929. Her internment was ordered by Metro Police verdict no. 2 of December 20th, 1938. On May 3rd, 1940, the Secretary of State exempted her from internment until further notice. However, she appears to have been interned later, as she was allowed to leave Rushen Camp on November 11th, 1940, to attend court in Douglas and the Home Office Advisory Committee. On the same day it was noted that she was to be interned further. On October 4th, 1941, she left the Isle of Man accompanied to 101 Nightingale Lane, London. She appears to have returned to the Isle of Man, as on October 13th, 1943, she is recorded as having left the island again with an escort, now with the aim of "repatriation". After that, her traces are lost. |
Liz María Márquez | 75,688,431 | Liz María Márquez is a Venezuelan politician, currently an alternate deputy of the National Assembly for the Zulia state. |
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Liz María Márquez | 75,688,431 | Career | Ulacio was elected as alternate deputy for the National Assembly for the Zulia state for the 2016-2021 term in the 2015 parliamentary elections, representing the Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) opposition coalition. She has been the alternate deputy for Omar Barboza, for whom she has also been alternate for the 2011-2016 legislative period. In the 2021 municipal elections, she was nominated as candidate for mayor of the of the Machiques de Perijá municipality in the state. |
New Year (novel) | 75,688,437 | New Year (German: Neujahr) is a 2018 novel by the German writer Juli Zeh. |
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