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75,581,515 |
2024 Four Nationals Figure Skating Championships
|
The 2024 Four Nationals Figure Skating Championships included the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary. It took place on December 14-16, 2023 in Turnov, Czech Republic. The results were split by country; the three highest-placing skaters from each country formed their national podiums in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The results were among the criteria used to determine international assignments.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 Four Nationals Figure Skating Championships included the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary. It took place on December 14-16, 2023 in Turnov, Czech Republic. The results were split by country; the three highest-placing skaters from each country formed their national podiums in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The results were among the criteria used to determine international assignments.",
"title": ""
}
] |
The 2024 Four Nationals Figure Skating Championships included the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary. It took place on December 14-16, 2023 in Turnov, Czech Republic. The results were split by country; the three highest-placing skaters from each country formed their national podiums in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The results were among the criteria used to determine international assignments.
|
2023-12-16T23:14:34Z
|
2023-12-16T23:29:35Z
|
[
"Template:HUN",
"Template:SVK",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Czech Figure Skating Championships",
"Template:Polish Figure Skating Championships",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:N/A",
"Template:Infobox Figure Skating Competition",
"Template:Hungarian Figure Skating Championships",
"Template:2023–24 in figure skating",
"Template:CZE",
"Template:Official",
"Template:Slovak Figure Skating Championships",
"Template:POL"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Four_Nationals_Figure_Skating_Championships
|
75,581,551 |
Margaret MacKay
|
[] |
2023-12-16T23:23:31Z
|
2023-12-16T23:30:39Z
|
[
"Template:Redirect category shell"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_MacKay
|
||
75,581,633 |
Bibliography of Nathan Bedford Forrest
|
This is a bibliography of works about Nathan Bedford Forrest (1821–1877), an American slave trader, cotton plantation owner, Confederate cavalry leader, railroad executive, and Grand Wizard of the First Klan.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is a bibliography of works about Nathan Bedford Forrest (1821–1877), an American slave trader, cotton plantation owner, Confederate cavalry leader, railroad executive, and Grand Wizard of the First Klan.",
"title": ""
}
] |
This is a bibliography of works about Nathan Bedford Forrest (1821–1877), an American slave trader, cotton plantation owner, Confederate cavalry leader, railroad executive, and Grand Wizard of the First Klan.
|
2023-12-16T23:34:35Z
|
2023-12-18T01:35:40Z
|
[
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite report"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Nathan_Bedford_Forrest
|
75,581,641 |
Lace It
|
"Lace It" is a song by American rappers Juice Wrld and Eminem and American record producer Benny Blanco. It was released through Grade A Productions and Interscope Records as a single on December 16, 2023. All three artists wrote the song with producers Cashmere Cat, Happy Perez, and Luis Resto, the latter three of whom produced it with Blanco himself, while Eminem co-produced it himself. The song was released on the same day as Juice Wrld day, an annual festival that is held on the third Saturday of December at the United Center in Juice's hometown of Chicago, Illinois in which rappers perform to pay tribute to Juice because of his death.
In a press release: Juice's mother, Carmela Wallace, spoke about the song:
I can recall Jarad [Anthony Higgins aka Juice WRLD] playing Eminem's music on repeat at home because he was a huge fan. This is a bittersweet moment for me; I am happy that Jarad had a chance to make music with someone he admired and sad that he cannot be here to take in the moment; Jarad left us way too soon.
On the song, Juice talks about the impact of the drugs he took in his lifetime. Eminem reflects on his own struggle with drugs early in his career: "I was lucky, my escape was narrow and due / Now think I take it for granted / That I'm still here, synthetic heroin you tried to kill me, then you murdered Jarad, didn't you? / Juice WRLD / Addiction's like a fuckin' vicious cycle / Juice, we will forever miss you / To the younger generation, I ain't lecturin' you, but man just be careful when you…". He name-drops celebrities that died from drugs, such as Lil Peep, Ol' Dirty Bastard, Shock G, Pimp C, Prince, and Michael Jackson.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"Lace It\" is a song by American rappers Juice Wrld and Eminem and American record producer Benny Blanco. It was released through Grade A Productions and Interscope Records as a single on December 16, 2023. All three artists wrote the song with producers Cashmere Cat, Happy Perez, and Luis Resto, the latter three of whom produced it with Blanco himself, while Eminem co-produced it himself. The song was released on the same day as Juice Wrld day, an annual festival that is held on the third Saturday of December at the United Center in Juice's hometown of Chicago, Illinois in which rappers perform to pay tribute to Juice because of his death.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In a press release: Juice's mother, Carmela Wallace, spoke about the song:",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "I can recall Jarad [Anthony Higgins aka Juice WRLD] playing Eminem's music on repeat at home because he was a huge fan. This is a bittersweet moment for me; I am happy that Jarad had a chance to make music with someone he admired and sad that he cannot be here to take in the moment; Jarad left us way too soon.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On the song, Juice talks about the impact of the drugs he took in his lifetime. Eminem reflects on his own struggle with drugs early in his career: \"I was lucky, my escape was narrow and due / Now think I take it for granted / That I'm still here, synthetic heroin you tried to kill me, then you murdered Jarad, didn't you? / Juice WRLD / Addiction's like a fuckin' vicious cycle / Juice, we will forever miss you / To the younger generation, I ain't lecturin' you, but man just be careful when you…\". He name-drops celebrities that died from drugs, such as Lil Peep, Ol' Dirty Bastard, Shock G, Pimp C, Prince, and Michael Jackson.",
"title": "Composition and lyrics"
}
] |
"Lace It" is a song by American rappers Juice Wrld and Eminem and American record producer Benny Blanco. It was released through Grade A Productions and Interscope Records as a single on December 16, 2023. All three artists wrote the song with producers Cashmere Cat, Happy Perez, and Luis Resto, the latter three of whom produced it with Blanco himself, while Eminem co-produced it himself. The song was released on the same day as Juice Wrld day, an annual festival that is held on the third Saturday of December at the United Center in Juice's hometown of Chicago, Illinois in which rappers perform to pay tribute to Juice because of his death.
|
2023-12-16T23:38:43Z
|
2023-12-30T04:57:10Z
|
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"Template:Cite magazine",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Juice Wrld",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use American English",
"Template:Eminem singles"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lace_It
|
75,581,644 |
First Klan
|
The First Klan is a neologism or retronym used to describe the first of three distinct operational eras of the Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist domestic terrorist group of the United States. The First Klan, or Reconstruction Klan, was followed by the Second Klan, which had its peak in the 1920s, and finally by the Third Klan, extant since the 1960s. According to historian Carl Degler, "Aside from the name, about the only common trait that the three Klans possess is vigilantism."
The first Klan was extant during the Reconstruction Era following the defeat of the Confederacy in the American Civil War. (There were numerous similar groups operating under other names: Red Shirts, Knights of the White Camellia, the Black Cavalry, etc.) The goal of this Klan was to intimidate freedmen and reformers ("niggers, carpetbaggers, and scalawags") into surrendering their newly gained political and social power over what had once been the hegemonic white control of the Old South. Per a 1976 report, "The extent of these Klan activities will never be known. Nor can it ever be determined the extent of fear that such activities engendered in their targets. Although it is known that close to 1,000 murders were committed by Klansmen, this figure represents only a very small part of the Klan terror." Federal investigations and prosecutions such as the South Carolina Ku Klux Klan Trials of 1871–1872 and legislation such as the Ku Klux Klan Act attempted to expose and to repress the group.
Unlike the Second Klan, which was a national organization, the First Klan was primarily a regional entity, most active in those former slave states that had supplied the most manpower to the Confederacy. This group largely achieved its goals following the Compromise of 1876 and slowly declined in significance.
As the Klan concept spread outward from Tennessee in 1867 and 1868, the basic structure was State – Congressional District – County, reflecting their preoccupation with reserving representative democracy for themselves alone. State leaders were called Grand Dragons of the Realm, congressional district leaders were Grand Titans of the Dominion, and county leaders were Grand Giants of the Province.
In Walton County, Georgia, a "typical" Southern county with a population of 11,000 in 1870, "there were three dens of Klansmen operating in the county, each with approximately 75 to 100 members." The president of Spartanburg Female College in South Carolina estimated that roughly 80 percent of white male voters in Spartanburg County were in the Klan in 1870–1871. Between them they victimized 227 people, and killed four African-American members of the South Carolina State Militia. In Mississippi, there is evidence of collaboration between small-town Klans as both a means of operational security and as for increased manpower: "The Ku Klux Klan of Winona went to Grenada and were likewise aided by the Grenada Klan. In this way there was less chance of being recognized."
The First Klan was often a flamboyantly-styled continuation of the antebellum slave patrol. Typically horse-mounted, well-armed, and functioning at the behest of whites who rested atop any given region's socioeconomic ladder, the pre-war slave patrol begat the wartime bushwhacker begat the post-war Klan paramilitary. Per historian Michael Fitzgerald, the main "difference was that planters lost their financial motivation to protect slaves' lives. Little restrained self-appointed patrollers after the war."
Horse-mounted hunters versus freedmen often without the means to afford proper shoes was a succinct visual summary of the power dynamic at work. As Walter Johnson wrote about escaped slaves, "Beginning with the idea of the horse as a tool that converted grain into policing, one might define the several dimensions of horse-borne slaveholding power...More than that, as the historian Rhys Isaac long ago observed, a slaveholder (or patroller) on horseback visually commanded the landscape; traveling several feet above 'eye level' vastly expanded the immediate field of slaveholding power."
One Alabama survivor of slavery, "Nancy Pugh, decades later, mixed the Klan and prewar patrols together indiscriminately in her memory."
According to professor William Peirce Randel [d], the Klan had three advantages in its war on Radical Reconstruction: "operations in total secrecy, the ability to ignore forms of legalism, and the support of the great majority of the Southern whites." The first and second of these advantages were combined in the fact that "the Klan's capacity for deceit was virtually limitless. Editors and politicians who were subsequently proved to have been Klansmen themselves derided the very notion that a Klan existed."
According to one history of Reconstruction in Mississippi, "The oath taken at initiation was as follows: 'You do solemnly swear, in the presence of Almighty God and before this assembly of witnesses, that you will do the acts commanded of you by the commander of this Ku Klux Klan, outside of the civil law, so help you God.' The question put to the candidate when initiated was: 'What are the objects of the Ku Klux Klan?' Answer: 'It is to suppress the negro and keep him in the position where he belongs, and to see that the Democratic party controls this country.'"
A different Mississippi county history recounts, "The costume worn by members of the klan was usually made by their wives. It was either a white, loose-flowing garment or a black robe with white stripes across the breast, and a tall, pointed cap, 3⁄4 of a yard long. They wore tin buttons on the front of their clothes. These were made by a tinsmith, named Henery Nance, who lived in Oakland. The horses were covered with sheets to keep them from being recognized. The Ku Klux Klan in Grenada was organized by seven prominent citizens in the bank building, in a room directly over a barber shop. It met in the back room of some store, in a deserted house, or in the cemetery. Lights were not allowed." Elaborate regalia was also known in Alabama: "pasteboard funnel hats, long gowns, and red pants with white stripes up and down the seams, with full disguises for the horses as well."
There are multiple accounts of Klansmen of the era playacting at being ghosts or walking dead bodies, perhaps risen from their graves on a Civil War battlefield to reinforce the racial order with spooky messages. These shows were believed to be convincing performances that the "ignorant, superstitious negroes" took seriously.
In Tennessee, "the most typical activity was the taking of guns from Negroes." In Alabama, whippings were "the default mode of Klan intimidation." In Mississippi, one threatening letter outlined that a vote had been taken about the target and whether or not they were guilty of certain "crimes", and explained that they typically granted their potential victims no more than three days to depart the vicinity.
Intimidation of anyone involved in the education of black Americans was common. For example, "On Saturday night, February 22, [1868] about 20 Ku Klux paraded through Murfreesboro, some lingering around the house of teachers of Negro schools." According to one history, "With almost no exceptions the teachers were resented as 'radicals and social equality propagandists'." Teachers who arrived in more rural areas faced almost total ostracism and no little danger from the Klan and company, "which helps explain why the most successful Negro schools were in larger places such as Charleston and Memphis. Female teachers from the North were typically ignored by the First Klan, although they were often harassed by Southern society generally. Male teachers who did not comply with Klan commands to leave town were often tortured.
The distinction between First, Second, and Third Klans itself dates to the 1960s.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The First Klan is a neologism or retronym used to describe the first of three distinct operational eras of the Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist domestic terrorist group of the United States. The First Klan, or Reconstruction Klan, was followed by the Second Klan, which had its peak in the 1920s, and finally by the Third Klan, extant since the 1960s. According to historian Carl Degler, \"Aside from the name, about the only common trait that the three Klans possess is vigilantism.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The first Klan was extant during the Reconstruction Era following the defeat of the Confederacy in the American Civil War. (There were numerous similar groups operating under other names: Red Shirts, Knights of the White Camellia, the Black Cavalry, etc.) The goal of this Klan was to intimidate freedmen and reformers (\"niggers, carpetbaggers, and scalawags\") into surrendering their newly gained political and social power over what had once been the hegemonic white control of the Old South. Per a 1976 report, \"The extent of these Klan activities will never be known. Nor can it ever be determined the extent of fear that such activities engendered in their targets. Although it is known that close to 1,000 murders were committed by Klansmen, this figure represents only a very small part of the Klan terror.\" Federal investigations and prosecutions such as the South Carolina Ku Klux Klan Trials of 1871–1872 and legislation such as the Ku Klux Klan Act attempted to expose and to repress the group.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Unlike the Second Klan, which was a national organization, the First Klan was primarily a regional entity, most active in those former slave states that had supplied the most manpower to the Confederacy. This group largely achieved its goals following the Compromise of 1876 and slowly declined in significance.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "As the Klan concept spread outward from Tennessee in 1867 and 1868, the basic structure was State – Congressional District – County, reflecting their preoccupation with reserving representative democracy for themselves alone. State leaders were called Grand Dragons of the Realm, congressional district leaders were Grand Titans of the Dominion, and county leaders were Grand Giants of the Province.",
"title": "Organization"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In Walton County, Georgia, a \"typical\" Southern county with a population of 11,000 in 1870, \"there were three dens of Klansmen operating in the county, each with approximately 75 to 100 members.\" The president of Spartanburg Female College in South Carolina estimated that roughly 80 percent of white male voters in Spartanburg County were in the Klan in 1870–1871. Between them they victimized 227 people, and killed four African-American members of the South Carolina State Militia. In Mississippi, there is evidence of collaboration between small-town Klans as both a means of operational security and as for increased manpower: \"The Ku Klux Klan of Winona went to Grenada and were likewise aided by the Grenada Klan. In this way there was less chance of being recognized.\"",
"title": "Organization"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The First Klan was often a flamboyantly-styled continuation of the antebellum slave patrol. Typically horse-mounted, well-armed, and functioning at the behest of whites who rested atop any given region's socioeconomic ladder, the pre-war slave patrol begat the wartime bushwhacker begat the post-war Klan paramilitary. Per historian Michael Fitzgerald, the main \"difference was that planters lost their financial motivation to protect slaves' lives. Little restrained self-appointed patrollers after the war.\"",
"title": "Organization"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Horse-mounted hunters versus freedmen often without the means to afford proper shoes was a succinct visual summary of the power dynamic at work. As Walter Johnson wrote about escaped slaves, \"Beginning with the idea of the horse as a tool that converted grain into policing, one might define the several dimensions of horse-borne slaveholding power...More than that, as the historian Rhys Isaac long ago observed, a slaveholder (or patroller) on horseback visually commanded the landscape; traveling several feet above 'eye level' vastly expanded the immediate field of slaveholding power.\"",
"title": "Organization"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "One Alabama survivor of slavery, \"Nancy Pugh, decades later, mixed the Klan and prewar patrols together indiscriminately in her memory.\"",
"title": "Organization"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "According to professor William Peirce Randel [d], the Klan had three advantages in its war on Radical Reconstruction: \"operations in total secrecy, the ability to ignore forms of legalism, and the support of the great majority of the Southern whites.\" The first and second of these advantages were combined in the fact that \"the Klan's capacity for deceit was virtually limitless. Editors and politicians who were subsequently proved to have been Klansmen themselves derided the very notion that a Klan existed.\"",
"title": "Practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "According to one history of Reconstruction in Mississippi, \"The oath taken at initiation was as follows: 'You do solemnly swear, in the presence of Almighty God and before this assembly of witnesses, that you will do the acts commanded of you by the commander of this Ku Klux Klan, outside of the civil law, so help you God.' The question put to the candidate when initiated was: 'What are the objects of the Ku Klux Klan?' Answer: 'It is to suppress the negro and keep him in the position where he belongs, and to see that the Democratic party controls this country.'\"",
"title": "Practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "A different Mississippi county history recounts, \"The costume worn by members of the klan was usually made by their wives. It was either a white, loose-flowing garment or a black robe with white stripes across the breast, and a tall, pointed cap, 3⁄4 of a yard long. They wore tin buttons on the front of their clothes. These were made by a tinsmith, named Henery Nance, who lived in Oakland. The horses were covered with sheets to keep them from being recognized. The Ku Klux Klan in Grenada was organized by seven prominent citizens in the bank building, in a room directly over a barber shop. It met in the back room of some store, in a deserted house, or in the cemetery. Lights were not allowed.\" Elaborate regalia was also known in Alabama: \"pasteboard funnel hats, long gowns, and red pants with white stripes up and down the seams, with full disguises for the horses as well.\"",
"title": "Practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "There are multiple accounts of Klansmen of the era playacting at being ghosts or walking dead bodies, perhaps risen from their graves on a Civil War battlefield to reinforce the racial order with spooky messages. These shows were believed to be convincing performances that the \"ignorant, superstitious negroes\" took seriously.",
"title": "Practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In Tennessee, \"the most typical activity was the taking of guns from Negroes.\" In Alabama, whippings were \"the default mode of Klan intimidation.\" In Mississippi, one threatening letter outlined that a vote had been taken about the target and whether or not they were guilty of certain \"crimes\", and explained that they typically granted their potential victims no more than three days to depart the vicinity.",
"title": "Practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Intimidation of anyone involved in the education of black Americans was common. For example, \"On Saturday night, February 22, [1868] about 20 Ku Klux paraded through Murfreesboro, some lingering around the house of teachers of Negro schools.\" According to one history, \"With almost no exceptions the teachers were resented as 'radicals and social equality propagandists'.\" Teachers who arrived in more rural areas faced almost total ostracism and no little danger from the Klan and company, \"which helps explain why the most successful Negro schools were in larger places such as Charleston and Memphis. Female teachers from the North were typically ignored by the First Klan, although they were often harassed by Southern society generally. Male teachers who did not comply with Klan commands to leave town were often tortured.",
"title": "Practices"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The distinction between First, Second, and Third Klans itself dates to the 1960s.",
"title": "Historiography"
}
] |
The First Klan is a neologism or retronym used to describe the first of three distinct operational eras of the Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist domestic terrorist group of the United States. The First Klan, or Reconstruction Klan, was followed by the Second Klan, which had its peak in the 1920s, and finally by the Third Klan, extant since the 1960s. According to historian Carl Degler, "Aside from the name, about the only common trait that the three Klans possess is vigilantism." The first Klan was extant during the Reconstruction Era following the defeat of the Confederacy in the American Civil War. The goal of this Klan was to intimidate freedmen and reformers into surrendering their newly gained political and social power over what had once been the hegemonic white control of the Old South. Per a 1976 report, "The extent of these Klan activities will never be known. Nor can it ever be determined the extent of fear that such activities engendered in their targets. Although it is known that close to 1,000 murders were committed by Klansmen, this figure represents only a very small part of the Klan terror." Federal investigations and prosecutions such as the South Carolina Ku Klux Klan Trials of 1871–1872 and legislation such as the Ku Klux Klan Act attempted to expose and to repress the group. Unlike the Second Klan, which was a national organization, the First Klan was primarily a regional entity, most active in those former slave states that had supplied the most manpower to the Confederacy. This group largely achieved its goals following the Compromise of 1876 and slowly declined in significance.
|
2023-12-16T23:39:11Z
|
2023-12-30T16:35:07Z
|
[
"Template:Ill",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite thesis",
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"Template:Cite report",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Sfnp",
"Template:Circa",
"Template:Fraction",
"Template:Slink",
"Template:Cite book"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Klan
|
75,581,648 |
Margaret Mackay (writer)
|
Margaret Mackay (1802–1887) was a Scottish writer. She was the author of one the best known hymns of her day:- "Asleep in Jesus, blessed sleep".
Margaret Mackay was the wife of Colonel William Mackay, who served in the Peninsular War. Her father, Captain Robert Mackay of Hedgefield, near Inverness, was a native of Sutherlandshire-an old officer who served in several South American campaigns. Her mother was connected with one of the older leading families of Inverness. When attending the first General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at Inverness, Dr Chalmers, being a friend of the family, resided at Hedgefield.
Mackay spent her limited income in helping every good cause. She had a wide circle of acquaintances in the north of Scotland and in different parts of England, where she often resided.
Mackay was the author of a number of volumes, which were well received—all of them being of an evangelical, thoughtful, and instructive nature. These included: The Family of Heatherdale, The Wycliffites, Christian Life in the Camp, Sabbath Musings, and others.
In the introduction to her book-Thoughts Redeemed, or Lays of Leisure Hours (Edinburgh: W. P. Kennedy, 1854) she remarked:-"I have placed at the beginning that entitled "Asleep in Jesus," as one which is already known to several readers. It has afforded me no small degree of satisfaction to learn that these verses have been favoured by resting on the minds of weak and weary individuals, as they were enabled to cast their eyes towards the rest of heaven. This little poem has found its way into selections both in this country and in America, and may therefore introduce into circulation its more retired companions, many of which have never before travelled beyond their humble niche in my own private repository." "Sleeping in Jesus." "This simple inscription is carved on a tombstone in the retired rural burying-ground of Pennycross Chapel, in Devonshire. Distant only a few miles from a bustling and crowded seaport town, reached through a succession of those lovely lanes for which Devonshire is so remarkable, the quiet aspect of Pennycross comes soothingly over the mind Sleeping in Jesus' seems in keeping with all around. Here was no elaborate ornament-no unsightly decay. The trim gravel walk led to the house of prayer, itself boasting of no architectural embellishment to distinguish it; and a few trees were planted irregularly to mark some favoured spots." In a measure, Mrs Mackay shared with her reader the background to this hymn which went around the world, and was sung in churches of all communions.
She died at Cheltenham in 1886, and was interred in the family burying ground at Inverness. On her grave are simply inscribed the first words of her hymn, "Asleep in Jesus!"
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Margaret Mackay (1802–1887) was a Scottish writer. She was the author of one the best known hymns of her day:- \"Asleep in Jesus, blessed sleep\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Margaret Mackay was the wife of Colonel William Mackay, who served in the Peninsular War. Her father, Captain Robert Mackay of Hedgefield, near Inverness, was a native of Sutherlandshire-an old officer who served in several South American campaigns. Her mother was connected with one of the older leading families of Inverness. When attending the first General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at Inverness, Dr Chalmers, being a friend of the family, resided at Hedgefield.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Mackay spent her limited income in helping every good cause. She had a wide circle of acquaintances in the north of Scotland and in different parts of England, where she often resided.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Mackay was the author of a number of volumes, which were well received—all of them being of an evangelical, thoughtful, and instructive nature. These included: The Family of Heatherdale, The Wycliffites, Christian Life in the Camp, Sabbath Musings, and others.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In the introduction to her book-Thoughts Redeemed, or Lays of Leisure Hours (Edinburgh: W. P. Kennedy, 1854) she remarked:-\"I have placed at the beginning that entitled \"Asleep in Jesus,\" as one which is already known to several readers. It has afforded me no small degree of satisfaction to learn that these verses have been favoured by resting on the minds of weak and weary individuals, as they were enabled to cast their eyes towards the rest of heaven. This little poem has found its way into selections both in this country and in America, and may therefore introduce into circulation its more retired companions, many of which have never before travelled beyond their humble niche in my own private repository.\" \"Sleeping in Jesus.\" \"This simple inscription is carved on a tombstone in the retired rural burying-ground of Pennycross Chapel, in Devonshire. Distant only a few miles from a bustling and crowded seaport town, reached through a succession of those lovely lanes for which Devonshire is so remarkable, the quiet aspect of Pennycross comes soothingly over the mind Sleeping in Jesus' seems in keeping with all around. Here was no elaborate ornament-no unsightly decay. The trim gravel walk led to the house of prayer, itself boasting of no architectural embellishment to distinguish it; and a few trees were planted irregularly to mark some favoured spots.\" In a measure, Mrs Mackay shared with her reader the background to this hymn which went around the world, and was sung in churches of all communions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "She died at Cheltenham in 1886, and was interred in the family burying ground at Inverness. On her grave are simply inscribed the first words of her hymn, \"Asleep in Jesus!\"",
"title": ""
}
] |
Margaret Mackay (1802–1887) was a Scottish writer. She was the author of one the best known hymns of her day:- "Asleep in Jesus, blessed sleep". Margaret Mackay was the wife of Colonel William Mackay, who served in the Peninsular War. Her father, Captain Robert Mackay of Hedgefield, near Inverness, was a native of Sutherlandshire-an old officer who served in several South American campaigns. Her mother was connected with one of the older leading families of Inverness. When attending the first General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at Inverness, Dr Chalmers, being a friend of the family, resided at Hedgefield. Mackay spent her limited income in helping every good cause. She had a wide circle of acquaintances in the north of Scotland and in different parts of England, where she often resided. Mackay was the author of a number of volumes, which were well received—all of them being of an evangelical, thoughtful, and instructive nature. These included: The Family of Heatherdale, The Wycliffites, Christian Life in the Camp, Sabbath Musings, and others. In the introduction to her book-Thoughts Redeemed, or Lays of Leisure Hours she remarked:-"I have placed at the beginning that entitled "Asleep in Jesus," as one which is already known to several readers. It has afforded me no small degree of satisfaction to learn that these verses have been favoured by resting on the minds of weak and weary individuals, as they were enabled to cast their eyes towards the rest of heaven. This little poem has found its way into selections both in this country and in America, and may therefore introduce into circulation its more retired companions, many of which have never before travelled beyond their humble niche in my own private repository." "Sleeping in Jesus." "This simple inscription is carved on a tombstone in the retired rural burying-ground of Pennycross Chapel, in Devonshire. Distant only a few miles from a bustling and crowded seaport town, reached through a succession of those lovely lanes for which Devonshire is so remarkable, the quiet aspect of Pennycross comes soothingly over the mind Sleeping in Jesus' seems in keeping with all around. Here was no elaborate ornament-no unsightly decay. The trim gravel walk led to the house of prayer, itself boasting of no architectural embellishment to distinguish it; and a few trees were planted irregularly to mark some favoured spots." In a measure, Mrs Mackay shared with her reader the background to this hymn which went around the world, and was sung in churches of all communions. She died at Cheltenham in 1886, and was interred in the family burying ground at Inverness. On her grave are simply inscribed the first words of her hymn, "Asleep in Jesus!"
|
2023-12-16T23:41:02Z
|
2023-12-17T21:27:50Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Source-attribution",
"Template:Authority control"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Mackay_(writer)
|
75,581,659 |
Sleepless Years
|
Sleepless Years (Hungarian: Álmatlan évek) is a 1959 Hungarian drama film directed by Félix Máriássy and starring Éva Ruttkai, Géza Tordy and Éva Vass. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Melinda Vasáry. It was screened at the 1959 Venice Film Festival.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sleepless Years (Hungarian: Álmatlan évek) is a 1959 Hungarian drama film directed by Félix Máriássy and starring Éva Ruttkai, Géza Tordy and Éva Vass. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Melinda Vasáry. It was screened at the 1959 Venice Film Festival.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Sleepless Years is a 1959 Hungarian drama film directed by Félix Máriássy and starring Éva Ruttkai, Géza Tordy and Éva Vass. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Melinda Vasáry. It was screened at the 1959 Venice Film Festival.
|
2023-12-16T23:43:05Z
|
2023-12-20T23:20:20Z
|
[
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Félix Máriássy",
"Template:Hungary-film-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepless_Years
|
75,581,683 |
Eve Gilles
|
Eve Gilles (born 9 July 2003) is a French model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss France 2024. She had previously been crowned Miss Nord-Pas-de-Calais 2023 and is the fourth woman from Nord-Pas-de-Calais to win Miss France. Due to her pixie cut, Gilles was also cited by the French media as the first woman with short hair to become Miss France.
Gilles was born in Dunkirk to parents Bruno and Édith Gilles (née Calapin-Latchoumy), and was raised in the town of Quaëdypre in the Nord department. Her father is a French land surveyor, while her mother is from the town of Sainte-Marie in Réunion, with Indian ancestry originating from the Malabar Coast; Gilles is the youngest of three daughters, with elder sisters Lisa and Lucie. In her youth, Gilles was active in a variety of activities, such as dance, athletics, and equitation, and had been elected as a class representative throughout her education.
Prior to becoming Miss France, Gilles was a student at the University of Lille, studying mathematics with the career aspiration of becoming a statistician. She had previously completed one year of medical school, but switched her studies to mathematics after discovering a fear of blood; while a student, Gilles also worked at a factory near her hometown.
Gilles began her career in pageantry after signing up to compete in the local Miss Hersin-Coupigny 2023 pageant. She had aspired to become Miss France since her childhood, but was encouraged by her maternal grandfather to finally sign up to compete in a qualifying pageant. The final was held in April 2023, which Gilles went on to win. As Miss Hersin-Coupigny, Gilles was qualified to compete in Miss Nord-Pas-de-Calais 2023.
Gilles later competed in Miss Nord-Pas-de-Calais 2023 in October 2023, where she went on to win the title. As Miss Nord-Pas-de-Calais, she received the right to represent the region at Miss France 2024.
Miss France 2024 was held on 16 December 2023 at the Zénith de Dijon in Dijon. Gilles competed in the finals, where she advanced to the top fifteen and later the top five. At the end of the pageant, Gilles was declared the winner, being crowned by outgoing titleholder Indira Ampiot of Guadeloupe, becoming the fourth woman from Nord-Pas-de-Calais to win the title. Her victory received media attention in France due to her pixie cut, with the French media dubbing Gilles as the first woman with short hair to be crowned Miss France. In the aftermath of the competition, Gilles was the victim of cyberbullying in regards to her physical appearance, with a number of Internet users making negative comments about her hairstyle and body type. Following the criticism, Gilles was defended by a number of French public figures, including politicians Sandrine Rousseau and Karima Delli.
As Miss France, Gilles was awarded a number of prizes and rewards, including a multitude gifts from sponsors, a year-long residence in a luxury Paris apartment, and an undisclosed monthly salary the equivalent of a senior executive in France. Later in December 2023, it was announced that Gilles would participate in the torch relay for the 2024 Summer Olympics.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Eve Gilles (born 9 July 2003) is a French model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss France 2024. She had previously been crowned Miss Nord-Pas-de-Calais 2023 and is the fourth woman from Nord-Pas-de-Calais to win Miss France. Due to her pixie cut, Gilles was also cited by the French media as the first woman with short hair to become Miss France.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Gilles was born in Dunkirk to parents Bruno and Édith Gilles (née Calapin-Latchoumy), and was raised in the town of Quaëdypre in the Nord department. Her father is a French land surveyor, while her mother is from the town of Sainte-Marie in Réunion, with Indian ancestry originating from the Malabar Coast; Gilles is the youngest of three daughters, with elder sisters Lisa and Lucie. In her youth, Gilles was active in a variety of activities, such as dance, athletics, and equitation, and had been elected as a class representative throughout her education.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Prior to becoming Miss France, Gilles was a student at the University of Lille, studying mathematics with the career aspiration of becoming a statistician. She had previously completed one year of medical school, but switched her studies to mathematics after discovering a fear of blood; while a student, Gilles also worked at a factory near her hometown.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Gilles began her career in pageantry after signing up to compete in the local Miss Hersin-Coupigny 2023 pageant. She had aspired to become Miss France since her childhood, but was encouraged by her maternal grandfather to finally sign up to compete in a qualifying pageant. The final was held in April 2023, which Gilles went on to win. As Miss Hersin-Coupigny, Gilles was qualified to compete in Miss Nord-Pas-de-Calais 2023.",
"title": "Pageantry"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Gilles later competed in Miss Nord-Pas-de-Calais 2023 in October 2023, where she went on to win the title. As Miss Nord-Pas-de-Calais, she received the right to represent the region at Miss France 2024.",
"title": "Pageantry"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Miss France 2024 was held on 16 December 2023 at the Zénith de Dijon in Dijon. Gilles competed in the finals, where she advanced to the top fifteen and later the top five. At the end of the pageant, Gilles was declared the winner, being crowned by outgoing titleholder Indira Ampiot of Guadeloupe, becoming the fourth woman from Nord-Pas-de-Calais to win the title. Her victory received media attention in France due to her pixie cut, with the French media dubbing Gilles as the first woman with short hair to be crowned Miss France. In the aftermath of the competition, Gilles was the victim of cyberbullying in regards to her physical appearance, with a number of Internet users making negative comments about her hairstyle and body type. Following the criticism, Gilles was defended by a number of French public figures, including politicians Sandrine Rousseau and Karima Delli.",
"title": "Pageantry"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "As Miss France, Gilles was awarded a number of prizes and rewards, including a multitude gifts from sponsors, a year-long residence in a luxury Paris apartment, and an undisclosed monthly salary the equivalent of a senior executive in France. Later in December 2023, it was announced that Gilles would participate in the torch relay for the 2024 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Pageantry"
}
] |
Eve Gilles is a French model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss France 2024. She had previously been crowned Miss Nord-Pas-de-Calais 2023 and is the fourth woman from Nord-Pas-de-Calais to win Miss France. Due to her pixie cut, Gilles was also cited by the French media as the first woman with short hair to become Miss France.
|
2023-12-16T23:47:57Z
|
2023-12-29T14:30:39Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Miss France titleholders",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Pp-blp",
"Template:Infobox pageant titleholder",
"Template:Url",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:S-inc",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:S-start"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eve_Gilles
|
75,581,717 |
Gonzalo García Lanza
|
Major general Gonzalo García Lanza Campos (10 January 1808 – 20 November 1885) was a Bolivian military officer who fought during the Spanish American wars of independence, the War of the Confederation, and the Peruvian–Bolivian War of 1841–42. He was also politically and militarily active in rebellions, revolutions, and civil wars. He controversially allied himself with Mariano Melgarejo in 1864 and would participate in a bloody coup in 1880, nearly bringing Bolivia to anarchy. He served as Minister of War on three different occasions.
Lanza was born on January 10, 1808, the same year in which his father, Don Gregorio García Lanza, along with Pedro Domingo Murillo and other patriots, initiated the fifteen-year war to free America from the rule of Spain. His mother was the respectable matron Doña Manuela María Campos, another lady who chose to sacrifice the peace of her home and her fortune in favor of the cause of freedom. He was baptized by his uncle, Victorio Lanza, who was also martyred in that revolutionary year. At the age of seven, Lanza entered the school of San Francisco, where he acquired basic knowledge, and later continued his secondary education at the Seminario School.
Lanza decided to adandon school, and on a morning in August 1823, joined the army called "Intermedios," which came from Peru under the command of General Andrés de Santa Cruz. His baptism in arms took place in the Battle of Zepita, where the cadet demonstrated energy and courage during the disastrous retreat in August 1823. In the combat of Falsuri, in October of the same year, where an intense battle was fought with fixed bayonets, with great courage and determination on the part of the patriots, Lanza showed bravery and determination, deserving the promotion to first sergeant. In 1825, he joined the first battalion of the "Guardia," the founding body of the National Army of Bolivia, alongside Ildefonso Sanjinés, Juan José Prudencio, Juan José Pérez, and Manuel Isidoro Belzu.
After the action of San Roque de Ocomisto in 1827, where the Colombian battalions "Voltígeros" and "Numancia" were defeated, Lanza obtained the insignia of first lieutenant. From this moment, his military life developed actively and intensely, standing out in the campaigns of the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation and the Battle of Ingavi. In all these actions, Lanza distinguished himself for his bravery. Throughout his military career, he progressively rose through the ranks, participating in battles such as Yanacocha, Ninabamba, Uchumayo, and Socabaya.
At the Battle of Yungay, where the Confederation army was defeated, Lanza was captured and taken to Casas Matas, where he remained until the end of 1839. Upon returning to Bolivia, he re-joined the army and continued to serve, earning the promotion to lieutenant colonel in 1840, granted by President José Miguel de Velasco.
During the invasion of the Peruvian army led by Agustín Gamarra, Lanza was one of the most fervent and dedicated collaborators of General José Ballivián in organizing and instructing the army, standing out in the historic battle of November 18, 1841. He was the second in command of the ninth battalion, commanded by Belzu. After the Battle of Yamparáez, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 1848, consolidating his position in the army.
In December 1829, Lanza married Juana Cortadellas. The couple had four children:
Appointed Commander-General of Oruro, Lanza energetically defended the government by fighting against demagogic conspirators. In 1850, the Congress honored him with the promotion to division general and appointed him Minister of War. In 1855, he ran as a presidential candidate in rivalry with José María Linares and Jorge Córdova, later emigrating to Peru after the election of the latter. Despite being advised to work for his own cause, Lanza persisted in supporting Linares. In exile, he wrote the following:
My father has been one of the leaders of independence and one of the victims beheaded in La Paz in 1809. My uncle, General Lanza, has also fought in the war of independence and died in Chuquisaca in 1828 defending the nascent freedom of Bolivia, under the administration of General Sucre. Many of my relatives have been martyrs of the homeland. I cannot be unfaithful to the glorious traditions of my family, supporting despotism or seizing the destiny of my country by force. Those who intend to tempt my personal ambition do not know me well, as I uphold the traditions of my family in defense of public freedom.
On December 28, 1864, Melgarejo took power with the collaboration of Lanza. Loyal to Melgarejo, Lanza accompanied him in the battles of Cantería and Letanías, as well as in the barricades of La Paz. Melgarejo esteemed and respected him deeply, expressing on more than one occasion that he would pass on the presidency to him. Lanza was promoted to major general on October 22, 1865. When Melgarejo fell in 1871, Lanza retired from the army and was removed from the Ministry of War. When the War of the Pacific erupted, Lanza could not personally participate due to his advanced age and, above all, his health weakened by fifty years of service to the country. He participated in the coup d'état on March 12, 1880, but this movement failed, and Lanza, along with his accomplices, was defeated. As a result, he retired to private life, and his last years passed peacefully. He died in La Paz on November 20, 1885, at the age of 77.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Major general Gonzalo García Lanza Campos (10 January 1808 – 20 November 1885) was a Bolivian military officer who fought during the Spanish American wars of independence, the War of the Confederation, and the Peruvian–Bolivian War of 1841–42. He was also politically and militarily active in rebellions, revolutions, and civil wars. He controversially allied himself with Mariano Melgarejo in 1864 and would participate in a bloody coup in 1880, nearly bringing Bolivia to anarchy. He served as Minister of War on three different occasions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Lanza was born on January 10, 1808, the same year in which his father, Don Gregorio García Lanza, along with Pedro Domingo Murillo and other patriots, initiated the fifteen-year war to free America from the rule of Spain. His mother was the respectable matron Doña Manuela María Campos, another lady who chose to sacrifice the peace of her home and her fortune in favor of the cause of freedom. He was baptized by his uncle, Victorio Lanza, who was also martyred in that revolutionary year. At the age of seven, Lanza entered the school of San Francisco, where he acquired basic knowledge, and later continued his secondary education at the Seminario School.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Lanza decided to adandon school, and on a morning in August 1823, joined the army called \"Intermedios,\" which came from Peru under the command of General Andrés de Santa Cruz. His baptism in arms took place in the Battle of Zepita, where the cadet demonstrated energy and courage during the disastrous retreat in August 1823. In the combat of Falsuri, in October of the same year, where an intense battle was fought with fixed bayonets, with great courage and determination on the part of the patriots, Lanza showed bravery and determination, deserving the promotion to first sergeant. In 1825, he joined the first battalion of the \"Guardia,\" the founding body of the National Army of Bolivia, alongside Ildefonso Sanjinés, Juan José Prudencio, Juan José Pérez, and Manuel Isidoro Belzu.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After the action of San Roque de Ocomisto in 1827, where the Colombian battalions \"Voltígeros\" and \"Numancia\" were defeated, Lanza obtained the insignia of first lieutenant. From this moment, his military life developed actively and intensely, standing out in the campaigns of the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation and the Battle of Ingavi. In all these actions, Lanza distinguished himself for his bravery. Throughout his military career, he progressively rose through the ranks, participating in battles such as Yanacocha, Ninabamba, Uchumayo, and Socabaya.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "At the Battle of Yungay, where the Confederation army was defeated, Lanza was captured and taken to Casas Matas, where he remained until the end of 1839. Upon returning to Bolivia, he re-joined the army and continued to serve, earning the promotion to lieutenant colonel in 1840, granted by President José Miguel de Velasco.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "During the invasion of the Peruvian army led by Agustín Gamarra, Lanza was one of the most fervent and dedicated collaborators of General José Ballivián in organizing and instructing the army, standing out in the historic battle of November 18, 1841. He was the second in command of the ninth battalion, commanded by Belzu. After the Battle of Yamparáez, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 1848, consolidating his position in the army.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In December 1829, Lanza married Juana Cortadellas. The couple had four children:",
"title": "Marriage and family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Appointed Commander-General of Oruro, Lanza energetically defended the government by fighting against demagogic conspirators. In 1850, the Congress honored him with the promotion to division general and appointed him Minister of War. In 1855, he ran as a presidential candidate in rivalry with José María Linares and Jorge Córdova, later emigrating to Peru after the election of the latter. Despite being advised to work for his own cause, Lanza persisted in supporting Linares. In exile, he wrote the following:",
"title": "Bolivian politics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "My father has been one of the leaders of independence and one of the victims beheaded in La Paz in 1809. My uncle, General Lanza, has also fought in the war of independence and died in Chuquisaca in 1828 defending the nascent freedom of Bolivia, under the administration of General Sucre. Many of my relatives have been martyrs of the homeland. I cannot be unfaithful to the glorious traditions of my family, supporting despotism or seizing the destiny of my country by force. Those who intend to tempt my personal ambition do not know me well, as I uphold the traditions of my family in defense of public freedom.",
"title": "Bolivian politics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "On December 28, 1864, Melgarejo took power with the collaboration of Lanza. Loyal to Melgarejo, Lanza accompanied him in the battles of Cantería and Letanías, as well as in the barricades of La Paz. Melgarejo esteemed and respected him deeply, expressing on more than one occasion that he would pass on the presidency to him. Lanza was promoted to major general on October 22, 1865. When Melgarejo fell in 1871, Lanza retired from the army and was removed from the Ministry of War. When the War of the Pacific erupted, Lanza could not personally participate due to his advanced age and, above all, his health weakened by fifty years of service to the country. He participated in the coup d'état on March 12, 1880, but this movement failed, and Lanza, along with his accomplices, was defeated. As a result, he retired to private life, and his last years passed peacefully. He died in La Paz on November 20, 1885, at the age of 77.",
"title": "Bolivian politics"
}
] |
Major general Gonzalo García Lanza Campos was a Bolivian military officer who fought during the Spanish American wars of independence, the War of the Confederation, and the Peruvian–Bolivian War of 1841–42. He was also politically and militarily active in rebellions, revolutions, and civil wars. He controversially allied himself with Mariano Melgarejo in 1864 and would participate in a bloody coup in 1880, nearly bringing Bolivia to anarchy. He served as Minister of War on three different occasions.
|
2023-12-16T23:54:08Z
|
2023-12-26T14:55:15Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzalo_Garc%C3%ADa_Lanza
|
75,581,741 |
The Old Barracks
|
The Old Barracks may refer to the following former military installations in England:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Old Barracks may refer to the following former military installations in England:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "See also"
}
] |
The Old Barracks may refer to the following former military installations in England: The Old Barracks, Grantham, Lincolnshire
The Old Barracks, Lincoln, Lincolnshire
The Old Barracks, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire
The Old Barracks, Warwick, Warwickshire
|
2023-12-16T23:57:40Z
|
2023-12-16T23:57:40Z
|
[
"Template:Disambiguation"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Barracks
|
75,581,764 |
Video Games Player
|
[] |
redirect[[[Dan Gutman#Video Games Player / Computer Games]]
|
2023-12-17T00:00:30Z
|
2023-12-17T00:00:30Z
|
[] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Games_Player
|
|
75,581,773 |
Odyendea
|
Odyendea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Simaroubaceae. It includes two species of shrubs or trees native to sub-Saharan Africa.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Odyendea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Simaroubaceae. It includes two species of shrubs or trees native to sub-Saharan Africa.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Odyendea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Simaroubaceae. It includes two species of shrubs or trees native to sub-Saharan Africa. Odyendea gabunensis (Pierre) Engl.
Odyendea klaineana (Pierre) Engl.
|
2023-12-17T00:00:58Z
|
2023-12-17T08:36:39Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Automatic taxobox",
"Template:Small",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Taxonbar"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyendea
|
75,581,789 |
1982 Chester City Council election
|
The 1982 Chester City Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Chester City Council in Cheshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1982 Chester City Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Chester City Council in Cheshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections.",
"title": ""
}
] |
The 1982 Chester City Council election took place on 6 May 1982 to elect members of Chester City Council in Cheshire, England. This was on the same day as other local elections.
|
2023-12-17T00:02:34Z
|
2023-12-30T06:23:11Z
|
[
"Template:Election box begin",
"Template:Election box majority",
"Template:Election box turnout",
"Template:Election box registered electors",
"Template:Election box begin no change",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cheshire elections",
"Template:1982 United Kingdom local elections",
"Template:Infobox election",
"Template:Election summary partial council net begin",
"Template:Election box hold with party link no swing",
"Template:Election box candidate with party link no change",
"Template:Election box registered electors no change",
"Template:Election box gain with party link",
"Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change",
"Template:Election box turnout no change",
"Template:Election box hold with party link",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Election summary partial council net party",
"Template:Election box end",
"Template:Election box winning candidate with party link",
"Template:Election box candidate with party link",
"Template:Election box gain with party link no swing"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Chester_City_Council_election
|
75,581,831 |
Paul Kahl
|
Paul Raymond Kahl (born 4 April 1969) is an Australian former rugby union international.
Born in Brisbane, Kahl captained the 1st VX at Brisbane State High School and was an Australian Schools representative player, before debuting for Queensland at the age of 19. He played first-grade for Brisbane club Easts.
Kahl, a fly-half, toured South Africa in 1992 with the Wallabies, as an understudy to Michael Lynagh. He kept his place for the end of year tour of Britain and Ireland, during which Lynagh dislocated his shoulder, opening up the fly-half position. Despite mixed form in his tour appearances, Kahl was chosen for the Test against Wales in Cardiff, earning his only Wallabies cap. He announced his retirement from rugby in 1996.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Paul Raymond Kahl (born 4 April 1969) is an Australian former rugby union international.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Brisbane, Kahl captained the 1st VX at Brisbane State High School and was an Australian Schools representative player, before debuting for Queensland at the age of 19. He played first-grade for Brisbane club Easts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Kahl, a fly-half, toured South Africa in 1992 with the Wallabies, as an understudy to Michael Lynagh. He kept his place for the end of year tour of Britain and Ireland, during which Lynagh dislocated his shoulder, opening up the fly-half position. Despite mixed form in his tour appearances, Kahl was chosen for the Test against Wales in Cardiff, earning his only Wallabies cap. He announced his retirement from rugby in 1996.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Paul Raymond Kahl is an Australian former rugby union international. Born in Brisbane, Kahl captained the 1st VX at Brisbane State High School and was an Australian Schools representative player, before debuting for Queensland at the age of 19. He played first-grade for Brisbane club Easts. Kahl, a fly-half, toured South Africa in 1992 with the Wallabies, as an understudy to Michael Lynagh. He kept his place for the end of year tour of Britain and Ireland, during which Lynagh dislocated his shoulder, opening up the fly-half position. Despite mixed form in his tour appearances, Kahl was chosen for the Test against Wales in Cardiff, earning his only Wallabies cap. He announced his retirement from rugby in 1996.
|
2023-12-17T00:11:59Z
|
2023-12-17T00:16:15Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:ESPNscrum",
"Template:Infobox rugby biography",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kahl
|
75,581,852 |
1921 Copa Jockey Club final
|
The 1921 Copa de Competencia Jockey Club final was the football match that decided the champion of the 14th. edition of this National cup of Argentina. In the match, played at the C.A. Del Plata Stadium in Buenos Aires on 3 December 1922, Sportivo Barracas defeated Nueva Chicago 2–1 to win their first Copa de Competencia trophy.
The 1921 edition was contested by 32 clubs, all of them within Buenos Aires Province. Sportivo Barracas started their run on the Cup defeating Compañía General (club founded by workers of the homonymous French railway company in 1918) 3–1, then beating El Aeroplano 2–1, C.A. Central Argentino (based in San Martín Partido and founded by workers of the Central Argentine Railway) 4–0 (H); in semifinals, Sp. Barracas defeated Progresista 1–0 to earn their place in the final.
On the other hand, Nueva Chicago defeated Estudiantes de La Plata 5–0, Sportivo Palermo 3–0, and Argentinos Juniors 1–0, qualifying to the semifinal where they beat Huracán 2–1, earning their right to play the final.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1921 Copa de Competencia Jockey Club final was the football match that decided the champion of the 14th. edition of this National cup of Argentina. In the match, played at the C.A. Del Plata Stadium in Buenos Aires on 3 December 1922, Sportivo Barracas defeated Nueva Chicago 2–1 to win their first Copa de Competencia trophy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The 1921 edition was contested by 32 clubs, all of them within Buenos Aires Province. Sportivo Barracas started their run on the Cup defeating Compañía General (club founded by workers of the homonymous French railway company in 1918) 3–1, then beating El Aeroplano 2–1, C.A. Central Argentino (based in San Martín Partido and founded by workers of the Central Argentine Railway) 4–0 (H); in semifinals, Sp. Barracas defeated Progresista 1–0 to earn their place in the final.",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On the other hand, Nueva Chicago defeated Estudiantes de La Plata 5–0, Sportivo Palermo 3–0, and Argentinos Juniors 1–0, qualifying to the semifinal where they beat Huracán 2–1, earning their right to play the final.",
"title": "Overview"
}
] |
The 1921 Copa de Competencia Jockey Club final was the football match that decided the champion of the 14th. edition of this National cup of Argentina. In the match, played at the C.A. Del Plata Stadium in Buenos Aires on 3 December 1922, Sportivo Barracas defeated Nueva Chicago 2–1 to win their first Copa de Competencia trophy.
|
2023-12-17T00:16:16Z
|
2023-12-21T20:27:33Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox football match",
"Template:Smaller",
"Template:Col-begin",
"Template:Col-2",
"Template:Football kit",
"Template:Copa de Competencia Jockey Club",
"Template:Refn",
"Template:Small div",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Football box",
"Template:Col-end"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921_Copa_Jockey_Club_final
|
75,581,855 |
Cycling at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's road time trial B
|
The men's individual road time trial B competition of the cycling events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 19 on the Streets of Isla de Maipo, Chile.
The results were as follows:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's individual road time trial B competition of the cycling events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 19 on the Streets of Isla de Maipo, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] |
The men's individual road time trial B competition of the cycling events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 19 on the Streets of Isla de Maipo, Chile.
|
2023-12-17T00:16:56Z
|
2023-12-22T16:46:20Z
|
[
"Template:FlagIOC2",
"Template:Silver02",
"Template:Bronze03",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox Parapan American Games event",
"Template:Cycling at the 2023 Parapan American Games",
"Template:Gold01"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_road_time_trial_B
|
75,581,857 |
Cycling at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Women's road time trial B
|
The women's individual road time trial B competition of the cycling events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 19 on the Streets of Isla de Maipo, Chile.
The results were as follows:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The women's individual road time trial B competition of the cycling events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 19 on the Streets of Isla de Maipo, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] |
The women's individual road time trial B competition of the cycling events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 19 on the Streets of Isla de Maipo, Chile.
|
2023-12-17T00:16:59Z
|
2023-12-19T04:27:56Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox Parapan American Games event",
"Template:Cycling at the 2023 Parapan American Games",
"Template:Gold01",
"Template:FlagIOC2",
"Template:Silver02",
"Template:Bronze03",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_road_time_trial_B
|
75,581,859 |
Anne des Cadeaux
|
Anne des Cadeaux (unknown—1754), was a Native American and devout Catholic. She was enslaved but later gained her freedom. She was active in early colonial Louisiana, and was from one of the early Louisiana Creole families.
Anne was born in an Adai Indian village near the colonial Louisiana post of Fort St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches, in what would later become the colonial Spanish presidio of Los Adaes and capital of Tejas. This historic site is located near present-day Robeline along the banks of the Anne des Cadeaux Bayou and the El Camino Real (English: The King’s Highway), which is now part of Louisiana Scenic Byway (LA-6) and Spanish Lake Highway (LA-485).
Her birth name is unknown and little is known of Anne's childhood. While the Spanish colonists referred to her people as Adais (various spellings), the French referred to her people as the Natao, as named by Pierre le Moyne d'Iberville. Anne later became the slave of Jean Baptiste Brevelle, a Parisian-born trader, explorer, and one of the first soldiers garrisoned at Fort St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches. Jean so loved Anne that he obtained permission from Commandant Louis Antoine Juchereau de St. Denis to marry her. After the publication of three banns, Jean and Anne were married in 1736 in the Catholic Church in Natchitoches. Anne bore two children, who would become the first Creoles and settlers of Brevelle Isle.
Unlike many other Native “wives" of European men of that era, her marriage and children were recognized by the Catholic Church and French colonial government, as opposed to being treated as slaves. She earned the respect of the European colonists by learning how to read and write and by being fully initiated into the Catholic Church after learning the precepts of Christianity. Other Native wives including Anne's godmother Angelique, the widow of St. Denis's servant, Charles Dumont, did not know how to read or write. That respect allowed her children, although being metis, to be recognized as full citizens.
Anne was named for Saint Anne, the mother of the Virgin Mother and grandmother of Jesus. Also known as Anne Marie des Cadeaux, her name reflects her and the other colonists’ faith and love of the Virgin Mary and the doctrine of Immaculate Conception. St. Anne is the name of the local church and cemetery that were previously under the Natchitoches Diocese and the Basilica of Immaculate Conception (previously St. Mary’s). Anne and her son’s baptisms are amongst the first entries in the oldest Catholic Registry of Louisiana.
Her husband’s military and trade assignments took them to various Spanish and French settlements throughout present-day Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, and Oklahoma including Le Poste des Cadodaquious (Le Posts des Nassonites) in today’s Bowie and Red River County, Texas. The site is the first European settlement in the area and was garrisoned by a detachment from Fort St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches. They traveled along the Red, Sabine, and Trinity Rivers where they lived among and traded with the Natchitoches, Hasinai, Nasoni, Yatasi, Tawakoni and Kadohadacho Indians.
Anne died in 1754 on Isle Brevelle.
Anne's children married into prominent European families. Her son, Jean Baptiste Brevelle, Jr., with his knowledge of various Caddo languages and customs, worked as the famed translator, arbitrator, explorer, and soldier for the French and Spanish crowns. For his service, he was issued a large land grant of fertile farmland south of Natchitoches along the Cane River that the Catholic Church called paradise on earth. Dr. John Sibley, Indian Agent and council to Louisiana's first U.S. Governor, in 1804 reported to the U.S. Congress that the Isle Brevelle was named for its earliest settler, Jean Baptiste Brevelle, Jr. .
The former Brevelle Plantation (now Isle Brevelle) is home to the Cane River Creole Historical Area and is the birthplace of Creole culture. In Louisiana, the term Creole is defined as native-born people of ethnic European background mixed with Native American and/or African. Anne is regarded as one of the most well-documented Native American women of early colonial Louisiana. Her story and that of both of her Creole children are documented in the records of the Catholic Church and in interviews conducted by Dr. Sibley on file in the American State Papers, Library of Congress, and the Annals of Congress. "The Caddo left their names, art, and culture in Louisiana. Several colonial European families claim Caddoan ancestors: Grappes, Brevelles, Balthazars, and others."
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Anne des Cadeaux (unknown—1754), was a Native American and devout Catholic. She was enslaved but later gained her freedom. She was active in early colonial Louisiana, and was from one of the early Louisiana Creole families.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Anne was born in an Adai Indian village near the colonial Louisiana post of Fort St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches, in what would later become the colonial Spanish presidio of Los Adaes and capital of Tejas. This historic site is located near present-day Robeline along the banks of the Anne des Cadeaux Bayou and the El Camino Real (English: The King’s Highway), which is now part of Louisiana Scenic Byway (LA-6) and Spanish Lake Highway (LA-485).",
"title": "Early life and family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Her birth name is unknown and little is known of Anne's childhood. While the Spanish colonists referred to her people as Adais (various spellings), the French referred to her people as the Natao, as named by Pierre le Moyne d'Iberville. Anne later became the slave of Jean Baptiste Brevelle, a Parisian-born trader, explorer, and one of the first soldiers garrisoned at Fort St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches. Jean so loved Anne that he obtained permission from Commandant Louis Antoine Juchereau de St. Denis to marry her. After the publication of three banns, Jean and Anne were married in 1736 in the Catholic Church in Natchitoches. Anne bore two children, who would become the first Creoles and settlers of Brevelle Isle.",
"title": "Early life and family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Unlike many other Native “wives\" of European men of that era, her marriage and children were recognized by the Catholic Church and French colonial government, as opposed to being treated as slaves. She earned the respect of the European colonists by learning how to read and write and by being fully initiated into the Catholic Church after learning the precepts of Christianity. Other Native wives including Anne's godmother Angelique, the widow of St. Denis's servant, Charles Dumont, did not know how to read or write. That respect allowed her children, although being metis, to be recognized as full citizens.",
"title": "Life as a free woman"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Anne was named for Saint Anne, the mother of the Virgin Mother and grandmother of Jesus. Also known as Anne Marie des Cadeaux, her name reflects her and the other colonists’ faith and love of the Virgin Mary and the doctrine of Immaculate Conception. St. Anne is the name of the local church and cemetery that were previously under the Natchitoches Diocese and the Basilica of Immaculate Conception (previously St. Mary’s). Anne and her son’s baptisms are amongst the first entries in the oldest Catholic Registry of Louisiana.",
"title": "Life as a free woman"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Her husband’s military and trade assignments took them to various Spanish and French settlements throughout present-day Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, and Oklahoma including Le Poste des Cadodaquious (Le Posts des Nassonites) in today’s Bowie and Red River County, Texas. The site is the first European settlement in the area and was garrisoned by a detachment from Fort St. Jean Baptiste des Natchitoches. They traveled along the Red, Sabine, and Trinity Rivers where they lived among and traded with the Natchitoches, Hasinai, Nasoni, Yatasi, Tawakoni and Kadohadacho Indians.",
"title": "Life as a free woman"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Anne died in 1754 on Isle Brevelle.",
"title": "Life as a free woman"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Anne's children married into prominent European families. Her son, Jean Baptiste Brevelle, Jr., with his knowledge of various Caddo languages and customs, worked as the famed translator, arbitrator, explorer, and soldier for the French and Spanish crowns. For his service, he was issued a large land grant of fertile farmland south of Natchitoches along the Cane River that the Catholic Church called paradise on earth. Dr. John Sibley, Indian Agent and council to Louisiana's first U.S. Governor, in 1804 reported to the U.S. Congress that the Isle Brevelle was named for its earliest settler, Jean Baptiste Brevelle, Jr. .",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The former Brevelle Plantation (now Isle Brevelle) is home to the Cane River Creole Historical Area and is the birthplace of Creole culture. In Louisiana, the term Creole is defined as native-born people of ethnic European background mixed with Native American and/or African. Anne is regarded as one of the most well-documented Native American women of early colonial Louisiana. Her story and that of both of her Creole children are documented in the records of the Catholic Church and in interviews conducted by Dr. Sibley on file in the American State Papers, Library of Congress, and the Annals of Congress. \"The Caddo left their names, art, and culture in Louisiana. Several colonial European families claim Caddoan ancestors: Grappes, Brevelles, Balthazars, and others.\"",
"title": "Legacy"
}
] |
Anne des Cadeaux (unknown—1754), was a Native American and devout Catholic. She was enslaved but later gained her freedom. She was active in early colonial Louisiana, and was from one of the early Louisiana Creole families.
|
2023-12-17T00:17:39Z
|
2023-12-26T13:42:00Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox person",
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"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite pressrelease",
"Template:Authority Control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite website",
"Template:Em dash"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_des_Cadeaux
|
75,581,870 |
A Husband for Susy
|
A Husband for Susy (Hungarian: Rangon alul) is a 1960 Hungarian drama film directed by Frigyes Bán and starring Mária Sulyok, Imre Ráday and Tibor Bitskey. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Melinda Vasáry.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "A Husband for Susy (Hungarian: Rangon alul) is a 1960 Hungarian drama film directed by Frigyes Bán and starring Mária Sulyok, Imre Ráday and Tibor Bitskey. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Melinda Vasáry.",
"title": ""
}
] |
A Husband for Susy is a 1960 Hungarian drama film directed by Frigyes Bán and starring Mária Sulyok, Imre Ráday and Tibor Bitskey. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Melinda Vasáry.
|
2023-12-17T00:20:21Z
|
2023-12-26T01:09:11Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Frigyes Bán",
"Template:Hungary-film-stub",
"Template:Short description"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Husband_for_Susy
|
75,581,889 |
Timba (disambiguation)
|
Timba is a Cuban genre of music.
Timba may also refer to:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Timba is a Cuban genre of music.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Timba may also refer to:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "See also"
}
] |
Timba is a Cuban genre of music. Timba may also refer to:
|
2023-12-17T00:22:58Z
|
2023-12-17T00:22:58Z
|
[
"Template:TOC right",
"Template:Disambiguation"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timba_(disambiguation)
|
75,581,900 |
Merely Mary Ann (play)
|
Merely Mary Ann is an 1903 play by British author Israel Zangwill. It is based on his own work of the same name, written in 1893 and later included in The Grey Wig (1903). It has four acts and three settings. The story explores the changing relationship between the younger son of a baronet, who has forsaken inheritance for composing, and an orphaned country girl, now working in a cheap London lodging house.
The play was produced by Liebler & Company, with staging by Charles Cartwright. It starred Eleanor Robson, with Edwin Arden, Ada Dwyer and Laura Hope Crews. After a two-month opening tour, it premiered on Broadway during late December 1903 and ran continuously until May 1904. It was a popular success, and helped Liebler & Company recover the money they had lost on Zangwill's Children of the Ghetto.
Liebler & Company's Merely Mary Ann opened in London during September 1904, with Eleanor Robson and Ada Dwyer but otherwise a local supporting cast. It ran for over one hundred performances, ceasing on December 15, 1904, because Eleanor Robson had to sail the next day to keep touring commitments in America. It was during this run that George Bernard Shaw first saw and met Eleanor Robson and determined to write Major Barbara with her in mind.
Eleanor Robson and Ada Dwyer reprised their roles for a brief Broadway revival starting February 1907, playing Wednesday matinees in repretory with another Liebler & Company production, Salomy Jane, in which they both starred. There were three film adaptations with the same title, but which according to stage producer George C. Tyler had little in common with the play.
Lead
Supporting
Featured
The following featured characters were in Act IV of the original play. Zangwill eliminated them in his simplified 1921 revision.
Off-stage
The play's original Act IV was revised in 1921 by Zangwill. The waltz Kiss Me Good-Night Dear Love by Malcolm Williams and Zangwill, is a recurring leitmotif throughout the play, being sung or played by everyone. Lancelot despises it as treacle and excoriates the songwriter Keeley Lesterre. Lancelot and Peter were old school chums who studied music at Leipzig against their fathers' wishes. When Peter's father cut off his money, Lancelot paid his school fees. Though both are English, they affect German expressions when conversing, a shared bond of their conservatory days.
Act I (Entrance Hall of Mrs. Leadbatter's lodging house in South London, Saturday night) O'Gorman and Mrs. Leadbatter sing in unconscious harmony as the former returns from the newspaper. Mrs. Leadbatter has Rosie add an extra charge for gas to Lancelot's account; he owes so much six shillings more won't matter. Lancelot returns in Peter's carriage from the opera. They find Mary Ann holding the roomers' boots she must polish in her apron. Peter asks her name; she replies "Mary Ann", to which he asks "Merely Mary Ann?" She nods. As Peter and Lancelot go to his room, the Tippit Sisters enter from the street. They flirt a moment with Peter and laugh at Lancelot. As they go upstairs, Lancelot tears up a check Peter owes him from conservatory days. When Peter leaves, Lancelot encounters Mary Ann again. At his prompting, she talks about her childhood in the country, and how Rev. Smedge sent her to live with Mrs. Ledbetter when she was orphaned at age 13. She shyly admits she admires his music. Upset at her work-roughened hands, Lancelot says he'll buy gloves for her. She objects, fearing Mrs Leadbatter's disapproval, but he tells her wear them only in my room. She asks a favor; will he keep her canary in his room, which has more light and air? (Curtain)
Act II (Lancelot's sitting-room, late afternoon a week later) The canary accompanies Lancelot as he plays the piano. A street musician plays Kiss Me Good-Night Dear Love outside Lancelot's window until he desperately tosses out a coin to stop it. Rosie presents a lodging bill to Lancelot which he offers to settle with a sonata in D minor. Mary Ann brings a telegram from Peter, asking if he can bring Brahmson to tea. Lancelot can't find his quill pen to reply. Mary Ann tells him she often finds it flung all over the room. Lancelot apologizes for the splashed ink and kisses her cheek, not for the first time. Mary Ann's dreamy reminiscence of the countryside has reawakened some creative urge in him. Mrs. Leadbatter suggests Lancelot settle his bill by giving Rosie piano lessons. Desperate, he agrees, but Rosie's ineptitude and coy manner irritate him. Peter's arrival saves Lancelot. Peter brings the score for Kiss Me Good-Night, Dear Love for Lancelot to study which drives him wild. When Brahmson arrives, he brings all of Lancelot's rejected compositions. Brahmson reveals Peter is Keely Lesterre and was paid £4000 for his popular song; he advances Lancelot £40 to provide the music for lyrics to another called Adieu and Farewell. After argument, Lancelot accepts, pays Mrs. Leadbatter the lodging bill and gives notice. When alone with Mary Ann, he urges her to come with him to the country and be his housekeeper... and more. She readily accepts, nestling close to him, though he warns her they cannot marry. When Lancelot teases she doesn't know where she came from, she replies "God made me". (Curtain)
Act III (Same as Act II, evening, a week later) Mary Ann is packing Lancelot's things; he will leave for the country in the morning, and she will follow him secretly a few days later. Rosie interrupts to summon Mary Ann away. A sudden commotion from the hallway is heard as Mrs. Leadbatter and Rosie tell Mary Ann she can no longer do any work in the lodging house. Lancelot is terror-stricken when Mrs. Leadbatter sends up a clergyman to explain "what's what" to him. He fears their plan is discovered, but the Rev. Smedge enlightens him: Mary Ann's long-lost brother has died and left her £500,000. Mary Ann does comic battle with Rosie and Mrs. Leadbatter, trying to perform her duties which they insist are now beneath her. As he departs, Lancelot explains to Mary Ann why she must go with the Vicar to accept her legacy. She wants to give it up, or give it to Lancelot, which he refuses. Finally, she returns his polished boots with the gloves he gave her tucked inside them. As Lancelot goes out, he asks Peter for the £200 he owes from conservatory days. This will enable Lancelot to pay back Brahmson for refusing the commission. Mary Ann, left alone with the canary, sadly labels his cage with Lancelot's forwarding address and bids it to "sing pretty for him, don't let him be sad". (Curtain)
Act IV: 1921 version (A garden room on an estate near Brighton, a late afternoon in August, six years later) Rosie and Mrs. Leadbatter, dressed in fine frocks with silk parasols, stroll up to the garden room. They meet Rev. Smedge, who salutes Rosie as "Mrs. O'Gorman". Rosie's husband, now a music critic, is at the festival where Lancelot's new composition is to be played. Smedge sends them off to a copse where Mary Ann may be found. He has seen Lady Chelmer approaching and wishes to be alone with her. Lady Chelmer has been guiding Mary Ann, now styled Miss Marian, in learning the speech and manners of the gentility. Both she and Smedge have done well financially from their association with Miss Marian. Now Lady Chelmer suggests her son, Lord Valentine, as a husband for Miss Marian. Smedge acquieces after some mutual recriminations over each other's venality. Miss Marian enters the now deserted garden room; she sits at the piano. Lord Valentine comes by, having been persuaded to romance Miss Marian. She drives him away by relating her background as a menial. Peter and Lanceleot wander into the garden room, having walked the nine miles from Brighton to escape the festival there. Peter doesn't recognize Miss Marian; he has come to see Lady Chelmer. Miss Marian sends him to the manor house, but Lancelot lingers. He suspects its Mary Ann, but she says that person is gone. Lancelot tries to rekindle their affection, but Miss Marian bids him good-bye and leaves. He plays Kiss Me Good-Night, Dear Love on the piano, and suddenly Miss Marian reappears, wearing her old apron and cap: Mary Ann has returned. (Curtain)
Merely Mary Ann was first published in London during March 1893 by Raphael Tuck & Sons. The little volume (118 pages) sold for a shilling, and was illustrated by the author's brother, Mark Zangwill. The book was available in the US from May 1893.
Liebler & Company was a partnership between investor Theodore A. Liebler and producer-manager George C. Tyler. Tyler had spotted Eleanor Robson at Hamlin's Grand Opera House in Chicago, playing a small part in Arizona, and became determined to sign her to a personal management contract. Robson had read The Grey Wig: Stories and Novelettes by Israel Zangwill, which contained the novelette Merely Mary Ann, and suggested to him it would make a good play. Though Liebler & Company had lost money producing Zangwill's Children of the Ghetto, they were willing to take a chance on Merely Mary Ann.
To preserve the English copyright, a single performance of the work was given at Wallingford, Oxfordshire, on October 22, 1903. The actors, mostly literary friends of Zangwill, merely read their parts. Elsa Steele played Mary Ann, Zangwill himself portrayed Herr Brahmson, while Jerome K. Jerome took the part of Peter. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was slated to do Rev. Smedge, but had to bow out. The performance of Anthony Hope, who read the part of Lancelot, was said to be "simply unmentionable".
Merely Mary Ann was first performed at the Lyceum Theatre in Scranton, Pennsylvania, on October 29, 1903. The local critic was not impressed with the play, saying it lacked drama and contrast, and called the settings "nothing". They recognized Eleanor Robson's potential, but thought the staging gave her little chance to shine. Edwin Arden, Ada Dwyer, and Laura Hope Crews were deemed good, but the rest of the cast only "fair". It then went to the Garrick Theater in Chicago on November 2, 1903, for two weeks. Here W. L. Hubbard of the Chicago Tribune called it "a play as sweet and clean and as truly human as the Chicago stage has offered in many a day", phrasing that Liebler & Company used thereafter in advance advertising.
The production travelled east, doing one night performances in Indianapolis, Dayton, Ohio, Chillicothe, Ohio, and Rochester, New York. The Indianapolis Journal reviewer expressed a common opinion about the fourth act, that it was "unnatural" and "hardly worthy of a detailed description". The Dayton Herald critic thought the play "a sweet, simple story told by two principals" with the other players barely necessary, but chided Liebler & Company anyway for a supporting cast that was "incompetant" and "weak". Within a month, cast lists showed four performers had been dropped and three new ones added, and two actresses reassigned to other roles.
The play had its Broadway premiere at the Garden Theatre on December 28, 1903. The reviewer for the New-York Tribune said Eleanor Robson understood the character but failed to move her audience, through inexperience and obvious imitation of Maude Adams. This was an outlier opinion; the Brooklyn Times critic spoke for the mainstream when they said "Eleanor Robson as Mary Ann scored a conspicuous success". The Brooklyn Citizen concurred, reporting that Robson was well received by the large audience and expressed the character with the "most delicious naivete imaginable" without strain. The Evening World went even further, saying she "had all the women in the theatre in tears at the end of the third act".
The critic for The Sun focused on the incongruity of following three acts of sentiment, humor, and charm, with Act IV: "It is almost superfluous, and the introduction of a lot of stupid people is a wicked mistake". The reviewer also found the German "trying", but thought both the play and its star "made a highly favorable impression". The New York Times reviewer pointed up the contrast in the characters of Mary Ann and Lancelot; how she was natural and without pretense, while he affects a moral position that won't let him accept interest on Peter's debt but allows him to take advantage of a poor innocent. This reviewer thought Eleanor Robson's playing "most satisfying" while Edwin Arden, though good, was too precise and reserved. They also praised both Ada Dwyer's landlady and W. A. Hackett's vicar.
After fifty performances the production closed at the Garden Theatre on February 13, 1904, and re-opened at the Criterion Theatre on February 15, 1904. The MacMillan Company issued a new edition of the novelette Merely Mary Ann, illustrated with photos from the stage play, on February 20, 1904. The New York Times reported that even a week after moving Merely Mary Ann was still "drawing big crowds at the Criterion". On March 28, 1904, the production celebrated one hundred performances on Broadway by distributing souvenir copies of Zangwill's original story to the audience.
Merely Mary Ann finished at the Criterion on April 2, 1904, reopening at the Garrick Theatre on April 4, 1904.
The Broadway run of Merely Mary Ann closed at the Garrick Theatre on May 7, 1904, after 148 performances. The final night's performance was marked by long applause after every act and floral bouquets filling the lobby, "the greenroom and the star's dressing room".
In his 1934 memoir producer George C. Tyler said only Eleanor Robson could play the role of Mary Ann: "When she left the stage we should have collected all the copies of Merely Mary Ann and burned them... How I suffered when I saw what the movies did to Merely Mary Ann a long while afterward".
Synopsis source
Citations
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Merely Mary Ann is an 1903 play by British author Israel Zangwill. It is based on his own work of the same name, written in 1893 and later included in The Grey Wig (1903). It has four acts and three settings. The story explores the changing relationship between the younger son of a baronet, who has forsaken inheritance for composing, and an orphaned country girl, now working in a cheap London lodging house.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The play was produced by Liebler & Company, with staging by Charles Cartwright. It starred Eleanor Robson, with Edwin Arden, Ada Dwyer and Laura Hope Crews. After a two-month opening tour, it premiered on Broadway during late December 1903 and ran continuously until May 1904. It was a popular success, and helped Liebler & Company recover the money they had lost on Zangwill's Children of the Ghetto.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Liebler & Company's Merely Mary Ann opened in London during September 1904, with Eleanor Robson and Ada Dwyer but otherwise a local supporting cast. It ran for over one hundred performances, ceasing on December 15, 1904, because Eleanor Robson had to sail the next day to keep touring commitments in America. It was during this run that George Bernard Shaw first saw and met Eleanor Robson and determined to write Major Barbara with her in mind.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Eleanor Robson and Ada Dwyer reprised their roles for a brief Broadway revival starting February 1907, playing Wednesday matinees in repretory with another Liebler & Company production, Salomy Jane, in which they both starred. There were three film adaptations with the same title, but which according to stage producer George C. Tyler had little in common with the play.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Lead",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Supporting",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Featured",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The following featured characters were in Act IV of the original play. Zangwill eliminated them in his simplified 1921 revision.",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Off-stage",
"title": "Characters"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The play's original Act IV was revised in 1921 by Zangwill. The waltz Kiss Me Good-Night Dear Love by Malcolm Williams and Zangwill, is a recurring leitmotif throughout the play, being sung or played by everyone. Lancelot despises it as treacle and excoriates the songwriter Keeley Lesterre. Lancelot and Peter were old school chums who studied music at Leipzig against their fathers' wishes. When Peter's father cut off his money, Lancelot paid his school fees. Though both are English, they affect German expressions when conversing, a shared bond of their conservatory days.",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Act I (Entrance Hall of Mrs. Leadbatter's lodging house in South London, Saturday night) O'Gorman and Mrs. Leadbatter sing in unconscious harmony as the former returns from the newspaper. Mrs. Leadbatter has Rosie add an extra charge for gas to Lancelot's account; he owes so much six shillings more won't matter. Lancelot returns in Peter's carriage from the opera. They find Mary Ann holding the roomers' boots she must polish in her apron. Peter asks her name; she replies \"Mary Ann\", to which he asks \"Merely Mary Ann?\" She nods. As Peter and Lancelot go to his room, the Tippit Sisters enter from the street. They flirt a moment with Peter and laugh at Lancelot. As they go upstairs, Lancelot tears up a check Peter owes him from conservatory days. When Peter leaves, Lancelot encounters Mary Ann again. At his prompting, she talks about her childhood in the country, and how Rev. Smedge sent her to live with Mrs. Ledbetter when she was orphaned at age 13. She shyly admits she admires his music. Upset at her work-roughened hands, Lancelot says he'll buy gloves for her. She objects, fearing Mrs Leadbatter's disapproval, but he tells her wear them only in my room. She asks a favor; will he keep her canary in his room, which has more light and air? (Curtain)",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Act II (Lancelot's sitting-room, late afternoon a week later) The canary accompanies Lancelot as he plays the piano. A street musician plays Kiss Me Good-Night Dear Love outside Lancelot's window until he desperately tosses out a coin to stop it. Rosie presents a lodging bill to Lancelot which he offers to settle with a sonata in D minor. Mary Ann brings a telegram from Peter, asking if he can bring Brahmson to tea. Lancelot can't find his quill pen to reply. Mary Ann tells him she often finds it flung all over the room. Lancelot apologizes for the splashed ink and kisses her cheek, not for the first time. Mary Ann's dreamy reminiscence of the countryside has reawakened some creative urge in him. Mrs. Leadbatter suggests Lancelot settle his bill by giving Rosie piano lessons. Desperate, he agrees, but Rosie's ineptitude and coy manner irritate him. Peter's arrival saves Lancelot. Peter brings the score for Kiss Me Good-Night, Dear Love for Lancelot to study which drives him wild. When Brahmson arrives, he brings all of Lancelot's rejected compositions. Brahmson reveals Peter is Keely Lesterre and was paid £4000 for his popular song; he advances Lancelot £40 to provide the music for lyrics to another called Adieu and Farewell. After argument, Lancelot accepts, pays Mrs. Leadbatter the lodging bill and gives notice. When alone with Mary Ann, he urges her to come with him to the country and be his housekeeper... and more. She readily accepts, nestling close to him, though he warns her they cannot marry. When Lancelot teases she doesn't know where she came from, she replies \"God made me\". (Curtain)",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Act III (Same as Act II, evening, a week later) Mary Ann is packing Lancelot's things; he will leave for the country in the morning, and she will follow him secretly a few days later. Rosie interrupts to summon Mary Ann away. A sudden commotion from the hallway is heard as Mrs. Leadbatter and Rosie tell Mary Ann she can no longer do any work in the lodging house. Lancelot is terror-stricken when Mrs. Leadbatter sends up a clergyman to explain \"what's what\" to him. He fears their plan is discovered, but the Rev. Smedge enlightens him: Mary Ann's long-lost brother has died and left her £500,000. Mary Ann does comic battle with Rosie and Mrs. Leadbatter, trying to perform her duties which they insist are now beneath her. As he departs, Lancelot explains to Mary Ann why she must go with the Vicar to accept her legacy. She wants to give it up, or give it to Lancelot, which he refuses. Finally, she returns his polished boots with the gloves he gave her tucked inside them. As Lancelot goes out, he asks Peter for the £200 he owes from conservatory days. This will enable Lancelot to pay back Brahmson for refusing the commission. Mary Ann, left alone with the canary, sadly labels his cage with Lancelot's forwarding address and bids it to \"sing pretty for him, don't let him be sad\". (Curtain)",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Act IV: 1921 version (A garden room on an estate near Brighton, a late afternoon in August, six years later) Rosie and Mrs. Leadbatter, dressed in fine frocks with silk parasols, stroll up to the garden room. They meet Rev. Smedge, who salutes Rosie as \"Mrs. O'Gorman\". Rosie's husband, now a music critic, is at the festival where Lancelot's new composition is to be played. Smedge sends them off to a copse where Mary Ann may be found. He has seen Lady Chelmer approaching and wishes to be alone with her. Lady Chelmer has been guiding Mary Ann, now styled Miss Marian, in learning the speech and manners of the gentility. Both she and Smedge have done well financially from their association with Miss Marian. Now Lady Chelmer suggests her son, Lord Valentine, as a husband for Miss Marian. Smedge acquieces after some mutual recriminations over each other's venality. Miss Marian enters the now deserted garden room; she sits at the piano. Lord Valentine comes by, having been persuaded to romance Miss Marian. She drives him away by relating her background as a menial. Peter and Lanceleot wander into the garden room, having walked the nine miles from Brighton to escape the festival there. Peter doesn't recognize Miss Marian; he has come to see Lady Chelmer. Miss Marian sends him to the manor house, but Lancelot lingers. He suspects its Mary Ann, but she says that person is gone. Lancelot tries to rekindle their affection, but Miss Marian bids him good-bye and leaves. He plays Kiss Me Good-Night, Dear Love on the piano, and suddenly Miss Marian reappears, wearing her old apron and cap: Mary Ann has returned. (Curtain)",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Merely Mary Ann was first published in London during March 1893 by Raphael Tuck & Sons. The little volume (118 pages) sold for a shilling, and was illustrated by the author's brother, Mark Zangwill. The book was available in the US from May 1893.",
"title": "Original production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Liebler & Company was a partnership between investor Theodore A. Liebler and producer-manager George C. Tyler. Tyler had spotted Eleanor Robson at Hamlin's Grand Opera House in Chicago, playing a small part in Arizona, and became determined to sign her to a personal management contract. Robson had read The Grey Wig: Stories and Novelettes by Israel Zangwill, which contained the novelette Merely Mary Ann, and suggested to him it would make a good play. Though Liebler & Company had lost money producing Zangwill's Children of the Ghetto, they were willing to take a chance on Merely Mary Ann.",
"title": "Original production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "To preserve the English copyright, a single performance of the work was given at Wallingford, Oxfordshire, on October 22, 1903. The actors, mostly literary friends of Zangwill, merely read their parts. Elsa Steele played Mary Ann, Zangwill himself portrayed Herr Brahmson, while Jerome K. Jerome took the part of Peter. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was slated to do Rev. Smedge, but had to bow out. The performance of Anthony Hope, who read the part of Lancelot, was said to be \"simply unmentionable\".",
"title": "Original production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Merely Mary Ann was first performed at the Lyceum Theatre in Scranton, Pennsylvania, on October 29, 1903. The local critic was not impressed with the play, saying it lacked drama and contrast, and called the settings \"nothing\". They recognized Eleanor Robson's potential, but thought the staging gave her little chance to shine. Edwin Arden, Ada Dwyer, and Laura Hope Crews were deemed good, but the rest of the cast only \"fair\". It then went to the Garrick Theater in Chicago on November 2, 1903, for two weeks. Here W. L. Hubbard of the Chicago Tribune called it \"a play as sweet and clean and as truly human as the Chicago stage has offered in many a day\", phrasing that Liebler & Company used thereafter in advance advertising.",
"title": "Original production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "The production travelled east, doing one night performances in Indianapolis, Dayton, Ohio, Chillicothe, Ohio, and Rochester, New York. The Indianapolis Journal reviewer expressed a common opinion about the fourth act, that it was \"unnatural\" and \"hardly worthy of a detailed description\". The Dayton Herald critic thought the play \"a sweet, simple story told by two principals\" with the other players barely necessary, but chided Liebler & Company anyway for a supporting cast that was \"incompetant\" and \"weak\". Within a month, cast lists showed four performers had been dropped and three new ones added, and two actresses reassigned to other roles.",
"title": "Original production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "The play had its Broadway premiere at the Garden Theatre on December 28, 1903. The reviewer for the New-York Tribune said Eleanor Robson understood the character but failed to move her audience, through inexperience and obvious imitation of Maude Adams. This was an outlier opinion; the Brooklyn Times critic spoke for the mainstream when they said \"Eleanor Robson as Mary Ann scored a conspicuous success\". The Brooklyn Citizen concurred, reporting that Robson was well received by the large audience and expressed the character with the \"most delicious naivete imaginable\" without strain. The Evening World went even further, saying she \"had all the women in the theatre in tears at the end of the third act\".",
"title": "Original production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "The critic for The Sun focused on the incongruity of following three acts of sentiment, humor, and charm, with Act IV: \"It is almost superfluous, and the introduction of a lot of stupid people is a wicked mistake\". The reviewer also found the German \"trying\", but thought both the play and its star \"made a highly favorable impression\". The New York Times reviewer pointed up the contrast in the characters of Mary Ann and Lancelot; how she was natural and without pretense, while he affects a moral position that won't let him accept interest on Peter's debt but allows him to take advantage of a poor innocent. This reviewer thought Eleanor Robson's playing \"most satisfying\" while Edwin Arden, though good, was too precise and reserved. They also praised both Ada Dwyer's landlady and W. A. Hackett's vicar.",
"title": "Original production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "After fifty performances the production closed at the Garden Theatre on February 13, 1904, and re-opened at the Criterion Theatre on February 15, 1904. The MacMillan Company issued a new edition of the novelette Merely Mary Ann, illustrated with photos from the stage play, on February 20, 1904. The New York Times reported that even a week after moving Merely Mary Ann was still \"drawing big crowds at the Criterion\". On March 28, 1904, the production celebrated one hundred performances on Broadway by distributing souvenir copies of Zangwill's original story to the audience.",
"title": "Original production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Merely Mary Ann finished at the Criterion on April 2, 1904, reopening at the Garrick Theatre on April 4, 1904.",
"title": "Original production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "The Broadway run of Merely Mary Ann closed at the Garrick Theatre on May 7, 1904, after 148 performances. The final night's performance was marked by long applause after every act and floral bouquets filling the lobby, \"the greenroom and the star's dressing room\".",
"title": "Original production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "In his 1934 memoir producer George C. Tyler said only Eleanor Robson could play the role of Mary Ann: \"When she left the stage we should have collected all the copies of Merely Mary Ann and burned them... How I suffered when I saw what the movies did to Merely Mary Ann a long while afterward\".",
"title": "Adaptations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "Synopsis source",
"title": "References"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "Citations",
"title": "References"
}
] |
Merely Mary Ann is an 1903 play by British author Israel Zangwill. It is based on his own work of the same name, written in 1893 and later included in The Grey Wig (1903). It has four acts and three settings. The story explores the changing relationship between the younger son of a baronet, who has forsaken inheritance for composing, and an orphaned country girl, now working in a cheap London lodging house. The play was produced by Liebler & Company, with staging by Charles Cartwright. It starred Eleanor Robson, with Edwin Arden, Ada Dwyer and Laura Hope Crews. After a two-month opening tour, it premiered on Broadway during late December 1903 and ran continuously until May 1904. It was a popular success, and helped Liebler & Company recover the money they had lost on Zangwill's Children of the Ghetto. Liebler & Company's Merely Mary Ann opened in London during September 1904, with Eleanor Robson and Ada Dwyer but otherwise a local supporting cast. It ran for over one hundred performances, ceasing on December 15, 1904, because Eleanor Robson had to sail the next day to keep touring commitments in America. It was during this run that George Bernard Shaw first saw and met Eleanor Robson and determined to write Major Barbara with her in mind. Eleanor Robson and Ada Dwyer reprised their roles for a brief Broadway revival starting February 1907, playing Wednesday matinees in repretory with another Liebler & Company production, Salomy Jane, in which they both starred. There were three film adaptations with the same title, but which according to stage producer George C. Tyler had little in common with the play.
|
2023-12-17T00:25:44Z
|
2023-12-25T23:26:14Z
|
[
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox play",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merely_Mary_Ann_(play)
|
75,581,950 |
Results breakdown of the 2023 Polish parliamentary election (Sejm)
|
This is the results breakdown of the Sejm election held in Poland on 15 October 2023. The following tables show detailed results by each party in electoral coalitions, as well as constituency results.
* – individual members running on lists different from their own parties
Third Way results compared to Polish Coalition 2019 results.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is the results breakdown of the Sejm election held in Poland on 15 October 2023. The following tables show detailed results by each party in electoral coalitions, as well as constituency results.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "* – individual members running on lists different from their own parties",
"title": "Nationwide"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Third Way results compared to Polish Coalition 2019 results.",
"title": "Constituencies"
}
] |
This is the results breakdown of the Sejm election held in Poland on 15 October 2023. The following tables show detailed results by each party in electoral coalitions, as well as constituency results.
|
2023-12-17T00:36:58Z
|
2023-12-17T00:36:58Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Election results",
"Template:Notelist",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Polish elections"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results_breakdown_of_the_2023_Polish_parliamentary_election_(Sejm)
|
75,581,955 |
House Flipper 2
|
House Flipper 2 is a simulation game developed by Frozen District and Empyrean. Frozen District and PlayWay published it in 2023 for Windows. It is the sequel to House Flipper (2018) and involves flipping real estate.
Players flip real estate by cleaning up and restoring houses. Players can play through a campaign, in which they are given specific tasks to complete. These must be completed in sequence and are accompanied by a story. Assembly mode allows players to build and install items in the house manually instead of simply clicking them in place. This rewards players with discounts on purchases. Sandbox mode allows players to design a house from scratch instead of renovating a pre-made house.
Polish companies Empyrean and Frozen District developed both House Flipper and its sequel. Development began in 2020. The size of the development team more than doubled compared to House Flipper. The team wanted a more uniform art style for House Flipper 2. The first game used asset store packages, each of which had its own art style. Limitations of the previous design led them to develop House Flipper 2 from a new code base, allowing them to implement features like a sandbox mode that would were not possible with the original code. House Flipper 2 was released for Windows on December 14, 2023. Ports to PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S are planned to be released on March 21, 2024.
House Flipper 2 received positive reviews on Metacritic. IGN described it as "a worthwhile iterative upgrade" and praised the new graphics and the new sandbox mode. PC Gamer recommended House Flipper on the strength of its sandbox mode, which they felt was exciting. The Guardian compared it to the simple pleasure of popping bubble wrap with the added bonus of numbers that continually grow larger. Although acknowledging that it is not a realistic simulation TechRadar said it is "absolutely essential" for fans of the first game and called it addictive fun, though they criticized the load times. GamesRadar praised the new visuals, quality of life improvements, and the gameplay, but they said the sandbox mode can feel overwhelming for players used to be given goals.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "House Flipper 2 is a simulation game developed by Frozen District and Empyrean. Frozen District and PlayWay published it in 2023 for Windows. It is the sequel to House Flipper (2018) and involves flipping real estate.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Players flip real estate by cleaning up and restoring houses. Players can play through a campaign, in which they are given specific tasks to complete. These must be completed in sequence and are accompanied by a story. Assembly mode allows players to build and install items in the house manually instead of simply clicking them in place. This rewards players with discounts on purchases. Sandbox mode allows players to design a house from scratch instead of renovating a pre-made house.",
"title": "Gameplay"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Polish companies Empyrean and Frozen District developed both House Flipper and its sequel. Development began in 2020. The size of the development team more than doubled compared to House Flipper. The team wanted a more uniform art style for House Flipper 2. The first game used asset store packages, each of which had its own art style. Limitations of the previous design led them to develop House Flipper 2 from a new code base, allowing them to implement features like a sandbox mode that would were not possible with the original code. House Flipper 2 was released for Windows on December 14, 2023. Ports to PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S are planned to be released on March 21, 2024.",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "House Flipper 2 received positive reviews on Metacritic. IGN described it as \"a worthwhile iterative upgrade\" and praised the new graphics and the new sandbox mode. PC Gamer recommended House Flipper on the strength of its sandbox mode, which they felt was exciting. The Guardian compared it to the simple pleasure of popping bubble wrap with the added bonus of numbers that continually grow larger. Although acknowledging that it is not a realistic simulation TechRadar said it is \"absolutely essential\" for fans of the first game and called it addictive fun, though they criticized the load times. GamesRadar praised the new visuals, quality of life improvements, and the gameplay, but they said the sandbox mode can feel overwhelming for players used to be given goals.",
"title": "Reception"
}
] |
House Flipper 2 is a simulation game developed by Frozen District and Empyrean. Frozen District and PlayWay published it in 2023 for Windows. It is the sequel to House Flipper (2018) and involves flipping real estate.
|
2023-12-17T00:37:45Z
|
2023-12-31T18:08:32Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox video game",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Official website"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Flipper_2
|
75,581,959 |
Phase kickback
|
In quantum computing, phase kickback refers to the fact that controlled operations have effects on their controls, in addition to on their targets, and that these effects correspond to phasing operations. For example, when a controlled NOT gate's target qubit is in the state 1 / 2 ( | 0 ⟩ − | 1 ⟩ ) {\displaystyle 1/{\sqrt {2}}(|0\rangle -|1\rangle )} , the effect of the controlled NOT gate is equivalent to the effect of applying a Pauli Z gate to the controlled NOT's control qubit. Phase kickback is one of the key effects that distinguishes quantum computation from classical computation. For example, phase kickback is the mechanism behind the Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm and more generally the quantum phase estimation algorithm. Phase kickback also provides a justification for why qubits would be disrupted by measurements: a measurement is an operation that flips a classical bit (the result) with the flip being controlled by a quantum bit (the qubit being measured). This creates kickback from the bit to the qubit, randomizing the qubit's phase.
Phase kickback occurs because the basis transformations that distinguish targets from controls are available as operations. For example, surrounding a controlled NOT gate with four Hadamard gates produces a compound operation whose effect is equivalent to a controlled NOT gate, but with the roles of its control qubit and target qubit exchanged. More abstractly, phase kickback occurs because the eigendecomposition of controlled operations makes no significant distinction between controls and targets. For example, the controlled Z gate is a symmetric operation that has the same effect if its target and control are switched, and a controlled NOT gate can be decomposed into a Hadamard gate on its target, then a controlled Z gate, then a second Hadamard gate on its target. This decomposition reveals that, at the core of the apparently-asymmetric controlled-NOT gate, there is a symmetric effect that does not distinguish between control and target.
Phase kickback can be used to measure an operator P {\displaystyle P} whose eigenvalues are +1 and -1. This is a common technique for measuring operators in quantum error correcting codes, such as the surface code. The procedure is as follows. Initialize a control qubit c {\displaystyle c} in the | 0 ⟩ {\displaystyle |0\rangle } state, then apply a Hadamard gate H {\displaystyle H} to c {\displaystyle c} , then apply P {\displaystyle P} controlled by c {\displaystyle c} , then apply another Hadamard gate H {\displaystyle H} to c {\displaystyle c} , then measure c {\displaystyle c} in the computational basis. Phase kickback results in the +1 eigenstates of P {\displaystyle P} having no effect on c {\displaystyle c} , while -1 eigenstates apply a Pauli Z {\displaystyle Z} to c {\displaystyle c} . The surrounding Hadamard gates turn the Pauli Z {\displaystyle Z} (a phase flip) into a Pauli X {\displaystyle X} (a bit flip). So c {\displaystyle c} gets flipped from | 0 ⟩ {\displaystyle |0\rangle } to | 1 ⟩ {\displaystyle |1\rangle } when the state is in the -1 eigenstate of P {\displaystyle P} . The measurement operation reveals whether c {\displaystyle c} is | 0 ⟩ {\displaystyle |0\rangle } or | 1 ⟩ {\displaystyle |1\rangle } , which reveals whether the state was in the +1 or -1 eigenspace of P {\displaystyle P} .
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "In quantum computing, phase kickback refers to the fact that controlled operations have effects on their controls, in addition to on their targets, and that these effects correspond to phasing operations. For example, when a controlled NOT gate's target qubit is in the state 1 / 2 ( | 0 ⟩ − | 1 ⟩ ) {\\displaystyle 1/{\\sqrt {2}}(|0\\rangle -|1\\rangle )} , the effect of the controlled NOT gate is equivalent to the effect of applying a Pauli Z gate to the controlled NOT's control qubit. Phase kickback is one of the key effects that distinguishes quantum computation from classical computation. For example, phase kickback is the mechanism behind the Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm and more generally the quantum phase estimation algorithm. Phase kickback also provides a justification for why qubits would be disrupted by measurements: a measurement is an operation that flips a classical bit (the result) with the flip being controlled by a quantum bit (the qubit being measured). This creates kickback from the bit to the qubit, randomizing the qubit's phase.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Phase kickback occurs because the basis transformations that distinguish targets from controls are available as operations. For example, surrounding a controlled NOT gate with four Hadamard gates produces a compound operation whose effect is equivalent to a controlled NOT gate, but with the roles of its control qubit and target qubit exchanged. More abstractly, phase kickback occurs because the eigendecomposition of controlled operations makes no significant distinction between controls and targets. For example, the controlled Z gate is a symmetric operation that has the same effect if its target and control are switched, and a controlled NOT gate can be decomposed into a Hadamard gate on its target, then a controlled Z gate, then a second Hadamard gate on its target. This decomposition reveals that, at the core of the apparently-asymmetric controlled-NOT gate, there is a symmetric effect that does not distinguish between control and target.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Phase kickback can be used to measure an operator P {\\displaystyle P} whose eigenvalues are +1 and -1. This is a common technique for measuring operators in quantum error correcting codes, such as the surface code. The procedure is as follows. Initialize a control qubit c {\\displaystyle c} in the | 0 ⟩ {\\displaystyle |0\\rangle } state, then apply a Hadamard gate H {\\displaystyle H} to c {\\displaystyle c} , then apply P {\\displaystyle P} controlled by c {\\displaystyle c} , then apply another Hadamard gate H {\\displaystyle H} to c {\\displaystyle c} , then measure c {\\displaystyle c} in the computational basis. Phase kickback results in the +1 eigenstates of P {\\displaystyle P} having no effect on c {\\displaystyle c} , while -1 eigenstates apply a Pauli Z {\\displaystyle Z} to c {\\displaystyle c} . The surrounding Hadamard gates turn the Pauli Z {\\displaystyle Z} (a phase flip) into a Pauli X {\\displaystyle X} (a bit flip). So c {\\displaystyle c} gets flipped from | 0 ⟩ {\\displaystyle |0\\rangle } to | 1 ⟩ {\\displaystyle |1\\rangle } when the state is in the -1 eigenstate of P {\\displaystyle P} . The measurement operation reveals whether c {\\displaystyle c} is | 0 ⟩ {\\displaystyle |0\\rangle } or | 1 ⟩ {\\displaystyle |1\\rangle } , which reveals whether the state was in the +1 or -1 eigenspace of P {\\displaystyle P} .",
"title": ""
}
] |
In quantum computing, phase kickback refers to the fact that controlled operations have effects on their controls, in addition to on their targets, and that these effects correspond to phasing operations.
For example, when a controlled NOT gate's target qubit is in the state 1 / 2 , the effect of the controlled NOT gate is equivalent to the effect of applying a Pauli Z gate to the controlled NOT's control qubit.
Phase kickback is one of the key effects that distinguishes quantum computation from classical computation.
For example, phase kickback is the mechanism behind the Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm and more generally the quantum phase estimation algorithm.
Phase kickback also provides a justification for why qubits would be disrupted by measurements: a measurement is an operation that flips a classical bit with the flip being controlled by a quantum bit.
This creates kickback from the bit to the qubit, randomizing the qubit's phase. Phase kickback occurs because the basis transformations that distinguish targets from controls are available as operations.
For example, surrounding a controlled NOT gate with four Hadamard gates produces a compound operation whose effect is equivalent to a controlled NOT gate, but with the roles of its control qubit and target qubit exchanged.
More abstractly, phase kickback occurs because the eigendecomposition of controlled operations makes no significant distinction between controls and targets.
For example, the controlled Z gate is a symmetric operation that has the same effect if its target and control are switched, and a controlled NOT gate can be decomposed into a Hadamard gate on its target, then a controlled Z gate, then a second Hadamard gate on its target.
This decomposition reveals that, at the core of the apparently-asymmetric controlled-NOT gate, there is a symmetric effect that does not distinguish between control and target. Phase kickback can be used to measure an operator P whose eigenvalues are +1 and -1.
This is a common technique for measuring operators in quantum error correcting codes, such as the surface code.
The procedure is as follows.
Initialize a control qubit c in the | 0 ⟩ state, then apply a Hadamard gate H to c , then apply P controlled by c , then apply another Hadamard gate H to c , then measure c in the computational basis.
Phase kickback results in the +1 eigenstates of P having no effect on c , while -1 eigenstates apply a Pauli Z to c .
The surrounding Hadamard gates turn the Pauli Z into a Pauli X .
So c gets flipped from | 0 ⟩ to | 1 ⟩ when the state is in the -1 eigenstate of P .
The measurement operation reveals whether c is | 0 ⟩ or | 1 ⟩ , which reveals whether the state was in the +1 or -1 eigenspace of P .
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2023-12-17T00:39:29Z
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2023-12-31T22:52:26Z
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_kickback
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75,581,965 |
Joseph G. Kennelly Jr.
|
Joseph G. Kennelly Jr. (August 28, 1920 – October 12, 1999) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 24th and 28th district of the Florida House of Representatives.
Kennelly was born in Plant City, Florida. He attended the University of Florida.
In 1966, Kennelly was elected to the Florida House of Representatives. The next year, he was elected as the first representative for the newly-established 28th district. He served until 1968, when he was succeeded by Harry W. Westberry. In 1970, he was elected to represent the 24th district, succeeding Fred Schultz. He served until 1972, when he was succeeded by Ander Crenshaw.
Kennelly died on October 12, 1999, at the age of 79.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Joseph G. Kennelly Jr. (August 28, 1920 – October 12, 1999) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 24th and 28th district of the Florida House of Representatives.",
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},
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Kennelly was born in Plant City, Florida. He attended the University of Florida.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1966, Kennelly was elected to the Florida House of Representatives. The next year, he was elected as the first representative for the newly-established 28th district. He served until 1968, when he was succeeded by Harry W. Westberry. In 1970, he was elected to represent the 24th district, succeeding Fred Schultz. He served until 1972, when he was succeeded by Ander Crenshaw.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Kennelly died on October 12, 1999, at the age of 79.",
"title": "Life and career"
}
] |
Joseph G. Kennelly Jr. was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 24th and 28th district of the Florida House of Representatives.
|
2023-12-17T00:40:25Z
|
2023-12-25T11:37:03Z
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_G._Kennelly_Jr.
|
75,581,980 |
Paul MacDonald
|
Paul MacDonald may refer to:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Paul MacDonald may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] |
Paul MacDonald may refer to: Paul MacDonald (canoeist), New Zealand canoeist
Paul A. MacDonald (1912–2006), American politician and lawyer from Maine
Paul K. MacDonald, American political scientist
|
2023-12-17T00:44:32Z
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2023-12-17T00:49:16Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_MacDonald
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75,581,984 |
Preethiyinda
|
Preethiyinda is a 2015 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by Raju Halaguru and starring Rakesh Adiga and Sonia Gowda with Lakshmi Chandrashekar and Avinash in supporting roles.
The film was in production for two years.
The music was composed by Rajesh Ramanath.
A critic from Sify wrote that "Overall, it is a below average movie and can be skipped!" A critic from The Hindu wrote that "Preetiyinda creates its own nonsensical universe. The film heightens stereotypes of the ideal son, the lover and the idea of love itself. Far from earning applause, Preetiyinda is a distressing experience". A critic from Deccan Herald wrote that "Seeped in myriad of sentiments, debutant director Raju Halagur’s Preethiyinda turns out to be one of missed opportunity. Halagur’s honest intentions of a clean, message-oriented movie is appreciable".
|
[
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"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Preethiyinda is a 2015 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by Raju Halaguru and starring Rakesh Adiga and Sonia Gowda with Lakshmi Chandrashekar and Avinash in supporting roles.",
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},
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"text": "The film was in production for two years.",
"title": "Production"
},
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"text": "The music was composed by Rajesh Ramanath.",
"title": "Soundtrack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "A critic from Sify wrote that \"Overall, it is a below average movie and can be skipped!\" A critic from The Hindu wrote that \"Preetiyinda creates its own nonsensical universe. The film heightens stereotypes of the ideal son, the lover and the idea of love itself. Far from earning applause, Preetiyinda is a distressing experience\". A critic from Deccan Herald wrote that \"Seeped in myriad of sentiments, debutant director Raju Halagur’s Preethiyinda turns out to be one of missed opportunity. Halagur’s honest intentions of a clean, message-oriented movie is appreciable\".",
"title": "Reception"
}
] |
Preethiyinda is a 2015 Indian Kannada-language romantic drama film directed by Raju Halaguru and starring Rakesh Adiga and Sonia Gowda with Lakshmi Chandrashekar and Avinash in supporting roles.
|
2023-12-17T00:45:06Z
|
2023-12-17T08:43:54Z
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preethiyinda
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75,581,985 |
History of the Islamic State – Khorasan Province
|
The Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISIS–K) is a regional branch of the Islamic State terrorist group active in South-Central Asia, primarily Afghanistan. ISIS–K seeks to destabilize and overthrow existing governments of the historic Khorasan region in order to establish an Islamic caliphate under its strict, fundamentalist Islamist rule.
Prior to the birth of ISIS–K, a number of Islamic jihadist groups operated in South and Central Asia, many linked to Al-Qaeda. In Iran, groups included Jundullah, Harakat Ansar Iran, and Jaish al-Adl. Pakistan hosted hundreds of groups including Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ), Sepah-e-Sahaba, and Tehrik-e-Taliban-e-Pakistan (TTP). Tajikistan hosted groups such as Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan, Jamaat Ansarullah, and Harakati Islamii Tajikistan. Other groups persisted on the periphery including the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), the Uyghur Turkestan Islamic Party (TIP), East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), and Turkistan Islamic Party (IMT). Each group would develop close relations with either Al-Qaeda or the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.
In response to failed negotiations with the Taliban following the September 11th 2001 attacks by Al-Qaeda against the United States, the U.S. overthrew the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and launched a military campaign against Al-Qaeda and Taliban militants who fought to reclaim the country. The insurgent conflict became a focal point for jihadism in the Khorasan region with nearly every jihadist group in the region taking part to varying degrees.
In 2003, the United States overthrew the Ba’athist government of Iraq and its leader, Saddam Hussein. Jamat al-Tawhid wa-al-Jihad (Organization of Monotheism and Jihad), led by Jordanian Salafist jihadist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, quickly gained notoriety for bloody attacks on Shia mosques, civilians, Iraqi government, American, and foreign troops. In 2004, Zarqawi swore allegiance to Osama bin Laden and the group became part of Ayman al-Zawahiri's campaign against the United States, becoming known as al-Qaeda in Iraq or AQI. Zarqawi was killed by US forces in June 2006.
By 2010, the Taliban resistance had become weakened under the stresses of factionalism and the Taliban had lost credibility to many of the jihadist groups for its attempts to negotiate with NATO forces. In contrast, the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in March 2011 shifted the attention of jihadists from the Afghan jihad to the Levant. With jihadist groups flocking to take part in the conflict, al-Qaeda's branches in Afghanistan and Pakistan began lobbying to send groups of fighters to join the Syrian jihad, a measure to demonstrate to the world that al-Qaeda was still actively involved in a global jihad, especially as donor states’ interest in the Afghan jihad faded in favor of the surging ISIS campaign in Syria. Although al-Qaeda-linked Afghan and Pakistani jihadists had traveled to fight in the Levant as early as 2003, most groups had been small in number and quickly integrated into assorted ISIS units.
The Syrian civil war, where ISIS attained significant military power and attention for the sizeable terrain it controlled, began to attract slightly larger groups of Afghan and Pakistani militants, many of whom may have been disenchanted with the progress of the Afghan jihad. An April 2012 estimate by Russian security services described 200–250 Afghans and 250–300 Pakistanis from TTP involved in the conflict.
A significant development came on 14 July 2012 as Hafiz Saeed Khan, a prominent TTP leader, agreed to rapidly assemble a group of 143 Afghan and Pakistani volunteer fighters for al-Qaeda to dispatch to join the al-Nusra Front in Syria. Similarly, as the Taliban's Quetta Shura and leadership council (Rahbari Shura) refused to send fighters to Syria, the Talban's Peshawar Shura and semi-autonomous Miran Shah Shura (better known as the Haqqani Network) arranged a deal between Sirajuddin Haqqani and ISIS-leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi to deploy Afghan and Pakistani jihadists to the Syrian conflict on salaries of $800 a month, four times that of Taliban fighters. Most importantly, these jihadist units fought as organized groups and would eventually be brought back to Afghanistan and Pakistan, unlike previous groups which were assimilated into local jihadist groups fighting in Syria. Deployments of groups by al-Qaeda in South Asia and by parts of the Taliban quickly made a remarkable impact on the Syrian conflict. From 2012 through 2014, the ranks of Afghans and Pakistanis in ISIS grew massively with at least 1,000 volunteers deployed by TTP alone.
Likely appreciative of the volunteer fighters supplied by groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the ISIS Military Commission in Syria offered ten TTP and Taliban volunteer group leaders from Saeed Khan's first dispatch $1 million to proselytize for the movement when they returned to Afghanistan and Pakistan. Beginning in November 2013, these group leaders began approaching members of each militant group including the Afghan Taliban, TTP, IMU, LeT, LeJ, and others to join the effort. These ten commanders would become ISIS–K's early senior figures including Sheikh Mohsin and Sa'ad Emarati who would become ISIS–K's first emirs of Kunar and Logar Province, respectively. In support of the growing movement, the Haqqani Network and Peshawar Shura, established two training camps in Waziristan and Kunar to teach militants combat skills, vet militants, and provide elementary Arabic language lessons. Once complete, these fighters would transit across Iran and Turkey to reach Syria, mostly posing as economic migrants, or by commercial flight for more senior leaders. At the time, commanders found it fairly easy to motivate fighters to join the fight in Syria as most assumed their former organization would eventually sign a peace deal with the Afghan or Pakistani government, and because the money was more attractive than the region's faltering Taliban donors. One senior ISIS–K member noted in June 2015 "many Arab countries support Daesh: Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, and others. They also have a lot of natural resources under their control, like oil wells." Beginning in mid-2013, the groups' leaders began to swear allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the emir of the Islamic State, though it remains unclear how the militant's original organizations viewed these newly sworn allegiances or if others opted to remain loyal to al-Qaida's al-Nusra Front.
Through early 2014, even before the Islamic State would officially separate from al-Qaeda and declare a caliphate in Iraq and Syria, Al-Baghdadi (emir of ISIS), Muslim Turkmani (deputy emir), and Abu Omar al-Shishani (senior commander in Raqqa) had been advocating strongly that the volunteers set up a new branch (wilayah) in Afghanistan and Pakistan with the territories of Iran and Central Asia as later goals. On 3 April 2014, al-Shishani appointed Qari Wali Rahman, an Afghan from Baghlan who had been fighting in Syria since 2013, to be the Islamic State's special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Even though the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria had agreed to the establishment of a branch in Khorasan, and though a single, special representative to the new branch had been named, the groups of volunteers from the Khorasan region (primarily Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan) were still disunited and dispersed. Only in 2014, had the groups began to form larger organizations and coalesce around a few key commanders. Author Antoni Giustozzi, who writes extensively on the formation of ISIS–K from interviews with senior members, identifies three key "coagulation points" in Afghanistan and one in Pakistan that would later merge to become ISIS–K.
In Afghanistan, three groups formed: Tehrik-e Khilafat Khorasan (TKK), Khilafat Afghan and Muslim Dost's Group, and Azizullah Haqqani's group.
The first group in Khorasan to be officially recognized by and reportedly most enjoyed by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, was Tehrik-e Khalifat Khorasan (Pashto: تحریک خلافت خراسان, 'Movement of the Khorasan Caliphate', TKK). The group, substantially comprising Afghans from the country's east, was originally headed by Abdul Rahim Muslim Dost. Muslim Dost was replaced by Mawlavi Nasratullah Popolzai quickly and reasons for the replacement are largely unknown. Muslim Dost would leave TKK to establish his own group instead.
The second coalescent group in Afghanistan was Khalifat Afghan (Pashto: خلافت افغان, 'Afghan Caliphate') which was led by Abdul Khadim Rauf. Khadim was an Alizai Pashtun from Helmand in southern Afghanistan who had originally served as the Taliban's provincial governor of Kunar until he was arrested by US forces and sent to the Guantanamo Bay detention camp until his release in 2007. Though he was a senior former cadre of the Taliban's Quetta Shura, Khadim fell out of favor with the Taliban who suspected that Khadim had grown close to Salafist ideas while detained. Khadim's close friend, Sa'ad Emarati, among the first Afghans sent by Hafiz Saeed Khan to join the jihad in Syria, arranged a formal invitation from the Islamic State emir, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, to Khadim requesting that he form a group and join ISIS. Khadim formed Khilafat Afghan in 2013 with the 200 men he commanded in Helmand but grew his organization to 1,400 by January 2015.
Having left TKK, Muslim Dost joined Khliafat Afghan, but ended up clashing with Khadim in early 2015 and leaving Khilafat Afghan with 650 of the group's fighters — Muslim Dost's second such clash. Khilafat Afghan had managed to recover from its losses by October 2015 when it claimed 1,140 members. Khadim led the group and its operations in Helmand until he was killed in a U.S. drone strike in Helmand in February 2015, succeeded by his nephew Wahidullah Wahid. 240 of Khilafat Afghan's personnel were support personnel with around 100 managing the group's logistics and finances in Pakistan and 80 members stationed at various headquarters in Doha (its main headquarters, indicative of the group's strong relationship with Qatar), North Waziristan, Nawa in Ghazni, and the UAE.
Following his unceremonious exist from Khilafat Afghan, Muslim Dost's new breakaway group would officially join ISIS–K on 6 March 2015, growing significantly in personnel thanks to ample funding from private Saudi donors. Even though he came from Kot District, Nangarhar, Muslim Dost recruited primarily from members of the Quetta Shura (access he was originally provided by his association with Khadim), though he broadened later to include his home province.
The third coalescent group in Afghanistan was a group led by Azizullah Haqqani. Azizullah, not to be confused with the brother by the same name of Sirajuddin Haqqani, had recruited entirely out of the Haqqani network and Hizb-i Islami. In 2014, Azizullah was temporarily expelled from his senior position on the Miran Shah Shura for his exclusive recruitment of members from the Haqqani network. Azizullah was able to later reconcile with Sirajuddin and regain his position on the shura, until Azizullah resumed his recruitment of Haqqani network leaders, drawing the anger of Sirajuddin in October 2016 and his permanent sacking from the shura.
In Pakistan, Giustozzi writes, there was a single coagulation point: Tehrik-e Khilafat Pakistan (Pashto: تحریک خلافت پاکستان, 'Caliphate Movement of Pakistan', TKP), not to be confused with the similarly named Tehrik-e Khilafat in Karachi. TKP was organized around Hafiz Saeed Khan, the prominent TTP commander who had, on behalf of the TTP and al-Qaeda leadership in Pakistan, been the first to dispatch units of Afghan and Pakistani militants to Syria with the intent to bring jihadist experience back to the region. Although Saeed Khan had sworn allegiance to ISIS Emir Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi on 11 May 2013, it wasn't until 15 July 2014 that he formally established the TKP, which was announced publicly on 14 August 2014. TKP's membership was the product of merging eight groups within TTP, each comprising a few hundred men and led by a commander:
The new allegiance of these TTP groups was initially dismissed by TTP leadership as mere 'hundreds', but later admitted that the number was likely in the thousands and did contribute to a significant fall in TTP membership. Although Abdul Bahar Mehsud, the commander of the largest of these groups, had previously been al-Baghdadi's appointed ISIS representative in Pakistan, Hafiz Saeed Khan's close relationship with al-Baghdadi quickly gave him command of TKP. Unlike TKK, Khilafat Afghan, Muslim Dost's group, or Azizullah's group, TKP substantially comprised returning fighters from the Syrian jihad, most of whom where originally TTP militants. In the same time period, TTP was splintering into a number of offshoot militant groups as many felt disaffected by TTP emir Mullah Fazulllah. TKP benefitted heavily from recruitment of those disaffected TTP members who had Salafist inclinations while others formed splinter groups such as Jamaat-al-Ahrar and the Mehsud faction of the TTP.
Up until the end of 2014, the TKK, Khilafat Afghan, Muslim Dost's group, Azizullah's group, and TKP all acted and communicated between each other as distinct, separate entities, despite all swearing allegiance to ISIS emir Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. That all changed on 26 January 2015 when ISIS Central's chief spokesperson, Abu Muhammad al-Adnan announced in an audio statement the official establishment of Wilayat Khorasan with Hafiz Saeed Khan as Wali. Interviews with ISIS–K leaders suggest that it was from that day forward that members of these formerly separate groups all began to refer to themselves as Daesh, Daesh Khorasan, or Khilafat Islami with a strong discouragement for any continued insinuation of separate groups. One ISIS–K member, formerly of Khilafat Afghan remarked "My boss is Mullah Abdul Khadim, from the Orakzai tribe of Pakistan. I don't know who is my boss and we don't need to know that. I only know who my boss is and who the leader of Khilafat-i-Islami is, Amir-ul-Muminin Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Daesh is not like the Taliban where everyone knows about their system."
Although Khorasan Province wasn't officially established until January 2015, a number of indicators of ISIS's regional presence began appearing in August 2014 when the ISIS-aligned militant groups began its propaganda campaign which included leaflets and pamphlets, including a twelve-page pamphlet in Pashto and Dari in the Pakistani frontier region announcing the "imminent expansion of the Islamic State into Khorasan" and calling on Muslims to swear allegiance to al-Baghdadi. The propaganda materials were believed to have been produced and distributed from across the border in Afghanistan. In November 2014, reports began to emerge in rapid succession telling of a new training camp in Kunar. In January 2015 came a report that thirteen men associated with ISIS–K were arrested in Bagram, Parwan. In February 2015, Afghan army intelligence reports indicated that ISIS–K had around seventy members present in Khakki Safed District, Farah Province, the first the National Directorate of Security's had to admit of ISIS–K's presence in the country. On 9 February 2015, Khadim, the deputy governor of ISIS–K, was killed in a U.S. airstrike in Helmand Province. In March 2015, reports began to surface of ISIS–K propaganda materials being distributed in Kabul for the first time.
Though ISIS–K, when it was officially declared in January 2015, was the product of the merger of Tehrik-e Khilafat Khorasan (TKK), Khilafat Afghan, Muslim Dost's group, Azizullah Haqqani's group, and Tehrik-e Khilafat Pakistan (TKP), the organizations expansion attracted various other militant groups, including many from Afghanistan's geographic periphery. Notable among these are the Omar Ghazi Group, Shamali Khilafat, Gansu Hui Group, Harakat Khilafat Baluch, Jaysh ul Islam, Mullah Bakhtwar's group, the Shamsatoo group, and radical student groups in Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan.
Formed in February 2015, the Omar Ghazi group emerged from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan's (IMU) contingent in Syria, with encouragement from Abu Muslim Turkmani of ISIS-Central. Led by Omar Ghazi and an IMU commander named Sadullah Urgeni, the group initially comprised 580 members, with a presence in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Syria, and Iraq. Primarily based in Faryab, Afghanistan, the group's activities were marked by its alignment with the ISIS ideology. Over time, as ISIS–K gained prominence, the Omar Ghazi Group's status within the broader IMU evolved, with some reintegration reported by spring 2016.
Shamali Khilafat, established in northeastern Afghanistan in February 2015, was a faction that emerged as part of ISIS–K, the Khorasan branch of ISIS. Initially formed as a network within the Taliban, centered around Dasht-i Archi near Kunduz, the group gained recognition and claimed its independence from the Taliban in late 2015. Led by Mawlavi Hakimullah Baghlani, Shamali Khilafat attracted Taliban commanders of Uzbek and Tajik ethnicity, particularly those with ties to the former Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU). The group's formation represented a distinctive coagulation point in northern Afghanistan, distinct from factions rooted in the Syrian war.
By May 2016, Shamali Khilafat claimed around 1,000-1,100 members, with its activities marked by a blend of local affiliations and an indirect relationship with ISIS-Central.
The Gansu Hui Group, an entity within ISIS–K, was formed to mobilize Chinese Muslims, particularly Hui and Uyghurs, into the insurgency. Established in July 2015, the group was led by Abu Abdul Hamza Al Turkistani, a Chinese Muslim operating in Syria who received instructions from ISIS leadership to set up a new group aimed at recruiting Chinese Muslims, particularly Huis. While negotiating with the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM) over a potential merger, the ISIS leadership recognized the Gansu Hui Group in August 2015. The group, not officially designated as a 'component group,' claimed 118 members in Afghanistan and Pakistan by July 2016, primarily composed of Uyghurs with only a fraction being Huis. Despite its modest size, the group played a role in negotiations with other Chinese Muslim factions and external allies of ISIS.
The Gansu Hui Group's formation underscored ISIS–K's strategic interest in appealing to diverse ethnic and religious groups within China, capitalizing on the discontent among Chinese Muslims.
Harakat Khilafat Baluch, a key component group operating within the framework of ISIS–K, emerged as a significant player in the evolving landscape of militant activities in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region. Established on July 13, 2015, through the merger of Iranian Baluchi factions, including Harakat-e Ansar-e Iran, Jaysh ul Adl, and elements from Jundullah, the group swiftly became a focal point for Sunni militants. Led by prominent figures like Abu Hafs al Baluchi and Muhammad Hassan Baluch, the organization claimed an initial membership of 245, comprising primarily Iranian Baluchis, alongside Afghan and Pakistani counterparts.
Harakat Khilafat Baluch played a crucial role in ISIS–K's strategy, aiming to intensify insurgency within Iran's borders. The group's collaboration with ISIS–K signaled a dynamic interplay of regional geopolitical factors, diverse funding streams, and nuanced ideological motivations. Despite its initial numerical modesty, the group's impact extended beyond its claimed membership, influencing the broader Sunni landscape and contributing to ISIS–K's broader goal of establishing a foothold in border regions.
Jaysh ul Islam, a significant component group aligned with ISIS–K, joined the militant landscape in November 2015, bringing a considerable force of nearly 700 members, with a notable presence in Pakistani Baluchistan. Led by figures like Mehmud Rahman and later Maulana Mohammad Tahir Baluch, the group demonstrated an ideological affinity with ISIS, particularly in its targeting of Shi’a communities. The group's focus on Baluchistan and its diverse ethnic composition underscored ISIS–K's strategic commitment to the region as a gateway into Iran.
Jaysh ul Islam's funding sources, which included ISIS-Central, Qatar, and Saudi Arabian private donors, reflected the complex web of financial support sustaining militant activities. The group's merger with ISIS–K exemplified the broader dynamics of regional alliances, emphasizing the organization's alignment with ISIS's extremist ideology and its role in furthering the overarching goals of ISIS–K in the Afghanistan-Pakistan borderlands.
Mullah Bakhtwar's group, a faction led by the former Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) commander from the Afridi tribe, emerged on the militant scene in early 2016 and later joined forces with ISIS–K. With a claimed membership of 400 individuals, the group comprised Pakistanis, freshly recruited Afghans, and Central Asians from various extremist groups. Mullah Bakhtwar maintained close ties with the TTP and the Tehreek-i-Khilafat Pakistan (TKP), displaying a nuanced relationship with both the Taliban and ISIS–K. The group's opposition to fighting the Taliban and its multiethnic composition reflected the intricate alliances and rivalries within the broader jihadist landscape.
In the backdrop of Bakhtwar's reported support from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, the group's integration into ISIS–K added another layer to the complex geopolitical dynamics shaping militant activities in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region. Bakhtwar's life was cut short in an airstrike in Nangarhar in the autumn of 2016, leading to the absorption of his group into the TKP, marking the conclusion of its brief existence as a distinct entity.
The Shamsatoo group was a notable faction that, unlike other recognized component groups, didn't attain official recognition from ISIS–K but played a significant role in the region's jihadist dynamics. Comprising reportedly 400 members, this group originated from Hizb-i Islami, a longstanding Afghan political and military organization. Led by Commander Mustafa, the group, stationed in Shamsatoo Camp in Pakistan, joined ISIS–K in 2015. The decision to not formally acknowledge them as a component group possibly stemmed from ISIS–K's wariness of potential allegiance conflicts and concerns about the group becoming a Trojan horse for Hizb-i Islami's leadership.
The dynamics of this integration involved a unique agreement where the Shamsatoo recruits received senior positions and facilities akin to other ISIS–K members but were distributed among various recognized component groups. This arrangement suggested a level of caution on the part of ISIS–K, aiming to exert control over the recruits while avoiding the concentration of power within a specific faction. Some members of the Shamsatoo group reportedly left in protest against the agreement, reflecting internal tensions. The group's presence echoed the broader trend of ISIS–K negotiating with individual Hizb-i Islami commanders, highlighting the complex interplay of ideological, political, and pragmatic motivations. Factors such as Hizb-i Islami's financial struggles and the desire to counter Iran might have influenced their alignment with ISIS–K.
ISIS–K's strategy extended beyond traditional military recruitment, delving into the complex terrain of radical student groups. In 2016, it was reported that the organization allocated a substantial $5 million USD (450 million Pakistani Rupees) to influence such groups in Pakistan. Notably, ISIS–K gained traction among students, particularly within Karachi University and beyond, fostering a network that extended into the realm of education. One group, the 'Islamic Students' Movement of Pakistan,' claimed affiliation with ISIS, asserting connections through propagating leaflets and study groups. Although not confirmed by ISIS–K, this group's activities hinted at the organization's efforts to appeal not only to religious zealots but also to a broader demographic, including what they described as 'modern girls, modern boys.'
The university landscape became a battleground of ideologies, with reports emerging of a lecturer at Karachi University arrested in March 2016 under suspicion of attempting to establish an ISIS cell. This incident highlighted the potential infiltration of educational institutions by radical elements. The influence of ISIS–K extended to various student groups, with a notable example being the 'Saut-ul Ummah,' a splinter group of Hizb-ut Tahrir operating in Lahore. Although declaring allegiance to ISIS, this group remained distinct from ISIS–K's formal structure. The complex interplay between militant groups and students revealed a nuanced relationship, with some urban cells seemingly maintaining direct connections with Mosul rather than ISIS–K. The phenomenon reflected the broader trend of militants, previously affiliated with groups like the TTP, gravitating towards ISIS in response to the crackdown on TTP in urban areas.
Furthermore, the students of Jamia Hafsa, a radical madrasa affiliated with the Lal Masjid, openly declared support for ISIS–K. In response, arrests were made of female students engaged in recruiting for the organization. These instances underscored the ideological battle within educational institutions and the potential for such environments to serve as breeding grounds for radicalization. It also suggested that, if effectively linked to ISIS, these urban cells maintained direct relations with the central ISIS leadership in Mosul rather than ISIS–K in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region. The multifaceted engagement with student groups showcased ISIS–K's adaptability and its pursuit of influence beyond traditional military avenues, utilizing educational institutions as arenas for ideological propagation and recruitment. The organization's ability to penetrate academic spaces revealed the intricate challenges faced by authorities in curbing extremist ideologies and activities within educational settings.
Following ISIS–K's official establishment in 2015, a number of regional Sunni jihadist groups that did not wish to fully merge with ISIS–K elected to form alliances with the Islamic State's new regional affiliate. Most of these group's ultimate aims rest outside of the conflict in Afghanistan and sought ISIS–K as a partner that both shared a hatred for the governments of Afghanistan's neighboring states and often Shia Muslims. These included Pakistani jihadist groups, Baluchi jihadist groups in Iran and Pakistan, and a variety of Central Asian jihadist groups. A common motivation to ally with ISIS–K among these Central Asian groups was that ISIS–K promised a more immediate focus on Central Asian states, whereas al-Qaeda, an otherwise long-term partner for these jihadists, became so focused on the war against NATO and Afghan government forces that it perpetually put off any serious plans to expand jihadist presence or operations in Central Asia.
The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Ўзбекистон исломий ҳаракати, romanized: Oʻzbekiston Islomiy Harakati, IMU) was a militant Islamist group formed in 1998 by Islamic ideologue Tahir Yuldashev and former Soviet paratrooper Juma Namangani; both ethnic Uzbeks from the Fergana Valley. Its original objective was to overthrow President Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan and create an Islamic state under Sharia; however, in subsequent years, it reinvented itself as an ally of Al-Qaeda. The group also maintained relations with Afghan Taliban in 1990s. However, later on, relations between the Afghan Taliban and the IMU started declining. The IMU suffered heavy casualties in 2001–2002 during the American-led invasion of Afghanistan. Namangani was killed, while Yuldeshev and many of the IMU's remaining fighters escaped with remnants of the Taliban to Waziristan, in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. The IMU then focused on fighting the Pakistan Forces in the Tribal Areas, and NATO and Afghan forces in northern Afghanistan.
The IMU forged a very close relationship with ISIS–K and the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, much the product of fighting alongside ISIS in Iraq and Syria. Managing to keep receiving support from al-Qaeda, in mid-2014, the IMU became vocal in its support for ISIS, especially as its leaders grew tired of the faltering reliability of the Taliban's Quetta Shura and with open doubts regarding the disappearance of Taliban leader and founder Mullah Muhammad Omar who had gone into hiding. His status would be unknown until late-July 2015 when Taliban would reveal that he had died in Pakistan two years earlier in 2013.
We are tired of the Taliban, we have worked with them for thirteen years and not seen Mullah Mohammad Omar. Not only was the leader nowhere to be seen, but the Peshawar Shura was giving the orders, and the Quetta Shura and Miran Shah Shura too were giving orders... Another reason is that the Taliban became weak and started negotiations with the Afghan Government and foreign forces.
In August 2015, IMU emir Osman Ghazi joined his colleague Omar Ghazi in a video published widely online, that the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan was officially part of ISIS–K's caliphate. Although the announcement was pleased by ISIS–K and ISIS-Core, a minority group of IMU fighters opted to maintain their allegiance to al-Qaeda. The alliance with ISIS–K was not permanent. The killing of IMU leader Osman Ghazi by the Taliban in November 2015 (possibly with help from Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) and the Islamic State's continuous series of losses in Iraq and Syria to Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR), compounded existing sympathies to the Taliban (with whom the IMU had been allied for over a decade and against whom ISIS–K perpetrated a number of bloody attacks). By February 2017, the IMU had fractured into two separated, pro-al-Qaeda groups, Omar Ghazi's pro-ISIS–K group, and Jamaat al-Bukhari, a group that had left in 2013 to remain allied with al-Qaeda. On 31 October 2017, Sayfullo Saipov, a terrorist with unclear connections to the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, drove a pickup truck down a crowded bike path in Manhattan, New York City, killing 8 and injuring 11 before being shot by a police officer. The incident was described by officials as "the deadliest attack on New York City since September 11th, 2001."
Beyond the IMU, between 2013 and 2016, ISIS–K established close relationships with a number of Central Asian jihadist groups including the Islamic Movement of Turkmenistan, Uyghur East Turkestan Islamic Party, Jamaat Ansarullah, Harakat Islami Tajikistan, and the Islamic Jihad Renaissance Party of Tajikistan.
The Islamic Movement of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Türkmenistan Ýslam Harakatı, IMT) is a subgroup within the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), not based in Turkmenistan (as its name suggests), but aims to bring Islamic jihadism into Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan's southwestern neighbor. IMT was regarded within IMU's pro-ISIS–K group led by Omar Ghazi to be likely to eventually merge with ISIS–K instead of the Taliban. IMT fighters, from their role in the IMU, gained jihadist experience fighting with the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. The current state of IMT–ISIS–K relations is not well known, however the two experienced a notable drift in 2016 when many elements of the IMT and IMU eased allegiance back to al-Qaeda.
The East Turkistan Islamic Party (Uyghur: تۈركىستان ئىسلام پارتىيىسى, romanized: Türkistan Islam Partiyisi; Chinese: 突厥斯坦伊斯兰党; pinyin: Tūjuésītǎn Yīsīlán Dǎng, ETIM) is a Uyghur Islamic extremist organization, not connected to the East Turkistan Independence Movement (ETIM) secessionist movement, that aims to establish an Islamic state, and eventually caliphate, in the historic region of East Turkistan in China's Xinjiang Province. ETIP, also a close ally of the IMU, maintains close links with ISIS–K who has lobbied ETIP to merge with it and continues to pay ETIP to send fighters to the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria — a branch of ETIP that fights alongside Chechen and Uzbek fighters in Syria's civil war since 2015.
Jamaat Ansarullah (Tajik: Ҷамоати Ансоруллоҳ, Persian: جماعت انصارالله, 'Society of the Partisans of God'), also known as the Tajikistani Taliban (Tajik: Толибони Тоҷикистон, Persian: طالبان تاجیکستان, 'Tehrik-i-Taliban Tajikistan'), is a Tajik Islamist militant movement based out of Afghanistan's Badakhshan Province that aims to enforce strict, fundamentalist Deobandi Islamic law in Tajikistan and establishing an Islamic government similar to the Afghan Taliban's post-2021 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Like other Central Asian groups, Jamaat Ansarullah established a relationship with the Islamic State while deploying fighters to the Syrian civil war. The group, formerly loyal to al-Qaeda, agreed to ally with ISIS–K in 2014 and 2015. The group, which still sends volunteers to Syria, receives 50% of funding from ISIS, 30% from the IMU, and 20% from al-Qaeda. Unlike other Central Asian jihadist groups to ally with ISIS–K, Jamaat Ansarullah appears to value its relationship with the Afghan Taliban over its alliance with ISIS–K (though both more valued than al-Qaeda), likely the result of Jamaat Ansarullah's vision to establish a state modeled off the Afghan Taliban's Islamic Emirate from 1996 to 2001 and 2021 onward. It is unclear if the organization completed its planned 2017 merger with ISIS–K.
Little is known of Harakat Islami Tajikistan, a small Central Asian Islamic jihadist group, except that it agreed to merge with ISIS–K in 2017. It is unclear whether or not that merge occurred.
The Islamic Jihad Renaissance Party of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҳизби наҳзати исломии ҷиходии Тоҷикистон, romanized: Hizbi Nahzati Islomii Jihadii Tojikiston, IJRPT) is a splinter group of the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҳизби наҳзати исломии Тоҷикистон, romanized: Hizbi nahzati islomii Tojikiston, IRPT), a former Islamist political party in Tajikistan which was banned from government in August 2015. Once the only legal Islamist political party in Central Asia, IRPT was declared a terrorist organization by the country's supreme court and banned from politics. One of the earliest, IJRPT began establishing relationships with the elements that would become ISIS–K in 2013 with its foreign fighters serving alongside ISIS–K's in the Syrian civil war. By 2016, IJRPT had abandoned al-Qaeda to form an alliance with the IMU and ISIS–K. IJRPT received funds from private donors in Saudi Arabia, the IMU, and ISIS–K, with ISIS–K nearly doubling that of the IMU, giving the former far greater control over IJRPT's leaders and decision making. IJRPT had plans to merge completely with ISIS–K in 2017, though it is unclear if those plans came to fruition.
Our fighters are also with Daesh. So they also want us to join with them. In reality, we have already joined with Daesh and we do many things that are decided by Daesh. What Daesh says, we do.
Hezb-e Islami ('Party of Islam') Gulbuddin (HIG) is an Afghan political and military organization founded by warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar that fought against the Soviets in Afghanistan and later, (with Pakistani ISI backing), fought against other warlord factions and mercilessly bombed Kabul in a struggle to seize the capital and rule Afghanistan. HIG's brutal attacks on Kabul and dwindling popular support led Pakistani intelligence to abandon the group and instead support the Afghan Taliban. In the early 1990s, the Taliban seized Kandahar, Herat, and, in 1996, seized Kabul and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, formally expelling HIG from the country while most of its members defected to the Afghan Taliban and later al-Qaeda. After the U.S. invasion in 2001, HIG declared an alliance with al-Qaeda fighting against NATO and Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), including a number of bombings and massacres across Afghanistan. In September 2016, the group signed a peace deal with the Karzai government in Kabul in exchange for formal recognition of the group and a removal of United States and United Nations sanctions against Hekmatyar. Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (HIG) pursued a unique vision for Afghanistan that stood in contrast to the Afghan Taliban's strong emphasis on tribal governance. While the Taliban aimed for a Pashtun government based on tribal structures, HIG sought to establish a post-tribal unified Islamic state. This distinction underscored HIG's vision for a governance model that transcended traditional tribal structures in favor of a more unified Islamic framework.
From 2015 to mid 2016, ISIS–K and Hezb-e Islami formed ties with ISIS–K over shared anti-Taliban and strong anti-Iran attitudes. Despite aligning with al-Qaeda, HIG continued to resent the Taliban for sidelining the group in the 1990s, clashes between the two during the war against NATO and the ANSF, and over their different designs for the nation. HIG's anti-Iranian attitudes stemmed from conflicts against the Iranian-backed Shia Hazara faction Hezb-e Wahdat in the Afghan civil war of the 1990s. Sources vary on the strength of ties between the two groups which were very likely fluid throughout the war. At one point, in early July 2015, Afghand and later international media groups began publishing a supposed statement released by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar urging his fighters to support ISIS–K against the Taliban. Days later, a HIG spokesman denied that such a statement had been issued and that the movement did not support ISIS–K. It did become clear that, over time, the ruthlessness of ISIS–K's attacks and the closure of schools in Nangarhar prompted HIG to distance itself from ISIS–K, a separation that would become permanent in 2016 as HIG entered reconciliation discussions with Karzai and eventually signed a peace deal in September of that year.
The Balochistan region, stretching through southeastern Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province), southern Afghanistan (lower third of Nimruz, Helmand, and Kandahar Provinces), and southwestern Pakistan (Balochistan Province), continues to host a number of violent Baluch separatist groups who violently oppose the presence of the Iranian and Pakistani governments within the region, as well as Shia Muslims whom it views as connected to Iran. Among these groups are Harakat-e Islami Sistan ('Islamic Movement of Sistan') in Iran, Iranian Jundullah ('Soldiers of God'), and Pakistani Jundullah, each of whom established an alliance with ISIS–K. Little is known about Harakat-e Islami Sistan. The Pakistani Jundullah, who shares ISIS's extreme hatred for Shia Muslims and history of brutal attacks on Pakistani Shia, described the larger Islamic State as "a brother." Throughout 2015 and 2016, ISIS–K worked to arrange a merger between both the Iranian and Pakistani Jundullah, succeeding in August 2016 with Mohammad Dhahir Baluch, formerly leader of the Iranian Jundullah, as head of the unified organization. This ISIS–K-sponsored merger aided the radical Sunni extremists to challenge Iran in the region and garner appreciation from its primarily Gulf-based anti-Iran, anti-Shia sponsors.
IS began actively recruiting defectors from the Taliban who were disgruntled with their leaders or lack of battlefield success. This prompted senior Taliban leader Akhtar Mansour to write a letter addressed to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, asking for the recruitment in Afghanistan to stop and arguing that the war in Afghanistan should be under the Taliban leadership. Nevertheless, fighting between the two groups broke out in Nangarhar Province and by June 2015 IS had been able to seize territory in Afghanistan for the first time. After driving the Taliban out of certain districts of Nangarhar after months of clashes, the group started carrying out its first attacks against Afghan forces in the province. Khorasan Province also developed a presence in other provinces including Helmand and Farah. In 2015, IS began broadcasting Pashto language radio in Nangarhar Province, later on adding content in Dari.
In 2016, the group lost control of the majority of its territory in Nangarhar province. It was driven out of Achin and Shinwar Districts following a military operation by Afghan Security Forces while clashes with the Taliban led to it being driven out of Batikot and Chaparhar districts. Following the loosening of targeting restrictions by U.S. forces in Afghanistan earlier in the year, the U.S. Air Force began conducting scores of air strikes against IS targets. In April 2016, the Taliban reported that a number of senior and mid-level leaders of Wilayah Khorasan in Nangarhar Province had defected from IS and pledged allegiance to Taliban leader Akhtar Mansour. The defectors included members of the group's central council, judicial council and prisoners council as well as certain field commanders and fighters.
A stronghold in eastern Afghanistan also collapsed as a result of concerted military offensives from United States, Afghan forces and Taliban. On 25 December 2017, in a video of a Kashmiri militant declaring allegiance to the Islamic State and declaring an ISIS–K Province in Kashmir, the fighter called on Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind to ally with or give allegiance to IS and wage jihad in Kashmir against the Indian government but the group declined.
The intricate web of alliances, conflicts, and negotiations in the volatile landscape of Afghanistan is central to understanding the dynamics between ISIS–K, the Taliban, the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), and Al-Qaeda. ISIS–K navigated a complex terrain of shifting allegiances and rivalries with these prominent jihadist groups revealing a complex tapestry of jihadist networks in the region, shaped by ideological, strategic, and geopolitical considerations.
ISIS–K's approach to the Taliban was marked by a delicate dance between cooperation and confrontation. Initially seeking a non-belligerence accord, ISIS–K aimed to establish itself firmly in Afghanistan while projecting an image of neighborly coexistence with the Taliban. However, as clashes erupted, the prospect of a lasting ceasefire faded, leading to an all-out clash. The relationship between ISIS–K and the Taliban was further complicated by external influences, with Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Iran playing roles in mediating or exacerbating tensions.
In contrast, the relationship between ISIS–K and the TTP, initially marked by ideological alignment, witnessed a deterioration over time. While early overtures were made, clashes and rivalries emerged, with both groups vying for influence in the region. The TTP's expulsion of commanders sympathetic to ISIS–K signaled a shift in dynamics, and talks between their leaders ended abruptly.
Similarly, ISIS–K's interactions with Al-Qaeda evolved from friendly overtures to heightened tensions. Initially describing their relations as friendly, ISIS–K and Al-Qaeda found themselves at odds, reflecting broader challenges within the jihadist landscape. The declaration of the caliphate by ISIS and its divergence from Al-Qaeda's leadership marked a turning point. Although attempts were made to maintain a ceasefire in certain regions, it eventually collapsed, leading to heightened hostilities.
Historically, the relationship between ISIS–K and the Taliban in Afghanistan has been characterized by a delicate balance of alliances and conflicts. ISIS–K initially sought a mutual non-belligerence accord with the Taliban, proposing a territorial partition that would allow both groups to operate independently. However, this seemingly cooperative approach masked ISIS–K's longer-term goal of replacing the Taliban entirely.
As clashes erupted, particularly in regions like Achin and Shinwar districts, the Taliban shifted focus to targeting ISIS–K, leading to a large-scale conflict. External influences, including pressure from Saudi Arabia and Qatar, initially deterred the Taliban from engaging in direct confrontation with ISIS–K. However, these dynamics changed as relations between the Taliban leadership, especially Akhtar Mansur, and external supporters deteriorated, leading to a more adversarial stance against ISIS–K.
Notably, within the Taliban ranks, there were divergent views on ISIS–K. While some figures advocated accommodation and cooperation, others vehemently opposed any alignment with the rival group. This internal rift was evident in the Quetta Shura's behavior, where some members maintained links with ISIS–K despite the overall antagonistic stance.
In specific regions like northern Afghanistan, ISIS–K forces, such as Shamali Khilafat and Omar Ghazi group, initially supported Taliban operations in Badakhshan, Takhar, and Kunduz. However, internal disagreements within ISIS–K leadership led to a ban on joint operations with the Taliban. Despite these complexities, negotiations and occasional ceasefires were attempted, reflecting the fluid nature of the relationship.
By mid-2016, ISIS–K adopted a new approach, expressing willingness to coexist with the Taliban as long as they refrained from direct operations against each other. This led to a ceasefire agreement in Nangarhar, where both groups redirected their efforts toward the Afghan government. However, hostilities continued in other regions, underscoring the fragile nature of the relationship.
The relationship between ISIS–K and the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP, also known as the Pakistani Taliban) has been marked by fluctuating alliances and underlying rivalries. Initially, the TTP faced internal divisions regarding allegiance to ISIS–K, with some members expressing support for the newly proclaimed Caliphate. However, tensions escalated by 2015, leading to a deterioration in relations.
ISIS–K's negative assessment of the TTP highlighted ideological differences and perceived corruption within the Pakistani Taliban. The TTP, once a bastion of sincere jihadists, was seen as deviating from its original mission after the proclamation of the Caliphate. The rivalry intensified, with sporadic clashes and struggles over influence in various regions.
Despite occasional non-belligerence agreements, particularly in the Afghanistan-Pakistan border areas, deep-rooted hostilities persisted. The TTP expelled members advocating for ISIS–K, and local skirmishes underscored the challenges of implementing cooperation.
The complex tribal dynamics further fueled the rivalry, with TTP attracting commanders from specific tribes while ISIS–K drew support from others. Tribal affiliations played a crucial role in shaping the contours of this conflict, complicating efforts to establish a unified jihadist front against common adversaries.
The ceasefires brokered between the two groups in Afghanistan faced challenges in implementation, with local dynamics often undermining broader agreements. In some instances, local commanders maintained relations with ISIS–K, while in others, the TTP vehemently opposed the growing influence of the rival group.
The relationship between ISIS–K and al-Qaeda has been characterized by complexity, evolving from initially friendly terms to heightened rivalry and strategic challenges. In the early stages of ISIS–K's emergence, al-Qaeda sought to maintain good relations, recognizing the potential for delegitimization if portrayed as fighting another jihadist organization.
While ISIS–K initially described its relations with al-Qaeda as friendly, differences in strategic focus and targeting became apparent. ISIS–K aimed at a broader spectrum, targeting not only Americans and British but also NATO, the Afghan government, and groups deemed against Sunni interests. This divergence in targeting and the self-proclamation of a Caliphate strained the relationship between the two jihadist entities.
The leader of al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Faruq al Qahtani, initially cooperated with ISIS–K, even training Afghan and Pakistani volunteers destined for IS-Central in Syria. However, this cooperation waned, leading to the defection of some al-Qaeda members to the rival group. By 2015, relations had markedly worsened, and ISIS–K's negative assessment of al-Qaeda's role in the region deepened.
In Kunar, a ceasefire was reached in the summer of 2016 between ISIS–K and al-Qaeda, accompanied by a non-interference agreement with the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). This accord, however, was short-lived, collapsing in early 2017. The breakdown of the ceasefire marked a turning point, with ISIS–K demanding al-Qaeda's alliance or evacuation from Kunar.
The strategic challenges between the two groups intensified following the killing of al-Qahtani in a U.S. drone strike in November 2016. This event, coupled with ISIS–K's push to dominate areas in Kunar, exacerbated tensions and led to al-Qaeda relocating its forces in response to the aggressive moves by the rival group.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISIS–K) is a regional branch of the Islamic State terrorist group active in South-Central Asia, primarily Afghanistan. ISIS–K seeks to destabilize and overthrow existing governments of the historic Khorasan region in order to establish an Islamic caliphate under its strict, fundamentalist Islamist rule.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to the birth of ISIS–K, a number of Islamic jihadist groups operated in South and Central Asia, many linked to Al-Qaeda. In Iran, groups included Jundullah, Harakat Ansar Iran, and Jaish al-Adl. Pakistan hosted hundreds of groups including Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ), Sepah-e-Sahaba, and Tehrik-e-Taliban-e-Pakistan (TTP). Tajikistan hosted groups such as Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan, Jamaat Ansarullah, and Harakati Islamii Tajikistan. Other groups persisted on the periphery including the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), the Uyghur Turkestan Islamic Party (TIP), East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM), and Turkistan Islamic Party (IMT). Each group would develop close relations with either Al-Qaeda or the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In response to failed negotiations with the Taliban following the September 11th 2001 attacks by Al-Qaeda against the United States, the U.S. overthrew the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and launched a military campaign against Al-Qaeda and Taliban militants who fought to reclaim the country. The insurgent conflict became a focal point for jihadism in the Khorasan region with nearly every jihadist group in the region taking part to varying degrees.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2003, the United States overthrew the Ba’athist government of Iraq and its leader, Saddam Hussein. Jamat al-Tawhid wa-al-Jihad (Organization of Monotheism and Jihad), led by Jordanian Salafist jihadist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, quickly gained notoriety for bloody attacks on Shia mosques, civilians, Iraqi government, American, and foreign troops. In 2004, Zarqawi swore allegiance to Osama bin Laden and the group became part of Ayman al-Zawahiri's campaign against the United States, becoming known as al-Qaeda in Iraq or AQI. Zarqawi was killed by US forces in June 2006.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "By 2010, the Taliban resistance had become weakened under the stresses of factionalism and the Taliban had lost credibility to many of the jihadist groups for its attempts to negotiate with NATO forces. In contrast, the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in March 2011 shifted the attention of jihadists from the Afghan jihad to the Levant. With jihadist groups flocking to take part in the conflict, al-Qaeda's branches in Afghanistan and Pakistan began lobbying to send groups of fighters to join the Syrian jihad, a measure to demonstrate to the world that al-Qaeda was still actively involved in a global jihad, especially as donor states’ interest in the Afghan jihad faded in favor of the surging ISIS campaign in Syria. Although al-Qaeda-linked Afghan and Pakistani jihadists had traveled to fight in the Levant as early as 2003, most groups had been small in number and quickly integrated into assorted ISIS units.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Syrian civil war, where ISIS attained significant military power and attention for the sizeable terrain it controlled, began to attract slightly larger groups of Afghan and Pakistani militants, many of whom may have been disenchanted with the progress of the Afghan jihad. An April 2012 estimate by Russian security services described 200–250 Afghans and 250–300 Pakistanis from TTP involved in the conflict.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "A significant development came on 14 July 2012 as Hafiz Saeed Khan, a prominent TTP leader, agreed to rapidly assemble a group of 143 Afghan and Pakistani volunteer fighters for al-Qaeda to dispatch to join the al-Nusra Front in Syria. Similarly, as the Taliban's Quetta Shura and leadership council (Rahbari Shura) refused to send fighters to Syria, the Talban's Peshawar Shura and semi-autonomous Miran Shah Shura (better known as the Haqqani Network) arranged a deal between Sirajuddin Haqqani and ISIS-leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi to deploy Afghan and Pakistani jihadists to the Syrian conflict on salaries of $800 a month, four times that of Taliban fighters. Most importantly, these jihadist units fought as organized groups and would eventually be brought back to Afghanistan and Pakistan, unlike previous groups which were assimilated into local jihadist groups fighting in Syria. Deployments of groups by al-Qaeda in South Asia and by parts of the Taliban quickly made a remarkable impact on the Syrian conflict. From 2012 through 2014, the ranks of Afghans and Pakistanis in ISIS grew massively with at least 1,000 volunteers deployed by TTP alone.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Likely appreciative of the volunteer fighters supplied by groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the ISIS Military Commission in Syria offered ten TTP and Taliban volunteer group leaders from Saeed Khan's first dispatch $1 million to proselytize for the movement when they returned to Afghanistan and Pakistan. Beginning in November 2013, these group leaders began approaching members of each militant group including the Afghan Taliban, TTP, IMU, LeT, LeJ, and others to join the effort. These ten commanders would become ISIS–K's early senior figures including Sheikh Mohsin and Sa'ad Emarati who would become ISIS–K's first emirs of Kunar and Logar Province, respectively. In support of the growing movement, the Haqqani Network and Peshawar Shura, established two training camps in Waziristan and Kunar to teach militants combat skills, vet militants, and provide elementary Arabic language lessons. Once complete, these fighters would transit across Iran and Turkey to reach Syria, mostly posing as economic migrants, or by commercial flight for more senior leaders. At the time, commanders found it fairly easy to motivate fighters to join the fight in Syria as most assumed their former organization would eventually sign a peace deal with the Afghan or Pakistani government, and because the money was more attractive than the region's faltering Taliban donors. One senior ISIS–K member noted in June 2015 \"many Arab countries support Daesh: Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, and others. They also have a lot of natural resources under their control, like oil wells.\" Beginning in mid-2013, the groups' leaders began to swear allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the emir of the Islamic State, though it remains unclear how the militant's original organizations viewed these newly sworn allegiances or if others opted to remain loyal to al-Qaida's al-Nusra Front.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Through early 2014, even before the Islamic State would officially separate from al-Qaeda and declare a caliphate in Iraq and Syria, Al-Baghdadi (emir of ISIS), Muslim Turkmani (deputy emir), and Abu Omar al-Shishani (senior commander in Raqqa) had been advocating strongly that the volunteers set up a new branch (wilayah) in Afghanistan and Pakistan with the territories of Iran and Central Asia as later goals. On 3 April 2014, al-Shishani appointed Qari Wali Rahman, an Afghan from Baghlan who had been fighting in Syria since 2013, to be the Islamic State's special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Even though the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria had agreed to the establishment of a branch in Khorasan, and though a single, special representative to the new branch had been named, the groups of volunteers from the Khorasan region (primarily Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan) were still disunited and dispersed. Only in 2014, had the groups began to form larger organizations and coalesce around a few key commanders. Author Antoni Giustozzi, who writes extensively on the formation of ISIS–K from interviews with senior members, identifies three key \"coagulation points\" in Afghanistan and one in Pakistan that would later merge to become ISIS–K.",
"title": "Disperate groups"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In Afghanistan, three groups formed: Tehrik-e Khilafat Khorasan (TKK), Khilafat Afghan and Muslim Dost's Group, and Azizullah Haqqani's group.",
"title": "Disperate groups"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The first group in Khorasan to be officially recognized by and reportedly most enjoyed by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, was Tehrik-e Khalifat Khorasan (Pashto: تحریک خلافت خراسان, 'Movement of the Khorasan Caliphate', TKK). The group, substantially comprising Afghans from the country's east, was originally headed by Abdul Rahim Muslim Dost. Muslim Dost was replaced by Mawlavi Nasratullah Popolzai quickly and reasons for the replacement are largely unknown. Muslim Dost would leave TKK to establish his own group instead.",
"title": "Disperate groups"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "The second coalescent group in Afghanistan was Khalifat Afghan (Pashto: خلافت افغان, 'Afghan Caliphate') which was led by Abdul Khadim Rauf. Khadim was an Alizai Pashtun from Helmand in southern Afghanistan who had originally served as the Taliban's provincial governor of Kunar until he was arrested by US forces and sent to the Guantanamo Bay detention camp until his release in 2007. Though he was a senior former cadre of the Taliban's Quetta Shura, Khadim fell out of favor with the Taliban who suspected that Khadim had grown close to Salafist ideas while detained. Khadim's close friend, Sa'ad Emarati, among the first Afghans sent by Hafiz Saeed Khan to join the jihad in Syria, arranged a formal invitation from the Islamic State emir, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, to Khadim requesting that he form a group and join ISIS. Khadim formed Khilafat Afghan in 2013 with the 200 men he commanded in Helmand but grew his organization to 1,400 by January 2015.",
"title": "Disperate groups"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Having left TKK, Muslim Dost joined Khliafat Afghan, but ended up clashing with Khadim in early 2015 and leaving Khilafat Afghan with 650 of the group's fighters — Muslim Dost's second such clash. Khilafat Afghan had managed to recover from its losses by October 2015 when it claimed 1,140 members. Khadim led the group and its operations in Helmand until he was killed in a U.S. drone strike in Helmand in February 2015, succeeded by his nephew Wahidullah Wahid. 240 of Khilafat Afghan's personnel were support personnel with around 100 managing the group's logistics and finances in Pakistan and 80 members stationed at various headquarters in Doha (its main headquarters, indicative of the group's strong relationship with Qatar), North Waziristan, Nawa in Ghazni, and the UAE.",
"title": "Disperate groups"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Following his unceremonious exist from Khilafat Afghan, Muslim Dost's new breakaway group would officially join ISIS–K on 6 March 2015, growing significantly in personnel thanks to ample funding from private Saudi donors. Even though he came from Kot District, Nangarhar, Muslim Dost recruited primarily from members of the Quetta Shura (access he was originally provided by his association with Khadim), though he broadened later to include his home province.",
"title": "Disperate groups"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "The third coalescent group in Afghanistan was a group led by Azizullah Haqqani. Azizullah, not to be confused with the brother by the same name of Sirajuddin Haqqani, had recruited entirely out of the Haqqani network and Hizb-i Islami. In 2014, Azizullah was temporarily expelled from his senior position on the Miran Shah Shura for his exclusive recruitment of members from the Haqqani network. Azizullah was able to later reconcile with Sirajuddin and regain his position on the shura, until Azizullah resumed his recruitment of Haqqani network leaders, drawing the anger of Sirajuddin in October 2016 and his permanent sacking from the shura.",
"title": "Disperate groups"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In Pakistan, Giustozzi writes, there was a single coagulation point: Tehrik-e Khilafat Pakistan (Pashto: تحریک خلافت پاکستان, 'Caliphate Movement of Pakistan', TKP), not to be confused with the similarly named Tehrik-e Khilafat in Karachi. TKP was organized around Hafiz Saeed Khan, the prominent TTP commander who had, on behalf of the TTP and al-Qaeda leadership in Pakistan, been the first to dispatch units of Afghan and Pakistani militants to Syria with the intent to bring jihadist experience back to the region. Although Saeed Khan had sworn allegiance to ISIS Emir Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi on 11 May 2013, it wasn't until 15 July 2014 that he formally established the TKP, which was announced publicly on 14 August 2014. TKP's membership was the product of merging eight groups within TTP, each comprising a few hundred men and led by a commander:",
"title": "Disperate groups"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The new allegiance of these TTP groups was initially dismissed by TTP leadership as mere 'hundreds', but later admitted that the number was likely in the thousands and did contribute to a significant fall in TTP membership. Although Abdul Bahar Mehsud, the commander of the largest of these groups, had previously been al-Baghdadi's appointed ISIS representative in Pakistan, Hafiz Saeed Khan's close relationship with al-Baghdadi quickly gave him command of TKP. Unlike TKK, Khilafat Afghan, Muslim Dost's group, or Azizullah's group, TKP substantially comprised returning fighters from the Syrian jihad, most of whom where originally TTP militants. In the same time period, TTP was splintering into a number of offshoot militant groups as many felt disaffected by TTP emir Mullah Fazulllah. TKP benefitted heavily from recruitment of those disaffected TTP members who had Salafist inclinations while others formed splinter groups such as Jamaat-al-Ahrar and the Mehsud faction of the TTP.",
"title": "Disperate groups"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Up until the end of 2014, the TKK, Khilafat Afghan, Muslim Dost's group, Azizullah's group, and TKP all acted and communicated between each other as distinct, separate entities, despite all swearing allegiance to ISIS emir Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. That all changed on 26 January 2015 when ISIS Central's chief spokesperson, Abu Muhammad al-Adnan announced in an audio statement the official establishment of Wilayat Khorasan with Hafiz Saeed Khan as Wali. Interviews with ISIS–K leaders suggest that it was from that day forward that members of these formerly separate groups all began to refer to themselves as Daesh, Daesh Khorasan, or Khilafat Islami with a strong discouragement for any continued insinuation of separate groups. One ISIS–K member, formerly of Khilafat Afghan remarked \"My boss is Mullah Abdul Khadim, from the Orakzai tribe of Pakistan. I don't know who is my boss and we don't need to know that. I only know who my boss is and who the leader of Khilafat-i-Islami is, Amir-ul-Muminin Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Daesh is not like the Taliban where everyone knows about their system.\"",
"title": "Birth of ISIS–K"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Although Khorasan Province wasn't officially established until January 2015, a number of indicators of ISIS's regional presence began appearing in August 2014 when the ISIS-aligned militant groups began its propaganda campaign which included leaflets and pamphlets, including a twelve-page pamphlet in Pashto and Dari in the Pakistani frontier region announcing the \"imminent expansion of the Islamic State into Khorasan\" and calling on Muslims to swear allegiance to al-Baghdadi. The propaganda materials were believed to have been produced and distributed from across the border in Afghanistan. In November 2014, reports began to emerge in rapid succession telling of a new training camp in Kunar. In January 2015 came a report that thirteen men associated with ISIS–K were arrested in Bagram, Parwan. In February 2015, Afghan army intelligence reports indicated that ISIS–K had around seventy members present in Khakki Safed District, Farah Province, the first the National Directorate of Security's had to admit of ISIS–K's presence in the country. On 9 February 2015, Khadim, the deputy governor of ISIS–K, was killed in a U.S. airstrike in Helmand Province. In March 2015, reports began to surface of ISIS–K propaganda materials being distributed in Kabul for the first time.",
"title": "Birth of ISIS–K"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Though ISIS–K, when it was officially declared in January 2015, was the product of the merger of Tehrik-e Khilafat Khorasan (TKK), Khilafat Afghan, Muslim Dost's group, Azizullah Haqqani's group, and Tehrik-e Khilafat Pakistan (TKP), the organizations expansion attracted various other militant groups, including many from Afghanistan's geographic periphery. Notable among these are the Omar Ghazi Group, Shamali Khilafat, Gansu Hui Group, Harakat Khilafat Baluch, Jaysh ul Islam, Mullah Bakhtwar's group, the Shamsatoo group, and radical student groups in Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Formed in February 2015, the Omar Ghazi group emerged from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan's (IMU) contingent in Syria, with encouragement from Abu Muslim Turkmani of ISIS-Central. Led by Omar Ghazi and an IMU commander named Sadullah Urgeni, the group initially comprised 580 members, with a presence in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Syria, and Iraq. Primarily based in Faryab, Afghanistan, the group's activities were marked by its alignment with the ISIS ideology. Over time, as ISIS–K gained prominence, the Omar Ghazi Group's status within the broader IMU evolved, with some reintegration reported by spring 2016.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Shamali Khilafat, established in northeastern Afghanistan in February 2015, was a faction that emerged as part of ISIS–K, the Khorasan branch of ISIS. Initially formed as a network within the Taliban, centered around Dasht-i Archi near Kunduz, the group gained recognition and claimed its independence from the Taliban in late 2015. Led by Mawlavi Hakimullah Baghlani, Shamali Khilafat attracted Taliban commanders of Uzbek and Tajik ethnicity, particularly those with ties to the former Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU). The group's formation represented a distinctive coagulation point in northern Afghanistan, distinct from factions rooted in the Syrian war.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "By May 2016, Shamali Khilafat claimed around 1,000-1,100 members, with its activities marked by a blend of local affiliations and an indirect relationship with ISIS-Central.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "The Gansu Hui Group, an entity within ISIS–K, was formed to mobilize Chinese Muslims, particularly Hui and Uyghurs, into the insurgency. Established in July 2015, the group was led by Abu Abdul Hamza Al Turkistani, a Chinese Muslim operating in Syria who received instructions from ISIS leadership to set up a new group aimed at recruiting Chinese Muslims, particularly Huis. While negotiating with the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM) over a potential merger, the ISIS leadership recognized the Gansu Hui Group in August 2015. The group, not officially designated as a 'component group,' claimed 118 members in Afghanistan and Pakistan by July 2016, primarily composed of Uyghurs with only a fraction being Huis. Despite its modest size, the group played a role in negotiations with other Chinese Muslim factions and external allies of ISIS.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "The Gansu Hui Group's formation underscored ISIS–K's strategic interest in appealing to diverse ethnic and religious groups within China, capitalizing on the discontent among Chinese Muslims.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "Harakat Khilafat Baluch, a key component group operating within the framework of ISIS–K, emerged as a significant player in the evolving landscape of militant activities in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region. Established on July 13, 2015, through the merger of Iranian Baluchi factions, including Harakat-e Ansar-e Iran, Jaysh ul Adl, and elements from Jundullah, the group swiftly became a focal point for Sunni militants. Led by prominent figures like Abu Hafs al Baluchi and Muhammad Hassan Baluch, the organization claimed an initial membership of 245, comprising primarily Iranian Baluchis, alongside Afghan and Pakistani counterparts.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "Harakat Khilafat Baluch played a crucial role in ISIS–K's strategy, aiming to intensify insurgency within Iran's borders. The group's collaboration with ISIS–K signaled a dynamic interplay of regional geopolitical factors, diverse funding streams, and nuanced ideological motivations. Despite its initial numerical modesty, the group's impact extended beyond its claimed membership, influencing the broader Sunni landscape and contributing to ISIS–K's broader goal of establishing a foothold in border regions.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "Jaysh ul Islam, a significant component group aligned with ISIS–K, joined the militant landscape in November 2015, bringing a considerable force of nearly 700 members, with a notable presence in Pakistani Baluchistan. Led by figures like Mehmud Rahman and later Maulana Mohammad Tahir Baluch, the group demonstrated an ideological affinity with ISIS, particularly in its targeting of Shi’a communities. The group's focus on Baluchistan and its diverse ethnic composition underscored ISIS–K's strategic commitment to the region as a gateway into Iran.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "Jaysh ul Islam's funding sources, which included ISIS-Central, Qatar, and Saudi Arabian private donors, reflected the complex web of financial support sustaining militant activities. The group's merger with ISIS–K exemplified the broader dynamics of regional alliances, emphasizing the organization's alignment with ISIS's extremist ideology and its role in furthering the overarching goals of ISIS–K in the Afghanistan-Pakistan borderlands.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "Mullah Bakhtwar's group, a faction led by the former Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) commander from the Afridi tribe, emerged on the militant scene in early 2016 and later joined forces with ISIS–K. With a claimed membership of 400 individuals, the group comprised Pakistanis, freshly recruited Afghans, and Central Asians from various extremist groups. Mullah Bakhtwar maintained close ties with the TTP and the Tehreek-i-Khilafat Pakistan (TKP), displaying a nuanced relationship with both the Taliban and ISIS–K. The group's opposition to fighting the Taliban and its multiethnic composition reflected the intricate alliances and rivalries within the broader jihadist landscape.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "In the backdrop of Bakhtwar's reported support from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, the group's integration into ISIS–K added another layer to the complex geopolitical dynamics shaping militant activities in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region. Bakhtwar's life was cut short in an airstrike in Nangarhar in the autumn of 2016, leading to the absorption of his group into the TKP, marking the conclusion of its brief existence as a distinct entity.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "The Shamsatoo group was a notable faction that, unlike other recognized component groups, didn't attain official recognition from ISIS–K but played a significant role in the region's jihadist dynamics. Comprising reportedly 400 members, this group originated from Hizb-i Islami, a longstanding Afghan political and military organization. Led by Commander Mustafa, the group, stationed in Shamsatoo Camp in Pakistan, joined ISIS–K in 2015. The decision to not formally acknowledge them as a component group possibly stemmed from ISIS–K's wariness of potential allegiance conflicts and concerns about the group becoming a Trojan horse for Hizb-i Islami's leadership.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "The dynamics of this integration involved a unique agreement where the Shamsatoo recruits received senior positions and facilities akin to other ISIS–K members but were distributed among various recognized component groups. This arrangement suggested a level of caution on the part of ISIS–K, aiming to exert control over the recruits while avoiding the concentration of power within a specific faction. Some members of the Shamsatoo group reportedly left in protest against the agreement, reflecting internal tensions. The group's presence echoed the broader trend of ISIS–K negotiating with individual Hizb-i Islami commanders, highlighting the complex interplay of ideological, political, and pragmatic motivations. Factors such as Hizb-i Islami's financial struggles and the desire to counter Iran might have influenced their alignment with ISIS–K.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "ISIS–K's strategy extended beyond traditional military recruitment, delving into the complex terrain of radical student groups. In 2016, it was reported that the organization allocated a substantial $5 million USD (450 million Pakistani Rupees) to influence such groups in Pakistan. Notably, ISIS–K gained traction among students, particularly within Karachi University and beyond, fostering a network that extended into the realm of education. One group, the 'Islamic Students' Movement of Pakistan,' claimed affiliation with ISIS, asserting connections through propagating leaflets and study groups. Although not confirmed by ISIS–K, this group's activities hinted at the organization's efforts to appeal not only to religious zealots but also to a broader demographic, including what they described as 'modern girls, modern boys.'",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "The university landscape became a battleground of ideologies, with reports emerging of a lecturer at Karachi University arrested in March 2016 under suspicion of attempting to establish an ISIS cell. This incident highlighted the potential infiltration of educational institutions by radical elements. The influence of ISIS–K extended to various student groups, with a notable example being the 'Saut-ul Ummah,' a splinter group of Hizb-ut Tahrir operating in Lahore. Although declaring allegiance to ISIS, this group remained distinct from ISIS–K's formal structure. The complex interplay between militant groups and students revealed a nuanced relationship, with some urban cells seemingly maintaining direct connections with Mosul rather than ISIS–K. The phenomenon reflected the broader trend of militants, previously affiliated with groups like the TTP, gravitating towards ISIS in response to the crackdown on TTP in urban areas.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "Furthermore, the students of Jamia Hafsa, a radical madrasa affiliated with the Lal Masjid, openly declared support for ISIS–K. In response, arrests were made of female students engaged in recruiting for the organization. These instances underscored the ideological battle within educational institutions and the potential for such environments to serve as breeding grounds for radicalization. It also suggested that, if effectively linked to ISIS, these urban cells maintained direct relations with the central ISIS leadership in Mosul rather than ISIS–K in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region. The multifaceted engagement with student groups showcased ISIS–K's adaptability and its pursuit of influence beyond traditional military avenues, utilizing educational institutions as arenas for ideological propagation and recruitment. The organization's ability to penetrate academic spaces revealed the intricate challenges faced by authorities in curbing extremist ideologies and activities within educational settings.",
"title": "Organizational expansion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "Following ISIS–K's official establishment in 2015, a number of regional Sunni jihadist groups that did not wish to fully merge with ISIS–K elected to form alliances with the Islamic State's new regional affiliate. Most of these group's ultimate aims rest outside of the conflict in Afghanistan and sought ISIS–K as a partner that both shared a hatred for the governments of Afghanistan's neighboring states and often Shia Muslims. These included Pakistani jihadist groups, Baluchi jihadist groups in Iran and Pakistan, and a variety of Central Asian jihadist groups. A common motivation to ally with ISIS–K among these Central Asian groups was that ISIS–K promised a more immediate focus on Central Asian states, whereas al-Qaeda, an otherwise long-term partner for these jihadists, became so focused on the war against NATO and Afghan government forces that it perpetually put off any serious plans to expand jihadist presence or operations in Central Asia.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: Ўзбекистон исломий ҳаракати, romanized: Oʻzbekiston Islomiy Harakati, IMU) was a militant Islamist group formed in 1998 by Islamic ideologue Tahir Yuldashev and former Soviet paratrooper Juma Namangani; both ethnic Uzbeks from the Fergana Valley. Its original objective was to overthrow President Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan and create an Islamic state under Sharia; however, in subsequent years, it reinvented itself as an ally of Al-Qaeda. The group also maintained relations with Afghan Taliban in 1990s. However, later on, relations between the Afghan Taliban and the IMU started declining. The IMU suffered heavy casualties in 2001–2002 during the American-led invasion of Afghanistan. Namangani was killed, while Yuldeshev and many of the IMU's remaining fighters escaped with remnants of the Taliban to Waziristan, in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. The IMU then focused on fighting the Pakistan Forces in the Tribal Areas, and NATO and Afghan forces in northern Afghanistan.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "The IMU forged a very close relationship with ISIS–K and the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, much the product of fighting alongside ISIS in Iraq and Syria. Managing to keep receiving support from al-Qaeda, in mid-2014, the IMU became vocal in its support for ISIS, especially as its leaders grew tired of the faltering reliability of the Taliban's Quetta Shura and with open doubts regarding the disappearance of Taliban leader and founder Mullah Muhammad Omar who had gone into hiding. His status would be unknown until late-July 2015 when Taliban would reveal that he had died in Pakistan two years earlier in 2013.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "We are tired of the Taliban, we have worked with them for thirteen years and not seen Mullah Mohammad Omar. Not only was the leader nowhere to be seen, but the Peshawar Shura was giving the orders, and the Quetta Shura and Miran Shah Shura too were giving orders... Another reason is that the Taliban became weak and started negotiations with the Afghan Government and foreign forces.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "In August 2015, IMU emir Osman Ghazi joined his colleague Omar Ghazi in a video published widely online, that the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan was officially part of ISIS–K's caliphate. Although the announcement was pleased by ISIS–K and ISIS-Core, a minority group of IMU fighters opted to maintain their allegiance to al-Qaeda. The alliance with ISIS–K was not permanent. The killing of IMU leader Osman Ghazi by the Taliban in November 2015 (possibly with help from Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) and the Islamic State's continuous series of losses in Iraq and Syria to Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR), compounded existing sympathies to the Taliban (with whom the IMU had been allied for over a decade and against whom ISIS–K perpetrated a number of bloody attacks). By February 2017, the IMU had fractured into two separated, pro-al-Qaeda groups, Omar Ghazi's pro-ISIS–K group, and Jamaat al-Bukhari, a group that had left in 2013 to remain allied with al-Qaeda. On 31 October 2017, Sayfullo Saipov, a terrorist with unclear connections to the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, drove a pickup truck down a crowded bike path in Manhattan, New York City, killing 8 and injuring 11 before being shot by a police officer. The incident was described by officials as \"the deadliest attack on New York City since September 11th, 2001.\"",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "Beyond the IMU, between 2013 and 2016, ISIS–K established close relationships with a number of Central Asian jihadist groups including the Islamic Movement of Turkmenistan, Uyghur East Turkestan Islamic Party, Jamaat Ansarullah, Harakat Islami Tajikistan, and the Islamic Jihad Renaissance Party of Tajikistan.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "The Islamic Movement of Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Türkmenistan Ýslam Harakatı, IMT) is a subgroup within the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), not based in Turkmenistan (as its name suggests), but aims to bring Islamic jihadism into Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan's southwestern neighbor. IMT was regarded within IMU's pro-ISIS–K group led by Omar Ghazi to be likely to eventually merge with ISIS–K instead of the Taliban. IMT fighters, from their role in the IMU, gained jihadist experience fighting with the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. The current state of IMT–ISIS–K relations is not well known, however the two experienced a notable drift in 2016 when many elements of the IMT and IMU eased allegiance back to al-Qaeda.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "The East Turkistan Islamic Party (Uyghur: تۈركىستان ئىسلام پارتىيىسى, romanized: Türkistan Islam Partiyisi; Chinese: 突厥斯坦伊斯兰党; pinyin: Tūjuésītǎn Yīsīlán Dǎng, ETIM) is a Uyghur Islamic extremist organization, not connected to the East Turkistan Independence Movement (ETIM) secessionist movement, that aims to establish an Islamic state, and eventually caliphate, in the historic region of East Turkistan in China's Xinjiang Province. ETIP, also a close ally of the IMU, maintains close links with ISIS–K who has lobbied ETIP to merge with it and continues to pay ETIP to send fighters to the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria — a branch of ETIP that fights alongside Chechen and Uzbek fighters in Syria's civil war since 2015.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "Jamaat Ansarullah (Tajik: Ҷамоати Ансоруллоҳ, Persian: جماعت انصارالله, 'Society of the Partisans of God'), also known as the Tajikistani Taliban (Tajik: Толибони Тоҷикистон, Persian: طالبان تاجیکستان, 'Tehrik-i-Taliban Tajikistan'), is a Tajik Islamist militant movement based out of Afghanistan's Badakhshan Province that aims to enforce strict, fundamentalist Deobandi Islamic law in Tajikistan and establishing an Islamic government similar to the Afghan Taliban's post-2021 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Like other Central Asian groups, Jamaat Ansarullah established a relationship with the Islamic State while deploying fighters to the Syrian civil war. The group, formerly loyal to al-Qaeda, agreed to ally with ISIS–K in 2014 and 2015. The group, which still sends volunteers to Syria, receives 50% of funding from ISIS, 30% from the IMU, and 20% from al-Qaeda. Unlike other Central Asian jihadist groups to ally with ISIS–K, Jamaat Ansarullah appears to value its relationship with the Afghan Taliban over its alliance with ISIS–K (though both more valued than al-Qaeda), likely the result of Jamaat Ansarullah's vision to establish a state modeled off the Afghan Taliban's Islamic Emirate from 1996 to 2001 and 2021 onward. It is unclear if the organization completed its planned 2017 merger with ISIS–K.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "Little is known of Harakat Islami Tajikistan, a small Central Asian Islamic jihadist group, except that it agreed to merge with ISIS–K in 2017. It is unclear whether or not that merge occurred.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "The Islamic Jihad Renaissance Party of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҳизби наҳзати исломии ҷиходии Тоҷикистон, romanized: Hizbi Nahzati Islomii Jihadii Tojikiston, IJRPT) is a splinter group of the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҳизби наҳзати исломии Тоҷикистон, romanized: Hizbi nahzati islomii Tojikiston, IRPT), a former Islamist political party in Tajikistan which was banned from government in August 2015. Once the only legal Islamist political party in Central Asia, IRPT was declared a terrorist organization by the country's supreme court and banned from politics. One of the earliest, IJRPT began establishing relationships with the elements that would become ISIS–K in 2013 with its foreign fighters serving alongside ISIS–K's in the Syrian civil war. By 2016, IJRPT had abandoned al-Qaeda to form an alliance with the IMU and ISIS–K. IJRPT received funds from private donors in Saudi Arabia, the IMU, and ISIS–K, with ISIS–K nearly doubling that of the IMU, giving the former far greater control over IJRPT's leaders and decision making. IJRPT had plans to merge completely with ISIS–K in 2017, though it is unclear if those plans came to fruition.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "Our fighters are also with Daesh. So they also want us to join with them. In reality, we have already joined with Daesh and we do many things that are decided by Daesh. What Daesh says, we do.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "Hezb-e Islami ('Party of Islam') Gulbuddin (HIG) is an Afghan political and military organization founded by warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar that fought against the Soviets in Afghanistan and later, (with Pakistani ISI backing), fought against other warlord factions and mercilessly bombed Kabul in a struggle to seize the capital and rule Afghanistan. HIG's brutal attacks on Kabul and dwindling popular support led Pakistani intelligence to abandon the group and instead support the Afghan Taliban. In the early 1990s, the Taliban seized Kandahar, Herat, and, in 1996, seized Kabul and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, formally expelling HIG from the country while most of its members defected to the Afghan Taliban and later al-Qaeda. After the U.S. invasion in 2001, HIG declared an alliance with al-Qaeda fighting against NATO and Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), including a number of bombings and massacres across Afghanistan. In September 2016, the group signed a peace deal with the Karzai government in Kabul in exchange for formal recognition of the group and a removal of United States and United Nations sanctions against Hekmatyar. Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (HIG) pursued a unique vision for Afghanistan that stood in contrast to the Afghan Taliban's strong emphasis on tribal governance. While the Taliban aimed for a Pashtun government based on tribal structures, HIG sought to establish a post-tribal unified Islamic state. This distinction underscored HIG's vision for a governance model that transcended traditional tribal structures in favor of a more unified Islamic framework.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "From 2015 to mid 2016, ISIS–K and Hezb-e Islami formed ties with ISIS–K over shared anti-Taliban and strong anti-Iran attitudes. Despite aligning with al-Qaeda, HIG continued to resent the Taliban for sidelining the group in the 1990s, clashes between the two during the war against NATO and the ANSF, and over their different designs for the nation. HIG's anti-Iranian attitudes stemmed from conflicts against the Iranian-backed Shia Hazara faction Hezb-e Wahdat in the Afghan civil war of the 1990s. Sources vary on the strength of ties between the two groups which were very likely fluid throughout the war. At one point, in early July 2015, Afghand and later international media groups began publishing a supposed statement released by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar urging his fighters to support ISIS–K against the Taliban. Days later, a HIG spokesman denied that such a statement had been issued and that the movement did not support ISIS–K. It did become clear that, over time, the ruthlessness of ISIS–K's attacks and the closure of schools in Nangarhar prompted HIG to distance itself from ISIS–K, a separation that would become permanent in 2016 as HIG entered reconciliation discussions with Karzai and eventually signed a peace deal in September of that year.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "The Balochistan region, stretching through southeastern Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province), southern Afghanistan (lower third of Nimruz, Helmand, and Kandahar Provinces), and southwestern Pakistan (Balochistan Province), continues to host a number of violent Baluch separatist groups who violently oppose the presence of the Iranian and Pakistani governments within the region, as well as Shia Muslims whom it views as connected to Iran. Among these groups are Harakat-e Islami Sistan ('Islamic Movement of Sistan') in Iran, Iranian Jundullah ('Soldiers of God'), and Pakistani Jundullah, each of whom established an alliance with ISIS–K. Little is known about Harakat-e Islami Sistan. The Pakistani Jundullah, who shares ISIS's extreme hatred for Shia Muslims and history of brutal attacks on Pakistani Shia, described the larger Islamic State as \"a brother.\" Throughout 2015 and 2016, ISIS–K worked to arrange a merger between both the Iranian and Pakistani Jundullah, succeeding in August 2016 with Mohammad Dhahir Baluch, formerly leader of the Iranian Jundullah, as head of the unified organization. This ISIS–K-sponsored merger aided the radical Sunni extremists to challenge Iran in the region and garner appreciation from its primarily Gulf-based anti-Iran, anti-Shia sponsors.",
"title": "New alliances"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "IS began actively recruiting defectors from the Taliban who were disgruntled with their leaders or lack of battlefield success. This prompted senior Taliban leader Akhtar Mansour to write a letter addressed to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, asking for the recruitment in Afghanistan to stop and arguing that the war in Afghanistan should be under the Taliban leadership. Nevertheless, fighting between the two groups broke out in Nangarhar Province and by June 2015 IS had been able to seize territory in Afghanistan for the first time. After driving the Taliban out of certain districts of Nangarhar after months of clashes, the group started carrying out its first attacks against Afghan forces in the province. Khorasan Province also developed a presence in other provinces including Helmand and Farah. In 2015, IS began broadcasting Pashto language radio in Nangarhar Province, later on adding content in Dari.",
"title": "Beginning of operations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "In 2016, the group lost control of the majority of its territory in Nangarhar province. It was driven out of Achin and Shinwar Districts following a military operation by Afghan Security Forces while clashes with the Taliban led to it being driven out of Batikot and Chaparhar districts. Following the loosening of targeting restrictions by U.S. forces in Afghanistan earlier in the year, the U.S. Air Force began conducting scores of air strikes against IS targets. In April 2016, the Taliban reported that a number of senior and mid-level leaders of Wilayah Khorasan in Nangarhar Province had defected from IS and pledged allegiance to Taliban leader Akhtar Mansour. The defectors included members of the group's central council, judicial council and prisoners council as well as certain field commanders and fighters.",
"title": "Beginning of operations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "A stronghold in eastern Afghanistan also collapsed as a result of concerted military offensives from United States, Afghan forces and Taliban. On 25 December 2017, in a video of a Kashmiri militant declaring allegiance to the Islamic State and declaring an ISIS–K Province in Kashmir, the fighter called on Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind to ally with or give allegiance to IS and wage jihad in Kashmir against the Indian government but the group declined.",
"title": "Beginning of operations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "The intricate web of alliances, conflicts, and negotiations in the volatile landscape of Afghanistan is central to understanding the dynamics between ISIS–K, the Taliban, the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), and Al-Qaeda. ISIS–K navigated a complex terrain of shifting allegiances and rivalries with these prominent jihadist groups revealing a complex tapestry of jihadist networks in the region, shaped by ideological, strategic, and geopolitical considerations.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "ISIS–K's approach to the Taliban was marked by a delicate dance between cooperation and confrontation. Initially seeking a non-belligerence accord, ISIS–K aimed to establish itself firmly in Afghanistan while projecting an image of neighborly coexistence with the Taliban. However, as clashes erupted, the prospect of a lasting ceasefire faded, leading to an all-out clash. The relationship between ISIS–K and the Taliban was further complicated by external influences, with Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Iran playing roles in mediating or exacerbating tensions.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "In contrast, the relationship between ISIS–K and the TTP, initially marked by ideological alignment, witnessed a deterioration over time. While early overtures were made, clashes and rivalries emerged, with both groups vying for influence in the region. The TTP's expulsion of commanders sympathetic to ISIS–K signaled a shift in dynamics, and talks between their leaders ended abruptly.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"text": "Similarly, ISIS–K's interactions with Al-Qaeda evolved from friendly overtures to heightened tensions. Initially describing their relations as friendly, ISIS–K and Al-Qaeda found themselves at odds, reflecting broader challenges within the jihadist landscape. The declaration of the caliphate by ISIS and its divergence from Al-Qaeda's leadership marked a turning point. Although attempts were made to maintain a ceasefire in certain regions, it eventually collapsed, leading to heightened hostilities.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"text": "Historically, the relationship between ISIS–K and the Taliban in Afghanistan has been characterized by a delicate balance of alliances and conflicts. ISIS–K initially sought a mutual non-belligerence accord with the Taliban, proposing a territorial partition that would allow both groups to operate independently. However, this seemingly cooperative approach masked ISIS–K's longer-term goal of replacing the Taliban entirely.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"text": "As clashes erupted, particularly in regions like Achin and Shinwar districts, the Taliban shifted focus to targeting ISIS–K, leading to a large-scale conflict. External influences, including pressure from Saudi Arabia and Qatar, initially deterred the Taliban from engaging in direct confrontation with ISIS–K. However, these dynamics changed as relations between the Taliban leadership, especially Akhtar Mansur, and external supporters deteriorated, leading to a more adversarial stance against ISIS–K.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"text": "Notably, within the Taliban ranks, there were divergent views on ISIS–K. While some figures advocated accommodation and cooperation, others vehemently opposed any alignment with the rival group. This internal rift was evident in the Quetta Shura's behavior, where some members maintained links with ISIS–K despite the overall antagonistic stance.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"text": "In specific regions like northern Afghanistan, ISIS–K forces, such as Shamali Khilafat and Omar Ghazi group, initially supported Taliban operations in Badakhshan, Takhar, and Kunduz. However, internal disagreements within ISIS–K leadership led to a ban on joint operations with the Taliban. Despite these complexities, negotiations and occasional ceasefires were attempted, reflecting the fluid nature of the relationship.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"text": "By mid-2016, ISIS–K adopted a new approach, expressing willingness to coexist with the Taliban as long as they refrained from direct operations against each other. This led to a ceasefire agreement in Nangarhar, where both groups redirected their efforts toward the Afghan government. However, hostilities continued in other regions, underscoring the fragile nature of the relationship.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"text": "The relationship between ISIS–K and the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP, also known as the Pakistani Taliban) has been marked by fluctuating alliances and underlying rivalries. Initially, the TTP faced internal divisions regarding allegiance to ISIS–K, with some members expressing support for the newly proclaimed Caliphate. However, tensions escalated by 2015, leading to a deterioration in relations.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"text": "ISIS–K's negative assessment of the TTP highlighted ideological differences and perceived corruption within the Pakistani Taliban. The TTP, once a bastion of sincere jihadists, was seen as deviating from its original mission after the proclamation of the Caliphate. The rivalry intensified, with sporadic clashes and struggles over influence in various regions.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"text": "Despite occasional non-belligerence agreements, particularly in the Afghanistan-Pakistan border areas, deep-rooted hostilities persisted. The TTP expelled members advocating for ISIS–K, and local skirmishes underscored the challenges of implementing cooperation.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"text": "The complex tribal dynamics further fueled the rivalry, with TTP attracting commanders from specific tribes while ISIS–K drew support from others. Tribal affiliations played a crucial role in shaping the contours of this conflict, complicating efforts to establish a unified jihadist front against common adversaries.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"text": "The ceasefires brokered between the two groups in Afghanistan faced challenges in implementation, with local dynamics often undermining broader agreements. In some instances, local commanders maintained relations with ISIS–K, while in others, the TTP vehemently opposed the growing influence of the rival group.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"text": "The relationship between ISIS–K and al-Qaeda has been characterized by complexity, evolving from initially friendly terms to heightened rivalry and strategic challenges. In the early stages of ISIS–K's emergence, al-Qaeda sought to maintain good relations, recognizing the potential for delegitimization if portrayed as fighting another jihadist organization.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"text": "While ISIS–K initially described its relations with al-Qaeda as friendly, differences in strategic focus and targeting became apparent. ISIS–K aimed at a broader spectrum, targeting not only Americans and British but also NATO, the Afghan government, and groups deemed against Sunni interests. This divergence in targeting and the self-proclamation of a Caliphate strained the relationship between the two jihadist entities.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"text": "The leader of al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Faruq al Qahtani, initially cooperated with ISIS–K, even training Afghan and Pakistani volunteers destined for IS-Central in Syria. However, this cooperation waned, leading to the defection of some al-Qaeda members to the rival group. By 2015, relations had markedly worsened, and ISIS–K's negative assessment of al-Qaeda's role in the region deepened.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"text": "In Kunar, a ceasefire was reached in the summer of 2016 between ISIS–K and al-Qaeda, accompanied by a non-interference agreement with the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). This accord, however, was short-lived, collapsing in early 2017. The breakdown of the ceasefire marked a turning point, with ISIS–K demanding al-Qaeda's alliance or evacuation from Kunar.",
"title": "Major relations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"text": "The strategic challenges between the two groups intensified following the killing of al-Qahtani in a U.S. drone strike in November 2016. This event, coupled with ISIS–K's push to dominate areas in Kunar, exacerbated tensions and led to al-Qaeda relocating its forces in response to the aggressive moves by the rival group.",
"title": "Major relations"
}
] |
The Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISIS–K) is a regional branch of the Islamic State terrorist group active in South-Central Asia, primarily Afghanistan. ISIS–K seeks to destabilize and overthrow existing governments of the historic Khorasan region in order to establish an Islamic caliphate under its strict, fundamentalist Islamist rule.
|
2023-12-17T00:45:06Z
|
2023-12-20T06:47:12Z
|
[
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province
|
75,581,990 |
A Game with Love
|
A Game with Love (Hungarian: Játék a szerelemmel) is a 1959 Hungarian romantic comedy film directed by Imre Apáthi and starring László Mensáros, Irén Psota and Ferenc Kiss. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ferenc Ruttka.
In the eyes of the Gods of Olympus love on earth is in a desperate state. To prove his worth, Cupid is sent to restore the marriage of a quarrelling couple.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "A Game with Love (Hungarian: Játék a szerelemmel) is a 1959 Hungarian romantic comedy film directed by Imre Apáthi and starring László Mensáros, Irén Psota and Ferenc Kiss. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ferenc Ruttka.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In the eyes of the Gods of Olympus love on earth is in a desperate state. To prove his worth, Cupid is sent to restore the marriage of a quarrelling couple.",
"title": "Synopsis"
}
] |
A Game with Love is a 1959 Hungarian romantic comedy film directed by Imre Apáthi and starring László Mensáros, Irén Psota and Ferenc Kiss. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Ferenc Ruttka.
|
2023-12-17T00:46:20Z
|
2023-12-26T01:08:52Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Hungary-film-stub",
"Template:Short description"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Game_with_Love
|
75,581,997 |
Alastair John Naisbitt King
|
Alderman Alastair John Naisbitt King DL (born November 1968) is a British businessman in asset management who chairs Naisbitt King Asset Management Ltd, and served as the Aldermanic Sheriff of London for 2022/23. He is the Deputy Lieutenant for Greater London.
King studied law at University of Kent and has an Master of Science in Finance from London Business School. He practised as a solicitor at Baker McKenzie in the City and in Asia. King later held senior positions at SPARK Ventures (formally NewMedia SPARK PLC), and was managing director at Galahad Capital Plc. He was CEO of Eredene Capital Plc from 2005 to 2013 and Chairman of Glendevon King Asset Management from 2005 to 2016.
King is the founder and Chairman of Naisbitt King Asset Management Limited, an FCA-authorised asset management company, specialising in managing segregated portfolios of investment grade fixed income securities. He founded Naisbitt King in January 2016.
He has been Chair of Common Earth, an environmental foundation, since January 2019.
King was elected to the Court of Common Council as a Common Councillor of the Ward of Queenhithe in 1999 and was then elected Alderman for the Ward of Queenhithe in 2016. He served as one of the two Sheriff of London for 2022/23. He has been recommended by the Court of Aldermen to become the 696th Lord Mayor of London (subject to election) in November 2024.
He is Master of the Worshipful Company of Masons for the year 2023/24. King is Senior Warden of the Company of Entrepreneurs and Third Warden of the Worshipful Company of Blacksmiths.
He is Vice Chairman of Breast Cancer Haven and Chairman of The British Liver Trust. King is a Trustee of the Lord Mayor's Appeal.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Alderman Alastair John Naisbitt King DL (born November 1968) is a British businessman in asset management who chairs Naisbitt King Asset Management Ltd, and served as the Aldermanic Sheriff of London for 2022/23. He is the Deputy Lieutenant for Greater London.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "King studied law at University of Kent and has an Master of Science in Finance from London Business School. He practised as a solicitor at Baker McKenzie in the City and in Asia. King later held senior positions at SPARK Ventures (formally NewMedia SPARK PLC), and was managing director at Galahad Capital Plc. He was CEO of Eredene Capital Plc from 2005 to 2013 and Chairman of Glendevon King Asset Management from 2005 to 2016.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "King is the founder and Chairman of Naisbitt King Asset Management Limited, an FCA-authorised asset management company, specialising in managing segregated portfolios of investment grade fixed income securities. He founded Naisbitt King in January 2016.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "He has been Chair of Common Earth, an environmental foundation, since January 2019.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "King was elected to the Court of Common Council as a Common Councillor of the Ward of Queenhithe in 1999 and was then elected Alderman for the Ward of Queenhithe in 2016. He served as one of the two Sheriff of London for 2022/23. He has been recommended by the Court of Aldermen to become the 696th Lord Mayor of London (subject to election) in November 2024.",
"title": "City of London"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "He is Master of the Worshipful Company of Masons for the year 2023/24. King is Senior Warden of the Company of Entrepreneurs and Third Warden of the Worshipful Company of Blacksmiths.",
"title": "City of London"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "He is Vice Chairman of Breast Cancer Haven and Chairman of The British Liver Trust. King is a Trustee of the Lord Mayor's Appeal.",
"title": "Charity"
}
] |
Alderman Alastair John Naisbitt King is a British businessman in asset management who chairs
Naisbitt King Asset Management Ltd, and served as the Aldermanic Sheriff of London for 2022/23. He is the Deputy Lieutenant for Greater London.
|
2023-12-17T00:48:48Z
|
2023-12-30T16:00:00Z
|
[
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"Template:Post-nominals"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastair_John_Naisbitt_King
|
75,582,006 |
Paul Cornish
|
Paul William Cornish (born 17 January 1965) is an Australian former rugby union international.
A native of Canberra, Cornish attended Hawker College and played for the Canberra Royals.
Cornish, an ACT representative since 1985, gained his first Wallabies call up for the 1988 tour of Europe, but injuries limited his opportunities and he had to wait two years for his first Test cap.
Capped three times in 1990, Cornish was a starting centre in two home Tests against France, replacing an injured Tim Horan, then toured New Zealand and faced the All Blacks in Christchurch. He suffered a near career ending neck injury in 1991, but returned to ACT colours and also had a stint playing rugby in Japan.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Paul William Cornish (born 17 January 1965) is an Australian former rugby union international.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "A native of Canberra, Cornish attended Hawker College and played for the Canberra Royals.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Cornish, an ACT representative since 1985, gained his first Wallabies call up for the 1988 tour of Europe, but injuries limited his opportunities and he had to wait two years for his first Test cap.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Capped three times in 1990, Cornish was a starting centre in two home Tests against France, replacing an injured Tim Horan, then toured New Zealand and faced the All Blacks in Christchurch. He suffered a near career ending neck injury in 1991, but returned to ACT colours and also had a stint playing rugby in Japan.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Paul William Cornish is an Australian former rugby union international. A native of Canberra, Cornish attended Hawker College and played for the Canberra Royals. Cornish, an ACT representative since 1985, gained his first Wallabies call up for the 1988 tour of Europe, but injuries limited his opportunities and he had to wait two years for his first Test cap. Capped three times in 1990, Cornish was a starting centre in two home Tests against France, replacing an injured Tim Horan, then toured New Zealand and faced the All Blacks in Christchurch. He suffered a near career ending neck injury in 1991, but returned to ACT colours and also had a stint playing rugby in Japan.
|
2023-12-17T00:53:35Z
|
2023-12-17T05:56:55Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox rugby biography",
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"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:ESPNscrum"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Cornish
|
75,582,016 |
Jon Minnis
|
Jon Minnis is a Canadian animator. He is most noted for his 1984 short film Charade, which was the winner of the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 57th Academy Awards, and the Genie Award for Best Theatrical Short Film at the 6th Genie Awards.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jon Minnis is a Canadian animator. He is most noted for his 1984 short film Charade, which was the winner of the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 57th Academy Awards, and the Genie Award for Best Theatrical Short Film at the 6th Genie Awards.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Jon Minnis is a Canadian animator. He is most noted for his 1984 short film Charade, which was the winner of the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 57th Academy Awards, and the Genie Award for Best Theatrical Short Film at the 6th Genie Awards.
|
2023-12-17T00:55:16Z
|
2023-12-17T01:12:18Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Imdb name",
"Template:Canada-artist-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Minnis
|
75,582,031 |
Lehi bombing of Haifa police station
|
On January 12, 1947, the Stern Gang (also known as Lehi), a Zionist paramilitary group, bombed the British police station in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine with a truck laden with explosives. It has been described as the first car bombing in history. The attack killed 4 and injured 142, and it ended a truce in Mandatory Palestine.
The attack occurred in the context of the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "On January 12, 1947, the Stern Gang (also known as Lehi), a Zionist paramilitary group, bombed the British police station in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine with a truck laden with explosives. It has been described as the first car bombing in history. The attack killed 4 and injured 142, and it ended a truce in Mandatory Palestine.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The attack occurred in the context of the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine.",
"title": "History"
}
] |
On January 12, 1947, the Stern Gang, a Zionist paramilitary group, bombed the British police station in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine with a truck laden with explosives. It has been described as the first car bombing in history. The attack killed 4 and injured 142, and it ended a truce in Mandatory Palestine.
|
2023-12-17T01:00:23Z
|
2023-12-28T06:40:00Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox civilian attack",
"Template:Rp",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Citation"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehi_bombing_of_Haifa_police_station
|
75,582,034 |
Bombing of Haifa
|
On January 12, 1947, the Stern Gang (also known as Lehi), a Zionist paramilitary group, bombed the British police station in Haifa with a truck laden with explosives. It has been described as the first car bombing in history. The attack killed 4 and injured 142, and it ended a truce in Mandatory Palestine.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "On January 12, 1947, the Stern Gang (also known as Lehi), a Zionist paramilitary group, bombed the British police station in Haifa with a truck laden with explosives. It has been described as the first car bombing in history. The attack killed 4 and injured 142, and it ended a truce in Mandatory Palestine.",
"title": ""
}
] |
On January 12, 1947, the Stern Gang, a Zionist paramilitary group, bombed the British police station in Haifa with a truck laden with explosives. It has been described as the first car bombing in history. The attack killed 4 and injured 142, and it ended a truce in Mandatory Palestine.
|
2023-12-17T01:01:07Z
|
2023-12-17T02:47:23Z
|
[
"Template:Rp",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Citation"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Haifa
|
75,582,039 |
Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 1500 metres T11
|
The men's T11 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 24 - 25 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The fastest two athletes of each semifinal advance to the final. The results were as follows:
The results were as follows:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T11 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 24 - 25 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The fastest two athletes of each semifinal advance to the final. The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] |
The men's T11 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 24 - 25 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
|
2023-12-17T01:01:50Z
|
2023-12-29T23:01:48Z
|
[
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_1500_metres_T11
|
75,582,048 |
Fuad Noman
|
Fuad Jorge Noman Filho (born 30 June 1947) is a Brazilian writer, economist, and politician who is the current mayor of the city of Belo Horizonte, having taken office since 2022. He came into office after the resignation of former mayor Alexandre Kalil, to whom he had been the vice-mayor of from 2021 to 2022. He is currently affiliated with the Social Democratic Party (PSD).
Noman was born in 1947, and is of Syrian background. He graduated from Centro Universitário de Brasília with a degree in economic sciences, with a specialization in economic programming and budgetary execution. He also received an honorary doctorate from the State University of Montes Claros. He is married to Monica Drumond and has two sons, Paulo and Gustavo, with 4 grandchildren. He has also published two romance novels. He is an advisor to and benefactor of Clube Atlético Mineiro.
He started his career in government working for the Central Bank of Brazil. He became executive-secretary to the Chief of Staff's office during the presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, as well as consultancy with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). He later became first the Agriculture secretary of the state of Minas Gerais, later becoming the Transport and Works secretary, both under the administrations of Aécio Neves and Antonio Anastasia. He later was the president of the state-owned gas company Gasmig, as well as the Extraordinary State Minister for the Coordination of Investments.
In 2017, Noman became the agriculture secretary of the city of Belo Horizonte with Kalil as mayor. He was later elected vice-mayor in 2020 in the first round, succeeding Paulo Lamac [pt]. After Kalil resigned in 2022 to run for governor, Noman became mayor.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Fuad Jorge Noman Filho (born 30 June 1947) is a Brazilian writer, economist, and politician who is the current mayor of the city of Belo Horizonte, having taken office since 2022. He came into office after the resignation of former mayor Alexandre Kalil, to whom he had been the vice-mayor of from 2021 to 2022. He is currently affiliated with the Social Democratic Party (PSD).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Noman was born in 1947, and is of Syrian background. He graduated from Centro Universitário de Brasília with a degree in economic sciences, with a specialization in economic programming and budgetary execution. He also received an honorary doctorate from the State University of Montes Claros. He is married to Monica Drumond and has two sons, Paulo and Gustavo, with 4 grandchildren. He has also published two romance novels. He is an advisor to and benefactor of Clube Atlético Mineiro.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He started his career in government working for the Central Bank of Brazil. He became executive-secretary to the Chief of Staff's office during the presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, as well as consultancy with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). He later became first the Agriculture secretary of the state of Minas Gerais, later becoming the Transport and Works secretary, both under the administrations of Aécio Neves and Antonio Anastasia. He later was the president of the state-owned gas company Gasmig, as well as the Extraordinary State Minister for the Coordination of Investments.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2017, Noman became the agriculture secretary of the city of Belo Horizonte with Kalil as mayor. He was later elected vice-mayor in 2020 in the first round, succeeding Paulo Lamac [pt]. After Kalil resigned in 2022 to run for governor, Noman became mayor.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] |
Fuad Jorge Noman Filho is a Brazilian writer, economist, and politician who is the current mayor of the city of Belo Horizonte, having taken office since 2022. He came into office after the resignation of former mayor Alexandre Kalil, to whom he had been the vice-mayor of from 2021 to 2022. He is currently affiliated with the Social Democratic Party (PSD).
|
2023-12-17T01:04:24Z
|
2023-12-26T14:49:18Z
|
[
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuad_Noman
|
75,582,062 |
Hôtel du Grand Orient de France
|
Hôtel du Grand Orient de France is a hôtel particulier located at 16 rue Cadet, in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, where the Grand Orient de France was established in 1853. The hotel also houses the Musée de la Franc-Maçonnerie.
Originally belonging to the Grimaldi family, the hotel was occupied notably by the Prince of Monaco in 1700, the Duke of Richelieu in 1725, and Marshal Clauzel in 1830.
Under the leadership of its grand master Prince Murat, the Grand Orient of France acquired the hotel to settle there. The Masonic temple was solemnly inaugurated on June 30, 1853 on the summer solstice.
In 1889, the Musée de la Franc-Maçonnerie was created in the building. Since 2003, it has benefited from the designation “museum of France”, issued by the Ministry of Culture.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Hôtel du Grand Orient de France is a hôtel particulier located at 16 rue Cadet, in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, where the Grand Orient de France was established in 1853. The hotel also houses the Musée de la Franc-Maçonnerie.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Originally belonging to the Grimaldi family, the hotel was occupied notably by the Prince of Monaco in 1700, the Duke of Richelieu in 1725, and Marshal Clauzel in 1830.",
"title": "Historical"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Under the leadership of its grand master Prince Murat, the Grand Orient of France acquired the hotel to settle there. The Masonic temple was solemnly inaugurated on June 30, 1853 on the summer solstice.",
"title": "Historical"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1889, the Musée de la Franc-Maçonnerie was created in the building. Since 2003, it has benefited from the designation “museum of France”, issued by the Ministry of Culture.",
"title": "Historical"
}
] |
Hôtel du Grand Orient de France is a hôtel particulier located at 16 rue Cadet, in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, where the Grand Orient de France was established in 1853. The hotel also houses the Musée de la Franc-Maçonnerie.
|
2023-12-17T01:06:48Z
|
2023-12-17T05:56:24Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
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"Template:Commons category",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox hotel"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_du_Grand_Orient_de_France
|
75,582,075 |
László Mensáros
|
László Mensáros (1926–1993) was a Hungarian film, stage and television actor. After making his film debut in Professor Hannibal (1956), he acted prolifically in films and television with over more than a hundred and fifty appearances on screen.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "László Mensáros (1926–1993) was a Hungarian film, stage and television actor. After making his film debut in Professor Hannibal (1956), he acted prolifically in films and television with over more than a hundred and fifty appearances on screen.",
"title": ""
}
] |
László Mensáros (1926–1993) was a Hungarian film, stage and television actor. After making his film debut in Professor Hannibal (1956), he acted prolifically in films and television with over more than a hundred and fifty appearances on screen.
|
2023-12-17T01:10:51Z
|
2023-12-17T19:00:20Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb name",
"Template:Hungary-bio-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Mens%C3%A1ros
|
75,582,083 |
Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 1500 metres T13
|
The men's T13 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 24 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T13 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 24 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] |
The men's T13 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 24 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
|
2023-12-17T01:12:02Z
|
2023-12-29T23:02:59Z
|
[
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] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_1500_metres_T13
|
75,582,085 |
Bank Independent Stadium
|
Bank Independent Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium that has been approved by the University of North Alabama to be constructed in Florence, Alabama to replace Braly Stadium and Mike D. Lane Field for athletic events by the 2026-2027 academic year.
It is to be built adjacent to Flowers Hall, which houses the UNA basketball and volleyball programs. The stadium will be designed by Davis Architects who previously designed the 2016 renovation of the Stephen C. O'Connell Center and expansions of Bryant-Denny Stadium.
Braly Stadium has served as the home of the North Alabama Lions football team since 1949. Despite its long tenure as host, the main complaint against the stadium was the fact that it was off-campus. In 2018, the university’s SGA created a resolution supporting an on-campus stadium. Following this, the university began exploring the potential of a new stadium. While student input was a key factor in the decision, the university had become aware of the downsides of renting Braly Stadium from the City of Florence. These issues, along with the impending jump to Division I, led the university to begin exploring options. Unofficial designs were unveiled in April of 2019 and fundraising began in 2021. But the stadium was not official until June 2023 when the Board of Trustees unanimously approved the project. It was announced that the stadium would be located at the current Bill Jones Athletic Complex, where both the women’s soccer and baseball programs are housed. It was also announced that these programs would join the football team as tenants at the stadium. With the inclusion of the baseball program, it was announced that Bank Independent Stadium would be a multi-purpose stadium. After the announcement, the stadium entered a 12 to 16 month designing phase with the goal to complete construction by the 2026-27 academic year.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Bank Independent Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium that has been approved by the University of North Alabama to be constructed in Florence, Alabama to replace Braly Stadium and Mike D. Lane Field for athletic events by the 2026-2027 academic year.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It is to be built adjacent to Flowers Hall, which houses the UNA basketball and volleyball programs. The stadium will be designed by Davis Architects who previously designed the 2016 renovation of the Stephen C. O'Connell Center and expansions of Bryant-Denny Stadium.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Braly Stadium has served as the home of the North Alabama Lions football team since 1949. Despite its long tenure as host, the main complaint against the stadium was the fact that it was off-campus. In 2018, the university’s SGA created a resolution supporting an on-campus stadium. Following this, the university began exploring the potential of a new stadium. While student input was a key factor in the decision, the university had become aware of the downsides of renting Braly Stadium from the City of Florence. These issues, along with the impending jump to Division I, led the university to begin exploring options. Unofficial designs were unveiled in April of 2019 and fundraising began in 2021. But the stadium was not official until June 2023 when the Board of Trustees unanimously approved the project. It was announced that the stadium would be located at the current Bill Jones Athletic Complex, where both the women’s soccer and baseball programs are housed. It was also announced that these programs would join the football team as tenants at the stadium. With the inclusion of the baseball program, it was announced that Bank Independent Stadium would be a multi-purpose stadium. After the announcement, the stadium entered a 12 to 16 month designing phase with the goal to complete construction by the 2026-27 academic year.",
"title": "History"
}
] |
Bank Independent Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium that has been approved by the University of North Alabama to be constructed in Florence, Alabama to replace Braly Stadium and Mike D. Lane Field for athletic events by the 2026-2027 academic year. It is to be built adjacent to Flowers Hall, which houses the UNA basketball and volleyball programs. The stadium will be designed by Davis Architects who previously designed the 2016 renovation of the Stephen C. O'Connell Center and expansions of Bryant-Denny Stadium.
|
2023-12-17T01:12:44Z
|
2023-12-23T05:07:09Z
|
[
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"Template:Short description"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Independent_Stadium
|
75,582,087 |
Dean Ward
|
Dean Ward (born 30 June 1963 in Portsmouth, England) is a British bobsledder who competed from 1991 to 2002. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the four-man event (tied with France) at Nagano in 1998. Ward made his first appearance in the media when he was filmed by the BBC 1 for their 1982 documentary, The Paras, which charted the progress of young recruits attempting to become members of the Parachute Regiment on the eve of the Falklands War.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dean Ward (born 30 June 1963 in Portsmouth, England) is a British bobsledder who competed from 1991 to 2002. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the four-man event (tied with France) at Nagano in 1998. Ward made his first appearance in the media when he was filmed by the BBC 1 for their 1982 documentary, The Paras, which charted the progress of young recruits attempting to become members of the Parachute Regiment on the eve of the Falklands War.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Dean Ward is a British bobsledder who competed from 1991 to 2002. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the four-man event at Nagano in 1998. Ward made his first appearance in the media when he was filmed by the BBC 1 for their 1982 documentary, The Paras, which charted the progress of young recruits attempting to become members of the Parachute Regiment on the eve of the Falklands War.
|
2023-12-17T01:13:20Z
|
2023-12-17T01:14:53Z
|
[
"Template:MedalBronze",
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"Template:Dead link",
"Template:UK-bobsleigh-bio-stub",
"Template:Short description"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Ward
|
75,582,096 |
Debora Jille
|
Debora Jille (born 11 September 1999) is a Dutch badminton player.
She won the silver medal at the 2023 European Games with Cheryl Seinen.
Debora started playing badminton when she was almost seven years old. Just like her brothers Stefan and Ruben they first started playing tennis before picking up the sport of their mother, badminton in Amersfoort. She won the Women's Doubles title twice at the Dutch National Badminton Championships in 2022 & 2023 together with partner Cheryl Seinen and she won the Dutch Mixed Doubles title in 2022 with Ties van der Lecq. In the Dutch Eredivisie league Debora is playing for BC Duinwijck. In the German Bundesliga league she played for TV Refrath while in Denmark in the Elite league her club is Vendsyssel Badminton Club.
Women's doubles
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Debora Jille (born 11 September 1999) is a Dutch badminton player.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "She won the silver medal at the 2023 European Games with Cheryl Seinen.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Debora started playing badminton when she was almost seven years old. Just like her brothers Stefan and Ruben they first started playing tennis before picking up the sport of their mother, badminton in Amersfoort. She won the Women's Doubles title twice at the Dutch National Badminton Championships in 2022 & 2023 together with partner Cheryl Seinen and she won the Dutch Mixed Doubles title in 2022 with Ties van der Lecq. In the Dutch Eredivisie league Debora is playing for BC Duinwijck. In the German Bundesliga league she played for TV Refrath while in Denmark in the Elite league her club is Vendsyssel Badminton Club.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Women's doubles",
"title": "Achievements"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Women's doubles",
"title": "Achievements"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Mixed doubles",
"title": "Achievements"
}
] |
Debora Jille is a Dutch badminton player. She won the silver medal at the 2023 European Games with Cheryl Seinen.
|
2023-12-17T01:16:30Z
|
2023-12-17T05:56:08Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox badminton player",
"Template:Flagicon",
"Template:Silver2",
"Template:Gold1",
"Template:Color box",
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"Template:Use dmy dates"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debora_Jille
|
75,582,098 |
Dinovember
|
Dinovember is a month-long observance in November, invented by Susan and Refe Tuma in 2012. During Dinovember, toy dinosaurs 'come to life' at night and get up to mischief, and then are discovered by the kids of the household in the morning, frozen in place. Dinovember has been compared to Elf on a Shelf.
Dinovember has a small but dedicated following: as of November 2023, more than 200,000 people follow the antics of the Tuma dinosaurs via their Facebook page.
Susan and Refe Tuma, an American couple from Kansas City, Missouri, began Dinovember in 2012. Their youngest child often did not sleep through the night, so Susan began setting up scenes with their children's toy dinosaurs to pass the time at night. Their older children reacted positively, spurring the two to continue.
The following year, the project went viral after the couple wrote a Medium essay on the topic. Following the online support, the couple encouraged other parents to adopt the tradition.
Refe and Susan Tuma wrote a book about Dinovember, called What the Dinosaurs Did Last Night, which was released in 2014.
The idea has been picked up around the world by venues that cater to kids, including public libraries, teachers, and museums, such as the Royal Saskatchewan Museum.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dinovember is a month-long observance in November, invented by Susan and Refe Tuma in 2012. During Dinovember, toy dinosaurs 'come to life' at night and get up to mischief, and then are discovered by the kids of the household in the morning, frozen in place. Dinovember has been compared to Elf on a Shelf.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Dinovember has a small but dedicated following: as of November 2023, more than 200,000 people follow the antics of the Tuma dinosaurs via their Facebook page.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Susan and Refe Tuma, an American couple from Kansas City, Missouri, began Dinovember in 2012. Their youngest child often did not sleep through the night, so Susan began setting up scenes with their children's toy dinosaurs to pass the time at night. Their older children reacted positively, spurring the two to continue.",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The following year, the project went viral after the couple wrote a Medium essay on the topic. Following the online support, the couple encouraged other parents to adopt the tradition.",
"title": "Origins"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Refe and Susan Tuma wrote a book about Dinovember, called What the Dinosaurs Did Last Night, which was released in 2014.",
"title": "Dinovember in popular culture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The idea has been picked up around the world by venues that cater to kids, including public libraries, teachers, and museums, such as the Royal Saskatchewan Museum.",
"title": "Dinovember in popular culture"
}
] |
Dinovember is a month-long observance in November, invented by Susan and Refe Tuma in 2012. During Dinovember, toy dinosaurs 'come to life' at night and get up to mischief, and then are discovered by the kids of the household in the morning, frozen in place. Dinovember has been compared to Elf on a Shelf. Dinovember has a small but dedicated following: as of November 2023, more than 200,000 people follow the antics of the Tuma dinosaurs via their Facebook page.
|
2023-12-17T01:16:53Z
|
2023-12-19T01:18:27Z
|
[
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinovember
|
75,582,122 |
List of Pacific Games records in Olympic weightlifting
|
This is the list of Pacific Games and Pacific Mini Games records in weightlifting. Records are maintained in each weight class for the snatch lift, clean and jerk lift, and the total for both lifts.
Records as of October 2023
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is the list of Pacific Games and Pacific Mini Games records in weightlifting. Records are maintained in each weight class for the snatch lift, clean and jerk lift, and the total for both lifts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Records as of October 2023",
"title": "References"
}
] |
This is the list of Pacific Games and Pacific Mini Games records in weightlifting. Records are maintained in each weight class for the snatch lift, clean and jerk lift, and the total for both lifts.
|
2023-12-17T01:22:24Z
|
2023-12-19T16:12:08Z
|
[
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pacific_Games_records_in_Olympic_weightlifting
|
75,582,125 |
Expulsion from the United Nations
|
Expulsion from the United Nations is a procedure under Article 6, Chapter II of the United Nations Charter when a member state of the United Nations can be expelled from the organization. This can be done when a member state has persistently violated the principles of the United Nations Charter. To date, only one member state has been expelled, the Republic of China (Taiwan) under General Assembly Resolution 2758, and replaced by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1971.
Separately, the charter also allows suspension of a state from the membership in the United Nations General Assembly.
During the existence of the United Nations' predecessor, the League of Nations, the Soviet Union was expelled from the organization as the initiator of the Winter War with Finland.
After the Chinese Civil War and the retreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan, the PRC lobbied for the exclusion of the Republic of China from the United Nations. Particularly, in 1971 the PRC through its proxies passed along a letter from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs stating that Taiwan was a part of its territory that was returned after World War II, and that Beijing would "have absolutely nothing to do with the [UN]" if it adopted a position of "'two Chinas', 'one China, one Taiwan,' or 'the status of Taiwan remaining to be determined'". This claim was reiterated again during debates in the United Nations General Assembly. At the time, it was viewed as a question of representation (of which government should represent China in the UN) rather than a question of admission of the PRC. Eventually, the Republic of China was stripped off its 26-year-long UN membership and replaced by the PRC in the United Nations Security Council. The expulsion occurred despite the fact that the Republic of China has been one of the founding members of the United Nations, with diplomatic recognition of other UN members. Nonetheless, the mention of the Republic of China rather than People's Republic of China among Security Council members in the United Nations Charter has been retained since.
After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and adoption of General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1, the presence of Russia in the United Nations Security Council has been questioned. Specifically, it was pointed out that a permanent member of the Security Council with a veto power became a rogue state without consequence. Although Russia's membership is enshrined in Article 23 of the United Nations Charter and its veto power cannot be revoked because of Article 27 of the Charter, a mechanism has been proposed to expel Russia or suspend its membership. It involves expulsion through the General Assembly, which can be done under Article 18 of the Charter because if a country loses its seat in the Assembly, it also loses its seat in the Security Council. For that, a resolution proposing Russia's expulsion or suspension should go to the General Assembly from the Security Council, under Charter's Article 12. The General Assembly then must vote by a two-thirds +1 supermajority in favor of expulsion or suspension. Under Article 27 of the Charter, when the Security Council is deliberating an issue concerning one of its members, a party to the dispute shall abstain from voting. This allows the Security Council to avoid Russia's veto when sending the issue to the General Assembly.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Expulsion from the United Nations is a procedure under Article 6, Chapter II of the United Nations Charter when a member state of the United Nations can be expelled from the organization. This can be done when a member state has persistently violated the principles of the United Nations Charter. To date, only one member state has been expelled, the Republic of China (Taiwan) under General Assembly Resolution 2758, and replaced by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1971.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Separately, the charter also allows suspension of a state from the membership in the United Nations General Assembly.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "During the existence of the United Nations' predecessor, the League of Nations, the Soviet Union was expelled from the organization as the initiator of the Winter War with Finland.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After the Chinese Civil War and the retreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan, the PRC lobbied for the exclusion of the Republic of China from the United Nations. Particularly, in 1971 the PRC through its proxies passed along a letter from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs stating that Taiwan was a part of its territory that was returned after World War II, and that Beijing would \"have absolutely nothing to do with the [UN]\" if it adopted a position of \"'two Chinas', 'one China, one Taiwan,' or 'the status of Taiwan remaining to be determined'\". This claim was reiterated again during debates in the United Nations General Assembly. At the time, it was viewed as a question of representation (of which government should represent China in the UN) rather than a question of admission of the PRC. Eventually, the Republic of China was stripped off its 26-year-long UN membership and replaced by the PRC in the United Nations Security Council. The expulsion occurred despite the fact that the Republic of China has been one of the founding members of the United Nations, with diplomatic recognition of other UN members. Nonetheless, the mention of the Republic of China rather than People's Republic of China among Security Council members in the United Nations Charter has been retained since.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and adoption of General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1, the presence of Russia in the United Nations Security Council has been questioned. Specifically, it was pointed out that a permanent member of the Security Council with a veto power became a rogue state without consequence. Although Russia's membership is enshrined in Article 23 of the United Nations Charter and its veto power cannot be revoked because of Article 27 of the Charter, a mechanism has been proposed to expel Russia or suspend its membership. It involves expulsion through the General Assembly, which can be done under Article 18 of the Charter because if a country loses its seat in the Assembly, it also loses its seat in the Security Council. For that, a resolution proposing Russia's expulsion or suspension should go to the General Assembly from the Security Council, under Charter's Article 12. The General Assembly then must vote by a two-thirds +1 supermajority in favor of expulsion or suspension. Under Article 27 of the Charter, when the Security Council is deliberating an issue concerning one of its members, a party to the dispute shall abstain from voting. This allows the Security Council to avoid Russia's veto when sending the issue to the General Assembly.",
"title": "Proposed expulsion of Russia"
}
] |
Expulsion from the United Nations is a procedure under Article 6, Chapter II of the United Nations Charter when a member state of the United Nations can be expelled from the organization. This can be done when a member state has persistently violated the principles of the United Nations Charter. To date, only one member state has been expelled, the Republic of China (Taiwan) under General Assembly Resolution 2758, and replaced by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1971. Separately, the charter also allows suspension of a state from the membership in the United Nations General Assembly.
|
2023-12-17T01:22:37Z
|
2023-12-28T22:54:09Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
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] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_Nations
|
75,582,126 |
Patrick Emond
|
Patrick Emond is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former player. Although he ended his junior ice hockey eligibility as the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) all-time assists record holder, he never played in the National Hockey League (NHL). His assists record has only been exceeded by Patrice Lefebvre. After retiring as a player he mostly served as the head coach for Genève-Servette HC of the Swiss National League (NL) and its junior affiliate.
Emond began his junior career with the Trois-Rivières Draveurs during the 1981–82 season. During the following season he was traded to the Hull Olympiques. After the season ended he was drafted by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 1983 NHL Entry Draft, and was invited to the Penguins training camp but was cut from the team. Penguins general manager Eddie Johnston said that he was cut because he did not like playing in "heavy traffic" but Edmond felt that "the fact I was the only francophone didn't help. It affected me mentally. I felt intimidated. It reflected in my play." Back in the QMJHL, he was traded to the Chicoutimi Saguenéens during the 1983–84 season and remained with them through the remainder of his junior career, through 1985–86. He finished his QMJHL career with 346 assists, a record that was exceeded in 1987 by Lefebvre. As of 2020, he aso ranked third all-time in QMJHL points.
With no NHL teams interested, Edmond played for the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières from 1988 to 1991. He later finished his playing career in the Quebec Semi-Pro Hockey League.
After his playing career ended he became a coach in the Swiss National League (NHL), primarily in the Genève-Servette HC organization.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Patrick Emond is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former player. Although he ended his junior ice hockey eligibility as the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) all-time assists record holder, he never played in the National Hockey League (NHL). His assists record has only been exceeded by Patrice Lefebvre. After retiring as a player he mostly served as the head coach for Genève-Servette HC of the Swiss National League (NL) and its junior affiliate.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Emond began his junior career with the Trois-Rivières Draveurs during the 1981–82 season. During the following season he was traded to the Hull Olympiques. After the season ended he was drafted by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 1983 NHL Entry Draft, and was invited to the Penguins training camp but was cut from the team. Penguins general manager Eddie Johnston said that he was cut because he did not like playing in \"heavy traffic\" but Edmond felt that \"the fact I was the only francophone didn't help. It affected me mentally. I felt intimidated. It reflected in my play.\" Back in the QMJHL, he was traded to the Chicoutimi Saguenéens during the 1983–84 season and remained with them through the remainder of his junior career, through 1985–86. He finished his QMJHL career with 346 assists, a record that was exceeded in 1987 by Lefebvre. As of 2020, he aso ranked third all-time in QMJHL points.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "With no NHL teams interested, Edmond played for the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières from 1988 to 1991. He later finished his playing career in the Quebec Semi-Pro Hockey League.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After his playing career ended he became a coach in the Swiss National League (NHL), primarily in the Genève-Servette HC organization.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Patrick Emond is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former player. Although he ended his junior ice hockey eligibility as the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) all-time assists record holder, he never played in the National Hockey League (NHL). His assists record has only been exceeded by Patrice Lefebvre. After retiring as a player he mostly served as the head coach for Genève-Servette HC of the Swiss National League (NL) and its junior affiliate. Emond began his junior career with the Trois-Rivières Draveurs during the 1981–82 season. During the following season he was traded to the Hull Olympiques. After the season ended he was drafted by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the 1983 NHL Entry Draft, and was invited to the Penguins training camp but was cut from the team. Penguins general manager Eddie Johnston said that he was cut because he did not like playing in "heavy traffic" but Edmond felt that "the fact I was the only francophone didn't help. It affected me mentally. I felt intimidated. It reflected in my play." Back in the QMJHL, he was traded to the Chicoutimi Saguenéens during the 1983–84 season and remained with them through the remainder of his junior career, through 1985–86. He finished his QMJHL career with 346 assists, a record that was exceeded in 1987 by Lefebvre. As of 2020, he aso ranked third all-time in QMJHL points. With no NHL teams interested, Edmond played for the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières from 1988 to 1991. He later finished his playing career in the Quebec Semi-Pro Hockey League. After his playing career ended he became a coach in the Swiss National League (NHL), primarily in the Genève-Servette HC organization.
|
2023-12-17T01:22:58Z
|
2023-12-22T20:45:03Z
|
[
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use mdy dates",
"Template:Infobox ice hockey player",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Emond
|
75,582,128 |
Tjøme (disambiguation)
|
Tjøme may refer to:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tjøme may refer to:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "Other"
}
] |
Tjøme may refer to:
|
2023-12-17T01:23:39Z
|
2023-12-17T01:23:39Z
|
[
"Template:Dab"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%B8me_(disambiguation)
|
75,582,130 |
Cumberland School Department
|
Cumberland School Department is the school district of Cumberland, Rhode Island.
Phil Thornton became the superintendent in 2011. In 2015 he was to leave his role as superintendent, and became superintendent of Warwick Public Schools. Bob Mitchell was chosen by school board members to become the next superintendent, and he began his term that year.
In 2019 the school board gave Mitchell an additional two years as superintendent.
In 2021 Mitchell retired, and Thornton again became superintendent of the Cumberland school district.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Cumberland School Department is the school district of Cumberland, Rhode Island.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Phil Thornton became the superintendent in 2011. In 2015 he was to leave his role as superintendent, and became superintendent of Warwick Public Schools. Bob Mitchell was chosen by school board members to become the next superintendent, and he began his term that year.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2019 the school board gave Mitchell an additional two years as superintendent.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2021 Mitchell retired, and Thornton again became superintendent of the Cumberland school district.",
"title": "History"
}
] |
Cumberland School Department is the school district of Cumberland, Rhode Island.
|
2023-12-17T01:24:07Z
|
2023-12-17T01:52:36Z
|
[
"Template:Expand section",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:USA-school-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland_School_Department
|
75,582,132 |
Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 1500 metres T20
|
The men's T20 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T20 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] |
The men's T20 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
|
2023-12-17T01:24:33Z
|
2023-12-29T23:04:43Z
|
[
"Template:Gold01",
"Template:Bronze03",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games Men",
"Template:Flagathlete",
"Template:FlagIOC2",
"Template:Silver02",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Infobox Parapan American Games event",
"Template:Nowrap"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_1500_metres_T20
|
75,582,137 |
Praxis (proposed city)
|
Praxis is a company founded by Dryden Brown and Charlie Callinan which has stated plans to create a 10,000 population city in the Mediterranean. The New York Times writes that Praxis founder Dryden Brown "isn’t a charismatic speaker or an accomplished businessman" and that he is "big on promises and light on specifics". Brown has not determined the location of the city and the company's vision has been called unrealistic.
Dryden Brown was raised in Santa Barbara, California and was homeschooled in order to pursue competitive surfing. He stated that as a high schooler, he studied Ayn Rand and Austrian economists, and when he applied for college, he limited his applications to Harvard University, Stanford University, the University of Oxford, and the University of Cambridge. He was rejected by them all and he attended New York University before dropping out. Before founding Praxis, Brown worked as an analyst for a hedge fund, where he met Praxis co-founder Charlie Callinan, a former Boston College wide receiver. Brown was fired from the hedge fund. In 2019, Brown and Callinan used money Callinan won in a golf tournament to travel to Nigeria and Ghana, where they met with Ghana's vice president and proposed building financial center. In 2019, a conversation while surfing in Puerto Rico inspired Callinan and Brown to establish a company called Bluebook Cities.
In 2022, Brown told a speechwriter that his inspiration for Praxis came when he saw people looting stores in SoHo during the George Floyd protests. Following the protests, he rented a cabin in Alaska. Brown has lamented the organization of modern cities and their perceived lack of shared values.
A December 2023 report in The New York Times revealed that Brown had raised $19.2 million for Praxis. Praxis’ largest backer is Paradigm, which was an investor in failed cryptocurrency exchange FTX. Paradigm raised concerns about males outnumbering females four to one in a 2023 membership report. Other investors include Pronomos Capital, backed by Peter Thiel as well as venture capitalists Balaji Srinivasan and Joe Lonsdale, both associates of Peter Thiel. In addition, Praxis received investments from Alameda Research backed by Sam Bankman-Fried, and Apollo Ventures, launched by Sam Altman.
In May 2022, Praxis moved into a large, top-floor office in SoHo where Praxis staff members live and work. The loft is the location of some of Praxis's lavish parties, where Brown attempts to "evoke the salon culture of the Parisian Enlightenment." Other parties have occurred in bars and the Yale Club of Manhattan. By 2022, six staff members were living in the Praxis loft. The Praxis team recruits new members in cities like Los Angeles, the Bay Area, Miami and at conventions such as Coachella, and Cannes.
Brown said the waiting list for the proposed city was 50,000 people long and that 12,000 members already interested in moving starting in 2026. However, in July 2023, an internal company roster contained just 431 members.
(In an email, Mr. Brown clarified that 12,000 was the number of people who had signed up for Praxis groups on Discord, Telegram, and Signal.)
In a 2021 interview, Brown said the city's style would be “hero futurism” with a “neo-Gilded Age kind of aesthetic.” The Praxis organization is associated with fascism, white supremacy, and cryptocurrency. In the company's Series A pitch to investors in 2022, it called its proposed city a “cryptostate.”
An internal Praxis branding guide accessed by The New York Times extolled whiteness, specifically the “traditional, European/Western beauty standards on which the civilized world, at its best points, has always found success.” The document revealed an interest in attracting "hot girls" and tech talent.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Praxis is a company founded by Dryden Brown and Charlie Callinan which has stated plans to create a 10,000 population city in the Mediterranean. The New York Times writes that Praxis founder Dryden Brown \"isn’t a charismatic speaker or an accomplished businessman\" and that he is \"big on promises and light on specifics\". Brown has not determined the location of the city and the company's vision has been called unrealistic.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Dryden Brown was raised in Santa Barbara, California and was homeschooled in order to pursue competitive surfing. He stated that as a high schooler, he studied Ayn Rand and Austrian economists, and when he applied for college, he limited his applications to Harvard University, Stanford University, the University of Oxford, and the University of Cambridge. He was rejected by them all and he attended New York University before dropping out. Before founding Praxis, Brown worked as an analyst for a hedge fund, where he met Praxis co-founder Charlie Callinan, a former Boston College wide receiver. Brown was fired from the hedge fund. In 2019, Brown and Callinan used money Callinan won in a golf tournament to travel to Nigeria and Ghana, where they met with Ghana's vice president and proposed building financial center. In 2019, a conversation while surfing in Puerto Rico inspired Callinan and Brown to establish a company called Bluebook Cities.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2022, Brown told a speechwriter that his inspiration for Praxis came when he saw people looting stores in SoHo during the George Floyd protests. Following the protests, he rented a cabin in Alaska. Brown has lamented the organization of modern cities and their perceived lack of shared values.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "A December 2023 report in The New York Times revealed that Brown had raised $19.2 million for Praxis. Praxis’ largest backer is Paradigm, which was an investor in failed cryptocurrency exchange FTX. Paradigm raised concerns about males outnumbering females four to one in a 2023 membership report. Other investors include Pronomos Capital, backed by Peter Thiel as well as venture capitalists Balaji Srinivasan and Joe Lonsdale, both associates of Peter Thiel. In addition, Praxis received investments from Alameda Research backed by Sam Bankman-Fried, and Apollo Ventures, launched by Sam Altman.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In May 2022, Praxis moved into a large, top-floor office in SoHo where Praxis staff members live and work. The loft is the location of some of Praxis's lavish parties, where Brown attempts to \"evoke the salon culture of the Parisian Enlightenment.\" Other parties have occurred in bars and the Yale Club of Manhattan. By 2022, six staff members were living in the Praxis loft. The Praxis team recruits new members in cities like Los Angeles, the Bay Area, Miami and at conventions such as Coachella, and Cannes.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Brown said the waiting list for the proposed city was 50,000 people long and that 12,000 members already interested in moving starting in 2026. However, in July 2023, an internal company roster contained just 431 members.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "(In an email, Mr. Brown clarified that 12,000 was the number of people who had signed up for Praxis groups on Discord, Telegram, and Signal.)",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In a 2021 interview, Brown said the city's style would be “hero futurism” with a “neo-Gilded Age kind of aesthetic.” The Praxis organization is associated with fascism, white supremacy, and cryptocurrency. In the company's Series A pitch to investors in 2022, it called its proposed city a “cryptostate.”",
"title": "Values"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "An internal Praxis branding guide accessed by The New York Times extolled whiteness, specifically the “traditional, European/Western beauty standards on which the civilized world, at its best points, has always found success.” The document revealed an interest in attracting \"hot girls\" and tech talent.",
"title": "Values"
}
] |
Praxis is a company founded by Dryden Brown and Charlie Callinan which has stated plans to create a 10,000 population city in the Mediterranean. The New York Times writes that Praxis founder Dryden Brown "isn’t a charismatic speaker or an accomplished businessman" and that he is "big on promises and light on specifics". Brown has not determined the location of the city and the company's vision has been called unrealistic.
|
2023-12-17T01:25:00Z
|
2023-12-31T06:21:53Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praxis_(proposed_city)
|
75,582,151 |
Don Juan's Last Adventure
|
Don Juan's Last Adventure (Hungarian: Don Juan legutolsó kalandja) is a 1958 Hungarian drama film directed by Márton Keleti and starring Zoltán Várkonyi, Margit Bara and Antal Páger. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director László Duba.
Suffering under a curse of several hundred years, Don Juan arrives in Budapest in the guise of a South American businessman. He has to charm a new woman to avoid the curse, but Kata refuses to be swayed by any of his practiced tricks at seduction.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Don Juan's Last Adventure (Hungarian: Don Juan legutolsó kalandja) is a 1958 Hungarian drama film directed by Márton Keleti and starring Zoltán Várkonyi, Margit Bara and Antal Páger. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director László Duba.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Suffering under a curse of several hundred years, Don Juan arrives in Budapest in the guise of a South American businessman. He has to charm a new woman to avoid the curse, but Kata refuses to be swayed by any of his practiced tricks at seduction.",
"title": "Synopsis"
}
] |
Don Juan's Last Adventure is a 1958 Hungarian drama film directed by Márton Keleti and starring Zoltán Várkonyi, Margit Bara and Antal Páger. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director László Duba.
|
2023-12-17T01:28:05Z
|
2023-12-23T16:59:42Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Márton Keleti",
"Template:Hungary-film-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Juan%27s_Last_Adventure
|
75,582,179 |
Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 1500 metres T38
|
The men's T38 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T38 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] |
The men's T38 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 21 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
|
2023-12-17T01:31:46Z
|
2023-12-29T23:05:00Z
|
[
"Template:Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games Men",
"Template:Flagathlete",
"Template:Gold01",
"Template:Bronze03",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Infobox Parapan American Games event",
"Template:Nowrap",
"Template:FlagIOC2",
"Template:Silver02",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_1500_metres_T38
|
75,582,191 |
Irgun bombing of police headquarters in Haifa
|
The Irgun bombed the district police headquarters in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine on September 29, 1947. The attack killed ten or twelve people, including civilians and British and Arab policemen, in addition to injuring 53 or 54 others.
The barrel bomb, which was used in this attack, was an innovation of Amichai Paglin. It was used extensively in the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine and the 1948 Palestine War.
In August 1947, the packet steamship SS Exodus, loaded with Zionist Jewish migrants from France, most of whom were Holocaust survivors without legal immigration certificates for Palestine, attempted to partake in Aliyah Bet. The Royal Navy boarded her in international waters and took her to Haifa, where ships were waiting to return the migrants to refugee camps in Europe. The refugees were barred from entering Palestine and the ship was deported to Hamburg.
The Irgun was Zionist a paramilitary group active in the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine. Along with Lehi, which had already bombed a police station in Haifa earlier in the year, they represented the "first postmodern terrorist movement", according to terrorism expert Bruce Hoffman.
The first barrel bomb was used on September 29, 1947 and can be traced to a design by Amichai Paglin, the Irgun's chief operations officer and bomb designer.
The northern police HQ in Haifa came to their attention, but it was surrounded by sand-filled barrels and a mesh fence of barbed-wire. Paglin set to work designing a bomb that could penetrate the fence and blow up the building. He hit on the idea of using an oil barrel. Haifa was one of the great oil ports in the 1940s and standard 55-gallon steel oil drums came into common usage only a few years earlier during WWII; they were first developed by the Axis powers (Germany and Italy) but were quickly adopted by Allies and widely available.
Paglin's bomb design consisted of an oil barrel with tires mounted on the ends allowing it to roll. It was filled with 500 pounds of explosives. The bomb was hoisted onto the top of a lorry under a canvas tarp to keep it hidden. The height of the lorry was higher than the top of the fence surrounding the police station. A cord inside the lorry released the barrel which sent it down a short ramp, also mounted on the lorry roof, launching it over the fence onto the police grounds. Momentum carried the barrel bomb towards the police building. The bomb had an automatic "lock" that stopped the wheels spinning when it hit an obstacle such as the building, so that it would not roll backwards. There up against the wall, a pre-lit fuse ran out and the bomb exploded. In the attack 10 people were killed and 54 injured, of which 33 were British. Four British policemen, four Arab policemen, an Arab women and 16-year old were killed. The 10 story building was so heavily damaged that it was later demolished.
The exact details of the bomb, including photographs and diagrams, were mailed by Paglin to British authorities and newspapers a few days after the attack. Irgun named the attack "Operation Hambaf", a contraction of the words Hamburg, the city where the SS Exodus returned to, and Afalpi, the name of another refugee ship redirected by the British to Cyprus. The press initially reported on the bomb as simply a bomb in a tar barrel, but later reports dubbed it a 'Barrel Bomb' (with quotes) or the "barrel bomb technique of the Jewish underground". The police called it "a brand new method".
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Irgun bombed the district police headquarters in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine on September 29, 1947. The attack killed ten or twelve people, including civilians and British and Arab policemen, in addition to injuring 53 or 54 others.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The barrel bomb, which was used in this attack, was an innovation of Amichai Paglin. It was used extensively in the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine and the 1948 Palestine War.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In August 1947, the packet steamship SS Exodus, loaded with Zionist Jewish migrants from France, most of whom were Holocaust survivors without legal immigration certificates for Palestine, attempted to partake in Aliyah Bet. The Royal Navy boarded her in international waters and took her to Haifa, where ships were waiting to return the migrants to refugee camps in Europe. The refugees were barred from entering Palestine and the ship was deported to Hamburg.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Irgun was Zionist a paramilitary group active in the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine. Along with Lehi, which had already bombed a police station in Haifa earlier in the year, they represented the \"first postmodern terrorist movement\", according to terrorism expert Bruce Hoffman.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The first barrel bomb was used on September 29, 1947 and can be traced to a design by Amichai Paglin, the Irgun's chief operations officer and bomb designer.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The northern police HQ in Haifa came to their attention, but it was surrounded by sand-filled barrels and a mesh fence of barbed-wire. Paglin set to work designing a bomb that could penetrate the fence and blow up the building. He hit on the idea of using an oil barrel. Haifa was one of the great oil ports in the 1940s and standard 55-gallon steel oil drums came into common usage only a few years earlier during WWII; they were first developed by the Axis powers (Germany and Italy) but were quickly adopted by Allies and widely available.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Paglin's bomb design consisted of an oil barrel with tires mounted on the ends allowing it to roll. It was filled with 500 pounds of explosives. The bomb was hoisted onto the top of a lorry under a canvas tarp to keep it hidden. The height of the lorry was higher than the top of the fence surrounding the police station. A cord inside the lorry released the barrel which sent it down a short ramp, also mounted on the lorry roof, launching it over the fence onto the police grounds. Momentum carried the barrel bomb towards the police building. The bomb had an automatic \"lock\" that stopped the wheels spinning when it hit an obstacle such as the building, so that it would not roll backwards. There up against the wall, a pre-lit fuse ran out and the bomb exploded. In the attack 10 people were killed and 54 injured, of which 33 were British. Four British policemen, four Arab policemen, an Arab women and 16-year old were killed. The 10 story building was so heavily damaged that it was later demolished.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The exact details of the bomb, including photographs and diagrams, were mailed by Paglin to British authorities and newspapers a few days after the attack. Irgun named the attack \"Operation Hambaf\", a contraction of the words Hamburg, the city where the SS Exodus returned to, and Afalpi, the name of another refugee ship redirected by the British to Cyprus. The press initially reported on the bomb as simply a bomb in a tar barrel, but later reports dubbed it a 'Barrel Bomb' (with quotes) or the \"barrel bomb technique of the Jewish underground\". The police called it \"a brand new method\".",
"title": "History"
}
] |
The Irgun bombed the district police headquarters in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine on September 29, 1947. The attack killed ten or twelve people, including civilians and British and Arab policemen, in addition to injuring 53 or 54 others. The barrel bomb, which was used in this attack, was an innovation of Amichai Paglin. It was used extensively in the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine and the 1948 Palestine War.
|
2023-12-17T01:34:56Z
|
2023-12-21T19:49:25Z
|
[
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cbignore",
"Template:Citation",
"Template:Infobox civilian attack",
"Template:Rp",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:ISBN"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irgun_bombing_of_police_headquarters_in_Haifa
|
75,582,203 |
Princess Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg
|
Princess Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg (German: Christine Elisabeth Albertine von Anhalt-Bernburg; 14 November 1746 – 18 May 1823) was a Princess of Anhalt-Bernburg and was Princess of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen through her marriage to August II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.
Christine was born in Bernburg to Victor Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (son of Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg and Sophie Albertine of Solms-Sonnenwalde) and Albertine of Brandenburg-Schwedt (daughter of Margrave Albert Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt and Princess Maria Dorothea Kettler of Courland). She was described as a gentle and loving character and was raised by tender parents.
On 27 April 1762 a ceremonial wedding took place between her and Prince August of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, the brother of the then reigning Christian Günther III, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, after rejecting many sons from noble families. From then on she left Bernburg and the newly wedded couple resided in Sondershausen Palace. It was said that she soon won the hearts of all residents through her exceptional affability and friendly condescension.
Their marriage resulted in 6 children, most dying in their youth. Christine survived 5 of her 6 children. She is also a direct ancestor of Queen Emma, Queen Wilhelmina, Princess Helen, Duchess of Albany and Princess Alice of Albany through her daughter Princess Augusta.
In the later years of her life, there was unhappiness within her marriage, things gradually arose in the marriage, the two would’ve rather been separated away. Christine decided that it would be better if she left Sondershausen, where she was universally loved, she still considered it beneficial for her peace of mind. Therefore, without formally divorcing her husband she left. She spent the remaining years of her life residing in Coswig Castle with her widowed sister Friederike Auguste Sophie of Anhalt-Bernburg.
She died in Coswig aged 76.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Princess Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg (German: Christine Elisabeth Albertine von Anhalt-Bernburg; 14 November 1746 – 18 May 1823) was a Princess of Anhalt-Bernburg and was Princess of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen through her marriage to August II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Christine was born in Bernburg to Victor Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (son of Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg and Sophie Albertine of Solms-Sonnenwalde) and Albertine of Brandenburg-Schwedt (daughter of Margrave Albert Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt and Princess Maria Dorothea Kettler of Courland). She was described as a gentle and loving character and was raised by tender parents.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 27 April 1762 a ceremonial wedding took place between her and Prince August of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, the brother of the then reigning Christian Günther III, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, after rejecting many sons from noble families. From then on she left Bernburg and the newly wedded couple resided in Sondershausen Palace. It was said that she soon won the hearts of all residents through her exceptional affability and friendly condescension.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Their marriage resulted in 6 children, most dying in their youth. Christine survived 5 of her 6 children. She is also a direct ancestor of Queen Emma, Queen Wilhelmina, Princess Helen, Duchess of Albany and Princess Alice of Albany through her daughter Princess Augusta.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In the later years of her life, there was unhappiness within her marriage, things gradually arose in the marriage, the two would’ve rather been separated away. Christine decided that it would be better if she left Sondershausen, where she was universally loved, she still considered it beneficial for her peace of mind. Therefore, without formally divorcing her husband she left. She spent the remaining years of her life residing in Coswig Castle with her widowed sister Friederike Auguste Sophie of Anhalt-Bernburg.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "She died in Coswig aged 76.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] |
Princess Christine of Anhalt-Bernburg was a Princess of Anhalt-Bernburg and was Princess of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen through her marriage to August II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.
|
2023-12-17T01:38:17Z
|
2023-12-28T13:43:59Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox royalty",
"Template:Lang-de",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Authority control"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Christine_of_Anhalt-Bernburg
|
75,582,216 |
Happiness campaign in Iran
|
In late November 2023 in the northern Iranian town of Rasht in Gilan province, a 70-year-old man at a fish market (Sadegh Bana Motejaded) was videoed dancing and singing to an Iranian folk song. On 1 December, he posted a version of the video on his Instagram page which went viral, generating 80 million views by mid-December. Iranians sang and danced to the song "on the streets, in shops, at sport stadiums, in classrooms, malls, restaurants, gyms, parties and everywhere else they congregate". According to at least one source—the New York Times—the phenomenon is noteworthy because music, dancing and singing are "deeply rooted" in the culture of Iran, dancing, especially by women or mixed genders, is forbidden in the Islamic Republic of Iran which has been in power since 1979.
Bana Motejaded told a local television reporter that he was dancing “to make people happy. I only want people to be happy and to change their mood,” but authorities cracked down. On December 7 local police in Rasht announced they had removed the video from several websites, arrested twelve men who had appeared in the video and shut down their Instagram pages. On Bana Motejaded's Instagram page, his profile was replaced by an emblem of the Islamic Republic's judiciary, and his posts were all replaced with one from the judiciary reading, “this page has been shut down for creating criminal content” and that the person who had engaged in the activity “has been dealt with.” According to a person "familiar with the details of the arrests" interviewed by the New York Times, the local intelligence division of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corp detained Bana Motejaded for several hours and accused him "of instigating against the government", the men in the video were also summoned, interrogated for hours, blindfolded, beaten, threatened with legal action and forced to sign a pledge never to sing and dance in public again.
News of the arrests and a backlash against them spread rapidly across Iran. Videos of people singing and dancing to the song were posted on social media and circulated on WhatsApp and other applications, in what came to be called the “happiness campaign.” The official Farsi page of the Asian Football Confederation (which has nearly 4 million followers) posted a video compilation of some Iranian soccer stars and teams dancing and cheering to the song.
In response the Gilan province police backed down, denied they had ever arrested Bana Motejaded, and restored the posts on his Instagram page. Local news channels interviewed him.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "In late November 2023 in the northern Iranian town of Rasht in Gilan province, a 70-year-old man at a fish market (Sadegh Bana Motejaded) was videoed dancing and singing to an Iranian folk song. On 1 December, he posted a version of the video on his Instagram page which went viral, generating 80 million views by mid-December. Iranians sang and danced to the song \"on the streets, in shops, at sport stadiums, in classrooms, malls, restaurants, gyms, parties and everywhere else they congregate\". According to at least one source—the New York Times—the phenomenon is noteworthy because music, dancing and singing are \"deeply rooted\" in the culture of Iran, dancing, especially by women or mixed genders, is forbidden in the Islamic Republic of Iran which has been in power since 1979.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bana Motejaded told a local television reporter that he was dancing “to make people happy. I only want people to be happy and to change their mood,” but authorities cracked down. On December 7 local police in Rasht announced they had removed the video from several websites, arrested twelve men who had appeared in the video and shut down their Instagram pages. On Bana Motejaded's Instagram page, his profile was replaced by an emblem of the Islamic Republic's judiciary, and his posts were all replaced with one from the judiciary reading, “this page has been shut down for creating criminal content” and that the person who had engaged in the activity “has been dealt with.” According to a person \"familiar with the details of the arrests\" interviewed by the New York Times, the local intelligence division of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corp detained Bana Motejaded for several hours and accused him \"of instigating against the government\", the men in the video were also summoned, interrogated for hours, blindfolded, beaten, threatened with legal action and forced to sign a pledge never to sing and dance in public again.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "News of the arrests and a backlash against them spread rapidly across Iran. Videos of people singing and dancing to the song were posted on social media and circulated on WhatsApp and other applications, in what came to be called the “happiness campaign.” The official Farsi page of the Asian Football Confederation (which has nearly 4 million followers) posted a video compilation of some Iranian soccer stars and teams dancing and cheering to the song.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In response the Gilan province police backed down, denied they had ever arrested Bana Motejaded, and restored the posts on his Instagram page. Local news channels interviewed him.",
"title": ""
}
] |
In late November 2023 in the northern Iranian town of Rasht in Gilan province, a 70-year-old man at a fish market was videoed dancing and singing to an Iranian folk song. On 1 December, he posted a version of the video on his Instagram page which went viral, generating 80 million views by mid-December. Iranians sang and danced to the song "on the streets, in shops, at sport stadiums, in classrooms, malls, restaurants, gyms, parties and everywhere else they congregate". According to at least one source—the New York Times—the phenomenon is noteworthy because music, dancing and singing are "deeply rooted" in the culture of Iran, dancing, especially by women or mixed genders, is forbidden in the Islamic Republic of Iran which has been in power since 1979. Bana Motejaded told a local television reporter that he was dancing “to make people happy. I only want people to be happy and to change their mood,” but authorities cracked down. On December 7 local police in Rasht announced they had removed the video from several websites, arrested twelve men who had appeared in the video and shut down their Instagram pages. On Bana Motejaded's Instagram page, his profile was replaced by an emblem of the Islamic Republic's judiciary, and his posts were all replaced with one from the judiciary reading, “this page has been shut down for creating criminal content” and that the person who had engaged in the activity “has been dealt with.”
According to a person "familiar with the details of the arrests" interviewed by the New York Times, the local intelligence division of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corp detained Bana Motejaded for several hours and accused him "of instigating against the government", the men in the video were also summoned, interrogated for hours, blindfolded, beaten, threatened with legal action and forced to sign a pledge never to sing and dance in public again. News of the arrests and a backlash against them spread rapidly across Iran. Videos of people singing and dancing to the song were posted on social media and circulated on WhatsApp and other applications, in what came to be called the “happiness campaign.” The official Farsi page of the Asian Football Confederation posted a video compilation of some Iranian soccer stars and teams dancing and cheering to the song. In response the Gilan province police backed down, denied they had ever arrested Bana Motejaded, and restored the posts on his Instagram page. Local news channels interviewed him.
|
2023-12-17T01:42:40Z
|
2023-12-20T08:09:04Z
|
[
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happiness_campaign_in_Iran
|
75,582,224 |
Judo at the 2023 Parapan American Games
|
Judo competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Contact Sports Center from 19 to 20 November 2023.
There are 59 judokas from 12 nations participating.
* Host nation (Chile)
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Judo competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Contact Sports Center from 19 to 20 November 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "There are 59 judokas from 12 nations participating.",
"title": "Participating nations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "* Host nation (Chile)",
"title": "Medal summary"
}
] |
Judo competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Contact Sports Center from 19 to 20 November 2023.
|
2023-12-17T01:44:15Z
|
2023-12-27T11:20:40Z
|
[
"Template:Div col",
"Template:FlagIPC2",
"Template:Medals table",
"Template:Judo at the Parapan American Games",
"Template:MedalistTable",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Infobox Parapan American Games event",
"Template:FlagIPC2medalist",
"Template:Events at the 2023 Parapan American Games",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Judo at the 2023 Parapan American Games",
"Template:Div col end",
"Template:DetailsLink",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games
|
75,582,225 |
Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 1500 metres T46
|
The men's T46 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 22 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T46 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 22 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] |
The men's T46 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 22 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
|
2023-12-17T01:45:14Z
|
2023-12-29T23:05:15Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox Parapan American Games event",
"Template:Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games Men",
"Template:Flagathlete",
"Template:Nowrap",
"Template:Gold01",
"Template:Silver02",
"Template:Bronze03",
"Template:FlagIOC2",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_1500_metres_T46
|
75,582,230 |
Devils Prongs
|
Devils Prongs is a 2,175-foot-elevation (663-meter) mountain in Alaska.
Devils Prongs is located two miles (3.2 km) northwest of Kodiak at the head of Monaska Bay on the northeast coast of Kodiak Island. Precipitation runoff from the three peaks of the mountain drains north into Virginia Creek and south into Pillar Creek before each empty into Monaska Bay. Topographic relief is significant as the mountain rises over 2,000 feet (610 meters) above tidewater of Monaska Bay in approximately zero point seven five miles (1.21 km). The mountain's name was applied in 1869 by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and the toponym was officially adopted in 1966 by the United States Board on Geographic Names. Russian naval officers in 1808 gave this landform the descriptive name Gory Chyernysheva, meaning "Black Mountains."
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Devils Prongs is located in a subpolar oceanic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems coming off the North Pacific are forced upwards by the mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop to 0 °F with wind chill factors below −10 °F.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Devils Prongs is a 2,175-foot-elevation (663-meter) mountain in Alaska.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Devils Prongs is located two miles (3.2 km) northwest of Kodiak at the head of Monaska Bay on the northeast coast of Kodiak Island. Precipitation runoff from the three peaks of the mountain drains north into Virginia Creek and south into Pillar Creek before each empty into Monaska Bay. Topographic relief is significant as the mountain rises over 2,000 feet (610 meters) above tidewater of Monaska Bay in approximately zero point seven five miles (1.21 km). The mountain's name was applied in 1869 by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and the toponym was officially adopted in 1966 by the United States Board on Geographic Names. Russian naval officers in 1808 gave this landform the descriptive name Gory Chyernysheva, meaning \"Black Mountains.\"",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "According to the Köppen climate classification system, Devils Prongs is located in a subpolar oceanic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems coming off the North Pacific are forced upwards by the mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of rainfall and snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop to 0 °F with wind chill factors below −10 °F.",
"title": "Climate"
}
] |
Devils Prongs is a 2,175-foot-elevation (663-meter) mountain in Alaska.
|
2023-12-17T01:46:11Z
|
2023-12-20T04:10:44Z
|
[
"Template:Portal bar",
"Template:Infobox mountain",
"Template:Convert",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Geographic Location 2"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devils_Prongs
|
75,582,232 |
Esaú Flores
|
Edward Esaú Flores Martínez (born 29 November 1997) is a Honduran professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Victoria
He started his career in the reserves and participated in all his training to be a XI goalkeeper for the club. He eventually made his debut in the league match against Real Espana for the club.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Edward Esaú Flores Martínez (born 29 November 1997) is a Honduran professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Victoria",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He started his career in the reserves and participated in all his training to be a XI goalkeeper for the club. He eventually made his debut in the league match against Real Espana for the club.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
Edward Esaú Flores Martínez is a Honduran professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Victoria
|
2023-12-17T01:46:43Z
|
2023-12-30T00:06:50Z
|
[
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox football biography",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Soccerway",
"Template:Honduras-footy-bio-stub",
"Template:Short description"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esa%C3%BA_Flores
|
75,582,234 |
Dominic Maguire (rugby union)
|
Dominic John Maguire (born 2 July 1964) is an Australian former rugby union international.
Maguire was born in Brisbane and educated at Padua College.
A centre, Maguire played for Brisbane club Brothers and was capped three times for the Wallabies during the 1989 British Lions tour to Australia. He debuted as the outside centre in Australia's 1st Test win over the Lions in Sydney, scoring a second half try, then leaving the after match celebrations early to attend his brother's wedding.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dominic John Maguire (born 2 July 1964) is an Australian former rugby union international.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Maguire was born in Brisbane and educated at Padua College.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A centre, Maguire played for Brisbane club Brothers and was capped three times for the Wallabies during the 1989 British Lions tour to Australia. He debuted as the outside centre in Australia's 1st Test win over the Lions in Sydney, scoring a second half try, then leaving the after match celebrations early to attend his brother's wedding.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Dominic John Maguire is an Australian former rugby union international. Maguire was born in Brisbane and educated at Padua College. A centre, Maguire played for Brisbane club Brothers and was capped three times for the Wallabies during the 1989 British Lions tour to Australia. He debuted as the outside centre in Australia's 1st Test win over the Lions in Sydney, scoring a second half try, then leaving the after match celebrations early to attend his brother's wedding.
|
2023-12-17T01:47:04Z
|
2023-12-17T01:51:14Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:ESPNscrum",
"Template:Infobox rugby biography"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Maguire_(rugby_union)
|
75,582,256 |
The Football Star
|
The Football Star (Hungarian: A csodacsatár) is a 1957 Hungarian sports comedy film directed by Márton Keleti and starring Kamill Feleki, László Ungváry and Manyi Kiss. It features a number of cameos from Ferenc Puskás and other footballers of the Hungarian national Golden Team, who had finished as runners-up at the 1954 World Cup. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Zoltán Fülöp.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Football Star (Hungarian: A csodacsatár) is a 1957 Hungarian sports comedy film directed by Márton Keleti and starring Kamill Feleki, László Ungváry and Manyi Kiss. It features a number of cameos from Ferenc Puskás and other footballers of the Hungarian national Golden Team, who had finished as runners-up at the 1954 World Cup. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Zoltán Fülöp.",
"title": ""
}
] |
The Football Star is a 1957 Hungarian sports comedy film directed by Márton Keleti and starring Kamill Feleki, László Ungváry and Manyi Kiss. It features a number of cameos from Ferenc Puskás and other footballers of the Hungarian national Golden Team, who had finished as runners-up at the 1954 World Cup. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Zoltán Fülöp.
|
2023-12-17T01:52:46Z
|
2023-12-26T23:51:12Z
|
[
"Template:Hungary-film-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Márton Keleti"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Football_Star
|
75,582,267 |
Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games – Men's 1500 metres T54
|
The men's T54 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 25 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:
All times shown are in seconds.
The results were as follows:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The men's T54 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 25 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan American Games records were as follows:",
"title": "Records"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All times shown are in seconds.",
"title": "Results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The results were as follows:",
"title": "Results"
}
] |
The men's T54 1500 metres competition of the athletics events at the 2023 Parapan American Games was held on November 25 at the Mario Recordón Athletics Training Center within the Julio Martínez National Stadium of Santiago, Chile.
|
2023-12-17T01:55:31Z
|
2023-12-29T23:05:32Z
|
[
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Gold01",
"Template:FlagIOC2",
"Template:Silver02",
"Template:Bronze03",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Infobox Parapan American Games event",
"Template:Athletics at the 2023 Parapan American Games Men",
"Template:Flagathlete",
"Template:Nowrap"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_1500_metres_T54
|
75,582,275 |
Trailer Choir discography
|
[] |
2023-12-17T01:56:59Z
|
2023-12-19T01:23:41Z
|
[] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer_Choir_discography
|
||
75,582,282 |
Berkeley Patients Group
|
The Berkeley Patients Group (BPG) is the oldest continuously operating cannabis dispensary in the United States, inaugurated in 1999 in Berkeley, California. BPG has been known not only for cannabis dispensation, but also for its involvement in advocacy campaigns for cannabis policy reforms and the rights of patients using marijuana for medical purposes, and for its involvement with the scientific community.
The BPG has been praised by successive Mayors of Berkeley Tom Bates and Jesse Arreguín and described as "embraced by local officials as a model business that donates to the poor and pays millions in taxes." In the City of Berkeley, the October 31 has been declared the "Berkeley Patients Group Day."
In 1996, voters in the State of California passed proposition 215, "allowing ill Californians to use cannabis for medical purposes with a doctor's recommendation. But Proposition 215 produced an immediate backlash with regard to implementation" leading to a slow roll-out of a system effectively allowing patients to access cannabis, and years of legal uncertainty.
Initially, AIDS patient Jim McClelland (known for coining the name Oaksterdam) had worked at the Oakland Cannabis Buyers Club. After its closure in October 1998, McClelland joined forces with Debby Goldsberry and Don Duncan to open a similar cannabis dispensary in Berkeley. On 31 October 1999, the group obtained a miscellaneous retail sales permit from authorities and opened on 5th Street in Berkeley, a city where "officials were more responsive to activists and aware of the importance of medical marijuana provision to their constituents."
McClelland died in 2001, and Duncan left BPG in 2004. Debby Goldsberry continued to operate the BPG with Etienne Fontan and others.
The group aimed to "create a safe place where underserved patients can acquire high-quality medicine in a welcoming, community-centric environment", but legislation at the time did not allow proper business operations or legal certainty for medical cannabis dispensation. On 4 November 2008, after years of advocacy for it by the three dispansaries operating at the time, voters finally approved the citizen-initiative "Measure JJ" in the City of Berkeley which, among other provisions:
Permitted medical marijuana dispensaries "as a matter of right" under the zoning ordinance rather than through a use permit subject to a public hearing.
The measure allowed the BPG to obtain a business license in 2009 and to operate as a certified B Corporation. Following the 2016 approval of Adult Use of Marijuana Act (California Proposition 64), the BPG opened its sales to non-patients in January 2018, being the first dispensary in the Bay area to obtain temporary permit.
During its decades of operations under a changing State and federal legislation, the BPG was subject to a number of raids and criminal prosecutions, some of which were publicized in the media. For instance, in 2007, during an episode of wave of letters to dispensaries' landlords, the BPG has their assets seized. In 2012, during a coordinated crackdown on California's dispensaries announced by district chief prosecutors, the BPG was forcefully evicted on the grounds that it was located 984 feet away from the French school Ecole Bilingue de Berkeley, Proposition 215 establishing a minimum of 1000 feet.
Federal prosecutions forced BPG into changes of location and of organizational practices. Initially based during a few months on 5th Street, the city forced BPG to move to 2747 San Pablo Avenue in 2000, in the commercial districts of the city. That location allowed on-site consumption, until the 2012 eviction. The BPG operated via delivery for some months, before reopening down the street at 2366 San Pablo Avenue, where BPG remained as of 2023. Federal prosecution also attempted to evict BPG from its new location on similar grounds as in 2012, threats that only extinguished in 2014 when the Rohrabacher–Farr amendment was approved by Congress.
Since its inception the group had to engage in advocacy to defend the legality of their activities. Jim McClelland was an activist close to the Cannabis Action Network, and after his death, Duncan and Goldsberry "used the dispensary as a platform for activism, mobilizing patients, and working to insure a favorable political climate for dispensaries in Berkeley."
The BPG has been known for providing cannabis free of charge for patients unable to pay.
BPG members like Debby Goldsberry were also involved in organizing some of the first "420 events" on 20 April in Berkeley. Duncan was involved in the creation of Americans for Safe Access.
Etienne Fontan has been involved in advocacy at federal level with the National Cannabis Industry Association and the Veterans Action Council. In recent years, Fontan has also been involved with Michael Krawitz and the NGOs ENCOD, FAAAT, and Fields of Green for All at the United Nations, sharing the history and experience of the BPG in conferences and statements.
In 2009, 350 patients from the BPG participated in a study on "Cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and other drugs."
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Berkeley Patients Group (BPG) is the oldest continuously operating cannabis dispensary in the United States, inaugurated in 1999 in Berkeley, California. BPG has been known not only for cannabis dispensation, but also for its involvement in advocacy campaigns for cannabis policy reforms and the rights of patients using marijuana for medical purposes, and for its involvement with the scientific community.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The BPG has been praised by successive Mayors of Berkeley Tom Bates and Jesse Arreguín and described as \"embraced by local officials as a model business that donates to the poor and pays millions in taxes.\" In the City of Berkeley, the October 31 has been declared the \"Berkeley Patients Group Day.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1996, voters in the State of California passed proposition 215, \"allowing ill Californians to use cannabis for medical purposes with a doctor's recommendation. But Proposition 215 produced an immediate backlash with regard to implementation\" leading to a slow roll-out of a system effectively allowing patients to access cannabis, and years of legal uncertainty.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Initially, AIDS patient Jim McClelland (known for coining the name Oaksterdam) had worked at the Oakland Cannabis Buyers Club. After its closure in October 1998, McClelland joined forces with Debby Goldsberry and Don Duncan to open a similar cannabis dispensary in Berkeley. On 31 October 1999, the group obtained a miscellaneous retail sales permit from authorities and opened on 5th Street in Berkeley, a city where \"officials were more responsive to activists and aware of the importance of medical marijuana provision to their constituents.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "McClelland died in 2001, and Duncan left BPG in 2004. Debby Goldsberry continued to operate the BPG with Etienne Fontan and others.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The group aimed to \"create a safe place where underserved patients can acquire high-quality medicine in a welcoming, community-centric environment\", but legislation at the time did not allow proper business operations or legal certainty for medical cannabis dispensation. On 4 November 2008, after years of advocacy for it by the three dispansaries operating at the time, voters finally approved the citizen-initiative \"Measure JJ\" in the City of Berkeley which, among other provisions:",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Permitted medical marijuana dispensaries \"as a matter of right\" under the zoning ordinance rather than through a use permit subject to a public hearing.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The measure allowed the BPG to obtain a business license in 2009 and to operate as a certified B Corporation. Following the 2016 approval of Adult Use of Marijuana Act (California Proposition 64), the BPG opened its sales to non-patients in January 2018, being the first dispensary in the Bay area to obtain temporary permit.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "During its decades of operations under a changing State and federal legislation, the BPG was subject to a number of raids and criminal prosecutions, some of which were publicized in the media. For instance, in 2007, during an episode of wave of letters to dispensaries' landlords, the BPG has their assets seized. In 2012, during a coordinated crackdown on California's dispensaries announced by district chief prosecutors, the BPG was forcefully evicted on the grounds that it was located 984 feet away from the French school Ecole Bilingue de Berkeley, Proposition 215 establishing a minimum of 1000 feet.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Federal prosecutions forced BPG into changes of location and of organizational practices. Initially based during a few months on 5th Street, the city forced BPG to move to 2747 San Pablo Avenue in 2000, in the commercial districts of the city. That location allowed on-site consumption, until the 2012 eviction. The BPG operated via delivery for some months, before reopening down the street at 2366 San Pablo Avenue, where BPG remained as of 2023. Federal prosecution also attempted to evict BPG from its new location on similar grounds as in 2012, threats that only extinguished in 2014 when the Rohrabacher–Farr amendment was approved by Congress.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Since its inception the group had to engage in advocacy to defend the legality of their activities. Jim McClelland was an activist close to the Cannabis Action Network, and after his death, Duncan and Goldsberry \"used the dispensary as a platform for activism, mobilizing patients, and working to insure a favorable political climate for dispensaries in Berkeley.\"",
"title": "Activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The BPG has been known for providing cannabis free of charge for patients unable to pay.",
"title": "Activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "BPG members like Debby Goldsberry were also involved in organizing some of the first \"420 events\" on 20 April in Berkeley. Duncan was involved in the creation of Americans for Safe Access.",
"title": "Activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Etienne Fontan has been involved in advocacy at federal level with the National Cannabis Industry Association and the Veterans Action Council. In recent years, Fontan has also been involved with Michael Krawitz and the NGOs ENCOD, FAAAT, and Fields of Green for All at the United Nations, sharing the history and experience of the BPG in conferences and statements.",
"title": "Activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In 2009, 350 patients from the BPG participated in a study on \"Cannabis as a substitute for alcohol and other drugs.\"",
"title": "Activities"
}
] |
The Berkeley Patients Group (BPG) is the oldest continuously operating cannabis dispensary in the United States, inaugurated in 1999 in Berkeley, California. BPG has been known not only for cannabis dispensation, but also for its involvement in advocacy campaigns for cannabis policy reforms and the rights of patients using marijuana for medical purposes, and for its involvement with the scientific community. The BPG has been praised by successive Mayors of Berkeley Tom Bates and Jesse Arreguín and described as "embraced by local officials as a model business that donates to the poor and pays millions in taxes." In the City of Berkeley, the October 31 has been declared the "Berkeley Patients Group Day."
|
2023-12-17T01:57:49Z
|
2023-12-30T09:25:18Z
|
[
"Template:Other uses",
"Template:Infobox company",
"Template:Empty section",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:California Marijuana",
"Template:Cannabis in the United States"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Patients_Group
|
75,582,287 |
Dans la vie...
|
Dans la vie... is a Canadian animated short film, directed by Pierre Veilleux and released in 1972. The film portrays a surreal world in which objects come to life.
It won the Canadian Film Award for Best Animated Short at the 24th Canadian Film Awards.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dans la vie... is a Canadian animated short film, directed by Pierre Veilleux and released in 1972. The film portrays a surreal world in which objects come to life.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "It won the Canadian Film Award for Best Animated Short at the 24th Canadian Film Awards.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
Dans la vie... is a Canadian animated short film, directed by Pierre Veilleux and released in 1972. The film portrays a surreal world in which objects come to life. It won the Canadian Film Award for Best Animated Short at the 24th Canadian Film Awards.
|
2023-12-17T01:59:38Z
|
2023-12-17T14:27:06Z
|
[
"Template:1970s-Canada-film-stub",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:ISBN",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:ACCT Short Films"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dans_la_vie...
|
75,582,288 |
Marlborough–Sarina Road
|
Marlborough–Sarina Road is a state-controlled district road (number 512) rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from the Bruce Highway in Marlborough, via an inland route, to the Bruce Highway in Sarina, a distance of 243 kilometres (151 mi). It was part of the Bruce Highway until 1982.
Marlborough–Sarina Road starts at an intersection with the Bruce Highway in Marlborough. It runs southwest and west as Marlborough Road through the localities of Marlborough and Mount Gardiner, where it passes the exit to Duaringa–Apis Creek Road to the south. Next it turns northwest as Marlborough–Sarina Road through Clarke Creek, where it passes the exit to May Downs Road to the southwest. Continuing northwest through Lotus Creek it passes the exit to St Lawrence–Croydon Road to the northeast. Turning north it passes through Oxford, crossing Funnel Creek as it enters Nebo.
It passes the exit to Oxford Downs–Sarina Road to the southwest before turning northeast through Nebo and into Blue Mountain, where it passes the exit to Blue Mountain Road to the northwest. Turning east it enters Sarina Range, where it passes the exit to Koumala–Bolingbroke Road to the southeast. Turning northeast it continues through Sarina Range and into Sarina, where it ends at an intersection with the Bruce Highway.
The road provides access to the rural communities along its route and on intersecting roads. It also facilitates cross traffic between the Bruce Highway, Capricorn Highway, Fitzroy Developmental Road, and Peak Downs Highway.
By 1860 a track from Gladstone to Bowen included a section from Marlborough to St Lawrence, but it ran inland from St Lawrence and did not proceed along the coast to Sarina. A likely route for the section of track from St Lawrence to Nebo is attached. A few years later a track through low-lying swampy country was established from St Lawrence to Sarina and Mackay. By the late 1800s this track had become a widely used but difficult coach road. In the 1920s motorists began using this road.
In 1940 the coast road was still in poor condition and it was decided to build a sealed inland road from Marlborough to the Sarina–Clermont Road (now the Oxford Downs–Sarina Road) near the location of Wandoo pastoral station. Progress was slow, but by 1949 a track had been cleared and some bridges built. Bitumen sealing commenced in the early 1950s. Work continued until 1962, when the bitumen seal was completed, but much of it was only to a width of 3.6 metres (12 ft). This was the first sealed road from Marlborough to Sarina and became part of the National Highway. Between 1962 and 1973 the widening of bitumen seal and narrow bridges was undertaken.
In the mid 1950s the road was used for the Round Australia Reliability Trials, where many cars suffered damage, particularly on undeveloped, rocky, low level creek crossings. This led to the press labelling the road a "Horror Stretch". In the 1960s several murders and shootings occurred along the road, further enhancing its "bad" reputation.
In 1974 it was decided that the coast road would be upgraded to highway standard to become part of the National Highway, and funding was transferred to that project. On 29 October 1982 the upgraded coast road was opened as part of the National Highway.
All distances are from Google Maps. The road is within the Livingstone, Isaac and Mackay local government areas.
The following state-controlled roads intersect with this road:
Duaringa–Apis Creek Road (Apis Creek Road) is a state-controlled district road (number 5101), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Duaringa Connection Road in Duaringa to Marlborough–Sarina Road in Mount Gardiner, a distance of 104 kilometres (65 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.
NOTE: Apis Creek is a pastoral property in the locality of Mount Gardiner.
May Downs Road is a state-controlled district road (number 5122), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Marlborough–Sarina Road in Clarke Creek to Fitzroy Developmental Road in May Downs, a distance of 69.6 kilometres (43.2 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.
St Lawrence–Croydon Road is a state-controlled district road (number 5124), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from the Bruce Highway in St Lawrence to Marlborough–Sarina Road in Lotus Creek, a distance of 44.2 kilometres (27.5 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads, but it connects at its eastern end with St Lawrence Connection Road.
NOTE: Croydon Station is a beef cattle farm in the locality of Lotus Creek.
Oxford Downs–Sarina Road is a state-controlled district road (number 514), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from the Peak Downs Highway in Strathfield to Marlborough–Sarina Road in Nebo, a distance of 27.5 kilometres (17.1 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.
NOTE: Oxford Downs Station is a beef cattle property in the locality of Nebo.
Blue Mountain Road is a state-controlled district road (number 5127), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Marlborough–Sarina Road in Blue Mountain to the Peak Downs Highway in Blue Mountain, a distance of 28.4 kilometres (17.6 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.
Koumala–Bolingbroke Road is a state-controlled district road (number 5126), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from the Bruce Highway in Koumala to Marlborough–Sarina Road in Sarina Range, a distance of 23.6 kilometres (14.7 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.
NOTE: Bolingbroke Homestead is on a pastoral property of the same name, on Bolingbroke Creek, in the locality of Koumala.
The following state-controlled roads are linked to intersecting state-controlled roads:
Duaringa Connection Road is a state-controlled district road (number 515), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Duaringa–Apis Creek Road in Duaringa to the Capricorn Highway in Duaringa, a distance of 0.85 kilometres (0.53 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.
St Lawrence Connection Road is a state-controlled district road (number 858), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from the Bruce Highway in St Lawrence to Macartney Street in St Lawrence, a distance of 6.9 kilometres (4.3 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Marlborough–Sarina Road is a state-controlled district road (number 512) rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from the Bruce Highway in Marlborough, via an inland route, to the Bruce Highway in Sarina, a distance of 243 kilometres (151 mi). It was part of the Bruce Highway until 1982.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Marlborough–Sarina Road starts at an intersection with the Bruce Highway in Marlborough. It runs southwest and west as Marlborough Road through the localities of Marlborough and Mount Gardiner, where it passes the exit to Duaringa–Apis Creek Road to the south. Next it turns northwest as Marlborough–Sarina Road through Clarke Creek, where it passes the exit to May Downs Road to the southwest. Continuing northwest through Lotus Creek it passes the exit to St Lawrence–Croydon Road to the northeast. Turning north it passes through Oxford, crossing Funnel Creek as it enters Nebo.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "It passes the exit to Oxford Downs–Sarina Road to the southwest before turning northeast through Nebo and into Blue Mountain, where it passes the exit to Blue Mountain Road to the northwest. Turning east it enters Sarina Range, where it passes the exit to Koumala–Bolingbroke Road to the southeast. Turning northeast it continues through Sarina Range and into Sarina, where it ends at an intersection with the Bruce Highway.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The road provides access to the rural communities along its route and on intersecting roads. It also facilitates cross traffic between the Bruce Highway, Capricorn Highway, Fitzroy Developmental Road, and Peak Downs Highway.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "By 1860 a track from Gladstone to Bowen included a section from Marlborough to St Lawrence, but it ran inland from St Lawrence and did not proceed along the coast to Sarina. A likely route for the section of track from St Lawrence to Nebo is attached. A few years later a track through low-lying swampy country was established from St Lawrence to Sarina and Mackay. By the late 1800s this track had become a widely used but difficult coach road. In the 1920s motorists began using this road.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 1940 the coast road was still in poor condition and it was decided to build a sealed inland road from Marlborough to the Sarina–Clermont Road (now the Oxford Downs–Sarina Road) near the location of Wandoo pastoral station. Progress was slow, but by 1949 a track had been cleared and some bridges built. Bitumen sealing commenced in the early 1950s. Work continued until 1962, when the bitumen seal was completed, but much of it was only to a width of 3.6 metres (12 ft). This was the first sealed road from Marlborough to Sarina and became part of the National Highway. Between 1962 and 1973 the widening of bitumen seal and narrow bridges was undertaken.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In the mid 1950s the road was used for the Round Australia Reliability Trials, where many cars suffered damage, particularly on undeveloped, rocky, low level creek crossings. This led to the press labelling the road a \"Horror Stretch\". In the 1960s several murders and shootings occurred along the road, further enhancing its \"bad\" reputation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 1974 it was decided that the coast road would be upgraded to highway standard to become part of the National Highway, and funding was transferred to that project. On 29 October 1982 the upgraded coast road was opened as part of the National Highway.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "All distances are from Google Maps. The road is within the Livingstone, Isaac and Mackay local government areas.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The following state-controlled roads intersect with this road:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Duaringa–Apis Creek Road (Apis Creek Road) is a state-controlled district road (number 5101), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Duaringa Connection Road in Duaringa to Marlborough–Sarina Road in Mount Gardiner, a distance of 104 kilometres (65 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "NOTE: Apis Creek is a pastoral property in the locality of Mount Gardiner.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "May Downs Road is a state-controlled district road (number 5122), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Marlborough–Sarina Road in Clarke Creek to Fitzroy Developmental Road in May Downs, a distance of 69.6 kilometres (43.2 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "St Lawrence–Croydon Road is a state-controlled district road (number 5124), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from the Bruce Highway in St Lawrence to Marlborough–Sarina Road in Lotus Creek, a distance of 44.2 kilometres (27.5 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads, but it connects at its eastern end with St Lawrence Connection Road.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "NOTE: Croydon Station is a beef cattle farm in the locality of Lotus Creek.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Oxford Downs–Sarina Road is a state-controlled district road (number 514), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from the Peak Downs Highway in Strathfield to Marlborough–Sarina Road in Nebo, a distance of 27.5 kilometres (17.1 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "NOTE: Oxford Downs Station is a beef cattle property in the locality of Nebo.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Blue Mountain Road is a state-controlled district road (number 5127), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Marlborough–Sarina Road in Blue Mountain to the Peak Downs Highway in Blue Mountain, a distance of 28.4 kilometres (17.6 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Koumala–Bolingbroke Road is a state-controlled district road (number 5126), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from the Bruce Highway in Koumala to Marlborough–Sarina Road in Sarina Range, a distance of 23.6 kilometres (14.7 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "NOTE: Bolingbroke Homestead is on a pastoral property of the same name, on Bolingbroke Creek, in the locality of Koumala.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "The following state-controlled roads are linked to intersecting state-controlled roads:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Duaringa Connection Road is a state-controlled district road (number 515), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from Duaringa–Apis Creek Road in Duaringa to the Capricorn Highway in Duaringa, a distance of 0.85 kilometres (0.53 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "St Lawrence Connection Road is a state-controlled district road (number 858), rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from the Bruce Highway in St Lawrence to Macartney Street in St Lawrence, a distance of 6.9 kilometres (4.3 mi). It has no intersections with other state-controlled roads.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Marlborough–Sarina Road is a state-controlled district road rated as a local road of regional significance (LRRS). It runs from the Bruce Highway in Marlborough, via an inland route, to the Bruce Highway in Sarina, a distance of 243 kilometres (151 mi). It was part of the Bruce Highway until 1982.
|
2023-12-17T02:00:11Z
|
2023-12-19T05:56:47Z
|
[
"Template:QLDcity",
"Template:AUSinttop",
"Template:Quote",
"Template:Cite map",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox road small",
"Template:Clear",
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"Template:Road infrastructure in Queensland",
"Template:Use Australian English",
"Template:Infobox Australian Road",
"Template:QLDint",
"Template:Jctbtm",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlborough%E2%80%93Sarina_Road
|
75,582,289 |
Family Secrets (Polish TV series)
|
Family Secrets (Polish: Gry rodzinne) is a Polish comedy drama television miniseries. It was released on Netflix on 31 August 2022.
Kaśka and Jan's wedding day turns chaotic as their families' web of secrets and lies begins to unravel.
Reviewing the series' first episode, Johnny Loftus of Decider wrote, "Family Secrets feels very contemporary with its narrative switchbacks and various tiers of love life damage. It’ll be interesting to see who’s with who and what has finally been said out loud once this wedding day ends eight episodes from now." Molly Hirsch of The Michigan Daily wrote, "While the timelines frequently shift throughout the episode, the plot remains engaging and surprisingly easy to follow. With each additional character and narrative, Family Secrets continuously builds suspense by hinting at secrets like potential affairs and unexpected relationships. As a result, the viewer can’t help but want to binge the entire eight-episode series in one sitting."
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Family Secrets (Polish: Gry rodzinne) is a Polish comedy drama television miniseries. It was released on Netflix on 31 August 2022.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Kaśka and Jan's wedding day turns chaotic as their families' web of secrets and lies begins to unravel.",
"title": "Premise"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Reviewing the series' first episode, Johnny Loftus of Decider wrote, \"Family Secrets feels very contemporary with its narrative switchbacks and various tiers of love life damage. It’ll be interesting to see who’s with who and what has finally been said out loud once this wedding day ends eight episodes from now.\" Molly Hirsch of The Michigan Daily wrote, \"While the timelines frequently shift throughout the episode, the plot remains engaging and surprisingly easy to follow. With each additional character and narrative, Family Secrets continuously builds suspense by hinting at secrets like potential affairs and unexpected relationships. As a result, the viewer can’t help but want to binge the entire eight-episode series in one sitting.\"",
"title": "Reception"
}
] |
Family Secrets is a Polish comedy drama television miniseries. It was released on Netflix on 31 August 2022.
|
2023-12-17T02:00:14Z
|
2023-12-28T23:02:41Z
|
[
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Lang-pl",
"Template:Episode table",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Portal",
"Template:Netflix original ended series (2019–present)",
"Template:Infobox television"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_Secrets_(Polish_TV_series)
|
75,582,296 |
Zvi Potashnik
|
Zvi Potashnik (Hebrew: צבי פוטשניק) is a former wheelchair basketball player for Israel.
Potashnik was born in Haifa and was among the first members of the Israel Sports Center for the Disabled, competing in wheelchair basketball, swimming and table tennis. He was a member of the national wheelchair basketball team from 1960 to 1976.
A member of the Israeli delegation to the Stoke Mandeville Games of 1962, Potashnik won silver medal in 50 meter breaststroke. At the 1968 Summer Paralympics he was a member of the gold-medal winning wheelchair basketball team.
In 1967 he was a founding member of a sports club for disabled athletes in Kiryat Sprinzak.
Potashnik married Paralympic athlete Malka Halfon.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Zvi Potashnik (Hebrew: צבי פוטשניק) is a former wheelchair basketball player for Israel.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Potashnik was born in Haifa and was among the first members of the Israel Sports Center for the Disabled, competing in wheelchair basketball, swimming and table tennis. He was a member of the national wheelchair basketball team from 1960 to 1976.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A member of the Israeli delegation to the Stoke Mandeville Games of 1962, Potashnik won silver medal in 50 meter breaststroke. At the 1968 Summer Paralympics he was a member of the gold-medal winning wheelchair basketball team.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1967 he was a founding member of a sports club for disabled athletes in Kiryat Sprinzak.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Potashnik married Paralympic athlete Malka Halfon.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Zvi Potashnik is a former wheelchair basketball player for Israel. Potashnik was born in Haifa and was among the first members of the Israel Sports Center for the Disabled, competing in wheelchair basketball, swimming and table tennis. He was a member of the national wheelchair basketball team from 1960 to 1976. A member of the Israeli delegation to the Stoke Mandeville Games of 1962, Potashnik won silver medal in 50 meter breaststroke. At the 1968 Summer Paralympics he was a member of the gold-medal winning wheelchair basketball team. In 1967 he was a founding member of a sports club for disabled athletes in Kiryat Sprinzak. Potashnik married Paralympic athlete Malka Halfon.
|
2023-12-17T02:01:36Z
|
2023-12-17T05:47:03Z
|
[
"Template:Sports links",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox sportsperson",
"Template:Lang-he",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvi_Potashnik
|
75,582,361 |
Kamill Feleki
|
Kamill Feleki (1908–1993) was a Hungarian film, stage and television actor.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Kamill Feleki (1908–1993) was a Hungarian film, stage and television actor.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Kamill Feleki (1908–1993) was a Hungarian film, stage and television actor.
|
2023-12-17T02:16:37Z
|
2024-01-01T00:40:54Z
|
[
"Template:IMDb name",
"Template:Hungary-bio-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamill_Feleki
|
75,582,373 |
The Milkman Cometh
|
The Milkman Cometh is a Canadian black comedy short film, directed by Lorne Bailey and released in 1988. The film centres on an office worker (Kelly Kyle) who becomes transfixed by the bucolic nature scene on a can of milk at the coffee machine.
The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 10th Genie Awards in 1989.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Milkman Cometh is a Canadian black comedy short film, directed by Lorne Bailey and released in 1988. The film centres on an office worker (Kelly Kyle) who becomes transfixed by the bucolic nature scene on a can of milk at the coffee machine.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 10th Genie Awards in 1989.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
The Milkman Cometh is a Canadian black comedy short film, directed by Lorne Bailey and released in 1988. The film centres on an office worker who becomes transfixed by the bucolic nature scene on a can of milk at the coffee machine. The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 10th Genie Awards in 1989.
|
2023-12-17T02:19:20Z
|
2023-12-17T02:19:20Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:1980s-Canada-film-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Milkman_Cometh
|
75,582,394 |
Ta Lok Myo
|
Ta Lok Myo is a group of four villages in Myingyan Township of Mandalay Region, Myanmar. It is located a bit east of the Irrawaddy river. There are several historical sites at Ta Lok Myo, including a couple of temple ruins dating back to the Bagan period (11th-13th centuries). The Thone Pan Hla pagoda, which is a prominent pilgrimage center, is also located here.
Ta Lok Myo is a cluster of four adjacent villages: Ta Lok Myo proper, Myo Gyi Gon, Myauk Ywa Lay, and Ye-daing. It is 3.7 km east of the Irrawaddy River. Immediately east and west of the village cluster are a couple of seasonal lakes (in-gyi), and a canal goes from the northeast corner of Myo Gyi Gon and then goes east for about 3 km before meeting the Pyusawhti Dam.
According to tradition, Ta Lok Myo existed as a cluster of four villages until the time of the Mongol invasions around 1300. Ye-daing was supposedly founded in 1300 as Than-The-Kyut.
At the turn of the 20th century, Ta Lok Myo was noted as the former headquarters of a wun. Its population as of 1895-96 was about 3,080.
The most prominent active pagoda in the area today is Thone Pan Hla, which is located at the northern edge of Myo Gyi Gon. It is a popular pilgrimage destination. No Bagan-era artifacts have been found at Thona Pan Hla, but an archaeological survey turned up some Pyu-era brick fragments at the site, which belonged to an earlier structure. Local tradition connects the pagoda to both Ashoka's distribution of Buddhist relics in the 3rd century BCE, as well as to the legendary king Pyusawhti.
At the southwest of the pagoda complex is a shed containing a collection of at least 14 stone inscriptions. The earliest one dates to 1239, and another one dated to 1294 contains a reference to the village of Ye-poke, near Sagu; Ye-poke has been noted for its Pyu-era archaeological finds. Also present is a contemporary inscription recording renovations done in 2008 and the planned construction of a Bodhigaya History Museum.
The compound also has a number of contemporary statues, including ones of Ashoka and Pyusawhti along with many later Bagan kings, including Shin Arahan. The Shin Arahan statue was donated by U Ohn Maw and Daw Than Kyi at a cost of 200,000 kyats.
The massive abandoned Lay-myet-hna temple is located some 800 m east of Thone Pan Hla and slightly to the south. It faces east and is stylistically dated to the late Bagan or early Pyinya period. There are also at least three large mounds nearby, running from north to south. Midway between Thone Pan Hla and Lay-myet-hna are the undated ruins of a roughly square walled area about 600 m on each side. At one place, this wall runs through a private residence.
Farther south is another abandoned temple, called Set-myet-hna. Located east of Ye-daing, it has 10 sides and an unusual two-story floorplan. Its long ground floor has many individual rooms, and there is also evidence that extra passageways were added at one point. The upper level has traces of four stupas at the corners, as well as the 10-faced structure at its center. The Set-myet-hna temple likely dates to the late Bagan period, with later renovations. South of Set-myet-hna is a monastery compound with a stupa and a renovated three-story structure decorated with several role of bilu (ogres). Based on stylistic grounds, this structure may date to the 12th or 13th century.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ta Lok Myo is a group of four villages in Myingyan Township of Mandalay Region, Myanmar. It is located a bit east of the Irrawaddy river. There are several historical sites at Ta Lok Myo, including a couple of temple ruins dating back to the Bagan period (11th-13th centuries). The Thone Pan Hla pagoda, which is a prominent pilgrimage center, is also located here.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ta Lok Myo is a cluster of four adjacent villages: Ta Lok Myo proper, Myo Gyi Gon, Myauk Ywa Lay, and Ye-daing. It is 3.7 km east of the Irrawaddy River. Immediately east and west of the village cluster are a couple of seasonal lakes (in-gyi), and a canal goes from the northeast corner of Myo Gyi Gon and then goes east for about 3 km before meeting the Pyusawhti Dam.",
"title": "Geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "According to tradition, Ta Lok Myo existed as a cluster of four villages until the time of the Mongol invasions around 1300. Ye-daing was supposedly founded in 1300 as Than-The-Kyut.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "At the turn of the 20th century, Ta Lok Myo was noted as the former headquarters of a wun. Its population as of 1895-96 was about 3,080.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The most prominent active pagoda in the area today is Thone Pan Hla, which is located at the northern edge of Myo Gyi Gon. It is a popular pilgrimage destination. No Bagan-era artifacts have been found at Thona Pan Hla, but an archaeological survey turned up some Pyu-era brick fragments at the site, which belonged to an earlier structure. Local tradition connects the pagoda to both Ashoka's distribution of Buddhist relics in the 3rd century BCE, as well as to the legendary king Pyusawhti.",
"title": "Thone Pan Hla pagoda"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "At the southwest of the pagoda complex is a shed containing a collection of at least 14 stone inscriptions. The earliest one dates to 1239, and another one dated to 1294 contains a reference to the village of Ye-poke, near Sagu; Ye-poke has been noted for its Pyu-era archaeological finds. Also present is a contemporary inscription recording renovations done in 2008 and the planned construction of a Bodhigaya History Museum.",
"title": "Thone Pan Hla pagoda"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The compound also has a number of contemporary statues, including ones of Ashoka and Pyusawhti along with many later Bagan kings, including Shin Arahan. The Shin Arahan statue was donated by U Ohn Maw and Daw Than Kyi at a cost of 200,000 kyats.",
"title": "Thone Pan Hla pagoda"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The massive abandoned Lay-myet-hna temple is located some 800 m east of Thone Pan Hla and slightly to the south. It faces east and is stylistically dated to the late Bagan or early Pyinya period. There are also at least three large mounds nearby, running from north to south. Midway between Thone Pan Hla and Lay-myet-hna are the undated ruins of a roughly square walled area about 600 m on each side. At one place, this wall runs through a private residence.",
"title": "Other historical sites"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Farther south is another abandoned temple, called Set-myet-hna. Located east of Ye-daing, it has 10 sides and an unusual two-story floorplan. Its long ground floor has many individual rooms, and there is also evidence that extra passageways were added at one point. The upper level has traces of four stupas at the corners, as well as the 10-faced structure at its center. The Set-myet-hna temple likely dates to the late Bagan period, with later renovations. South of Set-myet-hna is a monastery compound with a stupa and a renovated three-story structure decorated with several role of bilu (ogres). Based on stylistic grounds, this structure may date to the 12th or 13th century.",
"title": "Other historical sites"
}
] |
Ta Lok Myo is a group of four villages in Myingyan Township of Mandalay Region, Myanmar. It is located a bit east of the Irrawaddy river. There are several historical sites at Ta Lok Myo, including a couple of temple ruins dating back to the Bagan period. The Thone Pan Hla pagoda, which is a prominent pilgrimage center, is also located here.
|
2023-12-17T02:23:49Z
|
2023-12-18T20:59:19Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Mandalay Division",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox settlement",
"Template:Rp"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta_Lok_Myo
|
75,582,396 |
Jean-Paul Heider
|
Jean-Paul Gilbert Heider (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pɔl aidɛʁ]; born 13 February 1939) is a French business executive and politician who has served as a vice councilor on the Regional Council of Alsace between 1986 and 2010 and as Member of the European Parliament for the Rally for the Republic from 1993 to 1994. He currently is a coopted member of the EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jean-Paul Gilbert Heider (French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ pɔl aidɛʁ]; born 13 February 1939) is a French business executive and politician who has served as a vice councilor on the Regional Council of Alsace between 1986 and 2010 and as Member of the European Parliament for the Rally for the Republic from 1993 to 1994. He currently is a coopted member of the EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Jean-Paul Gilbert Heider is a French business executive and politician who has served as a vice councilor on the Regional Council of Alsace between 1986 and 2010 and as Member of the European Parliament for the Rally for the Republic from 1993 to 1994. He currently is a coopted member of the EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg.
|
2023-12-17T02:24:09Z
|
2023-12-26T16:23:21Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox politician",
"Template:IPA-fr",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Politician-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Heider
|
75,582,397 |
Joseph M. Wilder
|
Joseph M. Wilder (January 8, 1918 – February 10, 1990) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives.
Wilder was born in Bronson, Florida. He was a motel manager.
Wilder served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1965 to 1966.
Wilder died February 10, 1990.
Category:1918 births Category:1990 deaths Category:Democratic Party members of the Florida House of Representatives Category:20th-century American politicians
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Joseph M. Wilder (January 8, 1918 – February 10, 1990) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Wilder was born in Bronson, Florida. He was a motel manager.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Wilder served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1965 to 1966.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Wilder died February 10, 1990.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Category:1918 births Category:1990 deaths Category:Democratic Party members of the Florida House of Representatives Category:20th-century American politicians",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
Joseph M. Wilder was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives.
|
2023-12-17T02:24:10Z
|
2023-12-17T14:27:24Z
|
[
"Template:Draft topics",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Florida-politician-stub",
"Template:Open access",
"Template:Citation",
"Template:Findagrave",
"Template:AFC submission",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:AfC topic",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Cite news"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_M._Wilder
|
75,582,414 |
László Ungváry
|
László Ungváry (1911–1982) was a Hungarian film, stage and television actor.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "László Ungváry (1911–1982) was a Hungarian film, stage and television actor.",
"title": ""
}
] |
László Ungváry (1911–1982) was a Hungarian film, stage and television actor.
|
2023-12-17T02:26:06Z
|
2023-12-21T13:45:28Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb name",
"Template:Hungary-bio-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox person"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Ungv%C3%A1ry
|
75,582,424 |
Valentyn Boryskin
|
Valentyn Danylovych Boryskin (Ukrainian: Валентин Данилович Борискін; 6 February 1942 - 8 January 2013), was a Russian-born Ukrainian army officer who was the commander of the Kyiv Military District in post independent Ukraine in 1992.
He was the first head of the Academy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine form 1992 to 1997.
He was the andidate of Military Sciences. He was a lecturer. He was an honorary member of the Military Intelligence Veterans Fund of Ukraine.
Valentyn Boryskin was born in Ozreki, Ryazan Oblast on 6 February 1942.
His father, Danil Nikitovich, a mathematics teacher, volunteered for the front in 1941, commanded a mortar battery and died at the front (according to some sources, a month after the birth of his son, according to others, in the spring of 1943.)
After graduating from high school, Boryskin worked for some time as a physical education and military teacher in a high school.
From 1961 to 1963, he served in tank troops in the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany.
In 1966, he graduated from the Kharkiv Guards Tank School. After graduating from the school he held the positions of tank platoon commander and tank company commander in the GSVG.
In 1968, he took part in Operation Danube in Czechoslovakia. He served in the positions of tank platoon commander, tank company commander, deputy unit commander, unit commander.
From 1970 to 1973 he studied at the Military Academy of Armored Forces named after R. Ya. Malinovsky, was a Suvorov scholarship recipient, and graduated from the academy with a gold medal.
From 1973 to 1979, he served in the Belarusian Military District as the deputy commander and commander of the motorized rifle regiment, deputy commander of the 120th Hv.msd.
From 1979 to 1983, he was the commander of the 19th Guards Tank Division of the Southern Army Group.
In 1983, Boriskin was awarded the rank of major general. After graduating from the Academy of the General Staff that same year, he was appointed to the post of Chief of Staff — First Deputy Commander of the Army of the Baltic Military District, and was sent to the 11th Combined Arms Army of the Baltic Military District as chief of staff.
He was a participant in the liquidation of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. From May 1988 to July 1989, he was the commander of the 6th Guards Tank Army of the Kyiv Military District.
From July 1989 to December 1991, he was the Chief of Staff of the Kyiv Military District.
In January 1992, Boryskin has been appointed the commander of the Kyiv Military District in post-indpenedent Ukraine.
In November 1992, he was the head of the Academy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. He left that position in January 1997. Since 1998, he had been a professor at the Department of Intelligence at the National Defense Academy of Ukraine.
He died on 8 January 2013 in Kyiv. He was buried on January 11 at the Baikovo cemetery.
He had two sons, Yuriy (1960-2021) and Oleksandr.
Yuriy graduated from the Fruzne Military Academy in 1991, and has served in the Ukrainian army, with honors.He died in the hospital of COVID-19 in November 2021. He was married, and had a daughter and a son. Oleksandr, who is a lieutenant colonel, serving in the troops of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Valentyn Danylovych Boryskin (Ukrainian: Валентин Данилович Борискін; 6 February 1942 - 8 January 2013), was a Russian-born Ukrainian army officer who was the commander of the Kyiv Military District in post independent Ukraine in 1992.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He was the first head of the Academy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine form 1992 to 1997.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He was the andidate of Military Sciences. He was a lecturer. He was an honorary member of the Military Intelligence Veterans Fund of Ukraine.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Valentyn Boryskin was born in Ozreki, Ryazan Oblast on 6 February 1942.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "His father, Danil Nikitovich, a mathematics teacher, volunteered for the front in 1941, commanded a mortar battery and died at the front (according to some sources, a month after the birth of his son, according to others, in the spring of 1943.)",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "After graduating from high school, Boryskin worked for some time as a physical education and military teacher in a high school.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "From 1961 to 1963, he served in tank troops in the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 1966, he graduated from the Kharkiv Guards Tank School. After graduating from the school he held the positions of tank platoon commander and tank company commander in the GSVG.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In 1968, he took part in Operation Danube in Czechoslovakia. He served in the positions of tank platoon commander, tank company commander, deputy unit commander, unit commander.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "From 1970 to 1973 he studied at the Military Academy of Armored Forces named after R. Ya. Malinovsky, was a Suvorov scholarship recipient, and graduated from the academy with a gold medal.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "From 1973 to 1979, he served in the Belarusian Military District as the deputy commander and commander of the motorized rifle regiment, deputy commander of the 120th Hv.msd.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "From 1979 to 1983, he was the commander of the 19th Guards Tank Division of the Southern Army Group.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In 1983, Boriskin was awarded the rank of major general. After graduating from the Academy of the General Staff that same year, he was appointed to the post of Chief of Staff — First Deputy Commander of the Army of the Baltic Military District, and was sent to the 11th Combined Arms Army of the Baltic Military District as chief of staff.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "He was a participant in the liquidation of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. From May 1988 to July 1989, he was the commander of the 6th Guards Tank Army of the Kyiv Military District.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "From July 1989 to December 1991, he was the Chief of Staff of the Kyiv Military District.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In January 1992, Boryskin has been appointed the commander of the Kyiv Military District in post-indpenedent Ukraine.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In November 1992, he was the head of the Academy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. He left that position in January 1997. Since 1998, he had been a professor at the Department of Intelligence at the National Defense Academy of Ukraine.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "He died on 8 January 2013 in Kyiv. He was buried on January 11 at the Baikovo cemetery.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "He had two sons, Yuriy (1960-2021) and Oleksandr.",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Yuriy graduated from the Fruzne Military Academy in 1991, and has served in the Ukrainian army, with honors.He died in the hospital of COVID-19 in November 2021. He was married, and had a daughter and a son. Oleksandr, who is a lieutenant colonel, serving in the troops of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine.",
"title": "Family"
}
] |
Valentyn Danylovych Boryskin, was a Russian-born Ukrainian army officer who was the commander of the Kyiv Military District in post independent Ukraine in 1992. He was the first head of the Academy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine form 1992 to 1997. He was the andidate of Military Sciences. He was a lecturer. He was an honorary member of the Military Intelligence Veterans Fund of Ukraine.
|
2023-12-17T02:27:32Z
|
2023-12-24T23:59:38Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox military person"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentyn_Boryskin
|
75,582,450 |
Black & White Town
|
Black & White Town is the sixth studio album by Australian artist Perry Keyes, released in November 2023.
Many of the songs for the album were older. The title track had been played live "for the best part of thirty-odd years" and most were decades old. Keyes had been recording another album when he was awarded a grant from the Australia Council to record an album with songs set in Waterloo. Long time guitarist, Ed Kairouz, had encouraged Keyes to use previously unrecorded songs going back to his days in the Stolen Holdens. Keyes said, "These are stories of displacement, anarchy, homelessness and of people trying to hang onto each other in the face of what’s happening on the hard streets of the inner-city right now."
The album was recorded relatively quickly, with Kairouz joining Keyes on guitar and producer Michael Carpenter playing bass, drums and keyboards. Keyes said he wanted the album to have an End of the Century, Phil Spector big sound.
The song "Last Night in Redfern Park" had been written was Keyes was 17. He said that up until that point he has been writing songs that were, "derivative, generic stuff trying to sound like the Ramones or trying to sound like bloody Lou Reed". With lyrics from things he observed on a bus trip though Sydney, it was the first time he realised he wanted to write about the place he grew up.
"Fence" references the death of 17-year-old TJ Hickey who was killed when he was impaled on a fence in Waterloo. Riding his bike, he was being followed by police at the time. His death inspired the 2004 Redfern riots.
The Australian's Mark Mordue wrote, "I am simply amazed Keyes can come out swinging again on Black & White Town like his life depended on it. Opener "Last Night in Redfern Park" goes off like a hybrid of Elvis Costello and the Clash, riffing off jump-cut images of junkies, punks, drunks and kids in trouble. Like all great writers, Keyes watches closely, and keeps in mind his songs might actually reach the ears of those he writes about."
Bernard Zuel named it one of his albums of the year, calling it, "The inner life of the inner ‘burbs, punched up with brass & verve". Post to Wire said, "Keyes is a poet as much as a musician and singer. His words describe vivid and moving scenes and vignettes. He doesn't attempt to paint a rosy picture, instead he sharpens his lens, takes off the filter and zooms in. In his own words. Keyes sets a lofty standard out of the gate and not unexpectedly he more than matches it across the nine songs that follow."
All songs written by Perry Keyes.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Black & White Town is the sixth studio album by Australian artist Perry Keyes, released in November 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Many of the songs for the album were older. The title track had been played live \"for the best part of thirty-odd years\" and most were decades old. Keyes had been recording another album when he was awarded a grant from the Australia Council to record an album with songs set in Waterloo. Long time guitarist, Ed Kairouz, had encouraged Keyes to use previously unrecorded songs going back to his days in the Stolen Holdens. Keyes said, \"These are stories of displacement, anarchy, homelessness and of people trying to hang onto each other in the face of what’s happening on the hard streets of the inner-city right now.\"",
"title": "Details"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The album was recorded relatively quickly, with Kairouz joining Keyes on guitar and producer Michael Carpenter playing bass, drums and keyboards. Keyes said he wanted the album to have an End of the Century, Phil Spector big sound.",
"title": "Details"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The song \"Last Night in Redfern Park\" had been written was Keyes was 17. He said that up until that point he has been writing songs that were, \"derivative, generic stuff trying to sound like the Ramones or trying to sound like bloody Lou Reed\". With lyrics from things he observed on a bus trip though Sydney, it was the first time he realised he wanted to write about the place he grew up.",
"title": "Details"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "\"Fence\" references the death of 17-year-old TJ Hickey who was killed when he was impaled on a fence in Waterloo. Riding his bike, he was being followed by police at the time. His death inspired the 2004 Redfern riots.",
"title": "Details"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The Australian's Mark Mordue wrote, \"I am simply amazed Keyes can come out swinging again on Black & White Town like his life depended on it. Opener \"Last Night in Redfern Park\" goes off like a hybrid of Elvis Costello and the Clash, riffing off jump-cut images of junkies, punks, drunks and kids in trouble. Like all great writers, Keyes watches closely, and keeps in mind his songs might actually reach the ears of those he writes about.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Bernard Zuel named it one of his albums of the year, calling it, \"The inner life of the inner ‘burbs, punched up with brass & verve\". Post to Wire said, \"Keyes is a poet as much as a musician and singer. His words describe vivid and moving scenes and vignettes. He doesn't attempt to paint a rosy picture, instead he sharpens his lens, takes off the filter and zooms in. In his own words. Keyes sets a lofty standard out of the gate and not unexpectedly he more than matches it across the nine songs that follow.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "All songs written by Perry Keyes.",
"title": "Track listing"
}
] |
Black & White Town is the sixth studio album by Australian artist Perry Keyes, released in November 2023.
|
2023-12-17T02:31:54Z
|
2023-12-18T09:26:09Z
|
[
"Template:Subscription required",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:About",
"Template:Infobox album",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_%26_White_Town
|
75,582,455 |
Alexis Ringwald
|
Alexis Ringwald is a Fulbright Scholar and one of the founders of both the Valence Energy and LearnUp corporation. She was twice a member of Forbes 30 under 30 for having founded the two companies. She was 2010's Most Influential Women in Technology by Fast Company magazine.
Ringwald graduated from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Science (F&ES) (which is presently the Yale School of the Environment) in 2006 with a dual BA and MEM (Masters in Environment Management) degree in environmental management. After graduating, her book Momentum for Renewable Energy in India (2008) was published. She later became the co-founder of Valence Energy, a company that produces energy management software and that was later sold to Serious Energy.
She later was chairman and co-founder with Kenny Ma of LearnUp, a career management platform for entry-level workers. In 2015, the company was funded in a Series A transaction with venture capital firms Floodgate, Greylock Partners, High Line Ventures Partners, and Shasta Ventures. In the same year, the company was the 2015 Technology Pioneer by the World Economic Forum. The company was later acquired by Manpower Group in 2017.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Alexis Ringwald is a Fulbright Scholar and one of the founders of both the Valence Energy and LearnUp corporation. She was twice a member of Forbes 30 under 30 for having founded the two companies. She was 2010's Most Influential Women in Technology by Fast Company magazine.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ringwald graduated from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Science (F&ES) (which is presently the Yale School of the Environment) in 2006 with a dual BA and MEM (Masters in Environment Management) degree in environmental management. After graduating, her book Momentum for Renewable Energy in India (2008) was published. She later became the co-founder of Valence Energy, a company that produces energy management software and that was later sold to Serious Energy.",
"title": "Education and early career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She later was chairman and co-founder with Kenny Ma of LearnUp, a career management platform for entry-level workers. In 2015, the company was funded in a Series A transaction with venture capital firms Floodgate, Greylock Partners, High Line Ventures Partners, and Shasta Ventures. In the same year, the company was the 2015 Technology Pioneer by the World Economic Forum. The company was later acquired by Manpower Group in 2017.",
"title": "LearnUp"
}
] |
Alexis Ringwald is a Fulbright Scholar and one of the founders of both the Valence Energy and LearnUp corporation. She was twice a member of Forbes 30 under 30 for having founded the two companies. She was 2010's Most Influential Women in Technology by Fast Company magazine.
|
2023-12-17T02:32:29Z
|
2023-12-24T00:04:50Z
|
[
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Ringwald
|
75,582,465 |
Acura Niuqila
|
Acura Sabaria Niuqila (born 31 January 1961) is a Fijian-born former rugby union international who represented both Fiji and Australia during the 1980s.
Born in Wainibokasi, Niuqila was educated at Suva's Lami High School and played for Nakelo. He gained 15 caps for Fiji between 1983 and 1986, mostly playing in the fly half position.
Niuqila, after joining Sydney club Randwick in 1986, earned a Wallabies call up for the 1988 tour of Europe. Used by Australia as a winger, he debuted against Scotland at Murrayfield, then in his second Test appearances scored a hat-trick of tries in a resounding win over Italy. He was capped by the Wallabies the final time in the 1st Test of the 1989 British Lions tour.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Acura Sabaria Niuqila (born 31 January 1961) is a Fijian-born former rugby union international who represented both Fiji and Australia during the 1980s.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Wainibokasi, Niuqila was educated at Suva's Lami High School and played for Nakelo. He gained 15 caps for Fiji between 1983 and 1986, mostly playing in the fly half position.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Niuqila, after joining Sydney club Randwick in 1986, earned a Wallabies call up for the 1988 tour of Europe. Used by Australia as a winger, he debuted against Scotland at Murrayfield, then in his second Test appearances scored a hat-trick of tries in a resounding win over Italy. He was capped by the Wallabies the final time in the 1st Test of the 1989 British Lions tour.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Acura Sabaria Niuqila is a Fijian-born former rugby union international who represented both Fiji and Australia during the 1980s. Born in Wainibokasi, Niuqila was educated at Suva's Lami High School and played for Nakelo. He gained 15 caps for Fiji between 1983 and 1986, mostly playing in the fly half position. Niuqila, after joining Sydney club Randwick in 1986, earned a Wallabies call up for the 1988 tour of Europe. Used by Australia as a winger, he debuted against Scotland at Murrayfield, then in his second Test appearances scored a hat-trick of tries in a resounding win over Italy. He was capped by the Wallabies the final time in the 1st Test of the 1989 British Lions tour.
|
2023-12-17T02:35:04Z
|
2023-12-17T02:40:24Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox rugby biography",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:ESPNscrum"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acura_Niuqila
|
75,582,475 |
Theory of the Partisan
|
Theory of the Partisan: Intermediate Commentary on the Concept of the Political (German: Theorie des Partisanen. Zwischenbemerkung zum Begriff des Politischen) is a 1963 book by the German writer Carl Schmitt. It is based on two lectures Schmitt held in Spain in 1962 and covers military history, political philosophy and the legal and administrative aspects of partisanship. Schmitt intended it as a concretisation and update for the post-war period of his thesis from The Concept of the Political (1932).
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Theory of the Partisan: Intermediate Commentary on the Concept of the Political (German: Theorie des Partisanen. Zwischenbemerkung zum Begriff des Politischen) is a 1963 book by the German writer Carl Schmitt. It is based on two lectures Schmitt held in Spain in 1962 and covers military history, political philosophy and the legal and administrative aspects of partisanship. Schmitt intended it as a concretisation and update for the post-war period of his thesis from The Concept of the Political (1932).",
"title": ""
}
] |
Theory of the Partisan: Intermediate Commentary on the Concept of the Political is a 1963 book by the German writer Carl Schmitt. It is based on two lectures Schmitt held in Spain in 1962 and covers military history, political philosophy and the legal and administrative aspects of partisanship. Schmitt intended it as a concretisation and update for the post-war period of his thesis from The Concept of the Political (1932).
|
2023-12-17T02:36:34Z
|
2023-12-17T03:31:07Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox book",
"Template:Lang-de",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_the_Partisan
|
75,582,497 |
John Grannis
|
[] |
2023-12-17T02:40:37Z
|
2023-12-17T15:10:55Z
|
[
"Template:Use mdy dates",
"Template:Infobox Officeholder",
"Template:Use Canadian English"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Grannis
|
||
75,582,508 |
You Are the Song
|
You Are the Song (Hungarian: Te vagy a dal) is a 1940 Hungarian drama film directed by Endre Rodríguez and starring János Sárdy, Imre Toronyi and Piroska Vaszary. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director József Simoncsics.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "You Are the Song (Hungarian: Te vagy a dal) is a 1940 Hungarian drama film directed by Endre Rodríguez and starring János Sárdy, Imre Toronyi and Piroska Vaszary. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director József Simoncsics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
You Are the Song is a 1940 Hungarian drama film directed by Endre Rodríguez and starring János Sárdy, Imre Toronyi and Piroska Vaszary. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director József Simoncsics.
|
2023-12-17T02:42:54Z
|
2023-12-21T17:07:10Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Hungary-film-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Are_the_Song
|
75,582,512 |
Lokesh (disambiguation)
|
Template:Dismbig
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Template:Dismbig",
"title": ""
}
] |
Lokesh Kanagaraj Indian film director
Lokesh Indian actor
Nara Lokesh Indian politician Template:Dismbig
|
2023-12-17T02:43:24Z
|
2023-12-17T02:45:25Z
|
[
"Template:Dismbig"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokesh_(disambiguation)
|
75,582,515 |
Mary Kollock
|
Mary Kollock (August 20, 1832 – January 12, 1911) was an American landscape painter.
Mary Kollock was born on August 20, 1832 in Norfolk, Virginia, the daughter of Rev. Shepard Kosciuszko Kollock and Sarah Harris Kollock.
She studied art at the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts under Robert Wylie, then moved to New York City and studied at the National Academy of Design and the Art Students' League and under John B. Bristol and A. H. Wyant. She went to Paris and studied at the Académie Julian, then opened a studio there and studied under Paul-Louis Delance, Callot, and Lewis Deschamps. From 1895 to 1897, she was head of the art department at St. Helen's Hall, a school in Portland, Oregon. She exhibited her work regularly, including at the Centennial Exposition
Mary Kollock died on 12 January 1911 in New York City.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mary Kollock (August 20, 1832 – January 12, 1911) was an American landscape painter.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Mary Kollock was born on August 20, 1832 in Norfolk, Virginia, the daughter of Rev. Shepard Kosciuszko Kollock and Sarah Harris Kollock.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She studied art at the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts under Robert Wylie, then moved to New York City and studied at the National Academy of Design and the Art Students' League and under John B. Bristol and A. H. Wyant. She went to Paris and studied at the Académie Julian, then opened a studio there and studied under Paul-Louis Delance, Callot, and Lewis Deschamps. From 1895 to 1897, she was head of the art department at St. Helen's Hall, a school in Portland, Oregon. She exhibited her work regularly, including at the Centennial Exposition",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Mary Kollock died on 12 January 1911 in New York City.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] |
Mary Kollock was an American landscape painter. Mary Kollock was born on August 20, 1832 in Norfolk, Virginia, the daughter of Rev. Shepard Kosciuszko Kollock and Sarah Harris Kollock. She studied art at the Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts under Robert Wylie, then moved to New York City and studied at the National Academy of Design and the Art Students' League and under John B. Bristol and A. H. Wyant. She went to Paris and studied at the Académie Julian, then opened a studio there and studied under Paul-Louis Delance, Callot, and Lewis Deschamps. From 1895 to 1897, she was head of the art department at St. Helen's Hall, a school in Portland, Oregon. She exhibited her work regularly, including at the Centennial Exposition Mary Kollock died on 12 January 1911 in New York City.
|
2023-12-17T02:43:31Z
|
2023-12-17T03:13:20Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Infobox person/Wikidata",
"Template:Date",
"Template:Fdate"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Kollock
|
75,582,565 |
The Box of Sun
|
The Box of Sun (French: La boîte à soleil) is a Canadian film, directed by Jean Pierre Lefebvre and released in 1988. Told without dialogue, the film is set in a surreal fantasy world in which the sun has been blocked from the sky, but a group of children have access to a source of light hidden in the forest; it stars Arsinée Khanjian as a young woman who seeks out the children for their help in reviving her lover (Atom Egoyan).
The film premiered at the 1988 Festival of Festivals.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Box of Sun (French: La boîte à soleil) is a Canadian film, directed by Jean Pierre Lefebvre and released in 1988. Told without dialogue, the film is set in a surreal fantasy world in which the sun has been blocked from the sky, but a group of children have access to a source of light hidden in the forest; it stars Arsinée Khanjian as a young woman who seeks out the children for their help in reviving her lover (Atom Egoyan).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The film premiered at the 1988 Festival of Festivals.",
"title": ""
}
] |
The Box of Sun is a Canadian film, directed by Jean Pierre Lefebvre and released in 1988. Told without dialogue, the film is set in a surreal fantasy world in which the sun has been blocked from the sky, but a group of children have access to a source of light hidden in the forest; it stars Arsinée Khanjian as a young woman who seeks out the children for their help in reviving her lover. The film premiered at the 1988 Festival of Festivals.
|
2023-12-17T02:52:46Z
|
2023-12-17T02:52:46Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Lang-fr",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:ISBN",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Jean Pierre Lefebvre",
"Template:1980s-Canada-film-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Box_of_Sun
|
75,582,599 |
Rangkarmi
|
Rangkarmi is a 2013 Indian Marathi-language directed by Sanjeev Kolte. Amol Kolhe, Sheetal Dabholkar, Sharmishtha Raut and Mohan Joshi in lead role, produced by Shashi Mittal and Sumit H Mittal. It was theatrically released on 27th December 2013.
Various talented artists working in the Marathi theatre and film industry realise that an artist's real essence lies in honoring their work and connections with their colleagues.
On 7 July 2013, principal photography started, Filming was completed on 28 October 2013.
A reviewers of Loksatta wrote "It is true that the director has shown this humor very well. Tragedy of the artist cannot rise to a height. May not achieve expected results". Saumitra Pote from Maharashtra Times says "this movie is a good effort. The actors also support the director well. If more attention is paid to the writing, we can expect more good works from this team in the coming time". A reviewer of Divya Marathi wrote "The slow pace in the second half makes the story boring. Still, if you want to know the exact difference between the world of film and reality, there is no problem for a colorist to climb the steps of the theater".
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Rangkarmi is a 2013 Indian Marathi-language directed by Sanjeev Kolte. Amol Kolhe, Sheetal Dabholkar, Sharmishtha Raut and Mohan Joshi in lead role, produced by Shashi Mittal and Sumit H Mittal. It was theatrically released on 27th December 2013.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Various talented artists working in the Marathi theatre and film industry realise that an artist's real essence lies in honoring their work and connections with their colleagues.",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 7 July 2013, principal photography started, Filming was completed on 28 October 2013.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "A reviewers of Loksatta wrote \"It is true that the director has shown this humor very well. Tragedy of the artist cannot rise to a height. May not achieve expected results\". Saumitra Pote from Maharashtra Times says \"this movie is a good effort. The actors also support the director well. If more attention is paid to the writing, we can expect more good works from this team in the coming time\". A reviewer of Divya Marathi wrote \"The slow pace in the second half makes the story boring. Still, if you want to know the exact difference between the world of film and reality, there is no problem for a colorist to climb the steps of the theater\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] |
Rangkarmi is a 2013 Indian Marathi-language directed by Sanjeev Kolte. Amol Kolhe, Sheetal Dabholkar, Sharmishtha Raut and Mohan Joshi in lead role, produced by Shashi Mittal and Sumit H Mittal. It was theatrically released on 27th December 2013.
|
2023-12-17T02:56:25Z
|
2023-12-19T15:03:44Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Infobox film"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangkarmi
|
75,582,626 |
CMK (disambiguation)
|
CMK may refer to:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "CMK may refer to:",
"title": ""
}
] |
CMK may refer to: Central Milton Keynes, the central business district of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England
Centralna Magistrala Kolejowa, a long railway line in Poland
cmk, an extinct Chemakum language once spoken by the Chemakum
Croron Mein Khel, a Pakistani gameshow aired on BOL Entertainment
Crabbet/Maynesboro/Kellogg, a label for specific lines of "Domestic" or "American-bred" Arabian horses
CMK, the former ICAO code for Chernomor-Avia, a charter airline based in Sochi, Russia
|
2023-12-17T02:59:37Z
|
2023-12-17T03:01:21Z
|
[
"Template:Disambig"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMK_(disambiguation)
|
75,582,671 |
New Zealand rail maintenance equipment
|
Various rail operators in New Zealand have used (and continue to use) rail maintenance equipment, such as ballast equalizers, tamping machines, work trains and overhead inspection carriages, to inspect, assess and maintain various components of the rail corridor.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Various rail operators in New Zealand have used (and continue to use) rail maintenance equipment, such as ballast equalizers, tamping machines, work trains and overhead inspection carriages, to inspect, assess and maintain various components of the rail corridor.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Various rail operators in New Zealand have used rail maintenance equipment, such as ballast equalizers, tamping machines, work trains and overhead inspection carriages, to inspect, assess and maintain various components of the rail corridor.
|
2023-12-17T03:05:12Z
|
2023-12-31T22:04:13Z
|
[
"Template:Merge from",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox Train",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Refbegin",
"Template:NZR Locomotives"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_rail_maintenance_equipment
|
75,582,686 |
Gymnosphaera olivacea
|
Gymnosphaera olivacea is a species of tree fern endemic to eastern New Guinea.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gymnosphaera olivacea is a species of tree fern endemic to eastern New Guinea.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Gymnosphaera olivacea is a species of tree fern endemic to eastern New Guinea.
|
2023-12-17T03:07:37Z
|
2023-12-25T15:13:46Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Speciesbox",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Taxonbar"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnosphaera_olivacea
|
75,582,722 |
Endre Rodríguez
|
Endre Rodríguez (1899–1975) was a Hungarian screenwriter and film director. After service in the Austro-Hungarian Army during the First World War, he became a professional stage actor. During the silent era he first became interested in film, and emerged as a prominent director during the late 1930s and wartime Hungary. After 1944 he made educational and documentary films, and fled abroad after the failed Hungarian Revolution of 1956, settling in Munich in West Germany.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Endre Rodríguez (1899–1975) was a Hungarian screenwriter and film director. After service in the Austro-Hungarian Army during the First World War, he became a professional stage actor. During the silent era he first became interested in film, and emerged as a prominent director during the late 1930s and wartime Hungary. After 1944 he made educational and documentary films, and fled abroad after the failed Hungarian Revolution of 1956, settling in Munich in West Germany.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Endre Rodríguez (1899–1975) was a Hungarian screenwriter and film director. After service in the Austro-Hungarian Army during the First World War, he became a professional stage actor. During the silent era he first became interested in film, and emerged as a prominent director during the late 1930s and wartime Hungary. After 1944 he made educational and documentary films, and fled abroad after the failed Hungarian Revolution of 1956, settling in Munich in West Germany.
|
2023-12-17T03:11:43Z
|
2023-12-29T03:35:47Z
|
[
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb name",
"Template:Hungary-bio-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox person"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endre_Rodr%C3%ADguez
|
75,582,757 |
Order of Agostinho Neto
|
The Order of Agostinho Neto (Portuguese: Ordem de Agostinho Neto), also known as the Dr António Agostinho Neto Order is a state award of Angola, established on 12 May 1990. From its establishment, the order was the highest state award, but in 2004 it took second position with the establishment of Order of the National Hero.
Among those awarded are:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Order of Agostinho Neto (Portuguese: Ordem de Agostinho Neto), also known as the Dr António Agostinho Neto Order is a state award of Angola, established on 12 May 1990. From its establishment, the order was the highest state award, but in 2004 it took second position with the establishment of Order of the National Hero.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Among those awarded are:",
"title": "List of recipients"
}
] |
The Order of Agostinho Neto, also known as the Dr António Agostinho Neto Order is a state award of Angola, established on 12 May 1990. From its establishment, the order was the highest state award, but in 2004 it took second position with the establishment of Order of the National Hero.
|
2023-12-17T03:17:47Z
|
2023-12-22T00:39:23Z
|
[
"Template:Lang-pt",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox order"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Agostinho_Neto
|
75,582,761 |
2000 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team
|
The 2000 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference ("ACC") teams for the 2000 college football season. Selectors in 2000 included the Associated Press (AP).
AP = Associated Press
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2000 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference (\"ACC\") teams for the 2000 college football season. Selectors in 2000 included the Associated Press (AP).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "AP = Associated Press",
"title": "Key"
}
] |
The 2000 All-Atlantic Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various selectors for their All-Atlantic Coast Conference ("ACC") teams for the 2000 college football season. Selectors in 2000 included the Associated Press (AP).
|
2023-12-17T03:18:24Z
|
2023-12-17T03:18:24Z
|
[
"Template:Use mdy dates",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:All-Atlantic Coast Conference football teams"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_All-Atlantic_Coast_Conference_football_team
|
75,582,802 |
MLW Azteca Lucha
|
MLW Azteca Lucha is an upcoming professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which will take place on May 11, 2024, at the Cicero Stadium in Cicero, Illinois. It will be the third event under the MLW Azteca chronology and stream live on Triller TV, with additional matches being taped for future episodes of MLW Fusion.
MLW Azteca is an annual professional wrestling event produced by Major League Wrestling. The concept of the event is based on story elements from the defunct Lucha Libre promotion and former television drama, Lucha Underground. On December 12, 2023, MLW announced that it would be holding MLW Azteca Lucha on May 11, 2024, at the Cicero Stadium in Cicero, Illinois.
The card will consist of matches that result from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers. Storylines are played out on MLW Fusion, and the league's social media platforms.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "MLW Azteca Lucha is an upcoming professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which will take place on May 11, 2024, at the Cicero Stadium in Cicero, Illinois. It will be the third event under the MLW Azteca chronology and stream live on Triller TV, with additional matches being taped for future episodes of MLW Fusion.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "MLW Azteca is an annual professional wrestling event produced by Major League Wrestling. The concept of the event is based on story elements from the defunct Lucha Libre promotion and former television drama, Lucha Underground. On December 12, 2023, MLW announced that it would be holding MLW Azteca Lucha on May 11, 2024, at the Cicero Stadium in Cicero, Illinois.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The card will consist of matches that result from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers. Storylines are played out on MLW Fusion, and the league's social media platforms.",
"title": "Production"
}
] |
MLW Azteca Lucha is an upcoming professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which will take place on May 11, 2024, at the Cicero Stadium in Cicero, Illinois. It will be the third event under the MLW Azteca chronology and stream live on Triller TV, with additional matches being taped for future episodes of MLW Fusion.
|
2023-12-17T03:24:44Z
|
2023-12-31T07:21:13Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox wrestling event",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:MLWPPV"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLW_Azteca_Lucha
|
75,582,807 |
For Whom the Larks Sing
|
For Whom the Larks Sing (Hungarian: Akiket a pacsirta elkísér) is a 1959 Hungarian drama film directed by László Ranódy and starring Géza Tordy, Klári Tolnay, Erzsi Somogyi and Antal Páger. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director József Romvári. It was screened at the 1959 Venice Film Festival.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "For Whom the Larks Sing (Hungarian: Akiket a pacsirta elkísér) is a 1959 Hungarian drama film directed by László Ranódy and starring Géza Tordy, Klári Tolnay, Erzsi Somogyi and Antal Páger. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director József Romvári. It was screened at the 1959 Venice Film Festival.",
"title": ""
}
] |
For Whom the Larks Sing is a 1959 Hungarian drama film directed by László Ranódy and starring Géza Tordy, Klári Tolnay, Erzsi Somogyi and Antal Páger. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director József Romvári. It was screened at the 1959 Venice Film Festival.
|
2023-12-17T03:25:25Z
|
2023-12-23T18:22:22Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Hungary-film-stub"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Whom_the_Larks_Sing
|
75,582,822 |
2022–23 UC AlbinoLeffe season
|
The 2022–23 season was UC AlbinoLeffe's 25th season in existence and fourth consecutive season in the Serie C. They also competed in the Coppa Italia Serie C.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Win Draw Loss
Source: Soccerway
Source: Worldfootball
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2022–23 season was UC AlbinoLeffe's 25th season in existence and fourth consecutive season in the Serie C. They also competed in the Coppa Italia Serie C.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Win Draw Loss",
"title": "Pre-season and friendlies"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Source: Soccerway",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Source: Worldfootball",
"title": "Competitions"
}
] |
The 2022–23 season was UC AlbinoLeffe's 25th season in existence and fourth consecutive season in the Serie C. They also competed in the Coppa Italia Serie C.
|
2023-12-17T03:26:33Z
|
2023-12-30T03:56:05Z
|
[
"Template:Fb rs",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Updated",
"Template:Fs player",
"Template:Fs mid",
"Template:Fb overview2",
"Template:Main",
"Template:Infobox football club season",
"Template:Fs end",
"Template:Legend2",
"Template:Football box collapsible",
"Template:Fb rs footer",
"Template:2022–23 in Italian football",
"Template:Fs start",
"Template:2022–23 Serie C Group A table",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Official website"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_UC_AlbinoLeffe_season
|
75,582,827 |
2024 in Curaçao
|
Events in the year 2024 in Curaçao.
Source:
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Events in the year 2024 in Curaçao.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Holidays"
}
] |
Events in the year 2024 in Curaçao.
|
2023-12-17T03:27:12Z
|
2023-12-19T15:02:14Z
|
[
"Template:Latin America and the Caribbean topic",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Year in region",
"Template:Small",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:North America topic",
"Template:Further",
"Template:Portal"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_in_Cura%C3%A7ao
|
75,582,847 |
Monster in the Coal Bin
|
Monster in the Coal Bin is a Canadian short film, directed by Allen Schinkel and released in 1989. Set in the 1950s, the film stars Adam Smoluk as Furby, a young boy who must learn to confront and overcome his fears after the death of his father.
The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 11th Genie Awards in 1990.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Monster in the Coal Bin is a Canadian short film, directed by Allen Schinkel and released in 1989. Set in the 1950s, the film stars Adam Smoluk as Furby, a young boy who must learn to confront and overcome his fears after the death of his father.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 11th Genie Awards in 1990.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] |
Monster in the Coal Bin is a Canadian short film, directed by Allen Schinkel and released in 1989. Set in the 1950s, the film stars Adam Smoluk as Furby, a young boy who must learn to confront and overcome his fears after the death of his father. The film received a Genie Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Drama at the 11th Genie Awards in 1990.
|
2023-12-17T03:29:29Z
|
2023-12-17T03:29:29Z
|
[
"Template:1980s-Canada-film-stub",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:IMDb title"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster_in_the_Coal_Bin
|
75,582,855 |
Mabel Pollitzer
|
Mabel Louise Pollitzer (January 11, 1885 – April 27, 1979) was an American educator and suffragist from South Carolina. She was the South Carolina state chair of the National Woman's Party for almost forty years, and led the creation of the free public library system in Charleston County.
Pollitzer was born in Charleston, South Carolina, the daughter of Gustave Moritz Pollitzer and Clara Guinzburg Pollitzer. Her younger sister was photographer and suffragist Anita Pollitzer; their father was a cotton broker. The Pollitzer family were members of Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim in Charleston. She trained for teaching at Memminger Normal School, and earned a bachelor's degree from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1906.
Pollitzer taught science classes at Memminger High School for over forty years. She organized the Natural Science department, and designed the department's laboratories. She worked with students in the school's gardens. In 1920 she was elected president of the Charleston County Teachers' Association. She created an early sex education course, titled Child Development and Family Relations, for high school seniors.
Beyond the classroom, Pollitzer was involved in conservation and beautification efforts in South Carolina. She founded Charleston's annual Plant Exchange Day event in 1915, co-sponsored by the Charleston Civic Club. With her sisters Carrie and Anita, she was a charter member of the Charleston Equal Suffrage League, and later joined the National Woman's Party, for which she was South Carolina state chair. She led efforts to open a free public library system in Charleston County in the 1930s; it served both Black and white residents, though in separate facilities, under the racial segregation laws of the Jim Crow South.
She was inducted into the halls of fame maintained by the Charleston Federation of Women's Clubs and the National Council of Jewish Women. In 1973 and 1974, she gave interviews for the Oral Histories of the American South project.
Pollitzer died in 1979, at the age of 94. In 2006, a historical marker was placed at the Pollitzer sisters' home in Charleston, telling their stories. A documentary about the Pollitzer sisters, emphasizing their suffrage work, aired on PBS stations in 2021.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mabel Louise Pollitzer (January 11, 1885 – April 27, 1979) was an American educator and suffragist from South Carolina. She was the South Carolina state chair of the National Woman's Party for almost forty years, and led the creation of the free public library system in Charleston County.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Pollitzer was born in Charleston, South Carolina, the daughter of Gustave Moritz Pollitzer and Clara Guinzburg Pollitzer. Her younger sister was photographer and suffragist Anita Pollitzer; their father was a cotton broker. The Pollitzer family were members of Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim in Charleston. She trained for teaching at Memminger Normal School, and earned a bachelor's degree from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1906.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Pollitzer taught science classes at Memminger High School for over forty years. She organized the Natural Science department, and designed the department's laboratories. She worked with students in the school's gardens. In 1920 she was elected president of the Charleston County Teachers' Association. She created an early sex education course, titled Child Development and Family Relations, for high school seniors.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Beyond the classroom, Pollitzer was involved in conservation and beautification efforts in South Carolina. She founded Charleston's annual Plant Exchange Day event in 1915, co-sponsored by the Charleston Civic Club. With her sisters Carrie and Anita, she was a charter member of the Charleston Equal Suffrage League, and later joined the National Woman's Party, for which she was South Carolina state chair. She led efforts to open a free public library system in Charleston County in the 1930s; it served both Black and white residents, though in separate facilities, under the racial segregation laws of the Jim Crow South.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "She was inducted into the halls of fame maintained by the Charleston Federation of Women's Clubs and the National Council of Jewish Women. In 1973 and 1974, she gave interviews for the Oral Histories of the American South project.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Pollitzer died in 1979, at the age of 94. In 2006, a historical marker was placed at the Pollitzer sisters' home in Charleston, telling their stories. A documentary about the Pollitzer sisters, emphasizing their suffrage work, aired on PBS stations in 2021.",
"title": "Personal life and legacy"
}
] |
Mabel Louise Pollitzer was an American educator and suffragist from South Carolina. She was the South Carolina state chair of the National Woman's Party for almost forty years, and led the creation of the free public library system in Charleston County.
|
2023-12-17T03:30:14Z
|
2023-12-26T15:52:58Z
|
[
"Template:Citation",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel_Pollitzer
|
75,582,895 |
Operation Taco Gary's
|
Operation Taco Gary's is an upcoming American comedy film written and directed by Michael Kvamme and starring Simon Rex.. It is Kvamme’s feature directorial debut.
In May 2023, it was announced that Rex will star in and executive produce the film. In June 2023, it was announced that Milligan, Song, Cavalero, Biggs, Jones and Castro were cast in the film.
Filming occurred in Waxhaw, North Carolina and Charlotte, North Carolina in June 2023.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Operation Taco Gary's is an upcoming American comedy film written and directed by Michael Kvamme and starring Simon Rex.. It is Kvamme’s feature directorial debut.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In May 2023, it was announced that Rex will star in and executive produce the film. In June 2023, it was announced that Milligan, Song, Cavalero, Biggs, Jones and Castro were cast in the film.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Filming occurred in Waxhaw, North Carolina and Charlotte, North Carolina in June 2023.",
"title": "Production"
}
] |
Operation Taco Gary's is an upcoming American comedy film written and directed by Michael Kvamme and starring Simon Rex.. It is Kvamme’s feature directorial debut.
|
2023-12-17T03:35:30Z
|
2023-12-28T07:17:08Z
|
[
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite newspaper",
"Template:IMDb title"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Taco_Gary%27s
|
75,582,914 |
Thomsonaria
|
Thomsonaria is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. It includes 26 species native to Asia, ranging from the eastern Himalayas to southern China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Thomsonaria is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. It includes 26 species native to Asia, ranging from the eastern Himalayas to southern China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra.",
"title": ""
}
] |
Thomsonaria is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. It includes 26 species native to Asia, ranging from the eastern Himalayas to southern China, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, and Sumatra. Thomsonaria aronioides (Rehder) Rushforth
Thomsonaria astateria (Cardot) Rushforth
Thomsonaria brevipetiolata Rushforth
Thomsonaria caloneura (Stapf) Rushforth
Thomsonaria candidissima (A.Chev.) Rushforth
Thomsonaria corymbifera (Miq.) Rushforth
Thomsonaria crenulata (E.T.Geddes) Rushforth
Thomsonaria decaisneana (Lavallée) Rushforth
Thomsonaria detergibilis (Merr.) Rushforth
Thomsonaria eleonorae Rushforth
Thomsonaria epidendron (Hand.-Mazz.) Rushforth
Thomsonaria ferruginea (Wenz.) Rushforth
Thomsonaria fragrans (E.T.Geddes) Rushforth
Thomsonaria globosa Rushforth
Thomsonaria granulosa (Bertol.) Rushforth
Thomsonaria khasiana (Decne.) Rushforth
Thomsonaria kohimensis Rushforth
Thomsonaria ligustrifolia (A.Chev.) Rushforth
Thomsonaria malayensis (Ridl.) Rushforth
Thomsonaria meliosmifolia (Rehder) Rushforth
Thomsonaria ochracea (Hand.-Mazz.) Rushforth
Thomsonaria paniculata Rushforth
Thomsonaria subochracea Rushforth
Thomsonaria subulata (J.E.Vidal) Rushforth
Thomsonaria thomsonii Rushforth
Thomsonaria verticillata (Merr.) Rushforth
|
2023-12-17T03:39:15Z
|
2023-12-18T02:53:16Z
|
[
"Template:Taxonbar",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Speciesbox",
"Template:Small",
"Template:Reflist"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomsonaria
|
75,582,932 |
Backblock Ballads and Other Verses
|
Backblock Ballads and Other Verses is the first collection of poems by the Australian writer C. J. Dennis, published by E. W. Cole, Melbourne, in 1913. It includes his famous poems "Wheat" and "The Austra-laise", as well as the first book publication of several poems that would later appear in The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke.
The collection consists of 58 poems from a variety of sources. The bulk of the collection was later re-issued in 1918 under the title of Backblock Ballads and Later Verses.
The title is a homage to Rudyard Kipling's Barrack-Room Ballads and Other Verses.
Dennis included a "Glossary" of terms used in the poems at the end of the book, which he sub-titled "For the use of the thoroughly genteel".
Writing about the collection in The Sunday Times from Sydney a reviewer stated: "In Australia we have had some very good light versifiers. C. J. Dennis is one of the best of these something between Gilbert and Goodge. His work is always readable, and in humorous vein he is always amusing. For the most part his humor is tinged with satire."
In the Melbourne Herald Archibald T. Strong commented: "These ballads, with a few exceptions, pretend to be nothing more than entertaining jingles. Considered as such, their merit is very uneven, but the best of them possess a most acceptable raciness and humor. By far the best part of the book is that written in that specific variety of impure English which may be termed pure Australian."
The collection was originally published in July 1913 by E. W. Cole, owner of Cole's Book Arcade in Bourke Street, Melbourne.
The collection contains stories that were originally published in The Bulletin, Critic, Gadfly, Lone Hand, and Adelaide's Evening Journal newspaper.
|
[
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Backblock Ballads and Other Verses is the first collection of poems by the Australian writer C. J. Dennis, published by E. W. Cole, Melbourne, in 1913. It includes his famous poems \"Wheat\" and \"The Austra-laise\", as well as the first book publication of several poems that would later appear in The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The collection consists of 58 poems from a variety of sources. The bulk of the collection was later re-issued in 1918 under the title of Backblock Ballads and Later Verses.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The title is a homage to Rudyard Kipling's Barrack-Room Ballads and Other Verses.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Dennis included a \"Glossary\" of terms used in the poems at the end of the book, which he sub-titled \"For the use of the thoroughly genteel\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Writing about the collection in The Sunday Times from Sydney a reviewer stated: \"In Australia we have had some very good light versifiers. C. J. Dennis is one of the best of these something between Gilbert and Goodge. His work is always readable, and in humorous vein he is always amusing. For the most part his humor is tinged with satire.\"",
"title": "Critical reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In the Melbourne Herald Archibald T. Strong commented: \"These ballads, with a few exceptions, pretend to be nothing more than entertaining jingles. Considered as such, their merit is very uneven, but the best of them possess a most acceptable raciness and humor. By far the best part of the book is that written in that specific variety of impure English which may be termed pure Australian.\"",
"title": "Critical reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The collection was originally published in July 1913 by E. W. Cole, owner of Cole's Book Arcade in Bourke Street, Melbourne.",
"title": "Publication history"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The collection contains stories that were originally published in The Bulletin, Critic, Gadfly, Lone Hand, and Adelaide's Evening Journal newspaper.",
"title": "Publication history"
}
] |
Backblock Ballads and Other Verses is the first collection of poems by the Australian writer C. J. Dennis, published by E. W. Cole, Melbourne, in 1913. It includes his famous poems "Wheat" and "The Austra-laise", as well as the first book publication of several poems that would later appear in The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke. The collection consists of 58 poems from a variety of sources. The bulk of the collection was later re-issued in 1918 under the title of Backblock Ballads and Later Verses. The title is a homage to Rudyard Kipling's Barrack-Room Ballads and Other Verses. Dennis included a "Glossary" of terms used in the poems at the end of the book, which he sub-titled "For the use of the thoroughly genteel".
|
2023-12-17T03:41:55Z
|
2023-12-18T09:13:22Z
|
[
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use Australian English",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox book",
"Template:Div col",
"Template:Div col end",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backblock_Ballads_and_Other_Verses
|
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