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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Facebook deleted a photo of Melania Trump with her sister and mother.\n\nQ1: Does the photo show Melania with her sister and her mother?\nA1: it shows Melania, her sister and audrey gruss (not Melanias mother)\n\nQ2: Was this image removed by facebook?\nA2: No the photo was not removed from Facebook",
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"content": "justification: The source information in question 2 is the facebook post referenced in the claim. Whether or not this image shows Melania Trump's Mother or Audrey Gruss, Facebook has labeled the post containing the claim as False information\nChecked by independent fact-checkers. Therefore depicting the claim as false and refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson apologised for colonial rule in India.\n\nQ1: Who made the claim?\nA1: It was published by an unofficial Unverified twitter handle (@BorisUKJohnson) created in July2020.\n\nQ2: When was Boris Johnsons official account created?\nA2: April 2015\n\nQ3: Did Boris tweet this claim or anything similar?\nA3: No, nothing found.",
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"content": "justification: From a parody/fake account.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Cold water affects the internal walls of the stomach. It affects the large intestine and results in cancer\n\nQ1: Is drinking cold water in any way harmful?\nA1: No, because If temperature is what's been holding you back, cold foods and beverages aren’t known to harm any internal organs, so feel free to enjoy them! Additionally, although drinking cold water has been found to burn slightly more calories than drinking warm water, the difference is so small that it’s not considered significant. That being said, some people may find discomfort in drinking colder beverages if they have trouble swallowing or experience heartburn, but it won't cause harm to the body. Ultimately, it's more critical to drink enough water as the temperature makes minimal difference.",
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pairs, drinking cold water is safe and there is no way whatsoever it could harm you. The amount of water you drink is what is important. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Late actor Sushant Singh Rajput developed an app which could detect Covid-19 infection just through a person's breathing.\n\nQ1: Did Sushant Singh Rajput develop a Covid-19 test app?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: How did Sushant die?\nA2: Alleged suicide.\nSushant Singh Rajput’s father, KK Singh, had filed a police complaint against Chakraborty in Patna, accusing her of abetting his son’s alleged suicide in June. His father has also alleged that Chakraborty illegally transferred Rs 15 crore from his son’s bank account and mentally harassed him.",
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"content": "justification: The 1st Q&A pair offers some details which confirm the death of the person in the claim which is also stated in the claim.\nThe claim also mentions an app which could detect covid being invented by the named person in the claim but the Q&A pair 2 state it found no answer to confirm or deny this so more evidence is needed .\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: warm water is effective in curing migraine\n\nQ1: Can migraines be cured?\nA1: Migraine is a disorder of the nervous system, something that appears to be genetically predisposed, with environmental and biological factors that may increase or decrease the sensitivity of the nervous system to the attacks we call “migraine.” It is not like an infection that can be eradicated by taking antibiotics, nor like a tumor that can be surgically removed. Migraines can be controlled in the sense that there are treatments to reduce the frequency and severity of the attacks, and medications to take when an attack occurs. In general, migraines tend to become much less frequent as people age, beyond 60 years.\n\nQ2: Can warm water cure migraines?\nA2: There's currently no cure for migraines, although a number of treatments are available to help ease the symptoms.",
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"content": "justification: There is no cure for migraines \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Sweden, despite never having had lockdown, has a lower COVID-19 death rate than Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom.\n\nQ1: What was the death rate in Sweden as a result of COVID-19?\nA1: 56.66 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants.\n\nQ2: What was the death rate in Spain as a result of COVID-19?\nA2: 61.17 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants.\n\nQ3: What was the death rate in Italy as a result of COVID-19?\nA3: 58.27 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants.\n\nQ4: What was the death rate in the U.K. as a result of COVID-19?\nA4: 70.10 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants.\n\nQ5: Which countries in the E.U. plus Switzerland, Norway, and the U.K. had a localized or national lockdown?\nA5: Belgium, U.K.,Spain, Italy, France, Ireland, Netherlands, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Romania, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungery, Slovenia, Finland, Norway, Estonia, Poland, Croatia, Czec Republic, Lithuania, Greece, Malta, Cyprus, Slovakia\n\nQ6: Which countries in the E.U. plus Switzerland, Norway, and the U.K. did not have a lockdown?\nA6: Sweden and Latvia\n\nQ7: What was the death rate in Latvia as a result of COVID-19?\nA7: 1.66 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants.\n\nQ8: Which countries in the E.U. plus Switzerland, Norway, and the U.K. with localized or national lockdowns had the lowest COVID-19 death rates compared to Sweden?\nA8: France, Ireland, Netherlands, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Romania, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Bulgaria, Hungery, Slovenia, Finland, Norway, Estonia, Poland, Croatia, Czec Republic, Lithuania, Greece, Malta, Cyprus, Slovakia\n\nQ9: Amongst the European countries, was Sweden amongst the countries with the highest death rates\nA9: Sweden had 56.66 deaths per 100,000 pop.\n\nQ10: Did Sweden have a national lockdown\nA10: No they didn't have a national lockdown\n\nQ11: Were the death rates of other European countries that had lockdown low\nA11: Although other European countries that had lockdown experienced low death rates, Spain, Italy and UK had higher death rates than Sweden\n\nQ12: Did Spain, Italy and UK have lockdowns\nA12: Spain, Italy, Belgium and Uk had lockdowns during the pandemic",
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"content": "justification: Comparing the COVID-19 death rate of Sweden with, it is apparent that it has a lower COVID-19 death rate than Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: warm water is effective in curing epilepsy\n\nQ1: Does warm water cure epilepsy?\nA1: Warm water has benefits but doesn’t cure any ailment.",
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"content": "justification: Warm water doesn't cure any ailment \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The United States Postal Service advises customers to never send cash in the mail.\n\nQ1: What advice does the United states postal inspection service give on their website for posting Cash?\nA1: Be careful about what you send\nDon't risk sending cash in the mail\n\nQ2: Can cash be insured when sent through the USPS ?\nA2: For Registered Mail®, cash can be insured up to $50,000.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: the us postal service does advise against sending cash in the mail. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Tricolour to be hoisted for first time at Niagara Falls to mark 74th Indian Independence Day.\n\nQ1: Where will the 74th Indian Independence Day Tricolour be hosted?\nA1: The Indian tricolour will be hoisted for the first time ever at the iconic Canadian landmark of Niagara Falls to mark Independence Day this year.",
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"content": "justification: Evidence supports the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Former U.S. President George W. Bush supports the Democratic presidential ticket of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris.\n\nQ1: Has George Bush endorsed both Joe Biden and Kamala Harris\nA1: No, because A group of former George W. Bush administration and campaign officials has launched a new super PAC to mobilize disaffected Republican voters for presumptive Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden",
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"content": "justification: From the question and asnwer pair it seems that the former president did not endorse Joe Biden. Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The United States has reached herd immunity for COVID-19\n\nQ1: At the time of claim had the USA reached herd Immunity?\nA1: \"We've not reached herd immunity,\" Dr John Wherry, the director of the University of Pennsylvania's Institute of Immunology said.\n\nQ2: What percent of the population would need to be immune to Covid19 in order to establish herd immunity?\nA2: 70%-90%\n\nQ3: What percent of the US population is immune to covid 19?\nA3: The number of confirmed infections in the US is about five million, which is less than two percent of the population.",
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"content": "justification: Although the 2ns Q&A pair is a little offf the mark, the 1st Q&A pair does give an official sounding persons answer to the claim who refutes the claim outright.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Annabelle doll escaped from the Warren's Occult Museum on 14th August 2020 at 3am.\n\nQ1: Did the Annabelle doll escape from the Warren's Occult Museum in August 2020?\nA1: No, because The Warren's son-in law posted a clip on the Official Ed & Lorraine Warren YouTube channel showing the doll in it's display case on 14th August 2020.",
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"content": "justification: The source shows that the doll was still in its case so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 medical face masks are designed to be worn differently depending on the health of the wearer, masks should be worn colored side out if you are sick and do not want to spread germs around and the white side of the mask is the filter part to be worn facing out when the wearer is not sick, to prevent germs from getting in.\n\nQ1: Has any guidance been issued regarding the correct usage of masks?\nA1: The World Health Organisation (WHO) produced an infographic which includes the instruction to 'ensure the colored-side faces outwards.'\n\nQ2: how is the face mask properly put on\nA2: it was worn properly, the face mask is not touched when it is worn.",
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"content": "justification: There is no shown other than a poster so I would like to see a question about whether it matters which way and where the filter is in a mask and how they work so therefore there is not enough evidence.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Vitamin D prevents COVID-19 infection and reduces severity.\n\nQ1: Can Vitamin D prevent infection from Covid-19?\nA1: We found no clinical evidence on vitamin D in COVID-19. There was no evidence related to vitamin D deficiency predisposing to COVID-19, nor were there studies of supplementation for preventing or treating COVID-19 (Search date upto 4th of April 2020, clinicaltrials.gov searched upto on 23rd April).",
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"content": "justification: The sources all show that vitamin D would not prevent getting covid-19. The source is a reputable website.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The media is ignoring the tragic death of a 5-year-old boy who was fatally shot by a neighbor in Wilson, North Carolina, on August 9, 2020.\n\nQ1: Has there been any reports on the 5-year-old boy who was fatally shot by a neighbor in Wilson, North Carolina, on August 9, 2020?\nA1: Yes, because CNN reported:\n\nPolice have charged a 25-year-old man with first-degree murder after they say he shot and killed a 5-year-old boy last week in Wilson, North Carolina.\n\nHinnant told the affiliate he looked up and saw his neighbor, Darius Sessoms, in the yard next door with a gun in hand, pacing and frantic.",
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"content": "justification: The tragic death of the 5-year-old boy was adequately reported by the media. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The murder of Oscar Grant, by a police officer in the United States, was never prosecuted by the DA.\n\nQ1: What happened to the Oscar Grant in the claim?\nA1: Oscar Grant, 22, was shot once while on the platform after a BART officer drew his gun during what officials called a volatile and chaotic scene. A gravely wounded Grant was taken to Highland Hospital, where he died\n\nQ2: Was the officer who shot Oscar Grant charged with a crime?\nA2: Yes, because A jury found former BART officer Johannes Mesherle guilty of involuntary manslaughter. killing Oscar Grant, on a BART platform on New Year's Day 2009.",
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"content": "justification: The second source shows that the officer was charged with manslaughter so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Former president Pranab Mukherjee from India has passed away.\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 13/08/2020\n\nQ2: Was there any news reports about former Indian president Pranab Mukherjee on 13 August 2020?\nA2: Yes, because The condition of former President Pranab Mukherjee continues to be critical and he remains on ventilator support, the Army's Research and Referral hospital said on Wednesday.\nThe former President was admitted to the R&R hospital in the Delhi cantonment on August 10 and was operated for removal of a clot in his brain. “Shri Pranab Mukherjee's health condition continues to remain critical. Presently he is haemodynamically stable and on a ventilator,” a statement from the hospital said.",
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"content": "justification: Evidence does not show that he had died at the time of this claim\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kamala Harris called Joe Biden 'A Racist And A Rapist'\n\nQ1: Did Kamala Harris call Joe Biden 'A Racist And A Rapist' ?\nA1: Based on our research, the claim that Harris called Biden a racist and said she believed sexual harassment allegations — or called him a \"rapist\" — is PARTLY FALSE. Harris never called Biden a racist. She said she believed women who said that unwanted touching from Biden made them uncomfortable. But she never said she believed a sexual assault accusation from Tara Reade, or any allegations of rape, and did not call him a rapist.",
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"content": "justification: No evidence shows that Kamala called Biden 'A Racist And A Rapist'.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 has caused more casualties than WWI; the Korean, Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan-US wars; and 9/11.\n\nQ1: How many US deaths were there in WW1?\nA1: 116,516\n\nQ2: How many US deaths were there in the Korean war?\nA2: 54,246\n\nQ3: How many US deaths were there in the Vietnam War?\nA3: 90,220\n\nQ4: How Many US deaths were there in the Iraq war (persian gulf war)?\nA4: 1565\n\nQ5: How many US deaths were there in the Afghan war?\nA5: approx 3270\n\nQ6: How many deaths were there in the 9/11 attacks?\nA6: 2,996 people died as a result of the 9/11 attacks,\n\nQ7: What is the total of all these deaths?\n\n2996+\n3270+\n1565+\n90220+\n116,516=\n\n54246+\nA7: 2996+\n3270+\n1565+\n90220+\n116,516\n\n= 214,567 Total\n\nQ8: How many people had died as a result of Covid-19 upto date of claim (12/08/2020)?\nA8: 183,832 as of 21st August 2020.",
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"content": "justification: The seventh and eight Q&A shows that the covid pandemic to the date of the claim was less than the amount of all the wars and events combined so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Creativity is contagious. Pass it on was said by Albert Einstein\n\nQ1: Did Albert Einstein say that: \"Creativity is contagious. Pass it on.\"?\nA1: No, because No evidence was found of Einstein writing or saying this quote.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer below effectively states there is no evidence that Einstein said this. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kamala Harris said \"And once Trump’s gone and we have regained our rightful place in the White House, look out if you supported him and endorsed his actions, because we’ll be coming for you next\".\n\nQ1: When was the claim made\nA1: 11/08/2020\n\nQ2: Where was the claim first published\nA2: The claim was first published on bustatroll.org\n\nQ3: What kind of website is bustatroll.org\nA3: It is a satirical website and identifies as a subsidiary of America’s Last line of Defense’ network of parody, satire, and tomfoolery",
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"content": "justification: The claim comes from a satire website called bustatroll.org - Hence false. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Russia has successfully developed a vaccine for Covid-19 and it has passed all checks.\n\nQ1: Who has developed this vaccine?\nA1: ‘Sputnik V’ has been developed by Moscow-based Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology.\n\nQ2: When was it first registered?\nA2: It was registered by the Russian health ministry on August 11 as the first registered Covid-19 vaccine in the market but The certificate mentions that “the vaccine cannot be used widely until 1 January 2021”, presumably after larger clinical trials are completed.\n\nQ3: What kind of vaccine is it?\nA3: The Russian vaccine is an “adenovirus vector-based vaccine”.\n\nThe idea is to use the weakened common cold virus to stimulate an immune response and trigger the formation of antibodies against Covid-19. These anti-bodies are then ready to fight against Covid-19 in case one catches a coronavirus infection. Even the widely awaited Oxford University vaccine is exploring the same route.\n\nQ4: Has it been thoroughly tested?\nA4: No, because First, the vaccine has been approved even before the vital Phase 3 trial started on August 12. According to the ‘Sputnik V’ website, “Phase 3 clinical trial involving more than 2,000 people in Russia, a number of Middle Eastern (UAE and Saudi Arabia), and Latin American countries (Brazil and Mexico) will start on August 12. Mass production of the vaccine is expected to start in September 2020.”\n\nThe website also says that “emergency rules adopted during the Covid-19 pandemic can be used to vaccinate the population in Russia”.\n\nQ5: Has it been tested for safety?\nA5: No, because The second problem is that even for the just-concluded Phase 2 of trial, the sample size was too small for fair evaluation about the safety and efficacy. All the data about the testing has not been made public yet. According to “Science” magazine, so far, it has only been tested on 76 people in total",
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"content": "justification: It seems from the 4th and 5th QAs that the vaccine has not passed the safety checks. Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kamala Harris was descended from enslavers, and this is an inconvenient part of her history and this is a deep dark secret.\n\nQ1: Of what descent is Kamala Harris\nA1: She is of Jamaican descent\n\nQ2: Does Kamala Harris have ancestors who were slave masters\nA2: One of her ancestors was an Irish sugar plantation owner who had slaves\n\nQ3: Is Kamala Harris ashamed of her origin\nA3: ‘I am who I am’: Kamala Harris, daughter of Indian and Jamaican immigrants, defines herself simply as ‘American’",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems from the 3rd QA that she openly admits to her descendants. Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democratic California Sen. Kamala Harris was the Alameda County district attorney when Oscar Grant, a 22-year-old black man, was shot and killed in Oakland, California.\n\nQ1: When was 22-year old Oscar Grant killed in Oakland, California?\nA1: January 1st, 2009.\n\nQ2: Who was the district attorney for Alameda County at the time of Oscar Grant's death?\nA2: Mr. TOM ORLOFF (District Attorney, Alameda County, California)\n\nQ3: Where did Democratic California Sen. Kamala Harris work during Oscar Grant's death?\nA3: From 2004 until 2010, Kamala Harris was the district attorney for San Francisco County.",
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"content": "justification: In office but in a different county.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Sarah Huckabee Sanders said \"it's not the government's job to protect my health\" and that \"when you trade liberty for safety, you end up losing both\"\n\nQ1: What is Sarah Huckabee Sanders Twitter handle?\nA1: Sarah Huckabee Sanders\n@SarahHuckabee\n\nQ2: What is the twitter handle for the original claim?\nA2: @hucklebee_sarah which is a suspended account.\n\nQ3: Is there any evidence that the official Sarah Huckabee tweeted this?\nA3: No, because The twitter handle used misspells her name and the usbe bio reads \"I'm not who you think I am\" her real account is @SarahHuckabee.",
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"content": "justification: The claim was produced by a suspended account not related to Sarah Huckabee Sanders.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Trump Says He Hopes The NFL Season Gets Canceled Due To Coronavirus\n\nQ1: What did Trump say in the interview?\nA1: Well they want to open, and they want to open badly and they've been working with government. I would say this: if they don't stand for the national anthem I hope they don't open, but other than that I'd love to see them open and we're doing everything possible for getting them open.”\n\nQ2: Did he refer to wanting the coronovirus pandemic to shut down the NFL season?\nA2: No, because he said if the NFL doesn't stand for the national anthem, he hopes they don't open.\n\nQ3: is the headline different from the content of the article\nA3: No, because In the article Trump said “Well they want to open, and they want to open badly and they've been working with government. I would say this: if they don't stand for the national anthem I hope they don't open, but other than that I'd love to see them open and we're doing everything possible for getting them open.” which different from what the headline says",
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"content": "justification: Trump's speech didn't say he hopes the NFL gets cancelled, and he also didn't correlate between this and Coronavirus.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Russia has developed a new vaccine to fight COVID-19.\n\nQ1: What is the name of the vaccine Russia has developed to fight COVID-19?\nA1: Sputnik V\n\nQ2: Has the COVID-19 vaccine Sputnik V been FDA-approved?\nA2: Dr. Scott Gottlieb, the former U.S. Food and Drug Administration commissioner, urged caution about Russia’s coronavirus vaccine, telling CNBC on Tuesday that he would “certainly not” take it outside of a clinical trial where patients are closely monitored. \n\n“They’ve cleared the equivalent, really, of a phase 1 clinical trial in terms of putting it in 100 to maybe as many as 300 patients so it needs to be evaluated in a large-scale clinical trial,” he said on “Squawk Box.” Russia’s vaccine development is “certainly not ahead” of the United States, added Gottlieb, who is a board member of Pfizer, which is developing a potential vaccine.\n\nQ3: Has the COVID-19 vaccine, Sputnik V, been thoroughly tested?\nA3: Russian President Vladimir Putin announced Tuesday that the country has approved a coronavirus vaccine despite not having completed crucial clinical trials to determine its efficacy and safety.\n\nDeveloped at Moscow's Gamaleya Institute, the vaccine, called Sputnik V, has not yet undergone Phase 3 of testing, a key, monthslong trial involving administering a vaccine to a large group of people that can reveal previously unknown side effects.\n\nRussia has not published any scientific data on its vaccine testing, and Sputnik V is not among the eight currently undergoing Phase 3 trials, according to the New York Times coronavirus vaccine tracker.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Russia did developed the Sputnik V vaccine.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: All regular Indian Railways trains cancelled till 30th September, 2020.\n\nQ1: Are All regular Indian Railways trains cancelled till 30th September, 2020?\nA1: Rubbishing the claim, Ministry of Railways, in a tweet dated August 10, 2020, clarified that the message in circulation is incorrect.\n\nThe ministry clarified that as of August 10, 2020, no new circular has been issued by Ministry of Railways regarding the extension of cancellation of trains.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems from the answer to the question pair that there is no justification to the claim argument. Therefore the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 virus is airborne.\n\nQ1: How is covid-19 primarily transmitted?\nA1: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), SARS-CoV-2 is still mainly transmitted through respiratory secretions or droplets that can reach the mouth, nose and eyes of someone who comes in close contact with a COVID-19-infected person.\n\nQ2: Can COVID-19 be transmitted through airborne transmission?\nA2: Yes, because WHO and the U.S. CDC also acknowledged increasing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can spread through airborne transmission, but current evidence shows that it only occurs in indoor spaces with poor ventilation. WHO said further studies are needed to establish if airborne transmission may occur in the absence of aerosol-generating procedures.\n\nSARS-CoV-2 can become airborne when tiny droplets called droplet nuclei or aerosols containing it get suspended in the air, according to a global team of public health experts convened by international non-profit media group Meedan. Droplet nuclei are microscopic and much smaller in size than respiratory droplets (almost five to 10 micrometers), according to WHO.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and credible sources state that covid can be transmitted through the air so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: LITTLE CAESARS IS OFFERING FREE PIZZA TO ANYONE WHO SHARES AND COMMENTS ON A FACEBOOK POST\n\nQ1: What did Little Caesars Pizza have to say about a Facebook post in their name promising customers free Pizzas\nA1: There is currently a fraudulent Little Caesars coupon in circulation, stating ‘Little Caesars is rewarding everyone with 3 free large pizza coupon on their 60th anniversary.’ This coupon was not generated or distributed by Little Caesars",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The claim seems refuted but the claim should specify a time range and so should the questions. Otherwise the claim and answer could refer to completely seperate events. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos has offered free one-day Prime shipping for all mail-in ballots.\n\nQ1: Has Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos offered free one-day Prime shipping for all mail-in ballots?\nA1: No, because The man who posted the claim, Andy Borowitz, is the author of The New Yorker’s satirical column, The Borowitz Report. His Facebook page is listed as \"comedian\" and links to many of his satirical articles.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The source is listed as a satirical source.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The NZ Green Party should have delivered 16,000 KiwiBuild houses by now (10/08/2020). They’ve only managed just around 400. And so to promise 5,000 extra houses a year is nothing more than just wishful thinking and is destined to go the same way as KiwiBuild.\n\nQ1: Should the green party have delivered 16,000 Kiwibuild homes?\nA1: No, this does not match the timeline originally set by Kiwibuild. The target was June 2021 and not August 2020.\n\nQ2: Was the claim that 400 Kiwibuild homes had been completed correct?\nA2: No, data shows that as of June 2020 452 Kiwibuild homes are complete.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that the timescale is incorrect in the claim and the amount of houses built so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There is an office of the special assistant to the executive governor of Kano state on graveyards\n\nQ1: Does Kano State of Nigeria have a special assistant position for Graveyards?\nA1: Yes, because However after Yakubu Nagoda's resignation the position is yet to be refilled.\n\nQ2: Is there still a special assistant to the executive governor of Kano state on graveyards?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is not enough evidence to be sure if there is an office of the special assistant as no answer could be found. \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Vaccines have caused deaths in the Philippines.\n\nQ1: What vaccine are they refering to?\nA1: Polio\n\nQ2: Did the government comment on the claim?\nA2: \"#FakeNewsAlert: THERE IS NO TRUTH to circulating reports about the death of 5 people because of vaccines from Village and Health Centers,",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: This claim has been refuted by the sources\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Amid the coronavirus pandemic, Facebook has changed its privacy rules, allowing it to use pictures and posts shared by users in lawsuits against them.\n\nQ1: What was Facebook's response to the claim that it had changed its privacy rules?\nA1: The response from the Facebook Help Team was:\n\nIt sounds like the message you saw is likely a scam.\n\nIf you see this on a post, please follow the steps in the article below to report it:\nhttps://www.facebook.com/help/68852...\n\nIf you received an email, please forward it [email protected]",
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"content": "justification: The Q&A pair point out that Facebook called the claim a scam message.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A video shows people in Pakistan are uprooting the trees planted as part of Imran Khan’s plantation campaign because they consider planting trees as \"unIslamic\".\n\nQ1: Is planting trees Unislamic\nA1: Planting trees is not against Islam. Infact Islam encourages planting trees\n\nQ2: Were Pakistani people unrooting trees during Imran Khan’s plantation campaign\nA2: According to the district administration, over 6,000 new trees planted by them were removed by these people.\n\nQ3: What was their reason for uprooting the trees by planted during Imran Khan’s plantation campaign\nA3: The men said that the administration had planted the trees on disputed land without their permission. They staged a protest against the government.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Source information supports the evidence that the claim is flase.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump's payroll tax deferral could leave American workers liable for thousands of dollars during tax season and could potentially leave programs like Social Security and Medicare weakened.\n\nQ1: What was Trumps tax deferral?\nA1: Trump issued a memo that told employers they didn’t need to send Washington the 6.2% out of each employee’s paycheck that helps fund Social Security. So, someone making $1,000 a week — the national median pay — could see an extra $62 every week. The tax break applies to people making up to $2,000 a week and would be in place for four months, September through December.\n\nQ2: Why would the tax deferral potentially cost people money during the tax season?\nA2: The more a person makes, up to the maximum, the more money they would keep. At the high end, a person could see a tax cut of $1,984 over those 16 weeks.\n\nTrump had the power to defer collecting the tax, but as written, his order provided only temporary relief. At some point, the missed payments would need to be made up or count as foregone revenues to the Social Security trust fund. The memo said the administration will look for a way to let people keep the money, but that decision rests with Congress, not the president.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The tax cut is what helps fund social security and the payroll tax deferral lets the people keep the money instead of sending it to the government to help fund the social security scheme \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Choluteca bridge was built in 1996.\n\nQ1: When was the Choluteca bridge built?\nA1: The Choluteca bridge was originally constructed in 1930 however it was rebuilt in 1996",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: the first answer shows that it was actually rebuilt in 1996 but build in 1930\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Choluteca bridge withstood a hurricane in 1998 but the river changed course and no longer flows under the bridge.\n\nQ1: When did a hurricane hit Choluteca bridge\nA1: In 1998, Honduras was hit by Hurricane Mitch, a category 5 storm that devastated the Caribbean.\n\nQ2: Did the Choluteca Bridge survive Hurricane Mitch\nA2: The Choluteca Bridge stood its ground against Hurricane Mitch and survived in near perfect condition.\n\nQ3: What happened to the river under the Choluteca Bridge after Hurricane Mitch\nA3: Even though the bridge stood its ground, there was one problem, the storm caused the river to carve a completely new path which no longer ran under the bridge. The Choluteca Bridge no longer stood over the river,\n\nQ4: Where was the Choluteca Bridge located?\nA4: The Choluteca Bridge is a suspension bridge located in Choluteca, Honduras.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The answers show that the river did change course so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: T cells may play a role in the body’s immune response against the virus SARS-CoV-2\n\nQ1: What are T cells role in clearing viral infections?\nA1: T cells recognize and kill infected cells. The cells of the adaptive immune system are lymphocytes – B cells and T cells. A key feature of the adaptive immune system is memory. Repeat infections by the same virus are met immediately with a strong and specific response that usually effectively stops the infection with less reliance on the innate system. When we say we are immune to infection with a virus, we are talking about immune memory. Vaccines protect us against infection because of immune memory. The first adaptive response against a virus – called the primary response – often takes days to mature. In contrast, a memory response develops within hours of infection. Memory is maintained by a subset of B and T lymphocytes called memory cells which survive for years in the body. Memory cells remain ready to respond rapidly and efficiently to a subsequent encounter with a pathogen. This so-called secondary response is often stronger than the primary response to infection. Consequently, childhood infections protect adults, and immunity conferred by vaccination can last for years.\n\nQ2: What does the National Geographic article say that specifically relates to the role of T cells for the SARS-CoV-2 virus?\nA2: The article references findings by Aleman, a researcher and physician at the Karolinska University in sweden.\nKiller T cells, which tell virus-infected human cells to destroy themselves to keep the virus from spreading - In a subset of those who tested positive for COVID-19, Aleman found T cells but no antibodies. Aleman says, one thing is becoming clear: antibodies might not be telling the whole story when it comes to COVID-19 immunity. “We shouldn’t just look blindly at antibody tests.\" The article also states, Aleman and other virologists and immunologists when turning their attention to COVID-19, they began to study how immunity developed in people who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, as well as their close contacts, some of whom were presumably exposed to the virus, even if they didn’t get sick. As expected, hospitalized individuals developed strong antibody and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2. But two-thirds of the close contacts who were asymptomatic showed a subsequent T cell response, even though tests didn’t detect any antibodies - Study results, released June 29 without peer review via the medical pre-print service medRxiv, didn’t reveal whether these individuals never developed antibodies or whether they rapidly declined to undetectable levels. Regardless, the report immediately raised concerns about a vaccine, since stimulating antibody production is a key strategy by which immunizations protect against disease.\n\nThe article also cites recently reported work by immunologist Antonio Bertoletti from Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore - Patients infected with the original SARS virus still possessed memory T cells that responded to the virus’ proteins 17 years later. These same memory T cells also reacted to SARS-CoV-2. It’s something Bertoletti says bodes well for COVID-19.\n\nQ3: What reaction did the claim recieve from the scientific community?\nA3: One study by immunologist Antonio Bertoletti as reference in the National Geographic article - 'SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls' is cited on 'Nature' 1034 times.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This claim is supported. According to the QA pairs, T cells have the ability to aid memory cells when an pathogen enters the body that needs to be destroyed. The more times that pathogen tries to affect the immune system, the memory cells (aided by T cells) respond faster and stronger to kill off the infection. Therefore, T cells do play a role in the body's immune system against COVID-19 as if a person were to catch COVID-19 twice, the T cells help weaken the infection. This claim is supported. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: According to Harry Roque, even if 10,000 people die, 10 million COVID-19 cases in the country will not be a loss.\n\nQ1: Did Harry Roque say that even if 10,000 people died, 10 million COVID-19 cases in the country would not be a loss?\nA1: In a virtual press conference on August 11, Roque refuted the claim, stating that it was \"very different\" from his statement. He reminded people to just follow his official Facebook page or the one for his office if they wanted updates.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Refuted by the supposed source of the claim. (Harry Roque)\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Australian govt is handing out $25,000 to all nursing homes who label covid as the main cause of deaths on death certificates.\n\nQ1: Who can register a death in Victoria state, Australia?\nA1: Registered medical practitioners, nurses, midwives and paramedics can verify death.\n\nQ2: Who can certify a death in Victoria state, Australia?\nA2: “The MCCD can ‘only’ be completed by a registered medical practitioner. To ‘certify death’ a registered medical practitioner is required to make a diagnosis of the cause of death which requires specialist knowledge.”\n\nQ3: Can a nursing home issue a death certificate?\nA3: No, because But this briefing note on the state’s Department of Health & Human Services website explains that in Victoria, only a registered medical practitioner can certify a death or complete a Medical Certificate of Cause of Death (MCCD).",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Nursing homes dont fill out death certificates so thus cannot label deaths as covid related.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Massive international study shows a much lower COVID-19 mortality rate in countries where hydroxychloroquine was prescribed to patients.\n\nQ1: Which study is being referred to in the claim\nA1: C19 study\n\nQ2: Is C19 study a widely accepted study\nA2: The \"C19study\" has not been published in a medical journal or publicly reviewed by virologists or infectious disease experts\n\nQ3: Is hydroxychloroquine a good treatment for COVID-19\nA3: Early in the pandemic, the FDA had issued permission in the form of an \"Emergency Use Authorization\" but on June 15, 2020, revoked it, saying early research showed the risks outweighed the benefits\n\nQ4: According to the study was Hydroxychloroquine associated with mortality rate\nA4: Hydroxychloroquine was not significantly associated with mortality",
"role": "user"
},
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"content": "justification: No evidence to support the claim presented in the answers but rather than its use was revoked, there was no link to its use and mortality levels and that no medical publication had mentioned a study showing otherwise.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Balbir Singh converted to Islam after he participated in the demolition of Babri Masjid\n\nQ1: Was Balbir Singh involved in the demolition of Babri Masjid\nA1: Balbir Singh was a kar sevak who participated in the razing of Babri Masjid\n\nQ2: What religion did Balbir Singh convert to\nA2: He converted to Islam and is now known as Mohammed Amir\n\nQ3: Why did Balbir Singh convert to Islam\nA3: He converted to Islam because he felt guilty",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that he did convert to Islam after the demolition and so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 82% of the public are wearing face masks on Translink buses and trains.\n\nQ1: Are face masks mandatory on buses and trains in the UK ?\nA1: Masks will be made mandatory for anyone in England wanting to use public transport, including the Tube, buses and trains from 15 June onwards.\n\nTravellers will be refused access to public transport if they do not comply with these rules, which have been put in place to reduce the spread of coronavirus, as more people head back to work.\n\nThe government has said face coverings should be worn on trains, underground trains, buses, ferries and planes. But people won’t have to wear them inside railway stations or at bus terminals. UK transport secretary Grant Shapps said tonight: “I can announce that as of Monday 15 June, face coverings will become mandatory on public transport.\n\n“The evidence suggests that wearing a face mask offers some, limited protection. It’s a condition of travel. You cannot travel if you are not wearing a face covering.”\n\nHowever, there will be exemptions for anyone with breathing difficulties and young children.\n\nQ2: Are there people exempted from the use of face masks face coverings on buses?\nA2: You do not need to wear a face covering if you have a legitimate reason not to or are exempt on other grounds - these include the following:\n\n not being able to put on, wear or remove a face covering because of a physical or mental illness or impairment, or disability\n if you have a medical condition that prevents you from wearing a mask such as respiratory illness\n if putting on, wearing or removing a face covering will cause you severe distress\n if you are travelling with or providing assistance to someone who relies on lip reading to communicate\n to avoid harm or injury, or the risk of harm or injury, to yourself or others\n to avoid injury, or to escape a risk of harm, and you do not have a face covering with you\n to eat or drink, but only if you need to and replace your face covering as soon as possible\n to take medication\n if a police officer or other official requests you remove your face covering\n a child who is under the age of 11\n any employee of the operator, or anyone contracted to provide a service on behalf of the operator who is performing their duty - although as mentioned above, reasonable alternative measures should be in place unless not possible to do so.\n a member of the emergency services who are performing their duties\n\nPlease remember that there may be people on the list above who are exempt from wearing a face covering. Not all reasons are visible so please be mindful of others who may not be wearing a mask for a legitimate reason. \n\nOperators such as ourselves have been given discretion on how they enforce the new requirement to wear a face covering with the preferred method being “engage, explain, encourage”. Our drivers are not police officers and so are not there to enforce the law, but by following the Government guidelines, we are trying to engage people to explain the new law and then encourage them to wear face coverings in future.\n\nQ3: Which area does the claim refer to?\nA3: Translink buses and trains in Northern Ireland.\n\nQ4: Are there people exempted from the use of face masks face coverings on public transport?\nA4: You do not need to wear a face covering if you have a legitimate reason not to or are exempt on other grounds\n\nQ5: Are face masks mandatory on buses and trains in NI?\nA5: face coverings became mandatory on public transport from Friday, 10 July, in Northern Ireland\n\nQ6: What percent of the public were wearing face masks on Translink buses and trains by August when the claim was made?\nA6: compliance rates were around 80%",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The fourth Q&A shows that around 80% are wearing masks so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 330,000 people a day are being tested for Covid-19 under the Test and Trace programme in the United Kingdom\n\nQ1: In July 2020, were 330,000 people per day tested for Covid-19 under the UK Test and Trace Program?\nA1: No. The figure of 330,000 covid test, represents a weekly figure for 16th to 22nd of July 2020, and not a daily one.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the question-answer pair it seems that the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Madagascar has found a coronavirus medicine that can wipe out the virus at any stage within a period of six days.\n\nQ1: Is there a known cure for COVID-19?\nA1: No, because There is currently no licensed medication to cure COVID-19.\n\nQ2: What COVID-19 medicine has been launched in Madagascar?\nA2: A herbal tea called Covid-Organics which is produced from artemisia, a plant with proven efficacy against malaria, and other indigenous herbs, according to the Malagasy Institute of Applied Research, which developed the beverage. It was launched by Madagascan President Andry Rajoelina.\n\nQ3: Is there evidence that Covid Organics can prevent or cure COVID-19?\nA3: No, because The herbal drink has not been scientifically tested and there’s no proof it works against COVID-19. \n\n“The scientific evidence that this is effective has not been proved. It’s likely that it could actually harm the health of the population, particularly that of children,” said the president of Madagascar’s Academy of Medicine, Marcel Razanamparany, in a statement.\n\nQ4: What has been said about the use of alternative remedies to treat COVID-19?\nA4: There is no scientific evidence that any of these alternative remedies can prevent or cure COVID-19. In fact, some of them may not be safe to consume.1,2 It’s important to understand that although many herbal or dietary supplements (and some prescription drugs) come from natural sources, “natural” does not always mean that it’s a safer or better option for your health.",
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"content": "justification: From the 3rd question and answer pair it seems that the medication has not been tasted against the virus just yet. Therefore, the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The GOP lawyer who helped Kanye West get on the ballot in Wisconsin USA is actively working for Donald Trump's campaign.\n\nQ1: Who is the GOP lawyer who helped Kanye West get on the ballot in Wisconsin?\nA1: Lane Ruhland\n\nQ2: Was Lane Ruhland working for Donald Trump's campaign in 2020?\nA2: Ruhland recently represented the Trump campaign in its lawsuit to force Priorities USA, a Democratic super-PAC, to pull an anti-Trump ad off the airwaves. She was in court representing the Trump campaign just last week.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: the answers and sources show that the lawyer is helping Donald Trump so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Communist government in Kerala India impose a blackout on August 5 to prevent people from watching the Ram Mandir bhoomi pujan ceremony.\n\nQ1: How did the electricity consumption rate of electricity in Kerala on August 5 compare to that of August 3 and 4, 2020?\nA1: The daily average on August 5, the day of the claimed black-out, was 56.22 million units. The daily averages on August 3 and 4 were 57.4106 and 57.7176 respectively.",
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"content": "justification: Evidence found that there were no major changes to the electricity consumption rate on August 5, compared to August 3 and 4. August 5 saw 56.22 million units, while the daily averages on August 3 and 4 were 57.4106 and 57.7176. Hence, the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Large country-randomized controlled trial in 2.7 billion people shows 79.1% lower death rate in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine\n\nQ1: What trial does the claim refer to?\nA1: Early treatment with hydroxychloroquine: a country-based analysis\n\nQ2: Did all individuals in the treatment group use hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19?\nA2: There is no evidence that the treatment group was treated.",
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"content": "justification: The 2nd Q&A pair state that there is no evidence the group in the claim were treated with the medicine in the claim, so this refutes what the claim states about figures of lower death rates in patients treated with this medicine.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar's visit to Taiwan in August 2020 is a breach of international rules.\n\nQ1: Is there a rule banning high ranking US officials from visiting Taiwan?\nA1: There is no “international rule” banning high-ranking U.S. officials from visiting Taiwan. While countries have been careful to engage in diplomacy with Taiwan, this restraint has been assumed to be out of courtesy for China, which considers the island part of China and rejects any claim of Taiwanese independence. Unlike the Communist Party-run mainland, Taiwan is a functioning democracy and has held elections since 1987",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: there are no international rules banning high ranking US officials from visiting taiwan\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The USA has more COVID-19 cases, because they do more tests\n\nQ1: When did testing increase in the US?\nA1: In May 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued the first Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for a COVID-19 RAT, the Sofia 2 test manufactured by Quidel and by mid may testing was increasing. \n\nRockefeller foundation, called for the nation to get to three million Covid-19 tests a week by July and to 30 million by October.\n\nQ2: How much did positive covid tests increase beween May to July?\nA2: May had brought signs of hope that the U.S. had gotten its Covid-19 outbreak under control, with about 20,000 new cases reported per day after April highs closer to 30,000. But by late June, the daily count climbed to about 40,000, and now it’s at about 70,000\n\nQ3: Can this increase be explained solely by the increase in testing?\nA3: No, because Epidemiologists and infectious disease experts have disputed the White House claims for weeks, citing rising hospitalization numbers and deaths. It’s hard to argue that extremely sick people, let alone dead people, had been obscured by low levels of testing but suddenly revealed by higher levels.\n\nWithout a doubt, many cases of Covid-19 in March, April, and May weren’t picked up. In late June, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director Robert Redfield told reporters that as many as 90% of cases had been missed; that is, although there were 2.3 million confirmed cases in the U.S. then, some 20 million people had probably been infected. But that reasoning applies today, too: Despite months of government claims to the contrary, not everyone who wants, or should have, a test is getting one. Using data from Covid Tracking, STAT looked at the number of people tested and the number who tested positive for the disease (cases) in every state and Washington, D.C. We did that for three dates: in mid-May, mid-June, and mid-July. (Due to reporting anomalies, the dates selected sometimes differed by a day or two between states.)\n\nFor each date, we calculated the number of cases found per 1,000 tests — a measure of the disease’s prevalence. For example, in Florida on May 13, that rate was 32. On June 13 it was 75. On July 13 it was 193. On May 13, Florida tested 15,159 people; on July 13, it tested 65,567. So indeed, the number of tests has increased.",
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"content": "justification: Seems that the actual infection cases are increasing not just the testing,from the 2nd QA. Therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: France approves the use of HCQ for treatment of Covid 19. After trials proved successful. 800 hospital have commenced using it.\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 03/08/2020\n\nQ2: Has France approved hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for Covid-19?\nA2: No, because 27/05/2020\n French government said Wednesday that doctors should no longer prescribe hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 patients, an unproven and potentially harmful treatment for the disease nonetheless promoted by US President Donald Trump.\n\nThe move came after two French advisory bodies and the World Health Organization (WHO) warned this week that the drug, a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, had been shown to be dangerous in several studies.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: France did not approve of the use of HCQ to treat COVID-19 patients as the WHO and French Advisory bodies warned against it \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: At Trump’s Tulsa rally there were 12000 people, not 6000 as reported by Axios and others.\n\nQ1: How many people were reported to have scanned tickets to Trump's June 20 rally?\nA1: Just fewer than 6,200 people attended President Donald Trump’s rally in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the Tulsa Fire Department said Sunday\n\nQ2: What was Trump campaign communications director Tim Murtaugh's comment on these statistics?\nA2: Trump campaign communications director Tim Murtaugh disputed the department’s count Sunday, saying, “12,000 people went through the metal detectors so that number is way off.”\n\nQ3: What did the media report about the attendance at the rally?\nA3: While the Trump re-election effort boasted that it would fill BOK Center, which seats more than 19,000 people, only 6,200 supporters ultimately occupied the general admission sections, the Tulsa fire marshal told NBC News.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Evidence provided by official from Tulsa Fire department that 6,200 attended rally.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Angela Merkel is the daughter of Adolf Hitler, Justin Trudeau is the son of Fidel Castro and Barbara Bush is the daughter of Aleister Crowley.\n\nQ1: Who were Barbara Bush's parents?\nA1: Barbara was born in 1925 to Pauline and Marvin Pierce\n\nQ2: Who was Angela Merkel's father?\nA2: Merkel...Her father Horst, a Lutheran pastor...\n\nQ3: Who were Justin Trudeau's parents?\nA3: The oldest of three boys, Justin grew up with the profound influence of his father, Pierre Elliott Trudeau, and his mother, Margaret Trudeau.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Parents stated in answers dont match claim.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There is now a 10-year rule. If you damage a federal property such as courthouse, you go to jail for 10 years.\n\nQ1: Which rule was introduced in 2020 to protect federal properties?\nA1: President Donald Trump signed an executive order Friday directing federal law enforcement agencies to prosecute people who damage federal monuments — and to withhold portions of federal funding to cities that don’t protect statues from demonstrators.\n\nQ2: What is the punishment for damaging federal properties according to this order?\nA2: The order directs the Department of Justice to “prosecute to the fullest extent permitted under Federal law” people who damage government monuments, participate in “efforts to incite violence,” or damage religious property. Damaging federal property can be punished by up to 10 years in prison.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Correct\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: You can test too much for Covid-19.\n\nQ1: Can you overtest for COVID-19?\nA1: Frequent testing of the entire population would help identify so-called hidden hidden carriers — individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, but who have no symptoms of it. They seem to play an important role in the spread of Covid-19. Identifying these silent spreaders could help public health workers be more effective at contract tracing by identifying others who have been exposed and may require quarantine.\n\nQ2: What are the downsides of overtesting for COVID-19?\nA2: There are also the harms of Covid-19 testing to consider.\n\nPerhaps the biggest challenge is false negatives — tests signaling no infection in those who are indeed infected. Covid-19 testing is typically performed on samples from behind the nose or in the back of the mouth, and will be positive only if the sample happens to contain the virus. In some people, the virus may be present in high quantities only deep in the lungs. False negatives occur surprisingly often — perhaps as often as one-third of the time — which could lead to a false sense of security among those with such results.\n\nTesting those without symptoms can also lead to false alarms. PCR testing for the virus, which is the best way to identify an active infection, can detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 — or remnants of it — for weeks, even when the infection is unlikely to be transmitted to others. Testing the entire population would undoubtedly identify a large number of such individuals, unnecessarily sidelining them from work and society.\n\nQ3: When should you get tested for COVID-19?\nA3: You should always get tested when you have symptoms for COVID-19.\n\nYou should also get tested when you’ve had close contact with someone who has Covid. Test 3 to 5 days after your exposure. Testing earlier to find out if you’re positive is optional.\n\nAlso get tested when asked by your school, workplace, doctor, or the Department Public of Health.\n\nTesting is a good idea before and after activities that put you or others at higher risk for Covid, like:\n\nLarge gatherings\nCrowded indoor settings\nTesting is also a good idea when you work somewhere with a higher risk of transmission, like:\n\nHomeless shelters\nJails\nPlaces where you have close contact with the public\n\nQ4: What are the benefits of frequent COVID-19 testing?\nA4: Frequent testing of the entire population would help identify so-called hidden hidden carriers — individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, but who have no symptoms of it. They seem to play an important role in the spread of Covid-19. Identifying these silent spreaders could help public health workers be more effective at contract tracing by identifying others who have been exposed and may require quarantine.\n\nQ5: What are the downsides of frequent COVID-19 testing?\nA5: There are also the harms of Covid-19 testing to consider.\n\nPerhaps the biggest challenge is false negatives — tests signaling no infection in those who are indeed infected. Covid-19 testing is typically performed on samples from behind the nose or in the back of the mouth, and will be positive only if the sample happens to contain the virus. In some people, the virus may be present in high quantities only deep in the lungs. False negatives occur surprisingly often — perhaps as often as one-third of the time — which could lead to a false sense of security among those with such results.\n\nTesting those without symptoms can also lead to false alarms. PCR testing for the virus, which is the best way to identify an active infection, can detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 — or remnants of it — for weeks, even when the infection is unlikely to be transmitted to others. Testing the entire population would undoubtedly identify a large number of such individuals, unnecessarily sidelining them from work and society.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Q&As sources show positives and negatives for frequent testing for COVID-19. Therefore the claim label selected is conflicting evidence.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trump did more for the Black community than anybody with the possible exception of Abraham Lincoln.\n\nQ1: What has Trump done for the black community?\nA1: He earned a Promise Kept for his pledge to ensure funding for historically Black colleges and universities, or HBCUs. \n\nTrump signed the bipartisan FUTURE Act in 2019 to ensure that the original science, technology, engineering and math funding for HBCUs from President George W. Bush's 2007 College Cost Reduction and Access Act would continue to be awarded.\n\nQ2: Where do historians rank Trump in relation to his achievements for the black community?\nA2: While Trump has made this assertion before, historians disagree. Right behind Lincoln, who prosecuted the Civil War and issued the Emancipation Proclamation, would be President Lyndon B. Johnson.\n\nJohnson, a skilled legislator from his years in the Senate, deliberately crafted his agenda and pushed it through Congress with personal persuasion, to a far greater degree than Trump, historians say.\n\n\"His accomplishments on behalf of African Americans — the Civil Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act, the Fair Housing Act — were historic,\" said University of Texas historian H.W. Brands.\n\nJeffrey A. Engel, director of Southern Methodist University’s Center for Presidential History, sees Johnson and President Harry Truman, who moved to desegregate the military, as being among recent presidents who were ahead of their times.\n\nEven a president like Richard Nixon, who was captured on tape making racist remarks, had a fairly robust legacy on civil rights, advancing the desegregation of schools and affirmative action in employment, said John J. Pitney, Jr., a Claremont McKenna College political scientist.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Although Trump did do some things for the black community, the last questions shows experts disagree. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: With African Americans, Trump is doing very well. They had the best employment numbers they’ve ever had. ... They were making more money than they ever made.\n\nQ1: Did the unemployment rate decrease during Trump's administration for Black Americans and their median household income increase\nA1: High employment under Trump led to minorities experiencing the largest income gains. Real median income grew by 7.9% for Blacks in 2019. That outpaced 2018’s income growth of 2.6% and 2017’s income decline of -2.4%. Notably, Black median income growth last year surpassed income growth rates under the Obama administration. There’s still more work to do though. Although Black median income hit a new high, Blacks earned the lowest income level of all groups (just over $45,000 a year)",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The 1st Q&A pair does agree with the claim that blacks saw income growth under trump, with record employment that was better than previous years. so supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The late Rep. John Lewis, D-Ga., didn't come to Trump's inauguration. He didn't come to Trump's State of the Union speeches.\n\nQ1: Did John Lewis Attend Trumps Inauguration?\nA1: No, because Did not attend.\n\nQ2: Did John Lewis attend Trumps state of the union speech's?\nA2: Rep. John Lewis (D-Ga.) said Friday that he'll skip President Trump's State of the Union address later this month over the the president's Thursday comments on \"shithole countries,\" referring to Haiti, El Salvador and several nations in Africa.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Rightly said\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: California is going to send tens of millions of ballots to California, all over the place.\n\nQ1: Was everyone set to receive a voters ballot in California for the Trump - Biden election?\nA1: Newsom’s executive order shows only registered voters would receive vote-by-mail ballots, not to anyone \"all over the place.\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The claim says all people will receive posted ballots, this is stated to not be true in the first Q&A pair, as only registered voters will receive one\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Covid deaths are way down from where it was … It spiked, but now it's going down again. It's going down in Arizona. It's going down in Florida. It's going down in Texas.\n\nQ1: what is the covid 19 death toll in Florida, Arizona and Texas\nA1: Florida reported a record increase in new COVID-19 deaths for a third day in a row on Thursday, with 252 fatalities in the last 24 hours, according to the state health department.\n\nArizona also reported a record increase with 172 fatalities on Thursday, bringing that state’s death toll to 3,626. \nTexas also had one of the biggest one-day spikes in coronavirus fatalities since the pandemic started",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The answer and source show that the death toll is going up so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Ghislaine Maxwell's boyfriend Jeffrey Epstein died in jail and people are still trying to figure out how did it happened, was it suicide, was he killed.\n\nQ1: What did Epstein's post mortem find?\nA1: A postmortem autopsy of the body of financier Jeffrey Epstein revealed that he had sustained several broken bones in his neck,\n\nQ2: How can broken bones in the neck happen?\nA2: The autopsy does not reveal the precise cause of death, however, it was found that although such broken bones can occur in people who hang themselves, they are more common among victims of homicide by strangulation, the report claimed.\n\nQ3: What was the report's conclusion?\nA3: Although the report does not clearly rule whether Epstein hanged himself or was assassinated, it does deepen the mystery surrounding his death as well as the various theories that counter the preliminary report of suicide.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The post mortem has been conducted but does not make a definite ruling on cause of death. The autopsy revealed that Epstein had sustained broken bones in his neck, but those injuries may have been caused by hanging or strangulation, so Epstein may have died by way of suicide or homicide.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 has infected fewer people than H1N1 virus, but “media hysteria” has prompted an overblown response.\n\nQ1: What is the H1N1 virus?\nA1: H1N1 is a new influenza virus causing illness in people. This new virus was first detected in people in the U.S. in April 2009 and was initially call “swine flu.” In some respects the H1N1 virus is just like any other influenza virus. It causes a predominantly respiratory illness.\n\nQ2: Is COVID-19 deadlier than the H1N1 virus?\nA2: We know that COVID-19 spreads fast, and we know that it is deadly – 10 times deadlier than the 2009 flu pandemic.\n\nWe know that the virus can spread more easily in crowded environments like nursing homes. \n\nWe know that early case-finding, testing, isolating caring for every case and tracing every contact is essential for stopping transmission.\n\nWe know that in some countries, cases are doubling every 3 to 4 days.\n\nQ3: Why is it important to treat COVID-19 seriously?\nA3: The WHO is “deeply concerned both by the alarming levels of spread and severity and by the alarming levels of inaction,” and he called on countries to take action now to contain the virus. “We should double down,” he said. “We should be more aggressive.”\n\nQ4: How many people have been infected by COVID-19?\nA4: 649M\n\nQ5: How many people have been infected by the H1N1 virus?\nA5: 60.8 million",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The evidence suggests that Covid-19 is much more infectious and much more deadly than H1N1, therefore we need to be more aware and cautious about our attitudes to fighting the virus \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: USA has tested more people than any other country.\n\nQ1: Has the USA tested more people than any other country?\nA1: Yes, because They have tested more people (although its a smaller % of the population of the country in comparison)\n\nQ2: By July 28th 2020, had USA tested more people for Covid-19 than any other country?\nA2: In terms of quantity of tests, USA had tested more people, but in terms of percentage of population tested, USA were not even in the top 50 countries.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Although the United States tested more people, the percentage of the population tested was lower. Hence, cherrypicking claim. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Reports that Russia paid bounties or offered to pay bounties to Taliban-linked militants to kill American soldiers) never reached Trump's desk.\n\nQ1: Was Trump aware of the bounties on the heads of American soldiers by the Russians\nA1: Top officials in the White House were aware in early 2019 of classified intelligence indicating Russia was secretly offering bounties to the Taliban for the deaths of Americans, a full year earlier than has been previously reported, according to U.S. officials with direct knowledge of the intelligence.\n\nQ2: Was the report made known to Donald Trump\nA2: The assessment was included in at least one of President Donald Trump’s written daily intelligence briefings at the time, according to the officials. Then-national security adviser John Bolton also told colleagues he briefed Trump on the intelligence assessment in March 2019.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The two different answers show conflicting evidence. It's not known if Trump was briefed as people have said different things about the situation. \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The violence in Portland is getting better since federal agents went in. They've arrested a lot of people.\n\nQ1: Why were federal agents sent to Portland U.S in 2020?\nA1: May 26, 2020, protests in downtown Portland were followed by nightly criminal activity including assaults on law enforcement officers, destruction of property, looting, arson, and vandalism.\n\nQ2: Did Portland officials ask for federal agents to be sent?\nA2: Portland's Mayor Wheeler said \"They're not wanted here. We haven't asked them here. In fact, we want them to leave,\"\n\nQ3: Did federal agents make any arrests during the protests in Portland?\nA3: Yes, because 22 were Arrested, and Facing Federal Charges After Protest at Federal Courthouse in Portland\nCharges include assaulting federal officers, failing to obey lawful orders, and operating a drone in restricted airspace\n\nQ4: Did violence at the protests decrease after federal agents showed up in Portland?\nA4: Mayor Ted Wheeler said, \"They are sharply escalating the situation,\"\n\nQ5: Was the presence of federal agents in Portland criticized by any officials other than the Mayor?\nA5: Oregon Gov. Kate Brown said, Federal Officers Are 'Adding Gasoline To A Fire'\n\nQ6: Did the federal officers leave Portland?\nA6: Yes, because federal government agreed to withdraw federal officers from Portland on 29 Jul 2020\n\nQ7: Did violence go down at the protests after federal agents left?\nA7: Portland protests became peaceful after federal officers scaled back presence\n\nQ8: What was the result of federal officers arriving in Portland?\nA8: Speaking to CNN on Sunday, Mayor Wheeler said there were \"dozens if not hundreds of federal troops\" in the city, adding: \"Their presence here is actually leading to more violence and more vandalism.",
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"content": "justification: According to Mayor Ted Wheeler, federal agents presence actually led to more violence and more vandalism. Although they have made some arrest. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Millions of ballots are being mailed, nobody even knows where they’re going.\n\nQ1: Millions of ballots are being mailed in California, nobody even knows where they’re going.\nA1: Yes, because Notwithstanding any limitation on the distribution of vote-by-mail\nballots in Elections Code sections 1500 and 4000-4007, or any other\nprovision of state law, each county elections officials shall transmit\nvote-by-mail ballots for the November 3, 2020 General Election to all\nvoters who are, as of the last day on which vote-by-mail ballots may\nbe transmitted to voters in connection with that election, registered to\nvote in that election. As set forth in this paragraph, every Californian\nwho is eligible to vote in the November 3, 2020 General Election shall\nreceive a vote-by-mail ballot.\n\nQ2: Where are the mail-in ballots going\nA2: The mail-in ballots are going to the registered voters, both those in the States and those abroad",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 shows that only people registered to vote up to the last day before ballots are posted can receive a ballot in the post (which would very likely be in the millions as claimed), with Q&A 2 saying The mail-in ballots are going to the registered voters so yes people do know where the ballots are going not what is claimed that nobody knows.\n\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Korea have spikes of Covid cases and nobody knows if they only had 300 deaths.\n\nQ1: During the pandemic was there a spike in the number of COVID cases in South Korea\nA1: They had a spike between February 26- March 5 there were more than 200 cases each day\n\nQ2: Did South Korea have another spike after of more than 200 daily cases after March\nA2: No, because The Chart shows there no record of more than 200 case in a day\n\nQ3: How many Covid deaths were recorded in South Korea before July 28, 2020 when Trump was interviewed\nA3: between Feb. 15 to July 27, South Korea had only 300 deaths\n\nQ4: was South Korea's COVID effort transparent and trustworthy?\nA4: This article discusses the compelling challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic by examining how this wicked problem has been managed by the South Korean government with agile‐adaptive, transparent actions to mitigate the surge of COVID‐19. Unlike many Western countries, South Korea has been able to contain the spread of COVID‐19 without a harsh forced lockdown of the epicenter of the virus. This essay argues that an agile‐adaptive approach, a policy of transparency in communicating risk, and citizens’ voluntary cooperation are critical factors.\n\nQ5: Was South Korea good at managing the COVID epidemic?\nA5: South Korea introduced what was considered one of the largest and best-organised epidemic control programs in the world",
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"content": "justification: the answers do not show a spike in cases, beyond the 200 a day during the original spike in feb-march 2020. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Devender Sharma fabricated false covid-19 positive reports for patients in order to get them admitted for kidney harvesting.\n\nQ1: During what period was Devender Sharma's alleged involvement in Kidney harvesting related crimes?\nA1: Delhi Police found out that he had illegally transplanted more than 125 kidneys between 1994 and 2004 with the help of middlemen and other doctors.\n\nQ2: When were the first recorded cases of Coronavirus?\nA2: On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was subsequently identified from patient samples.\n\nQ3: Was Devender Sharma involved in any Kidney organ related crimes with reports of a coronavirus connection?\nA3: On 30th July 2020 The Wire India reported that Devender Sharma had confessed to being the mastermind behind at least 50 murder cases, when he was arrested after jumping parole in January 2020. From 1994 to 2004, he claimed to have carried out more than illegal 125 kidney transplants. There are no reports of any coronavirus connection to his crimes, or instances of Kidney organ related crimes between 2004 and 2020, which includes the period of the coronavirus pandemic.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There were no reports of him related to any kidney related or Covid-19 related crimes between 2004 - 2020\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: \"Depending on which study you look at,\" he said, \"either 68% or 5 out of 6 individuals ... are making more on unemployment than they did on the job.\"\n\nQ1: What proportion of unemployed Americans receive benefits that exceed their lost earnings?\nA1: 68%\n\nQ2: What are unemployed individuals earning that means they are earning more out of work than they would be in work?\nA2: The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES) Act substantially expanded Unemploy-\nment Insurance (UI) in order to help workers losing jobs as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. One provision\nof the Act creates an additional $600 weekly benefit known as the Federal Pandemic Unemployment Com-\npensation (FPUC). The size of the payment—$600—was designed to replace 100 percent of the mean U.S.\nwage when combined with mean state UI benefits.\n\nQ3: What is the ratio between the unemployment benefits to mean pre-tax wages?\nA3: As designed, the ratio of mean unemployment benefits to mean pre-tax wages under CARES is roughly\n100%. However, this masks substantial heterogeneity. We find that 76% of unemployed workers have a\nstatutory replacement rate above 100%.\n\nQ4: Does this mean that some unemployed are earning more than they would be whilst in work?\nA4: Yes, because That means that three in four unemployed workers are eligible for\nbenefits which exceed their lost wages. The median statutory replacement rate is 145%. 69% of unemployed\nworkers have comprehensive replacement rates above 100% and so qualify for unemployment benefits which\nexceed total post-payroll tax wages and non-wage compensation. The median comprehensive replacement\nrate is 134%\n\nQ5: Why are some unemployed people now earning more than when they were in work?\nA5: These conclusions arise because the CARES Act sends a fixed $600 supplement to unemployed workers\nwho have very different pre-job loss earnings: $600 is a larger percentage of pre-job loss earnings for low\nthan for high earners. The CARES Act implemented a fixed supplement to all workers in part because it\nwas viewed as infeasible to implement policies which depended on individual earnings. Since the $600 UI\nsupplement was targeted to generate 100% earnings replacement based on mean earnings, this $600 sup-\nplement tends to imply greater than 100% earnings replacement for those with less than mean earnings.\nFurthermore, these high replacement rates for below-mean workers are amplified by the fact that the dis-\ntribution of earnings is skewed: median earnings are less than mean earnings. This means that the typical\nunemployed worker has below-mean prior earnings and thus above-mean replacement rates. This implies\nthat most workers have replacement rates above 100%.",
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"content": "justification: This is claim supported. According to the QA pairs, the CARES Act sent a fixed $600 supplement to all unemployed workers. 68% of unemployed Americans receive benefits that exceed their lost earnings. Therefore, this claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US Washington mayor exempted members of Congress from the mandatory 14 day quarantine, after travelling to a coronavirus high risk area to attend the funeral of John Lewis.\n\nQ1: Who was John Lewis?\nA1: John Lewis (Democratic Party) was a member of the U.S. House, representing Georgia's 5th Congressional District for 33 years until his death on July 17, 2020. Lewis’s body lay in state at the US Capitol, a rarely-bestowed honor.\n\nQ2: What were US Washington DC’s mayor's orders for non-essential travel in effect at the time of the funeral of John Lewis in order to curb the spread of COVID-19 ?\nA2: The order required members of Washington, DC, US and area to self-quarantine for 14 days after traveling for non-essential purposes from COVID-19 high-risk areas to the Washington District.\n\nQ3: What were US Washington DC’s mayor's orders for essential travel in effect at the time of the funeral of John Lewis in order to curb the spread of COVID-19 ?\nA3: Those who returned to the US capital after essential travel to a COVID-19 high-risk state needed to monitor themselves for symptoms of COVID-19 for two weeks, but they did not have to self-quarantine.\n\nQ4: What was the definition of essential travel during the enforcement period of the US Washington DC’s mayor's orders to curb the spread of COVID-19.\nA4: Essential travel... is defined ...as including that related to essential government activities as well as travel required to visit a house of worship.\n\nQ5: How does this apply to the circumstance of members of the US Congress attending the funeral of Congressman John Lewis?\nA5: Government activity was essential, and the Capitol of the United States was exempt from the Mayor’s Order.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Written nicely \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Devender Sharma ran an illegal kidney racket on the pretext of coronavirus.\n\nQ1: Was Devender Sharma convicted of selling kidney's?\nA1: Yes, because Dr Sharma ran an illegal kidney racket in the early 2000's.\n\nQ2: Did Devender Sharma murder over 100 people?\nA2: The amount of victims is unknown but believed to be over 50.\n\nQ3: Did Devender Sharma feed crocodiles with the bodies of his murder victims?\nA3: Sharma and his associates dumped bodies in a canal infested with crocodiles to get rid of evidence. It is unknown whether Sharma himself directly fed victims bodies to crocodiles.\n\nQ4: Did Devender Sharma's murders take place during the Covid-19 epidemic?\nA4: No, because Devender Sharma was already serving a life sentence when the Covid-19 epidemic started. His crimes took place in the early 2000's.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Devender Sharma was already imprisoned by time the Covid pandemic started.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The COVID-19 vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech will be available on the market on August 15, 2020.\n\nQ1: Will the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech be available on the market on August 15, 2020?\nA1: No, because India's COVID-19 vaccine candidates will go through a rigorous evaluation process that will not be compromised, the government's Principal Scientific Advisor K VijayRaghavan said on Friday, indicating that the ICMR-Bharat Biotech vaccine is unlikely to be out by August 15.\n\nQ2: When will the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech be potentially approved?\nA2: August 15 2020\n\nQ3: Does the Indian government think the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Bharat Biotech will be available on the market on August 15, 2020?\nA3: India's COVID-19 vaccine candidates will go through a rigorous evaluation process that will not be compromised, the government's Principal Scientific Advisor K VijayRaghavan said on Friday, indicating that the ICMR-Bharat Biotech vaccine is unlikely to be out by August 15.\n\nQ4: When does the company, Bharat Biotech, expect Covaxin (their Covid 19 vaccine) to be available for mass use by the public in India?\nA4: If the clinical trials of Covaxin go well and meet the highest safety and efficacy standards, and if the regulators approve of them, it can be available for mass use by early 2021, Dr Krishna Ella, Chairman and Managing director, Bharat Biotech, told Sumi Sukanya Dutta in an interview.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A 1 shows a statement made by Principal Scientific Advisor K VijayRaghavan which said , indicating that the ICMR-Bharat Biotech vaccine is unlikely to be out by August 15 for 2020, with Q&A 2 showing that it was expected fo early 2021 not 2020 at all as claimed.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya's judiciary does not get even 1% of the national budget.\n\nQ1: What percentage of the country's budget does the judiciary in Kenya get?\nA1: With regards to budgetary allocation, in the year 2015/2016, Kshs. \n14.8B was allocated to the Judiciary, which translated to 0.96% \nof the total national budget. In the year 2016/2017, Kshs. 17.1B \nwas allocated, which is 0.99% of the total national budget. In the \nyear 2017/2018, the allocation reduced to Kshs. 14.2B translating \nto 0.69% of the total national budget. In the year 2018/2019, the \nallocation was Kshs. 14.5B translating to 0.43% of the total national \nbudget. In the current financial year, the allocation stands at 18.8B, \nwhich is about 0.44% of the budget.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Evidence in the answer suggests that the amount is below 1% and at just 0.44% so the claim seems to be supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2018, South African police service officers were accused of 217 cases of torture and 3,661 cases of assault\n\nQ1: Who investigates alleged offences committed by SA police?\nA1: The IPID Act empowers the Department to investigate offences listed hereunder, allegedly committed by the\nSAPS and the MPS members.\nSection 28 (1) of the IPID Act:\n(a) Any death in police custody\n(b) Deaths as a result of police actions;\n(c) Complaints relating to the discharge of an offi cial fi rearm by any police offi cer;\n(d) Rape by a police offi cer, whether the police offi cer is on or off duty;\n(e) Rape of any person in police custody;\nAnnual Report 2018 / 2019\n17\n(f) Any complaint of torture or assault against a police offi cer in the execution of his or her duties;\n(g) Corruption matters within the police initiated by the Executive Director, or after a complaint from a member of\nthe public or referred to the Department by the Minister, Member of Executive Council (MEC) or the Secretary\nfor the Police Service;\n(h) Any other matter referred to the IPID as a result of a decision by the Executive Director or if so requested by\nthe Minister, an MEC or the Secretary for the Police Service as the case may be.\n\nQ2: How many cases of torture and assault were reported o the IPID in 2018?\nA2: A total of 5 651 cases were reported to the IPID during the reporting period (2017/18) The majority of the cases reported were within\nSection 28(1) (a) to (h). Of these, 3 661 were assault cases, 677 were cases of complaints of discharge of an official firearm(s), 436\nwere cases of deaths as a result of police action followed by 217 cases of torture.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The second answer matches the number in the claim so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A married couple in Florida, Tito and Amanda Watts, was arrested for selling fake golden tickets to heaven to hundreds of people.\n\nQ1: Did married couple Tito and Amanda Watts from Florida get arrested for selling fake golden tickets to heaven?\nA1: No, because UPDATE: This story turned out to be an April Fool’s joke, and unfortunately we fell for it. The story, which several other websites also reported as fact, originated on March 31 with the website Stuppid.com, and the photos of the fictional “Tito and Amanda Watts” came from this 2011 collection of bizarre mug shots. We apologize for publishing false information and regret this error.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer and source clearly explains that it was an April Fool's joke so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There is a ‘global average’ for the number of judges and magistrates to number of people\n\nQ1: Is there a global average of judges to the number of people?\nA1: Yes, because No it varies per country, for example: \n1.3 judges or magistrates for every 100,000 people in Kenya in 2014, 3.6 for South Africa in 2015, and 0.8 for the US and 8.7 for China in 2017.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It is not a global average but an average determined by the country\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Michigan Senator Gary Peters is known for doing nothing, where he has skipped 84% of small business hearings and 89% of hearings on China.\n\nQ1: In 2019, how many votes did Sen Peters miss in the house\nA1: He missed none of them\n\nQ2: Out of 85 Senators, how many other senators had the same record as Gary Peters\nA2: Only 15 senators had the same record\n\nQ3: In the 2017-2018 yeat, what was Senator Gary Peter's ranking\nA3: He ranked as the 4th most effective\n\nQ4: How many small business committee meetings and China panel meetings did Sen Gary Peters miss\nA4: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Its clear from the Q&As that the senator has a good track record and is not known for doing nothing. Its not confirmed about the % of hearings missed, but it seems from his ranking this would not be true\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya's courts dispose of about 300,000 cases every year\n\nQ1: How many cases are solved on avergae per annum in Kenya's courts?\nA1: For the period 2014/15 to 2018/19 an average of 321,652 cases were resolved on average per year.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Statistics from the answer suggest that the claim is supported and true, throughout the years 2014 to 2019 it's on record that an average of over 300,000 have been resolved.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Kenya now with a population of about 48 million, we have one judge serving over 300,000 people\n\nQ1: What is the population of Kenya as of 2019\nA1: The population has grown to 47.6 Million in 2019\n\nQ2: How many judges were in Kenya in the same year\nA2: The Judiciary is composed of 155 Judges\n\nQ3: What is the ratio of judges to people in Kenya\nA3: It is one judge to 307, 097 people",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The population of Kenya in the claim is accurate. The 2018 State of the Judiciary report says there are 155 judges.\nArithmetic shows that 47,600,000 divided by 155 is over 300,000.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Soon Ram Mandir will also have a kitchen and Bhojanalya, where devotees visiting the town will be offered free meals and the ‘Raghupati’ laddus as Prasadam\n\nQ1: What is Ram Mandir?\nA1: Ram Mandir is a Hindu temple that is being built in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India, at the site of Ram Janmabhoomi\n\nQ2: Will the Ram Mandir have a kitchen that offers free meals?\nA2: Yes, because As per Prabhat Khabar, Mahavir Temple Trust of Patna will arrange a community banquet for the devotees of Ram temple in Ayodhya and the name will be ‘Ram Rasoi’.\n\nThe Trust plans to make regular meals and ‘Raghupati’ laddus for devotees in this kitchen. The trust started a community kitchen ‘Sita Rasoi’ in Sitamarhi, the birthplace of Sita where free meals are now being served. In Ayodhya, a similar kitchen will be started near Lord Ram Janambhoomi site, which will be named as ‘Ram Rasoi’.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Seems that free meals will indeed be offered, therefore the claim is supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya has one magistrate serving over 77,000 people\n\nQ1: What is the population of Kenya in 2019\nA1: The total enumerated population was 47,564,296\n\nQ2: How many magistrates are in Kenya in 2019\nA2: 546 magistrates",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The total enumerated population is 47,564,296 and 546 magistrates \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: With a population of about 48 million, Kenya has only one judge serving over 300,000 people\n\nQ1: What was the population of Kenya at time of claim?\nA1: 47,564,296 according to 2019 census data.\n\nQ2: How many Judges were there in Kenya in 2019?\nA2: data from the judiciary shows there were 153 judges as of June 2019.\n\nQ3: What is 47,564,296/153?\nA3: 47,564,296/153 = 310877.751634\n\nSo rounded up is 310,878 people per judge.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Census data and arithmetic prove this.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 1.110,000 Delicious Laddus are being prepared for the Bhoomi Poojan Ceremony at Sri Ramachandra Janmabhoomi Ayodhya\n\nQ1: How many Laddus are being made ?\nA1: 1,110,000\n\nQ2: What will be done with the 1,110,000 laddus?\nA2: In this ritual, besan laddoos made in pure ghee will be distributed to the people as Prasad. For this, 1.11 lakh laddus are being made, the work of distribution of laddus is being done by Devraha Baba Sanstha. These laddus will be ready by August 4.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: True\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya has an average of 400,000 cases being filed in our courts every year\n\nQ1: How many cases were lodged between 2014-2015 to 2018-2019\nA1: More than two million\n\nQ2: What is the average number of cases per year?\nA2: The average number of cases is 405,283 a year",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The 2nd Q&A pair state the figure for how many cases are filed in Kenyan court is 405 thousand, which is close enough to the claims 400 thousand to support it.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya has one magistrate serving over 77,000 people\n\nQ1: What is the population of Kenya in 2019\nA1: The total enumerated population was 47,564,296\n\nQ2: How many magistrates are in Kenya as of 2019\nA2: The most recent data from the judiciary shows there were 546 magistrates in Kenya as of June 2019.\n\nQ3: What is 47,564,296 divided by 546\nA3: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: although the number of people per magistrate is higher, it is enough to confirm this claim. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: an average of 400,000 cases being filed in Kenya's courts every year\n\nQ1: The judiciary dosent even get even 1% of the budget ?\nA1: Maraga, who assumed office in 2016, asked for more funding as the judiciary does not even get 1% of the national budget. For the judiciary to operate properly they should get at least 2.5% of the national budget. This claim is correct.\n\nQ2: Has there been around 400,000 cases filed in African courts every year ?\nA2: The most recent state of the judiciary report covers the 2018/19 financial year. Released in January 2020, it shows that more than two million cases were lodged in all courts between 2014/15 and 2018/19.\n\nQ3: Are only 300,000 cases disposed every year in Africa ?\nA3: Discussing the country’s case backlog, Maraga said the judiciary settles about 300,000 cases every year. This number was determined by the number of judges and magistrates and would only continue to pile up.\n\nQ4: Is their only one judge serving 300,000 people in Kenya ?\nA4: There are 47.6 million people in Kenya, according to 2019 census data. The most recent data from the judiciary shows there were 153 judges as of June 2019.\nThis claim is correct.\n\nQ5: Is their only one magistrate serving over 77,000 people ?.\nA5: The most recent data from the judiciary shows there were 546 magistrates in Kenya as of June 2019. The state of the judiciary report was released in January 2020. \nUsing a population of 47.6 million, this works out to one magistrate for every 87,114 people. This claim is partially true but understated.",
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"content": "justification: QA 2 provides evidence of an average of 400k cases being filed every year over 5 years.\nNB Linked source in QA 2 appears to be a fact check article (link not opening but address bar shows africacheck.org).\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya President Uhuru Kenyatta said that health experts had “indicated that levels of the positivity rate countrywide have fallen from a high of 13% in June to 8% in August” and described this as “very encouraging”.\n\nQ1: What was Kenya's positivity rate for covid19 in June 2020?\nA1: 8%\n\nQ2: What was Kenya's positivity rate high for COVID-19 in June 2020?\nA2: 6.7%\n\nQ3: What was Kenya's positivity rate high for COVID-19 in August 2020?\nA3: 11.9%",
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"content": "justification: The opposite has happened, the rates have risen from June to August\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The judiciary does not even get 1% of the Kenyan national budget.\n\nQ1: What share percentage did the judiciary receive from the Kenyan national budget in 2019/20?\nA1: 0.7%\n\nQ2: What share percentage did the judiciary receive from the Kenyan national budget in 2020/21?\nA2: 0.6%\n\nQ3: Has the judiciary ever received 1% of the Kenyan national budget?\nA3: Yes, because In 2014–15, 1.1% of the national budget went to the judiciary.\n\nQ4: When was the claim made?\nA4: 1st August 2020.",
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"content": "justification: Kenyan judiciary received 0.7% from the Kenyan national budget in 2019/20. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Since 2002 South Africa’s police force has grown by 50%\n\nQ1: When was this claim made?\nA1: 01/08/2020\n\nQ2: What does a police force consist of?\nA2: Sworn and unsworn staff\n\nQ3: How big was the South African police force in 2002?\nA3: 2002/03 Report\n102,737 officers + 29,573 support staff = 132,310 total employees\n\nQ4: How big was the South African police force in 2020?\nA4: 2018/19 Report\n\n192,277 total employees being 150,885 officers + 41,392 Public Service Act employees\n\nQ5: Did the South Africa's police force grew by 50% since 2002 ?\nA5: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: the police force went from 102737 officers to 192777 officers since 2002\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The South African Police Service kills three times more people per capita than the United States police force\n\nQ1: How many people were killed by US police officers in 2018?\nA1: Its researchers estimated that 1,140 people were killed by US police in 2018 – or 3.5 people per million. South Africa’s rate was 2.8 times larger.\n\nQ2: How many people were killed by South African police officers in 2018?\nA2: Clarke said he used Ipid’s 2017/18 figures on the number of people who died as a result of police action (558) and South Africa’s 2018 population estimate. Based on this, there were about 9.7 reported deaths as a result of police action for each million people in South Africa.\n\nQ3: Are these statistics likely accurate?\nA3: The Mapping Police Violence project does not record instances of “people who were killed by a civilian driver or crashed without being hit directly by police during a police pursuit”. South Africa, on the other hand, records all deaths due to collisions “while being pursued by police”.\n\nBased on the limitations of the available data and the number of deaths that may go unreported in both countries, it is hard to say these are accurate.",
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"content": "justification: Police in South Africa kill 2.8 times more than police in USA but the mapping police violence project doesn't record instances of “people who were killed by a civilian driver or crashed without being hit directly by police during a police pursuit”. South Africa, on the other hand, records all deaths due to collisions “while being pursued by police”.\n\nBased on the limitations of the available data and the number of deaths that may go unreported in both countries so , it is hard to say these are accurate.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: face coverings/masks became “mandatory” in shops and indoor public spaces in Northern Ireland on 1 August 2020\n\nQ1: What is northern Irelands advice on mask wearing in shops for covid prevention?\nA1: Face coverings are strongly encouraged in Northern Ireland's shops, but are not mandatory.\n\nQ2: Did Northern Ireland ever decide to make mask wearing manditory in shops and indoor spaces.\nA2: On 6 August 2020, the NI Executive announced that the use of face coverings in certain indoor settings will be mandatory from Monday August 10",
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"content": "justification: face coverings/masks were mad mandatory after 1 August, the NI made Executive announcement on 6th August. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Social distancing, to prevent the spread of coronavirus was not practiced at the funeral of civil rights icon, John Lewis.\n\nQ1: What precautions were taken at the funeral of John Lewis because of the pandemic?\nA1: precautions necessary during the pandemic, the church will only accommodate 240 people in total, due to social distancing precautions.\n\nQ2: Was the need for social distancing referenced in the service?\nA2: Yes, because The church’s senior pastor, Raphael Warnock, referred to social distancing at the 39:32 mark of the livestreamed service when he spoke of “these difficult days that have even made grieving more challenging. At a time when we would find comfort in embracing one another, love compels us to socially distance.”\n\nQ3: Are there any images of the funeral service that show social distancing?\nA3: Yes, because Photo by Alyssa Pointer / POOL / AFP",
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"content": "justification: All evidence points to the rules of social distancing being followed at the funeral of John Lewis.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In the UK the new daily allowance for peers in the House of Lords in 2020 is £323.\n\nQ1: How much do peers in the house of Lords earn daily in 2020\nA1: In 2020 Peers in the House of Lords could claim a daily allowance of £323",
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"content": "justification: It's a fact. Those are the rules set down by Parliament.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Walt Disney's Characters Mickey and Minnie Mouse Were Twins\n\nQ1: Are Mickey and Minnie Mouse married?\nA1: Mickey is married to Minnie.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Husband and wife not brother and sister.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: COVID-19 cases in the Baranguay UP campus increased due to the SONAgkaisa rally held there on July 27 2020.\n\nQ1: When was the rally held?\nA1: July 27\n\nQ2: When did the claim say the people were testing positive for Covid?\nA2: 28th July, just one day after the rally.\n\nQ3: What is the incubation (the time it takes for symptoms to appear after catching the disease) ?\nA3: 1 to 12.5 days\n\nQ4: Have there been any official reports to confirm these people caught covid from the rally?\nA4: No answer could be found.\n\nQ5: How long does it take before an infected COVID-19 patients test positive and shows symptoms\nA5: The incubation period (time from exposure to the development of symptoms) of the virus is estimated to be between 2 and 14 days based on the following sources:\n\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) reported an incubation period for COVID-19 between 2 and 10 days. [1]\nChina’s National Health Commission (NHC) had initially estimated an incubation period from 10 to 14 days [2].\nThe United States' CDC estimates the incubation period for COVID-19 to be between 2 and 14 days [3].\nDXY.cn, a leading Chinese online community for physicians and health care professionals, is reporting an incubation period of \"3 to 7 days, up to 14 days\".\n\nQ6: When was this rally held\nA6: July 27th, 2020\n\nQ7: When did the UDP bulletin record 118 new cases of COVID-19\nA7: July 28th, 2020",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 5 states that it takes between 2 and 14 days to show positive on a test after exposure, which is contradictory of Q&A 7 which shows cases rose only 1 day after the rally in the claim. but as Q&A 3 shows only symptoms can appear after 1 day. so it does seem unlikely that evidence points to the event being the cause so fast. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Scores of politicians and others are on a “list” of sex cases from newly unsealed Ghislaine Maxwell court documents.\n\nQ1: Have court documents from the trial of Ghislaine Maxwell been unsealed and released?\nA1: The trove of documents—primarily pieces of civil depositions, affidavits and motions from years past—were unsealed by a Manhattan federal judge\n\nQ2: Did the documents contain any names of politicians involved with the case?\nA2: Yes, because The list shows many politicians names.\n\nQ3: Do the court documents show names of politicians relating to new unknown crimes?\nA3: No, because All names are shown in relation to past events that were already known",
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"content": "justification: all the names are known already, nothing new is un the unsealed documents \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Ratneshwar temple leans at an angle higher than the Leaning Tower of Pisa.\n\nQ1: How far does the Ratneshwar temple lean towards an angle?\nA1: ...around 9 degrees.\n\nQ2: How far does the Tower of Pisa lean towards an angle?\nA2: ...leans at 3.99 degrees.",
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"content": "justification: Yes the angle of Ratneshwar temple is larger than that of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 3.8% of Wisconsin’s coronavirus funding has been spent.\n\nQ1: Has winconsin funding been fully spent?\nA1: Steil cited a report from the U.S. Department of Treasury, which said Wisconsin spent or transferred 3.8% of its CARES Act funds from March 1 to June 30.\n\nBut that figure doesn’t include expenses already incurred or funds already committed to programs and response efforts",
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"content": "justification: The answer and source shows that 3,8% has been spent so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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