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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/group-replication-member-actions.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="group-replication-member-actions">
</a>
20.5.1.5 Configuring Member Actions
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045133472688">
</a>
<p>
Group Replication has the ability to set actions for the members
of a group to take in specified situations. Member actions can
be enabled and disabled individually using functions. The member
actions configuration for a server can also be reset to the
default after it has left the group.
</p>
<p>
Administrators (with the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_group-replication-admin">
<code class="literal">
GROUP_REPLICATION_ADMIN
</code>
</a>
privilege) can configure a member action on the group’s
primary using the
<a class="link" href="group-replication-functions-for-member-actions.html#function_group-replication-enable-member-action">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_enable_member_action
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="group-replication-functions-for-member-actions.html#function_group-replication-disable-member-action">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_disable_member_action
</code>
</a>
function. The member actions configuration, consisting of all
the member actions and whether they are enabled or disabled, is
then propagated to other group members and joining members using
Group Replication’s group messages. All group members
therefore have the same member actions configuration. You can
also configure member actions on a server that is not part of a
group, as long as the Group Replication plugin is installed. In
that case, the member actions configuration is not propagated to
any other servers.
</p>
<p>
If the server where you use the functions to configure a member
action is part of a group, it must be the current primary in a
group in single-primary mode, and it must be part of the
majority. The configuration change is tracked internally by
Group Replication, but it is not given a GTID and is not written
to the binary log, so it is not propagated to any servers
outside the group, such as downstream replicas. Group
Replication increments the version number for its member actions
configuration each time a member action is enabled or disabled.
</p>
<p>
The member actions configuration is propagated to members as
follows:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When starting a group, the member actions configuration of
the server that bootstraps the group becomes the
configuration for the group.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If a group’s lowest MySQL Server version supports member
actions, joining members receive the group’s member
actions configuration during the state exchange process that
takes place when they join. In that case, the joining member
replaces its own member actions configuration with the
group’s.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If a joining member that supports member actions joins a
group where the lowest MySQL Server version does not support
member actions, it does not receive a member actions
configuration when it joins. In that case, the joining
member resets its own configuration to the default.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
A member that does not support member actions cannot join a
group that has a member actions configuration, because its MySQL
Server version is lower than the lowest version that the
existing group members are running.
</p>
<p>
The Performance Schema table
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-replication-group-member-actions-table.html" title="29.12.11.14 The replication_group_member_actions Table">
<code class="literal">
replication_group_member_actions
</code>
</a>
lists the member actions that are available in the
configuration, the events that trigger them, and whether or not
they are currently enabled. Member actions have a priority from
1 to 100, with lower values being actioned first. If an error
occurs when the member action is being carried out, the failure
of the member action can be logged but otherwise ignored. If the
failure of the member action is considered critical, it can be
handled according to the policy specified by the
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_exit_state_action">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_exit_state_action
</code>
</a>
system variable.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
mysql.replication_group_configuration_version
</code>
table, which can be viewed using the Performance Schema table
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-replication-group-configuration-version-table.html" title="29.12.11.12 The replication_group_configuration_version Table">
<code class="literal">
replication_group_configuration_version
</code>
</a>
,
records the current version of the member actions configuration.
Whenever a member action is enabled or disabled using the
functions, the version number is incremented.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="group-replication-functions-for-member-actions.html#function_group-replication-reset-member-actions">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_reset_member_actions
</code>
</a>
function can only be used on a server that is not part of a
group. It resets the member actions configuration to the default
settings, and resets its version number to 1. The server must be
writeable (with the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_read_only">
<code class="literal">
read_only
</code>
</a>
system variable set to
<code class="literal">
OFF
</code>
) and have the
Group Replication plugin installed. You can use this function to
remove the member actions configuration that a server used when
it was part of a group, if you intend to use it as a standalone
server with no member actions or different member actions.
</p>
<p>
The member action
<code class="literal">
mysql_disable_super_read_only_if_primary
</code>
can
be set so that a group in single-primary mode stay in super
read-only mode when a new primary is elected; this means that
the group accepts replicated transactions only, and does not
accept any direct writes from clients. This setup means that
when a group's is intended to provide a secondary backup to
another group for disaster tolerance, you can ensure that the
secondary group remains synchronized with the first.
</p>
<p>
By default, super read-only mode is disabled on the primary when
it is elected, so that the primary becomes read/write, and
accepts updates from a replication source server and from
clients. This is the situation when the member action
<code class="literal">
mysql_disable_super_read_only_if_primary
</code>
is
enabled, which is its default setting. If you set the action to
disabled using the
<a class="link" href="group-replication-functions-for-member-actions.html#function_group-replication-disable-member-action">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_disable_member_action()
</code>
</a>
function, the primary remains in super read-only mode after
election. In this state, it does not accept updates from any
clients, even users who have the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_connection-admin">
<code class="literal">
CONNECTION_ADMIN
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_super">
<code class="literal">
SUPER
</code>
</a>
privilege. It does continue
to accept updates performed by replication threads.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/alter-event.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="alter-event">
</a>
15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045189830096">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045189828608">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045189827120">
</a>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa26603456"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">DEFINER</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword"><em class="replaceable">user</em></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">EVENT</span> <em class="replaceable">event_name</em>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEDULE</span> <span class="token keyword"><em class="replaceable">schedule</em></span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">COMPLETION</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">NOT</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">PRESERVE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">RENAME</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <em class="replaceable">new_event_name</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">ENABLE</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">DISABLE</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">DISABLE</span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span> {<span class="token keyword">REPLICA</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">SLAVE</span>}<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">COMMENT</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">string</em>'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">DO</span> <em class="replaceable">event_body</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
statement changes
one or more of the characteristics of an existing event without
the need to drop and recreate it. The syntax for each of the
<code class="literal">
DEFINER
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
ON SCHEDULE
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
ON COMPLETION
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
COMMENT
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
ENABLE
</code>
/
<code class="literal">
DISABLE
</code>
, and
<a class="link" href="do.html" title="15.2.3 DO Statement">
<code class="literal">
DO
</code>
</a>
clauses is exactly the same as
when used with
<a class="link" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE EVENT
</code>
</a>
. (See
<a class="xref" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.13, “CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
.)
</p>
<p>
Any user can alter an event defined on a database for which that
user has the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_event">
<code class="literal">
EVENT
</code>
</a>
privilege. When
a user executes a successful
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
EVENT
</code>
</a>
statement, that user becomes the definer for the
affected event.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
works only with an
existing event:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa85223607"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">EVENT</span> no_such_event
<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEDULE</span>
<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">EVERY</span> <span class="token string">'2:3'</span> <span class="token keyword">DAY_HOUR</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">ERROR 1517 (HY000)<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Unknown event 'no_such_event'</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
In each of the following examples, assume that the event named
<code class="literal">
myevent
</code>
is defined as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa35654936"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">EVENT</span> myevent
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEDULE</span>
<span class="token keyword">EVERY</span> <span class="token number">6</span> <span class="token keyword">HOUR</span>
<span class="token keyword">COMMENT</span> <span class="token string">'A sample comment.'</span>
<span class="token keyword">DO</span>
<span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> myschema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mytable <span class="token keyword">SET</span> mycol <span class="token operator">=</span> mycol <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The following statement changes the schedule for
<code class="literal">
myevent
</code>
from once every six hours starting
immediately to once every twelve hours, starting four hours from
the time the statement is run:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa63867249"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">EVENT</span> myevent
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEDULE</span>
<span class="token keyword">EVERY</span> <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token keyword">HOUR</span>
<span class="token keyword">STARTS</span> <span class="token keyword">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">INTERVAL</span> <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token keyword">HOUR</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
It is possible to change multiple characteristics of an event in a
single statement. This example changes the SQL statement executed
by
<code class="literal">
myevent
</code>
to one that deletes all records from
<code class="literal">
mytable
</code>
; it also changes the schedule for the
event such that it executes once, one day after this
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
statement is run.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa45964558"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">EVENT</span> myevent
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEDULE</span>
<span class="token keyword">AT</span> <span class="token keyword">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">INTERVAL</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token keyword">DAY</span>
<span class="token keyword">DO</span>
<span class="token keyword">TRUNCATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> myschema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mytable<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Specify the options in an
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
EVENT
</code>
</a>
statement only for those characteristics that you
want to change; omitted options keep their existing values. This
includes any default values for
<a class="link" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
EVENT
</code>
</a>
such as
<code class="literal">
ENABLE
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
To disable
<code class="literal">
myevent
</code>
, use this
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
statement:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa92921487"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">EVENT</span> myevent
<span class="token keyword">DISABLE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
ON SCHEDULE
</code>
clause may use expressions
involving built-in MySQL functions and user variables to obtain
any of the
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
timestamp
</code>
</em>
or
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
interval
</code>
</em>
values which it contains. You
cannot use stored routines or loadable functions in such
expressions, and you cannot use any table references; however, you
can use
<code class="literal">
SELECT FROM DUAL
</code>
. This is true for both
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE EVENT
</code>
</a>
statements. References
to stored routines, loadable functions, and tables in such cases
are specifically not permitted, and fail with an error (see Bug
#22830).
</p>
<p>
Although an
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
statement
that contains another
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
statement in its
<a class="link" href="do.html" title="15.2.3 DO Statement">
<code class="literal">
DO
</code>
</a>
clause appears
to succeed, when the server attempts to execute the resulting
scheduled event, the execution fails with an error.
</p>
<p>
To rename an event, use the
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
EVENT
</code>
</a>
statement's
<code class="literal">
RENAME TO
</code>
clause.
This statement renames the event
<code class="literal">
myevent
</code>
to
<code class="literal">
yourevent
</code>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa49505066"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">EVENT</span> myevent
<span class="token keyword">RENAME</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> yourevent<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can also move an event to a different database using
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT ... RENAME TO ...
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
db_name.event_name
</code>
</em>
</code>
notation, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa94320040"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">EVENT</span> olddb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myevent
<span class="token keyword">RENAME</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> newdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span>myevent<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To execute the previous statement, the user executing it must have
the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_event">
<code class="literal">
EVENT
</code>
</a>
privilege on both the
<code class="literal">
olddb
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
newdb
</code>
databases.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
There is no
<code class="literal">
RENAME EVENT
</code>
statement.
</p>
</div>
<p>
The value
<code class="literal">
DISABLE ON REPLICA
</code>
is used on a
replica instead of
<code class="literal">
ENABLE
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
DISABLE
</code>
to indicate an event that was created
on the replication source server and replicated to the replica,
but that is not executed on the replica. Normally,
<code class="literal">
DISABLE ON REPLICA
</code>
is set automatically as
required; however, there are some circumstances under which you
may want or need to change it manually. See
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
, for more
information.
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
DISABLE ON REPLICA
</code>
replaces
<code class="literal">
DISABLE ON
SLAVE
</code>
, which is deprecated, and subject to removal in a
future version of MySQL.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-mysqld.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-mysqld">
</a>
25.6.10 MySQL Server Usage for NDB Cluster
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091812240">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091810784">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091809296">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091807808">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091806736">
</a>
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
is the traditional MySQL server process.
To be used with NDB Cluster,
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
needs to be
built with support for the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
storage engine, as it is in the precompiled binaries available
from
<a class="ulink" href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/" target="_top">
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/
</a>
. If you build MySQL from
source, you must invoke
<span class="command">
<strong>
CMake
</strong>
</span>
with the
<a class="link" href="source-configuration-options.html#option_cmake_with_ndb">
<code class="option">
-DWITH_NDB=1
</code>
</a>
or (deprecated)
<a class="link" href="source-configuration-options.html#option_cmake_with_ndbcluster">
<code class="option">
-DWITH_NDBCLUSTER=1
</code>
</a>
option to
include support for
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
For more information about compiling NDB Cluster from source, see
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-install-linux-source.html" title="25.3.1.4 Building NDB Cluster from Source on Linux">
Section 25.3.1.4, “Building NDB Cluster from Source on Linux”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-install-windows-source.html" title="25.3.2.2 Compiling and Installing NDB Cluster from Source on Windows">
Section 25.3.2.2, “Compiling and Installing NDB Cluster from Source on Windows”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
(For information about
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
options and
variables, in addition to those discussed in this section, which
are relevant to NDB Cluster, see
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html" title="25.4.3.9 MySQL Server Options and Variables for NDB Cluster">
Section 25.4.3.9, “MySQL Server Options and Variables for NDB Cluster”
</a>
.)
</p>
<p>
If the
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
binary has been built with
Cluster support, the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDBCLUSTER
</code>
</a>
storage engine is still disabled by default. You can use either of
two possible options to enable this engine:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#option_mysqld_ndbcluster">
<code class="option">
--ndbcluster
</code>
</a>
as a startup
option on the command line when starting
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Insert a line containing
<code class="literal">
ndbcluster
</code>
in the
<code class="literal">
[mysqld]
</code>
section of your
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
file.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
An easy way to verify that your server is running with the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDBCLUSTER
</code>
</a>
storage engine enabled is
to issue the
<a class="link" href="show-engines.html" title="15.7.7.17 SHOW ENGINES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW ENGINES
</code>
</a>
statement
in the MySQL Monitor (
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
). You should see
the value
<code class="literal">
YES
</code>
as the
<code class="literal">
Support
</code>
value in the row for
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDBCLUSTER
</code>
</a>
. If
you see
<code class="literal">
NO
</code>
in this row or if there is no such
row displayed in the output, you are not running an
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
-enabled version of MySQL. If you
see
<code class="literal">
DISABLED
</code>
in this row, you need to enable it
in either one of the two ways just described.
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091773424">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091771936">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091770864">
</a>
<p>
To read cluster configuration data, the MySQL server requires at a
minimum three pieces of information:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The MySQL server's own cluster node ID
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The host name or IP address for the management server
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The number of the TCP/IP port on which it can connect to the
management server
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Node IDs can be allocated dynamically, so it is not strictly
necessary to specify them explicitly.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
parameter
<code class="literal">
ndb-connectstring
</code>
is used to specify the
connection string either on the command line when starting
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
or in
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
. The
connection string contains the host name or IP address where the
management server can be found, as well as the TCP/IP port it
uses.
</p>
<p>
In the following example,
<code class="literal">
ndb_mgmd.mysql.com
</code>
is
the host where the management server resides, and the management
server listens for cluster messages on port 1186:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa84174613"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysqld</span> <span class="token property">--ndbcluster</span> <span class="token constant">--ndb-connectstring</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>ndb_mgmd.mysql.com:1186</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
See
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-connection-strings.html" title="25.4.3.3 NDB Cluster Connection Strings">
Section 25.4.3.3, “NDB Cluster Connection Strings”
</a>
, for more
information on connection strings.
</p>
<p>
Given this information, the MySQL server can act as a full
participant in the cluster. (We often refer to a
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
process running in this manner as an SQL
node.) It is fully aware of all cluster data nodes as well as
their status, and establishes connections to all data nodes. In
this case, it is able to use any data node as a transaction
coordinator and to read and update node data.
</p>
<p>
You can see in the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client whether a MySQL
server is connected to the cluster using
<a class="link" href="show-processlist.html" title="15.7.7.31 SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW
PROCESSLIST
</code>
</a>
. If the MySQL server is connected to the
cluster, and you have the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_process">
<code class="literal">
PROCESS
</code>
</a>
privilege, then the first row of the output is as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa37450626"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">PROCESSLIST</span> \G
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 1. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
Id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
User<span class="token punctuation">:</span> system user
Host<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
db<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
Command<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Daemon
Time<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
State<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Waiting for event from ndbcluster
Info<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL</span></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
To participate in an NDB Cluster, the
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
process must be started with
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
both
</em>
</span>
the
options
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#option_mysqld_ndbcluster">
<code class="option">
--ndbcluster
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#option_mysqld_ndb-connectstring">
<code class="option">
--ndb-connectstring
</code>
</a>
(or their
equivalents in
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
). If
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
is started with only the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#option_mysqld_ndbcluster">
<code class="option">
--ndbcluster
</code>
</a>
option, or if it is
unable to contact the cluster, it is not possible to work with
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
tables,
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
nor is it
possible to create any new tables regardless of storage
engine
</em>
</span>
. The latter restriction is a safety measure
intended to prevent the creation of tables having the same names
as
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
tables while the SQL node is
not connected to the cluster. If you wish to create tables using
a different storage engine while the
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
process is not participating in an NDB Cluster, you must restart
the server
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
without
</em>
</span>
the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#option_mysqld_ndbcluster">
<code class="option">
--ndbcluster
</code>
</a>
option.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/create-resource-group.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="create-resource-group">
</a>
15.7.2.2 CREATE RESOURCE GROUP Statement
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045172810080">
</a>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa74831828"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">RESOURCE</span> <span class="token keyword">GROUP</span> <em class="replaceable">group_name</em>
<span class="token keyword">TYPE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> {<span class="token keyword">SYSTEM</span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token keyword">USER</span>}
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">VCPU</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <em class="replaceable">vcpu_spec</em> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <em class="replaceable">vcpu_spec</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">THREAD_PRIORITY</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <em class="replaceable">N</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">ENABLE</span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token keyword">DISABLE</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<em class="replaceable">vcpu_spec</em>: {<em class="replaceable">N</em> <span class="token operator">|</span> <em class="replaceable">M</em> <span class="token operator">-</span> <em class="replaceable">N</em>}</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<a class="link" href="create-resource-group.html" title="15.7.2.2 CREATE RESOURCE GROUP Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE RESOURCE GROUP
</code>
</a>
is used for
resource group management (see
<a class="xref" href="resource-groups.html" title="7.1.16 Resource Groups">
Section 7.1.16, “Resource Groups”
</a>
). This statement creates a new
resource group and assigns its initial attribute values. It
requires the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_resource-group-admin">
<code class="literal">
RESOURCE_GROUP_ADMIN
</code>
</a>
privilege.
</p>
<p>
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
group_name
</code>
</em>
identifies which resource
group to create. If the group already exists, an error occurs.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
TYPE
</code>
attribute is required. It should be
<code class="literal">
SYSTEM
</code>
for a system resource group,
<code class="literal">
USER
</code>
for a user resource group. The group
type affects permitted
<code class="literal">
THREAD_PRIORITY
</code>
values, as described later.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
VCPU
</code>
attribute indicates the CPU
affinity; that is, the set of virtual CPUs the group can use:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If
<code class="literal">
VCPU
</code>
is not given, the resource group
has no CPU affinity and can use all available CPUs.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If
<code class="literal">
VCPU
</code>
is given, the attribute value is
a list of comma-separated CPU numbers or ranges:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Each number must be an integer in the range from 0 to
the number of CPUs − 1. For example, on a system
with 64 CPUs, the number can range from 0 to 63.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
A range is given in the form
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
M
</code>
</em>
−
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
N
</code>
</em>
, where
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
M
</code>
</em>
is less than or equal to
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
N
</code>
</em>
and both numbers are in the
CPU range.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If a CPU number is an integer outside the permitted
range or is not an integer, an error occurs.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Example
<code class="literal">
VCPU
</code>
specifiers (these are all
equivalent):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa81511145"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">VCPU</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">10</span>
<span class="token keyword">VCPU</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">10</span>
<span class="token keyword">VCPU</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">3</span>
<span class="token keyword">VCPU</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
THREAD_PRIORITY
</code>
attribute indicates the
priority for threads assigned to the group:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If
<code class="literal">
THREAD_PRIORITY
</code>
is not given, the
default priority is 0.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If
<code class="literal">
THREAD_PRIORITY
</code>
is given, the
attribute value must be in the range from -20 (highest
priority) to 19 (lowest priority). The priority for system
resource groups must be in the range from -20 to 0. The
priority for user resource groups must be in the range from
0 to 19. Use of different ranges for system and user groups
ensures that user threads never have a higher priority than
system threads.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
<code class="literal">
ENABLE
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
DISABLE
</code>
specify
that the resource group is initially enabled or disabled. If
neither is specified, the group is enabled by default. A
disabled group cannot have threads assigned to it.
</p>
<p>
Examples:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create an enabled user group that has a single CPU and the
lowest priority:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa83031556"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">RESOURCE</span> <span class="token keyword">GROUP</span> rg1
<span class="token keyword">TYPE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span>
<span class="token keyword">VCPU</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
<span class="token keyword">THREAD_PRIORITY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">19</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create a disabled system group that has no CPU affinity (can
use all CPUs) and the highest priority:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa60441907"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">RESOURCE</span> <span class="token keyword">GROUP</span> rg2
<span class="token keyword">TYPE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">SYSTEM</span>
<span class="token keyword">THREAD_PRIORITY</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">20</span>
<span class="token keyword">DISABLE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Resource group management is local to the server on which it
occurs.
<a class="link" href="create-resource-group.html" title="15.7.2.2 CREATE RESOURCE GROUP Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE RESOURCE GROUP
</code>
</a>
statements are not written to the binary log and are not
replicated.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/dynindex-jointype.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="index">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="dynindex-jointype">
</a>
Join Types Index
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<a name="jointype-index-top">
</a>
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-A" title="A">
A
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-C" title="C">
C
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-E" title="E">
E
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-F" title="F">
F
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-I" title="I">
I
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-R" title="R">
R
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-S" title="S">
S
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-U" title="U">
U
</a>
</p>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="jointype-index-A">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
A
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table-scan-avoidance.html" title="10.2.1.23 Avoiding Full Table Scans">
Section 10.2.1.23, “Avoiding Full Table Scans”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bnl-bka-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.12 Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins">
Section 10.2.1.12, “Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="jointype-index-C">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
C
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
const
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-extended.html" title="10.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.3, “Extended EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="order-by-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.16 ORDER BY Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.16, “ORDER BY Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="range-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.2 Range Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.2, “Range Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.13, “SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="jointype-index-E">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
E
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
eq_ref
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bnl-bka-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.12 Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins">
Section 10.2.1.12, “Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-condition-pushdown-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.6 Index Condition Pushdown Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.6, “Index Condition Pushdown Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-advantages.html" title="18.7.1 MERGE Table Advantages and Disadvantages">
Section 18.7.1, “MERGE Table Advantages and Disadvantages”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-optimization-with-exists.html" title="10.2.2.3 Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy">
Section 10.2.2.3, “Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-waits-current-table.html" title="29.12.4.1 The events_waits_current Table">
Section 29.12.4.1, “The events_waits_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="jointype-index-F">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
F
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
fulltext
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="jointype-index-I">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
I
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
index
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bnl-bka-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.12 Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins">
Section 10.2.1.12, “Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
index_merge
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-merge-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.3 Index Merge Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.3, “Index Merge Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
index_subquery
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-optimization-with-exists.html" title="10.2.2.3 Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy">
Section 10.2.2.3, “Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="jointype-index-R">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
R
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
range
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bnl-bka-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.12 Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins">
Section 10.2.1.12, “Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-by-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.17 GROUP BY Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.17, “GROUP BY Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-condition-pushdown-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.6 Index Condition Pushdown Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.6, “Index Condition Pushdown Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-merge-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.3 Index Merge Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.3, “Index Merge Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="range-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.2 Range Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.2, “Range Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ref
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bnl-bka-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.12 Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins">
Section 10.2.1.12, “Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-extended.html" title="10.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.3, “Extended EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-condition-pushdown-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.6 Index Condition Pushdown Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.6, “Index Condition Pushdown Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-statistics.html" title="10.3.8 InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection">
Section 10.3.8, “InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-advantages.html" title="18.7.1 MERGE Table Advantages and Disadvantages">
Section 18.7.1, “MERGE Table Advantages and Disadvantages”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="derived-table-optimization.html" title="10.2.2.4 Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions with Merging or Materialization">
Section 10.2.2.4, “Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions
with Merging or Materialization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-optimization-with-exists.html" title="10.2.2.3 Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy">
Section 10.2.2.3, “Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ref_or_null
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-condition-pushdown-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.6 Index Condition Pushdown Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.6, “Index Condition Pushdown Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="is-null-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.15 IS NULL Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.15, “IS NULL Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-optimization-with-exists.html" title="10.2.2.3 Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy">
Section 10.2.2.3, “Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="jointype-index-S">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
S
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
system
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-extended.html" title="10.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.3, “Extended EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="range-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.2 Range Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.2, “Range Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.13, “SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="jointype-index-U">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
U
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-jointype.html#jointype-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
unique_subquery
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-optimization-with-exists.html" title="10.2.2.3 Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy">
Section 10.2.2.3, “Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/key-space.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="key-space">
</a>
18.2.2 Space Needed for Keys
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045148150736">
</a>
<p>
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables use B-tree indexes. You can
roughly calculate the size for the index file as
<code class="literal">
(key_length+4)/0.67
</code>
, summed over all keys. This
is for the worst case when all keys are inserted in sorted order
and the table doesn't have any compressed keys.
</p>
<p>
String indexes are space compressed. If the first index part is a
string, it is also prefix compressed. Space compression makes the
index file smaller than the worst-case figure if a string column
has a lot of trailing space or is a
<a class="link" href="char.html" title="13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types">
<code class="literal">
VARCHAR
</code>
</a>
column that is not always
used to the full length. Prefix compression is used on keys that
start with a string. Prefix compression helps if there are many
strings with an identical prefix.
</p>
<p>
In
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables, you can also prefix compress
numbers by specifying the
<code class="literal">
PACK_KEYS=1
</code>
table
option when you create the table. Numbers are stored with the high
byte first, so this helps when you have many integer keys that
have an identical prefix.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/example-maximum-row.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="example-maximum-row">
</a>
5.6.2 The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Task: Find the number, dealer, and price of the most
expensive article.
</em>
</span>
</p>
<p>
This is easily done with a subquery:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa6894035"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> article<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dealer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> price
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> shop
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> price<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">MAX</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>price<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> shop<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> article <span class="token punctuation">|</span> dealer <span class="token punctuation">|</span> price <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0004 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> D <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 19.95 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Another solution is to use a
<code class="literal">
LEFT JOIN
</code>
, as
shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa19847360"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>article<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>dealer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>price
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> shop s1
<span class="token keyword">LEFT</span> <span class="token keyword">JOIN</span> shop s2 <span class="token keyword">ON</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>price <span class="token operator"><</span> s2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>price
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> s2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>article <span class="token operator">IS</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can also do this by sorting all rows descending by price and
get only the first row using the MySQL-specific
<code class="literal">
LIMIT
</code>
clause, like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa40012888"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> article<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dealer<span class="token punctuation">,</span> price
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> shop
<span class="token keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> price <span class="token keyword">DESC</span>
<span class="token keyword">LIMIT</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
If there were several most expensive articles, each with a
price of 19.95, the
<code class="literal">
LIMIT
</code>
solution would
show only one of them.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/string-types.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="string-types">
</a>
13.3 String Data Types
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="string-type-syntax.html">
13.3.1 String Data Type Syntax
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="char.html">
13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="binary-varbinary.html">
13.3.3 The BINARY and VARBINARY Types
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="blob.html">
13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="enum.html">
13.3.5 The ENUM Type
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="set.html">
13.3.6 The SET Type
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045213101840">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045213100352">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045213098864">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045213097792">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045213096720">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045213095648">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045213094576">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045213093088">
</a>
<p>
The string data types are
<a class="link" href="char.html" title="13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types">
<code class="literal">
CHAR
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="char.html" title="13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types">
<code class="literal">
VARCHAR
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="binary-varbinary.html" title="13.3.3 The BINARY and VARBINARY Types">
<code class="literal">
BINARY
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="binary-varbinary.html" title="13.3.3 The BINARY and VARBINARY Types">
<code class="literal">
VARBINARY
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
BLOB
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
TEXT
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="enum.html" title="13.3.5 The ENUM Type">
<code class="literal">
ENUM
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="set.html" title="13.3.6 The SET Type">
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
For information about storage requirements of the string data
types, see
<a class="xref" href="storage-requirements.html" title="13.7 Data Type Storage Requirements">
Section 13.7, “Data Type Storage Requirements”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
For descriptions of functions that operate on string values, see
<a class="xref" href="string-functions.html" title="14.8 String Functions and Operators">
Section 14.8, “String Functions and Operators”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-security-mysql-privileges.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-security-mysql-privileges">
</a>
25.6.21.2 NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087001616">
</a>
<p>
In this section, we discuss how the MySQL privilege system works
in relation to NDB Cluster and the implications of this for
keeping an NDB Cluster secure.
</p>
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045086999280">
</a>
Standard MySQL privileges apply to NDB Cluster tables. This
includes all MySQL privilege types
(
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_select">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
privilege,
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_update">
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
</code>
</a>
privilege,
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_delete">
<code class="literal">
DELETE
</code>
</a>
privilege, and so on)
granted on the database, table, and column level. As with any
other MySQL Server, user and privilege information is stored in
the
<code class="literal">
mysql
</code>
system database. The SQL statements
used to grant and revoke privileges on
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
tables, databases containing
such tables, and columns within such tables are identical in all
respects with the
<a class="link" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
<code class="literal">
GRANT
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="revoke.html" title="15.7.1.8 REVOKE Statement">
<code class="literal">
REVOKE
</code>
</a>
statements used in
connection with database objects involving any (other) MySQL
storage engine. The same thing is true with respect to the
<a class="link" href="create-user.html" title="15.7.1.3 CREATE USER Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE USER
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="drop-user.html" title="15.7.1.5 DROP USER Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP USER
</code>
</a>
statements.
</p>
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045086986224">
</a>
It is important to keep in mind that, by default, the MySQL
grant tables use the
<a class="link" href="innodb-storage-engine.html" title="Chapter 17 The InnoDB Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
</a>
storage
engine. Because of this, those tables are not normally
duplicated or shared among MySQL servers acting as SQL nodes in
an NDB Cluster. In other words, changes in users and their
privileges do not automatically propagate between SQL nodes by
default. If you wish, you can enable synchronization of MySQL
users and privileges across NDB Cluster SQL nodes; see
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-privilege-synchronization.html" title="25.6.13 Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER">
Section 25.6.13, “Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER”
</a>
, for
details.
</p>
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045086981888">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045086980400">
</a>
Conversely, because there is no way in MySQL to deny privileges
(privileges can either be revoked or not granted in the first
place, but not denied as such), there is no special protection
for
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
tables on one SQL node from users
that have privileges on another SQL node; this is true even if
you are not using automatic distribution of user privileges. The
definitive example of this is the MySQL
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
account, which can perform any action on any database object. In
combination with empty
<code class="literal">
[mysqld]
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
[api]
</code>
sections of the
<code class="filename">
config.ini
</code>
file, this account can be
especially dangerous. To understand why, consider the following
scenario:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="filename">
config.ini
</code>
file contains at least
one empty
<code class="literal">
[mysqld]
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
[api]
</code>
section. This means that the NDB
Cluster management server performs no checking of the host
from which a MySQL Server (or other API node) accesses the
NDB Cluster.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
There is no firewall, or the firewall fails to protect
against access to the NDB Cluster from hosts external to the
network.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The host name or IP address of the NDB Cluster management
server is known or can be determined from outside the
network.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
If these conditions are true, then anyone, anywhere can start a
MySQL Server with
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#option_mysqld_ndbcluster">
<code class="option">
--ndbcluster
</code>
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#option_mysqld_ndb-connectstring">
<code class="option">
--ndb-connectstring=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
management_host
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
and access this NDB Cluster. Using the MySQL
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
account, this person can then perform
the following actions:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Execute metadata statements such as
<a class="link" href="show-databases.html" title="15.7.7.15 SHOW DATABASES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW DATABASES
</code>
</a>
statement (to
obtain a list of all
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
databases on the server) or
<a class="link" href="show-tables.html" title="15.7.7.39 SHOW TABLES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW TABLES
FROM
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
some_ndb_database
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
statement to obtain a list of all
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
tables in a given database
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045086958576">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045086957072">
</a>
Run any legal MySQL statements on any of the discovered
tables, such as:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
SELECT * FROM
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
some_table
</code>
</em>
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
TABLE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
some_table
</code>
</em>
</code>
to read
all the data from any table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
DELETE FROM
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
some_table
</code>
</em>
</code>
or
TRUNCATE TABLE to delete all the data from a table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
DESCRIBE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
some_table
</code>
</em>
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
SHOW CREATE TABLE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
some_table
</code>
</em>
</code>
to
determine the table schema
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
some_table
</code>
</em>
SET
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
column1
</code>
</em>
=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
some_value
</code>
</em>
</code>
to fill
a table column with
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
garbage
</span>
”
</span>
data; this
could actually cause much greater damage than simply
deleting all the data
</p>
<p>
More insidious variations might include statements like
these:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa86597072"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> <em class="replaceable">some_table</em> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <em class="replaceable">an_int_column</em> <span class="token operator">=</span> <em class="replaceable">an_int_column</em> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
or
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa49035529"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> <em class="replaceable">some_table</em> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <em class="replaceable">a_varchar_column</em> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">REVERSE</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><em class="replaceable">a_varchar_column</em><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Such malicious statements are limited only by the
imagination of the attacker.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The only tables that would be safe from this sort of mayhem
would be those tables that were created using storage
engines other than
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
, and so not
visible to a
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
rogue
</span>
”
</span>
SQL node.
</p>
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045086936160">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045086934672">
</a>
A user who can log in as
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
can also
access the
<a class="link" href="information-schema.html" title="Chapter 28 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables">
<code class="literal">
INFORMATION_SCHEMA
</code>
</a>
database and its tables, and so obtain information about
databases, tables, stored routines, scheduled events, and
any other database objects for which metadata is stored in
<code class="literal">
INFORMATION_SCHEMA
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
It is also a very good idea to use different passwords for
the
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
accounts on different NDB
Cluster SQL nodes unless you are using shared privileges.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
In sum, you cannot have a safe NDB Cluster if it is directly
accessible from outside your local network.
</p>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Never leave the MySQL root account password
empty
</em>
</span>
. This is just as true when running MySQL as
an NDB Cluster SQL node as it is when running it as a
standalone (non-Cluster) MySQL Server, and should be done as
part of the MySQL installation process before configuring the
MySQL Server as an SQL node in an NDB Cluster.
</p>
</div>
<p>
If you need to synchronize
<code class="literal">
mysql
</code>
system
tables between SQL nodes, you can use standard MySQL replication
to do so, or employ a script to copy table entries between the
MySQL servers. Users and their privileges can be shared and kept
in synch using the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_ndb-stored-user">
<code class="literal">
NDB_STORED_USER
</code>
</a>
privilege.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Summary.
</b>
The most important points to remember regarding the MySQL
privilege system with regard to NDB Cluster are listed here:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Users and privileges established on one SQL node do not
automatically exist or take effect on other SQL nodes in the
cluster. Conversely, removing a user or privilege on one SQL
node in the cluster does not remove the user or privilege
from any other SQL nodes.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
You can share MySQL users and privileges among SQL nodes
using
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_ndb-stored-user">
<code class="literal">
NDB_STORED_USER
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Once a MySQL user is granted privileges on an
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
table from one SQL node in
an NDB Cluster, that user can
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
see
</span>
”
</span>
any data in
that table regardless of the SQL node from which the data
originated, even if that user is not shared.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-blobs.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-blobs">
</a>
25.6.17.4 The ndbinfo blobs Table
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045090491408">
</a>
<p>
This table provides about blob values stored in
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
. The
<code class="literal">
blobs
</code>
table has
the columns listed here:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
table_id
</code>
</p>
<p>
Unique ID of the table containing the column
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
database_name
</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the database in which this table resides
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
table_name
</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
column_id
</code>
</p>
<p>
The column's unique ID within the table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
column_name
</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the column
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
inline_size
</code>
</p>
<p>
Inline size of the column
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
part_size
</code>
</p>
<p>
Part size of the column
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
stripe_size
</code>
</p>
<p>
Stripe size of the column
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
blob_table_name
</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the blob table containing this column's blob
data, if any
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Rows exist in this table for those
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
table
columns that store
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
BLOB
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
TEXT
</code>
</a>
values taking up more than
255 bytes and thus require the use of a blob table. Parts of
<a class="link" href="json.html" title="13.5 The JSON Data Type">
<code class="literal">
JSON
</code>
</a>
values exceeding 4000 bytes
in size are also stored in this table. For more information
about how NDB Cluster stores columns of such types, see
<a class="xref" href="storage-requirements.html#data-types-storage-reqs-strings" title="String Type Storage Requirements">
String Type Storage Requirements
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The part and inline sizes of
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
blob columns
can be set using
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
</code>
</a>
statements containing
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
table column comments (see
<a class="xref" href="create-table-ndb-comment-options.html#create-table-ndb-comment-column-options" title="NDB_COLUMN Options">
NDB_COLUMN Options
</a>
); this
can also be done in NDB API applications (see
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/ndbapi/en/ndb-column.html#ndb-column-setpartsize" target="_top">
<code class="literal">
Column::setPartSize()
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/ndbapi/en/ndb-column.html#ndb-column-setinlinesize" target="_top">
<code class="literal">
setInlineSize()
</code>
</a>
).
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-configuration.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-configuration">
</a>
25.4 Configuration of NDB Cluster
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="mysql-cluster-quick.html">
25.4.1 Quick Test Setup of NDB Cluster
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="mysql-cluster-configuration-overview.html">
25.4.2 Overview of NDB Cluster Configuration Parameters, Options, and Variables
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="mysql-cluster-config-file.html">
25.4.3 NDB Cluster Configuration Files
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="mysql-cluster-interconnects.html">
25.4.4 Using High-Speed Interconnects with NDB Cluster
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045122025248">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045122024176">
</a>
<p>
A MySQL server that is part of an NDB Cluster differs in one chief
respect from a normal (nonclustered) MySQL server, in that it
employs the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
storage engine. This
engine is also referred to sometimes as
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDBCLUSTER
</code>
</a>
, although
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
is preferred.
</p>
<p>
To avoid unnecessary allocation of resources, the server is
configured by default with the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
storage engine disabled. To enable
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
,
you must modify the server's
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
configuration file, or start the server with the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#option_mysqld_ndbcluster">
<code class="option">
--ndbcluster
</code>
</a>
option.
</p>
<p>
This MySQL server is a part of the cluster, so it also must know how
to access a management node to obtain the cluster configuration
data. The default behavior is to look for the management node on
<code class="literal">
localhost
</code>
. However, should you need to specify
that its location is elsewhere, this can be done in
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
, or with the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client. Before the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
storage engine
can be used, at least one management node must be operational, as
well as any desired data nodes.
</p>
<p>
For more information about
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#option_mysqld_ndbcluster">
<code class="option">
--ndbcluster
</code>
</a>
and other
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
options specific to NDB Cluster, see
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-program-options-mysqld" title="25.4.3.9.1 MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster">
Section 25.4.3.9.1, “MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
For general information about installing NDB Cluster, see
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-installation.html" title="25.3 NDB Cluster Installation">
Section 25.3, “NDB Cluster Installation”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/perl-support-problems.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="perl-support-problems">
</a>
2.10.3 Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD Interface
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045326458752">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045326457296">
</a>
<p>
If Perl reports that it cannot find the
<code class="filename">
../mysql/mysql.so
</code>
module, the problem is
probably that Perl cannot locate the
<code class="filename">
libmysqlclient.so
</code>
shared library. You should
be able to fix this problem by one of the following methods:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Copy
<code class="filename">
libmysqlclient.so
</code>
to the directory
where your other shared libraries are located (probably
<code class="filename">
/usr/lib
</code>
or
<code class="filename">
/lib
</code>
).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Modify the
<code class="option">
-L
</code>
options used to compile
<code class="literal">
DBD::mysql
</code>
to reflect the actual location
of
<code class="filename">
libmysqlclient.so
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
On Linux, you can add the path name of the directory where
<code class="filename">
libmysqlclient.so
</code>
is located to the
<code class="filename">
/etc/ld.so.conf
</code>
file.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045326444944">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045326443856">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045326442368">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045326441280">
</a>
Add the path name of the directory where
<code class="filename">
libmysqlclient.so
</code>
is located to the
<code class="literal">
LD_RUN_PATH
</code>
environment variable. Some
systems use
<code class="literal">
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
</code>
instead.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Note that you may also need to modify the
<code class="option">
-L
</code>
options if there are other libraries that the linker fails to
find. For example, if the linker cannot find
<code class="literal">
libc
</code>
because it is in
<code class="filename">
/lib
</code>
and the link command specifies
<code class="option">
-L/usr/lib
</code>
, change
the
<code class="option">
-L
</code>
option to
<code class="option">
-L/lib
</code>
or add
<code class="option">
-L/lib
</code>
to the existing link command.
</p>
<p>
If you get the following errors from
<code class="literal">
DBD::mysql
</code>
, you are probably using
<span class="command">
<strong>
gcc
</strong>
</span>
(or using an old binary compiled with
<span class="command">
<strong>
gcc
</strong>
</span>
):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa28043904"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">/usr/bin/perl: can't resolve symbol '__moddi3'
/usr/bin/perl: can't resolve symbol '__divdi3'</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Add
<code class="option">
-L/usr/lib/gcc-lib/... -lgcc
</code>
to the link
command when the
<code class="filename">
mysql.so
</code>
library gets built
(check the output from
<span class="command">
<strong>
make
</strong>
</span>
for
<code class="filename">
mysql.so
</code>
when you compile the Perl client).
The
<code class="option">
-L
</code>
option should specify the path name of the
directory where
<code class="filename">
libgcc.a
</code>
is located on your
system.
</p>
<p>
Another cause of this problem may be that Perl and MySQL are not
both compiled with
<span class="command">
<strong>
gcc
</strong>
</span>
. In this case, you can
solve the mismatch by compiling both with
<span class="command">
<strong>
gcc
</strong>
</span>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/clone-plugin-concurrent-ddl.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="clone-plugin-concurrent-ddl">
</a>
7.6.7.4 Cloning and Concurrent DDL
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
In MySQL 8.4, concurrent DDL is permitted on the
donor by default. Concurrent DDL support on the donor is
controlled by the
<a class="link" href="clone-plugin-options-variables.html#sysvar_clone_block_ddl">
<code class="literal">
clone_block_ddl
</code>
</a>
variable.
Concurrent DDL support can be enabled and disabled dynamically
using a
<a class="link" href="set.html" title="13.3.6 The SET Type">
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
</a>
statement like this
one:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa31414012"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token keyword">GLOBAL</span> clone_block_ddl<span class="token operator">=</span>{<span class="token keyword">OFF</span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token keyword">ON</span>}</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The default setting is
<a class="link" href="clone-plugin-options-variables.html#sysvar_clone_block_ddl">
<code class="literal">
clone_block_ddl=OFF
</code>
</a>
, which
permits concurrent DDL on the donor.
</p>
<p>
Whether the effect of a concurrent DDL operation is cloned or
not depends on whether the DDL operation finishes before the
dynamic snapshot is taken by the cloning operation.
</p>
<p>
DDL operations that are not permitted during a cloning operation
regardless of the
<a class="link" href="clone-plugin-options-variables.html#sysvar_clone_block_ddl">
<code class="literal">
clone_block_ddl
</code>
</a>
setting
include:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
tbl_name
</code>
</em>
DISCARD TABLESPACE;
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
tbl_name
</code>
</em>
IMPORT TABLESPACE;
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
ALTER INSTANCE DISABLE INNODB REDO_LOG;
</code>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-tls-keys.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-tls-keys">
</a>
25.6.15.2 Creating a CA and Keys
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Create a CA in the CA directory:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa57746908"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">ndb_sign_keys</span> <span class="token property">--create-CA</span> <span class="token constant">--to-dir</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>CA</span>
Mode of operation<span class="token punctuation">:</span> create CA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
This utility will create a cluster CA private key and a public key certificate<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
You will be prompted to supply a pass phrase to protect the
cluster private key<span class="token punctuation">.</span> This security of the cluster depends on this<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Only the database administrator responsible for this cluster should
have the pass phrase<span class="token punctuation">.</span> Knowing the pass phrase would allow an attacker
to gain full access to the database<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
The passphrase must be at least 4 characters in length<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Creating CA key file NDB-Cluster-private-key in directory CA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Enter PEM pass phrase<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
Creating CA certificate NDB-Cluster-cert in directory CA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">ls</span> <span class="token property">-l</span> CA
total 8
<span class="token property">-rw-r--r--</span> 1 mysql mysql 1082 Dec 19 07<span class="token punctuation">:</span>32 NDB-Cluster-cert
<span class="token property">-r--------</span> 1 mysql mysql 1854 Dec 19 07<span class="token punctuation">:</span>32 NDB-Cluster-private-key</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Next, create keys for all nodes on this host using the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html#option_ndb_sign_keys_create-key">
<code class="option">
--create-key
</code>
</a>
option, like
this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa89658585"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">ndb_sign_keys</span> <span class="token constant">--ndb-tls-search-path</span>=<span class="token atrule">'CA'</span> <span class="token property">--create-key</span> <span class="token property">-c</span> localhost<span class="token punctuation">:</span>1186 <span class="token constant">--to-dir</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>keys</span>
Mode of operation<span class="token punctuation">:</span> create active keys and certificates<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Enter PEM pass phrase<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
Creating active private key in directory keys<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Creating active certificate in directory keys<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Creating active private key in directory keys<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Creating active certificate in directory keys<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Creating active private key in directory keys<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Creating active certificate in directory keys<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Read 5 nodes from custer configuration<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Found 5 nodes configured to run on this host<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Created 3 keys and 3 certificates<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
$></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<code class="option">
--create-key
</code>
causes
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html" title="25.5.28 ndb_sign_keys — Create, Sign, and Manage TLS Keys and Certificates for NDB Cluster">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_sign_keys
</strong>
</span>
</a>
to connect to the management
server, read the cluster configuration, and then create a full
set of keys and certificates for all NDB nodes configured to run
on the local host. The cluster management server must be running
for this to work. If the management server is not running,
ndb_sign_keys can read the cluster configuration file directly
using the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html#option_ndb_sign_keys_config-file">
<code class="option">
--config-file
</code>
</a>
option.
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html" title="25.5.28 ndb_sign_keys — Create, Sign, and Manage TLS Keys and Certificates for NDB Cluster">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_sign_keys
</strong>
</span>
</a>
can also create a
single key-certificate pair for a single node type using
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html#option_ndb_sign_keys_no-config">
<code class="option">
--no-config
</code>
</a>
to ignore the
cluster configuration and
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html#option_ndb_sign_keys_node-type">
<code class="option">
--node-type
</code>
</a>
to specify the
node type (one of
<code class="literal">
mgmd
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
db
</code>
, or
<code class="literal">
api
</code>
). In addition,
you must either specify a hostname for the certificate with
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html#option_ndb_sign_keys_bound-hostname">
<code class="option">
--bound-hostname=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
host_name
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
,
or disable hostname binding by supplying
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html#option_ndb_sign_keys_bind-host">
<code class="option">
--bind-host=0
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Key signing by a remote host is accomplished by connecting to
the CA host using
<span class="command">
<strong>
ssh
</strong>
</span>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/partitioning-limitations.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="partitioning-limitations">
</a>
26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="partitioning-limitations-partitioning-keys-unique-keys.html">
26.6.1 Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="partitioning-limitations-storage-engines.html">
26.6.2 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="partitioning-limitations-functions.html">
26.6.3 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083091392">
</a>
<p>
This section discusses current restrictions and limitations on
MySQL partitioning support.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Prohibited constructs.
</b>
The following constructs are not permitted in partitioning
expressions:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Stored procedures, stored functions, loadable functions, or
plugins.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Declared variables or user variables.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
For a list of SQL functions which are permitted in partitioning
expressions, see
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations-functions.html" title="26.6.3 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions">
Section 26.6.3, “Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Arithmetic and logical operators.
</b>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083083888">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083082368">
</a>
Use of the arithmetic operators
<a class="link" href="arithmetic-functions.html#operator_plus">
<code class="literal">
+
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="arithmetic-functions.html#operator_minus">
<code class="literal">
-
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="arithmetic-functions.html#operator_times">
<code class="literal">
*
</code>
</a>
is permitted in
partitioning expressions. However, the result must be an integer
value or
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
(except in the case of
<code class="literal">
[LINEAR] KEY
</code>
partitioning, as discussed
elsewhere in this chapter; see
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-types.html" title="26.2 Partitioning Types">
Section 26.2, “Partitioning Types”
</a>
, for more information).
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="arithmetic-functions.html#operator_div">
<code class="literal">
DIV
</code>
</a>
operator is also supported;
the
<a class="link" href="arithmetic-functions.html#operator_divide">
<code class="literal">
/
</code>
</a>
operator is
not permitted.
</p>
<p>
The bit operators
<a class="link" href="bit-functions.html#operator_bitwise-or">
<code class="literal">
|
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="bit-functions.html#operator_bitwise-and">
<code class="literal">
&
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="bit-functions.html#operator_bitwise-xor">
<code class="literal">
^
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="bit-functions.html#operator_left-shift">
<code class="literal">
<<
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="bit-functions.html#operator_right-shift">
<code class="literal">
>>
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="bit-functions.html#operator_bitwise-invert">
<code class="literal">
~
</code>
</a>
are not
permitted in partitioning expressions.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Server SQL mode.
</b>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083063072">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083061584">
</a>
Tables employing user-defined partitioning do not preserve the
SQL mode in effect at the time that they were created. As
discussed elsewhere in this Manual (see
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
), the results of many MySQL functions
and operators may change according to the server SQL mode.
Therefore, a change in the SQL mode at any time after the
creation of partitioned tables may lead to major changes in the
behavior of such tables, and could easily lead to corruption or
loss of data. For these reasons,
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
it is strongly
recommended that you never change the server SQL mode after
creating partitioned tables
</em>
</span>
.
</p>
<p>
For one such change in the server SQL mode making a partitioned
tables unusable, consider the following
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement, which can
be executed successfully only if the
<a class="link" href="sql-mode.html#sqlmode_no_unsigned_subtraction">
<code class="literal">
NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION
</code>
</a>
mode is
in effect:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa14258501"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@@sql_mode</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> @@sql_mode <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output">1 row in set (0.00 sec)</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> tu <span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1 <span class="token datatype">BIGINT</span> <span class="token keyword">UNSIGNED</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">RANGE</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1 <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p0 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p1 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p2 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p3 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p4 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">MAXVALUE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">ERROR 1563 (HY000)<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Partition constant is out of partition function domain
</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> sql_mode<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@@sql_mode</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> @@sql_mode <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output">1 row in set (0.00 sec)</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> tu <span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1 <span class="token datatype">BIGINT</span> <span class="token keyword">UNSIGNED</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">RANGE</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1 <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p0 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p1 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p2 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p3 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p4 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">MAXVALUE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If you remove the
<a class="link" href="sql-mode.html#sqlmode_no_unsigned_subtraction">
<code class="literal">
NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION
</code>
</a>
server
SQL mode after creating
<code class="literal">
tu
</code>
, you may no longer
be able to access this table:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa68063195"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> sql_mode<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">''</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> tu<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">ERROR 1563 (HY000)<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Partition constant is out of partition function domain</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> tu <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">ERROR 1563 (HY000)<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Partition constant is out of partition function domain</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
See also
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Server SQL modes also impact replication of partitioned tables.
Disparate SQL modes on source and replica can lead to partitioning
expressions being evaluated differently; this can cause the
distribution of data among partitions to be different in the
source's and replica's copies of a given table, and may
even cause inserts into partitioned tables that succeed on the
source to fail on the replica. For best results, you should always
use the same server SQL mode on the source and on the replica.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Performance considerations.
</b>
Some effects of partitioning operations on performance are given
in the following list:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="partitioning-limitations-file-system-ops">
</a>
<b>
File system operations.
</b>
Partitioning and repartitioning operations (such as
<a class="link" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
TABLE
</code>
</a>
with
<code class="literal">
PARTITION BY ...
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
REORGANIZE PARTITION
</code>
, or
<code class="literal">
REMOVE
PARTITIONING
</code>
) depend on file system operations for
their implementation. This means that the speed of these
operations is affected by such factors as file system type
and characteristics, disk speed, swap space, file handling
efficiency of the operating system, and MySQL server options
and variables that relate to file handling. In particular,
you should make sure that
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_large_files_support">
<code class="literal">
large_files_support
</code>
</a>
is
enabled and that
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_open_files_limit">
<code class="literal">
open_files_limit
</code>
</a>
is set
properly. Partitioning and repartitioning operations
involving
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
tables may be made more
efficient by enabling
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_file_per_table">
<code class="literal">
innodb_file_per_table
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
See also
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html#partitioning-limitations-max-partitions" title="Maximum number of partitions">
Maximum number of partitions
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Table locks.
</b>
Generally, the process executing a partitioning operation on
a table takes a write lock on the table. Reads from such
tables are relatively unaffected; pending
<a class="link" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSERT
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
</code>
</a>
operations are
performed as soon as the partitioning operation has
completed. For
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
-specific exceptions
to this limitation, see
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html#online-ddl-partitioning" title="Partitioning Operations">
Partitioning Operations
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Indexes; partition pruning.
</b>
As with nonpartitioned tables, proper use of indexes can
speed up queries on partitioned tables significantly. In
addition, designing partitioned tables and queries on these
tables to take advantage of
<span class="firstterm">
partition pruning
</span>
can
improve performance dramatically. See
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-pruning.html" title="26.4 Partition Pruning">
Section 26.4, “Partition Pruning”
</a>
, for more
information.
</p>
<p>
Index condition pushdown is supported for partitioned tables.
See
<a class="xref" href="index-condition-pushdown-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.6 Index Condition Pushdown Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.6, “Index Condition Pushdown Optimization”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Performance with LOAD DATA.
</b>
In MySQL 8.4,
<a class="link" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
<code class="literal">
LOAD
DATA
</code>
</a>
uses buffering to improve performance. You
should be aware that the buffer uses 130 KB memory per
partition to achieve this.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
<a name="partitioning-limitations-max-partitions">
</a>
<b>
Maximum number of partitions.
</b>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083001824">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083000320">
</a>
The maximum possible number of partitions for a given table not
using the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
storage engine is
8192. This number includes subpartitions.
</p>
<p>
The maximum possible number of user-defined partitions for a table
using the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
storage engine is
determined according to the version of the NDB Cluster software
being used, the number of data nodes, and other factors. See
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-nodes-groups.html#mysql-cluster-nodes-groups-user-partitioning" title="NDB and user-defined partitioning">
NDB and user-defined partitioning
</a>
,
for more information.
</p>
<p>
If, when creating tables with a large number of partitions (but
less than the maximum), you encounter an error message such as
<span class="errortext">
Got error ... from storage engine: Out of resources
when opening file
</span>
, you may be able to address the
issue by increasing the value of the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_open_files_limit">
<code class="literal">
open_files_limit
</code>
</a>
system variable.
However, this is dependent on the operating system, and may not be
possible or advisable on all platforms; see
<a class="xref" href="not-enough-file-handles.html" title="B.3.2.16 File Not Found and Similar Errors">
Section B.3.2.16, “File Not Found and Similar Errors”
</a>
, for more information.
In some cases, using large numbers (hundreds) of partitions may
also not be advisable due to other concerns, so using more
partitions does not automatically lead to better results.
</p>
<p>
See also
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html#partitioning-limitations-file-system-ops" title="File system operations">
File system operations
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Foreign keys not supported for partitioned InnoDB tables.
</b>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082988864">
</a>
Partitioned tables using the
<a class="link" href="innodb-storage-engine.html" title="Chapter 17 The InnoDB Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
</a>
storage engine do not support foreign keys. More specifically,
this means that the following two statements are true:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
No definition of an
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
table employing
user-defined partitioning may contain foreign key references;
no
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
table whose definition contains
foreign key references may be partitioned.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
No
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
table definition may contain a
foreign key reference to a user-partitioned table; no
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
table with user-defined partitioning
may contain columns referenced by foreign keys.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
The scope of the restrictions just listed includes all tables that
use the
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
storage engine.
<a class="link" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
TABLE
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
</code>
</a>
statements that would result in tables violating these
restrictions are not allowed.
</p>
<p>
<b>
ALTER TABLE ... ORDER BY.
</b>
An
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE ... ORDER BY
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
column
</code>
</em>
</code>
statement run
against a partitioned table causes ordering of rows only within
each partition.
</p>
<p>
<b>
ADD COLUMN ... ALGORITHM=INSTANT.
</b>
Once you perform
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE ... ADD
COLUMN ... ALGORITHM=INSTANT
</code>
</a>
on a partitioned table,
it is no longer possible to exchange partitions with this table.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Effects on REPLACE statements by modification of primary keys.
</b>
It can be desirable in some cases (see
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations-partitioning-keys-unique-keys.html" title="26.6.1 Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys">
Section 26.6.1, “Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys”
</a>
)
to modify a table's primary key. Be aware that, if your
application uses
<a class="link" href="replace.html" title="15.2.12 REPLACE Statement">
<code class="literal">
REPLACE
</code>
</a>
statements and you do this, the results of these statements can
be drastically altered. See
<a class="xref" href="replace.html" title="15.2.12 REPLACE Statement">
Section 15.2.12, “REPLACE Statement”
</a>
, for more
information and an example.
</p>
<p>
<b>
FULLTEXT indexes.
</b>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082966144">
</a>
Partitioned tables do not support
<code class="literal">
FULLTEXT
</code>
indexes or searches.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Spatial columns.
</b>
Columns with spatial data types such as
<code class="literal">
POINT
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
GEOMETRY
</code>
cannot be used in partitioned
tables.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Temporary tables.
</b>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082959952">
</a>
Temporary tables cannot be partitioned.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Log tables.
</b>
It is not possible to partition the log tables; an
<a class="link" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
TABLE ... PARTITION BY ...
</code>
</a>
statement on such a table
fails with an error.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Data type of partitioning key.
</b>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082954592">
</a>
A partitioning key must be either an integer column or an
expression that resolves to an integer. Expressions employing
<a class="link" href="enum.html" title="13.3.5 The ENUM Type">
<code class="literal">
ENUM
</code>
</a>
columns cannot be used. The
column or expression value may also be
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
;
see
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-handling-nulls.html" title="26.2.7 How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL">
Section 26.2.7, “How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
There are two exceptions to this restriction:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When partitioning by [
<code class="literal">
LINEAR
</code>
]
<code class="literal">
KEY
</code>
, it is possible to use columns of any
valid MySQL data type other than
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
TEXT
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
BLOB
</code>
</a>
as partitioning keys,
because the internal key-hashing functions produce the correct
data type from these types. For example, the following two
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
statements are
valid:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa81249479"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> tkc <span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1 <span class="token datatype">CHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITIONS</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> tke
<span class="token punctuation">(</span> c1 <span class="token datatype">ENUM</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'red'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'orange'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'yellow'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'green'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'blue'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'indigo'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'violet'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">LINEAR</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITIONS</span> <span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When partitioning by
<code class="literal">
RANGE COLUMNS
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
LIST COLUMNS
</code>
, it is possible to use string,
<a class="link" href="datetime.html" title="13.2.2 The DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP Types">
<code class="literal">
DATE
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="datetime.html" title="13.2.2 The DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP Types">
<code class="literal">
DATETIME
</code>
</a>
columns. For example,
each of the following
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
TABLE
</code>
</a>
statements is valid:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa28416815"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> rc <span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1 <span class="token datatype">INT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c2 <span class="token datatype">DATE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">RANGE</span> <span class="token keyword">COLUMNS</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p0 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'1990-01-01'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p1 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'1995-01-01'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p2 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'2000-01-01'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p3 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'2005-01-01'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p4 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">MAXVALUE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> lc <span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1 <span class="token datatype">INT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c2 <span class="token datatype">CHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">LIST</span> <span class="token keyword">COLUMNS</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p0 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">IN</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'d'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'g'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'j'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'m'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'p'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'s'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'v'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'y'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p1 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">IN</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'e'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'h'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'k'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'n'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'q'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'t'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'w'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'z'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p2 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">IN</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'c'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'f'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'i'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'l'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'o'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'r'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'u'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'x'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
Neither of the preceding exceptions applies to
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
BLOB
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
TEXT
</code>
</a>
column types.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Subqueries.
</b>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082929248">
</a>
A partitioning key may not be a subquery, even if that subquery
resolves to an integer value or
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
.
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082926400">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082924912">
</a>
<p>
<a name="partitioning-limitations-prefixes">
</a>
<b>
Column index prefixes not supported for key partitioning.
</b>
When creating a table that is partitioned by key, any columns in
the partitioning key which use column prefixes are not allowed
in the table's partitioning function. Consider the
following
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement,
which has three
<a class="link" href="char.html" title="13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types">
<code class="literal">
VARCHAR
</code>
</a>
columns,
and whose primary key uses all three columns and specifies a
prefix for one of them. This statement is rejected with an
error, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa81760888"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">USE</span> d<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">Database</span> <span class="token keyword">changed</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> t1 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> a <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> b <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">25</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> c <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITIONS</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">ERROR 6123 (HY000)<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Column 'd.t1.a' having prefix key part 'a(10)' in the
PARTITION BY KEY() clause is not supported.</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For general information about partitioning tables by key, see
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-key.html" title="26.2.5 KEY Partitioning">
Section 26.2.5, “KEY Partitioning”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
<a name="partitioning-limitations-subpartitions">
</a>
<b>
Issues with subpartitions.
</b>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082910032">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082908544">
</a>
Subpartitions must use
<code class="literal">
HASH
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
KEY
</code>
partitioning. Only
<code class="literal">
RANGE
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
LIST
</code>
partitions
may be subpartitioned;
<code class="literal">
HASH
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
KEY
</code>
partitions cannot be subpartitioned.
</p>
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082901904">
</a>
<code class="literal">
SUBPARTITION BY KEY
</code>
requires that the
subpartitioning column or columns be specified explicitly, unlike
the case with
<code class="literal">
PARTITION BY KEY
</code>
, where it can be
omitted (in which case the table's primary key column is used
by default). Consider the table created by this statement:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa72953334"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> ts <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
id <span class="token datatype">INT</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span> <span class="token keyword">AUTO_INCREMENT</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">name</span> <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can create a table having the same columns, partitioned by
<code class="literal">
KEY
</code>
, using a statement such as this one:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa29554488"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> ts <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
id <span class="token datatype">INT</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span> <span class="token keyword">AUTO_INCREMENT</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">name</span> <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITIONS</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The previous statement is treated as though it had been written
like this, with the table's primary key column used as the
partitioning column:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa27964780"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> ts <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
id <span class="token datatype">INT</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span> <span class="token keyword">AUTO_INCREMENT</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">name</span> <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITIONS</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
However, the following statement that attempts to create a
subpartitioned table using the default column as the
subpartitioning column fails, and the column must be specified for
the statement to succeed, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa26734690"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> ts <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> id <span class="token datatype">INT</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span> <span class="token keyword">AUTO_INCREMENT</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">name</span> <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">RANGE</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">SUBPARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">SUBPARTITIONS</span> <span class="token number">4</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p0 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p1 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">MAXVALUE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">ERROR 1064 (42000)<span class="token punctuation">:</span> You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that
corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ')
</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> ts <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> id <span class="token datatype">INT</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span> <span class="token keyword">AUTO_INCREMENT</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">name</span> <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">RANGE</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">SUBPARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">SUBPARTITIONS</span> <span class="token number">4</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p0 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p1 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">MAXVALUE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
This is a known issue (see Bug #51470).
</p>
<p>
<b>
DATA DIRECTORY and INDEX DIRECTORY options.
</b>
Table-level
<code class="literal">
DATA DIRECTORY
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
INDEX
DIRECTORY
</code>
options are ignored (see Bug #32091). You
can employ these options for individual partitions or
subpartitions of
<a class="link" href="innodb-storage-engine.html" title="Chapter 17 The InnoDB Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
</a>
tables. The
directory specified in a
<code class="literal">
DATA DIRECTORY
</code>
clause must be known to
<a class="link" href="innodb-storage-engine.html" title="Chapter 17 The InnoDB Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
</a>
. For
more information, see
<a class="xref" href="innodb-create-table-external.html#innodb-create-table-external-data-directory" title="Using the DATA DIRECTORY Clause">
Using the DATA DIRECTORY Clause
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Repairing and rebuilding partitioned tables.
</b>
The statements
<a class="link" href="check-table.html" title="15.7.3.2 CHECK TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHECK TABLE
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
OPTIMIZE TABLE
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="analyze-table.html" title="15.7.3.1 ANALYZE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ANALYZE TABLE
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="repair-table.html" title="15.7.3.5 REPAIR TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
REPAIR TABLE
</code>
</a>
are supported for
partitioned tables.
</p>
<p>
In addition, you can use
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE ... REBUILD
PARTITION
</code>
to rebuild one or more partitions of a
partitioned table;
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE ... REORGANIZE
PARTITION
</code>
also causes partitions to be rebuilt. See
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
, for more information about these
two statements.
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
ANALYZE
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
CHECK
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
OPTIMIZE
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
REPAIR
</code>
, and
<code class="literal">
TRUNCATE
</code>
operations are supported with
subpartitions. See
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
Section 15.1.9.1, “ALTER TABLE Partition Operations”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
<b>
File name delimiters for partitions and subpartitions.
</b>
Table partition and subpartition file names include generated
delimiters such as
<code class="literal">
#P#
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
#SP#
</code>
. The lettercase of such delimiters can
vary and should not be depended upon.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/performance-schema-events-transactions-history-long-table.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="performance-schema-events-transactions-history-long-table">
</a>
29.12.7.3 The events_transactions_history_long Table
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045072215232">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045072213776">
</a>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-history-long-table.html" title="29.12.7.3 The events_transactions_history_long Table">
<code class="literal">
events_transactions_history_long
</code>
</a>
table contains the
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
N
</code>
</em>
most recent
transaction events that have ended globally, across all
threads. Transaction events are not added to the table until
they have ended. When the table becomes full, the oldest row
is discarded when a new row is added, regardless of which
thread generated either row.
</p>
<p>
The Performance Schema autosizes the value of
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
N
</code>
</em>
is autosized at server startup.
To set the table size explicitly, set the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-system-variables.html#sysvar_performance_schema_events_transactions_history_long_size">
<code class="literal">
performance_schema_events_transactions_history_long_size
</code>
</a>
system variable at server startup.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-history-long-table.html" title="29.12.7.3 The events_transactions_history_long Table">
<code class="literal">
events_transactions_history_long
</code>
</a>
table has the same columns as
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
<code class="literal">
events_transactions_current
</code>
</a>
. See
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
.
Unlike
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
<code class="literal">
events_transactions_current
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-history-long-table.html" title="29.12.7.3 The events_transactions_history_long Table">
<code class="literal">
events_transactions_history_long
</code>
</a>
has no indexing.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
TRUNCATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
is permitted for
the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-history-long-table.html" title="29.12.7.3 The events_transactions_history_long Table">
<code class="literal">
events_transactions_history_long
</code>
</a>
table. It removes the rows.
</p>
<p>
For more information about the relationship between the three
transaction event tables, see
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-event-tables.html" title="29.9 Performance Schema Tables for Current and Historical Events">
Section 29.9, “Performance Schema Tables for Current and Historical Events”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
For information about configuring whether to collect
transaction events, see
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/cache-index.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="cache-index">
</a>
15.7.8.2 CACHE INDEX Statement
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045168851088">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045168850016">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045168848528">
</a>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa73783906"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CACHE</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> {
<em class="replaceable">tbl_index_list</em> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <em class="replaceable">tbl_index_list</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token operator">|</span> <em class="replaceable">tbl_name</em> <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><em class="replaceable">partition_list</em><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
}
<span class="token keyword">IN</span> <em class="replaceable">key_cache_name</em>
<em class="replaceable">tbl_index_list</em>:
<em class="replaceable">tbl_name</em> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>{<span class="token keyword">INDEX</span><span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token keyword">KEY</span>} <span class="token punctuation">(</span><em class="replaceable">index_name</em><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <em class="replaceable">index_name</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<em class="replaceable">partition_list</em>: {
<em class="replaceable">partition_name</em><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <em class="replaceable">partition_name</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span>
}</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="cache-index.html" title="15.7.8.2 CACHE INDEX Statement">
<code class="literal">
CACHE INDEX
</code>
</a>
statement assigns
table indexes to a specific key cache. It applies only to
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables, including partitioned
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables. After the indexes have been
assigned, they can be preloaded into the cache if desired with
<a class="link" href="load-index.html" title="15.7.8.5 LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE Statement">
<code class="literal">
LOAD INDEX INTO
CACHE
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The following statement assigns indexes from the tables
<code class="literal">
t1
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
t2
</code>
, and
<code class="literal">
t3
</code>
to the key cache named
<code class="literal">
hot_cache
</code>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa74233844"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CACHE</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t3 <span class="token keyword">IN</span> hot_cache<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Table <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Op <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Msg_type <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Msg_text <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> test.t1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> assign_to_keycache <span class="token punctuation">|</span> status <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OK <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> test.t2 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> assign_to_keycache <span class="token punctuation">|</span> status <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OK <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> test.t3 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> assign_to_keycache <span class="token punctuation">|</span> status <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OK <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The syntax of
<a class="link" href="cache-index.html" title="15.7.8.2 CACHE INDEX Statement">
<code class="literal">
CACHE INDEX
</code>
</a>
enables
you to specify that only particular indexes from a table should
be assigned to the cache. However, the implementation assigns
all the table's indexes to the cache, so there is no reason to
specify anything other than the table name.
</p>
<p>
The key cache referred to in a
<a class="link" href="cache-index.html" title="15.7.8.2 CACHE INDEX Statement">
<code class="literal">
CACHE
INDEX
</code>
</a>
statement can be created by setting its size
with a parameter setting statement or in the server parameter
settings. For example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa13154485"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token keyword">GLOBAL</span> keycache1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key_buffer_size<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">128</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Key cache parameters are accessed as members of a structured
system variable. See
<a class="xref" href="structured-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9.5 Structured System Variables">
Section 7.1.9.5, “Structured System Variables”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
A key cache must exist before you assign indexes to it, or an
error occurs:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa13413367"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CACHE</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">IN</span> non_existent_cache<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">ERROR 1284 (HY000)<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Unknown key cache 'non_existent_cache'</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
By default, table indexes are assigned to the main (default) key
cache created at the server startup. When a key cache is
destroyed, all indexes assigned to it are reassigned to the
default key cache.
</p>
<p>
Index assignment affects the server globally: If one client
assigns an index to a given cache, this cache is used for all
queries involving the index, no matter which client issues the
queries.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="cache-index.html" title="15.7.8.2 CACHE INDEX Statement">
<code class="literal">
CACHE INDEX
</code>
</a>
is supported for
partitioned
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables. You can assign one
or more indexes for one, several, or all partitions to a given
key cache. For example, you can do the following:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa29898111"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> pt <span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1 <span class="token datatype">INT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> c2 <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> i<span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span><span class="token operator">=</span>MyISAM
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">HASH</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITIONS</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token keyword">GLOBAL</span> kc_fast<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key_buffer_size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">128</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token keyword">GLOBAL</span> kc_slow<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key_buffer_size <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">128</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">1024</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CACHE</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> pt <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>p0<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">IN</span> kc_fast<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CACHE</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> pt <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>p1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> p3<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">IN</span> kc_slow<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The previous set of statements performs the following actions:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Creates a partitioned table with 4 partitions; these
partitions are automatically named
<code class="literal">
p0
</code>
,
...,
<code class="literal">
p3
</code>
; this table has an index named
<code class="literal">
i
</code>
on column
<code class="literal">
c1
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Creates 2 key caches named
<code class="literal">
kc_fast
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
kc_slow
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Assigns the index for partition
<code class="literal">
p0
</code>
to the
<code class="literal">
kc_fast
</code>
key cache and the index for
partitions
<code class="literal">
p1
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
p3
</code>
to the
<code class="literal">
kc_slow
</code>
key cache; the index for
the remaining partition (
<code class="literal">
p2
</code>
) uses the
server's default key cache.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
If you wish instead to assign the indexes for all partitions in
table
<code class="literal">
pt
</code>
to a single key cache named
<code class="literal">
kc_all
</code>
, you can use either of the following
two statements:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa24589436"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CACHE</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> pt <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">ALL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">IN</span> kc_all<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CACHE</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> pt <span class="token keyword">IN</span> kc_all<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The two statements just shown are equivalent, and issuing either
one has exactly the same effect. In other words, if you wish to
assign indexes for all partitions of a partitioned table to the
same key cache, the
<code class="literal">
PARTITION (ALL)
</code>
clause is
optional.
</p>
<p>
When assigning indexes for multiple partitions to a key cache,
the partitions need not be contiguous, and you need not list
their names in any particular order. Indexes for any partitions
not explicitly assigned to a key cache automatically use the
server default key cache.
</p>
<p>
Index preloading is also supported for partitioned
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables. For more information, see
<a class="xref" href="load-index.html" title="15.7.8.5 LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE Statement">
Section 15.7.8.5, “LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/creating-accounts.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="creating-accounts">
</a>
8.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249592368">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249591328">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249589840">
</a>
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</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249587280">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249586208">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249584720">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249583648">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249582160">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249580672">
</a>
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<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249576208">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249574720">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249573232">
</a>
<p>
To manage MySQL accounts, use the SQL statements intended for that
purpose:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="create-user.html" title="15.7.1.3 CREATE USER Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE USER
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="drop-user.html" title="15.7.1.5 DROP USER Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP USER
</code>
</a>
create and remove
accounts.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
<code class="literal">
GRANT
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="revoke.html" title="15.7.1.8 REVOKE Statement">
<code class="literal">
REVOKE
</code>
</a>
assign privileges to and
revoke privileges from accounts.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="show-grants.html" title="15.7.7.22 SHOW GRANTS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW GRANTS
</code>
</a>
displays account
privilege assignments.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Account-management statements cause the server to make appropriate
modifications to the underlying grant tables, which are discussed
in
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Direct modification of grant tables using statements such as
<a class="link" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSERT
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
</code>
</a>
, or
<a class="link" href="delete.html" title="15.2.2 DELETE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DELETE
</code>
</a>
is discouraged and done at
your own risk. The server is free to ignore rows that become
malformed as a result of such modifications.
</p>
<p>
For any operation that modifies a grant table, the server checks
whether the table has the expected structure and produces an
error if not. To update the tables to the expected structure,
perform the MySQL upgrade procedure. See
<a class="xref" href="upgrading.html" title="Chapter 3 Upgrading MySQL">
Chapter 3,
<i>
Upgrading MySQL
</i>
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Another option for creating accounts is to use the GUI tool
MySQL Workbench. Also, several third-party programs offer capabilities
for MySQL account administration.
<code class="literal">
phpMyAdmin
</code>
is
one such program.
</p>
<p>
This section discusses the following topics:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html#creating-accounts-granting-privileges" title="Creating Accounts and Granting Privileges">
Creating Accounts and Granting Privileges
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html#checking-account-privileges" title="Checking Account Privileges and Properties">
Checking Account Privileges and Properties
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html#revoking-account-privileges" title="Revoking Account Privileges">
Revoking Account Privileges
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html#dropping-accounts" title="Dropping Accounts">
Dropping Accounts
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
For additional information about the statements discussed here,
see
<a class="xref" href="account-management-statements.html" title="15.7.1 Account Management Statements">
Section 15.7.1, “Account Management Statements”
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="creating-accounts-granting-privileges">
</a>
Creating Accounts and Granting Privileges
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The following examples show how to use the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client program to set up new accounts.
These examples assume that the MySQL
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
account has the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_create-user">
<code class="literal">
CREATE USER
</code>
</a>
privilege and all privileges that it grants to other accounts.
</p>
<p>
At the command line, connect to the server as the MySQL
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
user, supplying the appropriate password
at the password prompt:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa70642668"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysql</span> <span class="token property">-u</span> root <span class="token property">-p</span>
Enter password<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation"></span><em class="replaceable"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>enter root password here<span class="token punctuation">)</span></em><span class="token punctuation"></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
After connecting to the server, you can add new accounts. The
following example uses
<a class="link" href="create-user.html" title="15.7.1.3 CREATE USER Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE USER
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
<code class="literal">
GRANT
</code>
</a>
statements
to set up four accounts (where you see
<code class="literal">
'
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
password
</code>
</em>
'
</code>
,
substitute an appropriate password):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa70440063"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'finley'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">password</em>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'finley'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>
<span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">OPTION</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'finley'</span>@<span class="token string">'%.example.com'</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">password</em>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'finley'</span>@<span class="token string">'%.example.com'</span>
<span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">OPTION</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'admin'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">password</em>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">RELOAD</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">PROCESS</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'admin'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'dummy'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The accounts created by those statements have the following
properties:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Two accounts have a user name of
<code class="literal">
finley
</code>
.
Both are superuser accounts with full global privileges to
do anything. The
<code class="literal">
'finley'@'localhost'
</code>
account can be used only when connecting from the local
host. The
<code class="literal">
'finley'@'%.example.com'
</code>
account uses the
<code class="literal">
'%'
</code>
wildcard in the host
part, so it can be used to connect from any host in the
<code class="literal">
example.com
</code>
domain.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
'finley'@'localhost'
</code>
account is
necessary if there is an anonymous-user account for
<code class="literal">
localhost
</code>
. Without the
<code class="literal">
'finley'@'localhost'
</code>
account, that
anonymous-user account takes precedence when
<code class="literal">
finley
</code>
connects from the local host and
<code class="literal">
finley
</code>
is treated as an anonymous user.
The reason for this is that the anonymous-user account has a
more specific
<code class="literal">
Host
</code>
column value than the
<code class="literal">
'finley'@'%'
</code>
account and thus comes
earlier in the
<code class="literal">
user
</code>
table sort order.
(For information about
<code class="literal">
user
</code>
table
sorting, see
<a class="xref" href="connection-access.html" title="8.2.6 Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification">
Section 8.2.6, “Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification”
</a>
.)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
'admin'@'localhost'
</code>
account can be
used only by
<code class="literal">
admin
</code>
to connect from the
local host. It is granted the global
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_reload">
<code class="literal">
RELOAD
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_process">
<code class="literal">
PROCESS
</code>
</a>
administrative
privileges. These privileges enable the
<code class="literal">
admin
</code>
user to execute the
<a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqladmin reload
</strong>
</span>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqladmin
refresh
</strong>
</span>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqladmin
flush-
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
xxx
</code>
</em>
</strong>
</span>
</a>
commands, as
well as
<a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqladmin processlist
</strong>
</span>
</a>
. No
privileges are granted for accessing any databases. You
could add such privileges using
<a class="link" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
<code class="literal">
GRANT
</code>
</a>
statements.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
'dummy'@'localhost'
</code>
account has no
password (which is insecure and not recommended). This
account can be used only to connect from the local host. No
privileges are granted. It is assumed that you grant
specific privileges to the account using
<a class="link" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
<code class="literal">
GRANT
</code>
</a>
statements.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The previous example grants privileges at the global level. The
next example creates three accounts and grants them access at
lower levels; that is, to specific databases or objects within
databases. Each account has a user name of
<code class="literal">
custom
</code>
, but the host name parts differ:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa68391677"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'custom'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">password</em>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> bankaccount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'custom'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'custom'</span>@<span class="token string">'host47.example.com'</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">password</em>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">DELETE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">DROP</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> expenses<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'custom'</span>@<span class="token string">'host47.example.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'custom'</span>@<span class="token string">'%.example.com'</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">password</em>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">DELETE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">DROP</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> customer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>addresses
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'custom'</span>@<span class="token string">'%.example.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The three accounts can be used as follows:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
'custom'@'localhost'
</code>
account has all
database-level privileges to access the
<code class="literal">
bankaccount
</code>
database. The account can be
used to connect to the server only from the local host.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
'custom'@'host47.example.com'
</code>
account
has specific database-level privileges to access the
<code class="literal">
expenses
</code>
database. The account can be
used to connect to the server only from the host
<code class="literal">
host47.example.com
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
'custom'@'%.example.com'
</code>
account has
specific table-level privileges to access the
<code class="literal">
addresses
</code>
table in the
<code class="literal">
customer
</code>
database, from any host in the
<code class="literal">
example.com
</code>
domain. The account can be
used to connect to the server from all machines in the
domain due to use of the
<code class="literal">
%
</code>
wildcard
character in the host part of the account name.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="checking-account-privileges">
</a>
Checking Account Privileges and Properties
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249487088">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249485600">
</a>
<p>
To see the privileges for an account, use
<a class="link" href="show-grants.html" title="15.7.7.22 SHOW GRANTS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW GRANTS
</code>
</a>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa38466710"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">GRANTS</span> <span class="token keyword">FOR</span> <span class="token string">'admin'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Grants for admin@localhost <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> GRANT RELOAD, PROCESS ON *.* TO `admin`@`localhost` <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To see nonprivilege properties for an account, use
<a class="link" href="show-create-user.html" title="15.7.7.13 SHOW CREATE USER Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW CREATE USER
</code>
</a>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa40235242"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> print_identified_with_as_hex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'admin'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>\G
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 1. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
CREATE USER for admin@localhost<span class="token punctuation">:</span> CREATE USER `admin`@`localhost`
IDENTIFIED WITH 'caching_sha2_password'
AS 0x24412430303524301D0E17054E2241362B1419313C3E44326F294133734B30792F436E77764270373039612E32445250786D43594F45354532324B6169794F47457852796E32
REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK
PASSWORD HISTORY DEFAULT
PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL DEFAULT
PASSWORD REQUIRE CURRENT DEFAULT</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Enabling the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_print_identified_with_as_hex">
<code class="literal">
print_identified_with_as_hex
</code>
</a>
system variable causes
<a class="link" href="show-create-user.html" title="15.7.7.13 SHOW CREATE USER Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW CREATE
USER
</code>
</a>
to display hash values that contain unprintable
characters as hexadecimal strings rather than as regular string
literals.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="revoking-account-privileges">
</a>
Revoking Account Privileges
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249471600">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249470112">
</a>
<p>
To revoke account privileges, use the
<a class="link" href="revoke.html" title="15.7.1.8 REVOKE Statement">
<code class="literal">
REVOKE
</code>
</a>
statement. Privileges can
be revoked at different levels, just as they can be granted at
different levels.
</p>
<p>
Revoke global privileges:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa40987640"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">REVOKE</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> <span class="token string">'finley'</span>@<span class="token string">'%.example.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">REVOKE</span> <span class="token keyword">RELOAD</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> <span class="token string">'admin'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Revoke database-level privileges:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa11946417"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">REVOKE</span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">DROP</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> expenses<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> <span class="token string">'custom'</span>@<span class="token string">'host47.example.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Revoke table-level privileges:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa35950151"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">REVOKE</span> <span class="token keyword">INSERT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">DELETE</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> customer<span class="token punctuation">.</span>addresses
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> <span class="token string">'custom'</span>@<span class="token string">'%.example.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To check the effect of privilege revocation, use
<a class="link" href="show-grants.html" title="15.7.7.22 SHOW GRANTS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW GRANTS
</code>
</a>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa42263761"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">GRANTS</span> <span class="token keyword">FOR</span> <span class="token string">'admin'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Grants for admin@localhost <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> GRANT PROCESS ON *.* TO `admin`@`localhost` <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="dropping-accounts">
</a>
Dropping Accounts
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249457664">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249456176">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249454688">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045249453200">
</a>
<p>
To remove an account, use the
<a class="link" href="drop-user.html" title="15.7.1.5 DROP USER Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP
USER
</code>
</a>
statement. For example, to drop some of the
accounts created previously:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa17512299"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'finley'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'finley'</span>@<span class="token string">'%.example.com'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'admin'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'dummy'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/performance-schema-keyring-tables.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="performance-schema-keyring-tables">
</a>
29.12.18 Performance Schema Keyring Tables
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="performance-schema-keyring-component-status-table.html">
29.12.18.1 The keyring_component_status Table
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="performance-schema-keyring-keys-table.html">
29.12.18.2 The keyring_keys table
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045069517344">
</a>
<p>
The following sections describe the Performance Schema tables
associated with the MySQL keyring (see
<a class="xref" href="keyring.html" title="8.4.4 The MySQL Keyring">
Section 8.4.4, “The MySQL Keyring”
</a>
). They provide information about
keyring operation:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-keyring-component-status-table.html" title="29.12.18.1 The keyring_component_status Table">
<code class="literal">
keyring_component_status
</code>
</a>
:
Information about the keyring component in use.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-keyring-keys-table.html" title="29.12.18.2 The keyring_keys table">
<code class="literal">
keyring_keys
</code>
</a>
: Metadata for keys
in the MySQL keyring.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/sys-ps-setup-disable-thread.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="sys-ps-setup-disable-thread">
</a>
30.4.4.7 The ps_setup_disable_thread() Procedure
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045061506032">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045061504528">
</a>
<p>
Given a connection ID, disables Performance Schema
instrumentation for the thread. Produces a result set
indicating how many threads were disabled. Already disabled
threads do not count.
</p>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="sys-ps-setup-disable-thread-parameters">
</a>
Parameters
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
in_connection_id BIGINT
</code>
: The
connection ID. This is a value of the type given in the
<code class="literal">
PROCESSLIST_ID
</code>
column of the
Performance Schema
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-threads-table.html" title="29.12.22.8 The threads Table">
<code class="literal">
threads
</code>
</a>
table or the
<code class="literal">
Id
</code>
column of
<a class="link" href="show-processlist.html" title="15.7.7.31 SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW PROCESSLIST
</code>
</a>
output.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="sys-ps-setup-disable-thread-example">
</a>
Example
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Disable a specific connection by its connection ID:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa70076365"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CALL</span> sys<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ps_setup_disable_thread<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">225</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> summary <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Disabled 1 thread <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Disable the current connection:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa8465768"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CALL</span> sys<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ps_setup_disable_thread<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">CONNECTION_ID</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> summary <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Disabled 1 thread <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/sys-schema-tables.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="sys-schema-tables">
</a>
30.4.2 sys Schema Tables and Triggers
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-sys-config.html">
30.4.2.1 The sys_config Table
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-sys-config-insert-set-user.html">
30.4.2.2 The sys_config_insert_set_user Trigger
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-sys-config-update-set-user.html">
30.4.2.3 The sys_config_update_set_user Trigger
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<p>
The following sections describe
<a class="link" href="sys-schema.html" title="Chapter 30 MySQL sys Schema">
<code class="literal">
sys
</code>
</a>
schema tables and triggers.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/sys-waits-by-host-by-latency.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="sys-waits-by-host-by-latency">
</a>
30.4.3.50 The waits_by_host_by_latency and x$waits_by_host_by_latency Views
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045061743104">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045061741648">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045061740144">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045061738640">
</a>
<p>
These views summarize wait events, grouped by host and event.
By default, rows are sorted by host and descending total
latency. Idle events are ignored.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="sys-waits-by-host-by-latency.html" title="30.4.3.50 The waits_by_host_by_latency and x$waits_by_host_by_latency Views">
<code class="literal">
waits_by_host_by_latency
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="sys-waits-by-host-by-latency.html" title="30.4.3.50 The waits_by_host_by_latency and x$waits_by_host_by_latency Views">
<code class="literal">
x$waits_by_host_by_latency
</code>
</a>
views
have these columns:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
host
</code>
</p>
<p>
The host from which the connection originated.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
event
</code>
</p>
<p>
The event name.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
total
</code>
</p>
<p>
The total number of occurrences of the event for the host.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
total_latency
</code>
</p>
<p>
The total wait time of timed occurrences of the event for
the host.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
avg_latency
</code>
</p>
<p>
The average wait time per timed occurrence of the event
for the host.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
max_latency
</code>
</p>
<p>
The maximum single wait time of timed occurrences of the
event for the host.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/group-replication-online-upgrade-considerations.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="group-replication-online-upgrade-considerations">
</a>
20.8.3.1 Online Upgrade Considerations
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045131606656">
</a>
<p>
When upgrading an online group you should consider the following
points:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Regardless of the way which you upgrade your group, it is
important to disable any writes to group members until they
are ready to rejoin the group.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When a member is stopped, the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_super_read_only">
<code class="literal">
super_read_only
</code>
</a>
variable is
set to on automatically, but this change is not persisted.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/replication-upgrade.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="replication-upgrade">
</a>
19.5.3 Upgrading or Downgrading a Replication Topology
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
When you upgrade servers that participate in a replication
topology, you need to take into account each server's role in the
topology and look out for issues specific to replication. For
general information and instructions for upgrading a MySQL Server
instance, see
<a class="xref" href="upgrading.html" title="Chapter 3 Upgrading MySQL">
Chapter 3,
<i>
Upgrading MySQL
</i>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
As explained in
<a class="xref" href="replication-compatibility.html" title="19.5.2 Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions">
Section 19.5.2, “Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions”
</a>
, MySQL
supports replication from an older source to a newer replica for
version combinations where we support upgrades from the source
version to the replica version as described at
<a class="xref" href="mysql-releases.html" title="1.3 MySQL Releases: Innovation and LTS">
Section 1.3, “MySQL Releases: Innovation and LTS”
</a>
and
<a class="xref" href="upgrade-paths.html" title="3.2 Upgrade Paths">
Section 3.2, “Upgrade Paths”
</a>
, but does not support replication
from a source running a later release to a replica running an
earlier release. A replica at an earlier release might not have
the required capability to process transactions that can be
handled by the source at a later release. You must therefore
upgrade all of the replicas in a replication topology to the
target MySQL Server release, before you upgrade the source server
to the target release. In this way you will never be in the
situation where a replica still at the earlier release is
attempting to handle transactions from a source at the later
release.
</p>
<p>
In a replication topology where there are multiple sources
(multi-source replication), the use of more than two MySQL Server
versions is not supported, regardless of the number of source or
replica MySQL servers. For example, you cannot use MySQL X.Y.1,
MySQL X.Y.2, and MySQL X.Y.3 concurrently in such a setup,
although you could use any two of these releases together.
</p>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="idm46045134724336">
</a>
Pre-Check Servers before Upgrade
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
It is possible to encounter replication difficulties when
replicating from a source at an earlier release that has not yet
been upgraded, to a replica at a later release that has been
upgraded. This can happen if the source uses statements or
relies on behavior that is no longer supported in the later
release installed on the replica. You can use the MySQL Shell
upgrade checker utility
<code class="literal">
util.checkForServerUpgrade()
</code>
to check MySQL
8.0 server instances for upgrade to a MySQL 8.4 release. This
utility identifies configuration and stored data that is known
to potentially cause upgrade problems, including features and
behaviors that are no longer available in the later release. See
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/mysql-shell/8.4/en/mysql-shell-utilities-upgrade.html" target="_top">
Upgrade Checker Utility
</a>
for information
on the upgrade checker utility.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="idm46045134720848">
</a>
Standard Upgrade Procedure
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
To upgrade a replication topology, follow the instructions in
<a class="xref" href="upgrading.html" title="Chapter 3 Upgrading MySQL">
Chapter 3,
<i>
Upgrading MySQL
</i>
</a>
for each individual MySQL Server
instance, using this overall procedure:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Upgrade the replicas first. On each replica instance:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Carry out the preliminary checks and steps described in
<a class="xref" href="upgrade-prerequisites.html" title="3.6 Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade">
Section 3.6, “Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Shut down MySQL Server.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Upgrade the MySQL Server binaries or packages.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Restart MySQL Server.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
MySQL Server performs the entire MySQL upgrade procedure
automatically, disabling binary logging during the
upgrade.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Restart replication using a
<a class="link" href="start-replica.html" title="15.4.2.4 START REPLICA Statement">
<code class="literal">
START
REPLICA
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If there are multiple layers of replicas
(replicas-of-replicas) start upgrading the replicas that are
farthest away from the source, performing the upgrade in a
bottom-up fashion.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When all replicas have upgraded and only the source remains,
perform a switch-over to one of the replicas. In other
words, stop client updates on the source, wait for at least
one replica to apply all changes, reconfigure the
replication topology so that replica becomes the source and
that the source is left outside the replication topology.
Upgrade the old source according to the procedure for a
single server, and then reinsert it into the topology.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
If you need to downgrade the servers in a replication topology,
the source must be downgraded before the replicas are
downgraded. On the replicas, you must ensure that the binary log
and relay log have been fully processed, and purge them before
proceeding with the downgrade.
</p>
<h5>
<a name="idm46045134706544">
</a>
Rolling Downgrade Procedure
</h5>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Stop the updates.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Wait for replicas to receive all updates. It is not
necessary to wait for them to apply all changes. If they
have not applied all changes, leave their applier running so
they can process the received transactions in the
background.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Downgrade the source server, following the instructions for
single server downgrade.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Insert the downgraded source server in the topology again.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Allow updates again.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Wait until all replicas have applied all remaining
transactions from the previous primary.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For each replica, take out the replica from the topology,
wait for it to apply all its relay log, downgrade it
following the instructions for a single server downgrade,
and reinsert it back into the topology. If there are
multiple levels of replicas (replicas-of-replicas) then
downgrade top-down starting with the replicas nearest to the
source server.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/replication-binlog-encryption.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="replication-binlog-encryption">
</a>
19.3.2 Encrypting Binary Log Files and Relay Log Files
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="replication-binlog-encryption-scope.html">
19.3.2.1 Scope of Binary Log Encryption
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="replication-binlog-encryption-encryption-keys.html">
19.3.2.2 Binary Log Encryption Keys
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="replication-binlog-encryption-key-rotation.html">
19.3.2.3 Binary Log Master Key Rotation
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045137141760">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045137140688">
</a>
<p>
MySQL binary log files and relay log files can be encrypted,
helping to protect these files and the potentially sensitive data
contained in them from being misused by outside attackers, and
also from unauthorized viewing by users of the operating system
where they are stored. The encryption algorithm used for the
files, the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) cipher algorithm, is
built in to MySQL Server and cannot be configured.
</p>
<p>
You enable this encryption on a MySQL server by setting the
<a class="link" href="replication-options-binary-log.html#sysvar_binlog_encryption">
<code class="literal">
binlog_encryption
</code>
</a>
system variable
to
<code class="literal">
ON
</code>
.
<code class="literal">
OFF
</code>
is the default.
The system variable sets encryption on for binary log files and
relay log files. Binary logging does not need to be enabled on the
server to enable encryption, so you can encrypt the relay log
files on a replica that has no binary log. To use encryption, a
keyring component or plugin must be installed and configured to
supply MySQL Server's keyring service. For instructions to do
this, see
<a class="xref" href="keyring.html" title="8.4.4 The MySQL Keyring">
Section 8.4.4, “The MySQL Keyring”
</a>
. Any supported keyring
component or plugin can be used to store binary log encryption
keys.
</p>
<p>
When you first start the server with encryption enabled, a new
binary log encryption key is generated before the binary log and
relay logs are initialized. This key is used to encrypt a file
password for each binary log file (if the server has binary
logging enabled) and relay log file (if the server has replication
channels), and further keys generated from the file passwords are
used to encrypt the data in the files. The binary log encryption
key that is currently in use on the server is called the binary
log master key. The two tier encryption key architecture means
that the binary log master key can be rotated (replaced by a new
master key) as required, and only the file password for each file
needs to be re-encrypted with the new master key, not the whole
file. Relay log files are encrypted for all channels, including
new channels that are created after encryption is activated. The
binary log index file and relay log index file are never
encrypted.
</p>
<p>
If you activate encryption while the server is running, a new
binary log encryption key is generated at that time. The exception
is if encryption was active previously on the server and was then
disabled, in which case the binary log encryption key that was in
use before is used again. The binary log file and relay log files
are rotated immediately, and file passwords for the new files and
all subsequent binary log files and relay log files are encrypted
using this binary log encryption key. Existing binary log files
and relay log files still present on the server are not encrypted,
but you can purge them if they are no longer needed.
</p>
<p>
If you deactivate encryption by changing the
<a class="link" href="replication-options-binary-log.html#sysvar_binlog_encryption">
<code class="literal">
binlog_encryption
</code>
</a>
system variable
to
<code class="literal">
OFF
</code>
, the binary log file and relay log files
are rotated immediately and all subsequent logging is unencrypted.
Previously encrypted files are not automatically decrypted, but
the server is still able to read them. The
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_binlog-encryption-admin">
<code class="literal">
BINLOG_ENCRYPTION_ADMIN
</code>
</a>
privilege
is required to activate or deactivate encryption while the server
is running.
</p>
<p>
Encrypted and unencrypted binary log files can be distinguished
using the magic number at the start of the file header for
encrypted log files (
<code class="literal">
0xFD62696E
</code>
), which differs
from that used for unencrypted log files
(
<code class="literal">
0xFE62696E
</code>
). The
<a class="link" href="show-binary-logs.html" title="15.7.7.2 SHOW BINARY LOGS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW
BINARY LOGS
</code>
</a>
statement shows whether each binary log file
is encrypted or unencrypted.
</p>
<p>
When binary log files have been encrypted,
<a class="link" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlbinlog
</strong>
</span>
</a>
cannot read them directly, but can
read them from the server using the
<a class="link" href="mysqlbinlog.html#option_mysqlbinlog_read-from-remote-server">
<code class="option">
--read-from-remote-server
</code>
</a>
option. If you back up encrypted binary log files using
<a class="link" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlbinlog
</strong>
</span>
</a>
, note that the copies of the files
that are generated using
<a class="link" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlbinlog
</strong>
</span>
</a>
are stored
in an unencrypted format.
</p>
<p>
Binary log encryption can be combined with binary log transaction
compression. For more information on binary log transaction
compression, see
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-transaction-compression.html" title="7.4.4.5 Binary Log Transaction Compression">
Section 7.4.4.5, “Binary Log Transaction Compression”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-restrictions.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="charset-restrictions">
</a>
12.11 Restrictions on Character Sets
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045215492848">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045215491392">
</a>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Identifiers are stored in
<code class="literal">
mysql
</code>
database
tables (
<code class="literal">
user
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
db
</code>
, and so
forth) using
<code class="literal">
utf8mb3
</code>
, but identifiers can
contain only characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP).
Supplementary characters are not permitted in identifiers.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
ucs2
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
utf16
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
utf16le
</code>
, and
<code class="literal">
utf32
</code>
character sets have the following restrictions:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
None of them can be used as the client character set. See
<a class="xref" href="charset-connection.html#charset-connection-impermissible-client-charset" title="Impermissible Client Character Sets">
Impermissible Client Character Sets
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
It is currently not possible to use
<a class="link" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
<code class="literal">
LOAD DATA
</code>
</a>
to load data
files that use these character sets.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
FULLTEXT
</code>
indexes cannot be created on a
column that uses any of these character sets. However, you
can perform
<code class="literal">
IN BOOLEAN MODE
</code>
searches on
the column without an index.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="regexp.html#operator_regexp">
<code class="literal">
REGEXP
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="regexp.html#operator_regexp">
<code class="literal">
RLIKE
</code>
</a>
operators work in byte-wise fashion, so they are not multibyte
safe and may produce unexpected results with multibyte
character sets. In addition, these operators compare
characters by their byte values and accented characters may
not compare as equal even if a given collation treats them as
equal.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-online-add-node-basics.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-basics">
</a>
25.6.7.2 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Basic procedure
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
In this section, we list the basic steps required to add new
data nodes to an NDB Cluster. This procedure applies whether you
are using
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndbd.html" title="25.5.1 ndbd — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndbd
</strong>
</span>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndbmtd.html" title="25.5.3 ndbmtd — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon (Multi-Threaded)">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndbmtd
</strong>
</span>
</a>
binaries for the data node processes. For a more detailed
example, see
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-example.html" title="25.6.7.3 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example">
Section 25.6.7.3, “Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Assuming that you already have a running NDB Cluster, adding
data nodes online requires the following steps:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Edit the cluster configuration
<code class="filename">
config.ini
</code>
file, adding new
<code class="literal">
[ndbd]
</code>
sections corresponding to the
nodes to be added. In the case where the cluster uses
multiple management servers, these changes need to be made
to all
<code class="filename">
config.ini
</code>
files used by the
management servers.
</p>
<p>
You must be careful that node IDs for any new data nodes
added in the
<code class="filename">
config.ini
</code>
file do not
overlap node IDs used by existing nodes. In the event that
you have API nodes using dynamically allocated node IDs and
these IDs match node IDs that you want to use for new data
nodes, it is possible to force any such API nodes to
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
migrate
</span>
”
</span>
, as described later in this
procedure.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Perform a rolling restart of all NDB Cluster management
servers.
</p>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
All management servers must be restarted with the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgmd.html#option_ndb_mgmd_reload">
<code class="option">
--reload
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgmd.html#option_ndb_mgmd_initial">
<code class="option">
--initial
</code>
</a>
option to force
the reading of the new configuration.
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Perform a rolling restart of all existing NDB Cluster data
nodes. It is not necessary (or usually even desirable) to
use
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndbd.html#option_ndbd_initial">
<code class="option">
--initial
</code>
</a>
when restarting
the existing data nodes.
</p>
<p>
If you are using API nodes with dynamically allocated IDs
matching any node IDs that you wish to assign to new data
nodes, you must restart all API nodes (including SQL nodes)
before restarting any of the data nodes processes in this
step. This causes any API nodes with node IDs that were
previously not explicitly assigned to relinquish those node
IDs and acquire new ones.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Perform a rolling restart of any SQL or API nodes connected
to the NDB Cluster.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Start the new data nodes.
</p>
<p>
The new data nodes may be started in any order. They can
also be started concurrently, as long as they are started
after the rolling restarts of all existing data nodes have
been completed, and before proceeding to the next step.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Execute one or more
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-mgm-client-commands.html#ndbclient-create-nodegroup">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
NODEGROUP
</code>
</a>
commands in the NDB Cluster management
client to create the new node group or node groups to which
the new data nodes belong.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Redistribute the cluster's data among all data nodes,
including the new ones. Normally this is done by issuing an
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE ...
ALGORITHM=INPLACE, REORGANIZE PARTITION
</code>
</a>
statement
in the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client for each
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDBCLUSTER
</code>
</a>
table.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Exception
</em>
</span>
: For tables created using the
<code class="literal">
MAX_ROWS
</code>
option, this statement does not
work; instead, use
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE ...
ALGORITHM=INPLACE MAX_ROWS=...
</code>
to reorganize such
tables. You should also bear in mind that using
<code class="literal">
MAX_ROWS
</code>
to set the number of partitions
in this fashion is deprecated, and you should use
<code class="literal">
PARTITION_BALANCE
</code>
instead; see
<a class="xref" href="create-table-ndb-comment-options.html" title="15.1.20.12 Setting NDB Comment Options">
Section 15.1.20.12, “Setting NDB Comment Options”
</a>
, for more
information.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
This needs to be done only for tables already existing at
the time the new node group is added. Data in tables
created after the new node group is added is distributed
automatically; however, data added to any given table
<code class="literal">
tbl
</code>
that existed before the new nodes
were added is not distributed using the new nodes until
that table has been reorganized.
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE ... REORGANIZE PARTITION
ALGORITHM=INPLACE
</code>
reorganizes partitions but does
not reclaim the space freed on the
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
old
</span>
”
</span>
nodes.
You can do this by issuing, for each
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDBCLUSTER
</code>
</a>
table, an
<a class="link" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
OPTIMIZE TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement in
the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client.
</p>
<p>
This works for space used by variable-width columns of
in-memory
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
tables.
<code class="literal">
OPTIMIZE
TABLE
</code>
is not supported for fixed-width columns of
in-memory tables; it is also not supported for Disk Data
tables.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
You can add all the nodes desired, then issue several
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-mgm-client-commands.html#ndbclient-create-nodegroup">
<code class="literal">
CREATE NODEGROUP
</code>
</a>
commands in
succession to add the new node groups to the cluster.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/innodb-temporary-tablespace.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="innodb-temporary-tablespace">
</a>
17.6.3.5 Temporary Tablespaces
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
uses session temporary tablespaces and a
global temporary tablespace.
</p>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="innodb-session-temporary-tablespaces">
</a>
Session Temporary Tablespaces
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Session temporary tablespaces store user-created temporary
tables and internal temporary tables created by the optimizer
when
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
is configured as the storage
engine for on-disk internal temporary tables. On-disk internal
temporary tables use the
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
storage
engine.
</p>
<p>
Session temporary tablespaces are allocated to a session from a
pool of temporary tablespaces on the first request to create an
on-disk temporary table. A maximum of two tablespaces is
allocated to a session, one for user-created temporary tables
and the other for internal temporary tables created by the
optimizer. The temporary tablespaces allocated to a session are
used for all on-disk temporary tables created by the session.
When a session disconnects, its temporary tablespaces are
truncated and released back to the pool. A pool of 10 temporary
tablespaces is created when the server is started. The size of
the pool never shrinks and tablespaces are added to the pool
automatically as necessary. The pool of temporary tablespaces is
removed on normal shutdown or on an aborted initialization.
Session temporary tablespace files are five pages in size when
created and have an
<code class="filename">
.ibt
</code>
file name
extension.
</p>
<p>
A range of 400 thousand space IDs is reserved for session
temporary tablespaces. Because the pool of session temporary
tablespaces is recreated each time the server is started, space
IDs for session temporary tablespaces are not persisted when the
server is shut down, and may be reused.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_temp_tablespaces_dir">
<code class="literal">
innodb_temp_tablespaces_dir
</code>
</a>
variable defines the location where session temporary
tablespaces are created. The default location is the
<code class="filename">
#innodb_temp
</code>
directory in the data
directory. Startup is refused if the pool of temporary
tablespaces cannot be created.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa20046876"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">cd</span> <em class="replaceable">BASEDIR</em>/data/<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">#innodb_temp</span>
<span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">ls</span>
temp_10<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ibt temp_2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ibt temp_4<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ibt temp_6<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ibt temp_8<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ibt
temp_1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ibt temp_3<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ibt temp_5<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ibt temp_7<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ibt temp_9<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ibt</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
In statement based replication (SBR) mode, temporary tables
created on a replica reside in a single session temporary
tablespace that is truncated only when the MySQL server is shut
down.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="information-schema-innodb-session-temp-tablespaces-table.html" title="28.4.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SESSION_TEMP_TABLESPACES Table">
<code class="literal">
INNODB_SESSION_TEMP_TABLESPACES
</code>
</a>
table provides metadata about session temporary tablespaces.
</p>
<p>
The Information Schema
<a class="link" href="information-schema-innodb-temp-table-info-table.html" title="28.4.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO Table">
<code class="literal">
INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO
</code>
</a>
table
provides metadata about user-created temporary tables that are
active in an
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
instance.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="innodb-global-temporary-tablespace">
</a>
Global Temporary Tablespace
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The global temporary tablespace (
<code class="filename">
ibtmp1
</code>
)
stores rollback segments for changes made to user-created
temporary tables.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_temp_data_file_path">
<code class="literal">
innodb_temp_data_file_path
</code>
</a>
variable defines the relative path, name, size, and attributes
for global temporary tablespace data files. If no value is
specified for
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_temp_data_file_path">
<code class="literal">
innodb_temp_data_file_path
</code>
</a>
, the
default behavior is to create a single auto-extending data file
named
<code class="filename">
ibtmp1
</code>
in the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_data_home_dir">
<code class="literal">
innodb_data_home_dir
</code>
</a>
directory.
The initial file size is slightly larger than 12MB.
</p>
<p>
The global temporary tablespace is removed on normal shutdown or
on an aborted initialization, and recreated each time the server
is started. The global temporary tablespace receives a
dynamically generated space ID when it is created. Startup is
refused if the global temporary tablespace cannot be created.
The global temporary tablespace is not removed if the server
halts unexpectedly. In this case, a database administrator can
remove the global temporary tablespace manually or restart the
MySQL server. Restarting the MySQL server removes and recreates
the global temporary tablespace automatically.
</p>
<p>
The global temporary tablespace cannot reside on a raw device.
</p>
<p>
The Information Schema
<a class="link" href="information-schema-files-table.html" title="28.3.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table">
<code class="literal">
FILES
</code>
</a>
table
provides metadata about the global temporary tablespace. Issue a
query similar to this one to view global temporary tablespace
metadata:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa72721283"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FILES <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> TABLESPACE_NAME<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'innodb_temporary'</span>\G</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
By default, the global temporary tablespace data file is
autoextending and increases in size as necessary.
</p>
<p>
To determine if a global temporary tablespace data file is
autoextending, check the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_temp_data_file_path">
<code class="literal">
innodb_temp_data_file_path
</code>
</a>
setting:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa85064666"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@@innodb_temp_data_file_path</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> @@innodb_temp_data_file_path <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ibtmp1:12M:autoextend <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To check the size of global temporary tablespace data files,
examine the Information Schema
<a class="link" href="information-schema-files-table.html" title="28.3.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table">
<code class="literal">
FILES
</code>
</a>
table using a query similar
to this one:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa51098060"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> FILE_NAME<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TABLESPACE_NAME<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">INITIAL_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> TOTAL_EXTENTS<span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token keyword">EXTENT_SIZE</span>
<span class="token keyword">AS</span> TotalSizeBytes<span class="token punctuation">,</span> DATA_FREE<span class="token punctuation">,</span> MAXIMUM_SIZE <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FILES
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> TABLESPACE_NAME <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'innodb_temporary'</span>\G
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 1. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
FILE_NAME<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ./ibtmp1
TABLESPACE_NAME<span class="token punctuation">:</span> innodb_temporary
ENGINE<span class="token punctuation">:</span> InnoDB
INITIAL_SIZE<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 12582912
TotalSizeBytes<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 12582912
DATA_FREE<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 6291456
MAXIMUM_SIZE<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<code class="literal">
TotalSizeBytes
</code>
shows the current size of the
global temporary tablespace data file. For information about
other field values, see
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-files-table.html" title="28.3.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table">
Section 28.3.15, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Alternatively, check the global temporary tablespace data file
size on your operating system. The global temporary tablespace
data file is located in the directory defined by the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_temp_data_file_path">
<code class="literal">
innodb_temp_data_file_path
</code>
</a>
variable.
</p>
<p>
To reclaim disk space occupied by a global temporary tablespace
data file, restart the MySQL server. Restarting the server
removes and recreates the global temporary tablespace data file
according to the attributes defined by
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_temp_data_file_path">
<code class="literal">
innodb_temp_data_file_path
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
To limit the size of the global temporary tablespace data file,
configure
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_temp_data_file_path">
<code class="literal">
innodb_temp_data_file_path
</code>
</a>
to
specify a maximum file size. For example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-ini"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa91408607"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-ini"><span class="token selector">[mysqld]</span>
<span class="token constant">innodb_temp_data_file_path</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>ibtmp1:12M:autoextend:max:500M</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Configuring
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_temp_data_file_path">
<code class="literal">
innodb_temp_data_file_path
</code>
</a>
requires restarting the server.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/connector-odbc-info.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="connector-odbc-info">
</a>
31.4 MySQL Connector/ODBC
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045060370416">
</a>
<p>
The MySQL Connector/ODBC manual is published in standalone form, not
as part of the MySQL Reference Manual. For information, see these
documents:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Main manual:
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/connector-odbc/en/" target="_top">
MySQL Connector/ODBC Developer Guide
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Release notes:
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/relnotes/connector-odbc/en/" target="_top">
MySQL
Connector/ODBC Release Notes
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/sys-memory-by-user-by-current-bytes.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="sys-memory-by-user-by-current-bytes">
</a>
30.4.3.18 The memory_by_user_by_current_bytes and
x$memory_by_user_by_current_bytes Views
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045062822848">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045062821392">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045062819888">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045062818384">
</a>
<p>
These views summarize memory use, grouped by user. By default,
rows are sorted by descending amount of memory used.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="sys-memory-by-user-by-current-bytes.html" title="30.4.3.18 The memory_by_user_by_current_bytes and x$memory_by_user_by_current_bytes Views">
<code class="literal">
memory_by_user_by_current_bytes
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="sys-memory-by-user-by-current-bytes.html" title="30.4.3.18 The memory_by_user_by_current_bytes and x$memory_by_user_by_current_bytes Views">
<code class="literal">
x$memory_by_user_by_current_bytes
</code>
</a>
views have these columns:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
user
</code>
</p>
<p>
The client user name. Rows for which the
<code class="literal">
USER
</code>
column in the underlying
Performance Schema table is
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
are
assumed to be for background threads and are reported with
a host name of
<code class="literal">
background
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
current_count_used
</code>
</p>
<p>
The current number of allocated memory blocks that have
not been freed yet for the user.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
current_allocated
</code>
</p>
<p>
The current number of allocated bytes that have not been
freed yet for the user.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
current_avg_alloc
</code>
</p>
<p>
The current number of allocated bytes per memory block for
the user.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
current_max_alloc
</code>
</p>
<p>
The largest single current memory allocation in bytes for
the user.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
total_allocated
</code>
</p>
<p>
The total memory allocation in bytes for the user.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/performance-schema-atom-molecule-events.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="performance-schema-atom-molecule-events">
</a>
29.8 Performance Schema Atom and Molecule Events
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
For a table I/O event, there are usually two rows in
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-waits-current-table.html" title="29.12.4.1 The events_waits_current Table">
<code class="literal">
events_waits_current
</code>
</a>
, not one. For
example, a row fetch might result in rows like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa44837225"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">Row# EVENT_NAME TIMER_START TIMER_END
---- ---------- ----------- ---------
1 wait/io/file/myisam/dfile 10001 10002
2 wait/io/table/sql/handler 10000 NULL</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The row fetch causes a file read. In the example, the table I/O
fetch event started before the file I/O event but has not finished
(its
<code class="literal">
TIMER_END
</code>
value is
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
). The file I/O event is
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
nested
</span>
”
</span>
within the table I/O event.
</p>
<p>
This occurs because, unlike other
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
atomic
</span>
”
</span>
wait
events such as for mutexes or file I/O, table I/O events are
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
molecular
</span>
”
</span>
and include (overlap with) other events.
In
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-waits-current-table.html" title="29.12.4.1 The events_waits_current Table">
<code class="literal">
events_waits_current
</code>
</a>
, the table
I/O event usually has two rows:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
One row for the most recent table I/O wait event
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
One row for the most recent wait event of any kind
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Usually, but not always, the
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
of any kind
</span>
”
</span>
wait event
differs from the table I/O event. As each subsidiary event
completes, it disappears from
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-waits-current-table.html" title="29.12.4.1 The events_waits_current Table">
<code class="literal">
events_waits_current
</code>
</a>
. At this point,
and until the next subsidiary event begins, the table I/O wait is
also the most recent wait of any kind.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/channels-commands-single-channel.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="channels-commands-single-channel">
</a>
19.2.2.1 Commands for Operations on a Single Channel
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045138172896">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045138171408">
</a>
<p>
To enable MySQL replication operations to act on individual
replication channels, use the
<code class="literal">
FOR CHANNEL
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
channel
</code>
</em>
</code>
clause with the
following replication statements:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="start-replica.html" title="15.4.2.4 START REPLICA Statement">
<code class="literal">
START REPLICA
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="stop-replica.html" title="15.4.2.5 STOP REPLICA Statement">
<code class="literal">
STOP REPLICA
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="show-relaylog-events.html" title="15.7.7.34 SHOW RELAYLOG EVENTS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW RELAYLOG EVENTS
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
<code class="literal">
FLUSH RELAY
LOGS
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW REPLICA STATUS
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="reset-replica.html" title="15.4.2.3 RESET REPLICA Statement">
<code class="literal">
RESET REPLICA
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="replication-functions-synchronization.html#function_source-pos-wait">
<code class="literal">
SOURCE_POS_WAIT()
</code>
</a>
function has
a
<code class="literal">
channel
</code>
parameter.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="start-replica.html" title="15.4.2.4 START REPLICA Statement">
<code class="literal">
START REPLICA
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="stop-replica.html" title="15.4.2.5 STOP REPLICA Statement">
<code class="literal">
STOP REPLICA
</code>
</a>
are disallowed for the
<code class="literal">
group_replication_recovery
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
group_replication_applier
</code>
channels.
<a class="link" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW REPLICA STATUS
</code>
</a>
is also not
allowed with the
<code class="literal">
group_replication_applier
</code>
channel.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
<code class="literal">
FLUSH RELAY LOGS
</code>
</a>
is allowed for the
<code class="literal">
group_replication_applier
</code>
channel, but if the request is received while a transaction is
being applied, the request is not performed until after the
transaction ends. The requester must wait while the transaction is
completed and the rotation takes place. This prevents transactions
from being split, which is not allowed for Group Replication.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/set-statement.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="set-statement">
</a>
15.7.6 SET Statements
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="set-variable.html">
15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="set-character-set.html">
15.7.6.2 SET CHARACTER SET Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="set-names.html">
15.7.6.3 SET NAMES Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="set-statement.html" title="15.7.6 SET Statements">
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
</a>
statement has several forms. Descriptions for those forms that are
not associated with a specific server capability appear in
subsections of this section:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
<code class="literal">
SET
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
var_name
</code>
</em>
=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
value
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
enables you to
assign values to variables that affect the operation of the
server or clients. See
<a class="xref" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
Section 15.7.6.1, “SET Syntax for Variable Assignment”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="set-character-set.html" title="15.7.6.2 SET CHARACTER SET Statement">
<code class="literal">
SET CHARACTER SET
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="set-names.html" title="15.7.6.3 SET NAMES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SET NAMES
</code>
</a>
assign values to
character set and collation variables associated with the
current connection to the server. See
<a class="xref" href="set-character-set.html" title="15.7.6.2 SET CHARACTER SET Statement">
Section 15.7.6.2, “SET CHARACTER SET Statement”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="set-names.html" title="15.7.6.3 SET NAMES Statement">
Section 15.7.6.3, “SET NAMES Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Descriptions for the other forms appear elsewhere, grouped with
other statements related to the capability they help implement:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="set-default-role.html" title="15.7.1.9 SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
SET DEFAULT ROLE
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="set-role.html" title="15.7.1.11 SET ROLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
SET ROLE
</code>
</a>
set the default role
and current role for user accounts. See
<a class="xref" href="set-default-role.html" title="15.7.1.9 SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.9, “SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="set-role.html" title="15.7.1.11 SET ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.11, “SET ROLE Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="set-password.html" title="15.7.1.10 SET PASSWORD Statement">
<code class="literal">
SET PASSWORD
</code>
</a>
assigns account
passwords. See
<a class="xref" href="set-password.html" title="15.7.1.10 SET PASSWORD Statement">
Section 15.7.1.10, “SET PASSWORD Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
SET RESOURCE GROUP
</code>
assigns threads to a
resource group. See
<a class="xref" href="set-resource-group.html" title="15.7.2.4 SET RESOURCE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.7.2.4, “SET RESOURCE GROUP Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="set-transaction.html" title="15.3.7 SET TRANSACTION Statement">
<code class="literal">
SET
TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL
</code>
</a>
sets the isolation level
for transaction processing. See
<a class="xref" href="set-transaction.html" title="15.3.7 SET TRANSACTION Statement">
Section 15.3.7, “SET TRANSACTION Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/platform-support.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="platform-support">
</a>
2.1.1 Supported Platforms
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045333009680">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045333008192">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045333006704">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045333005216">
</a>
<p>
MySQL platform support evolves over time; please refer to
<a class="ulink" href="https://www.mysql.com/support/supportedplatforms/database.html" target="_blank">
https://www.mysql.com/support/supportedplatforms/database.html
</a>
for the latest updates.
To learn more about MySQL Support, see
<a class="ulink" href="https://www.mysql.com/support/" target="_blank">
https://www.mysql.com/support/
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/replication-multi-source-adding-binlog-master.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="replication-multi-source-adding-binlog-master">
</a>
19.1.5.4 Adding Binary Log Based Replication Sources to a Multi-Source Replica
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045145198688">
</a>
<p>
These steps assume that binary logging is enabled on the source
(which is the default), the replica is using
<code class="literal">
TABLE
</code>
based replication applier metadata
repositories (which is the default in MySQL 8.4), and
that you have enabled a replication user and noted the current
binary log file name and position.
</p>
<p>
Use a
<a class="link" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
</code>
</a>
statement to configure a replication channel for each source on
the replica (see
<a class="xref" href="replication-channels.html" title="19.2.2 Replication Channels">
Section 19.2.2, “Replication Channels”
</a>
). The
<code class="literal">
FOR CHANNEL
</code>
clause is used to specify the
channel. For example, to add
<code class="literal">
source1
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
source2
</code>
as sources to the replica, use the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client to issue the statement twice on
the replica, like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa3013430"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CHANGE</span> <span class="token keyword">REPLICATION</span> <span class="token keyword">SOURCE</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token keyword">SOURCE_HOST</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"source1"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">SOURCE_USER</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"ted"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">SOURCE_PASSWORD</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"<em class="replaceable">password</em>"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> \
<span class="token keyword">SOURCE_LOG_FILE</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'source1-bin.000006'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">SOURCE_LOG_POS</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">628</span> <span class="token keyword">FOR</span> <span class="token keyword">CHANNEL</span> <span class="token string">"source_1"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CHANGE</span> <span class="token keyword">REPLICATION</span> <span class="token keyword">SOURCE</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token keyword">SOURCE_HOST</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"source2"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">SOURCE_USER</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"ted"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">SOURCE_PASSWORD</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"<em class="replaceable">password</em>"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> \
<span class="token keyword">SOURCE_LOG_FILE</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'source2-bin.000018'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">SOURCE_LOG_POS</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">104</span> <span class="token keyword">FOR</span> <span class="token keyword">CHANNEL</span> <span class="token string">"source_2"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To make the replica replicate only database
<code class="literal">
db1
</code>
from
<code class="literal">
source1
</code>
, and only database
<code class="literal">
db2
</code>
from
<code class="literal">
source2
</code>
, use the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client to issue the
<a class="link" href="change-replication-filter.html" title="15.4.2.1 CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER
</code>
</a>
statement
for each channel, like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa75108677"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CHANGE</span> <span class="token keyword">REPLICATION</span> <span class="token keyword">FILTER</span> <span class="token keyword">REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'db1.%'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FOR</span> <span class="token keyword">CHANNEL</span> <span class="token string">"source_1"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CHANGE</span> <span class="token keyword">REPLICATION</span> <span class="token keyword">FILTER</span> <span class="token keyword">REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'db2.%'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FOR</span> <span class="token keyword">CHANNEL</span> <span class="token string">"source_2"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For the full syntax of the
<a class="link" href="change-replication-filter.html" title="15.4.2.1 CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHANGE REPLICATION
FILTER
</code>
</a>
statement and other available options, see
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-filter.html" title="15.4.2.1 CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement">
Section 15.4.2.1, “CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/character-arrays.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="character-arrays">
</a>
12.13.1 Character Definition Arrays
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Each simple character set has a configuration file located in
the
<code class="filename">
sql/share/charsets
</code>
directory. For a
character set named
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
MYSYS
</code>
</em>
, the file
is named
<code class="filename">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
MYSET
</code>
</em>
.xml
</code>
. It
uses
<code class="literal">
<map>
</code>
array elements to list
character set properties.
<code class="literal">
<map>
</code>
elements appear within these elements:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
<ctype>
</code>
defines attributes for each
character.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
<lower>
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
<upper>
</code>
list the lowercase and
uppercase characters.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
<unicode>
</code>
maps 8-bit character
values to Unicode values.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
<collation>
</code>
elements indicate
character ordering for comparison and sorting, one element
per collation. Binary collations need no
<code class="literal">
<map>
</code>
element because the character
codes themselves provide the ordering.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
For a complex character set as implemented in a
<code class="filename">
ctype-
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
MYSET
</code>
</em>
.c
</code>
file in the
<code class="filename">
strings
</code>
directory, there are
corresponding arrays:
<code class="literal">
ctype_
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
MYSET
</code>
</em>
[]
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
to_lower_
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
MYSET
</code>
</em>
[]
</code>
,
and so forth. Not every complex character set has all of the
arrays. See also the existing
<code class="filename">
ctype-*.c
</code>
files for examples. See the
<code class="filename">
CHARSET_INFO.txt
</code>
file in the
<code class="filename">
strings
</code>
directory for additional
information.
</p>
<p>
Most of the arrays are indexed by character value and have 256
elements. The
<code class="literal">
<ctype>
</code>
array is indexed
by character value + 1 and has 257 elements. This is a legacy
convention for handling
<code class="literal">
EOF
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
<ctype>
</code>
array elements are bit values.
Each element describes the attributes of a single character in
the character set. Each attribute is associated with a bitmask,
as defined in
<code class="filename">
include/m_ctype.h
</code>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-c"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa93161265"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-c"><span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> _MY_U 01 </span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* Upper case */</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> _MY_L 02 </span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* Lower case */</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> _MY_NMR 04 </span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* Numeral (digit) */</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> _MY_SPC 010 </span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* Spacing character */</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> _MY_PNT 020 </span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* Punctuation */</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> _MY_CTR 040 </span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* Control character */</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> _MY_B 0100 </span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* Blank */</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> _MY_X 0200 </span><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* heXadecimal digit */</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
<ctype>
</code>
value for a given character
should be the union of the applicable bitmask values that
describe the character. For example,
<code class="literal">
'A'
</code>
is
an uppercase character (
<code class="literal">
_MY_U
</code>
) as well as a
hexadecimal digit (
<code class="literal">
_MY_X
</code>
), so its
<code class="literal">
ctype
</code>
value should be defined like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-c"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa6255714"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-c">ctype<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'A'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> _MY_U <span class="token operator">|</span> _MY_X <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">01</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token number">0200</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0201</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The bitmask values in
<code class="filename">
m_ctype.h
</code>
are octal
values, but the elements of the
<code class="literal">
<ctype>
</code>
array in
<code class="filename">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
MYSET
</code>
</em>
.xml
</code>
should
be written as hexadecimal values.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
<lower>
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
<upper>
</code>
arrays hold the lowercase and
uppercase characters corresponding to each member of the
character set. For example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa96779705"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">lower['A'] should contain 'a'
upper['a'] should contain 'A'</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Each
<code class="literal">
<collation>
</code>
array indicates how
characters should be ordered for comparison and sorting
purposes. MySQL sorts characters based on the values of this
information. In some cases, this is the same as the
<code class="literal">
<upper>
</code>
array, which means that sorting
is case-insensitive. For more complicated sorting rules (for
complex character sets), see the discussion of string collating
in
<a class="xref" href="string-collating.html" title="12.13.2 String Collating Support for Complex Character Sets">
Section 12.13.2, “String Collating Support for Complex Character Sets”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/group-replication-secure-socket-layer-support-ssl.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="group-replication-secure-socket-layer-support-ssl">
</a>
20.6.2 Securing Group Communication Connections with Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045132540192">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045132538688">
</a>
<p>
Secure sockets can be used for group communication connections
between members of a group.
</p>
<p>
The Group Replication system variable
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_ssl_mode">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_ssl_mode
</code>
</a>
is
used to activate the use of SSL for group communication
connections and specify the security mode for the connections. The
default setting means that SSL is not used. The option has the
following possible values:
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="idm46045132534800">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Table 20.1 group_replication_ssl_mode configuration values
</b>
</p>
<div class="table-contents">
<table summary="Lists the possible values for group_replication_ssl_mode and describes their effect on how replication group members connect to each other.">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 35%"/>
<col style="width: 65%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
Value
</th>
<th>
<p>
Description
</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<code class="literal">
DISABLED
</code>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Establish an unencrypted connection (the default).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code class="literal">
REQUIRED
</code>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Establish a secure connection if the server supports
secure connections.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code class="literal">
VERIFY_CA
</code>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Like
<code class="literal">
REQUIRED
</code>
, but additionally verify
the server TLS certificate against the configured
Certificate Authority (CA) certificates.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code class="literal">
VERIFY_IDENTITY
</code>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Like
<code class="literal">
VERIFY_CA
</code>
, but additionally verify
that the server certificate matches the host to which the
connection is attempted.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"/>
<p>
If SSL is used, the means for configuring the secure connection
depends on whether the XCom or the MySQL communication stack is
used for group communication.
</p>
<p>
<b>
When using the XCom communication stack
(
<code class="literal">
group_replication_communication_stack=XCOM
</code>
):
</b>
The remainder of the configuration for Group Replication's group
communication connections is taken from the server's SSL
configuration. For more information on the options for
configuring the server SSL, see
<a class="xref" href="connection-options.html#encrypted-connection-options" title="Command Options for Encrypted Connections">
Command Options for Encrypted Connections
</a>
. The server SSL
options that are applied to Group Replication's group
communication connections are as follows:
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="idm46045132512560">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Table 20.2 SSL Options
</b>
</p>
<div class="table-contents">
<table summary="Lists the server configuration options for SSL and describes their effect on the configuration of the Group Replication plugin for SSL.">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 35%"/>
<col style="width: 65%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
Server Configuration
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_ssl_key">
<code class="literal">
ssl_key
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
The path name of the SSL private key file in PEM format. On the client
side, this is the client private key. On the server side,
this is the server private key.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_ssl_cert">
<code class="literal">
ssl_cert
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
The path name of the SSL public key certificate file in PEM format. On
the client side, this is the client public key certificate.
On the server side, this is the server public key
certificate.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_ssl_ca">
<code class="literal">
ssl_ca
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
The path name of the Certificate Authority (CA) certificate file in PEM
format.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_ssl_capath">
<code class="literal">
ssl_capath
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
The path name of the directory that contains trusted SSL certificate
authority (CA) certificate files in PEM format.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_ssl_crl">
<code class="literal">
ssl_crl
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
The path name of the file containing certificate revocation lists in PEM
format.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_ssl_crlpath">
<code class="literal">
ssl_crlpath
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
The path name of the directory that contains certificate revocation list
files in PEM format.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_ssl_cipher">
<code class="literal">
ssl_cipher
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
A list of permissible ciphers for encrypted connections.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_tls_version">
<code class="literal">
tls_version
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
A list of the TLS protocols the server permits for encrypted
connections.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_tls_ciphersuites">
<code class="literal">
tls_ciphersuites
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
Which TLSv1.3 ciphersuites the server permits for encrypted connections.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"/>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Support for the TLSv1 and TLSv1.1 connection protocols was
removed in MySQL 8.0. MySQL clients, including Group
Replication server instances acting as clients, do not
return warnings to the user if a deprecated TLS protocol
version is used. See
<a class="xref" href="encrypted-connection-protocols-ciphers.html#encrypted-connection-deprecated-protocols" title="Removal of Support for the TLSv1 and TLSv1.1 Protocols">
Removal of Support for the TLSv1 and TLSv1.1 Protocols
</a>
for more information.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
MySQL 8.4 supports the TLSv1.3 protocol,
provided that the MySQL Server was compiled using OpenSSL
1.1.1. The server checks the version of OpenSSL at startup;
if it is lower than 1.1.1, TLSv1.3 is removed from the
default values for all server system variables relating to
TLS versions, including
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_recovery_tls_version">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_recovery_tls_version
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
MySQL 8.4 Group Replication supports TLSv1.3.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_recovery_tls_version">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_recovery_tls_version
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_recovery_tls_ciphersuites">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_recovery_tls_ciphersuites
</code>
</a>
to configure client support for any selection of
ciphersuites, including only non-default ciphersuites if
desired.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
In the list of TLS protocols specified in the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_tls_version">
<code class="literal">
tls_version
</code>
</a>
system
variable, ensure the specified versions are contiguous (for
example,
<code class="literal">
TLSv1.2,TLSv1.3
</code>
). If there are
any gaps in the list of protocols (for example, if you
specified
<code class="literal">
TLSv1,TLSv1.2
</code>
, omitting TLS
1.1) Group Replication might be unable to make group
communication connections.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<p>
In a replication group, OpenSSL negotiates the use of the highest
TLS protocol that is supported by all members. A joining member
that is configured to use only TLSv1.3
(
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_tls_version">
<code class="literal">
tls_version=TLSv1.3
</code>
</a>
) cannot join
a replication group where any existing member does not support
TLSv1.3, because the group members in that case are using a lower
TLS protocol version. To join the member to the group, you must
configure the joining member to also permit the use of lower TLS
protocol versions supported by the existing group members.
Conversely, if a joining member does not support TLSv1.3, but the
existing group members all do and are using that version for
connections to each other, the member can join if the existing
group members already permit the use of a suitable lower TLS
protocol version, or if you configure them to do so. In that
situation, OpenSSL uses a lower TLS protocol version for the
connections from each member to the joining member. Each member's
connections to other existing members continue to use the highest
available protocol that both members support.
</p>
<p>
You can change the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_tls_version">
<code class="literal">
tls_version
</code>
</a>
system variable at runtime to alter the list of permitted TLS
protocol versions for the server. For Group Replication, the
<a class="link" href="alter-instance.html#alter-instance-reload-tls">
<code class="literal">
ALTER INSTANCE RELOAD TLS
</code>
</a>
statement, which reconfigures the server's TLS context from the
current values of the system variables that define the context,
does not change the TLS context for Group Replication's group
communication connection while Group Replication is running. To
apply the reconfiguration to these connections, you must execute
<a class="link" href="stop-group-replication.html" title="15.4.3.2 STOP GROUP_REPLICATION Statement">
<code class="literal">
STOP GROUP_REPLICATION
</code>
</a>
followed by
<a class="link" href="start-group-replication.html" title="15.4.3.1 START GROUP_REPLICATION Statement">
<code class="literal">
START GROUP_REPLICATION
</code>
</a>
to restart
Group Replication on the member or members where you changed the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_tls_version">
<code class="literal">
tls_version
</code>
</a>
system variable.
Similarly, if you want to make all members of a group change to
using a higher or lower TLS protocol version, you must carry out a
rolling restart of Group Replication on the members after changing
the list of permitted TLS protocol versions, so that OpenSSL
negotiates the use of the higher TLS protocol version when the
rolling restart is completed. For instructions to change the list
of permitted TLS protocol versions at runtime, see
<a class="xref" href="encrypted-connection-protocols-ciphers.html" title="8.3.2 Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers">
Section 8.3.2, “Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers”
</a>
and
<a class="xref" href="using-encrypted-connections.html#using-encrypted-connections-server-side-runtime-configuration" title="Server-Side Runtime Configuration and Monitoring for Encrypted Connections">
Server-Side Runtime Configuration and Monitoring for Encrypted
Connections
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The following example shows a section from a
<code class="literal">
my.cnf
</code>
file that configures SSL on a server,
and activates SSL for Group Replication group communication
connections:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-ini"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa23222456"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-ini"><span class="token selector">[mysqld]</span>
<span class="token constant">ssl_ca</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> "cacert.pem"</span>
<span class="token constant">ssl_capath</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> "/.../ca_directory"</span>
<span class="token constant">ssl_cert</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> "server-cert.pem"</span>
<span class="token constant">ssl_cipher</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> "DHE-RSA-AEs256-SHA"</span>
<span class="token constant">ssl_crl</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> "crl-server-revoked.crl"</span>
<span class="token constant">ssl_crlpath</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> "/.../crl_directory"</span>
<span class="token constant">ssl_key</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> "server-key.pem"</span>
<span class="token constant">group_replication_ssl_mode</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> REQUIRED</span></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="alter-instance.html#alter-instance-reload-tls">
<code class="literal">
ALTER INSTANCE RELOAD TLS
</code>
</a>
statement, which reconfigures the server's TLS context from the
current values of the system variables that define the context,
does not change the TLS context for Group Replication's group
communication connections while Group Replication is running. To
apply the reconfiguration to these connections, you must execute
<a class="link" href="stop-group-replication.html" title="15.4.3.2 STOP GROUP_REPLICATION Statement">
<code class="literal">
STOP GROUP_REPLICATION
</code>
</a>
followed
by
<a class="link" href="start-group-replication.html" title="15.4.3.1 START GROUP_REPLICATION Statement">
<code class="literal">
START GROUP_REPLICATION
</code>
</a>
to
restart Group Replication.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Connections made between a joining member and an existing member
for distributed recovery are not covered by the options described
above. These connections use Group Replication's dedicated
distributed recovery SSL options, which are described in
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-configuring-ssl-for-recovery.html" title="20.6.3.2 Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Connections for Distributed Recovery">
Section 20.6.3.2, “Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Connections for Distributed Recovery”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
<b>
When using the MySQL communication stack
(group_replication_communication_stack=MYSQL):
</b>
The security settings for distributed recovery of the group are
applied to the normal communications between group members. See
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-distributed-recovery-securing.html" title="20.6.3 Securing Distributed Recovery Connections">
Section 20.6.3, “Securing Distributed Recovery Connections”
</a>
on how to configure the security settings.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-dictionary-tables.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-dictionary-tables">
</a>
25.6.17.24 The ndbinfo dictionary_tables Table
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045089773792">
</a>
<p>
This table provides
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
dictionary
information for
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
tables.
<code class="literal">
dictionary_tables
</code>
contains the columns listed
here:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
table_id
</code>
</p>
<p>
The table' unique ID
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
database_name
</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the database containing the table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
table_name
</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
status
</code>
</p>
<p>
The table status; one of
<code class="literal">
New
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
Changed
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
Retrieved
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
Invalid
</code>
, or
<code class="literal">
Altered
</code>
.
(See
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/ndbapi/en/ndb-object.html#ndb-object-status" target="_top">
Object::Status
</a>
, for more
information about object status values.)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
attributes
</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of table attributes
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
primary_key_cols
</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of columns in the table's primary key
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
primary_key
</code>
</p>
<p>
A comma-separated list of the columns in the table's
primary key
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
storage
</code>
</p>
<p>
Type of storage used by the table; one of
<code class="literal">
memory
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
disk
</code>
, or
<code class="literal">
default
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
logging
</code>
</p>
<p>
Whether logging is enabled for this table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
dynamic
</code>
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
1
</code>
if the table is dynamic, otherwise
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
; the table is considered dynamic if
<code class="literal">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
table
</code>
</em>
->
</code>
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/ndbapi/en/ndb-table.html#ndb-table-getforcevarpart" target="_top">
<code class="literal">
getForceVarPart()
</code>
</a>
is true, or if at least one table column is dynamic
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
read_backup
</code>
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
1
</code>
if read from any replica
(
<code class="literal">
READ_BACKUP
</code>
option is enabled for this
table, otherwise
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
; see
<a class="xref" href="create-table-ndb-comment-options.html" title="15.1.20.12 Setting NDB Comment Options">
Section 15.1.20.12, “Setting NDB Comment Options”
</a>
)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
fully_replicated
</code>
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
1
</code>
if
<code class="literal">
FULLY_REPLICATED
</code>
is enabled for this table (each data node in the cluster has
a complete copy of the table),
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
if not;
see
<a class="xref" href="create-table-ndb-comment-options.html" title="15.1.20.12 Setting NDB Comment Options">
Section 15.1.20.12, “Setting NDB Comment Options”
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
checksum
</code>
</p>
<p>
If this table uses a checksum, the value in this column is
<code class="literal">
1
</code>
; if not, it is
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
row_size
</code>
</p>
<p>
The amount of data, in bytes that can be stored in one row,
not including any blob data stored separately in blob
tables; see
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/ndbapi/en/ndb-table.html#ndb-table-getrowsizeinbytes" target="_top">
Table::getRowSizeInBytes()
</a>
,
in the API documentation, for more information
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
min_rows
</code>
</p>
<p>
Minimum number of rows, as used for calculating partitions;
see
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/ndbapi/en/ndb-table.html#ndb-table-getminrows" target="_top">
Table::getMinRows()
</a>
, in the API
documentation, for more information
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
max_rows
</code>
</p>
<p>
Maximum number of rows, as used for calculating partitions;
see
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/ndbapi/en/ndb-table.html#ndb-table-getmaxrows" target="_top">
Table::getMaxRows()
</a>
, in the API
documentation, for more information
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
tablespace
</code>
</p>
<p>
ID of the tablespace to which the table belongs, if any;
this is
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
, if the table does not use data
on disk
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
fragment_type
</code>
</p>
<p>
The table's fragment type; one of
<code class="literal">
Single
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
AllSmall
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
AllMedium
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
AllLarge
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
DistrKeyHash
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
DistrKeyLin
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
UserDefined
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
unused
</code>
,
or
<code class="literal">
HashMapPartition
</code>
; for more
information, see
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/ndbapi/en/ndb-object.html#ndb-object-fragmenttype" target="_top">
Object::FragmentType
</a>
,
in the NDB API documentation
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
hash_map
</code>
</p>
<p>
The hash map used by the table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
fragments
</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of table fragments
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
partitions
</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of partitions used by the table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
partition_balance
</code>
</p>
<p>
Type of partition balance used, if any; one of
<code class="literal">
FOR_RP_BY_NODE
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
FOR_RA_BY_NODE
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
FOR_RP_BY_LDM
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
FOR_RA_BY_LDM
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
FOR_RA_BY_LDM_X_2
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
FOR_RA_BY_LDM_X_3
</code>
, or
<code class="literal">
FOR_RA_BY_LDM_X_4
</code>
; see
<a class="xref" href="create-table-ndb-comment-options.html" title="15.1.20.12 Setting NDB Comment Options">
Section 15.1.20.12, “Setting NDB Comment Options”
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
contains_GCI
</code>
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
1
</code>
if the table includes a global
checkpoint index, otherwise
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
single_user_mode
</code>
</p>
<p>
Type of access allowed to the table when single user mode is
in effect; one of
<code class="literal">
locked
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
read_only
</code>
, or
<code class="literal">
read_write
</code>
; these are equivalent to the
values
<code class="literal">
SingleUserModeLocked
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
SingleUserModeReadOnly
</code>
, and
<code class="literal">
SingleUserModeReadWrite
</code>
, respectively, of
the
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/ndbapi/en/ndb-table.html#ndb-table-singleusermode" target="_top">
<code class="literal">
Table::SingleUserMode
</code>
</a>
type in the NDB API
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
force_var_part
</code>
</p>
<p>
This is
<code class="literal">
1
</code>
if
<code class="literal">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
table
</code>
</em>
->
</code>
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/ndbapi/en/ndb-table.html#ndb-table-getforcevarpart" target="_top">
<code class="literal">
getForceVarPart()
</code>
</a>
is true for this table, and
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
if it is
not
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
GCI_bits
</code>
</p>
<p>
Used in testing
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
author_bits
</code>
</p>
<p>
Used in testing
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-tls-using.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-tls-using">
</a>
25.6.15.3 Using TLS Connections
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Once you have created a CA and certificate, you can test the
availability of the TLS connection to the management server by
running the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgm.html" title="25.5.5 ndb_mgm — The NDB Cluster Management Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_mgm
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client with
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgm.html#option_ndb_mgm_test-tls">
<code class="option">
--test-tls
</code>
</a>
, like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa38674455"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">ndb_mgm</span> <span class="token property">--test-tls</span>
No valid certificate<span class="token punctuation">.</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
An appropriate message is generated if the client can connect
using TLS. You may need to include other
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgm.html" title="25.5.5 ndb_mgm — The NDB Cluster Management Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_mgm
</strong>
</span>
</a>
options such as
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgm.html#option_ndb_mgm_ndb-tls-search-path">
<code class="option">
--ndb-tls-search-path
</code>
</a>
to
facilitate the TLS connection, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa10894999"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">ndb_mgm</span> <span class="token property">--test-tls</span> <span class="token constant">--ndb-tls-search-path</span>=<span class="token atrule">"CA:keys"</span>
Connected to management server at localhost port 1186 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>using TLS<span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If the client connects without using TLS, this is also
indicated, similarly to what is shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa25752619"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">ndb_mgm</span>
Connected to management server at localhost port 1186 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>using cleartext<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
$></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can cause the cluster to use the CA and certificates created
with
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html" title="25.5.28 ndb_sign_keys — Create, Sign, and Manage TLS Keys and Certificates for NDB Cluster">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_sign_keys
</strong>
</span>
</a>
by performing a rolling
restart of the cluster, beginning with the management nodes,
which should be restarted using the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgmd.html#option_ndb_mgmd_ndb-tls-search-path">
<code class="option">
--ndb-tls-search-path
</code>
</a>
option.
After this, restart the data nodes, again using
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndbd.html#option_ndbd_ndb-tls-search-path">
<code class="option">
--ndb-tls-search-path
</code>
</a>
.
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#option_mysqld_ndb-tls-search-path">
<code class="option">
--ndb-tls-search-path
</code>
</a>
is also
supported for
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
run as a cluster API
node.
</p>
<p>
For TLS to function, every node connecting to the cluster must
have a valid certificate and key. This includes data nodes, API
nodes, and utility programs. The same certificate and key files
can be used by more than one node.
</p>
<p>
Data nodes log the TLS connection and include the full path to
the certificate file used, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa82690806"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">ndbmtd</span> <span class="token property">-c</span> localhost<span class="token punctuation">:</span>1186 <span class="token constant">--ndb-tls-search-path</span>=<span class="token atrule">'CA:keys'</span>
2023-12-19 12<span class="token punctuation">:</span>02<span class="token punctuation">:</span>15 <span class="token punctuation">[</span>ndbd<span class="token punctuation">]</span> INFO <span class="token property">--</span> NDB TLS 1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>3 available using certificate file <span class="token atrule">'keys/ndb-data-node-cert'</span>
2023-12-19 12<span class="token punctuation">:</span>02<span class="token punctuation">:</span>15 <span class="token punctuation">[</span>ndbd<span class="token punctuation">]</span> INFO <span class="token property">--</span> Angel connected to <span class="token atrule">'localhost:1186'</span>
2023-12-19 12<span class="token punctuation">:</span>02<span class="token punctuation">:</span>15 <span class="token punctuation">[</span>ndbd<span class="token punctuation">]</span> INFO <span class="token property">--</span> Angel allocated nodeid<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can verify that cluster nodes are using TLS to connect by
checking the output of the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-mgm-client-commands.html#ndbclient-tls-info">
<code class="literal">
TLS
INFO
</code>
</a>
command in the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgm.html" title="25.5.5 ndb_mgm — The NDB Cluster Management Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_mgm
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client,
like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa36754308"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">ndb_mgm</span> <span class="token constant">--ndb-tls-search-path</span>=<span class="token atrule">"CA:keys"</span>
<span class="token property">--</span> NDB Cluster <span class="token property">--</span> Management Client <span class="token property">--</span>
ndb_mgm> TLS INFO
Connected to management server at localhost port 1186 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>using TLS<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
Main interactive connection is using TLS
Event listener connection is using TLS
Server reports 6 TLS connections<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
Session ID<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 32
Peer address<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
Certificate name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NDB Node Dec 2023
Certificate serial<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 39<span class="token punctuation">:</span>1E<span class="token punctuation">:</span>4A<span class="token punctuation">:</span>78<span class="token punctuation">:</span>E5<span class="token punctuation">:</span>93<span class="token punctuation">:</span>45<span class="token punctuation">:</span>09<span class="token punctuation">:</span>FC<span class="token punctuation">:</span>56
Certificate expires<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 21-Apr-2024
Session ID<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 31
Peer address<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 127<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>1
Certificate name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NDB Node Dec 2023
Certificate serial<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 39<span class="token punctuation">:</span>1E<span class="token punctuation">:</span>4A<span class="token punctuation">:</span>78<span class="token punctuation">:</span>E5<span class="token punctuation">:</span>93<span class="token punctuation">:</span>45<span class="token punctuation">:</span>09<span class="token punctuation">:</span>FC<span class="token punctuation">:</span>56
Certificate expires<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 21-Apr-2024
Session ID<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 30
Peer address<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 127<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>1
Certificate name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NDB Node Dec 2023
Certificate serial<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 39<span class="token punctuation">:</span>1E<span class="token punctuation">:</span>4A<span class="token punctuation">:</span>78<span class="token punctuation">:</span>E5<span class="token punctuation">:</span>93<span class="token punctuation">:</span>45<span class="token punctuation">:</span>09<span class="token punctuation">:</span>FC<span class="token punctuation">:</span>56
Certificate expires<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 21-Apr-2024
Session ID<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 18
Peer address<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 127<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>1
Certificate name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NDB Data Node Dec 2023
Certificate serial<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 57<span class="token punctuation">:</span>5E<span class="token punctuation">:</span>58<span class="token punctuation">:</span>70<span class="token punctuation">:</span>7C<span class="token punctuation">:</span>49<span class="token punctuation">:</span>B3<span class="token punctuation">:</span>74<span class="token punctuation">:</span>1A<span class="token punctuation">:</span>99
Certificate expires<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 07-May-2024
Session ID<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 12
Peer address<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 127<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>1
Certificate name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NDB Data Node Dec 2023
Certificate serial<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 57<span class="token punctuation">:</span>5E<span class="token punctuation">:</span>58<span class="token punctuation">:</span>70<span class="token punctuation">:</span>7C<span class="token punctuation">:</span>49<span class="token punctuation">:</span>B3<span class="token punctuation">:</span>74<span class="token punctuation">:</span>1A<span class="token punctuation">:</span>99
Certificate expires<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 07-May-2024
Session ID<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
Peer address<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 127<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>0<span class="token punctuation">.</span>1
Certificate name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NDB Management Node Dec 2023
Certificate serial<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 32<span class="token punctuation">:</span>10<span class="token punctuation">:</span>44<span class="token punctuation">:</span>3C<span class="token punctuation">:</span>F4<span class="token punctuation">:</span>7D<span class="token punctuation">:</span>73<span class="token punctuation">:</span>40<span class="token punctuation">:</span>97<span class="token punctuation">:</span>41
Certificate expires<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 17-May-2024
Server statistics since restart
Total accepted connections<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 32
Total connections upgraded to TLS<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 8
Current connections<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 6
Current connections using TLS<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 6
Authorization failures<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
ndb_mgm></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If
<code class="literal">
Current connections
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
Current
connections using TLS
</code>
are the same, this means that
all cluster connections are using TLS.
</p>
<p>
Once you have established TLS connections for all nodes, you
should make TLS a strict requirement. For clients, you can do
this by setting
<code class="option">
ndb-mgm-tls=strict
</code>
in the
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
file on each cluster host. Enforce
the TLS requirement on the management server by setting
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-mgm-definition.html#ndbparam-mgmd-requiretls">
<code class="literal">
RequireTls=true
</code>
</a>
in the
<code class="literal">
[mgm default]
</code>
section of the cluster
<code class="filename">
config.ini
</code>
file, then performing a rolling
restart of the cluster so that this change takes effect. Do this
for the data nodes as well, by setting
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-ndbd-definition.html#ndbparam-ndbd-requiretls">
<code class="literal">
RequireTls=true
</code>
</a>
in the
<code class="literal">
[ndbd default]
</code>
section of the configuration
file; after this, perform a second rolling restart of the
cluster to make the changes take effect on the data nodes. Start
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgmd.html" title="25.5.4 ndb_mgmd — The NDB Cluster Management Server Daemon">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_mgmd
</strong>
</span>
</a>
with the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgmd.html#option_ndb_mgmd_reload">
<code class="option">
--reload
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-mgmd.html#option_ndb_mgmd_config-file">
<code class="option">
--config-file
</code>
</a>
options both
times to ensure that each of the two configuration file changes
is read by the management server.
</p>
<p>
To replace a private key, use
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html" title="25.5.28 ndb_sign_keys — Create, Sign, and Manage TLS Keys and Certificates for NDB Cluster">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_sign_keys
</strong>
</span>
</a>
<code class="option">
--create-key
</code>
to create the new key and
certificate, with the
<code class="option">
--node-id
</code>
and
<code class="option">
--node-type options
</code>
if and as necessary to
limit the replacement to a single node ID, node type, or both.
If the tool finds existing key and certificate files, it renames
them to reflect their retired status, and saves the newly
created key and certificate as active files; the new files are
used the next time that the node is restarted.
</p>
<p>
To replace a certificate without replacing the private key, use
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html" title="25.5.28 ndb_sign_keys — Create, Sign, and Manage TLS Keys and Certificates for NDB Cluster">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_sign_keys
</strong>
</span>
</a>
without supplying the
<code class="option">
--create-key
</code>
option. This creates a new
certificate for the existing key (without replacing the key),
and retires the old certificate.
</p>
<p>
Remote key siging is is also supported by ndb_sign_keys. Using
SSH, the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html#option_ndb_sign_keys_remote-CA-host">
<code class="option">
--remote-CA-host
</code>
</a>
option supplies the SSH address of the CA host in
<code class="literal">
user@host
</code>
format. By default, the local
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html" title="25.5.28 ndb_sign_keys — Create, Sign, and Manage TLS Keys and Certificates for NDB Cluster">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_sign_keys
</strong>
</span>
</a>
process uses the system
<span class="command">
<strong>
ssh
</strong>
</span>
utility and address to run
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html" title="25.5.28 ndb_sign_keys — Create, Sign, and Manage TLS Keys and Certificates for NDB Cluster">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_sign_keys
</strong>
</span>
</a>
on the remote host with the
correct options to perform the desired signing. Alternately, if
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html#option_ndb_sign_keys_remote-openssl">
<code class="option">
--remote-openssl=true
</code>
</a>
,
<span class="command">
<strong>
openssl
</strong>
</span>
rather than
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-sign-keys.html" title="25.5.28 ndb_sign_keys — Create, Sign, and Manage TLS Keys and Certificates for NDB Cluster">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_sign_keys
</strong>
</span>
</a>
is used on the remote host.
</p>
<p>
When using remote signing, the data sent over the network is a
PKCS#10 signing request, and not the private key, which never
leaves the local host.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/linux-installation-debian.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="linux-installation-debian">
</a>
2.5.5 Installing MySQL on Linux Using Debian Packages from Oracle
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Oracle provides Debian packages for installing MySQL on Debian or
Debian-like Linux systems. The packages are available through two
different channels:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<a class="ulink" href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/apt/" target="_top">
MySQL APT
Repository
</a>
. This is the preferred method for
installing MySQL on Debian-like systems, as it provides a
simple and convenient way to install and update MySQL
products. For details, see
<a class="xref" href="linux-installation-apt-repo.html" title="2.5.2 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL APT Repository">
Section 2.5.2, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL APT Repository”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<a class="ulink" href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/" target="_top">
MySQL Developer Zone's
Download Area
</a>
. For details, see
<a class="xref" href="getting-mysql.html" title="2.1.3 How to Get MySQL">
Section 2.1.3, “How to Get MySQL”
</a>
. The following are some
information on the Debian packages available there and the
instructions for installing them:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Various Debian packages are provided in the MySQL
Developer Zone for installing different components of
MySQL on the current Debian and Ubuntu platforms. The
preferred method is to use the tarball bundle, which
contains the packages needed for a basic setup of MySQL.
The tarball bundles have names in the format of
<code class="filename">
mysql-server_
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
MVER
</code>
</em>
-
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
DVER
</code>
</em>
_
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
CPU
</code>
</em>
.deb-bundle.tar
</code>
.
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
MVER
</code>
</em>
is the MySQL version and
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
DVER
</code>
</em>
is the Linux distribution
version. The
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
CPU
</code>
</em>
value
indicates the processor type or family for which the
package is built, as shown in the following table:
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="idm46045330542448">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Table 2.12 MySQL Debian and Ubuntu Installation Packages CPU Identifiers
</b>
</p>
<div class="table-contents">
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 25%"/>
<col style="width: 75%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
CPU
</code>
</em>
Value
</th>
<th>
Intended Processor Type or Family
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<code class="literal">
i386
</code>
</td>
<td>
Pentium processor or better, 32 bit
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code class="literal">
amd64
</code>
</td>
<td>
64-bit x86 processor
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"/>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
After downloading the tarball, unpack it with the
following command:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa71203982"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">tar</span> <span class="token property">-xvf</span> mysql-server_<em class="replaceable">MVER</em>-<em class="replaceable">DVER</em>_<em class="replaceable">CPU</em><span class="token punctuation">.</span>deb-bundle<span class="token punctuation">.</span>tar</code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045330527248">
</a>
You may need to install the
<code class="literal">
libaio
</code>
library if it is not already present on your system:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa23213529"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">sudo</span> apt-get install libaio1</code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Preconfigure the MySQL server package with the following
command:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa163383"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">sudo</span> dpkg-preconfigure mysql-community-server_*<span class="token punctuation">.</span>deb</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You are asked to provide a password for the root user for
your MySQL installation. You might also be asked other
questions regarding the installation.
</p>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
<a name="linux-installing-debian-password">
</a>
Make sure you remember the root password you set. Users
who want to set a password later can leave the
<span class="guilabel">
password
</span>
field blank in the
dialogue box and just press
<span class="guibutton">
OK
</span>
;
in that case, root access to the server is authenticated
using the
<a class="link" href="socket-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.10 Socket Peer-Credential Pluggable Authentication">
MySQL
Socket Peer-Credential Authentication Plugin
</a>
for
connections using a Unix socket file. You can set the
root password later using
<a class="link" href="mysql-secure-installation.html" title="6.4.2 mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql_secure_installation
</strong>
</span>
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For a basic installation of the MySQL server, install the
database common files package, the client package, the
client metapackage, the server package, and the server
metapackage (in that order); you can do that with a single
command:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa21008731"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">sudo</span> dpkg <span class="token property">-i</span> mysql-<span class="token punctuation">{</span>common<span class="token punctuation">,</span>community-client-plugins<span class="token punctuation">,</span>community-client-core<span class="token punctuation">,</span>community-client<span class="token punctuation">,</span>client<span class="token punctuation">,</span>community-server-core<span class="token punctuation">,</span>community-server<span class="token punctuation">,</span>server<span class="token punctuation">}</span>_*<span class="token punctuation">.</span>deb</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
There are also packages with
<code class="literal">
server-core
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
client-core
</code>
in the package names. These
contain binaries only and are installed automatically by
the standard packages. Installing them by themselves does
not result in a functioning MySQL setup.
</p>
<p>
If you are being warned of unmet dependencies by
<span class="command">
<strong>
dpkg
</strong>
</span>
(such as libmecab2), you can fix
them using
<span class="command">
<strong>
apt-get
</strong>
</span>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa49730019"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">sudo apt-get <span class="token property">-f</span> install</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Here are where the files are installed on the system:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: square; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
All configuration files (like
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
) are under
<code class="filename">
/etc/mysql
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
All binaries, libraries, headers, etc., are under
<code class="filename">
/usr/bin
</code>
and
<code class="filename">
/usr/sbin
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The data directory is under
<code class="filename">
/var/lib/mysql
</code>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Debian distributions of MySQL are also provided by other
vendors. Be aware that they may differ from those built by
Oracle in features, capabilities, and conventions (including
communication setup), and that the instructions in this manual
do not necessarily apply to installing them. The vendor's
instructions should be consulted instead.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/innodb-recovery.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="innodb-recovery">
</a>
17.18.2 InnoDB Recovery
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149214064">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149212576">
</a>
<p>
This section describes
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
recovery. Topics
include:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-recovery.html#innodb-recovery-point-in-time" title="Point-in-Time Recovery">
Point-in-Time Recovery
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-recovery.html#innodb-corruption-disk-failure-recovery" title="Recovery from Data Corruption or Disk Failure">
Recovery from Data Corruption or Disk Failure
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-recovery.html#innodb-crash-recovery" title="InnoDB Crash Recovery">
InnoDB Crash Recovery
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-recovery.html#innodb-recovery-tablespace-discovery" title="Tablespace Discovery During Crash Recovery">
Tablespace Discovery During Crash Recovery
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="innodb-recovery-point-in-time">
</a>
Point-in-Time Recovery
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149204688">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149203200">
</a>
<p>
To recover an
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
database to the present
from the time at which the physical backup was made, you must
run MySQL server with binary logging enabled, even before taking
the backup. To achieve point-in-time recovery after restoring a
backup, you can apply changes from the binary log that occurred
after the backup was made. See
<a class="xref" href="point-in-time-recovery.html" title="9.5 Point-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery">
Section 9.5, “Point-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="innodb-corruption-disk-failure-recovery">
</a>
Recovery from Data Corruption or Disk Failure
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149198336">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149196848">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149195360">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149193872">
</a>
<p>
If your database becomes corrupted or disk failure occurs, you
must perform the recovery using a backup. In the case of
corruption, first find a backup that is not corrupted. After
restoring the base backup, do a point-in-time recovery from the
binary log files using
<a class="link" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlbinlog
</strong>
</span>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
to restore the changes that occurred
after the backup was made.
</p>
<p>
In some cases of database corruption, it is enough to dump,
drop, and re-create one or a few corrupt tables. You can use the
<a class="link" href="check-table.html" title="15.7.3.2 CHECK TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHECK TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement to check
whether a table is corrupt, although
<a class="link" href="check-table.html" title="15.7.3.2 CHECK TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHECK
TABLE
</code>
</a>
naturally cannot detect every possible kind of
corruption.
</p>
<p>
In some cases, apparent database page corruption is actually due
to the operating system corrupting its own file cache, and the
data on disk may be okay. It is best to try restarting the
computer first. Doing so may eliminate errors that appeared to
be database page corruption. If MySQL still has trouble starting
because of
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
consistency problems, see
<a class="xref" href="forcing-innodb-recovery.html" title="17.20.3 Forcing InnoDB Recovery">
Section 17.20.3, “Forcing InnoDB Recovery”
</a>
for steps to start the
instance in recovery mode, which permits you to dump the data.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="innodb-crash-recovery">
</a>
InnoDB Crash Recovery
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149182656">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149181168">
</a>
<p>
To recover from an unexpected MySQL server exit, the only
requirement is to restart the MySQL server.
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
automatically checks the logs and
performs a roll-forward of the database to the present.
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
automatically rolls back uncommitted
transactions that were present at the time of the crash.
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149177520">
</a>
<p>
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_crash_recovery" title="crash recovery">
crash recovery
</a>
consists of several steps:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Tablespace discovery
</p>
<p>
Tablespace discovery is the process that
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
uses to identify tablespaces that
require redo log application. See
<a class="xref" href="innodb-recovery.html#innodb-recovery-tablespace-discovery" title="Tablespace Discovery During Crash Recovery">
Tablespace Discovery During Crash Recovery
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_redo_log" title="redo log">
Redo log
</a>
application
</p>
<p>
Redo log application is performed during initialization,
before accepting any connections. If all changes are flushed
from the
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_buffer_pool" title="buffer pool">
buffer pool
</a>
to the
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_tablespace" title="tablespace">
tablespaces
</a>
(
<code class="filename">
ibdata*
</code>
and
<code class="filename">
*.ibd
</code>
files) at the time of the shutdown or crash, redo log
application is skipped.
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
also skips
redo log application if redo log files are missing at
startup.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The current maximum auto-increment counter value is
written to the redo log each time the value changes,
which makes it crash-safe. During recovery,
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
scans the redo log to collect
counter value changes and applies the changes to the
in-memory table object.
</p>
<p>
For more information about how
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
handles auto-increment values, see
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html" title="17.6.1.6 AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.6, “AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html#innodb-auto-increment-initialization" title="InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT Counter Initialization">
InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT Counter Initialization
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When encountering index tree corruption,
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
writes a corruption flag to
the redo log, which makes the corruption flag
crash-safe.
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
also writes
in-memory corruption flag data to an engine-private
system table on each checkpoint. During recovery,
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
reads corruption flags from
both locations and merges results before marking
in-memory table and index objects as corrupt.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Removing redo logs to speed up recovery is not
recommended, even if some data loss is acceptable.
Removing redo logs should only be considered after a
clean shutdown, with
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_fast_shutdown">
<code class="literal">
innodb_fast_shutdown
</code>
</a>
set to
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
1
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_rollback" title="rollback">
Roll back
</a>
of incomplete
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_transaction" title="transaction">
transactions
</a>
</p>
<p>
Incomplete transactions are any transactions that were
active at the time of unexpected exit or
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_fast_shutdown" title="fast shutdown">
fast shutdown
</a>
. The
time it takes to roll back an incomplete transaction can be
three or four times the amount of time a transaction is
active before it is interrupted, depending on server load.
</p>
<p>
You cannot cancel transactions that are being rolled back.
In extreme cases, when rolling back transactions is expected
to take an exceptionally long time, it may be faster to
start
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
with an
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_force_recovery">
<code class="literal">
innodb_force_recovery
</code>
</a>
setting of
<code class="literal">
3
</code>
or greater. See
<a class="xref" href="forcing-innodb-recovery.html" title="17.20.3 Forcing InnoDB Recovery">
Section 17.20.3, “Forcing InnoDB Recovery”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_change_buffer" title="change buffer">
Change buffer
</a>
merge
</p>
<p>
Applying changes from the change buffer (part of the
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_system_tablespace" title="system tablespace">
system
tablespace
</a>
) to leaf pages of secondary indexes, as
the index pages are read to the buffer pool.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_purge" title="purge">
Purge
</a>
</p>
<p>
Deleting delete-marked records that are no longer visible to
active transactions.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The steps that follow redo log application do not depend on the
redo log (other than for logging the writes) and are performed
in parallel with normal processing. Of these, only rollback of
incomplete transactions is special to crash recovery. The insert
buffer merge and the purge are performed during normal
processing.
</p>
<p>
After redo log application,
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
attempts
to accept connections as early as possible, to reduce downtime.
As part of crash recovery,
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
rolls back
transactions that were not committed or in
<code class="literal">
XA
PREPARE
</code>
state when the server exited. The rollback is
performed by a background thread, executed in parallel with
transactions from new connections. Until the rollback operation
is completed, new connections may encounter locking conflicts
with recovered transactions.
</p>
<p>
In most situations, even if the MySQL server was killed
unexpectedly in the middle of heavy activity, the recovery
process happens automatically and no action is required of the
DBA. If a hardware failure or severe system error corrupted
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
data, MySQL might refuse to start. In
this case, see
<a class="xref" href="forcing-innodb-recovery.html" title="17.20.3 Forcing InnoDB Recovery">
Section 17.20.3, “Forcing InnoDB Recovery”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
For information about the binary log and
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
crash recovery, see
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="innodb-recovery-tablespace-discovery">
</a>
Tablespace Discovery During Crash Recovery
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149130528">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149129040">
</a>
<p>
If, during recovery,
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
encounters redo
logs written since the last checkpoint, the redo logs must be
applied to affected tablespaces. The process that identifies
affected tablespaces during recovery is referred to as
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
tablespace discovery
</em>
</span>
.
</p>
<p>
Tablespace discovery relies on the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_directories">
<code class="literal">
innodb_directories
</code>
</a>
setting,
which defines the directories to scan at startup for tablespace
files. The
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_directories">
<code class="literal">
innodb_directories
</code>
</a>
default setting is NULL, but the directories defined by
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_data_home_dir">
<code class="literal">
innodb_data_home_dir
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_undo_directory">
<code class="literal">
innodb_undo_directory
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_datadir">
<code class="literal">
datadir
</code>
</a>
are always appended to
the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_directories">
<code class="literal">
innodb_directories
</code>
</a>
argument
value when InnoDB builds a list of directories to scan at
startup. These directories are appended regardless of whether an
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_directories">
<code class="literal">
innodb_directories
</code>
</a>
setting is
specified explicitly. Tablespace files defined with an absolute
path or that reside outside of the directories appended to the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_directories">
<code class="literal">
innodb_directories
</code>
</a>
setting
should be added to the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_directories">
<code class="literal">
innodb_directories
</code>
</a>
setting.
Recovery is terminated if any tablespace file referenced in a
redo log has not been discovered previously.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/assignment-operators.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="assignment-operators">
</a>
14.4.4 Assignment Operators
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045206875952">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045206874880">
</a>
<div class="table">
<a name="idm46045206873392">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Table 14.6 Assignment Operators
</b>
</p>
<div class="table-contents">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="A reference that lists assignment operators.">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%"/>
<col style="width: 71%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
Name
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="assignment-operators.html#operator_assign-value">
<code class="literal">
:=
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
Assign a value
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="assignment-operators.html#operator_assign-equal">
<code class="literal">
=
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
Assign a value (as part of a
<a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
</a>
statement, or as part of the
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
clause in an
<a class="link" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
</code>
</a>
statement)
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"/>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<a name="operator_assign-value">
</a>
<p>
<a class="link" href="assignment-operators.html#operator_assign-value">
<code class="literal">
:=
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045206853888">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045206852800">
</a>
<p>
Assignment operator. Causes the user variable on the left
hand side of the operator to take on the value to its right.
The value on the right hand side may be a literal value,
another variable storing a value, or any legal expression
that yields a scalar value, including the result of a query
(provided that this value is a scalar value). You can
perform multiple assignments in the same
<a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
</a>
statement. You can perform multiple assignments in the same
statement.
</p>
<p>
Unlike
<a class="link" href="assignment-operators.html#operator_assign-equal">
<code class="literal">
=
</code>
</a>
, the
<a class="link" href="assignment-operators.html#operator_assign-value">
<code class="literal">
:=
</code>
</a>
operator is never interpreted as a comparison operator. This
means you can use
<a class="link" href="assignment-operators.html#operator_assign-value">
<code class="literal">
:=
</code>
</a>
in
any valid SQL statement (not just in
<a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
</a>
statements) to assign a value to a variable.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa57347645"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@var2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span> <span class="token operator">:=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@var2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@var2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@var2</span> <span class="token operator">:=</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@var2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token operator">:=</span><span class="token function">COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">4</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">4</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can make value assignments using
<a class="link" href="assignment-operators.html#operator_assign-value">
<code class="literal">
:=
</code>
</a>
in
other statements besides
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
, such as
<a class="link" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
</code>
</a>
, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa91733653"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">4</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">SET</span> c1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> c1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token operator">:=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)</span>
<span class="token output">Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
While it is also possible both to set and to read the value
of the same variable in a single SQL statement using the
<a class="link" href="assignment-operators.html#operator_assign-value">
<code class="literal">
:=
</code>
</a>
operator, this is not recommended.
<a class="xref" href="user-variables.html" title="11.4 User-Defined Variables">
Section 11.4, “User-Defined Variables”
</a>
, explains why you should
avoid doing this.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<a name="operator_assign-equal">
</a>
<p>
<a class="link" href="assignment-operators.html#operator_assign-equal">
<code class="literal">
=
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045206819472">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045206818400">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045206816944">
</a>
<p>
This operator is used to perform value assignments in two
cases, described in the next two paragraphs.
</p>
<p>
Within a
<a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
</a>
statement,
<code class="literal">
=
</code>
is treated as an assignment
operator that causes the user variable on the left hand side
of the operator to take on the value to its right. (In other
words, when used in a
<a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
</a>
statement,
<code class="literal">
=
</code>
is treated identically to
<a class="link" href="assignment-operators.html#operator_assign-value">
<code class="literal">
:=
</code>
</a>
.)
The value on the right hand side may be a literal value,
another variable storing a value, or any legal expression
that yields a scalar value, including the result of a query
(provided that this value is a scalar value). You can
perform multiple assignments in the same
<a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
</a>
statement.
</p>
<p>
In the
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
clause of an
<a class="link" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
</code>
</a>
statement,
<code class="literal">
=
</code>
also acts as an assignment operator; in
this case, however, it causes the column named on the left
hand side of the operator to assume the value given to the
right, provided any
<code class="literal">
WHERE
</code>
conditions that
are part of the
<a class="link" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
</code>
</a>
are
met. You can make multiple assignments in the same
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
clause of an
<a class="link" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
</code>
</a>
statement.
</p>
<p>
In any other context,
<code class="literal">
=
</code>
is treated as a
<a class="link" href="comparison-operators.html#operator_equal">
comparison operator
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa77973685"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@var2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span> <span class="token operator">:=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@var2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@var2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@var2</span> <span class="token operator">:=</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token variable">@var1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@var2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For more information, see
<a class="xref" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
Section 15.7.6.1, “SET Syntax for Variable Assignment”
</a>
,
<a class="xref" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.17, “UPDATE Statement”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="subqueries.html" title="15.2.15 Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15, “Subqueries”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/group-replication-replication-group-member-stats.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="group-replication-replication-group-member-stats">
</a>
20.4.4 The replication_group_member_stats Table
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045133638496">
</a>
<p>
Each member in a replication group certifies and applies
transactions received by the group. Statistics regarding the
certifier and applier procedures are useful to understand how the
applier queue is growing, how many conflicts have been found, how
many transactions were checked, which transactions are committed
everywhere, and so on.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-replication-group-member-stats-table.html" title="29.12.11.15 The replication_group_member_stats Table">
<code class="literal">
performance_schema.replication_group_member_stats
</code>
</a>
table provides group-level information related to the
certification process, and also statistics for the transactions
received and originated by each individual member of the
replication group. The information is shared between all the
server instances that are members of the replication group, so
information on all the group members can be queried from any
member. Note that refreshing of statistics for remote members is
controlled by the message period specified in the
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_flow_control_period">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_flow_control_period
</code>
</a>
option, so these can differ slightly from the locally collected
statistics for the member where the query is made. To use this
table to monitor a Group Replication member, issue the following
statement:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa61691047"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>replication_group_member_stats\G</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can also use the following statement:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa26618271"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>replication_group_member_stats\G</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
These columns are important for monitoring the performance of the
members connected in the group. Suppose that one of the
group's members always reports a large number of transactions
in its queue compared to other members. This means that the member
is delayed and is not able to keep up to date with the other
members of the group. Based on this information, you could decide
to either remove the member from the group, or delay the
processing of transactions on the other members of the group in
order to reduce the number of queued transactions. This
information can also help you to decide how to adjust the flow
control of the Group Replication plugin, see
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-flow-control.html" title="20.7.2 Flow Control">
Section 20.7.2, “Flow Control”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/information-schema-innodb-temp-table-info-table.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="information-schema-innodb-temp-table-info-table">
</a>
28.4.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO Table
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045076283856">
</a>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="information-schema-innodb-temp-table-info-table.html" title="28.4.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO Table">
<code class="literal">
INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO
</code>
</a>
table
provides information about user-created
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
temporary tables that are active in an
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
instance. It does not provide information about internal
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
temporary tables used by the optimizer.
The
<a class="link" href="information-schema-innodb-temp-table-info-table.html" title="28.4.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO Table">
<code class="literal">
INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO
</code>
</a>
table is
created when first queried, exists only in memory, and is not
persisted to disk.
</p>
<p>
For usage information and examples, see
<a class="xref" href="innodb-information-schema-temp-table-info.html" title="17.15.7 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Temporary Table Info Table">
Section 17.15.7, “InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Temporary Table Info Table”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="information-schema-innodb-temp-table-info-table.html" title="28.4.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO Table">
<code class="literal">
INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO
</code>
</a>
table has
these columns:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
TABLE_ID
</code>
</p>
<p>
The table ID of the temporary table.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
NAME
</code>
</p>
<p>
The name of the temporary table.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
N_COLS
</code>
</p>
<p>
The number of columns in the temporary table. The number
includes three hidden columns created by
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
(
<code class="literal">
DB_ROW_ID
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
DB_TRX_ID
</code>
, and
<code class="literal">
DB_ROLL_PTR
</code>
).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
SPACE
</code>
</p>
<p>
The ID of the temporary tablespace where the temporary table
resides.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h4>
<a name="idm46045076262976">
</a>
Example
</h4>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa10898956"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TEMPORARY</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> t1 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1 <span class="token datatype">INT</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span><span class="token operator">=</span>INNODB<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO\G
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 1. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
TABLE_ID<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 97
NAME<span class="token punctuation">:</span> #sql8c88_43_0
N_COLS<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 4
SPACE<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 76</span></code></pre>
</div>
<h4>
<a name="idm46045076259712">
</a>
Notes
</h4>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
This table is useful primarily for expert-level monitoring.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
You must have the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_process">
<code class="literal">
PROCESS
</code>
</a>
privilege to query this table.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use the
<code class="literal">
INFORMATION_SCHEMA
</code>
<a class="link" href="information-schema-columns-table.html" title="28.3.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table">
<code class="literal">
COLUMNS
</code>
</a>
table or the
<a class="link" href="show-columns.html" title="15.7.7.6 SHOW COLUMNS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW COLUMNS
</code>
</a>
statement to view
additional information about the columns of this table,
including data types and default values.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/create-database.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="create-database">
</a>
15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045188339136">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045188337680">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045188336608">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045188335536">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045188334048">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045188332560">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045188331072">
</a>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa48288764"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> {<span class="token keyword">DATABASE</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">SCHEMA</span>} <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">IF</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token keyword">EXISTS</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <em class="replaceable">db_name</em>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span><em class="replaceable">create_option</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<em class="replaceable">create_option</em>: <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">DEFAULT</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> {
<span class="token keyword">CHARACTER</span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <em class="replaceable">charset_name</em>
<span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <em class="replaceable">collation_name</em>
<span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">ENCRYPTION</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> {<span class="token string">'Y'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'N'</span>}
}</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<a class="link" href="create-database.html" title="15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE DATABASE
</code>
</a>
creates a database
with the given name. To use this statement, you need the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_create">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
</code>
</a>
privilege for the database.
<a class="link" href="create-database.html" title="15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
SCHEMA
</code>
</a>
is a synonym for
<a class="link" href="create-database.html" title="15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
DATABASE
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
An error occurs if the database exists and you did not specify
<code class="literal">
IF NOT EXISTS
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="create-database.html" title="15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE DATABASE
</code>
</a>
is not permitted
within a session that has an active
<a class="link" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
<code class="literal">
LOCK
TABLES
</code>
</a>
statement.
</p>
<p>
Each
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
create_option
</code>
</em>
specifies a database
characteristic. Database characteristics are stored in the data
dictionary.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
CHARACTER SET
</code>
option specifies the
default database character set. The
<code class="literal">
COLLATE
</code>
option specifies the default database collation. For
information about character set and collation names, see
<a class="xref" href="charset.html" title="Chapter 12 Character Sets, Collations, Unicode">
Chapter 12,
<i>
Character Sets, Collations, Unicode
</i>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
To see the available character sets and collations, use the
the
<a class="link" href="show-character-set.html" title="15.7.7.4 SHOW CHARACTER SET Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW CHARACTER SET
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="show-collation.html" title="15.7.7.5 SHOW COLLATION Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW COLLATION
</code>
</a>
statements,
respectively. See
<a class="xref" href="show-character-set.html" title="15.7.7.4 SHOW CHARACTER SET Statement">
Section 15.7.7.4, “SHOW CHARACTER SET Statement”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="show-collation.html" title="15.7.7.5 SHOW COLLATION Statement">
Section 15.7.7.5, “SHOW COLLATION Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
ENCRYPTION
</code>
option defines the default
database encryption, which is inherited by tables created in
the database. The permitted values are
<code class="literal">
'Y'
</code>
(encryption enabled) and
<code class="literal">
'N'
</code>
(encryption
disabled). If the
<code class="literal">
ENCRYPTION
</code>
option is not
specified, the value of the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_table_encryption">
<code class="literal">
default_table_encryption
</code>
</a>
system variable defines the default database encryption. If
the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_table_encryption_privilege_check">
<code class="literal">
table_encryption_privilege_check
</code>
</a>
system variable is enabled, the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_table-encryption-admin">
<code class="literal">
TABLE_ENCRYPTION_ADMIN
</code>
</a>
privilege is required to specify a default encryption setting
that differs from the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_table_encryption">
<code class="literal">
default_table_encryption
</code>
</a>
setting. For more information, see
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html#innodb-schema-tablespace-encryption-default" title="Defining an Encryption Default for Schemas and General Tablespaces">
Defining an Encryption Default for Schemas and General Tablespaces
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
A database in MySQL is implemented as a directory containing files
that correspond to tables in the database. Because there are no
tables in a database when it is initially created, the
<a class="link" href="create-database.html" title="15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE DATABASE
</code>
</a>
statement creates
only a directory under the MySQL data directory. Rules for
permissible database names are given in
<a class="xref" href="identifiers.html" title="11.2 Schema Object Names">
Section 11.2, “Schema Object Names”
</a>
. If a database name contains special
characters, the name for the database directory contains encoded
versions of those characters as described in
<a class="xref" href="identifier-mapping.html" title="11.2.4 Mapping of Identifiers to File Names">
Section 11.2.4, “Mapping of Identifiers to File Names”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Creating a database directory by manually creating a directory
under the data directory (for example, with
<span class="command">
<strong>
mkdir
</strong>
</span>
) is unsupported in MySQL
8.4.
</p>
<p>
When you create a database, let the server manage the directory
and the files in it. Manipulating database directories and files
directly can cause inconsistencies and unexpected results.
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045188288032">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045188286528">
</a>
<p>
MySQL has no limit on the number of databases. The underlying file
system may have a limit on the number of directories.
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045188284480">
</a>
<p>
You can also use the
<a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqladmin
</strong>
</span>
</a>
program to
create databases. See
<a class="xref" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
Section 6.5.2, “mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-asian-sets.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="charset-asian-sets">
</a>
12.10.7 Asian Character Sets
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="charset-cp932.html">
12.10.7.1 The cp932 Character Set
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="charset-gb18030.html">
12.10.7.2 The gb18030 Character Set
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045215795392">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045215793904">
</a>
<p>
The Asian character sets that we support include Chinese,
Japanese, Korean, and Thai. These can be complicated. For
example, the Chinese sets must allow for thousands of different
characters. See
<a class="xref" href="charset-cp932.html" title="12.10.7.1 The cp932 Character Set">
Section 12.10.7.1, “The cp932 Character Set”
</a>
, for additional
information about the
<code class="literal">
cp932
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
sjis
</code>
character sets. See
<a class="xref" href="charset-gb18030.html" title="12.10.7.2 The gb18030 Character Set">
Section 12.10.7.2, “The gb18030 Character Set”
</a>
, for additional information
about character set support for the Chinese National Standard GB
18030.
</p>
<p>
For answers to some common questions and problems relating
support for Asian character sets in MySQL, see
<a class="xref" href="faqs-cjk.html" title="A.11 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character Sets">
Section A.11, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
Character Sets”
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
big5
</code>
(Big5 Traditional Chinese)
collations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
big5_bin
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
big5_chinese_ci
</code>
(default)
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="charset-cp932.html" title="12.10.7.1 The cp932 Character Set">
<code class="literal">
cp932
</code>
</a>
(SJIS for Windows Japanese) collations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
cp932_bin
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
cp932_japanese_ci
</code>
(default)
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
eucjpms
</code>
(UJIS for Windows Japanese)
collations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
eucjpms_bin
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
eucjpms_japanese_ci
</code>
(default)
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
euckr
</code>
(EUC-KR Korean) collations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
euckr_bin
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
euckr_korean_ci
</code>
(default)
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
gb2312
</code>
(GB2312 Simplified Chinese)
collations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
gb2312_bin
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
gb2312_chinese_ci
</code>
(default)
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
gbk
</code>
(GBK Simplified Chinese) collations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
gbk_bin
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
gbk_chinese_ci
</code>
(default)
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="charset-gb18030.html" title="12.10.7.2 The gb18030 Character Set">
<code class="literal">
gb18030
</code>
</a>
(China National Standard GB18030) collations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
gb18030_bin
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
gb18030_chinese_ci
</code>
(default)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
gb18030_unicode_520_ci
</code>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
sjis
</code>
(Shift-JIS Japanese) collations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
sjis_bin
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
sjis_japanese_ci
</code>
(default)
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
tis620
</code>
(TIS620 Thai) collations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
tis620_bin
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
tis620_thai_ci
</code>
(default)
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
ujis
</code>
(EUC-JP Japanese) collations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
ujis_bin
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
ujis_japanese_ci
</code>
(default)
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
big5_chinese_ci
</code>
collation sorts on number
of strokes.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/string-comparison-functions.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="string-comparison-functions">
</a>
14.8.1 String Comparison Functions and Operators
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045202653600">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045202652560">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045202651072">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045202649984">
</a>
<div class="table">
<a name="idm46045202648496">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Table 14.13 String Comparison Functions and Operators
</b>
</p>
<div class="table-contents">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="A reference that lists string comparison functions and operators.">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 28%"/>
<col style="width: 71%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
Name
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_like">
<code class="literal">
LIKE
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
Simple pattern matching
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_not-like">
<code class="literal">
NOT LIKE
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
Negation of simple pattern matching
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#function_strcmp">
<code class="literal">
STRCMP()
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
Compare two strings
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"/>
<p>
If a string function is given a binary string as an argument,
the resulting string is also a binary string. A number converted
to a string is treated as a binary string. This affects only
comparisons.
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045202632112">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045202630624">
</a>
<p>
Normally, if any expression in a string comparison is
case-sensitive, the comparison is performed in case-sensitive
fashion.
</p>
<p>
If a string function is invoked from within the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client, binary strings display using
hexadecimal notation, depending on the value of the
<a class="link" href="mysql-command-options.html#option_mysql_binary-as-hex">
<code class="option">
--binary-as-hex
</code>
</a>
. For more
information about that option, see
<a class="xref" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
Section 6.5.1, “mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client”
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<a name="operator_like">
</a>
<p>
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_like">
<code class="literal">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
expr
</code>
</em>
LIKE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
pat
</code>
</em>
[ESCAPE
'
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
escape_char
</code>
</em>
']
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045202619360">
</a>
<p>
Pattern matching using an SQL pattern. Returns
<code class="literal">
1
</code>
(
<code class="literal">
TRUE
</code>
) or
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
(
<code class="literal">
FALSE
</code>
). If either
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
expr
</code>
</em>
or
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
pat
</code>
</em>
is
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
,
the result is
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
The pattern need not be a literal string. For example, it
can be specified as a string expression or table column. In
the latter case, the column must be defined as one of the
MySQL string types (see
<a class="xref" href="string-types.html" title="13.3 String Data Types">
Section 13.3, “String Data Types”
</a>
).
</p>
<p>
Per the SQL standard,
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_like">
<code class="literal">
LIKE
</code>
</a>
performs matching on a per-character basis, thus it can
produce results different from the
<a class="link" href="comparison-operators.html#operator_equal">
<code class="literal">
=
</code>
</a>
comparison
operator:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa74917833"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token string">'ä'</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'ae'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> latin1_german2_ci<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> 'ä' LIKE 'ae' COLLATE latin1_german2_ci <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token string">'ä'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'ae'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> latin1_german2_ci<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> 'ä' = 'ae' COLLATE latin1_german2_ci <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045202603312">
</a>
<p>
In particular, trailing spaces are always significant. This
differs from comparisons performed with the
<a class="link" href="comparison-operators.html#operator_equal">
<code class="literal">
=
</code>
</a>
operator,
for which the significance of trailing spaces in nonbinary
strings (
<code class="literal">
CHAR
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
VARCHAR
</code>
, and
<code class="literal">
TEXT
</code>
values) depends on the pad attribute of the collation used
for the comparison. For more information, see
<a class="xref" href="charset-binary-collations.html#charset-binary-collations-trailing-space-comparisons" title="Trailing Space Handling in Comparisons">
Trailing Space Handling in Comparisons
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
With
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_like">
<code class="literal">
LIKE
</code>
</a>
you can use the
following two wildcard characters in the pattern:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
%
</code>
matches any number of characters,
even zero characters.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
_
</code>
matches exactly one character.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa57380782"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token string">'David!'</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'David_'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token string">'David!'</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'%D%v%'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To test for literal instances of a wildcard character,
precede it by the escape character. If you do not specify
the
<code class="literal">
ESCAPE
</code>
character,
<code class="literal">
\
</code>
is assumed, unless the
<a class="link" href="sql-mode.html#sqlmode_no_backslash_escapes">
<code class="literal">
NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES
</code>
</a>
SQL
mode is enabled. In that case, no escape character is used.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
\%
</code>
matches one
<code class="literal">
%
</code>
character.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
\_
</code>
matches one
<code class="literal">
_
</code>
character.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa96372949"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token string">'David!'</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'David\_'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">0</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token string">'David_'</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'David\_'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To specify a different escape character, use the
<code class="literal">
ESCAPE
</code>
clause:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa96648069"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token string">'David_'</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'David|_'</span> <span class="token keyword">ESCAPE</span> <span class="token string">'|'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The escape sequence should be one character long to specify
the escape character, or empty to specify that no escape
character is used. The expression must evaluate as a
constant at execution time. If the
<a class="link" href="sql-mode.html#sqlmode_no_backslash_escapes">
<code class="literal">
NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES
</code>
</a>
SQL
mode is enabled, the sequence cannot be empty.
</p>
<p>
The following statements illustrate that string comparisons
are not case-sensitive unless one of the operands is
case-sensitive (uses a case-sensitive collation or is a
binary string):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa58413334"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token string">'abc'</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'ABC'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token string">'abc'</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> _utf8mb4 <span class="token string">'ABC'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_0900_as_cs<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">0</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token string">'abc'</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> _utf8mb4 <span class="token string">'ABC'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_bin<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">0</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token string">'abc'</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token datatype">BINARY</span> <span class="token string">'ABC'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">0</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
As an extension to standard SQL, MySQL permits
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_like">
<code class="literal">
LIKE
</code>
</a>
on numeric expressions.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa54742789"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'1%'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
MySQL attempts in such cases to perform implicit conversion
of the expression to a string. See
<a class="xref" href="type-conversion.html" title="14.3 Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation">
Section 14.3, “Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation”
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
MySQL uses C escape syntax in strings (for example,
<code class="literal">
\n
</code>
to represent the newline character).
If you want a
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_like">
<code class="literal">
LIKE
</code>
</a>
string to
contain a literal
<code class="literal">
\
</code>
, you must double
it. (Unless the
<a class="link" href="sql-mode.html#sqlmode_no_backslash_escapes">
<code class="literal">
NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES
</code>
</a>
SQL
mode is enabled, in which case no escape character is
used.) For example, to search for
<code class="literal">
\n
</code>
,
specify it as
<code class="literal">
\\n
</code>
. To search for
<code class="literal">
\
</code>
, specify it as
<code class="literal">
\\\\
</code>
; this is because the backslashes
are stripped once by the parser and again when the pattern
match is made, leaving a single backslash to be matched
against.
</p>
<p>
Exception: At the end of the pattern string, backslash can
be specified as
<code class="literal">
\\
</code>
. At the end of the
string, backslash stands for itself because there is
nothing following to escape. Suppose that a table contains
the following values:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa28128819"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> filename <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> filename <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C: <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C:\ <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C:\Programs <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C:\Programs\ <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To test for values that end with backslash, you can match
the values using either of the following patterns:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa57915763"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> filename<span class="token punctuation">,</span> filename <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'%\\'</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> filename <span class="token punctuation">|</span> filename LIKE '%\\' <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C: <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C:\ <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C:\Programs <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C:\Programs\ <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> filename<span class="token punctuation">,</span> filename <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'%\\\\'</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> filename <span class="token punctuation">|</span> filename LIKE '%\\\\' <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C: <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C:\ <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C:\Programs <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> C:\Programs\ <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<a name="operator_not-like">
</a>
<p>
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_not-like">
<code class="literal">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
expr
</code>
</em>
NOT LIKE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
pat
</code>
</em>
[ESCAPE
'
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
escape_char
</code>
</em>
']
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045202543744">
</a>
<p>
This is the same as
<code class="literal">
NOT
(
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
expr
</code>
</em>
LIKE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
pat
</code>
</em>
[ESCAPE
'
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
escape_char
</code>
</em>
'])
</code>
.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Aggregate queries involving
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_not-like">
<code class="literal">
NOT
LIKE
</code>
</a>
comparisons with columns containing
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
may yield unexpected results. For
example, consider the following table and data:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa43598887"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> foo <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bar <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> foo <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The query
<code class="literal">
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM foo WHERE bar LIKE
'%baz%';
</code>
returns
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
. You might
assume that
<code class="literal">
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM foo WHERE bar
NOT LIKE '%baz%';
</code>
would return
<code class="literal">
2
</code>
. However, this is not the case: The
second query returns
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
. This is because
<code class="literal">
NULL NOT LIKE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
expr
</code>
</em>
</code>
always returns
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
, regardless of the value of
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
expr
</code>
</em>
. The same is true for
aggregate queries involving
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
and
comparisons using
<a class="link" href="regexp.html#operator_not-regexp">
<code class="literal">
NOT
RLIKE
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="regexp.html#operator_not-regexp">
<code class="literal">
NOT
REGEXP
</code>
</a>
. In such cases, you must test explicitly
for
<code class="literal">
NOT NULL
</code>
using
<a class="link" href="logical-operators.html#operator_or">
<code class="literal">
OR
</code>
</a>
(and not
<a class="link" href="logical-operators.html#operator_and">
<code class="literal">
AND
</code>
</a>
), as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa67149667"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">COUNT</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> foo <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> bar <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'%baz%'</span> <span class="token operator">OR</span> bar <span class="token operator">IS</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<a name="function_strcmp">
</a>
<p>
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#function_strcmp">
<code class="literal">
STRCMP(
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
expr1
</code>
</em>
,
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
expr2
</code>
</em>
)
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045202515664">
</a>
<p>
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#function_strcmp">
<code class="literal">
STRCMP()
</code>
</a>
returns
<code class="literal">
0
</code>
if the strings are the same,
<code class="literal">
-1
</code>
if the first argument is smaller than
the second according to the current sort order, and
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
if either argument is
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
. It returns
<code class="literal">
1
</code>
otherwise.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa51253251"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">STRCMP</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'text'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'text2'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">STRCMP</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'text2'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'text'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">STRCMP</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'text'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'text'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token number">0</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#function_strcmp">
<code class="literal">
STRCMP()
</code>
</a>
performs the
comparison using the collation of the arguments.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa33750731"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token variable">@s1</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> _utf8mb4 <span class="token string">'x'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token variable">@s2</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> _utf8mb4 <span class="token string">'X'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token variable">@s3</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> _utf8mb4 <span class="token string">'x'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_0900_as_cs<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token variable">@s4</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> _utf8mb4 <span class="token string">'X'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_0900_as_cs<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">STRCMP</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">@s1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@s2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">STRCMP</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">@s3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@s4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> STRCMP(@s1, @s2) <span class="token punctuation">|</span> STRCMP(@s3, @s4) <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token punctuation">-</span>1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If the collations are incompatible, one of the arguments
must be converted to be compatible with the other. See
<a class="xref" href="charset-collation-coercibility.html" title="12.8.4 Collation Coercibility in Expressions">
Section 12.8.4, “Collation Coercibility in Expressions”
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa68362147"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token variable">@s1</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> _utf8mb4 <span class="token string">'x'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token variable">@s2</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> _utf8mb4 <span class="token string">'X'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token variable">@s3</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> _utf8mb4 <span class="token string">'x'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_0900_as_cs<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token variable">@s4</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> _utf8mb4 <span class="token string">'X'</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_0900_as_cs<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">--></span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">STRCMP</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">@s1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@s3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">ERROR 1267 (HY000)<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Illegal mix of collations (utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci,IMPLICIT)
and (utf8mb4_0900_as_cs,IMPLICIT) for operation 'strcmp'</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">STRCMP</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">@s1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@s3</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> STRCMP(@s1, @s3 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci) <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/data-masking-plugin-function-reference.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="data-masking-plugin-function-reference">
</a>
8.5.3.3 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Plugin Function Reference
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="table">
<a name="idm46045232326048">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Table 8.47 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Plugin Functions
</b>
</p>
<div class="table-contents">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="A reference that lists MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification plugin functions.">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 25%"/>
<col style="width: 62%"/>
<col style="width: 12%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
Name
</th>
<th>
Description
</th>
<th>
Deprecated
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_gen-blacklist-plugin">
<code class="literal">
gen_blacklist()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Perform dictionary term replacement
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_gen-blocklist-plugin">
<code class="literal">
gen_blocklist()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Perform dictionary term replacement
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_gen-dictionary-drop-plugin">
<code class="literal">
gen_dictionary_drop()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Remove dictionary from registry
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_gen-dictionary-load-plugin">
<code class="literal">
gen_dictionary_load()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Load dictionary into registry
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_gen-dictionary-plugin">
<code class="literal">
gen_dictionary()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Return random term from dictionary
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_gen-range-plugin">
<code class="literal">
gen_range()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Generate random number within range
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_gen-rnd-email-plugin">
<code class="literal">
gen_rnd_email()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Generate random email address
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_gen-rnd-pan-plugin">
<code class="literal">
gen_rnd_pan()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Generate random payment card Primary Account Number
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_gen-rnd-ssn-plugin">
<code class="literal">
gen_rnd_ssn()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Generate random US Social Security Number
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_gen-rnd-us-phone-plugin">
<code class="literal">
gen_rnd_us_phone()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Generate random US phone number
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_mask-inner-plugin">
<code class="literal">
mask_inner()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Mask interior part of string
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_mask-outer-plugin">
<code class="literal">
mask_outer()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Mask left and right parts of string
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_mask-pan-plugin">
<code class="literal">
mask_pan()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Mask payment card Primary Account Number part of string
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_mask-pan-relaxed-plugin">
<code class="literal">
mask_pan_relaxed()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Mask payment card Primary Account Number part of string
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<a class="link" href="data-masking-plugin-functions.html#function_mask-ssn-plugin">
<code class="literal">
mask_ssn()
</code>
</a>
</th>
<td>
Mask US Social Security Number
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="table-contents">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="position: fixed; top: 0px; display: none; left: 401px; width: 739px;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="width: 186.203px;">
Name
</th>
<th style="width: 461.797px;">
Description
</th>
<th style="width: 90px;">
Deprecated
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"/>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/purge-binary-logs.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="purge-binary-logs">
</a>
15.4.1.1 PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045177896800">
</a>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa11122073"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">PURGE</span> <span class="token datatype">BINARY</span> <span class="token keyword">LOGS</span> {
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">log_name</em>'</span>
<span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token keyword">BEFORE</span> <em class="replaceable">datetime_expr</em>
}</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The binary log is a set of files that contain information about
data modifications made by the MySQL server. The log consists of
a set of binary log files, plus an index file (see
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
).
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="purge-binary-logs.html" title="15.4.1.1 PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement">
<code class="literal">
PURGE BINARY LOGS
</code>
</a>
statement
deletes all the binary log files listed in the log index file
prior to the specified log file name or date. Deleted log files
also are removed from the list recorded in the index file, so
that the given log file becomes the first in the list.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="purge-binary-logs.html" title="15.4.1.1 PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement">
<code class="literal">
PURGE BINARY LOGS
</code>
</a>
requires the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_binlog-admin">
<code class="literal">
BINLOG_ADMIN
</code>
</a>
privilege. This
statement has no effect if the server was not started with the
<a class="link" href="replication-options-binary-log.html#option_mysqld_log-bin">
<code class="option">
--log-bin
</code>
</a>
option to enable binary
logging.
</p>
<p>
Examples:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa67158981"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">PURGE</span> <span class="token datatype">BINARY</span> <span class="token keyword">LOGS</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'mysql-bin.010'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">PURGE</span> <span class="token datatype">BINARY</span> <span class="token keyword">LOGS</span> <span class="token keyword">BEFORE</span> <span class="token string">'2019-04-02 22:46:26'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
BEFORE
</code>
variant's
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
datetime_expr
</code>
</em>
argument should
evaluate to a
<a class="link" href="datetime.html" title="13.2.2 The DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP Types">
<code class="literal">
DATETIME
</code>
</a>
value (a
value in
<code class="literal">
'
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
YYYY-MM-DD
hh:mm:ss
</code>
</em>
'
</code>
format).
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="purge-binary-logs.html" title="15.4.1.1 PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement">
<code class="literal">
PURGE BINARY LOGS
</code>
</a>
is safe to run
while replicas are replicating. You need not stop them. If you
have an active replica that currently is reading one of the log
files you are trying to delete, this statement does not delete
the log file that is in use or any log files later than that
one, but it deletes any earlier log files. A warning message is
issued in this situation. However, if a replica is not connected
and you happen to purge one of the log files it has yet to read,
the replica cannot replicate after it reconnects.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="purge-binary-logs.html" title="15.4.1.1 PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement">
<code class="literal">
PURGE BINARY LOGS
</code>
</a>
cannot be
issued while a
<a class="link" href="lock-instance-for-backup.html" title="15.3.5 LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements">
<code class="literal">
LOCK INSTANCE FOR
BACKUP
</code>
</a>
statement is in effect for the instance,
because it contravenes the rules of the backup lock by removing
files from the server.
</p>
<p>
To safely purge binary log files, follow this procedure:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
On each replica, use
<a class="link" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW
REPLICA STATUS
</code>
</a>
to check which log file it is
reading.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Obtain a listing of the binary log files on the source with
<a class="link" href="show-binary-logs.html" title="15.7.7.2 SHOW BINARY LOGS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW BINARY LOGS
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Determine the earliest log file among all the replicas. This
is the target file. If all the replicas are up to date, this
is the last log file on the list.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Make a backup of all the log files you are about to delete.
(This step is optional, but always advisable.)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Purge all log files up to but not including the target file.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
<code class="literal">
PURGE BINARY LOGS TO
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
PURGE
BINARY LOGS BEFORE
</code>
both fail with an error when binary
log files listed in the
<code class="filename">
.index
</code>
file had
been removed from the system by some other means (such as using
<span class="command">
<strong>
rm
</strong>
</span>
on Linux). (Bug #18199, Bug #18453) To
handle such errors, edit the
<code class="filename">
.index
</code>
file
(which is a simple text file) manually to ensure that it lists
only the binary log files that are actually present, then run
again the
<a class="link" href="purge-binary-logs.html" title="15.4.1.1 PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement">
<code class="literal">
PURGE BINARY LOGS
</code>
</a>
statement that failed.
</p>
<p>
Binary log files are automatically removed after the server's
binary log expiration period. Removal of the files can take
place at startup and when the binary log is flushed. The default
binary log expiration period is 30 days. You can specify an
alternative expiration period using the
<a class="link" href="replication-options-binary-log.html#sysvar_binlog_expire_logs_seconds">
<code class="literal">
binlog_expire_logs_seconds
</code>
</a>
system variable. If you are using replication, you should
specify an expiration period that is no lower than the maximum
amount of time your replicas might lag behind the source.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/uln-installation.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="uln-installation">
</a>
2.6 Installing MySQL Using Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN)
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Linux supports a number of different solutions for installing MySQL,
covered in
<a class="xref" href="linux-installation.html" title="2.5 Installing MySQL on Linux">
Section 2.5, “Installing MySQL on Linux”
</a>
. One of the methods,
covered in this section, is installing from Oracle's Unbreakable
Linux Network (ULN). You can find information about Oracle Linux and
ULN under
<a class="ulink" href="http://linux.oracle.com/" target="_blank">
http://linux.oracle.com/
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
To use ULN, you need to obtain a ULN login and register the machine
used for installation with ULN. This is described in detail in the
<a class="ulink" href="https://linux.oracle.com/uln_faq.html" target="_blank">
ULN FAQ
</a>
.
The page also describes how to install and update packages.
</p>
<p>
Both Community and Commercial packages are supported, and each
offers three MySQL channels:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
Server
</code>
: MySQL Server
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
Connectors
</code>
: MySQL Connector/C++, MySQL
Connector/J, MySQL Connector/ODBC, and MySQL Connector/Python.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
Tools
</code>
: MySQL Router, MySQL Shell, and
MySQL Workbench
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The Community channels are available to all ULN users.
</p>
<p>
Accessing commercial MySQL ULN packages at oracle.linux.com requires
you to provide a CSI with a valid commercial license for MySQL
(Enterprise or Standard). As of this writing, valid purchases are
60944, 60945, 64911, and 64912. The appropriate CSI makes commercial
MySQL subscription channels available in your ULN GUI interface.
</p>
<p>
Once MySQL has been installed using ULN, you can find information on
starting and stopping the server, and more, at
<a class="xref" href="linux-installation-native.html" title="2.5.7 Installing MySQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories">
Section 2.5.7, “Installing MySQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories”
</a>
, particularly under
<a class="xref" href="linux-installation-rpm.html" title="2.5.4 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle">
Section 2.5.4, “Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
If you are changing your package source to use ULN and not changing
which build of MySQL you are using, then back up your data, remove
your existing binaries, and replace them with those from ULN. If a
change of build is involved, we recommend the backup be a dump (from
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
or
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/mysql-shell/8.4/en/mysql-shell-utilities-dump-instance-schema.html" target="_top">
MySQL
Shell's backup utility
</a>
) just in case you need to rebuild your
data after the new binaries are in place. If this shift to ULN
crosses a version boundary, consult this section before proceeding:
<a class="xref" href="upgrading.html" title="Chapter 3 Upgrading MySQL">
Chapter 3,
<i>
Upgrading MySQL
</i>
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/making-trace-files.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="making-trace-files">
</a>
7.9.1.2 Creating Trace Files
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
If the
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
server does not start or it
crashes easily, you can try to create a trace file to find the
problem.
</p>
<p>
To do this, you must have a
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
that has
been compiled with debugging support. You can check this by
executing
<code class="literal">
mysqld -V
</code>
. If the version number
ends with
<code class="literal">
-debug
</code>
, it is compiled with support
for trace files. (On Windows, the debugging server is named
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld-debug
</strong>
</span>
</a>
rather than
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
.)
</p>
<p>
Start the
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
server with a trace log in
<code class="filename">
/tmp/mysqld.trace
</code>
on Unix or
<code class="filename">
\mysqld.trace
</code>
on Windows:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa84477620"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysqld</span> <span class="token property">--debug</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
On Windows, you should also use the
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_standalone">
<code class="option">
--standalone
</code>
</a>
flag to not start
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
as a service. In a console window, use
this command:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa89452025"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">C:\></span><span class="token command"> mysqld-debug</span> <span class="token property">--debug</span> <span class="token property">--standalone</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
After this, you can use the
<code class="literal">
mysql.exe
</code>
command-line tool in a second console window to reproduce the
problem. You can stop the
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
server with
<a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqladmin shutdown
</strong>
</span>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The trace file can become
<span class="bold">
<strong>
very
large
</strong>
</span>
! To generate a smaller trace file, you can use
debugging options something like this:
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
--debug=d,info,error,query,general,where:O,/tmp/mysqld.trace
</strong>
</span>
</a>
</p>
<p>
This only prints information with the most interesting tags to
the trace file.
</p>
<p>
If you file a bug, please add only those lines from the trace
file to the bug report that indicate where something seems to go
wrong. If you cannot locate the wrong place, open a bug report
and upload the whole trace file to the report, so that a MySQL
developer can take a look at it. For instructions, see
<a class="xref" href="bug-reports.html" title="1.6 How to Report Bugs or Problems">
Section 1.6, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The trace file is made with the
<code class="literal">
DBUG
</code>
package
by Fred Fish. See
<a class="xref" href="dbug-package.html" title="7.9.4 The DBUG Package">
Section 7.9.4, “The DBUG Package”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/sql-data-manipulation-statements.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="sql-data-manipulation-statements">
</a>
15.2 Data Manipulation Statements
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="call.html">
15.2.1 CALL Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="delete.html">
15.2.2 DELETE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="do.html">
15.2.3 DO Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="except.html">
15.2.4 EXCEPT Clause
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="handler.html">
15.2.5 HANDLER Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="import-table.html">
15.2.6 IMPORT TABLE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="insert.html">
15.2.7 INSERT Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="intersect.html">
15.2.8 INTERSECT Clause
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="load-data.html">
15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="load-xml.html">
15.2.10 LOAD XML Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="parenthesized-query-expressions.html">
15.2.11 Parenthesized Query Expressions
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="replace.html">
15.2.12 REPLACE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="select.html">
15.2.13 SELECT Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="set-operations.html">
15.2.14 Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="subqueries.html">
15.2.15 Subqueries
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="table.html">
15.2.16 TABLE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="update.html">
15.2.17 UPDATE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="union.html">
15.2.18 UNION Clause
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="values.html">
15.2.19 VALUES Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="with.html">
15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045183067248">
</a>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/connection-interfaces.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="connection-interfaces">
</a>
7.1.12.1 Connection Interfaces
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045261021648">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045261020160">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045261018672">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045261017584">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045261016496">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045261015424">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045261014352">
</a>
<p>
This section describes aspects of how the MySQL server manages
client connections.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="connection-interfaces.html#connection-interfaces-interfaces" title="Network Interfaces and Connection Manager Threads">
Network Interfaces and Connection Manager Threads
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="connection-interfaces.html#connection-interfaces-thread-management" title="Client Connection Thread Management">
Client Connection Thread Management
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="connection-interfaces.html#connection-interfaces-volume-management" title="Connection Volume Management">
Connection Volume Management
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="connection-interfaces-interfaces">
</a>
Network Interfaces and Connection Manager Threads
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The server is capable of listening for client connections on
multiple network interfaces. Connection manager threads handle
client connection requests on the network interfaces that the
server listens to:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
On all platforms, one manager thread handles TCP/IP
connection requests.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
On Unix, the same manager thread also handles Unix socket
file connection requests.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
On Windows, one manager thread handles shared-memory
connection requests, and another handles named-pipe
connection requests.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
On all platforms, an additional network interface may be
enabled to accept administrative TCP/IP connection
requests. This interface can use the manager thread that
handles
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
ordinary
</span>
”
</span>
TCP/IP requests, or a
separate thread.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The server does not create threads to handle interfaces that
it does not listen to. For example, a Windows server that does
not have support for named-pipe connections enabled does not
create a thread to handle them.
</p>
<p>
Individual server plugins or components may implement their
own connection interface:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
X Plugin enables MySQL Server to communicate with clients
using X Protocol. See
<a class="xref" href="x-plugin.html" title="22.5 X Plugin">
Section 22.5, “X Plugin”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="connection-interfaces-thread-management">
</a>
Client Connection Thread Management
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Connection manager threads associate each client connection
with a thread dedicated to it that handles authentication and
request processing for that connection. Manager threads create
a new thread when necessary but try to avoid doing so by
consulting the thread cache first to see whether it contains a
thread that can be used for the connection. When a connection
ends, its thread is returned to the thread cache if the cache
is not full.
</p>
<p>
In this connection thread model, there are as many threads as
there are clients currently connected, which has some
disadvantages when server workload must scale to handle large
numbers of connections. For example, thread creation and
disposal becomes expensive. Also, each thread requires server
and kernel resources, such as stack space. To accommodate a
large number of simultaneous connections, the stack size per
thread must be kept small, leading to a situation where it is
either too small or the server consumes large amounts of
memory. Exhaustion of other resources can occur as well, and
scheduling overhead can become significant.
</p>
<p>
MySQL Enterprise Edition includes a thread pool plugin that provides an
alternative thread-handling model designed to reduce overhead
and improve performance. It implements a thread pool that
increases server performance by efficiently managing statement
execution threads for large numbers of client connections. See
<a class="xref" href="thread-pool.html" title="7.6.3 MySQL Enterprise Thread Pool">
Section 7.6.3, “MySQL Enterprise Thread Pool”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
To control and monitor how the server manages threads that
handle client connections, several system and status variables
are relevant. (See
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
,
and
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
.)
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_thread_cache_size">
<code class="literal">
thread_cache_size
</code>
</a>
system variable determines the thread cache size. By
default, the server autosizes the value at startup, but it
can be set explicitly to override this default. A value of
0 disables caching, which causes a thread to be set up for
each new connection and disposed of when the connection
terminates. To enable
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
N
</code>
</em>
inactive connection threads to be cached, set
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_thread_cache_size">
<code class="literal">
thread_cache_size
</code>
</a>
to
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
N
</code>
</em>
at server startup or at
runtime. A connection thread becomes inactive when the
client connection with which it was associated terminates.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To monitor the number of threads in the cache and how many
threads have been created because a thread could not be
taken from the cache, check the
<a class="link" href="server-status-variables.html#statvar_Threads_cached">
<code class="literal">
Threads_cached
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="server-status-variables.html#statvar_Threads_created">
<code class="literal">
Threads_created
</code>
</a>
status
variables.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When the thread stack is too small, this limits the
complexity of the SQL statements the server can handle,
the recursion depth of stored procedures, and other
memory-consuming actions. To set a stack size of
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
N
</code>
</em>
bytes for each thread, start
the server with
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_thread_stack">
<code class="literal">
thread_stack
</code>
</a>
set to
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
N
</code>
</em>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="connection-interfaces-volume-management">
</a>
Connection Volume Management
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
To control the maximum number of clients the server permits to
connect simultaneously, set the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_max_connections">
<code class="literal">
max_connections
</code>
</a>
system
variable at server startup or at runtime. It may be necessary
to increase
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_max_connections">
<code class="literal">
max_connections
</code>
</a>
if more clients attempt to connect simultaneously then the
server is configured to handle (see
<a class="xref" href="too-many-connections.html" title="B.3.2.5 Too many connections">
Section B.3.2.5, “Too many connections”
</a>
). If the server refuses
a connection because the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_max_connections">
<code class="literal">
max_connections
</code>
</a>
limit is
reached, it increments the
<a class="link" href="server-status-variables.html#statvar_Connection_errors_max_connections">
<code class="literal">
Connection_errors_max_connections
</code>
</a>
status variable.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
actually permits
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_max_connections">
<code class="literal">
max_connections
</code>
</a>
+ 1 client connections. The extra connection is reserved for
use by accounts that have the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_connection-admin">
<code class="literal">
CONNECTION_ADMIN
</code>
</a>
privilege (or
the deprecated
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_super">
<code class="literal">
SUPER
</code>
</a>
privilege). By granting the privilege to administrators and
not to normal users (who should not need it), an administrator
can connect to the server and use
<a class="link" href="show-processlist.html" title="15.7.7.31 SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW
PROCESSLIST
</code>
</a>
to diagnose problems even if the maximum
number of unprivileged clients are connected. See
<a class="xref" href="show-processlist.html" title="15.7.7.31 SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement">
Section 15.7.7.31, “SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The server also permits administrative connections on an
administrative network interface, which you can set up using a
dedicated IP address and port. See
<a class="xref" href="administrative-connection-interface.html" title="7.1.12.2 Administrative Connection Management">
Section 7.1.12.2, “Administrative Connection Management”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The Group Replication plugin interacts with MySQL Server using
internal sessions to perform SQL API operations. Group
Replication's internal sessions are handled separately from
client connections, so they do not count towards the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_max_connections">
<code class="literal">
max_connections
</code>
</a>
limit and are
not refused if the server has reached this limit.
</p>
<p>
The maximum number of client connections MySQL supports (that
is, the maximum value to which
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_max_connections">
<code class="literal">
max_connections
</code>
</a>
can be set)
depends on several factors:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The quality of the thread library on a given platform.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The amount of RAM available.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The amount of RAM is used for each connection.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The workload from each connection.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The desired response time.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The number of file descriptors available.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Linux or Solaris should be able to support at least 500 to
1000 simultaneous connections routinely and as many as 10,000
connections if you have many gigabytes of RAM available and
the workload from each is low or the response time target
undemanding.
</p>
<p>
Increasing the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_max_connections">
<code class="literal">
max_connections
</code>
</a>
value
increases the number of file descriptors that
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
requires. If the required number of
descriptors are not available, the server reduces the value of
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_max_connections">
<code class="literal">
max_connections
</code>
</a>
. For comments
on file descriptor limits, see
<a class="xref" href="table-cache.html" title="10.4.3.1 How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables">
Section 10.4.3.1, “How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Increasing the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_open_files_limit">
<code class="literal">
open_files_limit
</code>
</a>
system
variable may be necessary, which may also require raising the
operating system limit on how many file descriptors can be
used by MySQL. Consult your operating system documentation to
determine whether it is possible to increase the limit and how
to do so. See also
<a class="xref" href="not-enough-file-handles.html" title="B.3.2.16 File Not Found and Similar Errors">
Section B.3.2.16, “File Not Found and Similar Errors”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/information-schema-referential-constraints-table.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="information-schema-referential-constraints-table">
</a>
28.3.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS Table
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045079042272">
</a>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="information-schema-referential-constraints-table.html" title="28.3.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS Table">
<code class="literal">
REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
</code>
</a>
table
provides information about foreign keys.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="information-schema-referential-constraints-table.html" title="28.3.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS Table">
<code class="literal">
REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS
</code>
</a>
table has
these columns:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
</code>
</p>
<p>
The name of the catalog to which the constraint belongs. This
value is always
<code class="literal">
def
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
</code>
</p>
<p>
The name of the schema (database) to which the constraint
belongs.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
CONSTRAINT_NAME
</code>
</p>
<p>
The name of the constraint.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
</code>
</p>
<p>
The name of the catalog containing the unique constraint that
the constraint references. This value is always
<code class="literal">
def
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
</code>
</p>
<p>
The name of the schema containing the unique constraint that
the constraint references.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
</code>
</p>
<p>
The name of the unique constraint that the constraint
references.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
MATCH_OPTION
</code>
</p>
<p>
The value of the constraint
<code class="literal">
MATCH
</code>
attribute. The only valid value at this time is
<code class="literal">
NONE
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
UPDATE_RULE
</code>
</p>
<p>
The value of the constraint
<code class="literal">
ON UPDATE
</code>
attribute. The possible values are
<code class="literal">
CASCADE
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
SET NULL
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
SET DEFAULT
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
RESTRICT
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
NO ACTION
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
DELETE_RULE
</code>
</p>
<p>
The value of the constraint
<code class="literal">
ON DELETE
</code>
attribute. The possible values are
<code class="literal">
CASCADE
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
SET NULL
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
SET DEFAULT
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
RESTRICT
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
NO ACTION
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
TABLE_NAME
</code>
</p>
<p>
The name of the table. This value is the same as in the
<a class="link" href="information-schema-table-constraints-table.html" title="28.3.41 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table">
<code class="literal">
TABLE_CONSTRAINTS
</code>
</a>
table.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME
</code>
</p>
<p>
The name of the table referenced by the constraint.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/keyring-hashicorp-plugin.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="keyring-hashicorp-plugin">
</a>
8.4.4.8 Using the HashiCorp Vault Keyring Plugin
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045240335696">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045240334656">
</a>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
plugin is an
extension included in MySQL Enterprise Edition, a commercial product. To learn
more about commercial products, see
<a class="ulink" href="https://www.mysql.com/products/" target="_blank">
https://www.mysql.com/products/
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
keyring plugin
communicates with HashiCorp Vault for back end storage. The
plugin supports HashiCorp Vault AppRole authentication. No key
information is permanently stored in MySQL server local storage.
(An optional in-memory key cache may be used as intermediate
storage.) Random key generation is performed on the MySQL server
side, with the keys subsequently stored to Hashicorp Vault.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
plugin supports the
functions that comprise the standard MySQL Keyring service
interface. Keyring operations performed by those functions are
accessible at two levels:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
SQL interface: In SQL statements, call the functions
described in
<a class="xref" href="keyring-functions-general-purpose.html" title="8.4.4.12 General-Purpose Keyring Key-Management Functions">
Section 8.4.4.12, “General-Purpose Keyring Key-Management Functions”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
C interface: In C-language code, call the keyring service
functions described in
<a class="xref" href="keyring-service.html" title="7.6.9.2 The Keyring Service">
Section 7.6.9.2, “The Keyring Service”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Example (using the SQL interface):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa93769253"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> keyring_key_generate<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'MyKey'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'AES'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> keyring_key_remove<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'MyKey'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For information about the characteristics of key values
permitted by
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
, see
<a class="xref" href="keyring-key-types.html" title="8.4.4.10 Supported Keyring Key Types and Lengths">
Section 8.4.4.10, “Supported Keyring Key Types and Lengths”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
To install
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
, use the general
instructions found in
<a class="xref" href="keyring-plugin-installation.html" title="8.4.4.3 Keyring Plugin Installation">
Section 8.4.4.3, “Keyring Plugin Installation”
</a>
, together with the
configuration information specific to
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
found here. Plugin-specific
configuration includes preparation of the certificate and key
files needed for connecting to HashiCorp Vault, as well as
configuring HashiCorp Vault itself. The following sections
provide the necessary instructions.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-hashicorp-plugin.html#keyring-hashicorp-certificate-configuration" title="Certificate and Key Preparation">
Certificate and Key Preparation
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-hashicorp-plugin.html#keyring-hashicorp-vault-configuration" title="HashiCorp Vault Setup">
HashiCorp Vault Setup
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-hashicorp-plugin.html#keyring-hashicorp-plugin-configuration" title="keyring_hashicorp Configuration">
keyring_hashicorp Configuration
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="keyring-hashicorp-certificate-configuration">
</a>
Certificate and Key Preparation
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045240313408">
</a>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
plugin requires a
secure connection to the HashiCorp Vault server, employing the
HTTPS protocol. A typical setup includes a set of certificate
and key files:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="filename">
company.crt
</code>
: A custom CA certificate
belonging to the organization. This file is used both by
HashiCorp Vault server and the
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
plugin.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="filename">
vault.key
</code>
: The private key of the
HashiCorp Vault server instance. This file is used by
HashiCorp Vault server.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="filename">
vault.crt
</code>
: The certificate of the
HashiCorp Vault server instance. This file must be signed
by the organization CA certificate.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The following instructions describe how to create the
certificate and key files using OpenSSL. (If you already have
those files, proceed to
<a class="xref" href="keyring-hashicorp-plugin.html#keyring-hashicorp-vault-configuration" title="HashiCorp Vault Setup">
HashiCorp Vault Setup
</a>
.) The
instructions as shown apply to Linux platforms and may require
adjustment for other platforms.
</p>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
Certificates generated by these instructions are
self-signed, which may not be very secure. After you gain
experience using such files, consider obtaining
certificate/key material from a registered certificate
authority.
</p>
</div>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Prepare the company and HashiCorp Vault server keys.
</p>
<p>
Use the following commands to generate the key files:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa32393417"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">openssl genrsa <span class="token property">-aes256</span> <span class="token property">-out</span> company<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key 4096
openssl genrsa <span class="token property">-aes256</span> <span class="token property">-out</span> vault<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key 2048</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The commands produce files holding the company private key
(
<code class="filename">
company.key
</code>
) and the Vault server
private key (
<code class="filename">
vault.key
</code>
). The keys are
randomly generated RSA keys of 4,096 and 2,048 bits,
respectively.
</p>
<p>
Each command prompts for a password. For testing purposes,
the password is not required. To disable it, omit the
<code class="option">
-aes256
</code>
argument.
</p>
<p>
The key files hold sensitive information and should be
stored in a secure location. The password (also sensitive)
is required later, so write it down and store it in a
secure location.
</p>
<p>
(Optional) To check key file content and validity, use the
following commands:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa20804115"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">openssl rsa <span class="token property">-in</span> company<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token property">-check</span>
openssl rsa <span class="token property">-in</span> vault<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token property">-check</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create the company CA certificate.
</p>
<p>
Use the following command to create a company CA
certificate file named
<code class="filename">
company.crt
</code>
that is valid for 365 days (enter the command on a single
line):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa14056329"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">openssl req <span class="token property">-x509</span> <span class="token property">-new</span> <span class="token property">-nodes</span> <span class="token property">-key</span> company<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key
<span class="token property">-sha256</span> <span class="token property">-days</span> 365 <span class="token property">-out</span> company<span class="token punctuation">.</span>crt</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If you used the
<code class="option">
-aes256
</code>
argument to
perform key encryption during key generation, you are
prompted for the company key password during CA
certificate creation. You are also prompted for
information about the certificate holder (that is, you or
your company), as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa26853721"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:
Locality Name (eg, city) []:
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:
Email Address []:</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Answer the prompts with appropriate values.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create a certificate signing request.
</p>
<p>
To create a HashiCorp Vault server certificate, a
Certificate Signing Request (CSR) must be prepared for the
newly created server key. Create a configuration file
named
<code class="filename">
request.conf
</code>
containing the
following lines. If the HashiCorp Vault server does not
run on the local host, substitute appropriate CN and IP
values, and make any other changes required.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-ini"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa29029241"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-ini"><span class="token selector">[req]</span>
<span class="token constant">distinguished_name</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> vault</span>
<span class="token constant">x509_entensions</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> v3_req</span>
<span class="token constant">prompt</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> no</span>
<span class="token selector">[vault]</span>
<span class="token constant">C</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> US</span>
<span class="token constant">ST</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> CA</span>
<span class="token constant">L</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> RWC</span>
<span class="token constant">O</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> Company</span>
<span class="token constant">CN</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 127.0.0.1</span>
<span class="token selector">[v3_req]</span>
<span class="token constant">subjectAltName</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> @alternatives</span>
<span class="token constant">authorityKeyIdentifier</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> keyid,issuer</span>
<span class="token constant">basicConstraints</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> CA:TRUE</span>
<span class="token selector">[alternatives]</span>
<span class="token constant">IP</span> <span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span> 127.0.0.1</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Use this command to create the signing request:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa86606596"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">openssl req <span class="token property">-new</span> <span class="token property">-key</span> vault<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token property">-config</span> request<span class="token punctuation">.</span>conf <span class="token property">-out</span> request<span class="token punctuation">.</span>csr</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The output file (
<code class="filename">
request.csr
</code>
) is an
intermediate file that serves as input for creation of the
server certificate.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create the HashiCorp Vault server certificate.
</p>
<p>
Sign the combined information from the HashiCorp Vault
server key (
<code class="filename">
vault.key
</code>
) and the CSR
(
<code class="filename">
request.csr
</code>
) with the company
certificate (
<code class="filename">
company.crt
</code>
) to create
the HashiCorp Vault server certificate
(
<code class="filename">
vault.crt
</code>
). Use the following
command to do this (enter the command on a single line):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa60115148"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">openssl x509 <span class="token property">-req</span> <span class="token property">-in</span> request<span class="token punctuation">.</span>csr
<span class="token property">-CA</span> company<span class="token punctuation">.</span>crt <span class="token property">-CAkey</span> company<span class="token punctuation">.</span>key <span class="token property">-CAcreateserial</span>
<span class="token property">-out</span> vault<span class="token punctuation">.</span>crt <span class="token property">-days</span> 365 <span class="token property">-sha256</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To make the
<code class="filename">
vault.crt
</code>
server
certificate useful, append the contents of the
<code class="filename">
company.crt
</code>
company certificate to
it. This is required so that the company certificate is
delivered along with the server certificate in requests.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa24595672"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">cat company<span class="token punctuation">.</span>crt >> vault<span class="token punctuation">.</span>crt</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If you display the contents of the
<code class="filename">
vault.crt
</code>
file, it should look like
this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa9323570"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
... <em class="replaceable">content of HashiCorp Vault server certificate</em> ...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
... <em class="replaceable">content of company certificate</em> ...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----</code></pre>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="keyring-hashicorp-vault-configuration">
</a>
HashiCorp Vault Setup
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045240268064">
</a>
<p>
The following instructions describe how to create a HashiCorp
Vault setup that facilitates testing the
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
plugin.
</p>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
A test setup is similar to a production setup, but
production use of HashiCorp Vault entails additional
security considerations such as use of non-self-signed
certificates and storing the company certificate in the
system trust store. You must implement whatever additional
security steps are needed to satisfy your operational
requirements.
</p>
</div>
<p>
These instructions assume availability of the certificate and
key files created in
<a class="xref" href="keyring-hashicorp-plugin.html#keyring-hashicorp-certificate-configuration" title="Certificate and Key Preparation">
Certificate and Key Preparation
</a>
.
See that section if you do not have those files.
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Fetch the HashiCorp Vault binary.
</p>
<p>
Download the HashiCorp Vault binary appropriate for your
platform from
<a class="ulink" href="https://www.vaultproject.io/downloads.html" target="_blank">
https://www.vaultproject.io/downloads.html
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Extract the content of the archive to produce the
executable
<span class="command">
<strong>
vault
</strong>
</span>
command, which is used
to perform HashiCorp Vault operations. If necessary, add
the directory where you install the command to the system
path.
</p>
<p>
(Optional) HashiCorp Vault supports autocomplete options
that make it easier to use. For more information, see
<a class="ulink" href="https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/getting-started/install#command-completion" target="_blank">
https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/getting-started/install#command-completion
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create the HashiCorp Vault server configuration file.
</p>
<p>
Prepare a configuration file named
<code class="filename">
config.hcl
</code>
with the following
content. For the
<code class="literal">
tls_cert_file
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
tls_key_file
</code>
, and
<code class="literal">
path
</code>
values, substitute path names
appropriate for your system.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa4519787"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">listener "tcp" {
address="127.0.0.1:8200"
tls_cert_file="/home/username/certificates/vault.crt"
tls_key_file="/home/username/certificates/vault.key"
}
storage "file" {
path = "/home/username/vaultstorage/storage"
}
ui = true</code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Start the HashiCorp Vault server.
</p>
<p>
To start the Vault server, use the following command,
where the
<code class="option">
-config
</code>
option specifies the
path to the configuration file just created:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa35596947"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">vault server <span class="token constant">-config</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>config.hcl</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
During this step, you may be prompted for a password for
the Vault server private key stored in the
<code class="filename">
vault.key
</code>
file.
</p>
<p>
The server should start, displaying some information on
the console (IP, port, and so forth).
</p>
<p>
So that you can enter the remaining commands, put the
<span class="command">
<strong>
vault server
</strong>
</span>
command in the background
or open another terminal before continuing.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Initialize the HashiCorp Vault server.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
The operations described in this step are required only
when starting Vault the first time, to obtain the unseal
key and root token. Subsequent Vault instance restarts
require only unsealing using the unseal key.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Issue the following commands (assuming Bourne shell
syntax):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa99720928"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">export VAULT_SKIP_VERIFY<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>1</span>
vault operator init <span class="token property">-n</span> 1 <span class="token property">-t</span> 1</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The first command enables the
<span class="command">
<strong>
vault
</strong>
</span>
command to temporarily ignore the fact that no company
certificate has been added to the system trust store. It
compensates for the fact that our self-signed CA is not
added to that store. (For production use, such a
certificate should be added.)
</p>
<p>
The second command creates a single unseal key with a
requirement for a single unseal key to be present for
unsealing. (For production use, an instance would have
multiple unseal keys with up to that many keys required to
be entered to unseal it. The unseal keys should be
delivered to key custodians within the company. Use of a
single key might be considered a security issue because
that permits the vault to be unsealed by a single key
custodian.)
</p>
<p>
Vault should reply with information about the unseal key
and root token, plus some additional text (the actual
unseal key and root token values differ from those shown
here):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa56263700"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">...
Unseal Key 1: I2xwcFQc892O0Nt2pBiRNlnkHzTUrWS+JybL39BjcOE=
Initial Root Token: s.vTvXeo3tPEYehfcd9WH7oUKz
...</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Store the unseal key and root token in a secure location.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Unseal the HashiCorp Vault server.
</p>
<p>
Use this command to unseal the Vault server:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa87158891"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">vault operator unseal</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
When prompted to enter the unseal key, use the key
obtained previously during Vault initialization.
</p>
<p>
Vault should produce output indicating that setup is
complete and the vault is unsealed.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Log in to the HashiCorp Vault server and verify its
status.
</p>
<p>
Prepare the environment variables required for logging in
as root:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa43660810"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">vault login s<span class="token punctuation">.</span>vTvXeo3tPEYehfcd9WH7oUKz</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For the token value in that command, substitute the
content of the root token obtained previously during Vault
initialization.
</p>
<p>
Verify the Vault server status:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa29371667"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">vault status</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The output should contain these lines (among others):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa63398"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">...
Initialized true
Sealed false
...</code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Set up HashiCorp Vault authentication and storage.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
The operations described in this step are needed only
the first time the Vault instance is run. They need not
be repeated afterward.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Enable the AppRole authentication method and verify that
it is in the authentication method list:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa29412282"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">vault auth enable approle
vault auth list</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Enable the Vault KeyValue storage engine:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa8485203"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">vault secrets enable <span class="token constant">-version</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>1</span> kv</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Create and set up a role for use with the
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
plugin (enter the
command on a single line):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa13099533"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">vault write auth/approle/role/mysql token_num_uses<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>0</span>
token_ttl<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>20m</span> token_max_ttl<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>30m</span> secret_id_num_uses<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>0</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Add an AppRole security policy.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
The operations described in this step are needed only
the first time the Vault instance is run. They need not
be repeated afterward.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Prepare a policy that to permit the previously created
role to access appropriate secrets. Create a new file
named
<code class="filename">
mysql.hcl
</code>
with the following
content:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa46387417"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">path "kv/mysql/*" {
capabilities = ["create", "read", "update", "delete", "list"]
}</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
<code class="filename">
kv/mysql/
</code>
in this example may need
adjustment per your local installation policies and
security requirements. If so, make the same adjustment
wherever else
<code class="filename">
kv/mysql/
</code>
appears in
these instructions.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Import the policy file to the Vault server to create a
policy named
<code class="literal">
mysql-policy
</code>
, then assign
the policy to the new role:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa95710739"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">vault policy write mysql-policy mysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>hcl
vault write auth/approle/role/mysql policies<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>mysql-policy</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Obtain the ID of the newly created role and store it in a
secure location:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa52933181"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">vault read auth/approle/role/mysql/role-id</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Generate a secret ID for the role and store it in a secure
location:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa28958157"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">vault write <span class="token property">-f</span> auth/approle/role/mysql/secret-id</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
After these AppRole role ID and secret ID credentials are
generated, they are expected to remain valid indefinitely.
They need not be generated again and the
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
plugin can be
configured with them for use on an ongoing basis. For more
information about AuthRole authentication, visit
<a class="ulink" href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/approle.html" target="_blank">
https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/approle.html
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="keyring-hashicorp-plugin-configuration">
</a>
keyring_hashicorp Configuration
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045240206416">
</a>
<p>
The plugin library file contains the
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
plugin and a loadable
function,
<a class="link" href="keyring-functions-plugin-specific.html#function_keyring-hashicorp-update-config">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_update_config()
</code>
</a>
.
When the plugin initializes and terminates, it automatically
loads and unloads the function. There is no need to load and
unload the function manually.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
plugin supports the
configuration parameters shown in the following table. To
specify these parameters, assign values to the corresponding
system variables.
</p>
<div class="informaltable">
<table summary="keyring_hashicorp configuration parameters and corresponding system variables.">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 35%"/>
<col style="width: 50%"/>
<col style="width: 15%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">
Configuration Parameter
</th>
<th scope="col">
System Variable
</th>
<th scope="col">
Mandatory
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
HashiCorp Server URL
</th>
<td>
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_server_url">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_server_url
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
AppRole role ID
</th>
<td>
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_role_id">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_role_id
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
AppRole secret ID
</th>
<td>
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_secret_id">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_secret_id
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
Store path
</th>
<td>
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_store_path">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_store_path
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
Authorization Path
</th>
<td>
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_auth_path">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_auth_path
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
CA certificate file path
</th>
<td>
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_ca_path">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_ca_path
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
Cache control
</th>
<td>
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_caching">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_caching
</code>
</a>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
To be usable during the server startup process,
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
must be loaded using the
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_early-plugin-load">
<code class="option">
--early-plugin-load
</code>
</a>
option. As
indicated by the preceding table, several plugin-related
system variables are mandatory and must also be set. For
example, use these lines in the server
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
file, adjusting the
<code class="filename">
.so
</code>
suffix and file locations for your
platform as necessary:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-ini"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa28913588"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-ini"><span class="token selector">[mysqld]</span>
<span class="token constant">early-plugin-load</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>keyring_hashicorp.so</span>
<span class="token constant">keyring_hashicorp_role_id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>'ee3b495c-d0c9-11e9-8881-8444c71c32aa'</span>
<span class="token constant">keyring_hashicorp_secret_id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>'0512af29-d0ca-11e9-95ee-0010e00dd718'</span>
<span class="token constant">keyring_hashicorp_store_path</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>'/v1/kv/mysql'</span>
<span class="token constant">keyring_hashicorp_auth_path</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>'/v1/auth/approle/login'</span></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Per the
<a class="ulink" href="https://www.vaultproject.io/api-docs" target="_blank">
HashiCorp
documentation
</a>
, all API routes are prefixed with a
protocol version (which you can see in the preceding example
as
<code class="literal">
/v1/
</code>
in the
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_store_path">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_store_path
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_auth_path">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_auth_path
</code>
</a>
values). If HashiCorp develops new protocol versions, it may
be necessary to change
<code class="literal">
/v1/
</code>
to something
else in your configuration.
</p>
</div>
<p>
MySQL Server authenticates against HashiCorp Vault using
AppRole authentication. Successful authentication requires
that two secrets be provided to Vault, a role ID and a secret
ID, which are similar in concept to user name and password.
The role ID and secret ID values to use are those obtained
during the HashiCorp Vault setup procedure performed
previously. To specify the two IDs, assign their respective
values to the
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_role_id">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_role_id
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_secret_id">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_secret_id
</code>
</a>
system variables. The setup procedure also results in a store
path of
<code class="literal">
/v1/kv/mysql
</code>
, which is the value to
assign to
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_commit_store_path">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_commit_store_path
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
At plugin initialization time,
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
attempts to connect to
the HashiCorp Vault server using the configuration values. If
the connection is successful, the plugin stores the values in
corresponding system variables that have
<code class="literal">
_commit_
</code>
in their name. For example, upon
successful connection, the plugin stores the values of
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_role_id">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_role_id
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_store_path">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_store_path
</code>
</a>
in
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_commit_role_id">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_commit_role_id
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="keyring-system-variables.html#sysvar_keyring_hashicorp_commit_store_path">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_commit_store_path
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Reconfiguration at runtime can be performed with the
assistance of the
<a class="link" href="keyring-functions-plugin-specific.html#function_keyring-hashicorp-update-config">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_update_config()
</code>
</a>
function:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use
<a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
</a>
statements to assign the desired new values to the
configuration system variables shown in the preceding
table. These assignments in themselves have no effect on
ongoing plugin operation.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Invoke
<a class="link" href="keyring-functions-plugin-specific.html#function_keyring-hashicorp-update-config">
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp_update_config()
</code>
</a>
to cause the plugin to reconfigure and reconnect to the
HashiCorp Vault server using the new variable values.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If the connection is successful, the plugin stores the
updated configuration values in corresponding system
variables that have
<code class="literal">
_commit_
</code>
in their
name.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
For example, if you have reconfigured HashiCorp Vault to
listen on port 8201 rather than the default 8200, reconfigure
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa27489666"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token keyword">GLOBAL</span> keyring_hashicorp_server_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'https://127.0.0.1:8201'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> keyring_hashicorp_update_config<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> keyring_hashicorp_update_config() <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Configuration update was successful. <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output">1 row in set (0.03 sec)</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If the plugin is not able to connect to HashiCorp Vault during
initialization or reconfiguration and there was no existing
connection, the
<code class="literal">
_commit_
</code>
system variables
are set to
<code class="literal">
'Not committed'
</code>
for
string-valued variables, and
<code class="literal">
OFF
</code>
for
Boolean-valued variables. If the plugin is not able to connect
but there was an existing connection, that connection remains
active and the
<code class="literal">
_commit_
</code>
variables reflect
the values used for it.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
If you do not set the mandatory system variables at server
startup, or if some other plugin initialization error
occurs, initialization fails. In this case, you can use the
runtime reconfiguration procedure to initialize the plugin
without restarting the server.
</p>
</div>
<p>
For additional information about the
<code class="literal">
keyring_hashicorp
</code>
plugin-specific system
variables and function, see
<a class="xref" href="keyring-system-variables.html" title="8.4.4.16 Keyring System Variables">
Section 8.4.4.16, “Keyring System Variables”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="keyring-functions-plugin-specific.html" title="8.4.4.13 Plugin-Specific Keyring Key-Management Functions">
Section 8.4.4.13, “Plugin-Specific Keyring Key-Management Functions”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/group-replication-limitations.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="group-replication-limitations">
</a>
20.3.2 Group Replication Limitations
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-limitations.html#group-replication-limitations-group-size" title="Limit on Group Size">
Limit on Group Size
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-limitations.html#group-replication-limitations-transaction-size" title="Limits on Transaction Size">
Limits on Transaction Size
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045133836080">
</a>
<p>
The following known limitations exist for Group Replication. Note
that the limitations and issues described for multi-primary mode
groups can also apply in single-primary mode clusters during a
failover event, while the newly elected primary flushes out its
applier queue from the old primary.
</p>
<div class="tip" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Tip
</div>
<p>
Group Replication is built on GTID based replication, therefore
you should also be aware of
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-restrictions.html" title="19.1.3.7 Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.7, “Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
<code class="literal">
--upgrade=MINIMAL
</code>
option.
</b>
Group Replication cannot be started following a MySQL Server
upgrade that uses the MINIMAL option
(
<code class="literal">
--upgrade=MINIMAL
</code>
), which does not
upgrade system tables on which the replication internals
depend.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Gap Locks.
</b>
Group Replication's certification process for concurrent
transactions does not take into account
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_gap_lock" title="gap lock">
gap locks
</a>
, as
information about gap locks is not available outside of
<a class="link" href="innodb-storage-engine.html" title="Chapter 17 The InnoDB Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
</a>
. See
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking.html#innodb-gap-locks" title="Gap Locks">
Gap Locks
</a>
for more information.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
For a group in multi-primary mode, unless you rely on
<a class="link" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html#isolevel_repeatable-read">
<code class="literal">
REPEATABLE READ
</code>
</a>
semantics
in your applications, we recommend using the
<a class="link" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html#isolevel_read-committed">
<code class="literal">
READ COMMITTED
</code>
</a>
isolation
level with Group Replication. InnoDB does not use gap locks
in
<a class="link" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html#isolevel_read-committed">
<code class="literal">
READ COMMITTED
</code>
</a>
, which
aligns the local conflict detection within InnoDB with the
distributed conflict detection performed by Group
Replication. For a group in single-primary mode, only the
primary accepts writes, so the
<a class="link" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html#isolevel_read-committed">
<code class="literal">
READ
COMMITTED
</code>
</a>
isolation level is not important to
Group Replication.
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Table Locks and Named Locks.
</b>
The certification process does not take into account table
locks (see
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
) or named locks
(see
<a class="link" href="locking-functions.html#function_get-lock">
<code class="literal">
GET_LOCK()
</code>
</a>
).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Binary Log Checksums.
</b>
Group Replication in MySQL 8.4 supports
checksums, so group members may use the default setting
<a class="link" href="replication-options-binary-log.html#sysvar_binlog_checksum">
<code class="literal">
binlog_checksum=CRC32
</code>
</a>
. The
setting for
<a class="link" href="replication-options-binary-log.html#sysvar_binlog_checksum">
<code class="literal">
binlog_checksum
</code>
</a>
does not have to be the same for all members of a group.
</p>
<p>
When checksums are available, Group Replication does not use
them to verify incoming events on the
<code class="literal">
group_replication_applier
</code>
channel, because
events are written to that relay log from multiple sources and
before they are actually written to the originating server's
binary log, which is when a checksum is generated. Checksums
are used to verify the integrity of events on the
<code class="literal">
group_replication_recovery
</code>
channel and on
any other replication channels on group members.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
SERIALIZABLE Isolation Level.
</b>
<a class="link" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html#isolevel_serializable">
<code class="literal">
SERIALIZABLE
</code>
</a>
isolation
level is not supported in multi-primary groups by default.
Setting a transaction isolation level to
<code class="literal">
SERIALIZABLE
</code>
configures Group Replication
to refuse to commit the transaction.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Concurrent DDL versus DML Operations.
</b>
Concurrent data definition statements and data manipulation
statements executing against the same object but on
different servers is not supported when using multi-primary
mode. During execution of Data Definition Language (DDL)
statements on an object, executing concurrent Data
Manipulation Language (DML) on the same object but on a
different server instance has the risk of conflicting DDL
executing on different instances not being detected.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Foreign Keys with Cascading Constraints.
</b>
Multi-primary mode groups (members all configured with
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_single_primary_mode">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_single_primary_mode=OFF
</code>
</a>
)
do not support tables with multi-level foreign key
dependencies, specifically tables that have defined
<code class="literal">
CASCADING
</code>
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_foreign_key_constraint" title="FOREIGN KEY constraint">
foreign key
constraints
</a>
. This is because foreign key constraints
that result in cascading operations executed by a
multi-primary mode group can result in undetected conflicts
and lead to inconsistent data across the members of the
group. Therefore we recommend setting
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=ON
</code>
</a>
on server instances used in multi-primary mode groups to
avoid undetected conflicts.
</p>
<p>
In single-primary mode this is not a problem as it does not
allow concurrent writes to multiple members of the group and
thus there is no risk of undetected conflicts.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Multi-primary Mode Deadlock.
</b>
When a group is operating in multi-primary mode,
<code class="literal">
SELECT .. FOR UPDATE
</code>
statements can
result in a deadlock. This is because the lock is not shared
across the members of the group, therefore the expectation
for such a statement might not be reached.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Replication Filters.
</b>
Global replication filters cannot be used on a MySQL server
instance that is configured for Group Replication, because
filtering transactions on some servers would make the group
unable to reach agreement on a consistent state. Channel
specific replication filters can be used on replication
channels that are not directly involved with Group
Replication, such as where a group member also acts as a
replica to a source that is outside the group. They cannot
be used on the
<code class="literal">
group_replication_applier
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
group_replication_recovery
</code>
channels.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Encrypted Connections.
</b>
Support for the TLSv1.3 protocol is available in MySQL,
provided that it was compiled using OpenSSL 1.1.1 or higher.
Group Replication supports TLSv1.3, where it can be used for
group communication connections and distributed recovery
connections.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_recovery_tls_version">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_recovery_tls_version
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_recovery_tls_ciphersuites">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_recovery_tls_ciphersuites
</code>
</a>
can be used to configure client support for any selection of
ciphersuites, including only non-default ciphersuites if
desired. See
<a class="xref" href="encrypted-connection-protocols-ciphers.html" title="8.3.2 Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers">
Section 8.3.2, “Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Cloning Operations.
</b>
Group Replication initiates and manages cloning operations
for distributed recovery, but group members that have been
set up to support cloning may also participate in cloning
operations that a user initiates manually. You can initiate
a cloning operation manually if the operation involves a
group member on which Group Replication is running, provided
that the cloning operation does not remove and replace the
data on the recipient. The statement to initiate the cloning
operation must therefore include the
<code class="literal">
DATA
DIRECTORY
</code>
clause if Group Replication is running.
See
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-cloning.html#group-replication-cloning-manual" title="20.5.4.2.4 Cloning for Other Purposes">
Section 20.5.4.2.4, “Cloning for Other Purposes”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="group-replication-limitations-group-size">
</a>
Limit on Group Size
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The maximum number of MySQL servers that can be members of a
single replication group is 9. If further members attempt to
join the group, their request is refused. This limit has been
identified from testing and benchmarking as a safe boundary
where the group performs reliably on a stable local area
network.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="group-replication-limitations-transaction-size">
</a>
Limits on Transaction Size
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
If an individual transaction results in message contents which
are large enough that the message cannot be copied between group
members over the network within a 5-second window, members can
be suspected of having failed, and then expelled, just because
they are busy processing the transaction. Large transactions can
also cause the system to slow due to problems with memory
allocation. To avoid these issues use the following mitigations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If unnecessary expulsions occur due to large messages, use
the system variable
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_member_expel_timeout">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_member_expel_timeout
</code>
</a>
to allow additional time before a member under suspicion of
having failed is expelled. You can allow up to an hour after
the initial 5-second detection period before a suspect
member is expelled from the group. An additional 5 seconds
is allowed by default.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Where possible, try and limit the size of your transactions
before they are handled by Group Replication. For example,
split up files used with
<code class="literal">
LOAD DATA
</code>
into
smaller chunks.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use the system variable
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_transaction_size_limit">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_transaction_size_limit
</code>
</a>
to specify a maximum transaction size that the group
accepts. The default maximum transaction size is 150000000
bytes (approximately 143 MB); transactions above this size
are rolled back and are not sent to Group Replication's
Group Communication System (GCS) for distribution to the
group. Adjust the value of this variable depending on the
maximum message size that you need the group to tolerate,
bearing in mind that the time taken to process a transaction
is proportional to its size.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use the system variable
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_compression_threshold">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_compression_threshold
</code>
</a>
to specify a message size above which compression is
applied. This system variable defaults to 1000000 bytes (1
MB), so large messages are automatically compressed.
Compression is carried out by Group Replication's Group
Communication System (GCS) when it receives a message that
was permitted by the
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_transaction_size_limit">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_transaction_size_limit
</code>
</a>
setting but exceeds the
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_compression_threshold">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_compression_threshold
</code>
</a>
setting. For more information, see
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-message-compression.html" title="20.7.4 Message Compression">
Section 20.7.4, “Message Compression”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use the system variable
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_communication_max_message_size">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_communication_max_message_size
</code>
</a>
to specify a message size above which messages are
fragmented. This system variable defaults to 10485760 bytes
(10 MiB), so large messages are automatically fragmented.
GCS carries out fragmentation after compression if the
compressed message still exceeds the
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_communication_max_message_size">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_communication_max_message_size
</code>
</a>
limit. For more information, see
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-performance-message-fragmentation.html" title="20.7.5 Message Fragmentation">
Section 20.7.5, “Message Fragmentation”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The maximum transaction size, message compression, and message
fragmentation can all be deactivated by specifying a zero value
for the relevant system variable. If you have deactivated all
these safeguards, the upper size limit for a message that can be
handled by the applier thread on a member of a replication group
is the value of the member's
<a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_max_allowed_packet">
<code class="literal">
replica_max_allowed_packet
</code>
</a>
system variable, which has a default and maximum value of
1073741824 bytes (1 GB). A message that exceeds this limit fails
when the receiving member attempts to handle it. The upper size
limit for a message that a group member can originate and
attempt to transmit to the group is 4294967295 bytes
(approximately 4 GB). This is a hard limit on the packet size
that is accepted by the group communication engine for Group
Replication (XCom, a Paxos variant), which receives messages
after GCS has handled them. A message that exceeds this limit
fails when the originating member attempts to broadcast it.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/fetch.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="fetch">
</a>
15.6.6.3 Cursor FETCH Statement
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045176132288">
</a>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa90446747"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">FETCH</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token keyword">NEXT</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token keyword"><em class="replaceable">cursor_name</em></span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> <em class="replaceable">var_name</em> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <em class="replaceable">var_name</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
This statement fetches the next row for the
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
statement associated with
the specified cursor (which must be open), and advances the
cursor pointer. If a row exists, the fetched columns are stored
in the named variables. The number of columns retrieved by the
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
statement must match the
number of output variables specified in the
<a class="link" href="fetch.html" title="15.6.6.3 Cursor FETCH Statement">
<code class="literal">
FETCH
</code>
</a>
statement.
</p>
<p>
If no more rows are available, a No Data condition occurs with
SQLSTATE value
<code class="literal">
'02000'
</code>
. To detect this
condition, you can set up a handler for it (or for a
<code class="literal">
NOT FOUND
</code>
condition). For an example, see
<a class="xref" href="cursors.html" title="15.6.6 Cursors">
Section 15.6.6, “Cursors”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Be aware that another operation, such as a
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
or another
<code class="literal">
FETCH
</code>
,
may also cause the handler to execute by raising the same
condition. If it is necessary to distinguish which operation
raised the condition, place the operation within its own
<a class="link" href="begin-end.html" title="15.6.1 BEGIN ... END Compound Statement">
<code class="literal">
BEGIN ...
END
</code>
</a>
block so that it can be associated with its own
handler.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-index-columns.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-index-columns">
</a>
25.6.17.40 The ndbinfo index_columns Table
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045089129056">
</a>
<p>
This table provides information about indexes on
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
tables. The columns of the
<code class="literal">
index_columns
</code>
table are listed here, along
with brief descriptions:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
table_id
</code>
</p>
<p>
Unique ID of the
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
table for which the
index is defined
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Name of the database containing this table
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
varchar(64)
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
table_name
</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
index_object_id
</code>
</p>
<p>
Object ID of this index
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
index_name
</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the index; if the index is not named, the name of
the first column in the index is used
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
index_type
</code>
</p>
<p>
Type of index; normally this is 3 (unique hash index) or 6
(ordered index); the values are the same as those in the
<code class="literal">
type_id
</code>
column of the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-dict-obj-types.html" title="25.6.17.27 The ndbinfo dict_obj_types Table">
<code class="literal">
dict_obj_types
</code>
</a>
table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
status
</code>
</p>
<p>
One of
<code class="literal">
new
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
changed
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
retrieved
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
invalid
</code>
, or
<code class="literal">
altered
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
columns
</code>
</p>
<p>
A comma-delimited list of columns making up the index
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/buffering-caching.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="buffering-caching">
</a>
10.10 Buffering and Caching
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="innodb-buffer-pool-optimization.html">
10.10.1 InnoDB Buffer Pool Optimization
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="myisam-key-cache.html">
10.10.2 The MyISAM Key Cache
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="statement-caching.html">
10.10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<p>
MySQL uses several strategies that cache information in memory
buffers to increase performance.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/creating-spatial-columns.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="creating-spatial-columns">
</a>
13.4.6 Creating Spatial Columns
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
MySQL provides a standard way of creating spatial columns for
geometry types, for example, with
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
TABLE
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
</code>
</a>
.
Spatial columns are supported for
<a class="link" href="myisam-storage-engine.html" title="18.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="innodb-storage-engine.html" title="Chapter 17 The InnoDB Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
</a>
tables. See also the notes
about spatial indexes under
<a class="xref" href="creating-spatial-indexes.html" title="13.4.10 Creating Spatial Indexes">
Section 13.4.10, “Creating Spatial Indexes”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Columns with a spatial data type can have an SRID attribute, to
explicitly indicate the spatial reference system (SRS) for
values stored in the column. For implications of an
SRID-restricted column, see
<a class="xref" href="spatial-type-overview.html" title="13.4.1 Spatial Data Types">
Section 13.4.1, “Spatial Data Types”
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use the
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement to create a table with a spatial column:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa71104177"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> geom <span class="token punctuation">(</span>g <span class="token keyword">GEOMETRY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use the
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement
to add or drop a spatial column to or from an existing
table:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa15006441"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> geom <span class="token keyword">ADD</span> pt <span class="token keyword">POINT</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> geom <span class="token keyword">DROP</span> pt<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/sql-data-definition-statements.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="sql-data-definition-statements">
</a>
15.1 Data Definition Statements
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="atomic-ddl.html">
15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="alter-database.html">
15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="alter-event.html">
15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="alter-function.html">
15.1.4 ALTER FUNCTION Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="alter-instance.html">
15.1.5 ALTER INSTANCE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="alter-logfile-group.html">
15.1.6 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="alter-procedure.html">
15.1.7 ALTER PROCEDURE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="alter-server.html">
15.1.8 ALTER SERVER Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="alter-table.html">
15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="alter-tablespace.html">
15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="alter-view.html">
15.1.11 ALTER VIEW Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-database.html">
15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-event.html">
15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-function.html">
15.1.14 CREATE FUNCTION Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-index.html">
15.1.15 CREATE INDEX Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-logfile-group.html">
15.1.16 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-procedure.html">
15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-server.html">
15.1.18 CREATE SERVER Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-spatial-reference-system.html">
15.1.19 CREATE SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-table.html">
15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-tablespace.html">
15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-trigger.html">
15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="create-view.html">
15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-database.html">
15.1.24 DROP DATABASE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-event.html">
15.1.25 DROP EVENT Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-function.html">
15.1.26 DROP FUNCTION Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-index.html">
15.1.27 DROP INDEX Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-logfile-group.html">
15.1.28 DROP LOGFILE GROUP Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-procedure.html">
15.1.29 DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Statements
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-server.html">
15.1.30 DROP SERVER Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-spatial-reference-system.html">
15.1.31 DROP SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-table.html">
15.1.32 DROP TABLE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-tablespace.html">
15.1.33 DROP TABLESPACE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-trigger.html">
15.1.34 DROP TRIGGER Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="drop-view.html">
15.1.35 DROP VIEW Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="rename-table.html">
15.1.36 RENAME TABLE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="truncate-table.html">
15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045190238832">
</a>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/database-use.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="database-use">
</a>
5.3 Creating and Using a Database
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="creating-database.html">
5.3.1 Creating and Selecting a Database
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="creating-tables.html">
5.3.2 Creating a Table
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="loading-tables.html">
5.3.3 Loading Data into a Table
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="retrieving-data.html">
5.3.4 Retrieving Information from a Table
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045325519600">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045325518144">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045325516656">
</a>
<p>
Once you know how to enter SQL statements, you are ready to access
a database.
</p>
<p>
Suppose that you have several pets in your home (your menagerie)
and you would like to keep track of various types of information
about them. You can do so by creating tables to hold your data and
loading them with the desired information. Then you can answer
different sorts of questions about your animals by retrieving data
from the tables. This section shows you how to perform the
following operations:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create a database
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create a table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Load data into the table
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Retrieve data from the table in various ways
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use multiple tables
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The menagerie database is simple (deliberately), but it is not
difficult to think of real-world situations in which a similar
type of database might be used. For example, a database like this
could be used by a farmer to keep track of livestock, or by a
veterinarian to keep track of patient records. A menagerie
distribution containing some of the queries and sample data used
in the following sections can be obtained from the MySQL website.
It is available in both compressed
<span class="command">
<strong>
tar
</strong>
</span>
file and
Zip formats at
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/" target="_top">
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Use the
<a class="link" href="show.html" title="15.7.7 SHOW Statements">
<code class="literal">
SHOW
</code>
</a>
statement to find out
what databases currently exist on the server:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa8976653"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">DATABASES</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Database <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> mysql <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> test <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> tmp <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
mysql
</code>
database describes user access
privileges. The
<code class="literal">
test
</code>
database often is
available as a workspace for users to try things out.
</p>
<p>
The list of databases displayed by the statement may be different
on your machine;
<a class="link" href="show-databases.html" title="15.7.7.15 SHOW DATABASES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW DATABASES
</code>
</a>
does not show databases that you have no privileges for if you do
not have the
<a class="link" href="show-databases.html" title="15.7.7.15 SHOW DATABASES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW DATABASES
</code>
</a>
privilege. See
<a class="xref" href="show-databases.html" title="15.7.7.15 SHOW DATABASES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.15, “SHOW DATABASES Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
If the
<code class="literal">
test
</code>
database exists, try to access it:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa22670523"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">USE</span> test
<span class="token keyword">Database</span> <span class="token keyword">changed</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<a class="link" href="use.html" title="15.8.4 USE Statement">
<code class="literal">
USE
</code>
</a>
, like
<code class="literal">
QUIT
</code>
,
does not require a semicolon. (You can terminate such statements
with a semicolon if you like; it does no harm.) The
<a class="link" href="use.html" title="15.8.4 USE Statement">
<code class="literal">
USE
</code>
</a>
statement is special in another
way, too: it must be given on a single line.
</p>
<p>
You can use the
<code class="literal">
test
</code>
database (if you have
access to it) for the examples that follow, but anything you
create in that database can be removed by anyone else with access
to it. For this reason, you should probably ask your MySQL
administrator for permission to use a database of your own.
Suppose that you want to call yours
<code class="literal">
menagerie
</code>
.
The administrator needs to execute a statement like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa38846998"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span> <span class="token keyword">ON</span> menagerie<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'your_mysql_name'</span>@<span class="token string">'your_client_host'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
where
<code class="literal">
your_mysql_name
</code>
is the MySQL user name
assigned to you and
<code class="literal">
your_client_host
</code>
is the
host from which you connect to the server.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/pam-pluggable-authentication.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="pam-pluggable-authentication">
</a>
8.4.1.5 PAM Pluggable Authentication
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045245922480">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045245921376">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045245919888">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045245918416">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045245916944">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045245915856">
</a>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
PAM pluggable authentication is an extension included in
MySQL Enterprise Edition, a commercial product. To learn more about commercial
products, see
<a class="ulink" href="https://www.mysql.com/products/" target="_blank">
https://www.mysql.com/products/
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<p>
MySQL Enterprise Edition supports an authentication method that enables MySQL
Server to use PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) to
authenticate MySQL users. PAM enables a system to use a standard
interface to access various kinds of authentication methods,
such as traditional Unix passwords or an LDAP directory.
</p>
<p>
PAM pluggable authentication provides these capabilities:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
External authentication: PAM authentication enables MySQL
Server to accept connections from users defined outside the
MySQL grant tables and that authenticate using methods
supported by PAM.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Proxy user support: PAM authentication can return to MySQL a
user name different from the external user name passed by
the client program, based on the PAM groups the external
user is a member of and the authentication string provided.
This means that the plugin can return the MySQL user that
defines the privileges the external PAM-authenticated user
should have. For example, an operating system user named
<code class="literal">
joe
</code>
can connect and have the privileges
of a MySQL user named
<code class="literal">
developer
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
PAM pluggable authentication has been tested on Linux and macOS;
note that Windows does not support PAM.
</p>
<p>
The following table shows the plugin and library file names. The
file name suffix might differ on your system. The file must be
located in the directory named by the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_plugin_dir">
<code class="literal">
plugin_dir
</code>
</a>
system variable. For
installation information, see
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-pluggable-authentication-installation" title="Installing PAM Pluggable Authentication">
Installing PAM Pluggable Authentication
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="idm46045245904016">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Table 8.18 Plugin and Library Names for PAM Authentication
</b>
</p>
<div class="table-contents">
<table summary="Names for the plugins and library file used for PAM password authentication.">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
Plugin or File
</th>
<th>
Plugin or File Name
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
Server-side plugin
</td>
<td>
<code class="literal">
authentication_pam
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Client-side plugin
</td>
<td>
<code class="literal">
mysql_clear_password
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Library file
</td>
<td>
<code class="filename">
authentication_pam.so
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"/>
<p>
The client-side
<code class="literal">
mysql_clear_password
</code>
cleartext plugin that communicates with the server-side PAM
plugin is built into the
<code class="literal">
libmysqlclient
</code>
client library and is included in all distributions, including
community distributions. Inclusion of the client-side cleartext
plugin in all MySQL distributions enables clients from any
distribution to connect to a server that has the server-side PAM
plugin loaded.
</p>
<p>
The following sections provide installation and usage
information specific to PAM pluggable authentication:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-pluggable-authentication-process" title="How PAM Authentication of MySQL Users Works">
How PAM Authentication of MySQL Users Works
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-pluggable-authentication-installation" title="Installing PAM Pluggable Authentication">
Installing PAM Pluggable Authentication
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-pluggable-authentication-uninstallation" title="Uninstalling PAM Pluggable Authentication">
Uninstalling PAM Pluggable Authentication
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-pluggable-authentication-usage" title="Using PAM Pluggable Authentication">
Using PAM Pluggable Authentication
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-authentication-unix-without-proxy" title="PAM Unix Password Authentication without Proxy Users">
PAM Unix Password Authentication without Proxy Users
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-authentication-ldap-without-proxy" title="PAM LDAP Authentication without Proxy Users">
PAM LDAP Authentication without Proxy Users
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-authentication-unix-with-proxy" title="PAM Unix Password Authentication with Proxy Users and Group Mapping">
PAM Unix Password Authentication with Proxy Users and Group Mapping
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-authentication-unix-password-store" title="PAM Authentication Access to Unix Password Store">
PAM Authentication Access to Unix Password Store
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-pluggable-authentication-debugging" title="PAM Authentication Debugging">
PAM Authentication Debugging
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
For general information about pluggable authentication in MySQL,
see
<a class="xref" href="pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.2.17 Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.2.17, “Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
. For information
about the
<code class="literal">
mysql_clear_password
</code>
plugin, see
<a class="xref" href="cleartext-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.4 Client-Side Cleartext Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.4, “Client-Side Cleartext Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
. For proxy
user information, see
<a class="xref" href="proxy-users.html" title="8.2.19 Proxy Users">
Section 8.2.19, “Proxy Users”
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="pam-pluggable-authentication-process">
</a>
How PAM Authentication of MySQL Users Works
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
This section provides an overview of how MySQL and PAM work
together to authenticate MySQL users. For examples showing how
to set up MySQL accounts to use specific PAM services, see
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-pluggable-authentication-usage" title="Using PAM Pluggable Authentication">
Using PAM Pluggable Authentication
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The client program and the server communicate, with the
client sending to the server the client user name (the
operating system user name by default) and password:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The client user name is the external user name.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For accounts that use the PAM server-side
authentication plugin, the corresponding client-side
plugin is
<code class="literal">
mysql_clear_password
</code>
.
This client-side plugin performs no password hashing,
with the result that the client sends the password to
the server as cleartext.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The server finds a matching MySQL account based on the
external user name and the host from which the client
connects. The PAM plugin uses the information passed to it
by MySQL Server (such as user name, host name, password,
and authentication string). When you define a MySQL
account that authenticates using PAM, the authentication
string contains:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
A PAM service name, which is a name that the system
administrator can use to refer to an authentication
method for a particular application. There can be
multiple applications associated with a single
database server instance, so the choice of service
name is left to the SQL application developer.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Optionally, if proxying is to be used, a mapping from
PAM groups to MySQL user names.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The plugin uses the PAM service named in the
authentication string to check the user credentials and
returns
<code class="literal">
'Authentication succeeded, Username is
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
user_name
</code>
</em>
'
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
'Authentication failed'
</code>
. The password
must be appropriate for the password store used by the PAM
service. Examples:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For traditional Unix passwords, the service looks up
passwords stored in the
<code class="filename">
/etc/shadow
</code>
file.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For LDAP, the service looks up passwords stored in an
LDAP directory.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
If the credentials check fails, the server refuses the
connection.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Otherwise, the authentication string indicates whether
proxying occurs. If the string contains no PAM group
mapping, proxying does not occur. In this case, the MySQL
user name is the same as the external user name.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Otherwise, proxying is indicated based on the PAM group
mapping, with the MySQL user name determined based on the
first matching group in the mapping list. The meaning of
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
PAM group
</span>
”
</span>
depends on the PAM service.
Examples:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For traditional Unix passwords, groups are Unix groups
defined in the
<code class="filename">
/etc/group
</code>
file,
possibly supplemented with additional PAM information
in a file such as
<code class="filename">
/etc/security/group.conf
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For LDAP, groups are LDAP groups defined in an LDAP
directory.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
If the proxy user (the external user) has the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_proxy">
<code class="literal">
PROXY
</code>
</a>
privilege for the
proxied MySQL user name, proxying occurs, with the proxy
user assuming the privileges of the proxied user.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="pam-pluggable-authentication-installation">
</a>
Installing PAM Pluggable Authentication
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
This section describes how to install the server-side PAM
authentication plugin. For general information about
installing plugins, see
<a class="xref" href="plugin-loading.html" title="7.6.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins">
Section 7.6.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Plugins”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
To be usable by the server, the plugin library file must be
located in the MySQL plugin directory (the directory named by
the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_plugin_dir">
<code class="literal">
plugin_dir
</code>
</a>
system
variable). If necessary, configure the plugin directory
location by setting the value of
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_plugin_dir">
<code class="literal">
plugin_dir
</code>
</a>
at server startup.
</p>
<p>
The plugin library file base name is
<code class="literal">
authentication_pam
</code>
, and is typically
compiled with the
<code class="filename">
.so
</code>
suffix.
</p>
<p>
To load the plugin at server startup, use the
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load-add">
<code class="option">
--plugin-load-add
</code>
</a>
option to
name the library file that contains it. With this
plugin-loading method, the option must be given each time the
server starts. For example, put these lines in the server
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
file:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-ini"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa21007739"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-ini"><span class="token selector">[mysqld]</span>
<span class="token constant">plugin-load-add</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>authentication_pam.so</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
After modifying
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
, restart the
server to cause the new settings to take effect.
</p>
<p>
Alternatively, to load the plugin at runtime, use this
statement, adjusting the
<code class="filename">
.so
</code>
suffix as
necessary:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa17443386"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">INSTALL</span> <span class="token keyword">PLUGIN</span> authentication_pam <span class="token keyword">SONAME</span> <span class="token string">'authentication_pam.so'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<a class="link" href="install-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.4 INSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSTALL PLUGIN
</code>
</a>
loads the plugin
immediately, and also registers it in the
<code class="literal">
mysql.plugins
</code>
system table to cause the
server to load it for each subsequent normal startup without
the need for
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load-add">
<code class="option">
--plugin-load-add
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
To verify plugin installation, examine the Information Schema
<a class="link" href="information-schema-plugins-table.html" title="28.3.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table">
<code class="literal">
PLUGINS
</code>
</a>
table or use the
<a class="link" href="show-plugins.html" title="15.7.7.27 SHOW PLUGINS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW PLUGINS
</code>
</a>
statement (see
<a class="xref" href="obtaining-plugin-information.html" title="7.6.2 Obtaining Server Plugin Information">
Section 7.6.2, “Obtaining Server Plugin Information”
</a>
). For example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa65399954"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> PLUGIN_NAME<span class="token punctuation">,</span> PLUGIN_STATUS
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">PLUGINS</span>
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> PLUGIN_NAME <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'%pam%'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> PLUGIN_NAME <span class="token punctuation">|</span> PLUGIN_STATUS <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> authentication_pam <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ACTIVE <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If the plugin fails to initialize, check the server error log
for diagnostic messages.
</p>
<p>
To associate MySQL accounts with the PAM plugin, see
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-pluggable-authentication-usage" title="Using PAM Pluggable Authentication">
Using PAM Pluggable Authentication
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="pam-pluggable-authentication-uninstallation">
</a>
Uninstalling PAM Pluggable Authentication
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The method used to uninstall the PAM authentication plugin
depends on how you installed it:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If you installed the plugin at server startup using a
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_plugin-load-add">
<code class="option">
--plugin-load-add
</code>
</a>
option,
restart the server without the option.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If you installed the plugin at runtime using an
<a class="link" href="install-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.4 INSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSTALL PLUGIN
</code>
</a>
statement,
it remains installed across server restarts. To uninstall
it, use
<a class="link" href="uninstall-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.6 UNINSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
<code class="literal">
UNINSTALL PLUGIN
</code>
</a>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa2298923"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">UNINSTALL</span> <span class="token keyword">PLUGIN</span> authentication_pam<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="pam-pluggable-authentication-usage">
</a>
Using PAM Pluggable Authentication
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
This section describes in general terms how to use the PAM
authentication plugin to connect from MySQL client programs to
the server. The following sections provide instructions for
using PAM authentication in specific ways. It is assumed that
the server is running with the server-side PAM plugin enabled,
as described in
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-pluggable-authentication-installation" title="Installing PAM Pluggable Authentication">
Installing PAM Pluggable Authentication
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
To refer to the PAM authentication plugin in the
<code class="literal">
IDENTIFIED WITH
</code>
clause of a
<a class="link" href="create-user.html" title="15.7.1.3 CREATE USER Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE USER
</code>
</a>
statement, use the
name
<code class="literal">
authentication_pam
</code>
. For example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa98283200"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token keyword"><em class="replaceable">user</em></span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> authentication_pam
<span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">auth_string</em>'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The authentication string specifies the following types of
information:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The PAM service name (see
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-pluggable-authentication-process" title="How PAM Authentication of MySQL Users Works">
How PAM Authentication of MySQL Users Works
</a>
).
Examples in the following discussion use a service name of
<code class="literal">
mysql-unix
</code>
for authentication using
traditional Unix passwords, and
<code class="literal">
mysql-ldap
</code>
for authentication using
LDAP.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For proxy support, PAM provides a way for a PAM module to
return to the server a MySQL user name other than the
external user name passed by the client program when it
connects to the server. Use the authentication string to
control the mapping from external user names to MySQL user
names. If you want to take advantage of proxy user
capabilities, the authentication string must include this
kind of mapping.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
For example, if an account uses the
<code class="literal">
mysql-unix
</code>
PAM service name and should map
operating system users in the
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
users
</code>
PAM groups to the
<code class="literal">
developer
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
data_entry
</code>
MySQL users, respectively, use a statement like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa8530724"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token keyword"><em class="replaceable">user</em></span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> authentication_pam
<span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'mysql-unix, root=developer, users=data_entry'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Authentication string syntax for the PAM authentication plugin
follows these rules:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The string consists of a PAM service name, optionally
followed by a PAM group mapping list consisting of one or
more keyword/value pairs each specifying a PAM group name
and a MySQL user name:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa39685423"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none"><em class="replaceable">pam_service_name</em>[,<em class="replaceable">pam_group_name</em>=<em class="replaceable">mysql_user_name</em>]...</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The plugin parses the authentication string for each
connection attempt that uses the account. To minimize
overhead, keep the string as short as possible.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Each
<code class="literal">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
pam_group_name
</code>
</em>
=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
mysql_user_name
</code>
</em>
</code>
pair must be preceded by a comma.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Leading and trailing spaces not inside double quotation
marks are ignored.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Unquoted
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
pam_service_name
</code>
</em>
,
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
pam_group_name
</code>
</em>
, and
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
mysql_user_name
</code>
</em>
values can
contain anything except equal sign, comma, or space.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If a
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
pam_service_name
</code>
</em>
,
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
pam_group_name
</code>
</em>
, or
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
mysql_user_name
</code>
</em>
value is quoted
with double quotation marks, everything between the
quotation marks is part of the value. This is necessary,
for example, if the value contains space characters. All
characters are legal except double quotation mark and
backslash (
<code class="literal">
\
</code>
). To include either
character, escape it with a backslash.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
If the plugin successfully authenticates the external user
name (the name passed by the client), it looks for a PAM group
mapping list in the authentication string and, if present,
uses it to return a different MySQL user name to the MySQL
server based on which PAM groups the external user is a member
of:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If the authentication string contains no PAM group mapping
list, the plugin returns the external name.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If the authentication string does contain a PAM group
mapping list, the plugin examines each
<code class="literal">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
pam_group_name
</code>
</em>
=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
mysql_user_name
</code>
</em>
</code>
pair in the list from left to right and tries to find a
match for the
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
pam_group_name
</code>
</em>
value in a non-MySQL directory of the groups assigned to
the authenticated user and returns
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
mysql_user_name
</code>
</em>
for the first
match it finds. If the plugin finds no match for any PAM
group, it returns the external name. If the plugin is not
capable of looking up a group in a directory, it ignores
the PAM group mapping list and returns the external name.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The following sections describe how to set up several
authentication scenarios that use the PAM authentication
plugin:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
No proxy users. This uses PAM only to check login names
and passwords. Every external user permitted to connect to
MySQL Server should have a matching MySQL account that is
defined to use PAM authentication. (For a MySQL account of
<code class="literal">
'
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
user_name
</code>
</em>
'@'
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
host_name
</code>
</em>
'
</code>
to match the external user,
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
user_name
</code>
</em>
must be the external
user name and
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
host_name
</code>
</em>
must
match the host from which the client connects.)
Authentication can be performed by various PAM-supported
methods. Later discussion shows how to authenticate client
credentials using traditional Unix passwords, and
passwords in LDAP.
</p>
<p>
PAM authentication, when not done through proxy users or
PAM groups, requires the MySQL user name to be same as the
operating system user name. MySQL user names are limited
to 32 characters (see
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
),
which limits PAM nonproxy authentication to Unix accounts
with names of at most 32 characters.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Proxy users only, with PAM group mapping. For this
scenario, create one or more MySQL accounts that define
different sets of privileges. (Ideally, nobody should
connect using those accounts directly.) Then define a
default user authenticating through PAM that uses some
mapping scheme (usually based on the external PAM groups
the users are members of) to map all the external user
names to the few MySQL accounts holding the privilege
sets. Any client who connects and specifies an external
user name as the client user name is mapped to one of the
MySQL accounts and uses its privileges. The discussion
shows how to set this up using traditional Unix passwords,
but other PAM methods such as LDAP could be used instead.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Variations on these scenarios are possible:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
You can permit some users to log in directly (without
proxying) but require others to connect through proxy
accounts.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
You can use one PAM authentication method for some users,
and another method for other users, by using differing PAM
service names among your PAM-authenticated accounts. For
example, you can use the
<code class="literal">
mysql-unix
</code>
PAM
service for some users, and
<code class="literal">
mysql-ldap
</code>
for others.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The examples make the following assumptions. You might need to
make some adjustments if your system is set up differently.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The login name and password are
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
and
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
antonio_password
</code>
</em>
,
respectively. Change these to correspond to the user you
want to authenticate.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The PAM configuration directory is
<code class="filename">
/etc/pam.d
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The PAM service name corresponds to the authentication
method (
<code class="literal">
mysql-unix
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
mysql-ldap
</code>
in this discussion). To use
a given PAM service, you must set up a PAM file with the
same name in the PAM configuration directory (creating the
file if it does not exist). In addition, you must name the
PAM service in the authentication string of the
<a class="link" href="create-user.html" title="15.7.1.3 CREATE USER Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE USER
</code>
</a>
statement for
any account that authenticates using that PAM service.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The PAM authentication plugin checks at initialization time
whether the
<code class="literal">
AUTHENTICATION_PAM_LOG
</code>
environment value is set in the server's startup
environment. If so, the plugin enables logging of diagnostic
messages to the standard output. Depending on how your server
is started, the message might appear on the console or in the
error log. These messages can be helpful for debugging
PAM-related issues that occur when the plugin performs
authentication. For more information, see
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-pluggable-authentication-debugging" title="PAM Authentication Debugging">
PAM Authentication Debugging
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="pam-authentication-unix-without-proxy">
</a>
PAM Unix Password Authentication without Proxy Users
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
This authentication scenario uses PAM to check external users
defined in terms of operating system user names and Unix
passwords, without proxying. Every such external user
permitted to connect to MySQL Server should have a matching
MySQL account that is defined to use PAM authentication
through traditional Unix password store.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Traditional Unix passwords are checked using the
<code class="filename">
/etc/shadow
</code>
file. For information
regarding possible issues related to this file, see
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-authentication-unix-password-store" title="PAM Authentication Access to Unix Password Store">
PAM Authentication Access to Unix Password Store
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Verify that Unix authentication permits logins to the
operating system with the user name
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
and password
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
antonio_password
</code>
</em>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Set up PAM to authenticate MySQL connections using
traditional Unix passwords by creating a
<code class="literal">
mysql-unix
</code>
PAM service file named
<code class="filename">
/etc/pam.d/mysql-unix
</code>
. The file
contents are system dependent, so check existing
login-related files in the
<code class="filename">
/etc/pam.d
</code>
directory to see what they look like. On Linux, the
<code class="filename">
mysql-unix
</code>
file might look like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa7144015"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">#%PAM-1.0
auth include password-auth
account include password-auth</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For macOS, use
<code class="literal">
login
</code>
rather than
<code class="literal">
password-auth
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
The PAM file format might differ on some systems. For
example, on Ubuntu and other Debian-based systems, use
these file contents instead:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa28642813"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session-noninteractive</code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create a MySQL account with the same user name as the
operating system user name and define it to authenticate
using the PAM plugin and the
<code class="literal">
mysql-unix
</code>
PAM service:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa56714795"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'antonio'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> authentication_pam
<span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'mysql-unix'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIVILEGES</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> mydb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'antonio'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Here, the authentication string contains only the PAM
service name,
<code class="literal">
mysql-unix
</code>
, which
authenticates Unix passwords.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
command-line client to
connect to the MySQL server as
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
.
For example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa49397572"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysql</span> <span class="token constant">--user</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>antonio</span> <span class="token property">--password</span> <span class="token property">--enable-cleartext-plugin</span>
Enter password<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <em class="replaceable">antonio_password</em></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The server should permit the connection and the following
query returns output as shown:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa91031957"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">USER</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@@proxy_user</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> USER() <span class="token punctuation">|</span> CURRENT_USER() <span class="token punctuation">|</span> @@proxy_user <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> antonio@localhost <span class="token punctuation">|</span> antonio@localhost <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NULL <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
This demonstrates that the
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
operating system user is authenticated to have the
privileges granted to the
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
MySQL
user, and that no proxying has occurred.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
The client-side
<code class="literal">
mysql_clear_password
</code>
authentication plugin leaves the password untouched, so
client programs send it to the MySQL server as cleartext.
This enables the password to be passed as is to PAM. A
cleartext password is necessary to use the server-side PAM
library, but may be a security problem in some
configurations. These measures minimize the risk:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To make inadvertent use of the
<code class="literal">
mysql_clear_password
</code>
plugin less
likely, MySQL clients must explicitly enable it (for
example, with the
<code class="option">
--enable-cleartext-plugin
</code>
option). See
<a class="xref" href="cleartext-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.4 Client-Side Cleartext Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.4, “Client-Side Cleartext Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To avoid password exposure with the
<code class="literal">
mysql_clear_password
</code>
plugin enabled,
MySQL clients should connect to the MySQL server using
an encrypted connection. See
<a class="xref" href="using-encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3.1, “Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="pam-authentication-ldap-without-proxy">
</a>
PAM LDAP Authentication without Proxy Users
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
This authentication scenario uses PAM to check external users
defined in terms of operating system user names and LDAP
passwords, without proxying. Every such external user
permitted to connect to MySQL Server should have a matching
MySQL account that is defined to use PAM authentication
through LDAP.
</p>
<p>
To use PAM LDAP pluggable authentication for MySQL, these
prerequisites must be satisfied:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
An LDAP server must be available for the PAM LDAP service
to communicate with.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Each LDAP user to be authenticated by MySQL must be
present in the directory managed by the LDAP server.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Another way to use LDAP for MySQL user authentication is to
use the LDAP-specific authentication plugins. See
<a class="xref" href="ldap-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.7 LDAP Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.7, “LDAP Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Configure MySQL for PAM LDAP authentication as follows:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Verify that Unix authentication permits logins to the
operating system with the user name
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
and password
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
antonio_password
</code>
</em>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Set up PAM to authenticate MySQL connections using LDAP by
creating a
<code class="literal">
mysql-ldap
</code>
PAM service file
named
<code class="filename">
/etc/pam.d/mysql-ldap
</code>
. The file
contents are system dependent, so check existing
login-related files in the
<code class="filename">
/etc/pam.d
</code>
directory to see what they look like. On Linux, the
<code class="filename">
mysql-ldap
</code>
file might look like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa98145848"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">#%PAM-1.0
auth required pam_ldap.so
account required pam_ldap.so</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If PAM object files have a suffix different from
<code class="filename">
.so
</code>
on your system, substitute the
correct suffix.
</p>
<p>
The PAM file format might differ on some systems.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create a MySQL account with the same user name as the
operating system user name and define it to authenticate
using the PAM plugin and the
<code class="literal">
mysql-ldap
</code>
PAM service:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa38365859"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'antonio'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> authentication_pam
<span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'mysql-ldap'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIVILEGES</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> mydb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'antonio'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Here, the authentication string contains only the PAM
service name,
<code class="literal">
mysql-ldap
</code>
, which
authenticates using LDAP.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Connecting to the server is the same as described in
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-authentication-unix-without-proxy" title="PAM Unix Password Authentication without Proxy Users">
PAM Unix Password Authentication without Proxy Users
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="pam-authentication-unix-with-proxy">
</a>
PAM Unix Password Authentication with Proxy Users and Group Mapping
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045245691600">
</a>
<p>
The authentication scheme described here uses proxying and PAM
group mapping to map connecting MySQL users who authenticate
using PAM onto other MySQL accounts that define different sets
of privileges. Users do not connect directly through the
accounts that define the privileges. Instead, they connect
through a default proxy account authenticated using PAM, such
that all the external users are mapped to the MySQL accounts
that hold the privileges. Any user who connects using the
proxy account is mapped to one of those MySQL accounts, the
privileges for which determine the database operations
permitted to the external user.
</p>
<p>
The procedure shown here uses Unix password authentication. To
use LDAP instead, see the early steps of
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-authentication-ldap-without-proxy" title="PAM LDAP Authentication without Proxy Users">
PAM LDAP Authentication without Proxy Users
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Traditional Unix passwords are checked using the
<code class="filename">
/etc/shadow
</code>
file. For information
regarding possible issues related to this file, see
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html#pam-authentication-unix-password-store" title="PAM Authentication Access to Unix Password Store">
PAM Authentication Access to Unix Password Store
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Verify that Unix authentication permits logins to the
operating system with the user name
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
and password
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
antonio_password
</code>
</em>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Verify that
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
is a member of the
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
users
</code>
PAM
group.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Set up PAM to authenticate the
<code class="literal">
mysql-unix
</code>
PAM service through
operating system users by creating a file named
<code class="filename">
/etc/pam.d/mysql-unix
</code>
. The file
contents are system dependent, so check existing
login-related files in the
<code class="filename">
/etc/pam.d
</code>
directory to see what they look like. On Linux, the
<code class="filename">
mysql-unix
</code>
file might look like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa11278410"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">#%PAM-1.0
auth include password-auth
account include password-auth</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For macOS, use
<code class="literal">
login
</code>
rather than
<code class="literal">
password-auth
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
The PAM file format might differ on some systems. For
example, on Ubuntu and other Debian-based systems, use
these file contents instead:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa79796550"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session-noninteractive</code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create a default proxy user (
<code class="literal">
''@''
</code>
)
that maps external PAM users to the proxied accounts:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa73607295"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">''</span>@<span class="token string">''</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> authentication_pam
<span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'mysql-unix, root=developer, users=data_entry'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Here, the authentication string contains the PAM service
name,
<code class="literal">
mysql-unix
</code>
, which authenticates
Unix passwords. The authentication string also maps
external users in the
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
users
</code>
PAM groups to the
<code class="literal">
developer
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
data_entry
</code>
MySQL user names,
respectively.
</p>
<p>
The PAM group mapping list following the PAM service name
is required when you set up proxy users. Otherwise, the
plugin cannot tell how to perform mapping from external
user names to the proper proxied MySQL user names.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
If your MySQL installation has anonymous users, they
might conflict with the default proxy user. For more
information about this issue, and ways of dealing with
it, see
<a class="xref" href="proxy-users.html#proxy-users-conflicts" title="Default Proxy User and Anonymous User Conflicts">
Default Proxy User and Anonymous User Conflicts
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create the proxied accounts and grant to each one the
privileges it should have:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa69174406"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'developer'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> mysql_no_login<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'data_entry'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> mysql_no_login<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIVILEGES</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> mydevdb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'developer'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">ALL</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIVILEGES</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> mydb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">'data_entry'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The proxied accounts use the
<code class="literal">
mysql_no_login
</code>
authentication plugin to
prevent clients from using the accounts to log in directly
to the MySQL server. Instead, users who authenticate using
PAM are expected to use the
<code class="literal">
developer
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
data_entry
</code>
account by proxy based on
their PAM group. (This assumes that the plugin is
installed. For instructions, see
<a class="xref" href="no-login-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.9 No-Login Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.9, “No-Login Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
.) For
alternative methods of protecting proxied accounts against
direct use, see
<a class="xref" href="proxy-users.html#preventing-proxied-account-direct-login" title="Preventing Direct Login to Proxied Accounts">
Preventing Direct Login to Proxied Accounts
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Grant to the proxy account the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_proxy">
<code class="literal">
PROXY
</code>
</a>
privilege for each
proxied account:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa85416876"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">PROXY</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token string">'developer'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">''</span>@<span class="token string">''</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">GRANT</span> <span class="token keyword">PROXY</span>
<span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token string">'data_entry'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>
<span class="token keyword">TO</span> <span class="token string">''</span>@<span class="token string">''</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Use the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
command-line client to
connect to the MySQL server as
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa75309702"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysql</span> <span class="token constant">--user</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>antonio</span> <span class="token property">--password</span> <span class="token property">--enable-cleartext-plugin</span>
Enter password<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <em class="replaceable">antonio_password</em></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The server authenticates the connection using the default
<code class="literal">
''@''
</code>
proxy account. The resulting
privileges for
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
depend on which
PAM groups
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
is a member of. If
<code class="option">
antonio
</code>
is a member of the
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
PAM group, the PAM plugin maps
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
to the
<code class="literal">
developer
</code>
MySQL user name and returns
that name to the server. The server verifies that
<code class="literal">
''@''
</code>
has the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_proxy">
<code class="literal">
PROXY
</code>
</a>
privilege for
<code class="literal">
developer
</code>
and permits the connection.
The following query returns output as shown:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa76733147"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">USER</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@@proxy_user</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> USER() <span class="token punctuation">|</span> CURRENT_USER() <span class="token punctuation">|</span> @@proxy_user <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> antonio@localhost <span class="token punctuation">|</span> developer@localhost <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ''@'' <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
This demonstrates that the
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
operating system user is authenticated to have the
privileges granted to the
<code class="literal">
developer
</code>
MySQL user, and that proxying occurs through the default
proxy account.
</p>
<p>
If
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
is not a member of the
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
PAM group but is a member of the
<code class="literal">
users
</code>
PAM group, a similar process
occurs, but the plugin maps
<code class="literal">
user
</code>
PAM
group membership to the
<code class="literal">
data_entry
</code>
MySQL user name and returns that name to the server:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa45060805"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">USER</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">CURRENT_USER</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">@@proxy_user</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> USER() <span class="token punctuation">|</span> CURRENT_USER() <span class="token punctuation">|</span> @@proxy_user <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> antonio@localhost <span class="token punctuation">|</span> data_entry@localhost <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ''@'' <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
This demonstrates that the
<code class="literal">
antonio
</code>
operating system user is authenticated to have the
privileges of the
<code class="literal">
data_entry
</code>
MySQL
user, and that proxying occurs through the default proxy
account.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
The client-side
<code class="literal">
mysql_clear_password
</code>
authentication plugin leaves the password untouched, so
client programs send it to the MySQL server as cleartext.
This enables the password to be passed as is to PAM. A
cleartext password is necessary to use the server-side PAM
library, but may be a security problem in some
configurations. These measures minimize the risk:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To make inadvertent use of the
<code class="literal">
mysql_clear_password
</code>
plugin less
likely, MySQL clients must explicitly enable it (for
example, with the
<code class="option">
--enable-cleartext-plugin
</code>
option). See
<a class="xref" href="cleartext-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.4 Client-Side Cleartext Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.4, “Client-Side Cleartext Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To avoid password exposure with the
<code class="literal">
mysql_clear_password
</code>
plugin enabled,
MySQL clients should connect to the MySQL server using
an encrypted connection. See
<a class="xref" href="using-encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3.1, “Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="pam-authentication-unix-password-store">
</a>
PAM Authentication Access to Unix Password Store
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
On some systems, Unix authentication uses a password store
such as
<code class="filename">
/etc/shadow
</code>
, a file that
typically has restricted access permissions. This can cause
MySQL PAM-based authentication to fail. Unfortunately, the PAM
implementation does not permit distinguishing
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
password
could not be checked
</span>
”
</span>
(due, for example, to inability
to read
<code class="filename">
/etc/shadow
</code>
) from
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
password
does not match.
</span>
”
</span>
If you are using Unix password store
for PAM authentication, you may be able to enable access to it
from MySQL using one of the following methods:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Assuming that the MySQL server is run from the
<code class="literal">
mysql
</code>
operating system account, put
that account in the
<code class="literal">
shadow
</code>
group that
has
<code class="filename">
/etc/shadow
</code>
access:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create a
<code class="literal">
shadow
</code>
group in
<code class="filename">
/etc/group
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Add the
<code class="literal">
mysql
</code>
operating system user
to the
<code class="literal">
shadow
</code>
group in
<code class="filename">
/etc/group
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Assign
<code class="filename">
/etc/group
</code>
to the
<code class="literal">
shadow
</code>
group and enable the group
read permission:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa59371757"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">chgrp shadow /etc/shadow
chmod g+r /etc/shadow</code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Restart the MySQL server.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If you are using the
<code class="literal">
pam_unix
</code>
module
and the
<span class="command">
<strong>
unix_chkpwd
</strong>
</span>
utility, enable
password store access as follows:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa25131067"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">chmod u-s /usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd
setcap cap_dac_read_search+ep /usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Adjust the path to
<span class="command">
<strong>
unix_chkpwd
</strong>
</span>
as
necessary for your platform.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="pam-pluggable-authentication-debugging">
</a>
PAM Authentication Debugging
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045245594832">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045245593728">
</a>
<p>
The PAM authentication plugin checks at initialization time
whether the
<code class="literal">
AUTHENTICATION_PAM_LOG
</code>
environment value is set. If so, the plugin enables logging of
diagnostic messages to the standard output. These messages may
be helpful for debugging PAM-related issues that occur when
the plugin performs authentication.
</p>
<p>
Setting
<code class="literal">
AUTHENTICATION_PAM_LOG=1
</code>
(or some
other arbitrary value) does
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
not
</em>
</span>
include
any passwords. If you wish to include passwords in these
messages, set
<code class="literal">
AUTHENTICATION_PAM_LOG=PAM_LOG_WITH_SECRET_INFO
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
Some messages include reference to PAM plugin source files and
line numbers, which enables plugin actions to be tied more
closely to the location in the code where they occur.
</p>
<p>
Another technique for debugging connection failures and
determining what is happening during connection attempts is to
configure PAM authentication to permit all connections, then
check the system log files. This technique should be used only
on a
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
temporary
</em>
</span>
basis, and not on a
production server.
</p>
<p>
Configure a PAM service file named
<code class="filename">
/etc/pam.d/mysql-any-password
</code>
with these
contents (the format may differ on some systems):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa97504416"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">#%PAM-1.0
auth required pam_permit.so
account required pam_permit.so</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Create an account that uses the PAM plugin and names the
<code class="literal">
mysql-any-password
</code>
PAM service:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa90682320"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'testuser'</span>@<span class="token string">'localhost'</span>
<span class="token keyword">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> authentication_pam
<span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'mysql-any-password'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
mysql-any-password
</code>
service file causes
any authentication attempt to return true, even for incorrect
passwords. If an authentication attempt fails, that tells you
the configuration problem is on the MySQL side. Otherwise, the
problem is on the operating system/PAM side. To see what might
be happening, check system log files such as
<code class="filename">
/var/log/secure
</code>
,
<code class="filename">
/var/log/audit.log
</code>
,
<code class="filename">
/var/log/syslog
</code>
, or
<code class="filename">
/var/log/messages
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
After determining what the problem is, remove the
<code class="filename">
mysql-any-password
</code>
PAM service file to
disable any-password access.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/sys-schema-progress-reporting.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="sys-schema-progress-reporting">
</a>
30.3 sys Schema Progress Reporting
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The following
<a class="link" href="sys-schema.html" title="Chapter 30 MySQL sys Schema">
<code class="literal">
sys
</code>
</a>
schema views
provide progress reporting for long-running transactions:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa16002598"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">processlist
session
x$processlist
x$session</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Assuming that the required instruments and consumers are enabled,
the
<code class="literal">
progress
</code>
column of these views shows the
percentage of work completed for stages that support progress
reporting.
</p>
<p>
Stage progress reporting requires that the
<code class="literal">
events_stages_current
</code>
consumer be enabled, as
well as the instruments for which progress information is desired.
Instruments for these stages currently support progress reporting:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa94406627"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">stage/sql/Copying to tmp table
stage/innodb/alter table (end)
stage/innodb/alter table (flush)
stage/innodb/alter table (insert)
stage/innodb/alter table (log apply index)
stage/innodb/alter table (log apply table)
stage/innodb/alter table (merge sort)
stage/innodb/alter table (read PK and internal sort)
stage/innodb/buffer pool load</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For stages that do not support estimated and completed work
reporting, or if the required instruments or consumers are not
enabled, the
<code class="literal">
progress
</code>
column is
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/replication-features-invoked.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="replication-features-invoked">
</a>
19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045135499520">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045135498032">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045135496544">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045135495056">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045135493568">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045135492080">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045135490592">
</a>
<p>
Replication of invoked features such as loadable functions and
stored programs (stored procedures and functions, triggers, and
events) provides the following characteristics:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The effects of the feature are always replicated.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The following statements are replicated using
statement-based replication:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE EVENT
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="drop-event.html" title="15.1.25 DROP EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP EVENT
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
<code class="literal">
CREATE PROCEDURE
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="drop-procedure.html" title="15.1.29 DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Statements">
<code class="literal">
DROP PROCEDURE
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="create-function.html" title="15.1.14 CREATE FUNCTION Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE FUNCTION
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="drop-function.html" title="15.1.26 DROP FUNCTION Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP FUNCTION
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="create-trigger.html" title="15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TRIGGER
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="drop-trigger.html" title="15.1.34 DROP TRIGGER Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP TRIGGER
</code>
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
However, the
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
effects
</em>
</span>
of features
created, modified, or dropped using these statements are
replicated using row-based replication.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Attempting to replicate invoked features using
statement-based replication produces the warning
<span class="errortext">
Statement is not safe to log in statement
format
</span>
. For example, trying to replicate a
loadable function with statement-based replication
generates this warning because it currently cannot be
determined by the MySQL server whether the function is
deterministic. If you are absolutely certain that the
invoked feature's effects are deterministic, you can
safely disregard such warnings.
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045135465024">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045135463536">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045135462048">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045135460560">
</a>
In the case of
<a class="link" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE EVENT
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The status of the event is set to
<code class="literal">
REPLICA_SIDE_DISABLED
</code>
on the replica
regardless of the state specified (this does not apply
to
<a class="link" href="drop-event.html" title="15.1.25 DROP EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP EVENT
</code>
</a>
).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The source on which the event was created is identified
on the replica by its server ID. The
<code class="literal">
ORIGINATOR
</code>
column in
<a class="link" href="information-schema-events-table.html" title="28.3.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table">
<code class="literal">
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.EVENTS
</code>
</a>
stores this information. See
<a class="xref" href="show-events.html" title="15.7.7.19 SHOW EVENTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.19, “SHOW EVENTS Statement”
</a>
, for more information.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The feature implementation resides on the replica in a
renewable state so that if the source fails, the replica can
be used as the source without loss of event processing.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
To determine whether there are any scheduled events on a MySQL
server that were created on a different server (that was acting
as a source), query the Information Schema
<a class="link" href="information-schema-events-table.html" title="28.3.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table">
<code class="literal">
EVENTS
</code>
</a>
table in a manner similar to
what is shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa59699655"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> EVENT_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> EVENT_NAME
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">EVENTS</span>
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">STATUS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'REPLICA_SIDE_DISABLED'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Alternatively, you can use the
<a class="link" href="show-events.html" title="15.7.7.19 SHOW EVENTS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW
EVENTS
</code>
</a>
statement, like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa59166252"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">EVENTS</span>
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">STATUS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'REPLICA_SIDE_DISABLED'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
When promoting a replica having such events to a source, you
must enable each event using
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
event_name
</code>
</em>
ENABLE
</code>
</a>
, where
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
event_name
</code>
</em>
is the name of the event.
</p>
<p>
If more than one source was involved in creating events on this
replica, and you wish to identify events that were created only
on a given source having the server ID
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
source_id
</code>
</em>
, modify the previous query
on the
<a class="link" href="information-schema-events-table.html" title="28.3.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table">
<code class="literal">
EVENTS
</code>
</a>
table to include the
<code class="literal">
ORIGINATOR
</code>
column, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa6923916"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> EVENT_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> EVENT_NAME<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ORIGINATOR
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">EVENTS</span>
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">STATUS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'REPLICA_SIDE_DISABLED'</span>
<span class="token operator">AND</span> ORIGINATOR <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">source_id</em>'</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can employ
<code class="literal">
ORIGINATOR
</code>
with the
<a class="link" href="show-events.html" title="15.7.7.19 SHOW EVENTS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW EVENTS
</code>
</a>
statement in a
similar fashion:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa93082231"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">EVENTS</span>
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">STATUS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'REPLICA_SIDE_DISABLED'</span>
<span class="token operator">AND</span> ORIGINATOR <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'<em class="replaceable">source_id</em>'</span></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
<code class="literal">
REPLICA_SIDE_DISABLED
</code>
replaces
<code class="literal">
SLAVESIDE_DISABLED
</code>
, which is deprecated.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Before enabling events that were replicated from the source, you
should disable the MySQL Event Scheduler on the replica (using a
statement such as
<code class="literal">
SET GLOBAL event_scheduler =
OFF;
</code>
), run any necessary
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
EVENT
</code>
</a>
statements, restart the server, then re-enable
the Event Scheduler on the replica afterward (using a statement
such as
<code class="literal">
SET GLOBAL event_scheduler = ON;
</code>
)-
</p>
<p>
If you later demote the new source back to being a replica, you
must disable manually all events enabled by the
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
statements. You can
do this by storing in a separate table the event names from the
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
statement shown
previously, or using
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
statements to rename the events with a common prefix such as
<code class="literal">
replicated_
</code>
to identify them.
</p>
<p>
If you rename the events, then when demoting this server back to
being a replica, you can identify the events by querying the
<a class="link" href="information-schema-events-table.html" title="28.3.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table">
<code class="literal">
EVENTS
</code>
</a>
table, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa31078478"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">CONCAT</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>EVENT_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'.'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> EVENT_NAME<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'Db.Event'</span>
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">EVENTS</span>
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token function">INSTR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>EVENT_NAME<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'replicated_'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top">
</a>
25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095909200">
</a>
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html" title="25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_top
</strong>
</span>
</a>
displays running information in the
terminal about CPU usage by NDB threads on an NDB Cluster data
node. Each thread is represented by two rows in the output, the
first showing system statistics, the second showing the measured
statistics for the thread.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html" title="25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_top
</strong>
</span>
</a>
is available beginning with MySQL NDB
Cluster 7.6.3.
</p>
<h4>
<a name="idm46045095904384">
</a>
Usage
</h4>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa6332940"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">ndb_top <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token property">-h</span> <em class="replaceable">hostname</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token property">-t</span> <em class="replaceable">port</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token property">-u</span> <em class="replaceable">user</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token property">-p</span> <em class="replaceable">pass</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token property">-n</span> <em class="replaceable">node_id</em><span class="token punctuation">]</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html" title="25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_top
</strong>
</span>
</a>
connects to a MySQL Server running as
an SQL node of the cluster. By default, it attempts to connect
to a
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
running on
<code class="literal">
localhost
</code>
and port 3306, as the MySQL
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
user with no password specified. You can
override the default host and port using, respectively,
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_host">
<code class="option">
--host
</code>
</a>
(
<code class="option">
-h
</code>
) and
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_port">
<code class="option">
--port
</code>
</a>
(
<code class="option">
-t
</code>
). To
specify a MySQL user and password, use the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_user">
<code class="option">
--user
</code>
</a>
(
<code class="option">
-u
</code>
) and
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_passwd" target="_top">
<code class="option">
--passwd
</code>
</a>
(
<code class="option">
-p
</code>
)
options. This user must be able to read tables in the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo.html" title="25.6.17 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database">
<code class="literal">
ndbinfo
</code>
</a>
database
(
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html" title="25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_top
</strong>
</span>
</a>
uses information from
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-cpustat.html" title="25.6.17.19 The ndbinfo cpustat Table">
<code class="literal">
ndbinfo.cpustat
</code>
</a>
and related
tables).
</p>
<p>
For more information about MySQL user accounts and passwords,
see
<a class="xref" href="access-control.html" title="8.2 Access Control and Account Management">
Section 8.2, “Access Control and Account Management”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Output is available as plain text or an ASCII graph; you can
specify this using the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_text">
<code class="option">
--text
</code>
</a>
(
<code class="option">
-x
</code>
) and
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_graph">
<code class="option">
--graph
</code>
</a>
(
<code class="option">
-g
</code>
)
options, respectively. These two display modes provide the same
information; they can be used concurrently. At least one display
mode must be in use.
</p>
<p>
Color display of the graph is supported and enabled by default
(
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_color">
<code class="option">
--color
</code>
</a>
or
<code class="option">
-c
</code>
option). With color support enabled, the graph display shows OS
user time in blue, OS system time in green, and idle time as
blank. For measured load, blue is used for execution time,
yellow for send time, red for time spent in send buffer full
waits, and blank spaces for idle time. The percentage shown in
the graph display is the sum of percentages for all threads
which are not idle. Colors are not currently configurable; you
can use grayscale instead by using
<code class="option">
--skip-color
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
The sorted view (
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_sort">
<code class="option">
--sort
</code>
</a>
,
<code class="option">
-r
</code>
) is based on the maximum of the measured
load and the load reported by the OS. Display of these can be
enabled and disabled using the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_measured-load">
<code class="option">
--measured-load
</code>
</a>
(
<code class="option">
-m
</code>
) and
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_os-load">
<code class="option">
--os-load
</code>
</a>
(
<code class="option">
-o
</code>
)
options. Display of at least one of these loads must be enabled.
</p>
<p>
The program tries to obtain statistics from a data node having
the node ID given by the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_node-id">
<code class="option">
--node-id
</code>
</a>
(
<code class="option">
-n
</code>
)
option; if unspecified, this is 1.
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html" title="25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_top
</strong>
</span>
</a>
cannot provide information about other types of nodes.
</p>
<p>
The view adjusts itself to the height and width of the terminal
window; the minimum supported width is 76 characters.
</p>
<p>
Once started,
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html" title="25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_top
</strong>
</span>
</a>
runs continuously until
forced to exit; you can quit the program using
<code class="literal">
Ctrl-C
</code>
. The display updates once per second;
to set a different delay interval, use
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_sleep-time">
<code class="option">
--sleep-time
</code>
</a>
(
<code class="option">
-s
</code>
).
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html" title="25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_top
</strong>
</span>
</a>
is available on macOS, Linux, and
Solaris. It is not currently supported on Windows platforms.
</p>
</div>
<p>
The following table includes all options that are specific to
the NDB Cluster program
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html" title="25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_top
</strong>
</span>
</a>
. Additional
descriptions follow the table.
</p>
<p>
</p>
<h4>
<a name="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top-additional-options">
</a>
Additional Options
</h4>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_color">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_color">
<code class="option">
--color
</code>
</a>
,
<code class="option">
-c
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095856688">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095855200">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for color">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--color
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Show ASCII graphs in color; use
<code class="option">
--skip-colors
</code>
to disable.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_defaults-extra-file">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_defaults-extra-file">
<code class="option">
--defaults-extra-file
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095844944">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095843488">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for defaults-extra-file">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--defaults-extra-file=path
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Type
</th>
<td>
String
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
[none]
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Read given file after global files are read.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_defaults-file">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_defaults-file">
<code class="option">
--defaults-file
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095829200">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095827712">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for defaults-file">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--defaults-file=path
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Type
</th>
<td>
String
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
[none]
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Read default options from given file only.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_defaults-group-suffix">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_defaults-group-suffix">
<code class="option">
--defaults-group-suffix
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095813488">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095812032">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for defaults-group-suffix">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--defaults-group-suffix=string
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Type
</th>
<td>
String
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
[none]
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Also read groups with concat(group, suffix).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_graph">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_graph">
<code class="option">
--graph
</code>
</a>
,
<code class="option">
-g
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095797520">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095796032">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for graph">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--graph
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Display data using graphs; use
<code class="option">
--skip-graphs
</code>
to disable. This option or
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_text">
<code class="option">
--text
</code>
</a>
must be true; both
options may be true.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_help">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_help">
<code class="option">
--help
</code>
</a>
,
<code class="option">
-?
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095784528">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095783040">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for help">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--help
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Show program usage information.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_host">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_host">
<code class="option">
--host[
</code>
</a>
=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
name]
</code>
</em>
,
<code class="option">
-h
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095772640">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095771152">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for host">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--host=string
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Type
</th>
<td>
String
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
localhost
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Host name or IP address of MySQL Server to connect to.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_login-path">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_login-path">
<code class="option">
--login-path
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095756896">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095755408">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for login-path">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--login-path=path
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Type
</th>
<td>
String
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
[none]
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Read given path from login file.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_no-login-paths">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_no-login-paths">
<code class="option">
--no-login-paths
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095741136">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095739648">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for no-login-paths">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--no-login-paths
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Skips reading options from the login path file.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_measured-load">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_measured-load">
<code class="option">
--measured-load
</code>
</a>
,
<code class="option">
-m
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095729568">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095728080">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for measured-load">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--measured-load
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Show measured load by thread. This option or
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_os-load">
<code class="option">
--os-load
</code>
</a>
must be true; both
options may be true.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_no-defaults">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_no-defaults">
<code class="option">
--no-defaults
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095717360">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095715872">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for no-defaults">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--no-defaults
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Do not read default options from any option file other than
login file.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_node-id">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_node-id">
<code class="option">
--node-id[
</code>
</a>
=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
#]
</code>
</em>
,
<code class="option">
-n
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095705488">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095704000">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for node-id">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--node-id=#
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Type
</th>
<td>
Integer
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
1
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Watch the data node having this node ID.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_os-load">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_os-load">
<code class="option">
--os-load
</code>
</a>
,
<code class="option">
-o
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095689600">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095688112">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for os-load">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--os-load
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Show load measured by operating system. This option or
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_measured-load">
<code class="option">
--measured-load
</code>
</a>
must be
true; both options may be true.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_password">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_password">
<code class="option">
--password[
</code>
</a>
=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
password]
</code>
</em>
,
<code class="option">
-p
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095676528">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095675040">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for password">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--password=password
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Type
</th>
<td>
String
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Connect to a MySQL Server using this password and the MySQL
user specified by
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_user">
<code class="option">
--user
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
This password is associated with a MySQL user account only,
and is not related in any way to the password used with
encrypted
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
backups.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_port">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_port">
<code class="option">
--port[
</code>
</a>
=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
#]
</code>
</em>
,
<code class="option">
-P
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095657984">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095656496">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for port">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--port=#
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Type
</th>
<td>
Integer
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
3306
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Port number to use when connecting to MySQL Server.
</p>
<p>
(Formerly, the short form for this option was
<code class="option">
-t
</code>
, which was repurposed as the short form
of
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_text">
<code class="option">
--text
</code>
</a>
.)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_print-defaults">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_print-defaults">
<code class="option">
--print-defaults
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095640224">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095638736">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for print-defaults">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--print-defaults
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Print program argument list and exit.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_sleep-time">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_sleep-time">
<code class="option">
--sleep-time[
</code>
</a>
=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
seconds]
</code>
</em>
,
<code class="option">
-s
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095628304">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095626816">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for sleep-time">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--sleep-time=#
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Type
</th>
<td>
Integer
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
1
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Time to wait between display refreshes, in seconds.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_socket">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_socket">
<code class="option">
--socket=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
path/to/file
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
,
<code class="option">
-S
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095611904">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095610416">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for socket">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--socket=path
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Type
</th>
<td>
Path name
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
[none]
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Use the specified socket file for the connection.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_sort">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_sort">
<code class="option">
--sort
</code>
</a>
,
<code class="option">
-r
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095596000">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095594512">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for sort">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--sort
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Sort threads by usage; use
<code class="option">
--skip-sort
</code>
to
disable.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_text">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_text">
<code class="option">
--text
</code>
</a>
,
<code class="option">
-t
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095584096">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095582608">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for text">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--text
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Display data using text. This option or
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_graph">
<code class="option">
--graph
</code>
</a>
must be true; both
options may be true.
</p>
<p>
(The short form for this option was
<code class="option">
-x
</code>
in
previous versions of NDB Cluster, but this is no longer
supported.)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_usage">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_usage">
<code class="option">
--usage
</code>
</a>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095570880">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095569392">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for usage">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--usage
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Display help text and exit; same as
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_help">
<code class="option">
--help
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a name="option_ndb_top_user">
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_user">
<code class="option">
--user[
</code>
</a>
=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
name]
</code>
</em>
,
<code class="option">
-u
</code>
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095558016">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045095556528">
</a>
<div class="informaltable">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Properties for user">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 30%"/>
<col style="width: 70%"/>
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
Command-Line Format
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
--user=name
</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Type
</th>
<td>
String
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Default Value
</th>
<td>
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>
Connect as this MySQL user. Normally requires a password
supplied by the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_password">
<code class="option">
--password
</code>
</a>
option.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
<b>
Sample Output.
</b>
The next figure shows
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html" title="25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_top
</strong>
</span>
</a>
running in a
terminal window on a Linux system with an
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndbmtd.html" title="25.5.3 ndbmtd — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon (Multi-Threaded)">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndbmtd
</strong>
</span>
</a>
data node under a moderate load.
Here, the program has been invoked using
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html" title="25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_top
</strong>
</span>
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_node-id">
<code class="option">
-n8
</code>
</a>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html#option_ndb_top_text">
<code class="option">
-x
</code>
</a>
to provide
both text and graph output:
</p>
<div class="figure">
<a name="ndb_top-running-terminal">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Figure 25.5 ndb_top Running in Terminal
</b>
</p>
<div class="figure-contents">
<div class="mediaobject">
<img alt="Display from ndb_top, running in a terminal window. Shows information for each node, including the utilized resources." src="images/ndb-top-1.png" style="width: 100%; max-width: 800px;"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br class="figure-break"/>
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-top.html" title="25.5.30 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_top
</strong>
</span>
</a>
also shows spin times for threads,
displayed in green.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/innodb-performance-spin_lock_polling.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="innodb-performance-spin_lock_polling">
</a>
17.8.8 Configuring Spin Lock Polling
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045162606960">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045162605888">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045162604816">
</a>
<p>
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_mutex" title="mutex">
mutexes
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_rw_lock" title="rw-lock">
rw-locks
</a>
are typically
reserved for short intervals. On a multi-core system, it can be
more efficient for a thread to continuously check if it can
acquire a mutex or rw-lock for a period of time before it sleeps.
If the mutex or rw-lock becomes available during this period, the
thread can continue immediately, in the same time slice. However,
too-frequent polling of a shared object such as a mutex or rw-lock
by multiple threads can cause
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
cache ping pong
</span>
”
</span>
,
which results in processors invalidating portions of each
other's cache.
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
minimizes this issue
by forcing a random delay between polls to desynchronize polling
activity. The random delay is implemented as a spin-wait loop.
</p>
<p>
The duration of a spin-wait loop is determined by the number of
PAUSE instructions that occur in the loop. That number is
generated by randomly selecting an integer ranging from 0 up to
but not including the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_delay">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_delay
</code>
</a>
value, and
multiplying that value by 50. For example, an integer is randomly
selected from the following range for an
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_delay">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_delay
</code>
</a>
setting of
6:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa5189075"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">{0,1,2,3,4,5}</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The selected integer is multiplied by 50, resulting in one of six
possible PAUSE instruction values:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa91577559"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">{0,50,100,150,200,250}</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For that set of values, 250 is the maximum number of PAUSE
instructions that can occur in a spin-wait loop. An
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_delay">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_delay
</code>
</a>
setting of
5 results in a set of five possible values
<code class="literal">
{0,50,100,150,200}
</code>
, where 200 is the maximum
number of PAUSE instructions, and so on. In this way, the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_delay">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_delay
</code>
</a>
setting
controls the maximum delay between spin lock polls.
</p>
<p>
On a system where all processor cores share a fast cache memory,
you might reduce the maximum delay or disable the busy loop
altogether by setting
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_delay">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_delay=0
</code>
</a>
. On a
system with multiple processor chips, the effect of cache
invalidation can be more significant and you might increase the
maximum delay.
</p>
<p>
In the 100MHz Pentium era, an
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_delay">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_delay
</code>
</a>
unit was
calibrated to be equivalent to one microsecond. That time
equivalence did not hold, but PAUSE instruction duration remained
fairly constant in terms of processor cycles relative to other CPU
instructions until the introduction of the Skylake generation of
processors, which have a comparatively longer PAUSE instruction.
The
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier
</code>
</a>
variable provides a way to account for differences in PAUSE
instruction duration.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier
</code>
</a>
variable controls the size of PAUSE instruction values. For
example, assuming an
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_delay">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_delay
</code>
</a>
setting of
6, decreasing the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier
</code>
</a>
value from 50 (the default and previously hardcoded value) to 5
generates a set of smaller PAUSE instruction values:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa1226579"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">{0,5,10,15,20,25}</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The ability to increase or decrease PAUSE instruction values
permits fine tuning
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
for different
processor architectures. Smaller PAUSE instruction values would be
appropriate for processor architectures with a comparatively
longer PAUSE instruction, for example.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_delay">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_delay
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier">
<code class="literal">
innodb_spin_wait_pause_multiplier
</code>
</a>
variables are dynamic. They can be specified in a MySQL option
file or modified at runtime using a
<a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
<code class="literal">
SET GLOBAL
</code>
</a>
statement. Modifying the variables at runtime requires privileges
sufficient to set global system variables. See
<a class="xref" href="system-variable-privileges.html" title="7.1.9.1 System Variable Privileges">
Section 7.1.9.1, “System Variable Privileges”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/starting-server-troubleshooting.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="starting-server-troubleshooting">
</a>
2.9.2.1 Troubleshooting Problems Starting the MySQL Server
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045326856192">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045326854704">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045326853216">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045326851728">
</a>
<p>
This section provides troubleshooting suggestions for problems
starting the server. For additional suggestions for Windows
systems, see
<a class="xref" href="windows-troubleshooting.html" title="2.3.4 Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows MySQL Server Installation">
Section 2.3.4, “Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows MySQL Server Installation”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
If you have problems starting the server, here are some things
to try:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Check the
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_error_log" title="error log">
error log
</a>
to
see why the server does not start. Log files are located in
the
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_data_directory" title="data directory">
data
directory
</a>
(typically
<code class="filename">
C:\Program
Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.4\data
</code>
on
Windows,
<code class="filename">
/usr/local/mysql/data
</code>
for a
Unix/Linux binary distribution, and
<code class="filename">
/usr/local/var
</code>
for a Unix/Linux source
distribution). Look in the data directory for files with
names of the form
<code class="filename">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
host_name
</code>
</em>
.err
</code>
and
<code class="filename">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
host_name
</code>
</em>
.log
</code>
,
where
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
host_name
</code>
</em>
is the name of
your server host. Then examine the last few lines of these
files. Use
<code class="literal">
tail
</code>
to display them:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa18422351"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">tail</span> <em class="replaceable">host_name</em><span class="token punctuation">.</span>err
<span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">tail</span> <em class="replaceable">host_name</em><span class="token punctuation">.</span>log</code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Specify any special options needed by the storage engines
you are using. You can create a
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
file and specify startup options for the engines that you
plan to use. If you are going to use storage engines that
support transactional tables (
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
,
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
), be sure that you have
them configured the way you want before starting the server.
If you are using
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
tables, see
<a class="xref" href="innodb-configuration.html" title="17.8 InnoDB Configuration">
Section 17.8, “InnoDB Configuration”
</a>
for guidelines and
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
for option syntax.
</p>
<p>
Although storage engines use default values for options that
you omit, Oracle recommends that you review the available
options and specify explicit values for any options whose
defaults are not appropriate for your installation.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Make sure that the server knows where to find the
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_data_directory" title="data directory">
data directory
</a>
.
The
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
server uses this directory as
its current directory. This is where it expects to find
databases and where it expects to write log files. The
server also writes the pid (process ID) file in the data
directory.
</p>
<p>
The default data directory location is hardcoded when the
server is compiled. To determine what the default path
settings are, invoke
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
with the
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_verbose">
<code class="option">
--verbose
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_help">
<code class="option">
--help
</code>
</a>
options. If the data
directory is located somewhere else on your system, specify
that location with the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_datadir">
<code class="option">
--datadir
</code>
</a>
option to
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="6.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld_safe
</strong>
</span>
</a>
,
on the command line or in an option file. Otherwise, the
server does not work properly. As an alternative to the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_datadir">
<code class="option">
--datadir
</code>
</a>
option, you can
specify
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
the location of the base
directory under which MySQL is installed with the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_basedir">
<code class="option">
--basedir
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
looks for the
<code class="filename">
data
</code>
directory there.
</p>
<p>
To check the effect of specifying path options, invoke
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
with those options followed by the
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_verbose">
<code class="option">
--verbose
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_help">
<code class="option">
--help
</code>
</a>
options. For example,
if you change location to the directory where
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
is installed and then run the
following command, it shows the effect of starting the
server with a base directory of
<code class="filename">
/usr/local
</code>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa99228977"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">./mysqld</span> <span class="token constant">--basedir</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>/usr/local</span> <span class="token property">--verbose</span> <span class="token property">--help</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can specify other options such as
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_datadir">
<code class="option">
--datadir
</code>
</a>
as well, but
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_verbose">
<code class="option">
--verbose
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_help">
<code class="option">
--help
</code>
</a>
must be the last
options.
</p>
<p>
Once you determine the path settings you want, start the
server without
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_verbose">
<code class="option">
--verbose
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_help">
<code class="option">
--help
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
If
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
is currently running, you can
find out what path settings it is using by executing this
command:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa13371801"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysqladmin</span> variables</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Or:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa87867263"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysqladmin</span> <span class="token property">-h</span> <em class="replaceable">host_name</em> variables</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
host_name
</code>
</em>
is the name of the
MySQL server host.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Make sure that the server can access the
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_data_directory" title="data directory">
data directory
</a>
.
The ownership and permissions of the data directory and its
contents must allow the server to read and modify them.
</p>
<p>
If you get
<code class="literal">
Errcode 13
</code>
(which means
<code class="literal">
Permission denied
</code>
) when starting
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
, this means that the privileges of
the data directory or its contents do not permit server
access. In this case, you change the permissions for the
involved files and directories so that the server has the
right to use them. You can also start the server as
<code class="literal">
root
</code>
, but this raises security issues and
should be avoided.
</p>
<p>
Change location to the data directory and check the
ownership of the data directory and its contents to make
sure the server has access. For example, if the data
directory is
<code class="filename">
/usr/local/mysql/var
</code>
, use
this command:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa27052040"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">ls</span> <span class="token property">-la</span> /usr/local/mysql/var</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If the data directory or its files or subdirectories are not
owned by the login account that you use for running the
server, change their ownership to that account. If the
account is named
<code class="literal">
mysql
</code>
, use these
commands:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa30736804"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">chown</span> <span class="token property">-R</span> mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
<span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">chgrp</span> <span class="token property">-R</span> mysql /usr/local/mysql/var</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Even with correct ownership, MySQL might fail to start up if
there is other security software running on your system that
manages application access to various parts of the file
system. In this case, reconfigure that software to enable
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
to access the directories it uses
during normal operation.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Verify that the network interfaces the server wants to use
are available.
</p>
<p>
If either of the following errors occur, it means that some
other program (perhaps another
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
server) is using the TCP/IP port or Unix socket file that
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
is trying to use:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa36668448"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">Can't start server: Bind on TCP/IP port: Address already in use
Can't start server: Bind on unix socket...</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Use
<span class="command">
<strong>
ps
</strong>
</span>
to determine whether you have
another
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
server running. If so,
shut down the server before starting
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
again. (If another server is
running, and you really want to run multiple servers, you
can find information about how to do so in
<a class="xref" href="multiple-servers.html" title="7.8 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine">
Section 7.8, “Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine”
</a>
.)
</p>
<p>
If no other server is running, execute the command
<code class="literal">
telnet
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
your_host_name
</code>
</em>
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
tcp_ip_port_number
</code>
</em>
</code>
.
(The default MySQL port number is 3306.) Then press Enter a
couple of times. If you do not get an error message like
<code class="literal">
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host:
Connection refused
</code>
, some other program is using
the TCP/IP port that
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
is trying to
use. Track down what program this is and disable it, or tell
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
to listen to a different port with
the
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_port">
<code class="option">
--port
</code>
</a>
option. In this
case, specify the same non-default port number for client
programs when connecting to the server using TCP/IP.
</p>
<p>
Another reason the port might be inaccessible is that you
have a firewall running that blocks connections to it. If
so, modify the firewall settings to permit access to the
port.
</p>
<p>
If the server starts but you cannot connect to it, make sure
that you have an entry in
<code class="filename">
/etc/hosts
</code>
that looks like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa62874326"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">127.0.0.1 localhost</code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If you cannot get
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
to start, try to
make a trace file to find the problem by using the
<a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_debug">
<code class="option">
--debug
</code>
</a>
option. See
<a class="xref" href="dbug-package.html" title="7.9.4 The DBUG Package">
Section 7.9.4, “The DBUG Package”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-limitations-disk-data.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-limitations-disk-data">
</a>
25.2.7.9 Limitations Relating to NDB Cluster Disk Data Storage
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045123170080">
</a>
<p>
<b>
Disk Data object maximums and minimums.
</b>
Disk data objects are subject to the following maximums and
minimums:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Maximum number of tablespaces:
2
<sup>
32
</sup>
(4294967296)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Maximum number of data files per tablespace:
2
<sup>
16
</sup>
(65536)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The minimum and maximum possible sizes of extents for
tablespace data files are 32K and 2G, respectively. See
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
, for more information.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
In addition, when working with NDB Disk Data tables, you should
be aware of the following issues regarding data files and
extents:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Data files use
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-ndbd-definition.html#ndbparam-ndbd-datamemory">
<code class="literal">
DataMemory
</code>
</a>
. Usage is
the same as for in-memory data.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Data files use file descriptors. It is important to keep in
mind that data files are always open, which means the file
descriptors are always in use and cannot be re-used for
other system tasks.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Extents require sufficient
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-ndbd-definition.html#ndbparam-ndbd-diskpagebuffermemory">
<code class="literal">
DiskPageBufferMemory
</code>
</a>
;
you must reserve enough for this parameter to account for
all memory used by all extents (number of extents times size
of extents).
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
<b>
Disk Data tables and diskless mode.
</b>
Use of Disk Data tables is not supported when running the
cluster in diskless mode.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/replication-binlog-encryption-scope.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="replication-binlog-encryption-scope">
</a>
19.3.2.1 Scope of Binary Log Encryption
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
When binary log encryption is active for a MySQL server
instance, the encryption coverage is as follows:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Data at rest that is written to the binary log files and
relay log files is encrypted from the point in time where
encryption is started, using the two tier encryption
architecture described above. Existing binary log files and
relay log files that were present on the server when you
started encryption are not encrypted. You can purge these
files when they are no longer needed.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Data in motion in the replication event stream, which is
sent to MySQL clients including
<a class="link" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlbinlog
</strong>
</span>
</a>
, is decrypted for
transmission, and should therefore be protected in transit
by the use of connection encryption (see
<a class="xref" href="encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3 Using Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3, “Using Encrypted Connections”
</a>
and
<a class="xref" href="replication-encrypted-connections.html" title="19.3.1 Setting Up Replication to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 19.3.1, “Setting Up Replication to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Data in use that is held in the binary log transaction and
statement caches during a transaction is in unencrypted
format in the memory buffer that stores the cache. The data
is written to a temporary file on disk if it exceeds the
space available in the memory buffer. When binary log
encryption is active on the server, temporary files used to
hold the binary log cache are encrypted using AES-CTR (AES
Counter mode) for stream encryption. Because the temporary
files are volatile and tied to a single process, they are
encrypted using single-tier encryption, using a randomly
generated file password and initialization vector that exist
only in memory and are never stored on disk or in the
keyring. After each transaction is committed, the binary log
cache is reset: the memory buffer is cleared, any temporary
file used to hold the binary log cache is truncated, and a
new file password and initialization vector are randomly
generated for use with the next transaction. This reset also
takes place when the server is restarted after a normal
shutdown or an unexpected halt.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
If you use
<a class="link" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
<code class="literal">
LOAD DATA
</code>
</a>
when
<a class="link" href="replication-options-binary-log.html#sysvar_binlog_format">
<code class="literal">
binlog_format=STATEMENT
</code>
</a>
is
set, which is not recommended as the statement is considered
unsafe for statement-based replication, a temporary file
containing the data is created on the replica where the
changes are applied. These temporary files are not encrypted
when binary log encryption is active on the server. Use
row-based or mixed binary logging format instead, which do not
create the temporary files.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/any-in-some-subqueries.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="any-in-some-subqueries">
</a>
15.2.15.3 Subqueries with ANY, IN, or SOME
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045180022944">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045180021488">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045180020448">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045180019408">
</a>
<p>
Syntax:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa71829095"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><em class="replaceable">operand</em> <em class="replaceable">comparison_operator</em> <span class="token keyword">ANY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><em class="replaceable">subquery</em><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<em class="replaceable">operand</em> <span class="token keyword">IN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><em class="replaceable">subquery</em><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<em class="replaceable">operand</em> <em class="replaceable">comparison_operator</em> <span class="token keyword">SOME</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><em class="replaceable">subquery</em><span class="token punctuation">)</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Where
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
comparison_operator
</code>
</em>
is one of
these operators:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa87050935"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token operator">>=</span> <span class="token operator"><=</span> <span class="token operator"><></span> <span class="token operator">!=</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
ANY
</code>
keyword, which must follow a
comparison operator, means
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
return
<code class="literal">
TRUE
</code>
if the comparison is
<code class="literal">
TRUE
</code>
for
<code class="literal">
ANY
</code>
of the values in the column that the
subquery returns.
</span>
”
</span>
For example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa36484769"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> s1 <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">ANY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Suppose that there is a row in table
<code class="literal">
t1
</code>
containing
<code class="literal">
(10)
</code>
. The expression is
<code class="literal">
TRUE
</code>
if table
<code class="literal">
t2
</code>
contains
<code class="literal">
(21,14,7)
</code>
because there is a value
<code class="literal">
7
</code>
in
<code class="literal">
t2
</code>
that is less than
<code class="literal">
10
</code>
. The expression is
<code class="literal">
FALSE
</code>
if table
<code class="literal">
t2
</code>
contains
<code class="literal">
(20,10)
</code>
, or if table
<code class="literal">
t2
</code>
is
empty. The expression is
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
unknown
</em>
</span>
(that is,
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
) if table
<code class="literal">
t2
</code>
contains
<code class="literal">
(NULL,NULL,NULL)
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
When used with a subquery, the word
<code class="literal">
IN
</code>
is an
alias for
<code class="literal">
= ANY
</code>
. Thus, these two statements
are the same:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa19184407"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> s1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">ANY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">IN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<code class="literal">
IN
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
= ANY
</code>
are not
synonyms when used with an expression list.
<code class="literal">
IN
</code>
can take an expression list, but
<code class="literal">
= ANY
</code>
cannot. See
<a class="xref" href="comparison-operators.html" title="14.4.2 Comparison Functions and Operators">
Section 14.4.2, “Comparison Functions and Operators”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
NOT IN
</code>
is not an alias for
<code class="literal">
<>
ANY
</code>
, but for
<code class="literal">
<> ALL
</code>
. See
<a class="xref" href="all-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.4 Subqueries with ALL">
Section 15.2.15.4, “Subqueries with ALL”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The word
<code class="literal">
SOME
</code>
is an alias for
<code class="literal">
ANY
</code>
. Thus, these two statements are the same:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa35528711"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> s1 <span class="token operator"><></span> <span class="token keyword">ANY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> s1 <span class="token operator"><></span> <span class="token keyword">SOME</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Use of the word
<code class="literal">
SOME
</code>
is rare, but this
example shows why it might be useful. To most people, the
English phrase
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
a is not equal to any b
</span>
”
</span>
means
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
there is no b which is equal to a,
</span>
”
</span>
but that is
not what is meant by the SQL syntax. The syntax means
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
there is some b to which a is not equal.
</span>
”
</span>
Using
<code class="literal">
<> SOME
</code>
instead helps ensure that
everyone understands the true meaning of the query.
</p>
<p>
You can use
<a class="link" href="table.html" title="15.2.16 TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
TABLE
</code>
</a>
in a scalar
<code class="literal">
IN
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
ANY
</code>
, or
<code class="literal">
SOME
</code>
subquery provided the table contains
only a single column. If
<code class="literal">
t2
</code>
has only one
column, the statements shown previously in this section can be
written as shown here, in each case substituting
<code class="literal">
TABLE
t2
</code>
for
<code class="literal">
SELECT s1 FROM t2
</code>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa60513270"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> s1 <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">ANY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> s1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">ANY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">IN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> s1 <span class="token operator"><></span> <span class="token keyword">ANY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> s1 <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> s1 <span class="token operator"><></span> <span class="token keyword">SOME</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table">
</a>
29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045073868752">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045073867264">
</a>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_instruments
</code>
</a>
table lists
classes of instrumented objects for which events can be
collected:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa56722625"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>setup_instruments\G
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 1. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
NAME<span class="token punctuation">:</span> wait/synch/mutex/pfs/LOCK_pfs_share_list
ENABLED<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NO
TIMED<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NO
PROPERTIES<span class="token punctuation">:</span> singleton
FLAGS<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
VOLATILITY<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
DOCUMENTATION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Components can provide their own performance_schema tables.
This lock protects the list of such tables definitions.
...
<span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 410. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
NAME<span class="token punctuation">:</span> stage/sql/executing
ENABLED<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NO
TIMED<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NO
PROPERTIES<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
FLAGS<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
VOLATILITY<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
DOCUMENTATION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
...
<span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 733. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
NAME<span class="token punctuation">:</span> statement/abstract/Query
ENABLED<span class="token punctuation">:</span> YES
TIMED<span class="token punctuation">:</span> YES
PROPERTIES<span class="token punctuation">:</span> mutable
FLAGS<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
VOLATILITY<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
DOCUMENTATION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> SQL query just received from the network.
At this point, the real statement type is unknown, the type
will be refined after SQL parsing.
...
<span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 737. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
NAME<span class="token punctuation">:</span> memory/performance_schema/mutex_instances
ENABLED<span class="token punctuation">:</span> YES
TIMED<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
PROPERTIES<span class="token punctuation">:</span> global_statistics
FLAGS<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
VOLATILITY<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
DOCUMENTATION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Memory used for table performance_schema.mutex_instances
...
<span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 823. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
NAME<span class="token punctuation">:</span> memory/sql/Prepared_statement<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>infrastructure
ENABLED<span class="token punctuation">:</span> YES
TIMED<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
PROPERTIES<span class="token punctuation">:</span> controlled_by_default
FLAGS<span class="token punctuation">:</span> controlled
VOLATILITY<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
DOCUMENTATION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Map infrastructure for prepared statements per session.
...</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Each instrument added to the source code provides a row for
the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_instruments
</code>
</a>
table, even
when the instrumented code is not executed. When an instrument
is enabled and executed, instrumented instances are created,
which are visible in the
<code class="literal">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
xxx
</code>
</em>
_instances
</code>
tables, such as
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-file-instances-table.html" title="29.12.3.2 The file_instances Table">
<code class="literal">
file_instances
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-rwlock-instances-table.html" title="29.12.3.4 The rwlock_instances Table">
<code class="literal">
rwlock_instances
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
Modifications to most
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_instruments
</code>
</a>
rows affect
monitoring immediately. For some instruments, modifications
are effective only at server startup; changing them at runtime
has no effect. This affects primarily mutexes, conditions, and
rwlocks in the server, although there may be other instruments
for which this is true.
</p>
<p>
For more information about the role of the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_instruments
</code>
</a>
table in event
filtering, see
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-pre-filtering.html" title="29.4.3 Event Pre-Filtering">
Section 29.4.3, “Event Pre-Filtering”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_instruments
</code>
</a>
table has
these columns:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
NAME
</code>
</p>
<p>
The instrument name. Instrument names may have multiple
parts and form a hierarchy, as discussed in
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-instrument-naming.html" title="29.6 Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions">
Section 29.6, “Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions”
</a>
.
Events produced from execution of an instrument have an
<code class="literal">
EVENT_NAME
</code>
value that is taken from the
instrument
<code class="literal">
NAME
</code>
value. (Events do not
really have a
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
name,
</span>
”
</span>
but this provides a way
to associate events with instruments.)
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
ENABLED
</code>
</p>
<p>
Whether the instrument is enabled. The value is
<code class="literal">
YES
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
NO
</code>
. A
disabled instrument produces no events. This column can be
modified, although setting
<code class="literal">
ENABLED
</code>
has
no effect for instruments that have already been created.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
TIMED
</code>
</p>
<p>
Whether the instrument is timed. The value is
<code class="literal">
YES
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
NO
</code>
, or
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
. This column can be modified,
although setting
<code class="literal">
TIMED
</code>
has no effect
for instruments that have already been created.
</p>
<p>
A
<code class="literal">
TIMED
</code>
value of
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
indicates that the instrument does
not support timing. For example, memory operations are not
timed, so their
<code class="literal">
TIMED
</code>
column is
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
Setting
<code class="literal">
TIMED
</code>
to
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
for an instrument that supports
timing has no effect, as does setting
<code class="literal">
TIMED
</code>
to non-
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
for an instrument that does not support timing.
</p>
<p>
If an enabled instrument is not timed, the instrument code
is enabled, but the timer is not. Events produced by the
instrument have
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
for the
<code class="literal">
TIMER_START
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
TIMER_END
</code>
, and
<code class="literal">
TIMER_WAIT
</code>
timer values. This in turn
causes those values to be ignored when calculating the
sum, minimum, maximum, and average time values in summary
tables.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
PROPERTIES
</code>
</p>
<p>
The instrument properties. This column uses the
<a class="link" href="set.html" title="13.3.6 The SET Type">
<code class="literal">
SET
</code>
</a>
data type, so multiple
flags from the following list can be set per instrument:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
controlled_by_default
</code>
: memory is
collected by default for this instrument.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
global_statistics
</code>
: The instrument
produces only global summaries. Summaries for finer
levels are unavailable, such as per thread, account,
user, or host. For example, most memory instruments
produce only global summaries.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
mutable
</code>
: The instrument can
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
mutate
</span>
”
</span>
into a more specific one. This
property applies only to statement instruments.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
progress
</code>
: The instrument is capable
of reporting progress data. This property applies only
to stage instruments.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
singleton
</code>
: The instrument has a
single instance. For example, most global mutex locks
in the server are singletons, so the corresponding
instruments are as well.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
user
</code>
: The instrument is directly
related to user workload (as opposed to system
workload). One such instrument is
<code class="literal">
wait/io/socket/sql/client_connection
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
FLAGS
</code>
</p>
<p>
Whether the instrument's memory is controlled.
</p>
<p>
This flag is supported for non-global memory instruments,
only, and can be set or unset. For example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa97589916"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"> <span class="token keyword">SQL</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SETUP_INTRUMENTS <span class="token keyword">SET</span> FLAGS<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"controlled"</span> <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">NAME</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'memory/sql/NET::buff'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Attempting to set
<code class="literal">
FLAGS = controlled
</code>
on non-memory instruments, or on global memory
instruments, fails silently.
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
VOLATILITY
</code>
</p>
<p>
The instrument volatility. Volatility values range from
low to high. The values correspond to the
<code class="literal">
PSI_VOLATILITY_
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
xxx
</code>
</em>
</code>
constants defined in the
<code class="filename">
mysql/psi/psi_base.h
</code>
header file:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-c"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa41440201"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-c"><span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> PSI_VOLATILITY_UNKNOWN 0</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> PSI_VOLATILITY_PERMANENT 1</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> PSI_VOLATILITY_PROVISIONING 2</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> PSI_VOLATILITY_DDL 3</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> PSI_VOLATILITY_CACHE 4</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> PSI_VOLATILITY_SESSION 5</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> PSI_VOLATILITY_TRANSACTION 6</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> PSI_VOLATILITY_QUERY 7</span>
<span class="token macro property">#<span class="token directive keyword">define</span> PSI_VOLATILITY_INTRA_QUERY 8</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
VOLATILITY
</code>
column is purely
informational, to provide users (and the Performance
Schema code) some hint about the instrument runtime
behavior.
</p>
<p>
Instruments with a low volatility index (PERMANENT = 1)
are created once at server startup, and never destroyed or
re-created during normal server operation. They are
destroyed only during server shutdown.
</p>
<p>
For example, the
<code class="literal">
wait/synch/mutex/pfs/LOCK_pfs_share_list
</code>
mutex is defined with a volatility of 1, which means it is
created once. Possible overhead from the instrumentation
itself (namely, mutex initialization) has no effect for
this instrument then. Runtime overhead occurs only when
locking or unlocking the mutex.
</p>
<p>
Instruments with a higher volatility index (for example,
SESSION = 5) are created and destroyed for every user
session. For example, the
<code class="literal">
wait/synch/mutex/sql/THD::LOCK_query_plan
</code>
mutex is created each time a session connects, and
destroyed when the session disconnects.
</p>
<p>
This mutex is more sensitive to Performance Schema
overhead, because overhead comes not only from the lock
and unlock instrumentation, but also from mutex create and
destroy instrumentation, which is executed more often.
</p>
<p>
Another aspect of volatility concerns whether and when an
update to the
<code class="literal">
ENABLED
</code>
column actually
has some effect:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
An update to
<code class="literal">
ENABLED
</code>
affects
instrumented objects created subsequently, but has no
effect on instruments already created.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Instruments that are more
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
volatile
</span>
”
</span>
use
new settings from the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_instruments
</code>
</a>
table
sooner.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
For example, this statement does not affect the
<code class="literal">
LOCK_query_plan
</code>
mutex for existing
sessions, but does have an effect on new sessions created
subsequent to the update:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa79379146"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>setup_instruments
<span class="token keyword">SET</span> ENABLED<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword"><em class="replaceable">value</em></span>
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">NAME</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'wait/synch/mutex/sql/THD::LOCK_query_plan'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
This statement actually has no effect at all:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa96956878"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>setup_instruments
<span class="token keyword">SET</span> ENABLED<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword"><em class="replaceable">value</em></span>
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">NAME</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'wait/synch/mutex/pfs/LOCK_pfs_share_list'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
This mutex is permanent, and was created already before
the update is executed. The mutex is never created again,
so the
<code class="literal">
ENABLED
</code>
value in
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_instruments
</code>
</a>
is never
used. To enable or disable this mutex, use the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-mutex-instances-table.html" title="29.12.3.3 The mutex_instances Table">
<code class="literal">
mutex_instances
</code>
</a>
table
instead.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
DOCUMENTATION
</code>
</p>
<p>
A string describing the instrument purpose. The value is
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
if no description is available.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_instruments
</code>
</a>
table has
these indexes:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Primary key on (
<code class="literal">
NAME
</code>
)
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
<a class="link" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
TRUNCATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
is not permitted
for the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_instruments
</code>
</a>
table.
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045073767888">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045073766400">
</a>
<p>
To assist monitoring and troubleshooting, the Performance
Schema instrumentation is used to export names of instrumented
threads to the operating system. This enables utilities that
display thread names, such as debuggers and the Unix
<span class="command">
<strong>
ps
</strong>
</span>
command, to display distinct
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
thread names rather than
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
mysqld
</span>
”
</span>
. This feature is supported only on
Linux, macOS, and Windows.
</p>
<p>
Suppose that
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
is running on a system
that has a version of
<span class="command">
<strong>
ps
</strong>
</span>
that supports this
invocation syntax:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa35043662"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">ps <span class="token property">-C</span> mysqld H <span class="token property">-o</span> <span class="token atrule">"pid tid cmd comm"</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Without export of thread names to the operating system, the
command displays output like this, where most
<code class="literal">
COMMAND
</code>
values are
<code class="literal">
mysqld
</code>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa41864560"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none"> PID TID CMD COMMAND
1377 1377 /usr/sbin/mysqld mysqld
1377 1528 /usr/sbin/mysqld mysqld
1377 1529 /usr/sbin/mysqld mysqld
1377 1530 /usr/sbin/mysqld mysqld
1377 1531 /usr/sbin/mysqld mysqld
1377 1534 /usr/sbin/mysqld mysqld
1377 1535 /usr/sbin/mysqld mysqld
1377 1588 /usr/sbin/mysqld xpl_worker1
1377 1589 /usr/sbin/mysqld xpl_worker0
1377 1590 /usr/sbin/mysqld mysqld
1377 1594 /usr/sbin/mysqld mysqld
1377 1595 /usr/sbin/mysqld mysqld</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
With export of thread names to the operating system, the
output looks like this, with threads having a name similar to
their instrument name:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa37107104"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none"> PID TID CMD COMMAND
27668 27668 /usr/sbin/mysqld mysqld
27668 27671 /usr/sbin/mysqld ib_io_ibuf
27668 27672 /usr/sbin/mysqld ib_io_log
27668 27673 /usr/sbin/mysqld ib_io_rd-1
27668 27674 /usr/sbin/mysqld ib_io_rd-2
27668 27677 /usr/sbin/mysqld ib_io_wr-1
27668 27678 /usr/sbin/mysqld ib_io_wr-2
27668 27699 /usr/sbin/mysqld xpl_worker-2
27668 27700 /usr/sbin/mysqld xpl_accept-1
27668 27710 /usr/sbin/mysqld evt_sched
27668 27711 /usr/sbin/mysqld sig_handler
27668 27933 /usr/sbin/mysqld connection</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Different thread instances within the same class are numbered
to provide distinct names where that is feasible. Due to
constraints on name lengths with respect to potentially large
numbers of connections, connections are named simply
<code class="literal">
connection
</code>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/firewall-installation.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="firewall-installation">
</a>
8.4.7.2 Installing or Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Firewall
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045234591088">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045234589616">
</a>
<p>
MySQL Enterprise Firewall installation is a one-time operation that installs the
elements described in
<a class="xref" href="firewall-elements.html" title="8.4.7.1 Elements of MySQL Enterprise Firewall">
Section 8.4.7.1, “Elements of MySQL Enterprise Firewall”
</a>
.
Installation can be performed using a graphical interface or
manually:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
On Windows, MySQL Configurator includes an option to enable MySQL Enterprise Firewall
for you.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
MySQL Workbench 6.3.4 or higher can install MySQL Enterprise Firewall, enable or
disable an installed firewall, or uninstall the firewall.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Manual MySQL Enterprise Firewall installation involves running a script located
in the
<code class="filename">
share
</code>
directory of your MySQL
installation.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
Read this entire section before following its instructions.
Parts of the procedure differ depending on your environment.
</p>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
If installed, MySQL Enterprise Firewall involves some minimal overhead even when
disabled. To avoid this overhead, do not install the firewall
unless you plan to use it.
</p>
</div>
<p>
For usage instructions, see
<a class="xref" href="firewall-usage.html" title="8.4.7.3 Using MySQL Enterprise Firewall">
Section 8.4.7.3, “Using MySQL Enterprise Firewall”
</a>
.
For reference information, see
<a class="xref" href="firewall-reference.html" title="8.4.7.4 MySQL Enterprise Firewall Reference">
Section 8.4.7.4, “MySQL Enterprise Firewall Reference”
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="firewall-installation.html#firewall-install" title="Installing MySQL Enterprise Firewall">
Installing MySQL Enterprise Firewall
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="firewall-installation.html#firewall-uninstall" title="Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Firewall">
Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Firewall
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="firewall-install">
</a>
Installing MySQL Enterprise Firewall
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
If MySQL Enterprise Firewall is already installed from an older version of MySQL,
uninstall it using the instructions given later in this
section and then restart your server before installing the
current version. In this case, it is also necessary to
register your configuration again.
</p>
<p>
On Windows, you can use
<a class="xref" href="mysql-configurator.html" title="2.3.2 Configuration: Using MySQL Configurator">
Section 2.3.2, “Configuration: Using MySQL Configurator”
</a>
to install MySQL Enterprise Firewall by checking the
<span class="guilabel">
Enable MySQL
Enterprise Firewall
</span>
check box from the
<code class="literal">
Type and Networking
</code>
tab. (
<span class="guilabel">
Open
Firewall port for network access
</span>
has a different
purpose. It refers to Windows Firewall and controls whether
Windows blocks the TCP/IP port on which the MySQL server
listens for client connections.)
</p>
<p>
To install MySQL Enterprise Firewall using MySQL Workbench, see
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/workbench/en/wb-mysql-firewall.html" target="_top">
MySQL Enterprise Firewall Interface
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
To install MySQL Enterprise Firewall manually, look in the
<code class="filename">
share
</code>
directory of your MySQL
installation and choose the script that is appropriate for
your platform. The available scripts differ in the file name
used to refer to the script:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="filename">
win_install_firewall.sql
</code>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="filename">
linux_install_firewall.sql
</code>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The installation script creates stored procedures and tables
in the firewall database you specify when you run the script.
The
<code class="literal">
mysql
</code>
system database is the
traditional storage option, however, it is preferred that you
create and use a custom schema for this purpose.
</p>
<p>
To use the
<code class="literal">
mysql
</code>
system database, run the
script as follows from the command line. The example here uses
the Linux installation script. Make the appropriate
substitutions for your system.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa13037783"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysql</span> <span class="token property">-u</span> root <span class="token property">-p</span> <span class="token property">-D</span> mysql < linux_install_firewall<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sql
Enter password<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation"></span><em class="replaceable"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>enter root password here<span class="token punctuation">)</span></em><span class="token punctuation"></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To create and use a custom schema with the script, do the
following:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Start the server with the
<code class="literal">
--loose-mysql-firewall-database=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
database-name
</code>
</em>
</code>
option. Insert the name of the custom schema to be used as
the firewall database.
</p>
<p>
By prefixing the option with
<code class="literal">
--loose
</code>
,
the program does not emit an error and exit, but instead
issues only a warning.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Invoke the MySQL client program and create the custom
schema on the server.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa52816717"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">DATABASE</span> <span class="token keyword">IF</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token keyword">EXISTS</span> <span class="token keyword"></span><em class="replaceable"><span class="token keyword">database</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token keyword">name</span></em><span class="token keyword"></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Run the script, naming the custom schema as the database
for MySQL Enterprise Firewall.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa77565437"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysql</span> <span class="token property">-u</span> root <span class="token property">-p</span> <span class="token property">-D</span> <em class="replaceable">database-name</em> < linux_install_firewall<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sql
Enter password<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation"></span><em class="replaceable"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>enter root password here<span class="token punctuation">)</span></em><span class="token punctuation"></span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
Installing MySQL Enterprise Firewall either using a graphical interface or
manually should enable the firewall. To verify that, connect
to the server and execute this statement:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa79055102"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">GLOBAL</span> <span class="token keyword">VARIABLES</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'mysql_firewall_mode'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Variable_name <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Value <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> mysql_firewall_mode <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If the plugin fails to initialize, check the server error log
for diagnostic messages.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
To use MySQL Enterprise Firewall in the context of source/replica replication,
Group Replication, or InnoDB Cluster, you must prepare the
replica nodes prior to running the installation script on
the source node. This is necessary because the
<a class="link" href="install-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.4 INSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSTALL PLUGIN
</code>
</a>
statements in
the script are not replicated.
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
On each replica node, extract the
<a class="link" href="install-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.4 INSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSTALL PLUGIN
</code>
</a>
statements
from the installation script and execute them manually.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
On the source node, run the installation script as
described previously.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="firewall-uninstall">
</a>
Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Firewall
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
MySQL Enterprise Firewall can be uninstalled using MySQL Workbench or manually.
</p>
<p>
To uninstall MySQL Enterprise Firewall using MySQL Workbench 6.3.4 or higher, see
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/workbench/en/wb-mysql-firewall.html" target="_top">
MySQL Enterprise Firewall Interface
</a>
, in
<a class="xref" href="workbench.html" title="Chapter 33 MySQL Workbench">
Chapter 33,
<i>
MySQL Workbench
</i>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
To uninstall MySQL Enterprise Firewall at the command line, run the uninstall
script located in the
<code class="literal">
share
</code>
directory of
your MySQL installation. The example here specifies the system
database,
<code class="literal">
mysql
</code>
.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa52953119"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysql</span> <span class="token property">-u</span> root <span class="token property">-p</span> <span class="token property">-D</span> mysql < uninstall_firewall<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sql
Enter password<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation"></span><em class="replaceable"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>enter root password here<span class="token punctuation">)</span></em><span class="token punctuation"></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If you created a custom schema when you installed MySQL Enterprise Firewall, make
the appropriate substitution for your system.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa97088465"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysql</span> <span class="token property">-u</span> root <span class="token property">-p</span> <span class="token property">-D</span> <em class="replaceable">database-name</em> < uninstall_firewall<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sql
Enter password<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation"></span><em class="replaceable"><span class="token punctuation">(</span>enter root password here<span class="token punctuation">)</span></em><span class="token punctuation"></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
This script removes the plugins, tables, functions, and stored
procedures for MySQL Enterprise Firewall.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/dynindex-statement.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="index">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="dynindex-statement">
</a>
Statement/Syntax Index
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<a name="stmt-index-top">
</a>
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-A" title="A">
A
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-B" title="B">
B
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-C" title="C">
C
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-D" title="D">
D
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-E" title="E">
E
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-F" title="F">
F
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-G" title="G">
G
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-H" title="H">
H
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-I" title="I">
I
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-J" title="J">
J
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-K" title="K">
K
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-L" title="L">
L
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-O" title="O">
O
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-P" title="P">
P
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-R" title="R">
R
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-S" title="S">
S
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-T" title="T">
T
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-U" title="U">
U
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-V" title="V">
V
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-W" title="W">
W
</a>
|
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-X" title="X">
X
</a>
</p>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-A">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
A
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ADD PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER DATABASE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-applications.html" title="12.5 Configuring Application Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.5, “Configuring Application Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-database.html" title="12.3.3 Database Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.3, “Database Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules-db-options.html" title="19.2.5.1 Evaluation of Database-Level Replication and Binary Logging Options">
Section 19.2.5.1, “Evaluation of Database-Level Replication and Binary Logging Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules.html" title="19.2.5 How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules">
Section 19.2.5, “How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER EVENT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-additionalslaves.html" title="19.1.2.8 Adding Replicas to a Replication Environment">
Section 19.1.2.8, “Adding Replicas to a Replication Environment”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.3, “ALTER EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.13, “CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-metadata.html" title="27.4.4 Event Metadata">
Section 27.4.4, “Event Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-overview.html" title="27.4.1 Event Scheduler Overview">
Section 27.4.1, “Event Scheduler Overview”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-syntax.html" title="27.4.3 Event Syntax">
Section 27.4.3, “Event Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-setup-replicas.html#replication-howto-existingdata" title="19.1.2.6.2 Setting Up Replication with Existing Data">
Section 19.1.2.6.2, “Setting Up Replication with Existing Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-events.html" title="15.7.7.19 SHOW EVENTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.19, “SHOW EVENTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects-security.html" title="27.6 Stored Object Access Control">
Section 27.6, “Stored Object Access Control”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-privileges.html" title="27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.4.6, “The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-events-table.html" title="28.3.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table">
Section 28.3.14, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER EVENT event_name ENABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER FUNCTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-function.html" title="15.1.4 ALTER FUNCTION Statement">
Section 15.1.4, “ALTER FUNCTION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-syntax.html" title="27.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax">
Section 27.2.1, “Stored Routine Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER IGNORE TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER INSTANCE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-instance.html" title="15.1.5 ALTER INSTANCE Statement">
Section 15.1.5, “ALTER INSTANCE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-redo-log.html" title="17.6.5 Redo Log">
Section 17.6.5, “Redo Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER INSTANCE DISABLE INNODB REDO_LOG
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-redo-log.html" title="17.6.5 Redo Log">
Section 17.6.5, “Redo Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER INSTANCE INNODB REDO_LOG
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-instance.html" title="15.1.5 ALTER INSTANCE Statement">
Section 15.1.5, “ALTER INSTANCE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-redo-log.html" title="17.6.5 Redo Log">
Section 17.6.5, “Redo Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER INSTANCE RELOAD KEYRING
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-instance.html" title="15.1.5 ALTER INSTANCE Statement">
Section 15.1.5, “ALTER INSTANCE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-component-installation.html" title="8.4.4.2 Keyring Component Installation">
Section 8.4.4.2, “Keyring Component Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-oci-component.html" title="8.4.4.9 Using the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vault Keyring Component">
Section 8.4.4.9, “Using the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vault Keyring Component”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER INSTANCE RELOAD TLS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3.1, “Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reusing-ssl-sessions.html" title="8.3.5 Reusing SSL Sessions">
Section 8.3.5, “Reusing SSL Sessions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-secure-socket-layer-support-ssl.html" title="20.6.2 Securing Group Communication Connections with Secure Socket Layer (SSL)">
Section 20.6.2, “Securing Group Communication Connections with Secure Socket Layer (SSL)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-tls-channel-status-table.html" title="29.12.22.9 The tls_channel_status Table">
Section 29.12.22.9, “The tls_channel_status Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER INSTANCE ROTATE BINLOG MASTER KEY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-binlog-encryption-key-rotation.html" title="19.3.2.3 Binary Log Master Key Rotation">
Section 19.3.2.3, “Binary Log Master Key Rotation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER INSTANCE ROTATE INNODB MASTER KEY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-tablespace-encryption.html" title="A.17 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section A.17, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER INSTANCE {ENABLE|DISABLE} INNODB REDO_LOG
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-innodb-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables">
Section 10.5.5, “Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER LOGFILE GROUP
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.6 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.1.6, “ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbd-definition.html" title="25.4.3.6 Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes">
Section 25.4.3.6, “Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html" title="25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects">
Section 25.6.11.1, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-files-table.html" title="28.3.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table">
Section 28.3.15, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER PROCEDURE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-procedure.html" title="15.1.7 ALTER PROCEDURE Statement">
Section 15.1.7, “ALTER PROCEDURE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-syntax.html" title="27.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax">
Section 27.2.1, “Stored Routine Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER RESOURCE GROUP
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-resource-group.html" title="15.7.2.1 ALTER RESOURCE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.7.2.1, “ALTER RESOURCE GROUP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="resource-groups.html" title="7.1.16 Resource Groups">
Section 7.1.16, “Resource Groups”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER SCHEMA
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER SERVER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-alter-drop-server.html" title="19.5.1.5 Replication of CREATE SERVER, ALTER SERVER, and DROP SERVER">
Section 19.5.1.5, “Replication of CREATE SERVER, ALTER SERVER, and DROP SERVER”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-example.html" title="25.6.7.3 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example">
Section 25.6.7.3, “Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-generated-columns.html" title="15.1.9.2 ALTER TABLE and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.9.2, “ALTER TABLE and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-examples.html" title="15.1.9.3 ALTER TABLE Examples">
Section 15.1.9.3, “ALTER TABLE Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
Section 15.1.9.1, “ALTER TABLE Partition Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="analyze-table.html" title="15.7.3.1 ANALYZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.1, “ANALYZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-binary-log.html" title="19.1.6.4 Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.4, “Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="cast-functions.html" title="14.10 Cast Functions and Operators">
Section 14.10, “Cast Functions and Operators”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
Section 15.4.2.2, “CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="check-table.html" title="15.7.3.2 CHECK TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.2, “CHECK TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-column.html" title="12.3.5 Column Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.5, “Column Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-conversion.html" title="12.7 Column Character Set Conversion">
Section 12.7, “Column Character Set Conversion”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="column-indexes.html" title="10.3.5 Column Indexes">
Section 10.3.5, “Column Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-optimizer-statistics.html" title="17.8.10 Configuring Optimizer Statistics for InnoDB">
Section 17.8.10, “Configuring Optimizer Statistics for InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-persistent-stats.html#innodb-persistent-stats-table-configuration" title="17.8.10.1.2 Configuring Optimizer Statistics Parameters for Individual Tables">
Section 17.8.10.1.2, “Configuring Optimizer Statistics Parameters for Individual Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-page-merge-threshold.html" title="17.8.11 Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages">
Section 17.8.11, “Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-consistent-read.html" title="17.7.2.3 Consistent Nonlocking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.3, “Consistent Nonlocking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-unicode-conversion.html" title="12.9.8 Converting Between 3-Byte and 4-Byte Unicode Character Sets">
Section 12.9.8, “Converting Between 3-Byte and 4-Byte Unicode Character Sets”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="converting-tables-to-innodb.html" title="17.6.1.5 Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.5, “Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-index.html" title="15.1.15 CREATE INDEX Statement">
Section 15.1.15, “CREATE INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-select.html" title="15.1.20.4 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.1.20.4, “CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-tables.html" title="5.3.2 Creating a Table">
Section 5.3.2, “Creating a Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-usage.html" title="17.9.1.2 Creating Compressed Tables">
Section 17.9.1.2, “Creating Compressed Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-innodb-tables.html" title="17.6.1.1 Creating InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.1, “Creating InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-spatial-columns.html" title="13.4.6 Creating Spatial Columns">
Section 13.4.6, “Creating Spatial Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-spatial-indexes.html" title="13.4.10 Creating Spatial Indexes">
Section 13.4.10, “Creating Spatial Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-type-defaults.html" title="13.6 Data Type Default Values">
Section 13.6, “Data Type Default Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbd-definition.html" title="25.4.3.6 Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes">
Section 25.4.3.6, “Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-file-defragmenting.html" title="17.11.4 Defragmenting a Table">
Section 17.11.4, “Defragmenting a Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rbr-safe-unsafe.html" title="19.2.1.3 Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging">
Section 19.2.1.3, “Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-index.html" title="15.1.27 DROP INDEX Statement">
Section 15.1.27, “DROP INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-analyze-table-complexity.html" title="17.8.10.3 Estimating ANALYZE TABLE Complexity for InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.8.10.3, “Estimating ANALYZE TABLE Complexity for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-exchange.html" title="26.3.3 Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables">
Section 26.3.3, “Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-usagenotes.html" title="18.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips">
Section 18.8.3, “FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-file-per-table-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.2 File-Per-Table Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.2, “File-Per-Table Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-fine-tuning.html" title="14.9.6 Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search">
Section 14.9.6, “Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="forcing-innodb-recovery.html" title="17.20.3 Forcing InnoDB Recovery">
Section 17.20.3, “Forcing InnoDB Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="constraint-foreign-key.html" title="1.7.3.2 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 1.7.3.2, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-search.html" title="14.9 Full-Text Search Functions">
Section 14.9, “Full-Text Search Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-gipks.html" title="15.1.20.11 Generated Invisible Primary Keys">
Section 15.1.20.11, “Generated Invisible Primary Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-internals.html" title="17.9.1.5 How Compression Works for InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.9.1.5, “How Compression Works for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="full-disk.html" title="B.3.3.4 How MySQL Handles a Full Disk">
Section B.3.3.4, “How MySQL Handles a Full Disk”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-repair.html" title="9.6.3 How to Repair MyISAM Tables">
Section 9.6.3, “How to Repair MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-install-configuration.html" title="25.3.3 Initial Configuration of NDB Cluster">
Section 25.3.3, “Initial Configuration of NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-statistics.html" title="10.3.8 InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection">
Section 10.3.8, “InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl.html" title="17.12 InnoDB and Online DDL">
Section 17.12, “InnoDB and Online DDL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-fulltext-index.html" title="17.6.2.4 InnoDB Full-Text Indexes">
Section 17.6.2.4, “InnoDB Full-Text Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-schema.html" title="17.16 InnoDB Integration with MySQL Performance Schema">
Section 17.16, “InnoDB Integration with MySQL Performance Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-page-compression.html" title="17.9.2 InnoDB Page Compression">
Section 17.9.2, “InnoDB Page Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-row-format.html" title="17.10 InnoDB Row Formats">
Section 17.10, “InnoDB Row Formats”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-compression.html" title="17.9.1 InnoDB Table Compression">
Section 17.9.1, “InnoDB Table Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-indexes.html" title="10.3.12 Invisible Indexes">
Section 10.3.12, “Invisible Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-key.html" title="26.2.5 KEY Partitioning">
Section 26.2.5, “KEY Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kill.html" title="15.7.8.4 KILL Statement">
Section 15.7.8.4, “KILL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="known-issues.html" title="B.3.7 Known Issues in MySQL">
Section B.3.7, “Known Issues in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-multiple-nodes.html" title="25.2.7.10 Limitations Relating to Multiple NDB Cluster Nodes">
Section 25.2.7.10, “Limitations Relating to Multiple NDB Cluster Nodes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-limits.html" title="25.2.7.2 Limits and Differences of NDB Cluster from Standard MySQL Limits">
Section 25.2.7.2, “Limits and Differences of NDB Cluster from Standard MySQL Limits”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table-size-limit.html" title="10.4.6 Limits on Table Size">
Section 10.4.6, “Limits on Table Size”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-transactions.html" title="25.2.7.3 Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.3, “Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-hash-key.html" title="26.3.2 Management of HASH and KEY Partitions">
Section 26.3.2, “Management of HASH and KEY Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-range-list.html" title="26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions">
Section 26.3.1, “Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-search-mecab.html" title="14.9.9 MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin">
Section 14.9.9, “MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="monitor-alter-table-performance-schema.html" title="17.16.1 Monitoring ALTER TABLE Progress for InnoDB Tables Using Performance Schema">
Section 17.16.1, “Monitoring ALTER TABLE Progress for InnoDB Tables Using Performance
Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-migration.html" title="17.6.1.4 Moving or Copying InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.4, “Moving or Copying InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-start.html" title="18.2.1 MyISAM Startup Options">
Section 18.2.1, “MyISAM Startup Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-table-formats.html" title="18.2.3 MyISAM Table Storage Formats">
Section 18.2.3, “MyISAM Table Storage Formats”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisamchk-general-options.html" title="6.6.4.1 myisamchk General Options">
Section 6.6.4.1, “myisamchk General Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-mysql-cluster.html" title="A.10 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: NDB Cluster">
Section A.10, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-program-options-mysqld" title="25.4.3.9.1 MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster">
Section 25.4.3.9.1, “MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-config-example.html" title="25.4.3.1 NDB Cluster Configuration: Basic Example">
Section 25.4.3.1, “NDB Cluster Configuration: Basic Example”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html" title="25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects">
Section 25.6.11.1, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-install-example-data.html" title="25.3.5 NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data">
Section 25.3.5, “NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-schema.html" title="25.7.4 NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables">
Section 25.7.4, “NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-desc.html" title="25.5.9 ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables">
Section 25.5.9, “ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-restore.html" title="25.5.23 ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup">
Section 25.5.23, “ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-search-ngram.html" title="14.9.8 ngram Full-Text Parser">
Section 14.9.8, “ngram Full-Text Parser”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-syntax.html" title="25.2.7.1 Noncompliance with SQL Syntax in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.1, “Noncompliance with SQL Syntax in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-failure-conditions.html" title="17.12.7 Online DDL Failure Conditions">
Section 17.12.7, “Online DDL Failure Conditions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-limitations.html" title="17.12.8 Online DDL Limitations">
Section 17.12.8, “Online DDL Limitations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-performance.html" title="17.12.2 Online DDL Performance and Concurrency">
Section 17.12.2, “Online DDL Performance and Concurrency”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-operations.html" title="25.6.12 Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.12, “Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.4, “OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-size.html" title="10.4.1 Optimizing Data Size">
Section 10.4.1, “Optimizing Data Size”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="out-of-range-and-overflow.html" title="13.1.7 Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling">
Section 13.1.7, “Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-overview.html" title="26.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQL">
Section 26.1, “Overview of Partitioning in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-background.html" title="17.9.1.1 Overview of Table Compression">
Section 17.9.1.1, “Overview of Table Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management.html" title="26.3 Partition Management">
Section 26.3, “Partition Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations-partitioning-keys-unique-keys.html" title="26.6.1 Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys">
Section 26.6.1, “Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations-storage-engines.html" title="26.6.2 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines">
Section 26.6.2, “Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-stage-tables.html" title="29.12.5 Performance Schema Stage Event Tables">
Section 29.12.5, “Performance Schema Stage Event Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrade-prerequisites.html" title="3.6 Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade">
Section 3.6, “Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-problems.html" title="B.3.6.1 Problems with ALTER TABLE">
Section B.3.6.1, “Problems with ALTER TABLE”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-columns-range.html" title="26.2.3.1 RANGE COLUMNS partitioning">
Section 26.2.3.1, “RANGE COLUMNS partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-range.html" title="26.2.1 RANGE Partitioning">
Section 26.2.1, “RANGE Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rebuilding-tables.html" title="3.14 Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes">
Section 3.14, “Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-file-removal.html" title="16.2 Removal of File-based Metadata Storage">
Section 16.2, “Removal of File-based Metadata Storage”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rename-table.html" title="15.1.36 RENAME TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.36, “RENAME TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-auto-increment.html" title="19.5.1.1 Replication and AUTO_INCREMENT">
Section 19.5.1.1, “Replication and AUTO_INCREMENT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-reserved-words.html" title="19.5.1.26 Replication and Reserved Words">
Section 19.5.1.26, “Replication and Reserved Words”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-differing-tables.html#replication-features-more-columns" title="19.5.1.9.1 Replication with More Columns on Source or Replica">
Section 19.5.1.9.1, “Replication with More Columns on Source or Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-restrictions.html" title="27.9 Restrictions on Views">
Section 27.9, “Restrictions on Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-ndb-comment-options.html" title="15.1.20.12 Setting NDB Comment Options">
Section 15.1.20.12, “Setting NDB Comment Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-setting.html" title="7.4.4.2 Setting The Binary Log Format">
Section 7.4.4.2, “Setting The Binary Log Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="storage-engine-setting.html" title="18.1 Setting the Storage Engine">
Section 18.1, “Setting the Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-engine.html" title="15.7.7.16 SHOW ENGINE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.16, “SHOW ENGINE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-index.html" title="15.7.7.23 SHOW INDEX Statement">
Section 15.7.7.23, “SHOW INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-tables.html" title="15.7.7.39 SHOW TABLES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.39, “SHOW TABLES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-warnings.html" title="15.7.7.42 SHOW WARNINGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.42, “SHOW WARNINGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="silent-column-changes.html" title="15.1.20.7 Silent Column Specification Changes">
Section 15.1.20.7, “Silent Column Specification Changes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-single-multi.html" title="17.12.6 Simplifying DDL Statements with Online DDL">
Section 17.12.6, “Simplifying DDL Statements with Online DDL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-syntax-warnings.html" title="17.9.1.7 SQL Compression Syntax Warnings and Errors">
Section 17.9.1.7, “SQL Compression Syntax Warnings and Errors”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="string-type-syntax.html" title="13.3.1 String Data Type Syntax">
Section 13.3.1, “String Data Type Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-table.html" title="12.3.4 Table Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.4, “Table Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-tablespace-autoextend-size.html" title="17.6.3.9 Tablespace AUTOEXTEND_SIZE Configuration">
Section 17.6.3.9, “Tablespace AUTOEXTEND_SIZE Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="temporary-table-problems.html" title="B.3.6.2 TEMPORARY Table Problems">
Section B.3.6.2, “TEMPORARY Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tables-table.html" title="28.4.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table">
Section 28.4.23, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-partitions-table.html" title="28.3.21 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table">
Section 28.3.21, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-statistics-table.html" title="28.3.34 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table">
Section 28.3.34, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-storage-engine.html" title="18.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine">
Section 18.3, “The MEMORY Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-storage-engine.html" title="18.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine">
Section 18.2, “The MyISAM Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-blobs.html" title="25.6.17.4 The ndbinfo blobs Table">
Section 25.6.17.4, “The ndbinfo blobs Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="slow-query-log.html" title="7.4.5 The Slow Query Log">
Section 7.4.5, “The Slow Query Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-unsupported.html" title="25.2.7.6 Unsupported or Missing Features in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.6, “Unsupported or Missing Features in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="example-auto-increment.html" title="5.6.9 Using AUTO_INCREMENT">
Section 5.6.9, “Using AUTO_INCREMENT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-diffengines.html" title="19.4.4 Using Replication with Different Source and Replica Storage Engines">
Section 19.4.4, “Using Replication with Different Source and Replica Storage Engines”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="symbolic-links-to-tables.html" title="10.12.2.2 Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix">
Section 10.12.2.2, “Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="crashing.html" title="B.3.3.3 What to Do If MySQL Keeps Crashing">
Section B.3.3.3, “What to Do If MySQL Keeps Crashing”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="temporary-files.html" title="B.3.3.5 Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files">
Section B.3.3.5, “Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-columns-table.html" title="28.4.9 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_COLUMNS Table">
Section 28.4.9, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_COLUMNS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN ... ALGORITHM=INSTANT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ADD FOREIGN KEY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ADD PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-range-list.html" title="26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions">
Section 26.3.1, “Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ALGORITHM=COPY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ALGORITHM=DEFAULT|INPLACE|COPY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-operations.html" title="25.6.12 Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.12, “Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ALGORITHM=INPLACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-limitations.html" title="17.12.8 Online DDL Limitations">
Section 17.12.8, “Online DDL Limitations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ALGORITHM=INPLACE, REORGANIZE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-basics.html" title="25.6.7.2 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Basic procedure">
Section 25.6.7.2, “Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Basic procedure”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-example.html" title="25.6.7.3 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example">
Section 25.6.7.3, “Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ALGORITHM=INSTANT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tables-table.html" title="28.4.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table">
Section 28.4.23, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... AUTO_INCREMENT = N
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html" title="17.6.1.6 AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.6, “AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... COMPRESSION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-page-compression.html" title="17.9.2 InnoDB Page Compression">
Section 17.9.2, “InnoDB Page Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... COMPRESSION=None
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-page-compression.html" title="17.9.2 InnoDB Page Compression">
Section 17.9.2, “InnoDB Page Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="analyze-table.html" title="15.7.3.1 ANALYZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.1, “ANALYZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... DISABLE KEYS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
Section 15.2.9, “LOAD DATA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... DISCARD PARTITION ... TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-import.html" title="17.6.1.3 Importing InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.3, “Importing InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... DISCARD TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-import.html" title="17.6.1.3 Importing InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.3, “Importing InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tablespaces-table.html" title="28.4.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES Table">
Section 28.4.24, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... DROP FOREIGN KEY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... DROP PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-partitioning.html" title="19.5.1.24 Replication and Partitioning">
Section 19.5.1.24, “Replication and Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ENABLE KEYS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
Section 15.2.9, “LOAD DATA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ENCRYPTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-instance.html" title="15.1.5 ALTER INSTANCE Statement">
Section 15.1.5, “ALTER INSTANCE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ENGINE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ENGINE = MEMORY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-memory.html" title="19.5.1.21 Replication and MEMORY Tables">
Section 19.5.1.21, “Replication and MEMORY Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ENGINE permitted_engine
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ENGINE=INNODB
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-schema.html" title="25.7.4 NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables">
Section 25.7.4, “NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... ENGINE=NDB
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-import.html" title="25.5.13 ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB">
Section 25.5.13, “ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... EXCHANGE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-exchange.html" title="26.3.3 Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables">
Section 26.3.3, “Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... FORCE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.4, “OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... IMPORT PARTITION ... TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-import.html" title="17.6.1.3 Importing InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.3, “Importing InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... IMPORT TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-import.html" title="17.6.1.3 Importing InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.3, “Importing InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-migration.html" title="17.6.1.4 Moving or Copying InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.4, “Moving or Copying InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... OPTIMIZE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations-storage-engines.html" title="26.6.2 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines">
Section 26.6.2, “Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... PARTITION BY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations-partitioning-keys-unique-keys.html" title="26.6.1 Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys">
Section 26.6.1, “Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... PARTITION BY ...
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-range-list.html" title="26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions">
Section 26.3.1, “Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... RENAME
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="symbolic-links-to-tables.html" title="10.12.2.2 Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix">
Section 10.12.2.2, “Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... REORGANIZE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-example.html" title="25.6.7.3 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example">
Section 25.6.7.3, “Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-remarks.html" title="25.6.7.1 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: General Issues">
Section 25.6.7.1, “Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: General Issues”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-mgm-client-commands.html" title="25.6.1 Commands in the NDB Cluster Management Client">
Section 25.6.1, “Commands in the NDB Cluster Management Client”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... REPAIR PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-exchange.html" title="26.3.3 Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables">
Section 26.3.3, “Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... TRUNCATE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management.html" title="26.3 Partition Management">
Section 26.3, “Partition Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ... TRUNCATE PARTITION ALL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ...IMPORT TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-exchange.html" title="26.3.3 Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables">
Section 26.3.3, “Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE mysql.ndb_apply_status ENGINE=MyISAM
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-issues.html" title="25.7.3 Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.3, “Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE ndb_table ... ALGORITHM=INPLACE, TABLESPACE=new_tablespace
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-operations.html" title="25.6.12 Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.12, “Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE t TRUNCATE PARTITION ()
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="delete.html" title="15.2.2 DELETE Statement">
Section 15.2.2, “DELETE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE table_name ENGINE=InnoDB;
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-benchmarking.html" title="17.1.4 Testing and Benchmarking with InnoDB">
Section 17.1.4, “Testing and Benchmarking with InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE table_name REORGANIZE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-example.html" title="25.6.7.3 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example">
Section 25.6.7.3, “Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE tbl_name ENCRYPTION = 'Y'
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-tablespace-encryption.html" title="A.17 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section A.17, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE tbl_name ENGINE=engine_name
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-read-only-instance.html" title="17.8.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation">
Section 17.8.2, “Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-usage-differences.html" title="16.7 Data Dictionary Usage Differences">
Section 16.7, “Data Dictionary Usage Differences”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE tbl_name ENGINE=INNODB
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-file-defragmenting.html" title="17.11.4 Defragmenting a Table">
Section 17.11.4, “Defragmenting a Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE tbl_name FORCE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-file-defragmenting.html" title="17.11.4 Defragmenting a Table">
Section 17.11.4, “Defragmenting a Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLE tbl_name TABLESPACE tablespace_name
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-tablespace.html" title="15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.10, “ALTER TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbd-definition.html" title="25.4.3.6 Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes">
Section 25.4.3.6, “Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-tablespace.html" title="15.1.33 DROP TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.33, “DROP TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html" title="25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects">
Section 25.6.11.1, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-tablespace-autoextend-size.html" title="17.6.3.9 Tablespace AUTOEXTEND_SIZE Configuration">
Section 17.6.3.9, “Tablespace AUTOEXTEND_SIZE Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-files-table.html" title="28.3.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table">
Section 28.3.15, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLESPACE ... ADD DATAFILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLESPACE ... DROP DATAFILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-tablespace.html" title="15.1.33 DROP TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.33, “DROP TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLESPACE ... DROP DATATFILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLESPACE ... ENCRYPTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLESPACE ... ENGINE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLESPACE ... RENAME TO
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name ENCRYPTION = 'Y'
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-tablespace-encryption.html" title="A.17 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section A.17, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER UNDO TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-undo-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.4 Undo Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.4, “Undo Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER UNDO TABLESPACE ... SET INACTIVE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tablespaces-table.html" title="28.4.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES Table">
Section 28.4.24, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER UNDO TABLESPACE tablespace_name SET ACTIVE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-undo-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.4 Undo Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.4, “Undo Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER UNDO TABLESPACE tablespace_name SET INACTIVE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-undo-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.4 Undo Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.4, “Undo Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER USER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="connection-access.html" title="8.2.6 Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification">
Section 8.2.6, “Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-locking.html" title="8.2.20 Account Locking">
Section 8.2.20, “Account Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-user.html" title="15.7.1.1 ALTER USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.1, “ALTER USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="assigning-passwords.html" title="8.2.14 Assigning Account Passwords">
Section 8.2.14, “Assigning Account Passwords”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="connection-options.html" title="6.2.3 Command Options for Connecting to the Server">
Section 6.2.3, “Command Options for Connecting to the Server”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3.1, “Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-role.html" title="15.7.1.2 CREATE ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.2, “CREATE ROLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-user.html" title="15.7.1.3 CREATE USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.3, “CREATE USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-security-user.html" title="8.1.2.1 End-User Guidelines for Password Security">
Section 8.1.2.1, “End-User Guidelines for Password Security”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fips-mode.html" title="8.8 FIPS Support">
Section 8.8, “FIPS Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-directory-initialization.html" title="2.9.1 Initializing the Data Directory">
Section 2.9.1, “Initializing the Data Directory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ldap-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.7 LDAP Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.7, “LDAP Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="security-against-attack.html" title="8.1.3 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers">
Section 8.1.3, “Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multifactor-authentication.html" title="8.2.18 Multifactor Authentication">
Section 8.2.18, “Multifactor Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-command-options.html" title="6.5.1.1 mysql Client Options">
Section 6.5.1.1, “mysql Client Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-management.html" title="8.2.15 Password Management">
Section 8.2.15, “Password Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="validate-password-options-variables.html" title="8.4.3.2 Password Validation Options and Variables">
Section 8.4.3.2, “Password Validation Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.2.17 Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.2.17, “Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="proxy-users.html" title="8.2.19 Proxy Users">
Section 8.2.19, “Proxy Users”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="resetting-permissions.html#resetting-permissions-generic" title="B.3.3.2.3 Resetting the Root Password: Generic Instructions">
Section B.3.3.2.3, “Resetting the Root Password: Generic Instructions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="expired-password-handling.html" title="8.2.16 Server Handling of Expired Passwords">
Section 8.2.16, “Server Handling of Expired Passwords”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-default-role.html" title="15.7.1.9 SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.9, “SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-password.html" title="15.7.1.10 SET PASSWORD Statement">
Section 15.7.1.10, “SET PASSWORD Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="user-resources.html" title="8.2.21 Setting Account Resource Limits">
Section 8.2.21, “Setting Account Resource Limits”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="socket-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.10 Socket Peer-Credential Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.10, “Socket Peer-Credential Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-user-attributes-table.html" title="28.3.45 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_ATTRIBUTES Table">
Section 28.3.45, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_ATTRIBUTES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="validate-password.html" title="8.4.3 The Password Validation Component">
Section 8.4.3, “The Password Validation Component”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="webauthn-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.11 WebAuthn Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.11, “WebAuthn Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER USER ... ACCOUNT UNLOCK
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-user.html" title="15.7.1.1 ALTER USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.1, “ALTER USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER USER ... DEFAULT ROLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-user.html" title="15.7.1.1 ALTER USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.1, “ALTER USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-default-role.html" title="15.7.1.9 SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.9, “SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER USER ... MODIFY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER USER ... UNLOCK
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-locking.html" title="8.2.20 Account Locking">
Section 8.2.20, “Account Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-management.html" title="8.2.15 Password Management">
Section 8.2.15, “Password Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER USER user ADD factor
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multifactor-authentication.html" title="8.2.18 Multifactor Authentication">
Section 8.2.18, “Multifactor Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER USER user DROP factor
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multifactor-authentication.html" title="8.2.18 Multifactor Authentication">
Section 8.2.18, “Multifactor Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER USER user MODIFY factor
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multifactor-authentication.html" title="8.2.18 Multifactor Authentication">
Section 8.2.18, “Multifactor Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ALTER VIEW
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-view.html" title="15.1.11 ALTER VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.11, “ALTER VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects-security.html" title="27.6 Stored Object Access Control">
Section 27.6, “Stored Object Access Control”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-algorithms.html" title="27.5.2 View Processing Algorithms">
Section 27.5.2, “View Processing Algorithms”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-syntax.html" title="27.5.1 View Syntax">
Section 27.5.1, “View Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ANALYZE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ANALYZE TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="analyze-table.html" title="15.7.3.1 ANALYZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.1, “ANALYZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-persistent-stats.html#innodb-persistent-stats-auto-recalc" title="17.8.10.1.1 Configuring Automatic Statistics Calculation for Persistent Optimizer Statistics">
Section 17.8.10.1.1, “Configuring Automatic Statistics Calculation for Persistent Optimizer
Statistics”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-read-only-instance.html" title="17.8.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation">
Section 17.8.2, “Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-statistics-estimation.html" title="17.8.10.2 Configuring Non-Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters">
Section 17.8.10.2, “Configuring Non-Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-optimizer-statistics.html" title="17.8.10 Configuring Optimizer Statistics for InnoDB">
Section 17.8.10, “Configuring Optimizer Statistics for InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-persistent-stats.html#innodb-persistent-stats-table-configuration" title="17.8.10.1.2 Configuring Optimizer Statistics Parameters for Individual Tables">
Section 17.8.10.1.2, “Configuring Optimizer Statistics Parameters for Individual Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-persistent-stats.html#innodb-persistent-stats-pages-sampled" title="17.8.10.1.3 Configuring the Number of Sampled Pages for InnoDB Optimizer Statistics">
Section 17.8.10.1.3, “Configuring the Number of Sampled Pages for InnoDB Optimizer Statistics”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="controlling-optimizer.html" title="10.9 Controlling the Query Optimizer">
Section 10.9, “Controlling the Query Optimizer”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-index.html" title="15.1.15 CREATE INDEX Statement">
Section 15.1.15, “CREATE INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-usage-differences.html" title="16.7 Data Dictionary Usage Differences">
Section 16.7, “Data Dictionary Usage Differences”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-analyze-table-complexity.html" title="17.8.10.3 Estimating ANALYZE TABLE Complexity for InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.8.10.3, “Estimating ANALYZE TABLE Complexity for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-fine-tuning.html" title="14.9.6 Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search">
Section 14.9.6, “Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-persistent-stats.html#innodb-persistent-stats-delete-marked" title="17.8.10.1.4 Including Delete-marked Records in Persistent Statistics Calculations">
Section 17.8.10.1.4, “Including Delete-marked Records in Persistent Statistics Calculations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-information-schema.html" title="16.5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA and Data Dictionary Integration">
Section 16.5, “INFORMATION_SCHEMA and Data Dictionary Integration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-statistics.html" title="10.3.8 InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection">
Section 10.3.8, “InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-persistent-stats.html#innodb-persistent-stats-tables" title="17.8.10.1.5 InnoDB Persistent Statistics Tables">
Section 17.8.10.1.5, “InnoDB Persistent Statistics Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-persistent-stats.html#innodb-persistent-stats-tables-example" title="17.8.10.1.6 InnoDB Persistent Statistics Tables Example">
Section 17.8.10.1.6, “InnoDB Persistent Statistics Tables Example”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-table-maintenance.html" title="9.6 MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery">
Section 9.6, “MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisamchk-general-options.html" title="6.6.4.1 myisamchk General Options">
Section 6.6.4.1, “myisamchk General Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlcheck.html" title="6.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program">
Section 6.5.3, “mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-index-stat.html" title="25.5.14 ndb_index_stat — NDB Index Statistics Utility">
Section 25.5.14, “ndb_index_stat — NDB Index Statistics Utility”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-statistics.html" title="10.9.6 Optimizer Statistics">
Section 10.9.6, “Optimizer Statistics”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-optimization.html" title="10.2.3 Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries">
Section 10.2.3, “Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-queries-myisam.html" title="10.6.1 Optimizing MyISAM Queries">
Section 10.6.1, “Optimizing MyISAM Queries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-explain.html" title="10.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN">
Section 10.8.1, “Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-optimization.html" title="10.2.1 Optimizing SELECT Statements">
Section 10.2.1, “Optimizing SELECT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="range-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.2 Range Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.2, “Range Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-flush.html" title="19.5.1.13 Replication and FLUSH">
Section 19.5.1.13, “Replication and FLUSH”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-index.html" title="15.7.7.23 SHOW INDEX Statement">
Section 15.7.7.23, “SHOW INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tablestats-table.html" title="28.4.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESTATS View">
Section 28.4.26, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESTATS View”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-statistics-table.html" title="28.3.34 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table">
Section 28.3.34, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-tables-table.html" title="28.3.38 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table">
Section 28.3.38, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-schema.html" title="7.3 The mysql System Schema">
Section 7.3, “The mysql System Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="slow-query-log.html" title="7.4.5 The Slow Query Log">
Section 7.4.5, “The Slow Query Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-B">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
B
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
BEGIN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-autocommit-commit-rollback.html" title="17.7.2.2 autocommit, Commit, and Rollback">
Section 17.7.2.2, “autocommit, Commit, and Rollback”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="begin-end.html" title="15.6.1 BEGIN ... END Compound Statement">
Section 15.6.1, “BEGIN ... END Compound Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-conflict-resolution.html" title="25.7.12 NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution">
Section 25.7.12, “NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-transactions.html" title="19.5.1.35 Replication and Transactions">
Section 19.5.1.35, “Replication and Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
BEGIN ... END
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="begin-end.html" title="15.6.1 BEGIN ... END Compound Statement">
Section 15.6.1, “BEGIN ... END Compound Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="case.html" title="15.6.5.1 CASE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.1, “CASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-compound-statements.html" title="15.6 Compound Statement Syntax">
Section 15.6, “Compound Statement Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-trigger.html" title="15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.1.22, “CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="close.html" title="15.6.6.1 Cursor CLOSE Statement">
Section 15.6.6.1, “Cursor CLOSE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fetch.html" title="15.6.6.3 Cursor FETCH Statement">
Section 15.6.6.3, “Cursor FETCH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-handler.html" title="15.6.7.2 DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.6.7.2, “DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare.html" title="15.6.3 DECLARE Statement">
Section 15.6.3, “DECLARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-defining.html" title="27.1 Defining Stored Programs">
Section 27.1, “Defining Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-overview.html" title="27.4.1 Event Scheduler Overview">
Section 27.4.1, “Event Scheduler Overview”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="leave.html" title="15.6.5.4 LEAVE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.4, “LEAVE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-local-variable.html" title="15.6.4.1 Local Variable DECLARE Statement">
Section 15.6.4.1, “Local Variable DECLARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="local-variable-scope.html" title="15.6.4.2 Local Variable Scope and Resolution">
Section 15.6.4.2, “Local Variable Scope and Resolution”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="handler-scope.html" title="15.6.7.6 Scope Rules for Handlers">
Section 15.6.7.6, “Scope Rules for Handlers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
Section 15.3.1, “START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-labels.html" title="15.6.2 Statement Labels">
Section 15.6.2, “Statement Labels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
BINLOG
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-binary-log.html" title="19.1.6.4 Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.4, “Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binlog.html" title="15.7.8.1 BINLOG Statement">
Section 15.7.8.1, “BINLOG Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog-row-events.html" title="6.6.9.2 mysqlbinlog Row Event Display">
Section 6.6.9.2, “mysqlbinlog Row Event Display”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks-account.html" title="19.3.3.1 Privileges For The Replication PRIVILEGE_CHECKS_USER Account">
Section 19.3.3.1, “Privileges For The Replication PRIVILEGE_CHECKS_USER Account”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks.html" title="19.3.3 Replication Privilege Checks">
Section 19.3.3, “Replication Privilege Checks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rbr-usage.html" title="19.2.1.2 Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication">
Section 19.2.1.2, “Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-C">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
C
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CACHE INDEX
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="cache-index.html" title="15.7.8.2 CACHE INDEX Statement">
Section 15.7.8.2, “CACHE INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-preloading.html" title="10.10.2.4 Index Preloading">
Section 10.10.2.4, “Index Preloading”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-index.html" title="15.7.8.5 LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE Statement">
Section 15.7.8.5, “LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multiple-key-caches.html" title="10.10.2.2 Multiple Key Caches">
Section 10.10.2.2, “Multiple Key Caches”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CALL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="call.html" title="15.2.1 CALL Statement">
Section 15.2.1, “CALL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-prepared-statements.html" title="15.5 Prepared Statements">
Section 15.5, “Prepared Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects-security.html" title="27.6 Stored Object Access Control">
Section 27.6, “Stored Object Access Control”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects.html" title="Chapter 27 Stored Objects">
Chapter 27,
<i>
Stored Objects
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-syntax.html" title="27.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax">
Section 27.2.1, “Stored Routine Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CALL p()
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="resignal.html" title="15.6.7.4 RESIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.4, “RESIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CASE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-caching.html" title="10.10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs">
Section 10.10.3, “Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="case.html" title="15.6.5.1 CASE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.1, “CASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flow-control-functions.html" title="14.5 Flow Control Functions">
Section 14.5, “Flow Control Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flow-control-statements.html" title="15.6.5 Flow Control Statements">
Section 15.6.5, “Flow Control Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-adding-binlog-master.html" title="19.1.5.4 Adding Binary Log Based Replication Sources to a Multi-Source Replica">
Section 19.1.5.4, “Adding Binary Log Based Replication Sources to a Multi-Source Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-adding-gtid-master.html" title="19.1.5.3 Adding GTID-Based Sources to a Multi-Source Replica">
Section 19.1.5.3, “Adding GTID-Based Sources to a Multi-Source Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-filter.html" title="15.4.2.1 CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement">
Section 15.4.2.1, “CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules-channel-based-filters.html" title="19.2.5.4 Replication Channel Based Filters">
Section 19.2.5.4, “Replication Channel Based Filters”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.35, “SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-filters-table.html" title="29.12.11.3 The replication_applier_filters Table">
Section 29.12.11.3, “The replication_applier_filters Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-global-filters-table.html" title="29.12.11.4 The replication_applier_global_filters Table">
Section 29.12.11.4, “The replication_applier_global_filters Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER REPLICATE_DO_DB
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER REPLICATE_DO_TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-adding-instances.html#group-replication-adding-a-second-instance" title="20.2.1.6.1 Adding a Second Instance">
Section 20.2.1.6.1, “Adding a Second Instance”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-adding-instances.html#group-replication-adding-additional-instances" title="20.2.1.6.2 Adding Additional Instances">
Section 20.2.1.6.2, “Adding Additional Instances”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-adding-binlog-master.html" title="19.1.5.4 Adding Binary Log Based Replication Sources to a Multi-Source Replica">
Section 19.1.5.4, “Adding Binary Log Based Replication Sources to a Multi-Source Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-adding-gtid-master.html" title="19.1.5.3 Adding GTID-Based Sources to a Multi-Source Replica">
Section 19.1.5.3, “Adding GTID-Based Sources to a Multi-Source Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="assigning-passwords.html" title="8.2.14 Assigning Account Passwords">
Section 8.2.14, “Assigning Account Passwords”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-asynchronous-connection-failover-replica.html" title="19.4.9.2 Asynchronous Connection Failover for Replicas">
Section 19.4.9.2, “Asynchronous Connection Failover for Replicas”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-asynchronous-connection-failover-source.html" title="19.4.9.1 Asynchronous Connection Failover for Sources">
Section 19.4.9.1, “Asynchronous Connection Failover for Sources”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-backups-rawdata.html" title="19.4.1.2 Backing Up Raw Data from a Replica">
Section 19.4.1.2, “Backing Up Raw Data from a Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binlog-replication-configuration-overview.html" title="19.1.1 Binary Log File Position Based Replication Configuration Overview">
Section 19.1.1, “Binary Log File Position Based Replication Configuration Overview”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="caching-sha2-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.2 Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.2, “Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
Section 15.4.2.2, “CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-status.html" title="19.1.7.1 Checking Replication Status">
Section 19.1.7.1, “Checking Replication Status”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-replication.html" title="7.6.7.7 Cloning for Replication">
Section 7.6.7.7, “Cloning for Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-cloning.html#group-replication-cloning-operations" title="20.5.4.2.3 Cloning Operations">
Section 20.5.4.2.3, “Cloning Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-commands-single-channel.html" title="19.2.2.1 Commands for Operations on a Single Channel">
Section 19.2.2.1, “Commands for Operations on a Single Channel”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-connection-security.html" title="20.6.1 Communication Stack for Connection Security Management">
Section 20.6.1, “Communication Stack for Connection Security Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-with-prev-replication.html" title="19.2.2.2 Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements">
Section 19.2.2.2, “Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="connection-compression-control.html" title="6.2.8 Connection Compression Control">
Section 6.2.8, “Connection Compression Control”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-snapshot-method.html#replication-howto-mysqldump" title="19.1.2.5.1 Creating a Data Snapshot Using mysqldump">
Section 19.1.2.5.1, “Creating a Data Snapshot Using mysqldump”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-repuser.html" title="19.1.2.3 Creating a User for Replication">
Section 19.1.2.3, “Creating a User for Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-mode-change-online-disable-gtids.html" title="19.1.4.3 Disabling GTID Transactions Online">
Section 19.1.4.3, “Disabling GTID Transactions Online”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="encrypted-connection-protocols-ciphers.html" title="8.3.2 Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers">
Section 8.3.2, “Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-frequently-asked-questions.html" title="20.10 Frequently Asked Questions">
Section 20.10, “Frequently Asked Questions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-member-actions.html" title="14.18.1.5 Functions to Set and Reset Group Replication Member Actions">
Section 14.18.1.5, “Functions to Set and Reset Group Replication Member Actions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-gipks.html" title="15.1.20.11 Generated Invisible Primary Keys">
Section 15.1.20.11, “Generated Invisible Primary Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-requirements.html" title="20.3.1 Group Replication Requirements">
Section 20.3.1, “Group Replication Requirements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-system-variables.html" title="20.9.1 Group Replication System Variables">
Section 20.9.1, “Group Replication System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-auto-positioning.html" title="19.1.3.3 GTID Auto-Positioning">
Section 19.1.3.3, “GTID Auto-Positioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-gtids.html" title="20.4.1 GTIDs and Group Replication">
Section 20.4.1, “GTIDs and Group Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-unexpected-replica-halt.html" title="19.4.2 Handling an Unexpected Halt of a Replica">
Section 19.4.2, “Handling an Unexpected Halt of a Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-failover.html" title="25.7.8 Implementing Failover with NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.8, “Implementing Failover with NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-transaction-compression.html#binary-log-transaction-compression-monitoring" title="7.4.4.5.3 Monitoring Binary Log Transaction Compression">
Section 7.4.4.5.3, “Monitoring Binary Log Transaction Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-backups.html" title="25.7.9 NDB Cluster Backups With NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.9, “NDB Cluster Backups With NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-multi-source.html" title="25.7.10 NDB Cluster Replication: Bidirectional and Circular Replication">
Section 25.7.10, “NDB Cluster Replication: Bidirectional and Circular Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="network-namespace-support.html" title="7.1.14 Network Namespace Support">
Section 7.1.14, “Network Namespace Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-tables.html" title="29.12.11 Performance Schema Replication Tables">
Section 29.12.11, “Performance Schema Replication Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-functions-synchronization.html" title="14.18.4 Position-Based Synchronization Functions">
Section 14.18.4, “Position-Based Synchronization Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-preparation.html" title="25.7.5 Preparing the NDB Cluster for Replication">
Section 25.7.5, “Preparing the NDB Cluster for Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-cloning.html#group-replication-cloning-prerequisites" title="20.5.4.2.1 Prerequisites for Cloning">
Section 20.5.4.2.1, “Prerequisites for Cloning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks-gr.html" title="19.3.3.2 Privilege Checks For Group Replication Channels">
Section 19.3.3.2, “Privilege Checks For Group Replication Channels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks-account.html" title="19.3.3.1 Privileges For The Replication PRIVILEGE_CHECKS_USER Account">
Section 19.3.3.1, “Privileges For The Replication PRIVILEGE_CHECKS_USER Account”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-secure-user.html#group-replication-secure-user-provide" title="20.6.3.1.3 Providing Replication User Credentials Securely">
Section 20.6.3.1.3, “Providing Replication User Credentials Securely”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options.html" title="19.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6, “Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-shutdowns.html" title="19.5.1.28 Replication and Source or Replica Shutdowns">
Section 19.5.1.28, “Replication and Source or Replica Shutdowns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-transaction-inconsistencies.html" title="19.5.1.34 Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies">
Section 19.5.1.34, “Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replica-connection-thread-states.html" title="10.14.7 Replication Connection Thread States">
Section 10.14.7, “Replication Connection Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-assign-anon.html" title="19.1.3.6 Replication From a Source Without GTIDs to a Replica With GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.6, “Replication From a Source Without GTIDs to a Replica With GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replica-io-thread-states.html" title="10.14.5 Replication I/O (Receiver) Thread States">
Section 10.14.5, “Replication I/O (Receiver) Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replica-logs-status.html" title="19.2.4.2 Replication Metadata Repositories">
Section 19.2.4.2, “Replication Metadata Repositories”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-mode-change-online-concepts.html" title="19.1.4.1 Replication Mode Concepts">
Section 19.1.4.1, “Replication Mode Concepts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks.html" title="19.3.3 Replication Privilege Checks">
Section 19.3.3, “Replication Privilege Checks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-security.html" title="19.3 Replication Security">
Section 19.3, “Replication Security”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replica-sql-thread-states.html" title="10.14.6 Replication SQL Thread States">
Section 10.14.6, “Replication SQL Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-replica.html" title="15.4.2.3 RESET REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.3, “RESET REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-restrictions.html" title="19.1.3.7 Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.7, “Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-slaveinit.html" title="19.1.2.7 Setting the Source Configuration on the Replica">
Section 19.1.2.7, “Setting the Source Configuration on the Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-encrypted-connections.html" title="19.3.1 Setting Up Replication to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 19.3.1, “Setting Up Replication to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-howto.html" title="19.1.3.4 Setting Up Replication Using GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.4, “Setting Up Replication Using GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-setup-replicas.html#replication-howto-existingdata" title="19.1.2.6.2 Setting Up Replication with Existing Data">
Section 19.1.2.6.2, “Setting Up Replication with Existing Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-setup-replicas.html#replication-howto-newservers" title="19.1.2.6.1 Setting Up Replication with New Source and Replicas">
Section 19.1.2.6.1, “Setting Up Replication with New Source and Replicas”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sha256-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.3 SHA-256 Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.3, “SHA-256 Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.35, “SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html" title="19.1.7.3 Skipping Transactions">
Section 19.1.7.3, “Skipping Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html#replication-administration-skip-change-master-to" title="19.1.7.3.2.2 Skipping Transactions With CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO">
Section 19.1.7.3.2.2, “Skipping Transactions With CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html#replication-administration-skip-gtid" title="19.1.7.3.1 Skipping Transactions With GTIDs">
Section 19.1.7.3.1, “Skipping Transactions With GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html#replication-administration-skip-nogtid" title="19.1.7.3.2 Skipping Transactions Without GTIDs">
Section 19.1.7.3.2, “Skipping Transactions Without GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="start-group-replication.html" title="15.4.3.1 START GROUP_REPLICATION Statement">
Section 15.4.3.1, “START GROUP_REPLICATION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="start-replica.html" title="15.4.2.4 START REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.4, “START REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stop-replica.html" title="15.4.2.5 STOP REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.5, “STOP REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-asynchronous-connection-failover.html" title="19.4.9 Switching Sources and Replicas with Asynchronous Connection Failover">
Section 19.4.9, “Switching Sources and Replicas with Asynchronous Connection Failover”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-switch.html" title="19.4.8 Switching Sources During Failover">
Section 19.4.8, “Switching Sources During Failover”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-configuration-table.html" title="29.12.11.2 The replication_applier_configuration Table">
Section 29.12.11.2, “The replication_applier_configuration Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-connection-configuration-table.html" title="29.12.11.11 The replication_connection_configuration Table">
Section 29.12.11.11, “The replication_connection_configuration Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-connection-status-table.html" title="29.12.11.13 The replication_connection_status Table">
Section 29.12.11.13, “The replication_connection_status Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rbr-usage.html" title="19.2.1.2 Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication">
Section 19.2.1.2, “Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-user-credentials.html" title="20.2.1.3 User Credentials For Distributed Recovery">
Section 20.2.1.3, “User Credentials For Distributed Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-failover.html" title="19.1.3.5 Using GTIDs for Failover and Scaleout">
Section 19.1.3.5, “Using GTIDs for Failover and Scaleout”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin-usage.html" title="7.6.4.2 Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4.2, “Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO SOURCE_DELAY=N
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-delayed.html" title="19.4.11 Delayed Replication">
Section 19.4.11, “Delayed Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHECK PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHECK TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
Section 15.1.9.1, “ALTER TABLE Partition Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="check-table.html" title="15.7.3.2 CHECK TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.2, “CHECK TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="corrupted-myisam-tables.html" title="18.2.4.1 Corrupted MyISAM Tables">
Section 18.2.4.1, “Corrupted MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.23, “CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="external-locking.html" title="10.11.5 External Locking">
Section 10.11.5, “External Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-repair.html" title="9.6.3 How to Repair MyISAM Tables">
Section 9.6.3, “How to Repair MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bug-reports.html" title="1.6 How to Report Bugs or Problems">
Section 1.6, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innochecksum.html" title="6.6.2 innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility">
Section 6.6.2, “innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-recovery.html" title="17.18.2 InnoDB Recovery">
Section 17.18.2, “InnoDB Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-troubleshooting.html" title="17.20 InnoDB Troubleshooting">
Section 17.20, “InnoDB Troubleshooting”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-table-maintenance.html" title="9.6 MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery">
Section 9.6, “MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisamchk.html" title="6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility">
Section 6.6.4, “myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-views.html" title="A.6 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Views">
Section A.6, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="gone-away.html" title="B.3.2.7 MySQL server has gone away">
Section B.3.2.7, “MySQL server has gone away”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlcheck.html" title="6.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program">
Section 6.5.3, “mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-table-close.html" title="18.2.4.2 Problems from Tables Not Being Closed Properly">
Section 18.2.4.2, “Problems from Tables Not Being Closed Properly”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rebuilding-tables.html" title="3.14 Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes">
Section 3.14, “Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="se-csv-repair.html" title="18.4.1 Repairing and Checking CSV Tables">
Section 18.4.1, “Repairing and Checking CSV Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="cursor-restrictions.html" title="15.6.6.5 Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors">
Section 15.6.6.5, “Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-restrictions.html" title="27.9 Restrictions on Views">
Section 27.9, “Restrictions on Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-maintenance-schedule.html" title="9.6.5 Setting Up a MyISAM Table Maintenance Schedule">
Section 9.6.5, “Setting Up a MyISAM Table Maintenance Schedule”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
Section 18.5, “The ARCHIVE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-storage-engine.html" title="18.7 The MERGE Storage Engine">
Section 18.7, “The MERGE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="slow-query-log.html" title="7.4.5 The Slow Query Log">
Section 7.4.5, “The Slow Query Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrading-what-is-upgraded.html" title="3.4 What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades">
Section 3.4, “What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHECK TABLE ... EXTENDED
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="check-table.html" title="15.7.3.2 CHECK TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.2, “CHECK TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHECK TABLE ... FOR UPGRADE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="repair-table.html" title="15.7.3.5 REPAIR TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.5, “REPAIR TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHECK TABLE FOR UPGRADE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="serialized-dictionary-information.html" title="16.6 Serialized Dictionary Information (SDI)">
Section 16.6, “Serialized Dictionary Information (SDI)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHECK TABLE QUICK
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="check-table.html" title="15.7.3.2 CHECK TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.2, “CHECK TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHECKSUM TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="checksum-table.html" title="15.7.3.3 CHECKSUM TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.3, “CHECKSUM TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-checksum-table.html" title="19.5.1.4 Replication and CHECKSUM TABLE">
Section 19.5.1.4, “Replication and CHECKSUM TABLE”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CHECKSUM TABLE ... QUICK
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="checksum-table.html" title="15.7.3.3 CHECKSUM TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.3, “CHECKSUM TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CLONE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone.html" title="15.7.5 CLONE Statement">
Section 15.7.5, “CLONE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-local.html" title="7.6.7.2 Cloning Data Locally">
Section 7.6.7.2, “Cloning Data Locally”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-remote.html" title="7.6.7.3 Cloning Remote Data">
Section 7.6.7.3, “Cloning Remote Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-monitoring.html" title="7.6.7.10 Monitoring Cloning Operations">
Section 7.6.7.10, “Monitoring Cloning Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CLONE INSTANCE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-limitations.html" title="7.6.7.14 Clone Plugin Limitations">
Section 7.6.7.14, “Clone Plugin Limitations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone.html" title="15.7.5 CLONE Statement">
Section 15.7.5, “CLONE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-encrypted-data.html" title="7.6.7.5 Cloning Encrypted Data">
Section 7.6.7.5, “Cloning Encrypted Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-remote.html" title="7.6.7.3 Cloning Remote Data">
Section 7.6.7.3, “Cloning Remote Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-monitoring.html" title="7.6.7.10 Monitoring Cloning Operations">
Section 7.6.7.10, “Monitoring Cloning Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-failure-handling.html" title="7.6.7.9 Remote Cloning Operation Failure Handling">
Section 7.6.7.9, “Remote Cloning Operation Failure Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CLONE LOCAL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-monitoring.html" title="7.6.7.10 Monitoring Cloning Operations">
Section 7.6.7.10, “Monitoring Cloning Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CLONE LOCAL DATA DIRECTORY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone.html" title="15.7.5 CLONE Statement">
Section 15.7.5, “CLONE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-local.html" title="7.6.7.2 Cloning Data Locally">
Section 7.6.7.2, “Cloning Data Locally”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
COALESCE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
COMMIT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-autocommit-commit-rollback.html" title="17.7.2.2 autocommit, Commit, and Rollback">
Section 17.7.2.2, “autocommit, Commit, and Rollback”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-innodb-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables">
Section 10.5.5, “Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="converting-tables-to-innodb.html" title="17.6.1.5 Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.5, “Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-multi-primary-mode.html#group-replication-data-definition-statements" title="20.1.3.2.2 Data Definition Statements">
Section 20.1.3.2.2, “Data Definition Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-acid.html" title="17.2 InnoDB and the ACID Model">
Section 17.2, “InnoDB and the ACID Model”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-masterstatus.html" title="19.1.2.4 Obtaining the Replication Source Binary Log Coordinates">
Section 19.1.2.4, “Obtaining the Replication Source Binary Log Coordinates”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-ro-txn.html" title="10.5.3 Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions">
Section 10.5.3, “Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-transactions.html" title="19.5.1.35 Replication and Transactions">
Section 19.5.1.35, “Replication and Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin-reference.html#rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin-routines" title="7.6.4.3.2 Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin Procedures and Functions">
Section 7.6.4.3.2, “Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin Procedures and Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="savepoint.html" title="15.3.4 SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements">
Section 15.3.4, “SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="session-state-tracking.html" title="7.1.18 Server Tracking of Client Session State">
Section 7.1.18, “Server Tracking of Client Session State”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-table-status.html" title="15.7.7.38 SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.38, “SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
Section 15.3.1, “START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-tables-table.html" title="28.3.38 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table">
Section 28.3.38, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-transactional-statements.html" title="15.3 Transactional and Locking Statements">
Section 15.3, “Transactional and Locking Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
COMMIT AND CHAIN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="session-state-tracking.html" title="7.1.18 Server Tracking of Client Session State">
Section 7.1.18, “Server Tracking of Client Session State”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
COMPRESSION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE DATABASE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-types.html" title="9.1 Backup and Recovery Types">
Section 9.1, “Backup and Recovery Types”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-applications.html" title="12.5 Configuring Application Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.5, “Configuring Application Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump-copying-to-other-server.html" title="9.4.5.2 Copy a Database from one Server to Another">
Section 9.4.5.2, “Copy a Database from one Server to Another”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-database.html" title="15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.12, “CREATE DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-database.html" title="12.3.3 Database Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.3, “Database Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump-sql-format.html" title="9.4.1 Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump">
Section 9.4.1, “Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules-db-options.html" title="19.2.5.1 Evaluation of Database-Level Replication and Binary Logging Options">
Section 19.2.5.1, “Evaluation of Database-Level Replication and Binary Logging Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules.html" title="19.2.5 How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules">
Section 19.2.5, “How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="identifier-case-sensitivity.html" title="11.2.3 Identifier Case Sensitivity">
Section 11.2.3, “Identifier Case Sensitivity”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-backups.html" title="25.7.9 NDB Cluster Backups With NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.9, “NDB Cluster Backups With NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-instrument-naming.html" title="29.6 Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions">
Section 29.6, “Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reloading-sql-format-dumps.html" title="9.4.2 Reloading SQL-Format Backups">
Section 9.4.2, “Reloading SQL-Format Backups”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-server.html" title="12.3.2 Server Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.2, “Server Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-database.html" title="15.7.7.7 SHOW CREATE DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.7, “SHOW CREATE DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="symbolic-links-to-databases.html" title="10.12.2.1 Using Symbolic Links for Databases on Unix">
Section 10.12.2.1, “Using Symbolic Links for Databases on Unix”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-if-not-exists.html" title="19.5.1.6 Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.6, “Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE EVENT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.3, “ALTER EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-instance.html" title="15.1.5 ALTER INSTANCE Statement">
Section 15.1.5, “ALTER INSTANCE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-binlog-encryption-key-rotation.html" title="19.3.2.3 Binary Log Master Key Rotation">
Section 19.3.2.3, “Binary Log Master Key Rotation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.13, “CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-metadata.html" title="27.4.4 Event Metadata">
Section 27.4.4, “Event Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-syntax.html" title="27.4.3 Event Syntax">
Section 27.4.3, “Event Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="expressions.html" title="11.5 Expressions">
Section 11.5, “Expressions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-event.html" title="15.7.7.8 SHOW CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.7.7.8, “SHOW CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-events.html" title="15.7.7.19 SHOW EVENTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.19, “SHOW EVENTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects.html" title="Chapter 27 Stored Objects">
Chapter 27,
<i>
Stored Objects
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-privileges.html" title="27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.4.6, “The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-events-table.html" title="28.3.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table">
Section 28.3.14, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE EVENT IF NOT EXISTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-if-not-exists.html" title="19.5.1.6 Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.6, “Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-innodb-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables">
Section 10.5.5, “Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE FUNCTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-function.html" title="15.1.4 ALTER FUNCTION Statement">
Section 15.1.4, “ALTER FUNCTION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-function.html" title="15.1.14 CREATE FUNCTION Statement">
Section 15.1.14, “CREATE FUNCTION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-function-loadable.html" title="15.7.4.1 CREATE FUNCTION Statement for Loadable Functions">
Section 15.7.4.1, “CREATE FUNCTION Statement for Loadable Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-function-loadable.html" title="15.7.4.2 DROP FUNCTION Statement for Loadable Functions">
Section 15.7.4.2, “DROP FUNCTION Statement for Loadable Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="function-resolution.html" title="11.2.5 Function Name Parsing and Resolution">
Section 11.2.5, “Function Name Parsing and Resolution”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-functions-general-purpose.html" title="8.4.4.12 General-Purpose Keyring Key-Management Functions">
Section 8.4.4.12, “General-Purpose Keyring Key-Management Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="function-loading.html" title="7.7.1 Installing and Uninstalling Loadable Functions">
Section 7.7.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Loadable Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="version-tokens-installation.html" title="7.6.6.2 Installing or Uninstalling Version Tokens">
Section 7.6.6.2, “Installing or Uninstalling Version Tokens”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-masking-plugin-installation.html" title="8.5.3.1 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Plugin Installation">
Section 8.5.3.1, “MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Plugin Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="enterprise-encryption-installation.html" title="8.6.1 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Installation and Upgrading">
Section 8.6.1, “MySQL Enterprise Encryption Installation and Upgrading”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="obtaining-loadable-function-information.html" title="7.7.2 Obtaining Information About Loadable Functions">
Section 7.7.2, “Obtaining Information About Loadable Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-miscellaneous-tables.html" title="29.12.22 Performance Schema Miscellaneous Tables">
Section 29.12.22, “Performance Schema Miscellaneous Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="query-attributes.html" title="11.6 Query Attributes">
Section 11.6, “Query Attributes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects-security.html" title="27.6 Stored Object Access Control">
Section 27.6, “Stored Object Access Control”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects.html" title="Chapter 27 Stored Objects">
Chapter 27,
<i>
Stored Objects
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-syntax.html" title="27.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax">
Section 27.2.1, “Stored Routine Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-api-message-emit.html" title="8.4.6 The Audit Message Component">
Section 8.4.6, “The Audit Message Component”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="locking-service.html#locking-service-interface" title="7.6.9.1.2 The Locking Service Function Interface">
Section 7.6.9.1.2, “The Locking Service Function Interface”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-schema.html" title="7.3 The mysql System Schema">
Section 7.3, “The mysql System Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-user-defined-functions-table.html" title="29.12.22.10 The user_defined_functions Table">
Section 29.12.22.10, “The user_defined_functions Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrade-troubleshooting.html" title="3.13 Upgrade Troubleshooting">
Section 3.13, “Upgrade Troubleshooting”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE FUNCTION IF NOT EXISTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-if-not-exists.html" title="19.5.1.6 Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.6, “Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE INDEX
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="cast-functions.html" title="14.10 Cast Functions and Operators">
Section 14.10, “Cast Functions and Operators”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="column-indexes.html" title="10.3.5 Column Indexes">
Section 10.3.5, “Column Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-page-merge-threshold.html" title="17.8.11 Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages">
Section 17.8.11, “Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-index.html" title="15.1.15 CREATE INDEX Statement">
Section 15.1.15, “CREATE INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-spatial-indexes.html" title="13.4.10 Creating Spatial Indexes">
Section 13.4.10, “Creating Spatial Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-search.html" title="14.9 Full-Text Search Functions">
Section 14.9, “Full-Text Search Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-internals.html" title="17.9.1.5 How Compression Works for InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.9.1.5, “How Compression Works for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-fulltext-index.html" title="17.6.2.4 InnoDB Full-Text Indexes">
Section 17.6.2.4, “InnoDB Full-Text Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-indexes.html" title="10.3.12 Invisible Indexes">
Section 10.3.12, “Invisible Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-search-mecab.html" title="14.9.9 MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin">
Section 14.9.9, “MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-search-ngram.html" title="14.9.8 ngram Full-Text Parser">
Section 14.9.8, “ngram Full-Text Parser”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-operations.html" title="25.6.12 Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.12, “Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-memory-tables.html" title="10.7 Optimizing for MEMORY Tables">
Section 10.7, “Optimizing for MEMORY Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-index.html" title="15.7.7.23 SHOW INDEX Statement">
Section 15.7.7.23, “SHOW INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-statistics-table.html" title="28.3.34 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table">
Section 28.3.34, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="slow-query-log.html" title="7.4.5 The Slow Query Log">
Section 7.4.5, “The Slow Query Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-unsupported.html" title="25.2.7.6 Unsupported or Missing Features in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.6, “Unsupported or Missing Features in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE LOGFILE GROUP
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.6 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.1.6, “ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.16 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.1.16, “CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-data-node-memory-management.html" title="25.4.3.13 Data Node Memory Management">
Section 25.4.3.13, “Data Node Memory Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbd-definition.html" title="25.4.3.6 Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes">
Section 25.4.3.6, “Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html" title="25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects">
Section 25.6.11.1, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-files-table.html" title="28.3.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table">
Section 28.3.15, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-resources.html" title="25.6.17.52 The ndbinfo resources Table">
Section 25.6.17.52, “The ndbinfo resources Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.23, “CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-restrictions.html" title="27.9 Restrictions on Views">
Section 27.9, “Restrictions on Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE PROCEDURE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-procedure.html" title="15.1.7 ALTER PROCEDURE Statement">
Section 15.1.7, “ALTER PROCEDURE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="call.html" title="15.2.1 CALL Statement">
Section 15.2.1, “CALL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects-security.html" title="27.6 Stored Object Access Control">
Section 27.6, “Stored Object Access Control”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects.html" title="Chapter 27 Stored Objects">
Chapter 27,
<i>
Stored Objects
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-syntax.html" title="27.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax">
Section 27.2.1, “Stored Routine Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE PROCEDURE IF NOT EXISTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-if-not-exists.html" title="19.5.1.6 Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.6, “Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE RESOURCE GROUP
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-resource-group.html" title="15.7.2.1 ALTER RESOURCE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.7.2.1, “ALTER RESOURCE GROUP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-resource-group.html" title="15.7.2.2 CREATE RESOURCE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.7.2.2, “CREATE RESOURCE GROUP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="resource-groups.html" title="7.1.16 Resource Groups">
Section 7.1.16, “Resource Groups”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE ROLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-role.html" title="15.7.1.2 CREATE ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.2, “CREATE ROLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE SCHEMA
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-database.html" title="15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.12, “CREATE DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-backups.html" title="25.7.9 NDB Cluster Backups With NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.9, “NDB Cluster Backups With NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE SERVER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-server.html" title="15.1.8 ALTER SERVER Statement">
Section 15.1.8, “ALTER SERVER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-create-server.html" title="18.8.2.2 Creating a FEDERATED Table Using CREATE SERVER">
Section 18.8.2.2, “Creating a FEDERATED Table Using CREATE SERVER”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-usagenotes.html" title="18.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips">
Section 18.8.3, “FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-use.html" title="10.12.3.1 How MySQL Uses Memory">
Section 10.12.3.1, “How MySQL Uses Memory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-create.html" title="18.8.2 How to Create FEDERATED Tables">
Section 18.8.2, “How to Create FEDERATED Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-alter-drop-server.html" title="19.5.1.5 Replication of CREATE SERVER, ALTER SERVER, and DROP SERVER">
Section 19.5.1.5, “Replication of CREATE SERVER, ALTER SERVER, and DROP SERVER”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-spatial-reference-system.html" title="15.1.19 CREATE SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement">
Section 15.1.19, “CREATE SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="spatial-reference-systems.html" title="13.4.5 Spatial Reference System Support">
Section 13.4.5, “Spatial Reference System Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-st-spatial-reference-systems-table.html" title="28.3.36 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS Table">
Section 28.3.36, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-examples.html" title="15.1.9.3 ALTER TABLE Examples">
Section 15.1.9.3, “ALTER TABLE Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
Section 15.1.9.1, “ALTER TABLE Partition Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="storage-engines.html" title="Chapter 18 Alternative Storage Engines">
Chapter 18,
<i>
Alternative Storage Engines
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-types.html" title="9.1 Backup and Recovery Types">
Section 9.1, “Backup and Recovery Types”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-binary-log.html" title="19.1.6.4 Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.4, “Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="cast-functions.html" title="14.10 Cast Functions and Operators">
Section 14.10, “Cast Functions and Operators”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
Section 15.4.2.2, “CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-check-constraints.html" title="15.1.20.6 CHECK Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.6, “CHECK Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-column.html" title="12.3.5 Column Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.5, “Column Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="column-indexes.html" title="10.3.5 Column Indexes">
Section 10.3.5, “Column Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-optimizer-statistics.html" title="17.8.10 Configuring Optimizer Statistics for InnoDB">
Section 17.8.10, “Configuring Optimizer Statistics for InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-persistent-stats.html#innodb-persistent-stats-table-configuration" title="17.8.10.1.2 Configuring Optimizer Statistics Parameters for Individual Tables">
Section 17.8.10.1.2, “Configuring Optimizer Statistics Parameters for Individual Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-page-merge-threshold.html" title="17.8.11 Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages">
Section 17.8.11, “Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="converting-tables-to-innodb.html" title="17.6.1.5 Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.5, “Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.13, “CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-index.html" title="15.1.15 CREATE INDEX Statement">
Section 15.1.15, “CREATE INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-server.html" title="15.1.18 CREATE SERVER Statement">
Section 15.1.18, “CREATE SERVER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-like.html" title="15.1.20.3 CREATE TABLE ... LIKE Statement">
Section 15.1.20.3, “CREATE TABLE ... LIKE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-select.html" title="15.1.20.4 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.1.20.4, “CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-generated-columns.html" title="15.1.20.8 CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.8, “CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-temporary-table.html" title="15.1.20.2 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20.2, “CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-create-connection.html" title="18.8.2.1 Creating a FEDERATED Table Using CONNECTION">
Section 18.8.2.1, “Creating a FEDERATED Table Using CONNECTION”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-tables.html" title="5.3.2 Creating a Table">
Section 5.3.2, “Creating a Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-usage.html" title="17.9.1.2 Creating Compressed Tables">
Section 17.9.1.2, “Creating Compressed Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-innodb-tables.html" title="17.6.1.1 Creating InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.1, “Creating InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-spatial-columns.html" title="13.4.6 Creating Spatial Columns">
Section 13.4.6, “Creating Spatial Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-spatial-indexes.html" title="13.4.10 Creating Spatial Indexes">
Section 13.4.10, “Creating Spatial Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-methods.html" title="9.2 Database Backup Methods">
Section 9.2, “Database Backup Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-database.html" title="12.3.3 Database Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.3, “Database Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbd-definition.html" title="25.4.3.6 Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes">
Section 25.4.3.6, “Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump-delimited-text.html" title="9.4.3 Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump">
Section 9.4.3, “Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-interfaces.html" title="B.2 Error Information Interfaces">
Section B.2, “Error Information Interfaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-analyze-table-complexity.html" title="17.8.10.3 Estimating ANALYZE TABLE Complexity for InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.8.10.3, “Estimating ANALYZE TABLE Complexity for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-file-per-table-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.2 File-Per-Table Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.2, “File-Per-Table Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="constraint-foreign-key.html" title="1.7.3.2 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 1.7.3.2, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-search.html" title="14.9 Full-Text Search Functions">
Section 14.9, “Full-Text Search Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="getting-information.html" title="5.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables">
Section 5.4, “Getting Information About Databases and Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-concepts.html" title="19.1.3.1 GTID Format and Storage">
Section 19.1.3.1, “GTID Format and Storage”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-lifecycle.html" title="19.1.3.2 GTID Life Cycle">
Section 19.1.3.2, “GTID Life Cycle”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-hash.html" title="26.2.4 HASH Partitioning">
Section 26.2.4, “HASH Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="help.html" title="15.8.3 HELP Statement">
Section 15.8.3, “HELP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-internals.html" title="17.9.1.5 How Compression Works for InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.9.1.5, “How Compression Works for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-handling-nulls.html" title="26.2.7 How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL">
Section 26.2.7, “How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-use.html" title="10.12.3.1 How MySQL Uses Memory">
Section 10.12.3.1, “How MySQL Uses Memory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="identifier-case-sensitivity.html" title="11.2.3 Identifier Case Sensitivity">
Section 11.2.3, “Identifier Case Sensitivity”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-import.html" title="17.6.1.3 Importing InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.3, “Importing InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-install-configuration.html" title="25.3.3 Initial Configuration of NDB Cluster">
Section 25.3.3, “Initial Configuration of NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-and-mysql-replication.html" title="17.19 InnoDB and MySQL Replication">
Section 17.19, “InnoDB and MySQL Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-fulltext-index.html" title="17.6.2.4 InnoDB Full-Text Indexes">
Section 17.6.2.4, “InnoDB Full-Text Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-information-schema-system-tables.html" title="17.15.3 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Schema Object Tables">
Section 17.15.3, “InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Schema Object Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-page-compression.html" title="17.9.2 InnoDB Page Compression">
Section 17.9.2, “InnoDB Page Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-row-format.html" title="17.10 InnoDB Row Formats">
Section 17.10, “InnoDB Row Formats”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-compression.html" title="17.9.1 InnoDB Table Compression">
Section 17.9.1, “InnoDB Table Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules-examples.html" title="19.2.5.3 Interactions Between Replication Filtering Options">
Section 19.2.5.3, “Interactions Between Replication Filtering Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-temporary-tables.html" title="10.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL">
Section 10.4.4, “Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-introduction.html" title="17.1 Introduction to InnoDB">
Section 17.1, “Introduction to InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-indexes.html" title="10.3.12 Invisible Indexes">
Section 10.3.12, “Invisible Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="json-table-functions.html" title="14.17.6 JSON Table Functions">
Section 14.17.6, “JSON Table Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-key.html" title="26.2.5 KEY Partitioning">
Section 26.2.5, “KEY Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-database-objects.html" title="25.2.7.5 Limits Associated with Database Objects in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.5, “Limits Associated with Database Objects in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table-size-limit.html" title="10.4.6 Limits on Table Size">
Section 10.4.6, “Limits on Table Size”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-transactions.html" title="25.2.7.3 Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.3, “Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-list.html" title="26.2.2 LIST Partitioning">
Section 26.2.2, “LIST Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-xml.html" title="15.2.10 LOAD XML Statement">
Section 15.2.10, “LOAD XML Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="loading-tables.html" title="5.3.3 Loading Data into a Table">
Section 5.3.3, “Loading Data into a Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-range-list.html" title="26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions">
Section 26.3.1, “Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-search-mecab.html" title="14.9.9 MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin">
Section 14.9.9, “MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-table-formats.html" title="18.2.3 MyISAM Table Storage Formats">
Section 18.2.3, “MyISAM Table Storage Formats”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-mysql-cluster.html" title="A.10 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: NDB Cluster">
Section A.10, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-command-options.html" title="6.5.1.1 mysql Client Options">
Section 6.5.1.1, “mysql Client Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndb-api-statistics.html" title="25.6.16 NDB API Statistics Counters and Variables">
Section 25.6.16, “NDB API Statistics Counters and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-config-example.html" title="25.4.3.1 NDB Cluster Configuration: Basic Example">
Section 25.4.3.1, “NDB Cluster Configuration: Basic Example”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html" title="25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects">
Section 25.6.11.1, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-blob-tool.html" title="25.5.6 ndb_blob_tool — Check and Repair BLOB and TEXT columns of NDB Cluster Tables">
Section 25.5.6, “ndb_blob_tool — Check and Repair BLOB and TEXT columns of NDB Cluster
Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-desc.html" title="25.5.9 ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables">
Section 25.5.9, “ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-search-ngram.html" title="14.9.8 ngram Full-Text Parser">
Section 14.9.8, “ngram Full-Text Parser”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-syntax.html" title="25.2.7.1 Noncompliance with SQL Syntax in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.1, “Noncompliance with SQL Syntax in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-operations.html" title="25.6.12 Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.12, “Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-size.html" title="10.4.1 Optimizing Data Size">
Section 10.4.1, “Optimizing Data Size”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-innodb-ddl-operations.html" title="10.5.7 Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations">
Section 10.5.7, “Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-overview.html" title="26.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQL">
Section 26.1, “Overview of Partitioning in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-background.html" title="17.9.1.1 Overview of Table Compression">
Section 17.9.1.1, “Overview of Table Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management.html" title="26.3 Partition Management">
Section 26.3, “Partition Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations-partitioning-keys-unique-keys.html" title="26.6.1 Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys">
Section 26.6.1, “Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations-functions.html" title="26.6.3 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions">
Section 26.6.3, “Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations-storage-engines.html" title="26.6.2 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines">
Section 26.6.2, “Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-types.html" title="26.2 Partitioning Types">
Section 26.2, “Partitioning Types”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-columns-range.html" title="26.2.3.1 RANGE COLUMNS partitioning">
Section 26.2.3.1, “RANGE COLUMNS partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-range.html" title="26.2.1 RANGE Partitioning">
Section 26.2.1, “RANGE Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reloading-delimited-text-dumps.html" title="9.4.4 Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups">
Section 9.4.4, “Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replace.html" title="15.2.12 REPLACE Statement">
Section 15.2.12, “REPLACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-auto-increment.html" title="19.5.1.1 Replication and AUTO_INCREMENT">
Section 19.5.1.1, “Replication and AUTO_INCREMENT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-charset.html" title="19.5.1.3 Replication and Character Sets">
Section 19.5.1.3, “Replication and Character Sets”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-directory.html" title="19.5.1.10 Replication and DIRECTORY Table Options">
Section 19.5.1.10, “Replication and DIRECTORY Table Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-functions.html" title="19.5.1.14 Replication and System Functions">
Section 19.5.1.14, “Replication and System Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-select.html" title="19.5.1.7 Replication of CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statements">
Section 19.5.1.7, “Replication of CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-differing-tables.html#replication-features-more-columns" title="19.5.1.9.1 Replication with More Columns on Source or Replica">
Section 19.5.1.9.1, “Replication with More Columns on Source or Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-setting.html" title="7.4.4.2 Setting The Binary Log Format">
Section 7.4.4.2, “Setting The Binary Log Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="storage-engine-setting.html" title="18.1 Setting the Storage Engine">
Section 18.1, “Setting the Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-columns.html" title="15.7.7.6 SHOW COLUMNS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.6, “SHOW COLUMNS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-table.html" title="15.7.7.11 SHOW CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.11, “SHOW CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-engine.html" title="15.7.7.16 SHOW ENGINE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.16, “SHOW ENGINE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-index.html" title="15.7.7.23 SHOW INDEX Statement">
Section 15.7.7.23, “SHOW INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-table-status.html" title="15.7.7.38 SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.38, “SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-warnings.html" title="15.7.7.42 SHOW WARNINGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.42, “SHOW WARNINGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="silent-column-changes.html" title="15.1.20.7 Silent Column Specification Changes">
Section 15.1.20.7, “Silent Column Specification Changes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-syntax-warnings.html" title="17.9.1.7 SQL Compression Syntax Warnings and Errors">
Section 17.9.1.7, “SQL Compression Syntax Warnings and Errors”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="string-type-syntax.html" title="13.3.1 String Data Type Syntax">
Section 13.3.1, “String Data Type Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-subpartitions.html" title="26.2.6 Subpartitioning">
Section 26.2.6, “Subpartitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-table.html" title="12.3.4 Table Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.4, “Table Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-tablespace-autoextend-size.html" title="17.6.3.9 Tablespace AUTOEXTEND_SIZE Configuration">
Section 17.6.3.9, “Tablespace AUTOEXTEND_SIZE Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-benchmarking.html" title="17.1.4 Testing and Benchmarking with InnoDB">
Section 17.1.4, “Testing and Benchmarking with InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
Section 18.5, “The ARCHIVE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ddl-rewriter.html" title="7.6.5 The ddl_rewriter Plugin">
Section 7.6.5, “The ddl_rewriter Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="enum.html" title="13.3.5 The ENUM Type">
Section 13.3.5, “The ENUM Type”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-check-constraints-table.html" title="28.3.5 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHECK_CONSTRAINTS Table">
Section 28.3.5, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHECK_CONSTRAINTS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tables-table.html" title="28.4.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table">
Section 28.4.23, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-partitions-table.html" title="28.3.21 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table">
Section 28.3.21, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-statistics-table.html" title="28.3.34 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table">
Section 28.3.34, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-tables-table.html" title="28.3.38 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table">
Section 28.3.38, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-storage-engine.html" title="18.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine">
Section 18.3, “The MEMORY Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-storage-engine.html" title="18.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine">
Section 18.2, “The MyISAM Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-blobs.html" title="25.6.17.4 The ndbinfo blobs Table">
Section 25.6.17.4, “The ndbinfo blobs Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="scalar-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.1 The Subquery as Scalar Operand">
Section 15.2.15.1, “The Subquery as Scalar Operand”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.37, “TRUNCATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="uninstall-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.6 UNINSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
Section 15.7.4.6, “UNINSTALL PLUGIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-unsupported.html" title="25.2.7.6 Unsupported or Missing Features in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.6, “Unsupported or Missing Features in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="example-auto-increment.html" title="5.6.9 Using AUTO_INCREMENT">
Section 5.6.9, “Using AUTO_INCREMENT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multiple-tables.html" title="5.3.4.9 Using More Than one Table">
Section 5.3.4.9, “Using More Than one Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-mysqldump.html" title="9.4 Using mysqldump for Backups">
Section 9.4, “Using mysqldump for Backups”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-diffengines.html" title="19.4.4 Using Replication with Different Source and Replica Storage Engines">
Section 19.4.4, “Using Replication with Different Source and Replica Storage Engines”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="symbolic-links.html" title="10.12.2 Using Symbolic Links">
Section 10.12.2, “Using Symbolic Links”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="symbolic-links-to-tables.html" title="10.12.2.2 Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix">
Section 10.12.2.2, “Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="windows-restrictions.html" title="2.3.6 Windows Platform Restrictions">
Section 2.3.6, “Windows Platform Restrictions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="with.html" title="15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)">
Section 15.2.20, “WITH (Common Table Expressions)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE ... DATA DIRECTORY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-moving-data-files-offline.html" title="17.6.3.6 Moving Tablespace Files While the Server is Offline">
Section 17.6.3.6, “Moving Tablespace Files While the Server is Offline”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE ... ENCRYPTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-instance.html" title="15.1.5 ALTER INSTANCE Statement">
Section 15.1.5, “ALTER INSTANCE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE ... LIKE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-index.html" title="15.1.15 CREATE INDEX Statement">
Section 15.1.15, “CREATE INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-like.html" title="15.1.20.3 CREATE TABLE ... LIKE Statement">
Section 15.1.20.3, “CREATE TABLE ... LIKE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-generated-columns.html" title="15.1.20.8 CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.8, “CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-type-defaults.html" title="13.6 Data Type Default Values">
Section 13.6, “Data Type Default Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-auto-increment.html" title="19.5.1.1 Replication and AUTO_INCREMENT">
Section 19.5.1.1, “Replication and AUTO_INCREMENT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-storage-engine.html" title="18.7 The MERGE Storage Engine">
Section 18.7, “The MERGE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE ... SELECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-sbr-rbr.html" title="19.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication">
Section 19.2.1.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based
Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="cast-functions.html" title="14.10 Cast Functions and Operators">
Section 14.10, “Cast Functions and Operators”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-consistent-read.html" title="17.7.2.3 Consistent Nonlocking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.3, “Consistent Nonlocking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-select.html" title="15.1.20.4 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.1.20.4, “CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-generated-columns.html" title="15.1.20.8 CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.8, “CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.23, “CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-type-defaults.html" title="13.6 Data Type Default Values">
Section 13.6, “Data Type Default Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-gipks.html" title="15.1.20.11 Generated Invisible Primary Keys">
Section 15.1.20.11, “Generated Invisible Primary Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-gtids.html" title="19.1.6.5 Global Transaction ID System Variables">
Section 19.1.6.5, “Global Transaction ID System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-lifecycle.html" title="19.1.3.2 GTID Life Cycle">
Section 19.1.3.2, “GTID Life Cycle”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="known-issues.html" title="B.3.7 Known Issues in MySQL">
Section B.3.7, “Known Issues in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-select.html" title="19.5.1.7 Replication of CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statements">
Section 19.5.1.7, “Replication of CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-restrictions.html" title="19.1.3.7 Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.7, “Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ansi-diff-select-into-table.html" title="1.7.2.1 SELECT INTO TABLE Differences">
Section 1.7.2.1, “SELECT INTO TABLE Differences”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table.html" title="15.2.16 TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.16, “TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="type-conversion.html" title="14.3 Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation">
Section 14.3, “Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="values.html" title="15.2.19 VALUES Statement">
Section 15.2.19, “VALUES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE ... SELECT ...
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-range-list.html" title="26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions">
Section 26.3.1, “Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE ... TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-innodb-tables.html" title="17.6.1.1 Creating InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.1, “Creating InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-create-table-external.html" title="17.6.1.2 Creating Tables Externally">
Section 17.6.1.2, “Creating Tables Externally”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE dst_tbl LIKE src_tbl
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-usage-differences.html" title="16.7 Data Dictionary Usage Differences">
Section 16.7, “Data Dictionary Usage Differences”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-if-not-exists.html" title="19.5.1.6 Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.6, “Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ... LIKE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-if-not-exists.html" title="19.5.1.6 Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.6, “Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS ... SELECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-if-not-exists.html" title="19.5.1.6 Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.6, “Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE LIKE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-import.html" title="25.5.13 ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB">
Section 25.5.13, “ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE new_table SELECT ... FROM old_table ...
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-select.html" title="15.1.20.4 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.1.20.4, “CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.13, “SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE tbl_name ... TABLESPACE tablespace_name
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE ts VALUES ROW()
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subqueries.html" title="15.2.15 Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15, “Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLE...AS SELECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-optimization.html" title="10.2.1 Optimizing SELECT Statements">
Section 10.2.1, “Optimizing SELECT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-tablespace.html" title="15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.10, “ALTER TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbd-definition.html" title="25.4.3.6 Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes">
Section 25.4.3.6, “Defining NDB Cluster Data Nodes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-tablespace.html" title="15.1.33 DROP TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.33, “DROP TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-file-space.html" title="17.11.2 File Space Management">
Section 17.11.2, “File Space Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html" title="25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects">
Section 25.6.11.1, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-tablespace-autoextend-size.html" title="17.6.3.9 Tablespace AUTOEXTEND_SIZE Configuration">
Section 17.6.3.9, “Tablespace AUTOEXTEND_SIZE Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-files-table.html" title="28.3.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table">
Section 28.3.15, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tables-table.html" title="28.4.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table">
Section 28.4.23, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TABLESPACE ... ADD DATAFILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-moving-data-files-offline.html" title="17.6.3.6 Moving Tablespace Files While the Server is Offline">
Section 17.6.3.6, “Moving Tablespace Files While the Server is Offline”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-temporary-table.html" title="15.1.20.2 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20.2, “CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-usage.html" title="17.9.1.2 Creating Compressed Tables">
Section 17.9.1.2, “Creating Compressed Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-gtids.html" title="19.1.6.5 Global Transaction ID System Variables">
Section 19.1.6.5, “Global Transaction ID System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="import-table.html" title="15.2.6 IMPORT TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.6, “IMPORT TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-mysql-cluster.html" title="A.10 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: NDB Cluster">
Section A.10, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-temptables.html" title="19.5.1.31 Replication and Temporary Tables">
Section 19.5.1.31, “Replication and Temporary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-restrictions.html" title="19.1.3.7 Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.7, “Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="storage-engine-setting.html" title="18.1 Setting the Storage Engine">
Section 18.1, “Setting the Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="temporary-table-problems.html" title="B.3.6.2 TEMPORARY Table Problems">
Section B.3.6.2, “TEMPORARY Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TRIGGER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-trigger.html" title="15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.1.22, “CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-triggers.html" title="A.5 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Triggers">
Section A.5, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Triggers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-optimization-with-exists.html" title="10.2.2.3 Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy">
Section 10.2.2.3, “Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-trigger.html" title="15.7.7.12 SHOW CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.7.7.12, “SHOW CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects.html" title="Chapter 27 Stored Objects">
Chapter 27,
<i>
Stored Objects
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE TRIGGER IF NOT EXISTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-if-not-exists.html" title="19.5.1.6 Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.6, “Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-tablespace.html" title="15.1.33 DROP TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.33, “DROP TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-undo-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.4 Undo Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.4, “Undo Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE USER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="access-control.html" title="8.2 Access Control and Account Management">
Section 8.2, “Access Control and Account Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="connection-access.html" title="8.2.6 Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification">
Section 8.2.6, “Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-categories.html" title="8.2.11 Account Categories">
Section 8.2.11, “Account Categories”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-locking.html" title="8.2.20 Account Locking">
Section 8.2.20, “Account Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="user-names.html" title="8.2.1 Account User Names and Passwords">
Section 8.2.1, “Account User Names and Passwords”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html" title="8.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts">
Section 8.2.8, “Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="assigning-passwords.html" title="8.2.14 Assigning Account Passwords">
Section 8.2.14, “Assigning Account Passwords”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="caching-sha2-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.2 Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.2, “Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="connection-options.html" title="6.2.3 Command Options for Connecting to the Server">
Section 6.2.3, “Command Options for Connecting to the Server”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-read-only-instance.html" title="17.8.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation">
Section 17.8.2, “Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3.1, “Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ipv6-local-connections.html" title="7.1.13.3 Connecting Using the IPv6 Local Host Address">
Section 7.1.13.3, “Connecting Using the IPv6 Local Host Address”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-user.html" title="15.7.1.3 CREATE USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.3, “CREATE USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-repuser.html" title="19.1.2.3 Creating a User for Replication">
Section 19.1.2.3, “Creating a User for Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-security-user.html" title="8.1.2.1 End-User Guidelines for Password Security">
Section 8.1.2.1, “End-User Guidelines for Password Security”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fips-mode.html" title="8.8 FIPS Support">
Section 8.8, “FIPS Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-use.html" title="10.12.3.1 How MySQL Uses Memory">
Section 10.12.3.1, “How MySQL Uses Memory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-directory-initialization.html" title="2.9.1 Initializing the Data Directory">
Section 2.9.1, “Initializing the Data Directory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ipv6-support.html" title="7.1.13 IPv6 Support">
Section 7.1.13, “IPv6 Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kerberos-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.8 Kerberos Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.8, “Kerberos Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ldap-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.7 LDAP Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.7, “LDAP Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="security-against-attack.html" title="8.1.3 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers">
Section 8.1.3, “Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multifactor-authentication.html" title="8.2.18 Multifactor Authentication">
Section 8.2.18, “Multifactor Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-security-mysql-privileges.html" title="25.6.21.2 NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges">
Section 25.6.21.2, “NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="no-login-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.9 No-Login Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.9, “No-Login Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.5 PAM Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.5, “PAM Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-management.html" title="8.2.15 Password Management">
Section 8.2.15, “Password Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-logging.html" title="8.1.2.3 Passwords and Logging">
Section 8.1.2.3, “Passwords and Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.2.17 Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.2.17, “Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-preparation.html" title="25.7.5 Preparing the NDB Cluster for Replication">
Section 25.7.5, “Preparing the NDB Cluster for Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partial-revokes.html" title="8.2.12 Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes">
Section 8.2.12, “Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-privilege-synchronization.html" title="25.6.13 Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER">
Section 25.6.13, “Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="proxy-users.html" title="8.2.19 Proxy Users">
Section 8.2.19, “Proxy Users”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-if-not-exists.html" title="19.5.1.6 Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.6, “Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks.html" title="19.3.3 Replication Privilege Checks">
Section 19.3.3, “Replication Privilege Checks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="user-resources.html" title="8.2.21 Setting Account Resource Limits">
Section 8.2.21, “Setting Account Resource Limits”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sha256-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.3 SHA-256 Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.3, “SHA-256 Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-user.html" title="15.7.7.13 SHOW CREATE USER Statement">
Section 15.7.7.13, “SHOW CREATE USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="socket-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.10 Socket Peer-Credential Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.10, “Socket Peer-Credential Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-names.html" title="8.2.4 Specifying Account Names">
Section 8.2.4, “Specifying Account Names”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects-security.html" title="27.6 Stored Object Access Control">
Section 27.6, “Stored Object Access Control”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-user-attributes-table.html" title="28.3.45 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_ATTRIBUTES Table">
Section 28.3.45, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_ATTRIBUTES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="validate-password.html" title="8.4.3 The Password Validation Component">
Section 8.4.3, “The Password Validation Component”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3 Using Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3, “Using Encrypted Connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="x-plugin-encrypted-connections.html" title="22.5.3 Using Encrypted Connections with X Plugin">
Section 22.5.3, “Using Encrypted Connections with X Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="firewall-usage.html" title="8.4.7.3 Using MySQL Enterprise Firewall">
Section 8.4.7.3, “Using MySQL Enterprise Firewall”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="webauthn-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.11 WebAuthn Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.11, “WebAuthn Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrading-what-is-upgraded.html" title="3.4 What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades">
Section 3.4, “What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="windows-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.6 Windows Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.6, “Windows Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE USER ... REQUIRE SUBJECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="nonpersistible-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9.4 Nonpersistible and Persist-Restricted System Variables">
Section 7.1.9.4, “Nonpersistible and Persist-Restricted System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE VIEW
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-view.html" title="15.1.11 ALTER VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.11, “ALTER VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.23, “CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="identifier-length.html" title="11.2.1 Identifier Length Limits">
Section 11.2.1, “Identifier Length Limits”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="derived-table-optimization.html" title="10.2.2.4 Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions with Merging or Materialization">
Section 10.2.2.4, “Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions
with Merging or Materialization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-restrictions.html" title="27.9 Restrictions on Views">
Section 27.9, “Restrictions on Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-view.html" title="15.7.7.14 SHOW CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.7.7.14, “SHOW CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects.html" title="Chapter 27 Stored Objects">
Chapter 27,
<i>
Stored Objects
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-views-table.html" title="28.3.47 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table">
Section 28.3.47, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-updatability.html" title="27.5.3 Updatable and Insertable Views">
Section 27.5.3, “Updatable and Insertable Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-algorithms.html" title="27.5.2 View Processing Algorithms">
Section 27.5.2, “View Processing Algorithms”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-syntax.html" title="27.5.1 View Syntax">
Section 27.5.1, “View Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
CREATE VIEW ... SELECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table.html" title="15.2.16 TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.16, “TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="values.html" title="15.2.19 VALUES Statement">
Section 15.2.19, “VALUES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-D">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
D
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DEALLOCATE PREPARE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="deallocate-prepare.html" title="15.5.3 DEALLOCATE PREPARE Statement">
Section 15.5.3, “DEALLOCATE PREPARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="prepare.html" title="15.5.1 PREPARE Statement">
Section 15.5.1, “PREPARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-prepared-statements.html" title="15.5 Prepared Statements">
Section 15.5, “Prepared Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-prepared-statements-instances-table.html" title="29.12.6.4 The prepared_statements_instances Table">
Section 29.12.6.4, “The prepared_statements_instances Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DECLARE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare.html" title="15.6.3 DECLARE Statement">
Section 15.6.3, “DECLARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="get-diagnostics.html" title="15.6.7.3 GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement">
Section 15.6.7.3, “GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="signal.html" title="15.6.7.5 SIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.5, “SIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-variables.html" title="15.6.4 Variables in Stored Programs">
Section 15.6.4, “Variables in Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DECLARE ... CONDITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="condition-handling.html" title="15.6.7 Condition Handling">
Section 15.6.7, “Condition Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-condition.html" title="15.6.7.1 DECLARE ... CONDITION Statement">
Section 15.6.7.1, “DECLARE ... CONDITION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-handler.html" title="15.6.7.2 DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.6.7.2, “DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="signal.html" title="15.6.7.5 SIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.5, “SIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DECLARE ... HANDLER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="condition-handling.html" title="15.6.7 Condition Handling">
Section 15.6.7, “Condition Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-condition.html" title="15.6.7.1 DECLARE ... CONDITION Statement">
Section 15.6.7.1, “DECLARE ... CONDITION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-handler.html" title="15.6.7.2 DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.6.7.2, “DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="signal.html" title="15.6.7.5 SIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.5, “SIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DELETE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="access-control.html" title="8.2 Access Control and Account Management">
Section 8.2, “Access Control and Account Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html" title="8.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts">
Section 8.2.8, “Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-sbr-rbr.html" title="19.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication">
Section 19.2.1.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based
Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
Section 15.1.9.1, “ALTER TABLE Partition Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filtering.html" title="8.4.5.7 Audit Log Filtering">
Section 8.4.5.7, “Audit Log Filtering”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-reference.html" title="8.4.5.11 Audit Log Reference">
Section 8.4.5.11, “Audit Log Reference”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-best-practices.html" title="17.1.2 Best Practices for InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.1.2, “Best Practices for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-binary-log.html" title="19.1.6.4 Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.4, “Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-myisam-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables">
Section 10.6.2, “Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-change-buffer.html" title="17.5.2 Change Buffer">
Section 17.5.2, “Change Buffer”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-compression-oltp.html" title="17.9.1.6 Compression for OLTP Workloads">
Section 17.9.1.6, “Compression for OLTP Workloads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-consistent-read.html" title="17.7.2.3 Consistent Nonlocking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.3, “Consistent Nonlocking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="converting-tables-to-innodb.html" title="17.6.1.5 Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.5, “Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-trigger.html" title="15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.1.22, “CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.23, “CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="delete.html" title="15.2.2 DELETE Statement">
Section 15.2.2, “DELETE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="deleting-from-related-tables.html" title="B.3.4.6 Deleting Rows from Related Tables">
Section B.3.4.6, “Deleting Rows from Related Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-extended.html" title="10.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.3, “Extended EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-usagenotes.html" title="18.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips">
Section 18.8.3, “FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="forcing-innodb-recovery.html" title="17.20.3 Forcing InnoDB Recovery">
Section 17.20.3, “Forcing InnoDB Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-restrictions.html" title="14.9.5 Full-Text Restrictions">
Section 14.9.5, “Full-Text Restrictions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="functions.html" title="Chapter 14 Functions and Operators">
Chapter 14,
<i>
Functions and Operators
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-importing-data.html" title="25.6.9 Importing Data Into MySQL Cluster">
Section 25.6.9, “Importing Data Into MySQL Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-hints.html" title="10.9.4 Index Hints">
Section 10.9.4, “Index Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-and-mysql-replication.html" title="17.19 InnoDB and MySQL Replication">
Section 17.19, “InnoDB and MySQL Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-locking.html" title="10.11.1 Internal Locking Methods">
Section 10.11.1, “Internal Locking Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-introduction.html" title="28.1 Introduction">
Section 28.1, “Introduction”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="join.html" title="15.2.13.2 JOIN Clause">
Section 15.2.13.2, “JOIN Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keywords.html" title="11.3 Keywords and Reserved Words">
Section 11.3, “Keywords and Reserved Words”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kill.html" title="15.7.8.4 KILL Statement">
Section 15.7.8.4, “KILL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="known-issues.html" title="B.3.7 Known Issues in MySQL">
Section B.3.7, “Known Issues in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-limits.html" title="25.2.7.2 Limits and Differences of NDB Cluster from Standard MySQL Limits">
Section 25.2.7.2, “Limits and Differences of NDB Cluster from Standard MySQL Limits”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-transactions.html" title="25.2.7.3 Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.3, “Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-list.html" title="26.2.2 LIST Partitioning">
Section 26.2.2, “LIST Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-range-list.html" title="26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions">
Section 26.3.1, “Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-command-options.html" title="6.5.1.1 mysql Client Options">
Section 6.5.1.1, “mysql Client Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-tips.html" title="6.5.1.6 mysql Client Tips">
Section 6.5.1.6, “mysql Client Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-security-mysql-security-procedures.html" title="25.6.21.3 NDB Cluster and MySQL Security Procedures">
Section 25.6.21.3, “NDB Cluster and MySQL Security Procedures”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html" title="25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects">
Section 25.6.11.1, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-delete-all.html" title="25.5.8 ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from an NDB Table">
Section 25.5.8, “ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from an NDB Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-for-connection.html" title="10.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection">
Section 10.8.4, “Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-change-optimization.html" title="10.2.5 Optimizing Data Change Statements">
Section 10.2.5, “Optimizing Data Change Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="semijoins-antijoins.html" title="10.2.2.1 Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin Transformations">
Section 10.2.2.1, “Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin
Transformations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-explain.html" title="10.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN">
Section 10.8.1, “Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-optimization.html" title="10.2.1 Optimizing SELECT Statements">
Section 10.2.1, “Optimizing SELECT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-materialization.html" title="10.2.2.2 Optimizing Subqueries with Materialization">
Section 10.2.2.2, “Optimizing Subqueries with Materialization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-optimization.html" title="10.2.2 Optimizing Subqueries, Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions">
Section 10.2.2, “Optimizing Subqueries, Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table
Expressions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-overview.html" title="26.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQL">
Section 26.1, “Overview of Partitioning in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-pruning.html" title="26.4 Partition Pruning">
Section 26.4, “Partition Pruning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-selection.html" title="26.5 Partition Selection">
Section 26.5, “Partition Selection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-rolling-restart.html" title="25.6.5 Performing a Rolling Restart of an NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.5, “Performing a Rolling Restart of an NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-purge-configuration.html" title="17.8.9 Purge Configuration">
Section 17.8.9, “Purge Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="range-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.2 Range Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.2, “Range Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-range.html" title="26.2.1 RANGE Partitioning">
Section 26.2.1, “RANGE Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-limit.html" title="19.5.1.18 Replication and LIMIT">
Section 19.5.1.18, “Replication and LIMIT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-memory.html" title="19.5.1.21 Replication and MEMORY Tables">
Section 19.5.1.21, “Replication and MEMORY Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-row-searches.html" title="19.5.1.27 Replication and Row Searches">
Section 19.5.1.27, “Replication and Row Searches”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-optimizer.html" title="19.5.1.23 Replication and the Query Optimizer">
Section 19.5.1.23, “Replication and the Query Optimizer”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-triggers.html" title="19.5.1.36 Replication and Triggers">
Section 19.5.1.36, “Replication and Triggers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="selecting-all.html" title="5.3.4.1 Selecting All Data">
Section 5.3.4.1, “Selecting All Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-table-status.html" title="15.7.7.38 SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.38, “SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="spatial-index-optimization.html" title="10.3.3 SPATIAL Index Optimization">
Section 10.3.3, “SPATIAL Index Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subqueries.html" title="15.2.15 Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15, “Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table-locking.html" title="10.11.2 Table Locking Issues">
Section 10.11.2, “Table Locking Issues”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
Section 18.5, “The ARCHIVE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="blackhole-storage-engine.html" title="18.6 The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine">
Section 18.6, “The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tablestats-table.html" title="28.4.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESTATS View">
Section 28.4.26, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESTATS View”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-tables-table.html" title="28.3.38 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table">
Section 28.3.38, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-views-table.html" title="28.3.47 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table">
Section 28.3.47, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="features.html" title="1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQL">
Section 1.2.2, “The Main Features of MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-storage-engine.html" title="18.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine">
Section 18.3, “The MEMORY Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-storage-engine.html" title="18.7 The MERGE Storage Engine">
Section 18.7, “The MERGE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin.html" title="7.6.4 The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4, “The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html" title="17.7.2.1 Transaction Isolation Levels">
Section 17.7.2.1, “Transaction Isolation Levels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="problems-connecting.html" title="8.2.22 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL">
Section 8.2.22, “Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.37, “TRUNCATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-undo-logs.html" title="17.6.6 Undo Logs">
Section 17.6.6, “Undo Logs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-updatability.html" title="27.5.3 Updatable and Insertable Views">
Section 27.5.3, “Updatable and Insertable Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rbr-usage.html" title="19.2.1.2 Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication">
Section 19.2.1.2, “Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin-usage.html" title="7.6.4.2 Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4.2, “Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privilege-changes.html" title="8.2.13 When Privilege Changes Take Effect">
Section 8.2.13, “When Privilege Changes Take Effect”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="where-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.1 WHERE Clause Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.1, “WHERE Clause Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="window-function-restrictions.html" title="14.20.5 Window Function Restrictions">
Section 14.20.5, “Window Function Restrictions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="with.html" title="15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)">
Section 15.2.20, “WITH (Common Table Expressions)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filter-definitions.html" title="8.4.5.8 Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions">
Section 8.4.5.8, “Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DELETE FROM ... WHERE ...
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DESCRIBE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-tables.html" title="5.3.2 Creating a Table">
Section 5.3.2, “Creating a Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="describe.html" title="15.8.1 DESCRIBE Statement">
Section 15.8.1, “DESCRIBE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extended-show.html" title="28.8 Extensions to SHOW Statements">
Section 28.8, “Extensions to SHOW Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ansi-diff-foreign-keys.html" title="1.7.2.3 FOREIGN KEY Constraint Differences">
Section 1.7.2.3, “FOREIGN KEY Constraint Differences”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="getting-information.html" title="5.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables">
Section 5.4, “Getting Information About Databases and Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-temporary-tables.html" title="10.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL">
Section 10.4.4, “Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-columns.html" title="15.7.7.6 SHOW COLUMNS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.6, “SHOW COLUMNS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="silent-column-changes.html" title="15.1.20.7 Silent Column Specification Changes">
Section 15.1.20.7, “Silent Column Specification Changes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-metadata.html" title="12.2.2 UTF-8 for Metadata">
Section 12.2.2, “UTF-8 for Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DISCARD PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DISCARD PARTITION ... TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
Section 15.1.9.1, “ALTER TABLE Partition Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DO
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.3, “ALTER EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-configuring-consistency-guarantees.html" title="20.5.3.2 Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees">
Section 20.5.3.2, “Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.13, “CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="do.html" title="15.2.3 DO Statement">
Section 15.2.3, “DO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="locking-functions.html" title="14.14 Locking Functions">
Section 14.14, “Locking Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subqueries.html" title="15.2.15 Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15, “Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-events-table.html" title="28.3.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table">
Section 28.3.14, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP DATABASE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="analyze-table.html" title="15.7.3.1 ANALYZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.1, “ANALYZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-database.html" title="15.1.24 DROP DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.24, “DROP DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-tablespace.html" title="15.1.33 DROP TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.33, “DROP TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump-sql-format.html" title="9.4.1 Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump">
Section 9.4.1, “Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules-db-options.html" title="19.2.5.1 Evaluation of Database-Level Replication and Binary Logging Options">
Section 19.2.5.1, “Evaluation of Database-Level Replication and Binary Logging Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules.html" title="19.2.5 How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules">
Section 19.2.5, “How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-importing-data.html" title="25.6.9 Importing Data Into MySQL Cluster">
Section 25.6.9, “Importing Data Into MySQL Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-privilege-synchronization.html" title="25.6.13 Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER">
Section 25.6.13, “Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="windows-restrictions.html" title="2.3.6 Windows Platform Restrictions">
Section 2.3.6, “Windows Platform Restrictions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-drop-if-exists.html" title="19.5.1.11 Replication of DROP ... IF EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.11, “Replication of DROP ... IF EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP EVENT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-syntax.html" title="27.4.3 Event Syntax">
Section 27.4.3, “Event Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-privileges.html" title="27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.4.6, “The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP FUNCTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-function.html" title="15.1.4 ALTER FUNCTION Statement">
Section 15.1.4, “ALTER FUNCTION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-function-loadable.html" title="15.7.4.1 CREATE FUNCTION Statement for Loadable Functions">
Section 15.7.4.1, “CREATE FUNCTION Statement for Loadable Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-function.html" title="15.1.26 DROP FUNCTION Statement">
Section 15.1.26, “DROP FUNCTION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-function-loadable.html" title="15.7.4.2 DROP FUNCTION Statement for Loadable Functions">
Section 15.7.4.2, “DROP FUNCTION Statement for Loadable Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-procedure.html" title="15.1.29 DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.29, “DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="function-resolution.html" title="11.2.5 Function Name Parsing and Resolution">
Section 11.2.5, “Function Name Parsing and Resolution”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-functions-general-purpose.html" title="8.4.4.12 General-Purpose Keyring Key-Management Functions">
Section 8.4.4.12, “General-Purpose Keyring Key-Management Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="function-loading.html" title="7.7.1 Installing and Uninstalling Loadable Functions">
Section 7.7.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Loadable Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="version-tokens-installation.html" title="7.6.6.2 Installing or Uninstalling Version Tokens">
Section 7.6.6.2, “Installing or Uninstalling Version Tokens”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-masking-plugin-installation.html" title="8.5.3.1 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Plugin Installation">
Section 8.5.3.1, “MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Plugin Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="enterprise-encryption-installation.html" title="8.6.1 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Installation and Upgrading">
Section 8.6.1, “MySQL Enterprise Encryption Installation and Upgrading”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="query-attributes.html" title="11.6 Query Attributes">
Section 11.6, “Query Attributes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-syntax.html" title="27.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax">
Section 27.2.1, “Stored Routine Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-api-message-emit.html" title="8.4.6 The Audit Message Component">
Section 8.4.6, “The Audit Message Component”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="locking-service.html#locking-service-interface" title="7.6.9.1.2 The Locking Service Function Interface">
Section 7.6.9.1.2, “The Locking Service Function Interface”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrade-troubleshooting.html" title="3.13 Upgrade Troubleshooting">
Section 3.13, “Upgrade Troubleshooting”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP INDEX
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-spatial-indexes.html" title="13.4.10 Creating Spatial Indexes">
Section 13.4.10, “Creating Spatial Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-index.html" title="15.1.27 DROP INDEX Statement">
Section 15.1.27, “DROP INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-operations.html" title="25.6.12 Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.12, “Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="slow-query-log.html" title="7.4.5 The Slow Query Log">
Section 7.4.5, “The Slow Query Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP LOGFILE GROUP
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.28 DROP LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.1.28, “DROP LOGFILE GROUP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP PREPARE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-prepared-statements-instances-table.html" title="29.12.6.4 The prepared_statements_instances Table">
Section 29.12.6.4, “The prepared_statements_instances Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP PROCEDURE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-procedure.html" title="15.1.7 ALTER PROCEDURE Statement">
Section 15.1.7, “ALTER PROCEDURE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-syntax.html" title="27.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax">
Section 27.2.1, “Stored Routine Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP RESOURCE GROUP
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-resource-group.html" title="15.7.2.3 DROP RESOURCE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.7.2.3, “DROP RESOURCE GROUP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="resource-groups.html" title="7.1.16 Resource Groups">
Section 7.1.16, “Resource Groups”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP ROLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-role.html" title="15.7.1.4 DROP ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.4, “DROP ROLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP SCHEMA
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-database.html" title="15.1.24 DROP DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.24, “DROP DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP SERVER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-use.html" title="10.12.3.1 How MySQL Uses Memory">
Section 10.12.3.1, “How MySQL Uses Memory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-alter-drop-server.html" title="19.5.1.5 Replication of CREATE SERVER, ALTER SERVER, and DROP SERVER">
Section 19.5.1.5, “Replication of CREATE SERVER, ALTER SERVER, and DROP SERVER”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-spatial-reference-system.html" title="15.1.31 DROP SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement">
Section 15.1.31, “DROP SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="spatial-reference-systems.html" title="13.4.5 Spatial Reference System Support">
Section 13.4.5, “Spatial Reference System Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-st-spatial-reference-systems-table.html" title="28.3.36 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS Table">
Section 28.3.36, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-remarks.html" title="25.6.7.1 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: General Issues">
Section 25.6.7.1, “Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: General Issues”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="analyze-table.html" title="15.7.3.1 ANALYZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.1, “ANALYZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-file-formats.html" title="8.4.5.4 Audit Log File Formats">
Section 8.4.5.4, “Audit Log File Formats”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-mgm-client-commands.html" title="25.6.1 Commands in the NDB Cluster Management Client">
Section 25.6.1, “Commands in the NDB Cluster Management Client”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-consistent-read.html" title="17.7.2.3 Consistent Nonlocking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.3, “Consistent Nonlocking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-temporary-table.html" title="15.1.20.2 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20.2, “CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-trigger.html" title="15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.1.22, “CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-table.html" title="15.1.32 DROP TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.32, “DROP TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-usagenotes.html" title="18.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips">
Section 18.8.3, “FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-file-per-table-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.2 File-Per-Table Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.2, “File-Per-Table Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="forcing-innodb-recovery.html" title="17.20.3 Forcing InnoDB Recovery">
Section 17.20.3, “Forcing InnoDB Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-gtids.html" title="19.1.6.5 Global Transaction ID System Variables">
Section 19.1.6.5, “Global Transaction ID System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-lifecycle.html" title="19.1.3.2 GTID Life Cycle">
Section 19.1.3.2, “GTID Life Cycle”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-importing-data.html" title="25.6.9 Importing Data Into MySQL Cluster">
Section 25.6.9, “Importing Data Into MySQL Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-limits.html" title="25.2.7.2 Limits and Differences of NDB Cluster from Standard MySQL Limits">
Section 25.2.7.2, “Limits and Differences of NDB Cluster from Standard MySQL Limits”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-command-options.html" title="6.5.1.1 mysql Client Options">
Section 6.5.1.1, “mysql Client Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-drop-index.html" title="25.5.10 ndb_drop_index — Drop Index from an NDB Table">
Section 25.5.10, “ndb_drop_index — Drop Index from an NDB Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-drop-table.html" title="25.5.11 ndb_drop_table — Drop an NDB Table">
Section 25.5.11, “ndb_drop_table — Drop an NDB Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-innodb-ddl-operations.html" title="10.5.7 Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations">
Section 10.5.7, “Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-pitr.html" title="25.7.9.2 Point-In-Time Recovery Using NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.9.2, “Point-In-Time Recovery Using NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-file-removal.html" title="16.2 Removal of File-based Metadata Storage">
Section 16.2, “Removal of File-based Metadata Storage”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-restrictions.html" title="27.9 Restrictions on Views">
Section 27.9, “Restrictions on Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="handler-scope.html" title="15.6.7.6 Scope Rules for Handlers">
Section 15.6.7.6, “Scope Rules for Handlers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-setting.html" title="7.4.4.2 Setting The Binary Log Format">
Section 7.4.4.2, “Setting The Binary Log Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-tables.html" title="15.7.7.39 SHOW TABLES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.39, “SHOW TABLES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="signal.html" title="15.6.7.5 SIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.5, “SIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-storage-engine.html" title="18.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine">
Section 18.3, “The MEMORY Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-storage-engine.html" title="18.7 The MERGE Storage Engine">
Section 18.7, “The MERGE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="diagnostics-area.html" title="15.6.7.7 The MySQL Diagnostics Area">
Section 15.6.7.7, “The MySQL Diagnostics Area”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-troubleshooting-datadict.html" title="17.20.4 Troubleshooting InnoDB Data Dictionary Operations">
Section 17.20.4, “Troubleshooting InnoDB Data Dictionary Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.37, “TRUNCATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="uninstall-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.6 UNINSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
Section 15.7.4.6, “UNINSTALL PLUGIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-drop-if-exists.html" title="19.5.1.11 Replication of DROP ... IF EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.11, “Replication of DROP ... IF EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-exclusive-to-cluster.html" title="25.2.7.8 Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.8, “Issues Exclusive to NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP TEMPORARY TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-gtids.html" title="19.1.6.5 Global Transaction ID System Variables">
Section 19.1.6.5, “Global Transaction ID System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-temptables.html" title="19.5.1.31 Replication and Temporary Tables">
Section 19.5.1.31, “Replication and Temporary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-restrictions.html" title="19.1.3.7 Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.7, “Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP TRIGGER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-trigger.html" title="15.1.34 DROP TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.1.34, “DROP TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-triggers.html" title="A.5 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Triggers">
Section A.5, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Triggers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP UNDO TABALESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-undo-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.4 Undo Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.4, “Undo Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP USER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="user-names.html" title="8.2.1 Account User Names and Passwords">
Section 8.2.1, “Account User Names and Passwords”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html" title="8.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts">
Section 8.2.8, “Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-user.html" title="15.7.1.5 DROP USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.5, “DROP USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-use.html" title="10.12.3.1 How MySQL Uses Memory">
Section 10.12.3.1, “How MySQL Uses Memory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-security-mysql-privileges.html" title="25.6.21.2 NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges">
Section 25.6.21.2, “NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-privilege-synchronization.html" title="25.6.13 Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER">
Section 25.6.13, “Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="revoke.html" title="15.7.1.8 REVOKE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.8, “REVOKE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects-security.html" title="27.6 Stored Object Access Control">
Section 27.6, “Stored Object Access Control”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-privileges.html" title="27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.4.6, “The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrading-what-is-upgraded.html" title="3.4 What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades">
Section 3.4, “What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP VIEW
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-view.html" title="15.1.35 DROP VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.35, “DROP VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-restrictions.html" title="27.9 Restrictions on Views">
Section 27.9, “Restrictions on Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-syntax.html" title="27.5.1 View Syntax">
Section 27.5.1, “View Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
DROP VIEW IF EXISTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-drop-if-exists.html" title="19.5.1.11 Replication of DROP ... IF EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.11, “Replication of DROP ... IF EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-E">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
E
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ENCRYPTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
EXCEPT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="except.html" title="15.2.4 EXCEPT Clause">
Section 15.2.4, “EXCEPT Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="intersect.html" title="15.2.8 INTERSECT Clause">
Section 15.2.8, “INTERSECT Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="parenthesized-query-expressions.html" title="15.2.11 Parenthesized Query Expressions">
Section 15.2.11, “Parenthesized Query Expressions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.13, “SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-operations.html" title="15.2.14 Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT">
Section 15.2.14, “Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="switchable-optimizations.html" title="10.9.2 Switchable Optimizations">
Section 10.9.2, “Switchable Optimizations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="values.html" title="15.2.19 VALUES Statement">
Section 15.2.19, “VALUES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
EXCHANGE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
EXECUTE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="call.html" title="15.2.1 CALL Statement">
Section 15.2.1, “CALL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="execute.html" title="15.5.2 EXECUTE Statement">
Section 15.5.2, “EXECUTE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="prepare.html" title="15.5.1 PREPARE Statement">
Section 15.5.1, “PREPARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-prepared-statements.html" title="15.5 Prepared Statements">
Section 15.5, “Prepared Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-prepared-statements-instances-table.html" title="29.12.6.4 The prepared_statements_instances Table">
Section 29.12.6.4, “The prepared_statements_instances Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
EXPLAIN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table-scan-avoidance.html" title="10.2.1.23 Avoiding Full Table Scans">
Section 10.2.1.23, “Avoiding Full Table Scans”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bnl-bka-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.12 Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins">
Section 10.2.1.12, “Block Nested-Loop and Batched Key Access Joins”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="column-indexes.html" title="10.3.5 Column Indexes">
Section 10.3.5, “Column Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="condition-filtering.html" title="10.2.1.13 Condition Filtering">
Section 10.2.1.13, “Condition Filtering”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-persistent-stats.html#innodb-persistent-stats-pages-sampled" title="17.8.10.1.3 Configuring the Number of Sampled Pages for InnoDB Optimizer Statistics">
Section 17.8.10.1.3, “Configuring the Number of Sampled Pages for InnoDB Optimizer Statistics”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-index.html" title="15.1.15 CREATE INDEX Statement">
Section 15.1.15, “CREATE INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="debugging-server.html" title="7.9.1 Debugging a MySQL Server">
Section 7.9.1, “Debugging a MySQL Server”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="derived-tables.html" title="15.2.15.8 Derived Tables">
Section 15.2.15.8, “Derived Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="descending-indexes.html" title="10.3.13 Descending Indexes">
Section 10.3.13, “Descending Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="describe.html" title="15.8.1 DESCRIBE Statement">
Section 15.8.1, “DESCRIBE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="distinct-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.18 DISTINCT Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.18, “DISTINCT Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="engine-condition-pushdown-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.5 Engine Condition Pushdown Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.5, “Engine Condition Pushdown Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="tracing-example.html" title="10.15.12 Example">
Section 10.15.12, “Example”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-extended.html" title="10.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.3, “Extended EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="json-search-functions.html" title="14.17.3 Functions That Search JSON Values">
Section 14.17.3, “Functions That Search JSON Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-by-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.17 GROUP BY Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.17, “GROUP BY Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="hash-joins.html" title="10.2.1.4 Hash Join Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.4, “Hash Join Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-condition-pushdown-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.6 Index Condition Pushdown Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.6, “Index Condition Pushdown Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-hints.html" title="10.9.4 Index Hints">
Section 10.9.4, “Index Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-merge-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.3 Index Merge Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.3, “Index Merge Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-temporary-tables.html" title="10.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL">
Section 10.4.4, “Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-introduction.html" title="28.1 Introduction">
Section 28.1, “Introduction”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-indexes.html" title="10.3.12 Invisible Indexes">
Section 10.3.12, “Invisible Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="is-null-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.15 IS NULL Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.15, “IS NULL Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="limit-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.19 LIMIT Query Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.19, “LIMIT Query Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="miscellaneous-functions.html" title="14.23 Miscellaneous Functions">
Section 14.23, “Miscellaneous Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mrr-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.11 Multi-Range Read Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.11, “Multi-Range Read Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-tips.html" title="6.5.1.6 mysql Client Tips">
Section 6.5.1.6, “mysql Client Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema.html" title="Chapter 29 MySQL Performance Schema">
Chapter 29,
<i>
MySQL Performance Schema
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-status-variables" title="25.4.3.9.3 NDB Cluster Status Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.3, “NDB Cluster Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-for-connection.html" title="10.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection">
Section 10.8.4, “Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-info.html" title="26.3.5 Obtaining Information About Partitions">
Section 26.3.5, “Obtaining Information About Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-statistics.html" title="10.9.6 Optimizer Statistics">
Section 10.9.6, “Optimizer Statistics”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="generated-column-index-optimizations.html" title="10.3.11 Optimizer Use of Generated Column Indexes">
Section 10.3.11, “Optimizer Use of Generated Column Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-issues.html" title="B.3.5 Optimizer-Related Issues">
Section B.3.5, “Optimizer-Related Issues”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="derived-table-optimization.html" title="10.2.2.4 Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions with Merging or Materialization">
Section 10.2.2.4, “Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions
with Merging or Materialization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="semijoins-antijoins.html" title="10.2.2.1 Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin Transformations">
Section 10.2.2.1, “Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin
Transformations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-optimization.html" title="10.2.3 Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries">
Section 10.2.3, “Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-optimization.html" title="10.2.4 Optimizing Performance Schema Queries">
Section 10.2.4, “Optimizing Performance Schema Queries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-explain.html" title="10.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN">
Section 10.8.1, “Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-optimization.html" title="10.2.1 Optimizing SELECT Statements">
Section 10.2.1, “Optimizing SELECT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-materialization.html" title="10.2.2.2 Optimizing Subqueries with Materialization">
Section 10.2.2.2, “Optimizing Subqueries with Materialization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-optimization-with-exists.html" title="10.2.2.3 Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy">
Section 10.2.2.3, “Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="order-by-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.16 ORDER BY Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.16, “ORDER BY Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-pruning.html" title="26.4 Partition Pruning">
Section 26.4, “Partition Pruning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="range-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.2 Range Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.2, “Range Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-secondary-indexes.html" title="15.1.20.9 Secondary Indexes and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.9, “Secondary Indexes and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.13, “SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-features-to-trace.html" title="10.15.10 Selecting Optimizer Features to Trace">
Section 10.15.10, “Selecting Optimizer Features to Trace”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-warnings.html" title="15.7.7.42 SHOW WARNINGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.42, “SHOW WARNINGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="no-matching-rows.html" title="B.3.4.7 Solving Problems with No Matching Rows">
Section B.3.4.7, “Solving Problems with No Matching Rows”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-statement-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.3 Statement Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.3, “Statement Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="switchable-optimizations.html" title="10.9.2 Switchable Optimizations">
Section 10.9.2, “Switchable Optimizations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="features.html" title="1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQL">
Section 1.2.2, “The Main Features of MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sys-ps-trace-statement-digest.html" title="30.4.4.22 The ps_trace_statement_digest() Procedure">
Section 30.4.4.22, “The ps_trace_statement_digest() Procedure”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="execution-plan-information.html" title="10.8 Understanding the Query Execution Plan">
Section 10.8, “Understanding the Query Execution Plan”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-extensions.html" title="10.3.10 Use of Index Extensions">
Section 10.3.10, “Use of Index Extensions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-log-files.html" title="7.9.1.6 Using Server Logs to Find Causes of Errors in mysqld">
Section 7.9.1.6, “Using Server Logs to Find Causes of Errors in mysqld”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-spatial-indexes.html" title="13.4.11 Using Spatial Indexes">
Section 13.4.11, “Using Spatial Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="verifying-index-usage.html" title="10.3.7 Verifying Index Usage">
Section 10.3.7, “Verifying Index Usage”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="window-function-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.21 Window Function Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.21, “Window Function Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="with.html" title="15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)">
Section 15.2.20, “WITH (Common Table Expressions)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
EXPLAIN ... FOR CONNECTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="hash-joins.html" title="10.2.1.4 Hash Join Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.4, “Hash Join Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kill.html" title="15.7.8.4 KILL Statement">
Section 15.7.8.4, “KILL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
EXPLAIN FOR CONNECTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-for-connection.html" title="10.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection">
Section 10.8.4, “Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="range-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.2 Range Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.2, “Range Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
EXPLAIN FORMAT=JSON
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-variables-controlling-tracing.html" title="10.15.2 System Variables Controlling Tracing">
Section 10.15.2, “System Variables Controlling Tracing”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="window-function-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.21 Window Function Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.21, “Window Function Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
EXPLAIN SELECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="derived-tables.html" title="15.2.15.8 Derived Tables">
Section 15.2.15.8, “Derived Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks-handling.html" title="17.7.5.3 How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks">
Section 17.7.5.3, “How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bug-reports.html" title="1.6 How to Report Bugs or Problems">
Section 1.6, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-info.html" title="26.3.5 Obtaining Information About Partitions">
Section 26.3.5, “Obtaining Information About Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
EXPLAIN SELECT COUNT()
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-range.html" title="26.2.1 RANGE Partitioning">
Section 26.2.1, “RANGE Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
EXPLAIN tbl_name
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-explain.html" title="10.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN">
Section 10.8.1, “Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-F">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
F
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FETCH
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-cursor.html" title="15.6.6.2 Cursor DECLARE Statement">
Section 15.6.6.2, “Cursor DECLARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fetch.html" title="15.6.6.3 Cursor FETCH Statement">
Section 15.6.6.3, “Cursor FETCH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FETCH ... INTO var_list
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-variables.html" title="15.6.4 Variables in Stored Programs">
Section 15.6.4, “Variables in Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-policy.html" title="9.3.1 Establishing a Backup Policy">
Section 9.3.1, “Establishing a Backup Policy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-flush.html" title="19.5.1.13 Replication and FLUSH">
Section 19.5.1.13, “Replication and FLUSH”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset.html" title="15.7.8.6 RESET Statement">
Section 15.7.8.6, “RESET Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="unix-signal-response.html" title="6.10 Unix Signal Handling in MySQL">
Section 6.10, “Unix Signal Handling in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH BINARY LOGS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-file-maintenance.html" title="7.4.6 Server Log Maintenance">
Section 7.4.6, “Server Log Maintenance”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH ENGINE LOGS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH ERROR LOGS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-log-rotation.html" title="7.4.2.10 Error Log File Flushing and Renaming">
Section 7.4.2.10, “Error Log File Flushing and Renaming”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH GENERAL LOGS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH LOGS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-strategy-summary.html" title="9.3.3 Backup Strategy Summary">
Section 9.3.3, “Backup Strategy Summary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-methods.html" title="9.2 Database Backup Methods">
Section 9.2, “Database Backup Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-mode-change-online-disable-gtids.html" title="19.1.4.3 Disabling GTID Transactions Online">
Section 19.1.4.3, “Disabling GTID Transactions Online”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-mode-change-online-enable-gtids.html" title="19.1.4.2 Enabling GTID Transactions Online">
Section 19.1.4.2, “Enabling GTID Transactions Online”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-log-rotation.html" title="7.4.2.10 Error Log File Flushing and Renaming">
Section 7.4.2.10, “Error Log File Flushing and Renaming”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-policy.html" title="9.3.1 Establishing a Backup Policy">
Section 9.3.1, “Establishing a Backup Policy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-logs.html" title="7.4 MySQL Server Logs">
Section 7.4, “MySQL Server Logs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
Section 6.5.2, “mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-flush.html" title="19.5.1.13 Replication and FLUSH">
Section 19.5.1.13, “Replication and FLUSH”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-file-maintenance.html" title="7.4.6 Server Log Maintenance">
Section 7.4.6, “Server Log Maintenance”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-howto.html" title="19.1.3.4 Setting Up Replication Using GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.4, “Setting Up Replication Using GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replica-logs-relaylog.html" title="19.2.4.1 The Relay Log">
Section 19.2.4.1, “The Relay Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-failover.html" title="19.1.3.5 Using GTIDs for Failover and Scaleout">
Section 19.1.3.5, “Using GTIDs for Failover and Scaleout”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH OPTIMIZER_COSTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="cost-model.html" title="10.9.5 The Optimizer Cost Model">
Section 10.9.5, “The Optimizer Cost Model”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH PRIVILEGES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="manual-info.html" title="1.1 About This Manual">
Section 1.1, “About This Manual”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="caching-sha2-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.2 Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.2, “Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-use.html" title="10.12.3.1 How MySQL Uses Memory">
Section 10.12.3.1, “How MySQL Uses Memory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-security-mysql-security-procedures.html" title="25.6.21.3 NDB Cluster and MySQL Security Procedures">
Section 25.6.21.3, “NDB Cluster and MySQL Security Procedures”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-management.html" title="8.2.15 Password Management">
Section 8.2.15, “Password Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks-recover.html" title="19.3.3.3 Recovering From Failed Replication Privilege Checks">
Section 19.3.3.3, “Recovering From Failed Replication Privilege Checks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-flush.html" title="19.5.1.13 Replication and FLUSH">
Section 19.5.1.13, “Replication and FLUSH”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks.html" title="19.3.3 Replication Privilege Checks">
Section 19.3.3, “Replication Privilege Checks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="user-resources.html" title="8.2.21 Setting Account Resource Limits">
Section 8.2.21, “Setting Account Resource Limits”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="problems-connecting.html" title="8.2.22 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL">
Section 8.2.22, “Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privilege-changes.html" title="8.2.13 When Privilege Changes Take Effect">
Section 8.2.13, “When Privilege Changes Take Effect”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH RELAY LOGS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-commands-single-channel.html" title="19.2.2.1 Commands for Operations on a Single Channel">
Section 19.2.2.1, “Commands for Operations on a Single Channel”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH RELAY LOGS FOR CHANNEL channel
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH SLOW LOGS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-monitoring.html" title="20.4 Monitoring Group Replication">
Section 20.4, “Monitoring Group Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-status-variable-tables.html" title="29.12.15 Performance Schema Status Variable Tables">
Section 29.12.15, “Performance Schema Status Variable Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-status-variable-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.12 Status Variable Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.12, “Status Variable Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-extensions.html" title="10.3.10 Use of Index Extensions">
Section 10.3.10, “Use of Index Extensions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH TABLES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-myisam-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables">
Section 10.6.2, “Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-caching.html" title="10.10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs">
Section 10.10.3, “Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="handler.html" title="15.2.5 HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.2.5, “HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table-cache.html" title="10.4.3.1 How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables">
Section 10.4.3.1, “How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-use.html" title="10.12.3.1 How MySQL Uses Memory">
Section 10.12.3.1, “How MySQL Uses Memory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisamchk.html" title="6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility">
Section 6.6.4, “myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-masterstatus.html" title="19.1.2.4 Obtaining the Replication Source Binary Log Coordinates">
Section 19.1.2.4, “Obtaining the Replication Source Binary Log Coordinates”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-table-close.html" title="18.2.4.2 Problems from Tables Not Being Closed Properly">
Section 18.2.4.2, “Problems from Tables Not Being Closed Properly”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-flush.html" title="19.5.1.13 Replication and FLUSH">
Section 19.5.1.13, “Replication and FLUSH”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-extensions.html" title="10.3.10 Use of Index Extensions">
Section 10.3.10, “Use of Index Extensions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH TABLES ... FOR EXPORT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-create-table-external.html" title="17.6.1.2 Creating Tables Externally">
Section 17.6.1.2, “Creating Tables Externally”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-import.html" title="17.6.1.3 Importing InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.3, “Importing InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH TABLES ...FOR EXPORT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH TABLES tbl_name ...
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH TABLES tbl_name ... FOR EXPORT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH TABLES tbl_name ... WITH READ LOCK
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-instance-for-backup.html" title="15.3.5 LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements">
Section 15.3.5, “LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH TABLES tbl_name WITH READ LOCK
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="handler.html" title="15.2.5 HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.2.5, “HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-tablespace.html" title="15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.10, “ALTER TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-methods.html" title="9.2 Database Backup Methods">
Section 9.2, “Database Backup Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-policy.html" title="9.3.1 Establishing a Backup Policy">
Section 9.3.1, “Establishing a Backup Policy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-masterstatus.html" title="19.1.2.4 Obtaining the Replication Source Binary Log Coordinates">
Section 19.1.2.4, “Obtaining the Replication Source Binary Log Coordinates”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-flush.html" title="19.5.1.13 Replication and FLUSH">
Section 19.5.1.13, “Replication and FLUSH”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
Section 15.3.1, “START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-metadata-locks-table.html" title="29.12.13.3 The metadata_locks Table">
Section 29.12.13.3, “The metadata_locks Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
FLUSH USER_RESOURCES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="user-resources.html" title="8.2.21 Setting Account Resource Limits">
Section 8.2.21, “Setting Account Resource Limits”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-G">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
G
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
GET DIAGNOSTICS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="condition-handling.html" title="15.6.7 Condition Handling">
Section 15.6.7, “Condition Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-interfaces.html" title="B.2 Error Information Interfaces">
Section B.2, “Error Information Interfaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="get-diagnostics.html" title="15.6.7.3 GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement">
Section 15.6.7.3, “GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="resignal.html" title="15.6.7.4 RESIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.4, “RESIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="condition-handling-restrictions.html" title="15.6.8 Restrictions on Condition Handling">
Section 15.6.8, “Restrictions on Condition Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-warnings.html" title="15.7.7.42 SHOW WARNINGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.42, “SHOW WARNINGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="signal.html" title="15.6.7.5 SIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.5, “SIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="diagnostics-area.html" title="15.6.7.7 The MySQL Diagnostics Area">
Section 15.6.7.7, “The MySQL Diagnostics Area”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="get-diagnostics.html" title="15.6.7.3 GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement">
Section 15.6.7.3, “GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="diagnostics-area.html" title="15.6.7.7 The MySQL Diagnostics Area">
Section 15.6.7.7, “The MySQL Diagnostics Area”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
GRANT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="access-control.html" title="8.2 Access Control and Account Management">
Section 8.2, “Access Control and Account Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="request-access.html" title="8.2.7 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification">
Section 8.2.7, “Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-categories.html" title="8.2.11 Account Categories">
Section 8.2.11, “Account Categories”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="user-names.html" title="8.2.1 Account User Names and Passwords">
Section 8.2.1, “Account User Names and Passwords”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html" title="8.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts">
Section 8.2.8, “Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-sbr-rbr.html" title="19.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication">
Section 19.2.1.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based
Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-connection-security.html" title="20.6.1 Communication Stack for Connection Security Management">
Section 20.6.1, “Communication Stack for Connection Security Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-read-only-instance.html" title="17.8.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation">
Section 17.8.2, “Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ipv6-local-connections.html" title="7.1.13.3 Connecting Using the IPv6 Local Host Address">
Section 7.1.13.3, “Connecting Using the IPv6 Local Host Address”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-user.html" title="15.7.1.3 CREATE USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.3, “CREATE USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-repuser.html" title="19.1.2.3 Creating a User for Replication">
Section 19.1.2.3, “Creating a User for Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules-table-options.html" title="19.2.5.2 Evaluation of Table-Level Replication Options">
Section 19.2.5.2, “Evaluation of Table-Level Replication Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-use.html" title="10.12.3.1 How MySQL Uses Memory">
Section 10.12.3.1, “How MySQL Uses Memory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-directory-initialization.html" title="2.9.1 Initializing the Data Directory">
Section 2.9.1, “Initializing the Data Directory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ipv6-support.html" title="7.1.13 IPv6 Support">
Section 7.1.13, “IPv6 Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-replication.html" title="A.14 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication">
Section A.14, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-security-mysql-privileges.html" title="25.6.21.2 NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges">
Section 25.6.21.2, “NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="permission-optimization.html" title="10.2.6 Optimizing Database Privileges">
Section 10.2.6, “Optimizing Database Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-logging.html" title="8.1.2.3 Passwords and Logging">
Section 8.1.2.3, “Passwords and Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-preparation.html" title="25.7.5 Preparing the NDB Cluster for Replication">
Section 25.7.5, “Preparing the NDB Cluster for Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partial-revokes.html" title="8.2.12 Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes">
Section 8.2.12, “Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-privilege-synchronization.html" title="25.6.13 Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER">
Section 25.6.13, “Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="proxy-users.html" title="8.2.19 Proxy Users">
Section 8.2.19, “Proxy Users”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-flush.html" title="19.5.1.13 Replication and FLUSH">
Section 19.5.1.13, “Replication and FLUSH”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-mysqldb.html" title="19.5.1.22 Replication of the mysql System Schema">
Section 19.5.1.22, “Replication of the mysql System Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks.html" title="19.3.3 Replication Privilege Checks">
Section 19.3.3, “Replication Privilege Checks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="revoke.html" title="15.7.1.8 REVOKE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.8, “REVOKE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="security-guidelines.html" title="8.1.1 Security Guidelines">
Section 8.1.1, “Security Guidelines”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-grants.html" title="15.7.7.22 SHOW GRANTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.22, “SHOW GRANTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-names.html" title="8.2.4 Specifying Account Names">
Section 8.2.4, “Specifying Account Names”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-variable-privileges.html" title="7.1.9.1 System Variable Privileges">
Section 7.1.9.1, “System Variable Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-privileges.html" title="27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.4.6, “The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="firewall-usage.html" title="8.4.7.3 Using MySQL Enterprise Firewall">
Section 8.4.7.3, “Using MySQL Enterprise Firewall”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privilege-changes.html" title="8.2.13 When Privilege Changes Take Effect">
Section 8.2.13, “When Privilege Changes Take Effect”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="windows-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.6 Windows Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.6, “Windows Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
GRANT ALL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
GRANT EVENT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-privileges.html" title="27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.4.6, “The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
GRANT PROXY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ldap-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.7 LDAP Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.7, “LDAP Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
GROUP BY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-benefits.html" title="17.1.1 Benefits of Using InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.1.1, “Benefits of Using InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-H">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
H
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
HANDLER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-usagenotes.html" title="18.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips">
Section 18.8.3, “FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-stored-procs.html" title="A.4 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions">
Section A.4, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="compatibility.html" title="1.7 MySQL Standards Compliance">
Section 1.7, “MySQL Standards Compliance”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
HANDLER ... CLOSE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-open-tables.html" title="15.7.7.25 SHOW OPEN TABLES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.25, “SHOW OPEN TABLES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
HANDLER ... OPEN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-open-tables.html" title="15.7.7.25 SHOW OPEN TABLES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.25, “SHOW OPEN TABLES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
HANDLER ... READ
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
HANDLER OPEN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="handler.html" title="15.2.5 HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.2.5, “HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.37, “TRUNCATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
HELP
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="help.html" title="15.8.3 HELP Statement">
Section 15.8.3, “HELP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-directory-initialization.html" title="2.9.1 Initializing the Data Directory">
Section 2.9.1, “Initializing the Data Directory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-side-help-support.html" title="7.1.17 Server-Side Help Support">
Section 7.1.17, “Server-Side Help Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-I">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
I
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
IF
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-caching.html" title="10.10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs">
Section 10.10.3, “Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-handler.html" title="15.6.7.2 DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.6.7.2, “DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flow-control-functions.html" title="14.5 Flow Control Functions">
Section 14.5, “Flow Control Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flow-control-statements.html" title="15.6.5 Flow Control Statements">
Section 15.6.5, “Flow Control Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="if.html" title="15.6.5.2 IF Statement">
Section 15.6.5.2, “IF Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
IMPORT PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
IMPORT PARTITION ... TABLESPACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
Section 15.1.9.1, “ALTER TABLE Partition Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
IMPORT TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="import-table.html" title="15.2.6 IMPORT TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.6, “IMPORT TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
Section 15.2.9, “LOAD DATA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="serialized-dictionary-information.html" title="16.6 Serialized Dictionary Information (SDI)">
Section 16.6, “Serialized Dictionary Information (SDI)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="access-control.html" title="8.2 Access Control and Account Management">
Section 8.2, “Access Control and Account Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="request-access.html" title="8.2.7 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification">
Section 8.2.7, “Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-categories.html" title="8.2.11 Account Categories">
Section 8.2.11, “Account Categories”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html" title="8.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts">
Section 8.2.8, “Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-sbr-rbr.html" title="19.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication">
Section 19.2.1.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based
Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filtering.html" title="8.4.5.7 Audit Log Filtering">
Section 8.4.5.7, “Audit Log Filtering”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-reference.html" title="8.4.5.11 Audit Log Reference">
Section 8.4.5.11, “Audit Log Reference”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html" title="17.6.1.6 AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.6, “AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-autocommit-commit-rollback.html" title="17.7.2.2 autocommit, Commit, and Rollback">
Section 17.7.2.2, “autocommit, Commit, and Rollback”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-types.html" title="9.1 Backup and Recovery Types">
Section 9.1, “Backup and Recovery Types”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-best-practices.html" title="17.1.2 Best Practices for InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.1.2, “Best Practices for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-innodb-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables">
Section 10.5.5, “Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-myisam-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables">
Section 10.6.2, “Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-caching.html" title="10.10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs">
Section 10.10.3, “Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-change-buffer.html" title="17.5.2 Change Buffer">
Section 17.5.2, “Change Buffer”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-check-constraints.html" title="15.1.20.6 CHECK Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.6, “CHECK Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-conversion.html" title="12.7 Column Character Set Conversion">
Section 12.7, “Column Character Set Conversion”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-compression-oltp.html" title="17.9.1.6 Compression for OLTP Workloads">
Section 17.9.1.6, “Compression for OLTP Workloads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="concurrent-inserts.html" title="10.11.3 Concurrent Inserts">
Section 10.11.3, “Concurrent Inserts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="converting-tables-to-innodb.html" title="17.6.1.5 Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.5, “Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-index.html" title="15.1.15 CREATE INDEX Statement">
Section 15.1.15, “CREATE INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-generated-columns.html" title="15.1.20.8 CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.8, “CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-temporary-table.html" title="15.1.20.2 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20.2, “CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-trigger.html" title="15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.1.22, “CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.23, “CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-create-connection.html" title="18.8.2.1 Creating a FEDERATED Table Using CONNECTION">
Section 18.8.2.1, “Creating a FEDERATED Table Using CONNECTION”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-type-defaults.html" title="13.6 Data Type Default Values">
Section 13.6, “Data Type Default Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="date-and-time-type-syntax.html" title="13.2.1 Date and Time Data Type Syntax">
Section 13.2.1, “Date and Time Data Type Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-handler.html" title="15.6.7.2 DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.6.7.2, “DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="delete.html" title="15.2.2 DELETE Statement">
Section 15.2.2, “DELETE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rbr-safe-unsafe.html" title="19.2.1.3 Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging">
Section 19.2.1.3, “Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-policy.html" title="9.3.1 Establishing a Backup Policy">
Section 9.3.1, “Establishing a Backup Policy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="precision-math-expressions.html" title="14.24.3 Expression Handling">
Section 14.24.3, “Expression Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-extended.html" title="10.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.3, “Extended EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-usagenotes.html" title="18.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips">
Section 18.8.3, “FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="forcing-innodb-recovery.html" title="17.20.3 Forcing InnoDB Recovery">
Section 17.20.3, “Forcing InnoDB Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-restrictions.html" title="14.9.5 Full-Text Restrictions">
Section 14.9.5, “Full-Text Restrictions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking.html" title="17.7.1 InnoDB Locking">
Section 17.7.1, “InnoDB Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-on-duplicate.html" title="15.2.7.2 INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.7.2, “INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-select.html" title="15.2.7.1 INSERT ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.7.1, “INSERT ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-delayed.html" title="15.2.7.3 INSERT DELAYED Statement">
Section 15.2.7.3, “INSERT DELAYED Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules-examples.html" title="19.2.5.3 Interactions Between Replication Filtering Options">
Section 19.2.5.3, “Interactions Between Replication Filtering Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-locking.html" title="10.11.1 Internal Locking Methods">
Section 10.11.1, “Internal Locking Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-introduction.html" title="28.1 Introduction">
Section 28.1, “Introduction”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="json-validation-functions.html" title="14.17.7 JSON Schema Validation Functions">
Section 14.17.7, “JSON Schema Validation Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-transactions.html" title="25.2.7.3 Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.3, “Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-list.html" title="26.2.2 LIST Partitioning">
Section 26.2.2, “LIST Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
Section 15.2.9, “LOAD DATA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="loading-tables.html" title="5.3.3 Loading Data into a Table">
Section 5.3.3, “Loading Data into a Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-range-list.html" title="26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions">
Section 26.3.1, “Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="metadata-locking.html" title="10.11.4 Metadata Locking">
Section 10.11.4, “Metadata Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="miscellaneous-functions.html" title="14.23 Miscellaneous Functions">
Section 14.23, “Miscellaneous Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-general.html" title="A.1 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: General">
Section A.1, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: General”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-cjk.html" title="A.11 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character Sets">
Section A.11, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
Character Sets”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-triggers.html" title="A.5 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Triggers">
Section A.5, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Triggers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-views.html" title="A.6 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Views">
Section A.6, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-command-options.html" title="6.5.1.1 mysql Client Options">
Section 6.5.1.1, “mysql Client Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="enterprise-encryption-usage.html" title="8.6.3 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Usage and Examples">
Section 8.6.3, “MySQL Enterprise Encryption Usage and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="gone-away.html" title="B.3.2.7 MySQL server has gone away">
Section B.3.2.7, “MySQL server has gone away”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndb-api-statistics.html" title="25.6.16 NDB API Statistics Counters and Variables">
Section 25.6.16, “NDB API Statistics Counters and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html" title="25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects">
Section 25.6.11.1, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-install-example-data.html" title="25.3.5 NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data">
Section 25.3.5, “NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-conflict-resolution.html" title="25.7.12 NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution">
Section 25.7.12, “NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-for-connection.html" title="10.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection">
Section 10.8.4, “Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.4, “OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-change-optimization.html" title="10.2.5 Optimizing Data Change Statements">
Section 10.2.5, “Optimizing Data Change Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-optimization.html" title="10.2.5.1 Optimizing INSERT Statements">
Section 10.2.5.1, “Optimizing INSERT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-queries-myisam.html" title="10.6.1 Optimizing MyISAM Queries">
Section 10.6.1, “Optimizing MyISAM Queries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-explain.html" title="10.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN">
Section 10.8.1, “Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="out-of-range-and-overflow.html" title="13.1.7 Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling">
Section 13.1.7, “Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-overview.html" title="26.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQL">
Section 26.1, “Overview of Partitioning in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-pruning.html" title="26.4 Partition Pruning">
Section 26.4, “Partition Pruning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-selection.html" title="26.5 Partition Selection">
Section 26.5, “Partition Selection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-logging.html" title="8.1.2.3 Passwords and Logging">
Section 8.1.2.3, “Passwords and Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-statement-tables.html" title="29.12.6 Performance Schema Statement Event Tables">
Section 29.12.6, “Performance Schema Statement Event Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-rolling-restart.html" title="25.6.5 Performing a Rolling Restart of an NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.5, “Performing a Rolling Restart of an NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="populating-spatial-columns.html" title="13.4.7 Populating Spatial Columns">
Section 13.4.7, “Populating Spatial Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-thread-filtering.html" title="29.4.6 Pre-Filtering by Thread">
Section 29.4.6, “Pre-Filtering by Thread”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="prepare.html" title="15.5.1 PREPARE Statement">
Section 15.5.1, “PREPARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="constraint-primary-key.html" title="1.7.3.1 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE Index Constraints">
Section 1.7.3.1, “PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE Index Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-purge-configuration.html" title="17.8.9 Purge Configuration">
Section 17.8.9, “Purge Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-range.html" title="26.2.1 RANGE Partitioning">
Section 26.2.1, “RANGE Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replace.html" title="15.2.12 REPLACE Statement">
Section 15.2.12, “REPLACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-errors.html" title="19.5.1.29 Replica Errors During Replication">
Section 19.5.1.29, “Replica Errors During Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-auto-increment.html" title="19.5.1.1 Replication and AUTO_INCREMENT">
Section 19.5.1.1, “Replication and AUTO_INCREMENT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-sql-mode.html" title="19.5.1.30 Replication and Server SQL Mode">
Section 19.5.1.30, “Replication and Server SQL Mode”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-functions.html" title="19.5.1.14 Replication and System Functions">
Section 19.5.1.14, “Replication and System Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-triggers.html" title="19.5.1.36 Replication and Triggers">
Section 19.5.1.36, “Replication and Triggers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-variables.html" title="19.5.1.39 Replication and Variables">
Section 19.5.1.39, “Replication and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-source.html" title="19.1.6.2 Replication Source Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.2, “Replication Source Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-secondary-indexes.html" title="15.1.20.9 Secondary Indexes and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.9, “Secondary Indexes and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-procedure-code.html" title="15.7.7.29 SHOW PROCEDURE CODE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.29, “SHOW PROCEDURE CODE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-table-status.html" title="15.7.7.38 SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.38, “SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-warnings.html" title="15.7.7.42 SHOW WARNINGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.42, “SHOW WARNINGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="spatial-index-optimization.html" title="10.3.3 SPATIAL Index Optimization">
Section 10.3.3, “SPATIAL Index Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subqueries.html" title="15.2.15 Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15, “Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table-locking.html" title="10.11.2 Table Locking Issues">
Section 10.11.2, “Table Locking Issues”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table.html" title="15.2.16 TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.16, “TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
Section 18.5, “The ARCHIVE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-binary-collations.html" title="12.8.5 The binary Collation Compared to _bin Collations">
Section 12.8.5, “The binary Collation Compared to _bin Collations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="blackhole-storage-engine.html" title="18.6 The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine">
Section 18.6, “The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-tables-table.html" title="28.3.38 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table">
Section 28.3.38, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-views-table.html" title="28.3.47 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table">
Section 28.3.47, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="features.html" title="1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQL">
Section 1.2.2, “The Main Features of MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-storage-engine.html" title="18.7 The MERGE Storage Engine">
Section 18.7, “The MERGE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-storage-engine.html" title="18.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine">
Section 18.2, “The MyISAM Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin.html" title="7.6.4 The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4, “The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-shutdown.html" title="7.1.19 The Server Shutdown Process">
Section 7.1.19, “The Server Shutdown Process”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html" title="17.7.2.1 Transaction Isolation Levels">
Section 17.7.2.1, “Transaction Isolation Levels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="problems-connecting.html" title="8.2.22 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL">
Section 8.2.22, “Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-undo-logs.html" title="17.6.6 Undo Logs">
Section 17.6.6, “Undo Logs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-updatability.html" title="27.5.3 Updatable and Insertable Views">
Section 27.5.3, “Updatable and Insertable Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.17, “UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-information-schema-examples.html" title="17.15.2.1 Using InnoDB Transaction and Locking Information">
Section 17.15.2.1, “Using InnoDB Transaction and Locking Information”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin-usage.html" title="7.6.4.2 Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4.2, “Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="triggers.html" title="27.3 Using Triggers">
Section 27.3, “Using Triggers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="values.html" title="15.2.19 VALUES Statement">
Section 15.2.19, “VALUES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privilege-changes.html" title="8.2.13 When Privilege Changes Take Effect">
Section 8.2.13, “When Privilege Changes Take Effect”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filter-definitions.html" title="8.4.5.8 Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions">
Section 8.4.5.8, “Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html" title="17.6.1.6 AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.6, “AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rbr-safe-unsafe.html" title="19.2.1.3 Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging">
Section 19.2.1.3, “Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-usagenotes.html" title="18.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips">
Section 18.8.3, “FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-on-duplicate.html" title="15.2.7.2 INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.7.2, “INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-issues.html" title="25.7.3 Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.3, “Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="miscellaneous-functions.html" title="14.23 Miscellaneous Functions">
Section 14.23, “Miscellaneous Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="values.html" title="15.2.19 VALUES Statement">
Section 15.2.19, “VALUES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT ... SELECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-sbr-rbr.html" title="19.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication">
Section 19.2.1.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based
Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html" title="17.6.1.6 AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.6, “AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="concurrent-inserts.html" title="10.11.3 Concurrent Inserts">
Section 10.11.3, “Concurrent Inserts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-on-duplicate.html" title="15.2.7.2 INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.7.2, “INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-select.html" title="15.2.7.1 INSERT ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.7.1, “INSERT ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-temporary-tables.html" title="10.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL">
Section 10.4.4, “Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="known-issues.html" title="B.3.7 Known Issues in MySQL">
Section B.3.7, “Known Issues in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-selection.html" title="26.5 Partition Selection">
Section 26.5, “Partition Selection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-limit.html" title="19.5.1.18 Replication and LIMIT">
Section 19.5.1.18, “Replication and LIMIT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT ... SELECT ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-on-duplicate.html" title="15.2.7.2 INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.7.2, “INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-select.html" title="15.2.7.1 INSERT ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.7.1, “INSERT ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT ... SET
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT ... TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT ... VALUES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT ... VALUES ROW()
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT DELAYED
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-delayed.html" title="15.2.7.3 INSERT DELAYED Statement">
Section 15.2.7.3, “INSERT DELAYED Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT IGNORE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-check-constraints.html" title="15.1.20.6 CHECK Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.6, “CHECK Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="constraint-enum.html" title="1.7.3.3 ENUM and SET Constraints">
Section 1.7.3.3, “ENUM and SET Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT IGNORE ... SELECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-select.html" title="15.2.7.1 INSERT ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.7.1, “INSERT ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT INTO ... SELECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="request-access.html" title="8.2.7 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification">
Section 8.2.7, “Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-consistent-read.html" title="17.7.2.3 Consistent Nonlocking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.3, “Consistent Nonlocking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.13, “CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ansi-diff-select-into-table.html" title="1.7.2.1 SELECT INTO TABLE Differences">
Section 1.7.2.1, “SELECT INTO TABLE Differences”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-storage-engine.html" title="18.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine">
Section 18.3, “The MEMORY Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filter-definitions.html" title="8.4.5.8 Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions">
Section 8.4.5.8, “Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT INTO ... SELECT *
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT INTO ... SELECT FROM memory_table
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-memory.html" title="19.5.1.21 Replication and MEMORY Tables">
Section 19.5.1.21, “Replication and MEMORY Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSERT INTO...SELECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-optimization.html" title="10.2.1 Optimizing SELECT Statements">
Section 10.2.1, “Optimizing SELECT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSTALL COMPONENT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-log-components.html" title="7.5.3 Error Log Components">
Section 7.5.3, “Error Log Components”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-log-configuration.html" title="7.4.2.1 Error Log Configuration">
Section 7.4.2.1, “Error Log Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="install-component.html" title="15.7.4.3 INSTALL COMPONENT Statement">
Section 15.7.4.3, “INSTALL COMPONENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="component-loading.html" title="7.5.1 Installing and Uninstalling Components">
Section 7.5.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Components”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-component-installation.html" title="8.4.4.2 Keyring Component Installation">
Section 8.4.4.2, “Keyring Component Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="enterprise-encryption-installation.html" title="8.6.1 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Installation and Upgrading">
Section 8.6.1, “MySQL Enterprise Encryption Installation and Upgrading”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="obtaining-component-information.html" title="7.5.2 Obtaining Component Information">
Section 7.5.2, “Obtaining Component Information”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="validate-password-installation.html" title="8.4.3.1 Password Validation Component Installation and Uninstallation">
Section 8.4.3.1, “Password Validation Component Installation and Uninstallation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="query-attributes.html" title="11.6 Query Attributes">
Section 11.6, “Query Attributes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-api-message-emit.html" title="8.4.6 The Audit Message Component">
Section 8.4.6, “The Audit Message Component”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-schema.html" title="7.3 The mysql System Schema">
Section 7.3, “The mysql System Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="uninstall-component.html" title="15.7.4.5 UNINSTALL COMPONENT Statement">
Section 15.7.4.5, “UNINSTALL COMPONENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INSTALL PLUGIN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filtering.html" title="8.4.5.7 Audit Log Filtering">
Section 8.4.5.7, “Audit Log Filtering”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-reference.html" title="8.4.5.11 Audit Log Reference">
Section 8.4.5.11, “Audit Log Reference”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-read-only-instance.html" title="17.8.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation">
Section 17.8.2, “Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="connection-control-installation.html" title="8.4.2.1 Connection-Control Plugin Installation">
Section 8.4.2.1, “Connection-Control Plugin Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ddl-rewriter-options.html" title="7.6.5.2 ddl_rewriter Plugin Options">
Section 7.6.5.2, “ddl_rewriter Plugin Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-functions-general-purpose.html" title="8.4.4.12 General-Purpose Keyring Key-Management Functions">
Section 8.4.4.12, “General-Purpose Keyring Key-Management Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-use.html" title="10.12.3.1 How MySQL Uses Memory">
Section 10.12.3.1, “How MySQL Uses Memory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="install-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.4 INSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
Section 15.7.4.4, “INSTALL PLUGIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="component-loading.html" title="7.5.1 Installing and Uninstalling Components">
Section 7.5.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Components”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="plugin-loading.html" title="7.6.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins">
Section 7.6.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Plugins”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ddl-rewriter-installation.html" title="7.6.5.1 Installing or Uninstalling ddl_rewriter">
Section 7.6.5.1, “Installing or Uninstalling ddl_rewriter”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-installation.html" title="8.4.5.2 Installing or Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Audit">
Section 8.4.5.2, “Installing or Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Audit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="firewall-installation.html" title="8.4.7.2 Installing or Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Firewall">
Section 8.4.7.2, “Installing or Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Firewall”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="version-tokens-installation.html" title="7.6.6.2 Installing or Uninstalling Version Tokens">
Section 7.6.6.2, “Installing or Uninstalling Version Tokens”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-semisync-installation.html" title="19.4.10.1 Installing Semisynchronous Replication">
Section 19.4.10.1, “Installing Semisynchronous Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-installation.html" title="7.6.7.1 Installing the Clone Plugin">
Section 7.6.7.1, “Installing the Clone Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kerberos-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.8 Kerberos Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.8, “Kerberos Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-plugin-installation.html" title="8.4.4.3 Keyring Plugin Installation">
Section 8.4.4.3, “Keyring Plugin Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ldap-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.7 LDAP Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.7, “LDAP Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-search-mecab.html" title="14.9.9 MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin">
Section 14.9.9, “MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-masking-plugin-installation.html" title="8.5.3.1 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Plugin Installation">
Section 8.5.3.1, “MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Plugin Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="source-configuration-options.html" title="2.8.7 MySQL Source-Configuration Options">
Section 2.8.7, “MySQL Source-Configuration Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="no-login-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.9 No-Login Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.9, “No-Login Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="obtaining-plugin-information.html" title="7.6.2 Obtaining Server Plugin Information">
Section 7.6.2, “Obtaining Server Plugin Information”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.5 PAM Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.5, “PAM Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="validate-password-options-variables.html" title="8.4.3.2 Password Validation Options and Variables">
Section 8.4.3.2, “Password Validation Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="pluggable-storage.html" title="18.11.1 Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture">
Section 18.11.1, “Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-plugins.html" title="15.7.7.27 SHOW PLUGINS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.27, “SHOW PLUGINS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="socket-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.10 Socket Peer-Credential Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.10, “Socket Peer-Credential Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="test-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.12 Test Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.12, “Test Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-plugins-table.html" title="28.3.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table">
Section 28.3.22, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-schema.html" title="7.3 The mysql System Schema">
Section 7.3, “The mysql System Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="uninstall-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.6 UNINSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
Section 15.7.4.6, “UNINSTALL PLUGIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-aws-plugin.html" title="8.4.4.7 Using the keyring_aws Amazon Web Services Keyring Plugin">
Section 8.4.4.7, “Using the keyring_aws Amazon Web Services Keyring Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="webauthn-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.11 WebAuthn Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.11, “WebAuthn Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="windows-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.6 Windows Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.6, “Windows Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
INTERSECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="except.html" title="15.2.4 EXCEPT Clause">
Section 15.2.4, “EXCEPT Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="parenthesized-query-expressions.html" title="15.2.11 Parenthesized Query Expressions">
Section 15.2.11, “Parenthesized Query Expressions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.13, “SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-operations.html" title="15.2.14 Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT">
Section 15.2.14, “Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="switchable-optimizations.html" title="10.9.2 Switchable Optimizations">
Section 10.9.2, “Switchable Optimizations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="values.html" title="15.2.19 VALUES Statement">
Section 15.2.19, “VALUES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ITERATE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-handler.html" title="15.6.7.2 DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.6.7.2, “DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flow-control-statements.html" title="15.6.5 Flow Control Statements">
Section 15.6.5, “Flow Control Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="iterate.html" title="15.6.5.3 ITERATE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.3, “ITERATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-labels.html" title="15.6.2 Statement Labels">
Section 15.6.2, “Statement Labels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-J">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
J
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
JOIN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="correlated-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.7 Correlated Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15.7, “Correlated Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-K">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
K
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
KILL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3.1, “Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="thread-information.html" title="10.14 Examining Server Thread (Process) Information">
Section 10.14, “Examining Server Thread (Process) Information”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-lifecycle.html" title="19.1.3.2 GTID Life Cycle">
Section 19.1.3.2, “GTID Life Cycle”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kill.html" title="15.7.8.4 KILL Statement">
Section 15.7.8.4, “KILL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="gone-away.html" title="B.3.2.7 MySQL server has gone away">
Section B.3.2.7, “MySQL server has gone away”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-transaction-inconsistencies.html" title="19.5.1.34 Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies">
Section 19.5.1.34, “Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-processlist.html" title="15.7.7.31 SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement">
Section 15.7.7.31, “SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stop-replica.html" title="15.4.2.5 STOP REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.5, “STOP REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sys-innodb-lock-waits.html" title="30.4.3.9 The innodb_lock_waits and x$innodb_lock_waits Views">
Section 30.4.3.9, “The innodb_lock_waits and x$innodb_lock_waits Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sys-schema-table-lock-waits.html" title="30.4.3.28 The schema_table_lock_waits and x$schema_table_lock_waits Views">
Section 30.4.3.28, “The schema_table_lock_waits and x$schema_table_lock_waits Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
KILL CONNECTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kill.html" title="15.7.8.4 KILL Statement">
Section 15.7.8.4, “KILL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stop-replica.html" title="15.4.2.5 STOP REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.5, “STOP REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-shutdown.html" title="7.1.19 The Server Shutdown Process">
Section 7.1.19, “The Server Shutdown Process”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
KILL QUERY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kill.html" title="15.7.8.4 KILL Statement">
Section 15.7.8.4, “KILL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="miscellaneous-functions.html" title="14.23 Miscellaneous Functions">
Section 14.23, “Miscellaneous Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stop-replica.html" title="15.4.2.5 STOP REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.5, “STOP REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-shutdown.html" title="7.1.19 The Server Shutdown Process">
Section 7.1.19, “The Server Shutdown Process”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="with.html" title="15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)">
Section 15.2.20, “WITH (Common Table Expressions)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
KILL QUERY processlist_id
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-stop.html" title="7.6.7.11 Stopping a Cloning Operation">
Section 7.6.7.11, “Stopping a Cloning Operation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-L">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
L
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LEAVE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-handler.html" title="15.6.7.2 DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.6.7.2, “DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flow-control-statements.html" title="15.6.5 Flow Control Statements">
Section 15.6.5, “Flow Control Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="leave.html" title="15.6.5.4 LEAVE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.4, “LEAVE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="loop.html" title="15.6.5.5 LOOP Statement">
Section 15.6.5.5, “LOOP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="return.html" title="15.6.5.7 RETURN Statement">
Section 15.6.5.7, “RETURN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-labels.html" title="15.6.2 Statement Labels">
Section 15.6.2, “Statement Labels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOAD DATA
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-file-formats.html" title="8.4.5.4 Audit Log File Formats">
Section 8.4.5.4, “Audit Log File Formats”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-restrictions.html" title="8.4.5.12 Audit Log Restrictions">
Section 8.4.5.12, “Audit Log Restrictions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html" title="17.6.1.6 AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.6, “AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-backups-rawdata.html" title="19.4.1.2 Backing Up Raw Data from a Replica">
Section 19.4.1.2, “Backing Up Raw Data from a Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-types.html" title="9.1 Backup and Recovery Types">
Section 9.1, “Backup and Recovery Types”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-myisam-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables">
Section 10.6.2, “Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-check-constraints.html" title="15.1.20.6 CHECK Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.6, “CHECK Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="concurrent-inserts.html" title="10.11.3 Concurrent Inserts">
Section 10.11.3, “Concurrent Inserts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-trigger.html" title="15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.1.22, “CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-methods.html" title="9.2 Database Backup Methods">
Section 9.2, “Database Backup Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-database.html" title="12.3.3 Database Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.3, “Database Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rbr-safe-unsafe.html" title="19.2.1.3 Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging">
Section 19.2.1.3, “Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="full-disk.html" title="B.3.3.4 How MySQL Handles a Full Disk">
Section B.3.3.4, “How MySQL Handles a Full Disk”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="import-table.html" title="15.2.6 IMPORT TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.6, “IMPORT TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="known-issues.html" title="B.3.7 Known Issues in MySQL">
Section B.3.7, “Known Issues in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-transactions.html" title="25.2.7.3 Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.3, “Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
Section 15.2.9, “LOAD DATA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-xml.html" title="15.2.10 LOAD XML Statement">
Section 15.2.10, “LOAD XML Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="loading-tables.html" title="5.3.3 Loading Data into a Table">
Section 5.3.3, “Loading Data into a Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="security-against-attack.html" title="8.1.3 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers">
Section 8.1.3, “Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-start.html" title="18.2.1 MyISAM Startup Options">
Section 18.2.1, “MyISAM Startup Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-command-options.html" title="6.5.1.1 mysql Client Options">
Section 6.5.1.1, “mysql Client Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlimport.html" title="6.5.5 mysqlimport — A Data Import Program">
Section 6.5.5, “mysqlimport — A Data Import Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-import.html" title="25.5.13 ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB">
Section 25.5.13, “ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-show-tables.html" title="25.5.27 ndb_show_tables — Display List of NDB Tables">
Section 25.5.27, “ndb_show_tables — Display List of NDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="null-values.html" title="11.1.7 NULL Values">
Section 11.1.7, “NULL Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-optimization.html" title="10.2.5.1 Optimizing INSERT Statements">
Section 10.2.5.1, “Optimizing INSERT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="out-of-range-and-overflow.html" title="13.1.7 Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling">
Section 13.1.7, “Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="programs-overview.html" title="6.1 Overview of MySQL Programs">
Section 6.1, “Overview of MySQL Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-overview.html" title="26.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQL">
Section 26.1, “Overview of Partitioning in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-selection.html" title="26.5 Partition Selection">
Section 26.5, “Partition Selection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-rolling-restart.html" title="25.6.5 Performing a Rolling Restart of an NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.5, “Performing a Rolling Restart of an NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks-account.html" title="19.3.3.1 Privileges For The Replication PRIVILEGE_CHECKS_USER Account">
Section 19.3.3.1, “Privileges For The Replication PRIVILEGE_CHECKS_USER Account”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="problems-with-null.html" title="B.3.4.3 Problems with NULL Values">
Section B.3.4.3, “Problems with NULL Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reloading-delimited-text-dumps.html" title="9.4.4 Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups">
Section 9.4.4, “Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-load-data.html" title="19.5.1.19 Replication and LOAD DATA">
Section 19.5.1.19, “Replication and LOAD DATA”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replica-sql-thread-states.html" title="10.14.6 Replication SQL Thread States">
Section 10.14.6, “Replication SQL Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-restrictions.html" title="12.11 Restrictions on Character Sets">
Section 12.11, “Restrictions on Character Sets”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-binlog-encryption-scope.html" title="19.3.2.1 Scope of Binary Log Encryption">
Section 19.3.2.1, “Scope of Binary Log Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data-local-security.html" title="8.1.6 Security Considerations for LOAD DATA LOCAL">
Section 8.1.6, “Security Considerations for LOAD DATA LOCAL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
Section 15.2.13.1, “SELECT ... INTO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="selecting-all.html" title="5.3.4.1 Selecting All Data">
Section 5.3.4.1, “Selecting All Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-warnings.html" title="15.7.7.42 SHOW WARNINGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.42, “SHOW WARNINGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="enum.html" title="13.3.5 The ENUM Type">
Section 13.3.5, “The ENUM Type”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-storage-engine.html" title="18.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine">
Section 18.3, “The MEMORY Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="scalar-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.1 The Subquery as Scalar Operand">
Section 15.2.15.1, “The Subquery as Scalar Operand”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="problems-connecting.html" title="8.2.22 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL">
Section 8.2.22, “Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="user-variables.html" title="11.4 User-Defined Variables">
Section 11.4, “User-Defined Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="triggers.html" title="27.3 Using Triggers">
Section 27.3, “Using Triggers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="temporary-files.html" title="B.3.3.5 Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files">
Section B.3.3.5, “Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="windows-restrictions.html" title="2.3.6 Windows Platform Restrictions">
Section 2.3.6, “Windows Platform Restrictions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOAD DATA ... IGNORE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-check-constraints.html" title="15.1.20.6 CHECK Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.6, “CHECK Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOAD DATA ... REPLACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replace.html" title="15.2.12 REPLACE Statement">
Section 15.2.12, “REPLACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOAD DATA LOCAL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
Section 15.2.9, “LOAD DATA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-command-options.html" title="6.5.1.1 mysql Client Options">
Section 6.5.1.1, “mysql Client Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="source-configuration-options.html" title="2.8.7 MySQL Source-Configuration Options">
Section 2.8.7, “MySQL Source-Configuration Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data-local-security.html" title="8.1.6 Security Considerations for LOAD DATA LOCAL">
Section 8.1.6, “Security Considerations for LOAD DATA LOCAL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data-local-security.html" title="8.1.6 Security Considerations for LOAD DATA LOCAL">
Section 8.1.6, “Security Considerations for LOAD DATA LOCAL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOAD INDEX
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="cache-index.html" title="15.7.8.2 CACHE INDEX Statement">
Section 15.7.8.2, “CACHE INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-preloading.html" title="10.10.2.4 Index Preloading">
Section 10.10.2.4, “Index Preloading”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-index.html" title="15.7.8.5 LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE Statement">
Section 15.7.8.5, “LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE ... IGNORE LEAVES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-index.html" title="15.7.8.5 LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE Statement">
Section 15.7.8.5, “LOAD INDEX INTO CACHE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOAD XML
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-check-constraints.html" title="15.1.20.6 CHECK Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.6, “CHECK Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-xml.html" title="15.2.10 LOAD XML Statement">
Section 15.2.10, “LOAD XML Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-overview.html" title="26.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQL">
Section 26.1, “Overview of Partitioning in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-selection.html" title="26.5 Partition Selection">
Section 26.5, “Partition Selection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOAD XML ... IGNORE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-check-constraints.html" title="15.1.20.6 CHECK Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.6, “CHECK Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOAD XML LOCAL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-xml.html" title="15.2.10 LOAD XML Statement">
Section 15.2.10, “LOAD XML Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-instance-for-backup.html" title="15.3.5 LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements">
Section 15.3.5, “LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="purge-binary-logs.html" title="15.4.1.1 PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement">
Section 15.4.1.1, “PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOCK TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="concurrent-inserts.html" title="10.11.3 Concurrent Inserts">
Section 10.11.3, “Concurrent Inserts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-problems.html" title="B.3.6.1 Problems with ALTER TABLE">
Section B.3.6.1, “Problems with ALTER TABLE”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOCK TABLES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-tablespace.html" title="15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.10, “ALTER TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-best-practices.html" title="17.1.2 Best Practices for InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.1.2, “Best Practices for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-myisam-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables">
Section 10.6.2, “Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-database.html" title="15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.12, “CREATE DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-like.html" title="15.1.20.3 CREATE TABLE ... LIKE Statement">
Section 15.1.20.3, “CREATE TABLE ... LIKE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-trigger.html" title="15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.1.22, “CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlock-detection.html" title="17.7.5.2 Deadlock Detection">
Section 17.7.5.2, “Deadlock Detection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks.html" title="17.7.5 Deadlocks in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.5, “Deadlocks in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.3 General Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.3, “General Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks-handling.html" title="17.7.5.3 How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks">
Section 17.7.5.3, “How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-locking.html" title="10.11.1 Internal Locking Methods">
Section 10.11.1, “Internal Locking Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-multiple-nodes.html" title="25.2.7.10 Limitations Relating to Multiple NDB Cluster Nodes">
Section 25.2.7.10, “Limitations Relating to Multiple NDB Cluster Nodes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="metadata-locking.html" title="10.11.4 Metadata Locking">
Section 10.11.4, “Metadata Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-table-close.html" title="18.2.4.2 Problems from Tables Not Being Closed Properly">
Section 18.2.4.2, “Problems from Tables Not Being Closed Properly”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rename-table.html" title="15.1.36 RENAME TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.36, “RENAME TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
Section 15.3.1, “START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table-locking.html" title="10.11.2 Table Locking Issues">
Section 10.11.2, “Table Locking Issues”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOCK TABLES ... READ
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="metadata-locking.html" title="10.11.4 Metadata Locking">
Section 10.11.4, “Metadata Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOCK TABLES ... WRITE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking.html" title="17.7.1 InnoDB Locking">
Section 17.7.1, “InnoDB Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOCK TABLES READ
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOCK TABLES WRITE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
LOOP
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flow-control-statements.html" title="15.6.5 Flow Control Statements">
Section 15.6.5, “Flow Control Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="iterate.html" title="15.6.5.3 ITERATE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.3, “ITERATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="leave.html" title="15.6.5.4 LEAVE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.4, “LEAVE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="loop.html" title="15.6.5.5 LOOP Statement">
Section 15.6.5.5, “LOOP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-labels.html" title="15.6.2 Statement Labels">
Section 15.6.2, “Statement Labels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-O">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
O
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
OPTIMIZE LOCAL TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
OPTIMIZE NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
OPTIMIZE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
OPTIMIZE TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-basics.html" title="25.6.7.2 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Basic procedure">
Section 25.6.7.2, “Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Basic procedure”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-example.html" title="25.6.7.3 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example">
Section 25.6.7.3, “Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: Detailed Example”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="debugging-server.html" title="7.9.1 Debugging a MySQL Server">
Section 7.9.1, “Debugging a MySQL Server”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="delete.html" title="15.2.2 DELETE Statement">
Section 15.2.2, “DELETE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="dynamic-format.html" title="18.2.3.2 Dynamic Table Characteristics">
Section 18.2.3.2, “Dynamic Table Characteristics”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-fine-tuning.html" title="14.9.6 Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search">
Section 14.9.6, “Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="full-disk.html" title="B.3.3.4 How MySQL Handles a Full Disk">
Section B.3.3.4, “How MySQL Handles a Full Disk”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-import.html" title="17.6.1.3 Importing InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.3, “Importing InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-information-schema-fulltext_index-tables.html" title="17.15.4 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA FULLTEXT Index Tables">
Section 17.15.4, “InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA FULLTEXT Index Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-page-compression.html" title="17.9.2 InnoDB Page Compression">
Section 17.9.2, “InnoDB Page Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-row-format.html" title="17.10 InnoDB Row Formats">
Section 17.10, “InnoDB Row Formats”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kill.html" title="15.7.8.4 KILL Statement">
Section 15.7.8.4, “KILL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-limits.html" title="25.2.7.2 Limits and Differences of NDB Cluster from Standard MySQL Limits">
Section 25.2.7.2, “Limits and Differences of NDB Cluster from Standard MySQL Limits”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-instance-for-backup.html" title="15.3.5 LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements">
Section 15.3.5, “LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-table-maintenance.html" title="9.6 MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery">
Section 9.6, “MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-optimization.html" title="9.6.4 MyISAM Table Optimization">
Section 9.6.4, “MyISAM Table Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisamchk-general-options.html" title="6.6.4.1 myisamchk General Options">
Section 6.6.4.1, “myisamchk General Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-program-options-mysqld" title="25.4.3.9.1 MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster">
Section 25.4.3.9.1, “MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlcheck.html" title="6.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program">
Section 6.5.3, “mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-storage-requirements.html" title="25.6.11.2 NDB Cluster Disk Data Storage Requirements">
Section 25.6.11.2, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Storage Requirements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-limitations.html" title="17.12.8 Online DDL Limitations">
Section 17.12.8, “Online DDL Limitations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-operations.html" title="25.6.12 Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.12, “Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.4, “OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-queries-myisam.html" title="10.6.1 Optimizing MyISAM Queries">
Section 10.6.1, “Optimizing MyISAM Queries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="update-optimization.html" title="10.2.5.2 Optimizing UPDATE Statements">
Section 10.2.5.2, “Optimizing UPDATE Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="miscellaneous-optimization-tips.html" title="10.2.7 Other Optimization Tips">
Section 10.2.7, “Other Optimization Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-flush.html" title="19.5.1.13 Replication and FLUSH">
Section 19.5.1.13, “Replication and FLUSH”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-maintenance-schedule.html" title="9.6.5 Setting Up a MyISAM Table Maintenance Schedule">
Section 9.6.5, “Setting Up a MyISAM Table Maintenance Schedule”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="static-format.html" title="18.2.3.1 Static (Fixed-Length) Table Characteristics">
Section 18.2.3.1, “Static (Fixed-Length) Table Characteristics”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
Section 18.5, “The ARCHIVE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-ft-being-deleted-table.html" title="28.4.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED Table">
Section 28.4.14, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-ft-config-table.html" title="28.4.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_CONFIG Table">
Section 28.4.15, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_CONFIG Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-ft-deleted-table.html" title="28.4.17 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DELETED Table">
Section 28.4.17, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DELETED Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-ft-index-cache-table.html" title="28.4.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE Table">
Section 28.4.18, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-ft-index-table-table.html" title="28.4.19 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE Table">
Section 28.4.19, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tables-table.html" title="28.4.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table">
Section 28.4.23, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-memory-per-fragment.html" title="25.6.17.47 The ndbinfo memory_per_fragment Table">
Section 25.6.17.47, “The ndbinfo memory_per_fragment Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-shutdown.html" title="7.1.19 The Server Shutdown Process">
Section 7.1.19, “The Server Shutdown Process”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="slow-query-log.html" title="7.4.5 The Slow Query Log">
Section 7.4.5, “The Slow Query Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="symbolic-links-to-tables.html" title="10.12.2.2 Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix">
Section 10.12.2.2, “Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ORDER BY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-benefits.html" title="17.1.1 Benefits of Using InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.1.1, “Benefits of Using InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-P">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
P
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
PARTITION BY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
PREPARE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-caching.html" title="10.10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs">
Section 10.10.3, “Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="call.html" title="15.2.1 CALL Statement">
Section 15.2.1, “CALL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="deallocate-prepare.html" title="15.5.3 DEALLOCATE PREPARE Statement">
Section 15.5.3, “DEALLOCATE PREPARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="execute.html" title="15.5.2 EXECUTE Statement">
Section 15.5.2, “EXECUTE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="identifier-case-sensitivity.html" title="11.2.3 Identifier Case Sensitivity">
Section 11.2.3, “Identifier Case Sensitivity”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="metadata-locking.html" title="10.11.4 Metadata Locking">
Section 10.11.4, “Metadata Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="prepare.html" title="15.5.1 PREPARE Statement">
Section 15.5.1, “PREPARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-prepared-statements.html" title="15.5 Prepared Statements">
Section 15.5, “Prepared Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="query-attributes.html" title="11.6 Query Attributes">
Section 11.6, “Query Attributes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-prepared-statements-instances-table.html" title="29.12.6.4 The prepared_statements_instances Table">
Section 29.12.6.4, “The prepared_statements_instances Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
PURGE BINARY LOGS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-binary-log.html" title="19.1.6.4 Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.4, “Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-policy.html" title="9.3.1 Establishing a Backup Policy">
Section 9.3.1, “Establishing a Backup Policy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-instance-for-backup.html" title="15.3.5 LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements">
Section 15.3.5, “LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="purge-binary-logs.html" title="15.4.1.1 PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement">
Section 15.4.1.1, “PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-binary-logs-and-gtids.html" title="15.4.1.2 RESET BINARY LOGS AND GTIDS Statement">
Section 15.4.1.2, “RESET BINARY LOGS AND GTIDS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-file-maintenance.html" title="7.4.6 Server Log Maintenance">
Section 7.4.6, “Server Log Maintenance”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-failover.html" title="19.1.3.5 Using GTIDs for Failover and Scaleout">
Section 19.1.3.5, “Using GTIDs for Failover and Scaleout”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-R">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
R
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
REBUILD PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RELEASE SAVEPOINT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="savepoint.html" title="15.3.4 SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements">
Section 15.3.4, “SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
REMOVE PARTITIONING
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RENAME TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="analyze-table.html" title="15.7.3.1 ANALYZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.1, “ANALYZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="delete.html" title="15.2.2 DELETE Statement">
Section 15.2.2, “DELETE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="metadata-locking.html" title="10.11.4 Metadata Locking">
Section 10.11.4, “Metadata Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-migration.html" title="17.6.1.4 Moving or Copying InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.4, “Moving or Copying InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrade-prerequisites.html" title="3.6 Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade">
Section 3.6, “Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rename-table.html" title="15.1.36 RENAME TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.36, “RENAME TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="symbolic-links-to-tables.html" title="10.12.2.2 Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix">
Section 10.12.2.2, “Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RENAME USER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="caching-sha2-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.2 Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.2, “Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rename-user.html" title="15.7.1.7 RENAME USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.7, “RENAME USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects-security.html" title="27.6 Stored Object Access Control">
Section 27.6, “Stored Object Access Control”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-privileges.html" title="27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.4.6, “The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrading-what-is-upgraded.html" title="3.4 What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades">
Section 3.4, “What the MySQL Upgrade Process Upgrades”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privilege-changes.html" title="8.2.13 When Privilege Changes Take Effect">
Section 8.2.13, “When Privilege Changes Take Effect”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
REORGANIZE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
REPAIR PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
REPAIR TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
Section 15.1.9.1, “ALTER TABLE Partition Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="check-table.html" title="15.7.3.2 CHECK TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.2, “CHECK TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="corrupted-myisam-tables.html" title="18.2.4.1 Corrupted MyISAM Tables">
Section 18.2.4.1, “Corrupted MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-methods.html" title="9.2 Database Backup Methods">
Section 9.2, “Database Backup Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-exchange.html" title="26.3.3 Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables">
Section 26.3.3, “Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="external-locking.html" title="10.11.5 External Locking">
Section 10.11.5, “External Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-fine-tuning.html" title="14.9.6 Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search">
Section 14.9.6, “Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="full-disk.html" title="B.3.3.4 How MySQL Handles a Full Disk">
Section B.3.3.4, “How MySQL Handles a Full Disk”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-repair.html" title="9.6.3 How to Repair MyISAM Tables">
Section 9.6.3, “How to Repair MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bug-reports.html" title="1.6 How to Report Bugs or Problems">
Section 1.6, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="import-table.html" title="15.2.6 IMPORT TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.6, “IMPORT TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kill.html" title="15.7.8.4 KILL Statement">
Section 15.7.8.4, “KILL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
Section 15.2.9, “LOAD DATA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-instance-for-backup.html" title="15.3.5 LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements">
Section 15.3.5, “LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-start.html" title="18.2.1 MyISAM Startup Options">
Section 18.2.1, “MyISAM Startup Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-table-maintenance.html" title="9.6 MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery">
Section 9.6, “MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisamchk-general-options.html" title="6.6.4.1 myisamchk General Options">
Section 6.6.4.1, “myisamchk General Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisamchk.html" title="6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility">
Section 6.6.4, “myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlcheck.html" title="6.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program">
Section 6.5.3, “mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="repair-table-optimization.html" title="10.6.3 Optimizing REPAIR TABLE Statements">
Section 10.6.3, “Optimizing REPAIR TABLE Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-table-close.html" title="18.2.4.2 Problems from Tables Not Being Closed Properly">
Section 18.2.4.2, “Problems from Tables Not Being Closed Properly”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-problems.html" title="B.3.6.1 Problems with ALTER TABLE">
Section B.3.6.1, “Problems with ALTER TABLE”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rebuilding-tables.html" title="3.14 Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes">
Section 3.14, “Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="repair-table.html" title="15.7.3.5 REPAIR TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.5, “REPAIR TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="se-csv-repair.html" title="18.4.1 Repairing and Checking CSV Tables">
Section 18.4.1, “Repairing and Checking CSV Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-flush.html" title="19.5.1.13 Replication and FLUSH">
Section 19.5.1.13, “Replication and FLUSH”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-repair-table.html" title="19.5.1.25 Replication and REPAIR TABLE">
Section 19.5.1.25, “Replication and REPAIR TABLE”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-maintenance-schedule.html" title="9.6.5 Setting Up a MyISAM Table Maintenance Schedule">
Section 9.6.5, “Setting Up a MyISAM Table Maintenance Schedule”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
Section 18.5, “The ARCHIVE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-shutdown.html" title="7.1.19 The Server Shutdown Process">
Section 7.1.19, “The Server Shutdown Process”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="slow-query-log.html" title="7.4.5 The Slow Query Log">
Section 7.4.5, “The Slow Query Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="symbolic-links-to-tables.html" title="10.12.2.2 Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix">
Section 10.12.2.2, “Using Symbolic Links for MyISAM Tables on Unix”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
REPEAT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-handler.html" title="15.6.7.2 DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.6.7.2, “DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-defining.html" title="27.1 Defining Stored Programs">
Section 27.1, “Defining Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flow-control-statements.html" title="15.6.5 Flow Control Statements">
Section 15.6.5, “Flow Control Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="iterate.html" title="15.6.5.3 ITERATE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.3, “ITERATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="leave.html" title="15.6.5.4 LEAVE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.4, “LEAVE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="repeat.html" title="15.6.5.6 REPEAT Statement">
Section 15.6.5.6, “REPEAT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-labels.html" title="15.6.2 Statement Labels">
Section 15.6.2, “Statement Labels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
REPLACE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-sbr-rbr.html" title="19.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication">
Section 19.2.1.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based
Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html" title="17.6.1.6 AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.6, “AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-check-constraints.html" title="15.1.20.6 CHECK Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.6, “CHECK Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-generated-columns.html" title="15.1.20.8 CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.8, “CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-trigger.html" title="15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.1.22, “CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-type-defaults.html" title="13.6 Data Type Default Values">
Section 13.6, “Data Type Default Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-extended.html" title="10.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.3, “Extended EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="known-issues.html" title="B.3.7 Known Issues in MySQL">
Section B.3.7, “Known Issues in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="gone-away.html" title="B.3.2.7 MySQL server has gone away">
Section B.3.2.7, “MySQL server has gone away”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-for-connection.html" title="10.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection">
Section 10.8.4, “Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-explain.html" title="10.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN">
Section 10.8.1, “Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-overview.html" title="26.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQL">
Section 26.1, “Overview of Partitioning in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-selection.html" title="26.5 Partition Selection">
Section 26.5, “Partition Selection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="validate-password-options-variables.html" title="8.4.3.2 Password Validation Options and Variables">
Section 8.4.3.2, “Password Validation Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replace.html" title="15.2.12 REPLACE Statement">
Section 15.2.12, “REPLACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table.html" title="15.2.16 TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.16, “TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
Section 18.5, “The ARCHIVE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="features.html" title="1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQL">
Section 1.2.2, “The Main Features of MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-operations-per-fragment.html" title="25.6.17.49 The ndbinfo operations_per_fragment Table">
Section 25.6.17.49, “The ndbinfo operations_per_fragment Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin.html" title="7.6.4 The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4, “The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.17, “UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin-usage.html" title="7.6.4.2 Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4.2, “Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="values.html" title="15.2.19 VALUES Statement">
Section 15.2.19, “VALUES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filter-definitions.html" title="8.4.5.8 Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions">
Section 8.4.5.8, “Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
REPLACE ... SELECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html" title="17.6.1.6 AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.6, “AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="known-issues.html" title="B.3.7 Known Issues in MySQL">
Section B.3.7, “Known Issues in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
REPLACE INTO ... SELECT *
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RESET
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-persist.html" title="15.7.8.7 RESET PERSIST Statement">
Section 15.7.8.7, “RESET PERSIST Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset.html" title="15.7.8.6 RESET Statement">
Section 15.7.8.6, “RESET Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RESET BINARY LOGS AND GTIDS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-gtids.html" title="19.1.6.5 Global Transaction ID System Variables">
Section 19.1.6.5, “Global Transaction ID System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-concepts.html" title="19.1.3.1 GTID Format and Storage">
Section 19.1.3.1, “GTID Format and Storage”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-lifecycle.html" title="19.1.3.2 GTID Life Cycle">
Section 19.1.3.2, “GTID Life Cycle”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-issues.html" title="25.7.3 Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.3, “Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-provision-replica.html" title="19.1.5.2 Provisioning a Multi-Source Replica for GTID-Based Replication">
Section 19.1.5.2, “Provisioning a Multi-Source Replica for GTID-Based Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-replica.html" title="15.4.2.3 RESET REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.3, “RESET REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset.html" title="15.7.8.6 RESET Statement">
Section 15.7.8.6, “RESET Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-reset-replica.html" title="19.1.5.7 Resetting Multi-Source Replicas">
Section 19.1.5.7, “Resetting Multi-Source Replicas”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.35, “SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-switch.html" title="19.4.8 Switching Sources During Failover">
Section 19.4.8, “Switching Sources During Failover”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-status-by-coordinator-table.html" title="29.12.11.6 The replication_applier_status_by_coordinator Table">
Section 29.12.11.6, “The replication_applier_status_by_coordinator Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-status-by-worker-table.html" title="29.12.11.7 The replication_applier_status_by_worker Table">
Section 29.12.11.7, “The replication_applier_status_by_worker Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-connection-status-table.html" title="29.12.11.13 The replication_connection_status Table">
Section 29.12.11.13, “The replication_connection_status Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RESET PERSIST
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-configuring-consistency-guarantees.html" title="20.5.3.2 Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees">
Section 20.5.3.2, “Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-log-configuration.html" title="7.4.2.1 Error Log Configuration">
Section 7.4.2.1, “Error Log Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ldap-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.7 LDAP Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.7, “LDAP Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="persisted-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9.3 Persisted System Variables">
Section 7.1.9.3, “Persisted System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-persist.html" title="15.7.8.7 RESET PERSIST Statement">
Section 15.7.8.7, “RESET PERSIST Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset.html" title="15.7.8.6 RESET Statement">
Section 15.7.8.6, “RESET Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
Section 15.7.6.1, “SET Syntax for Variable Assignment”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-variable-privileges.html" title="7.1.9.1 System Variable Privileges">
Section 7.1.9.1, “System Variable Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RESET PERSIST var_name
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="plugin-loading.html" title="7.6.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins">
Section 7.6.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Plugins”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RESET REPLICA
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-commands-single-channel.html" title="19.2.2.1 Commands for Operations on a Single Channel">
Section 19.2.2.1, “Commands for Operations on a Single Channel”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-with-prev-replication.html" title="19.2.2.2 Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements">
Section 19.2.2.2, “Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-delayed.html" title="19.4.11 Delayed Replication">
Section 19.4.11, “Delayed Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-lifecycle.html" title="19.1.3.2 GTID Life Cycle">
Section 19.1.3.2, “GTID Life Cycle”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-issues.html" title="25.7.3 Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.3, “Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options.html" title="19.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6, “Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-transaction-inconsistencies.html" title="19.5.1.34 Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies">
Section 19.5.1.34, “Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-assign-anon.html" title="19.1.3.6 Replication From a Source Without GTIDs to a Replica With GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.6, “Replication From a Source Without GTIDs to a Replica With GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replica-logs-status.html" title="19.2.4.2 Replication Metadata Repositories">
Section 19.2.4.2, “Replication Metadata Repositories”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-binary-logs-and-gtids.html" title="15.4.1.2 RESET BINARY LOGS AND GTIDS Statement">
Section 15.4.1.2, “RESET BINARY LOGS AND GTIDS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-replica.html" title="15.4.2.3 RESET REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.3, “RESET REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset.html" title="15.7.8.6 RESET Statement">
Section 15.7.8.6, “RESET Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-reset-replica.html" title="19.1.5.7 Resetting Multi-Source Replicas">
Section 19.1.5.7, “Resetting Multi-Source Replicas”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.35, “SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-status-by-coordinator-table.html" title="29.12.11.6 The replication_applier_status_by_coordinator Table">
Section 29.12.11.6, “The replication_applier_status_by_coordinator Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-status-by-worker-table.html" title="29.12.11.7 The replication_applier_status_by_worker Table">
Section 29.12.11.7, “The replication_applier_status_by_worker Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-connection-status-table.html" title="29.12.11.13 The replication_connection_status Table">
Section 29.12.11.13, “The replication_connection_status Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RESET REPLICA ALL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-filter.html" title="15.4.2.1 CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement">
Section 15.4.2.1, “CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
Section 15.4.2.2, “CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules-channel-based-filters.html" title="19.2.5.4 Replication Channel Based Filters">
Section 19.2.5.4, “Replication Channel Based Filters”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-assign-anon.html" title="19.1.3.6 Replication From a Source Without GTIDs to a Replica With GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.6, “Replication From a Source Without GTIDs to a Replica With GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-reset-replica.html" title="19.1.5.7 Resetting Multi-Source Replicas">
Section 19.1.5.7, “Resetting Multi-Source Replicas”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RESIGNAL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="condition-handling.html" title="15.6.7 Condition Handling">
Section 15.6.7, “Condition Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="conditions-and-parameters.html" title="15.6.7.8 Condition Handling and OUT or INOUT Parameters">
Section 15.6.7.8, “Condition Handling and OUT or INOUT Parameters”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-condition.html" title="15.6.7.1 DECLARE ... CONDITION Statement">
Section 15.6.7.1, “DECLARE ... CONDITION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-handler.html" title="15.6.7.2 DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.6.7.2, “DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="get-diagnostics.html" title="15.6.7.3 GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement">
Section 15.6.7.3, “GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="resignal.html" title="15.6.7.4 RESIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.4, “RESIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="condition-handling-restrictions.html" title="15.6.8 Restrictions on Condition Handling">
Section 15.6.8, “Restrictions on Condition Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="handler-scope.html" title="15.6.7.6 Scope Rules for Handlers">
Section 15.6.7.6, “Scope Rules for Handlers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="signal.html" title="15.6.7.5 SIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.5, “SIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="diagnostics-area.html" title="15.6.7.7 The MySQL Diagnostics Area">
Section 15.6.7.7, “The MySQL Diagnostics Area”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RESTART
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-remote.html" title="7.6.7.3 Cloning Remote Data">
Section 7.6.7.3, “Cloning Remote Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="windows-installation.html" title="2.3 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows">
Section 2.3, “Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="persisted-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9.3 Persisted System Variables">
Section 7.1.9.3, “Persisted System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="restart.html" title="15.7.8.8 RESTART Statement">
Section 15.7.8.8, “RESTART Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
RETURN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-caching.html" title="10.10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs">
Section 10.10.3, “Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flow-control-statements.html" title="15.6.5 Flow Control Statements">
Section 15.6.5, “Flow Control Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="loop.html" title="15.6.5.5 LOOP Statement">
Section 15.6.5.5, “LOOP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="return.html" title="15.6.5.7 RETURN Statement">
Section 15.6.5.7, “RETURN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="signal.html" title="15.6.7.5 SIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.5, “SIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="diagnostics-area.html" title="15.6.7.7 The MySQL Diagnostics Area">
Section 15.6.7.7, “The MySQL Diagnostics Area”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
REVOKE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="access-control.html" title="8.2 Access Control and Account Management">
Section 8.2, “Access Control and Account Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="user-names.html" title="8.2.1 Account User Names and Passwords">
Section 8.2.1, “Account User Names and Passwords”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html" title="8.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts">
Section 8.2.8, “Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-sbr-rbr.html" title="19.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication">
Section 19.2.1.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based
Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-read-only-instance.html" title="17.8.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation">
Section 17.8.2, “Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-use.html" title="10.12.3.1 How MySQL Uses Memory">
Section 10.12.3.1, “How MySQL Uses Memory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ipv6-support.html" title="7.1.13 IPv6 Support">
Section 7.1.13, “IPv6 Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-replication.html" title="A.14 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication">
Section A.14, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="differences-from-ansi.html" title="1.7.2 MySQL Differences from Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.2, “MySQL Differences from Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-security-mysql-privileges.html" title="25.6.21.2 NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges">
Section 25.6.21.2, “NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partial-revokes.html" title="8.2.12 Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes">
Section 8.2.12, “Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-privilege-synchronization.html" title="25.6.13 Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER">
Section 25.6.13, “Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="proxy-users.html" title="8.2.19 Proxy Users">
Section 8.2.19, “Proxy Users”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-mysqldb.html" title="19.5.1.22 Replication of the mysql System Schema">
Section 19.5.1.22, “Replication of the mysql System Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="revoke.html" title="15.7.1.8 REVOKE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.8, “REVOKE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="security-guidelines.html" title="8.1.1 Security Guidelines">
Section 8.1.1, “Security Guidelines”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-variable-privileges.html" title="7.1.9.1 System Variable Privileges">
Section 7.1.9.1, “System Variable Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-privileges.html" title="27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.4.6, “The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privilege-changes.html" title="8.2.13 When Privilege Changes Take Effect">
Section 8.2.13, “When Privilege Changes Take Effect”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ROLLBACK
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-autocommit-commit-rollback.html" title="17.7.2.2 autocommit, Commit, and Rollback">
Section 17.7.2.2, “autocommit, Commit, and Rollback”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="converting-tables-to-innodb.html" title="17.6.1.5 Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.5, “Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ibd2sdi.html" title="6.6.1 ibd2sdi — InnoDB Tablespace SDI Extraction Utility">
Section 6.6.1, “ibd2sdi — InnoDB Tablespace SDI Extraction Utility”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-acid.html" title="17.2 InnoDB and the ACID Model">
Section 17.2, “InnoDB and the ACID Model”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-error-handling.html" title="17.20.5 InnoDB Error Handling">
Section 17.20.5, “InnoDB Error Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-transactions.html" title="19.5.1.35 Replication and Transactions">
Section 19.5.1.35, “Replication and Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="nontransactional-tables.html" title="B.3.4.5 Rollback Failure for Nontransactional Tables">
Section B.3.4.5, “Rollback Failure for Nontransactional Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="savepoint.html" title="15.3.4 SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements">
Section 15.3.4, “SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
Section 15.3.1, “START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="cannot-roll-back.html" title="15.3.2 Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back">
Section 15.3.2, “Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-transactional-statements.html" title="15.3 Transactional and Locking Statements">
Section 15.3, “Transactional and Locking Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="savepoint.html" title="15.3.4 SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements">
Section 15.3.4, “SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
ROLLBACK to SAVEPOINT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-S">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
S
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SAVEPOINT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="savepoint.html" title="15.3.4 SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements">
Section 15.3.4, “SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="manual-info.html" title="1.1 About This Manual">
Section 1.1, “About This Manual”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="access-control.html" title="8.2 Access Control and Account Management">
Section 8.2, “Access Control and Account Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="aggregate-functions.html" title="14.19.1 Aggregate Function Descriptions">
Section 14.19.1, “Aggregate Function Descriptions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-view.html" title="15.1.11 ALTER VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.11, “ALTER VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="assignment-operators.html" title="14.4.4 Assignment Operators">
Section 14.4.4, “Assignment Operators”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-file-formats.html" title="8.4.5.4 Audit Log File Formats">
Section 8.4.5.4, “Audit Log File Formats”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html" title="17.6.1.6 AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.6, “AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-autocommit-commit-rollback.html" title="17.7.2.2 autocommit, Commit, and Rollback">
Section 17.7.2.2, “autocommit, Commit, and Rollback”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-myisam-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables">
Section 10.6.2, “Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-caching.html" title="10.10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs">
Section 10.10.3, “Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-changing-group-mode.html" title="20.5.1.2 Changing the Group Mode">
Section 20.5.1.2, “Changing the Group Mode”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="secure-client-programming.html" title="8.1.7 Client Programming Security Guidelines">
Section 8.1.7, “Client Programming Security Guidelines”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="comparison-operators.html" title="14.4.2 Comparison Functions and Operators">
Section 14.4.2, “Comparison Functions and Operators”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-btree-hash.html" title="10.3.9 Comparison of B-Tree and Hash Indexes">
Section 10.3.9, “Comparison of B-Tree and Hash Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="concurrent-inserts.html" title="10.11.3 Concurrent Inserts">
Section 10.11.3, “Concurrent Inserts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-configuring-online-group.html" title="20.5.1 Configuring an Online Group">
Section 20.5.1, “Configuring an Online Group”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-configuring-consistency-guarantees.html" title="20.5.3.2 Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees">
Section 20.5.3.2, “Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-connection.html" title="12.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations">
Section 12.4, “Connection Character Sets and Collations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-consistent-read.html" title="17.7.2.3 Consistent Nonlocking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.3, “Consistent Nonlocking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="converting-tables-to-innodb.html" title="17.6.1.5 Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.5, “Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="correlated-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.7 Correlated Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15.7, “Correlated Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.13, “CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-index.html" title="15.1.15 CREATE INDEX Statement">
Section 15.1.15, “CREATE INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-select.html" title="15.1.20.4 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.1.20.4, “CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-generated-columns.html" title="15.1.20.8 CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.8, “CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-temporary-table.html" title="15.1.20.2 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20.2, “CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.23, “CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-create-connection.html" title="18.8.2.1 Creating a FEDERATED Table Using CONNECTION">
Section 18.8.2.1, “Creating a FEDERATED Table Using CONNECTION”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-database.html" title="5.3.1 Creating and Selecting a Database">
Section 5.3.1, “Creating and Selecting a Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-cursor.html" title="15.6.6.2 Cursor DECLARE Statement">
Section 15.6.6.2, “Cursor DECLARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fetch.html" title="15.6.6.3 Cursor FETCH Statement">
Section 15.6.6.3, “Cursor FETCH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="delete.html" title="15.2.2 DELETE Statement">
Section 15.2.2, “DELETE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="derived-tables.html" title="15.2.15.8 Derived Tables">
Section 15.2.15.8, “Derived Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-many-tables.html" title="10.4.3.2 Disadvantages of Creating Many Tables in the Same Database">
Section 10.4.3.2, “Disadvantages of Creating Many Tables in the Same Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="host-cache.html" title="7.1.12.3 DNS Lookups and the Host Cache">
Section 7.1.12.3, “DNS Lookups and the Host Cache”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="do.html" title="15.2.3 DO Statement">
Section 15.2.3, “DO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="entering-queries.html" title="5.2 Entering Queries">
Section 5.2, “Entering Queries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-configuration.html" title="27.4.2 Event Scheduler Configuration">
Section 27.4.2, “Event Scheduler Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-collation-effect.html" title="12.8.6 Examples of the Effect of Collation">
Section 12.8.6, “Examples of the Effect of Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="except.html" title="15.2.4 EXCEPT Clause">
Section 15.2.4, “EXCEPT Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-extended.html" title="10.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.3, “Extended EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-usagenotes.html" title="18.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips">
Section 18.8.3, “FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="forcing-innodb-recovery.html" title="17.20.3 Forcing InnoDB Recovery">
Section 17.20.3, “Forcing InnoDB Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="function-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.20 Function Call Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.20, “Function Call Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="functions.html" title="Chapter 14 Functions and Operators">
Chapter 14,
<i>
Functions and Operators
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="json-search-functions.html" title="14.17.3 Functions That Search JSON Values">
Section 14.17.3, “Functions That Search JSON Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="handler.html" title="15.2.5 HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.2.5, “HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-handling-nulls.html" title="26.2.7 How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL">
Section 26.2.7, “How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks-handling.html" title="17.7.5.3 How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks">
Section 17.7.5.3, “How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bug-reports.html" title="1.6 How to Report Bugs or Problems">
Section 1.6, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-hints.html" title="10.9.4 Index Hints">
Section 10.9.4, “Index Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-on-duplicate.html" title="15.2.7.2 INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.7.2, “INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-select.html" title="15.2.7.1 INSERT ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.7.1, “INSERT ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-locking.html" title="10.11.1 Internal Locking Methods">
Section 10.11.1, “Internal Locking Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-temporary-tables.html" title="10.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL">
Section 10.4.4, “Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-introduction.html" title="28.1 Introduction">
Section 28.1, “Introduction”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="join.html" title="15.2.13.2 JOIN Clause">
Section 15.2.13.2, “JOIN Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keywords.html" title="11.3 Keywords and Reserved Words">
Section 11.3, “Keywords and Reserved Words”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kill.html" title="15.7.8.4 KILL Statement">
Section 15.7.8.4, “KILL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="known-issues.html" title="B.3.7 Known Issues in MySQL">
Section B.3.7, “Known Issues in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lateral-derived-tables.html" title="15.2.15.9 Lateral Derived Tables">
Section 15.2.15.9, “Lateral Derived Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-legacy-filtering.html" title="8.4.5.10 Legacy Mode Audit Log Filtering">
Section 8.4.5.10, “Legacy Mode Audit Log Filtering”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-transactions.html" title="25.2.7.3 Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.3, “Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-xml.html" title="15.2.10 LOAD XML Statement">
Section 15.2.10, “LOAD XML Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="local-variable-scope.html" title="15.6.4.2 Local Variable Scope and Resolution">
Section 15.6.4.2, “Local Variable Scope and Resolution”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking-reads.html" title="17.7.2.4 Locking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.4, “Locking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="security-against-attack.html" title="8.1.3 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers">
Section 8.1.3, “Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-range-list.html" title="26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions">
Section 26.3.1, “Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multiple-column-indexes.html" title="10.3.6 Multiple-Column Indexes">
Section 10.3.6, “Multiple-Column Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-optimization.html" title="9.6.4 MyISAM Table Optimization">
Section 9.6.4, “MyISAM Table Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-cjk.html" title="A.11 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character Sets">
Section A.11, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
Character Sets”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-replication.html" title="A.14 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication">
Section A.14, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-stored-procs.html" title="A.4 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions">
Section A.4, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-command-options.html" title="6.5.1.1 mysql Client Options">
Section 6.5.1.1, “mysql Client Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-tips.html" title="6.5.1.6 mysql Client Tips">
Section 6.5.1.6, “mysql Client Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="enterprise-encryption-usage.html" title="8.6.3 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Usage and Examples">
Section 8.6.3, “MySQL Enterprise Encryption Usage and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="firewall-reference.html" title="8.4.7.4 MySQL Enterprise Firewall Reference">
Section 8.4.7.4, “MySQL Enterprise Firewall Reference”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-by-handling.html" title="14.19.3 MySQL Handling of GROUP BY">
Section 14.19.3, “MySQL Handling of GROUP BY”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema.html" title="Chapter 29 MySQL Performance Schema">
Chapter 29,
<i>
MySQL Performance Schema
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlslap.html" title="6.5.7 mysqlslap — A Load Emulation Client">
Section 6.5.7, “mysqlslap — A Load Emulation Client”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-natural-language.html" title="14.9.1 Natural Language Full-Text Searches">
Section 14.9.1, “Natural Language Full-Text Searches”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html" title="25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects">
Section 25.6.11.1, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-install-example-data.html" title="25.3.5 NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data">
Section 25.3.5, “NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-conflict-resolution.html" title="25.7.12 NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution">
Section 25.7.12, “NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-schema.html" title="25.7.4 NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables">
Section 25.7.4, “NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-status-variables" title="25.4.3.9.3 NDB Cluster Status Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.3, “NDB Cluster Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-select-all.html" title="25.5.25 ndb_select_all — Print Rows from an NDB Table">
Section 25.5.25, “ndb_select_all — Print Rows from an NDB Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo.html" title="25.6.17 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database">
Section 25.6.17, “ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-for-connection.html" title="10.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection">
Section 10.8.4, “Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-info.html" title="26.3.5 Obtaining Information About Partitions">
Section 26.3.5, “Obtaining Information About Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-performance.html" title="17.12.2 Online DDL Performance and Concurrency">
Section 17.12.2, “Online DDL Performance and Concurrency”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimization-indexes.html" title="10.3 Optimization and Indexes">
Section 10.3, “Optimization and Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-issues.html" title="B.3.5 Optimizer-Related Issues">
Section B.3.5, “Optimizer-Related Issues”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="derived-table-optimization.html" title="10.2.2.4 Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions with Merging or Materialization">
Section 10.2.2.4, “Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions
with Merging or Materialization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="semijoins-antijoins.html" title="10.2.2.1 Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin Transformations">
Section 10.2.2.1, “Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin
Transformations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-ro-txn.html" title="10.5.3 Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions">
Section 10.5.3, “Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-innodb-transaction-management.html" title="10.5.2 Optimizing InnoDB Transaction Management">
Section 10.5.2, “Optimizing InnoDB Transaction Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-queries-myisam.html" title="10.6.1 Optimizing MyISAM Queries">
Section 10.6.1, “Optimizing MyISAM Queries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-explain.html" title="10.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN">
Section 10.8.1, “Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-optimization.html" title="10.2.1 Optimizing SELECT Statements">
Section 10.2.1, “Optimizing SELECT Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-optimization-with-exists.html" title="10.2.2.3 Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy">
Section 10.2.2.3, “Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="update-optimization.html" title="10.2.5.2 Optimizing UPDATE Statements">
Section 10.2.5.2, “Optimizing UPDATE Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisamchk-other-options.html" title="6.6.4.4 Other myisamchk Options">
Section 6.6.4.4, “Other myisamchk Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="parenthesized-query-expressions.html" title="15.2.11 Parenthesized Query Expressions">
Section 15.2.11, “Parenthesized Query Expressions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-pruning.html" title="26.4 Partition Pruning">
Section 26.4, “Partition Pruning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-selection.html" title="26.5 Partition Selection">
Section 26.5, “Partition Selection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-instrument-naming.html" title="29.6 Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions">
Section 29.6, “Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-persisted-variables-table.html" title="29.12.14.1 Performance Schema persisted_variables Table">
Section 29.12.14.1, “Performance Schema persisted_variables Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-tables.html" title="29.12.11 Performance Schema Replication Tables">
Section 29.12.11, “Performance Schema Replication Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="persisted-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9.3 Persisted System Variables">
Section 7.1.9.3, “Persisted System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-information-schema-internal-data.html" title="17.15.2.3 Persistence and Consistency of InnoDB Transaction and Locking Information">
Section 17.15.2.3, “Persistence and Consistency of InnoDB Transaction and Locking
Information”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-next-key-locking.html" title="17.7.4 Phantom Rows">
Section 17.7.4, “Phantom Rows”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="prepare.html" title="15.5.1 PREPARE Statement">
Section 15.5.1, “PREPARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-date.html" title="B.3.4.2 Problems Using DATE Columns">
Section B.3.4.2, “Problems Using DATE Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="problems-with-float.html" title="B.3.4.8 Problems with Floating-Point Values">
Section B.3.4.8, “Problems with Floating-Point Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-purge-configuration.html" title="17.8.9 Purge Configuration">
Section 17.8.9, “Purge Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-sql-statements.html" title="25.6.20 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements">
Section 25.6.20, “Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-columns-range.html" title="26.2.3.1 RANGE COLUMNS partitioning">
Section 26.2.3.1, “RANGE COLUMNS partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="range-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.2 Range Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.2, “Range Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replace.html" title="15.2.12 REPLACE Statement">
Section 15.2.12, “REPLACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-implementation.html" title="19.2 Replication Implementation">
Section 19.2, “Replication Implementation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-create-if-not-exists.html" title="19.5.1.6 Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements">
Section 19.5.1.6, “Replication of CREATE ... IF NOT EXISTS Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-source.html" title="19.1.6.2 Replication Source Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.2, “Replication Source Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="retrieving-data.html" title="5.3.4 Retrieving Information from a Table">
Section 5.3.4, “Retrieving Information from a Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="searching-on-two-keys.html" title="5.6.7 Searching on Two Keys">
Section 5.6.7, “Searching on Two Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-secondary-indexes.html" title="15.1.20.9 Secondary Indexes and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.9, “Secondary Indexes and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
Section 15.2.13.1, “SELECT ... INTO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.13, “SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="selecting-all.html" title="5.3.4.1 Selecting All Data">
Section 5.3.4.1, “Selecting All Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="selecting-rows.html" title="5.3.4.2 Selecting Particular Rows">
Section 5.3.4.2, “Selecting Particular Rows”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-operations.html" title="15.2.14 Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT">
Section 15.2.14, “Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
Section 15.7.6.1, “SET Syntax for Variable Assignment”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-binlog-events.html" title="15.7.7.3 SHOW BINLOG EVENTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.3, “SHOW BINLOG EVENTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-view.html" title="15.7.7.14 SHOW CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.7.7.14, “SHOW CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-errors.html" title="15.7.7.18 SHOW ERRORS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.18, “SHOW ERRORS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-parse-tree.html" title="15.7.7.26 SHOW PARSE_TREE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.26, “SHOW PARSE_TREE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-processlist.html" title="15.7.7.31 SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement">
Section 15.7.7.31, “SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-relaylog-events.html" title="15.7.7.34 SHOW RELAYLOG EVENTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.34, “SHOW RELAYLOG EVENTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show.html" title="15.7.7 SHOW Statements">
Section 15.7.7, “SHOW Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-variables.html" title="15.7.7.41 SHOW VARIABLES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.41, “SHOW VARIABLES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-warnings.html" title="15.7.7.42 SHOW WARNINGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.42, “SHOW WARNINGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="no-matching-rows.html" title="B.3.4.7 Solving Problems with No Matching Rows">
Section B.3.4.7, “Solving Problems with No Matching Rows”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
Section 15.3.1, “START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-syntax.html" title="27.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax">
Section 27.2.1, “Stored Routine Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="string-literals.html" title="11.1.1 String Literals">
Section 11.1.1, “String Literals”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subqueries.html" title="15.2.15 Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15, “Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="exists-and-not-exists-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.6 Subqueries with EXISTS or NOT EXISTS">
Section 15.2.15.6, “Subqueries with EXISTS or NOT EXISTS”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table-locking.html" title="10.11.2 Table Locking Issues">
Section 10.11.2, “Table Locking Issues”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table.html" title="15.2.16 TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.16, “TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
Section 18.5, “The ARCHIVE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="enum.html" title="13.3.5 The ENUM Type">
Section 13.3.5, “The ENUM Type”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-host-cache-table.html" title="29.12.22.3 The host_cache Table">
Section 29.12.22.3, “The host_cache Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-columns-table.html" title="28.3.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table">
Section 28.3.8, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-events-table.html" title="28.3.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table">
Section 28.3.14, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-trx-table.html" title="28.4.28 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TRX Table">
Section 28.4.28, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TRX Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-processlist-table.html" title="28.3.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table">
Section 28.3.23, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-views-table.html" title="28.3.47 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table">
Section 28.3.47, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="json.html" title="13.5 The JSON Data Type">
Section 13.5, “The JSON Data Type”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="features.html" title="1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQL">
Section 1.2.2, “The Main Features of MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-storage-engine.html" title="18.7 The MERGE Storage Engine">
Section 18.7, “The MERGE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-schema.html" title="7.3 The mysql System Schema">
Section 7.3, “The mysql System Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-nodes.html" title="25.6.17.48 The ndbinfo nodes Table">
Section 25.6.17.48, “The ndbinfo nodes Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-processlist-table.html" title="29.12.22.7 The processlist Table">
Section 29.12.22.7, “The processlist Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin.html" title="7.6.4 The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4, “The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="scalar-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.1 The Subquery as Scalar Operand">
Section 15.2.15.1, “The Subquery as Scalar Operand”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-threads-table.html" title="29.12.22.8 The threads Table">
Section 29.12.22.8, “The threads Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-tp-connections-table.html" title="29.12.16.1 The tp_connections Table">
Section 29.12.16.1, “The tp_connections Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html" title="17.7.2.1 Transaction Isolation Levels">
Section 17.7.2.1, “Transaction Isolation Levels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="tuning-trace-purging.html" title="10.15.4 Tuning Trace Purging">
Section 10.15.4, “Tuning Trace Purging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="type-conversion.html" title="14.3 Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation">
Section 14.3, “Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.17, “UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="user-variables.html" title="11.4 User-Defined Variables">
Section 11.4, “User-Defined Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-information-schema-examples.html" title="17.15.2.1 Using InnoDB Transaction and Locking Information">
Section 17.15.2.1, “Using InnoDB Transaction and Locking Information”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="command-line-options.html" title="6.2.2.1 Using Options on the Command Line">
Section 6.2.2.1, “Using Options on the Command Line”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-log-files.html" title="7.9.1.6 Using Server Logs to Find Causes of Errors in mysqld">
Section 7.9.1.6, “Using Server Logs to Find Causes of Errors in mysqld”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-spatial-indexes.html" title="13.4.11 Using Spatial Indexes">
Section 13.4.11, “Using Spatial Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin-usage.html" title="7.6.4.2 Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4.2, “Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-metadata.html" title="12.2.2 UTF-8 for Metadata">
Section 12.2.2, “UTF-8 for Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="values.html" title="15.2.19 VALUES Statement">
Section 15.2.19, “VALUES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="version-tokens-reference.html" title="7.6.6.4 Version Tokens Reference">
Section 7.6.6.4, “Version Tokens Reference”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-syntax.html" title="27.5.1 View Syntax">
Section 27.5.1, “View Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="where-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.1 WHERE Clause Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.1, “WHERE Clause Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="temporary-files.html" title="B.3.3.5 Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files">
Section B.3.3.5, “Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="window-function-restrictions.html" title="14.20.5 Window Function Restrictions">
Section 14.20.5, “Window Function Restrictions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="with.html" title="15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)">
Section 15.2.20, “WITH (Common Table Expressions)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filter-definitions.html" title="8.4.5.8 Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions">
Section 8.4.5.8, “Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT *
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-gipks.html" title="15.1.20.11 Generated Invisible Primary Keys">
Section 15.1.20.11, “Generated Invisible Primary Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table.html" title="15.2.16 TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.16, “TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
Section 13.3.4, “The BLOB and TEXT Types”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT * FROM t PARTITION ()
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-overview.html" title="26.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQL">
Section 26.1, “Overview of Partitioning in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT * INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' FROM tbl_name
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-methods.html" title="9.2 Database Backup Methods">
Section 9.2, “Database Backup Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT ... FOR SHARE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-sbr-rbr.html" title="19.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication">
Section 19.2.1.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based
Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks-handling.html" title="17.7.5.3 How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks">
Section 17.7.5.3, “How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking.html" title="17.7.1 InnoDB Locking">
Section 17.7.1, “InnoDB Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking-reads.html" title="17.7.2.4 Locking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.4, “Locking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html" title="17.7.2.1 Transaction Isolation Levels">
Section 17.7.2.1, “Transaction Isolation Levels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT ... FOR UPDATE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-sbr-rbr.html" title="19.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication">
Section 19.2.1.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based
Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-best-practices.html" title="17.1.2 Best Practices for InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.1.2, “Best Practices for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks.html" title="17.7.5 Deadlocks in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.5, “Deadlocks in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks-handling.html" title="17.7.5.3 How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks">
Section 17.7.5.3, “How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking.html" title="17.7.1 InnoDB Locking">
Section 17.7.1, “InnoDB Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking-reads.html" title="17.7.2.4 Locking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.4, “Locking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT ... FROM
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT ... INTO
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.13, “CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="local-variable-scope.html" title="15.6.4.2 Local Variable Scope and Resolution">
Section 15.6.4.2, “Local Variable Scope and Resolution”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-functions.html" title="19.5.1.14 Replication and System Functions">
Section 19.5.1.14, “Replication and System Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
Section 15.2.13.1, “SELECT ... INTO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ansi-diff-select-into-table.html" title="1.7.2.1 SELECT INTO TABLE Differences">
Section 1.7.2.1, “SELECT INTO TABLE Differences”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.13, “SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT ... INTO DUMPFILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="security-against-attack.html" title="8.1.3 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers">
Section 8.1.3, “Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="manual-info.html" title="1.1 About This Manual">
Section 1.1, “About This Manual”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-types.html" title="9.1 Backup and Recovery Types">
Section 9.1, “Backup and Recovery Types”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump-delimited-text.html" title="9.4.3 Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump">
Section 9.4.3, “Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="forcing-innodb-recovery.html" title="17.20.3 Forcing InnoDB Recovery">
Section 17.20.3, “Forcing InnoDB Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
Section 15.2.9, “LOAD DATA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="security-against-attack.html" title="8.1.3 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers">
Section 8.1.3, “Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="null-values.html" title="11.1.7 NULL Values">
Section 11.1.7, “NULL Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
Section 15.2.13.1, “SELECT ... INTO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ansi-diff-select-into-table.html" title="1.7.2.1 SELECT INTO TABLE Differences">
Section 1.7.2.1, “SELECT INTO TABLE Differences”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="problems-connecting.html" title="8.2.22 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL">
Section 8.2.22, “Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="windows-restrictions.html" title="2.3.6 Windows Platform Restrictions">
Section 2.3.6, “Windows Platform Restrictions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE 'file_name'
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
Section 15.2.13.1, “SELECT ... INTO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT ... INTO var_list
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-variables.html" title="15.6.4 Variables in Stored Programs">
Section 15.6.4, “Variables in Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-transactions.html" title="25.2.7.3 Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.3, “Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT @@ssl_fips_mode
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fips-mode.html" title="8.8 FIPS Support">
Section 8.8, “FIPS Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT DISTINCT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-persistent-stats.html#innodb-persistent-stats-pages-sampled" title="17.8.10.1.3 Configuring the Number of Sampled Pages for InnoDB Optimizer Statistics">
Section 17.8.10.1.3, “Configuring the Number of Sampled Pages for InnoDB Optimizer Statistics”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="semijoins-antijoins.html" title="10.2.2.1 Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin Transformations">
Section 10.2.2.1, “Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin
Transformations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT INTO ... OUTFILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-import.html" title="25.5.13 ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB">
Section 25.5.13, “ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT INTO DUMPFILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT INTO OUTFILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-import.html" title="25.5.13 ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB">
Section 25.5.13, “ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SELECT SLEEP()
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="assignment-operators.html" title="14.4.4 Assignment Operators">
Section 14.4.4, “Assignment Operators”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-reference.html" title="8.4.5.11 Audit Log Reference">
Section 8.4.5.11, “Audit Log Reference”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-binary-log.html" title="19.1.6.4 Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.4, “Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="built-in-function-reference.html" title="14.1 Built-In Function and Operator Reference">
Section 14.1, “Built-In Function and Operator Reference”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-options-variables.html" title="7.6.7.13 Clone System Variables">
Section 7.6.7.13, “Clone System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-concurrent-ddl.html" title="7.6.7.4 Cloning and Concurrent DDL">
Section 7.6.7.4, “Cloning and Concurrent DDL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-connection-security.html" title="20.6.1 Communication Stack for Connection Security Management">
Section 20.6.1, “Communication Stack for Connection Security Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-buffer-pool-resize.html" title="17.8.3.1 Configuring InnoDB Buffer Pool Size">
Section 17.8.3.1, “Configuring InnoDB Buffer Pool Size”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-configuring-io-capacity.html" title="17.8.7 Configuring InnoDB I/O Capacity">
Section 17.8.7, “Configuring InnoDB I/O Capacity”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-statistics-estimation.html" title="17.8.10.2 Configuring Non-Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters">
Section 17.8.10.2, “Configuring Non-Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-configuring-consistency-guarantees.html" title="20.5.3.2 Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees">
Section 20.5.3.2, “Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-connection.html" title="12.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations">
Section 12.4, “Connection Character Sets and Collations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-usage.html" title="17.9.1.2 Creating Compressed Tables">
Section 17.9.1.2, “Creating Compressed Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-schema.html" title="16.1 Data Dictionary Schema">
Section 16.1, “Data Dictionary Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-defining.html" title="27.1 Defining Stored Programs">
Section 27.1, “Defining Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-disabling.html" title="8.4.5.9 Disabling Audit Logging">
Section 8.4.5.9, “Disabling Audit Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-configuration.html" title="27.4.2 Event Scheduler Configuration">
Section 27.4.2, “Event Scheduler Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-buffer-pool-in-core-file.html" title="17.8.3.7 Excluding or Including Buffer Pool Pages from Core Files">
Section 17.8.3.7, “Excluding or Including Buffer Pool Pages from Core Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-file-space.html" title="17.11.2 File Space Management">
Section 17.11.2, “File Space Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="functions.html" title="Chapter 14 Functions and Operators">
Chapter 14,
<i>
Functions and Operators
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-gtids.html" title="19.1.6.5 Global Transaction ID System Variables">
Section 19.1.6.5, “Global Transaction ID System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-importing-data.html" title="25.6.9 Importing Data Into MySQL Cluster">
Section 25.6.9, “Importing Data Into MySQL Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="install-component.html" title="15.7.4.3 INSTALL COMPONENT Statement">
Section 15.7.4.3, “INSTALL COMPONENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-tips.html" title="6.5.1.6 mysql Client Tips">
Section 6.5.1.6, “mysql Client Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="enterprise-encryption-usage.html" title="8.6.3 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Usage and Examples">
Section 8.6.3, “MySQL Enterprise Encryption Usage and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-conflict-resolution.html" title="25.7.12 NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution">
Section 25.7.12, “NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="non-typed-operators.html" title="14.4 Operators">
Section 14.4, “Operators”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="persisted-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9.3 Persisted System Variables">
Section 7.1.9.3, “Persisted System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-source.html" title="19.1.6.2 Replication Source Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.2, “Replication Source Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-replica.html" title="15.4.2.3 RESET REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.3, “RESET REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-statement.html" title="15.7.6 SET Statements">
Section 15.7.6, “SET Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
Section 15.7.6.1, “SET Syntax for Variable Assignment”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-transaction.html" title="15.3.7 SET TRANSACTION Statement">
Section 15.3.7, “SET TRANSACTION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-variables.html" title="15.7.7.41 SHOW VARIABLES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.41, “SHOW VARIABLES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subqueries.html" title="15.2.15 Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15, “Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-variable-privileges.html" title="7.1.9.1 System Variable Privileges">
Section 7.1.9.1, “System Variable Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="diagnostics-area.html" title="15.6.7.7 The MySQL Diagnostics Area">
Section 15.6.7.7, “The MySQL Diagnostics Area”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="slow-query-log.html" title="7.4.5 The Slow Query Log">
Section 7.4.5, “The Slow Query Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="tuning-trace-purging.html" title="10.15.4 Tuning Trace Purging">
Section 10.15.4, “Tuning Trace Purging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-tracing-typical-usage.html" title="10.15.1 Typical Usage">
Section 10.15.1, “Typical Usage”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="user-variables.html" title="11.4 User-Defined Variables">
Section 11.4, “User-Defined Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="command-line-options.html" title="6.2.2.1 Using Options on the Command Line">
Section 6.2.2.1, “Using Options on the Command Line”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="program-variables.html" title="6.2.2.5 Using Options to Set Program Variables">
Section 6.2.2.5, “Using Options to Set Program Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9 Using System Variables">
Section 7.1.9, “Using System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-hashicorp-plugin.html" title="8.4.4.8 Using the HashiCorp Vault Keyring Plugin">
Section 8.4.4.8, “Using the HashiCorp Vault Keyring Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-variables.html" title="15.6.4 Variables in Stored Programs">
Section 15.6.4, “Variables in Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET @@GLOBAL.ndb_conflict_role = 'NONE'
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET @x=2, @y=4, @z=8
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
Section 15.2.13.1, “SELECT ... INTO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET autocommit
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-innodb-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables">
Section 10.5.5, “Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-transactional-statements.html" title="15.3 Transactional and Locking Statements">
Section 15.3, “Transactional and Locking Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET autocommit = 0
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-semisync.html" title="19.4.10 Semisynchronous Replication">
Section 19.4.10, “Semisynchronous Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET CHARACTER SET
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-connection.html" title="12.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations">
Section 12.4, “Connection Character Sets and Collations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-character-set.html" title="15.7.6.2 SET CHARACTER SET Statement">
Section 15.7.6.2, “SET CHARACTER SET Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-statement.html" title="15.7.6 SET Statements">
Section 15.7.6, “SET Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-unicode.html" title="12.9 Unicode Support">
Section 12.9, “Unicode Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET CHARACTER SET 'charset_name'
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-connection.html" title="12.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations">
Section 12.4, “Connection Character Sets and Collations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET CHARACTER SET charset_name
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-connection.html" title="12.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations">
Section 12.4, “Connection Character Sets and Collations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET DEFAULT ROLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-user.html" title="15.7.1.1 ALTER USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.1, “ALTER USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-default-role.html" title="15.7.1.9 SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.9, “SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-role.html" title="15.7.1.11 SET ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.11, “SET ROLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-statement.html" title="15.7.6 SET Statements">
Section 15.7.6, “SET Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET GLOBAL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-change-buffer.html" title="17.5.2 Change Buffer">
Section 17.5.2, “Change Buffer”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-read_ahead.html" title="17.8.3.4 Configuring InnoDB Buffer Pool Prefetching (Read-Ahead)">
Section 17.8.3.4, “Configuring InnoDB Buffer Pool Prefetching (Read-Ahead)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-configuring-io-capacity.html" title="17.8.7 Configuring InnoDB I/O Capacity">
Section 17.8.7, “Configuring InnoDB I/O Capacity”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3.1, “Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-spin_lock_polling.html" title="17.8.8 Configuring Spin Lock Polling">
Section 17.8.8, “Configuring Spin Lock Polling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-file-per-table-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.2 File-Per-Table Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.2, “File-Per-Table Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-semisync-installation.html" title="19.4.10.1 Installing Semisynchronous Replication">
Section 19.4.10.1, “Installing Semisynchronous Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-midpoint_insertion.html" title="17.8.3.3 Making the Buffer Pool Scan Resistant">
Section 17.8.3.3, “Making the Buffer Pool Scan Resistant”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multifactor-authentication.html" title="8.2.18 Multifactor Authentication">
Section 8.2.18, “Multifactor Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multiple-key-caches.html" title="10.10.2.2 Multiple Key Caches">
Section 10.10.2.2, “Multiple Key Caches”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="persisted-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9.3 Persisted System Variables">
Section 7.1.9.3, “Persisted System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-redo-log.html" title="17.6.5 Redo Log">
Section 17.6.5, “Redo Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-log-rule-based-filtering.html" title="7.4.2.6 Rule-Based Error Log Filtering (log_filter_dragnet)">
Section 7.4.2.6, “Rule-Based Error Log Filtering (log_filter_dragnet)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
Section 15.7.6.1, “SET Syntax for Variable Assignment”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-variable-privileges.html" title="7.1.9.1 System Variable Privileges">
Section 7.1.9.1, “System Variable Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-aws-plugin.html" title="8.4.4.7 Using the keyring_aws Amazon Web Services Keyring Plugin">
Section 8.4.4.7, “Using the keyring_aws Amazon Web Services Keyring Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET GLOBAL sql_replica_skip_counter
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html#set-global-replica-sql-skip-counter" title="19.1.7.3.2.1 Skipping Transactions With SET GLOBAL sql_replica_skip_counter">
Section 19.1.7.3.2.1, “Skipping Transactions With
<code class="literal">
SET GLOBAL
sql_replica_skip_counter
</code>
”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET NAMES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-literal.html" title="12.3.6 Character String Literal Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.6, “Character String Literal Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-applications.html" title="12.5 Configuring Application Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.5, “Configuring Application Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-connection.html" title="12.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations">
Section 12.4, “Connection Character Sets and Collations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-errors.html" title="12.6 Error Message Character Set">
Section 12.6, “Error Message Character Set”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
Section 15.2.9, “LOAD DATA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-cjk.html" title="A.11 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character Sets">
Section A.11, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
Character Sets”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-commands.html" title="6.5.1.2 mysql Client Commands">
Section 6.5.1.2, “mysql Client Commands”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="locale-support.html" title="12.16 MySQL Server Locale Support">
Section 12.16, “MySQL Server Locale Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-names.html" title="15.7.6.3 SET NAMES Statement">
Section 15.7.6.3, “SET NAMES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-statement.html" title="15.7.6 SET Statements">
Section 15.7.6, “SET Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-gb18030.html" title="12.10.7.2 The gb18030 Character Set">
Section 12.10.7.2, “The gb18030 Character Set”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="type-conversion.html" title="14.3 Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation">
Section 14.3, “Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-unicode.html" title="12.9 Unicode Support">
Section 12.9, “Unicode Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-metadata.html" title="12.2.2 UTF-8 for Metadata">
Section 12.2.2, “UTF-8 for Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET NAMES 'charset_name'
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-connection.html" title="12.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations">
Section 12.4, “Connection Character Sets and Collations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET NAMES 'cp1251'
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-connection.html" title="12.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations">
Section 12.4, “Connection Character Sets and Collations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET NAMES charset_name
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET NAMES default_character_set
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET PASSWORD
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-management.html" title="8.2.15 Password Management">
Section 8.2.15, “Password Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="validate-password-options-variables.html" title="8.4.3.2 Password Validation Options and Variables">
Section 8.4.3.2, “Password Validation Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-logging.html" title="8.1.2.3 Passwords and Logging">
Section 8.1.2.3, “Passwords and Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-variables.html" title="19.5.1.39 Replication and Variables">
Section 19.5.1.39, “Replication and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-current-user.html" title="19.5.1.8 Replication of CURRENT_USER()">
Section 19.5.1.8, “Replication of CURRENT_USER()”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="resetting-permissions.html#resetting-permissions-generic" title="B.3.3.2.3 Resetting the Root Password: Generic Instructions">
Section B.3.3.2.3, “Resetting the Root Password: Generic Instructions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="expired-password-handling.html" title="8.2.16 Server Handling of Expired Passwords">
Section 8.2.16, “Server Handling of Expired Passwords”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-password.html" title="15.7.1.10 SET PASSWORD Statement">
Section 15.7.1.10, “SET PASSWORD Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-statement.html" title="15.7.6 SET Statements">
Section 15.7.6, “SET Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-names.html" title="8.2.4 Specifying Account Names">
Section 8.2.4, “Specifying Account Names”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="validate-password.html" title="8.4.3 The Password Validation Component">
Section 8.4.3, “The Password Validation Component”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privilege-changes.html" title="8.2.13 When Privilege Changes Take Effect">
Section 8.2.13, “When Privilege Changes Take Effect”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET PERSIST
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3.1, “Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="connection-compression-control.html" title="6.2.8 Connection Compression Control">
Section 6.2.8, “Connection Compression Control”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="connection-control-installation.html" title="8.4.2.1 Connection-Control Plugin Installation">
Section 8.4.2.1, “Connection-Control Plugin Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-log-configuration.html" title="7.4.2.1 Error Log Configuration">
Section 7.4.2.1, “Error Log Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kerberos-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.8 Kerberos Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.8, “Kerberos Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ldap-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.7 LDAP Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.7, “LDAP Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-security.html" title="A.9 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Security">
Section A.9, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Security”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="nonpersistible-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9.4 Nonpersistible and Persist-Restricted System Variables">
Section 7.1.9.4, “Nonpersistible and Persist-Restricted System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-management.html" title="8.2.15 Password Management">
Section 8.2.15, “Password Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-persisted-variables-table.html" title="29.12.14.1 Performance Schema persisted_variables Table">
Section 29.12.14.1, “Performance Schema persisted_variables Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="persisted-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9.3 Persisted System Variables">
Section 7.1.9.3, “Persisted System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partial-revokes.html" title="8.2.12 Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes">
Section 8.2.12, “Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-log-rule-based-filtering.html" title="7.4.2.6 Rule-Based Error Log Filtering (log_filter_dragnet)">
Section 7.4.2.6, “Rule-Based Error Log Filtering (log_filter_dragnet)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
Section 15.7.6.1, “SET Syntax for Variable Assignment”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-variable-privileges.html" title="7.1.9.1 System Variable Privileges">
Section 7.1.9.1, “System Variable Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="firewall-usage.html" title="8.4.7.3 Using MySQL Enterprise Firewall">
Section 8.4.7.3, “Using MySQL Enterprise Firewall”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="option-files.html" title="6.2.2.2 Using Option Files">
Section 6.2.2.2, “Using Option Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET PERSIST_ONLY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="nonpersistible-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9.4 Nonpersistible and Persist-Restricted System Variables">
Section 7.1.9.4, “Nonpersistible and Persist-Restricted System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="persisted-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9.3 Persisted System Variables">
Section 7.1.9.3, “Persisted System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="restart.html" title="15.7.8.8 RESTART Statement">
Section 15.7.8.8, “RESTART Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-variable-privileges.html" title="7.1.9.1 System Variable Privileges">
Section 7.1.9.1, “System Variable Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="option-files.html" title="6.2.2.2 Using Option Files">
Section 6.2.2.2, “Using Option Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET RESOURCE GROUP
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="resource-groups.html" title="7.1.16 Resource Groups">
Section 7.1.16, “Resource Groups”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-resource-group.html" title="15.7.2.4 SET RESOURCE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.7.2.4, “SET RESOURCE GROUP Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET ROLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-role.html" title="15.7.1.11 SET ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.11, “SET ROLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-statement.html" title="15.7.6 SET Statements">
Section 15.7.6, “SET Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-grants.html" title="15.7.7.22 SHOW GRANTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.22, “SHOW GRANTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-objects-security.html" title="27.6 Stored Object Access Control">
Section 27.6, “Stored Object Access Control”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privilege-changes.html" title="8.2.13 When Privilege Changes Take Effect">
Section 8.2.13, “When Privilege Changes Take Effect”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET ROLE DEFAULT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-user.html" title="15.7.1.1 ALTER USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.1, “ALTER USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-user.html" title="15.7.1.3 CREATE USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.3, “CREATE USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-default-role.html" title="15.7.1.9 SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.9, “SET DEFAULT ROLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-role.html" title="15.7.1.11 SET ROLE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.11, “SET ROLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-schema.html" title="7.3 The mysql System Schema">
Section 7.3, “The mysql System Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET SESSION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-variable-privileges.html" title="7.1.9.1 System Variable Privileges">
Section 7.1.9.1, “System Variable Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET SESSION TRANSACTION {READ WRITE | READ ONLY}
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET sql_log_bin = 0
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET sql_log_bin=OFF
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET sql_mode='modes'
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-sql-modes.html" title="A.3 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Server SQL Mode">
Section A.3, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Server SQL Mode”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET TIMESTAMP = value
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="processlist-access.html" title="10.14.1 Accessing the Process List">
Section 10.14.1, “Accessing the Process List”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET TRANSACTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-acid.html" title="17.2 InnoDB and the ACID Model">
Section 17.2, “InnoDB and the ACID Model”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="session-state-tracking.html" title="7.1.18 Server Tracking of Client Session State">
Section 7.1.18, “Server Tracking of Client Session State”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-transaction.html" title="15.3.7 SET TRANSACTION Statement">
Section 15.3.7, “SET TRANSACTION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
Section 15.3.1, “START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html" title="17.7.2.1 Transaction Isolation Levels">
Section 17.7.2.1, “Transaction Isolation Levels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-statement.html" title="15.7.6 SET Statements">
Section 15.7.6, “SET Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
Section 15.3.1, “START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET TRANSACTION {READ WRITE | READ ONLY}
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SET var_name = value
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-statement.html" title="15.7.6 SET Statements">
Section 15.7.6, “SET Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-additionalslaves.html" title="19.1.2.8 Adding Replicas to a Replication Environment">
Section 19.1.2.8, “Adding Replicas to a Replication Environment”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-configuring-consistency-guarantees.html" title="20.5.3.2 Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees">
Section 20.5.3.2, “Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.13, “CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="database-use.html" title="5.3 Creating and Using a Database">
Section 5.3, “Creating and Using a Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-cursor.html" title="15.6.6.2 Cursor DECLARE Statement">
Section 15.6.6.2, “Cursor DECLARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-schema.html" title="16.1 Data Dictionary Schema">
Section 16.1, “Data Dictionary Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extended-show.html" title="28.8 Extensions to SHOW Statements">
Section 28.8, “Extensions to SHOW Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-information-schema.html" title="16.5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA and Data Dictionary Integration">
Section 16.5, “INFORMATION_SCHEMA and Data Dictionary Integration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-introduction.html" title="28.1 Introduction">
Section 28.1, “Introduction”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-replication.html" title="A.14 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication">
Section A.14, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlshow.html" title="6.5.6 mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information">
Section 6.5.6, “mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-quick-start.html" title="29.1 Performance Schema Quick Start">
Section 29.1, “Performance Schema Quick Start”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-setup-replicas.html#replication-howto-existingdata" title="19.1.2.6.2 Setting Up Replication with Existing Data">
Section 19.1.2.6.2, “Setting Up Replication with Existing Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-columns.html" title="15.7.7.6 SHOW COLUMNS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.6, “SHOW COLUMNS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show.html" title="15.7.7 SHOW Statements">
Section 15.7.7, “SHOW Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-tables.html" title="15.7.7.39 SHOW TABLES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.39, “SHOW TABLES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-names.html" title="8.2.4 Specifying Account Names">
Section 8.2.4, “Specifying Account Names”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-statements-source.html" title="15.4.1 SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers">
Section 15.4.1, “SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="features.html" title="1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQL">
Section 1.2.2, “The Main Features of MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-unicode-utf8.html" title="12.9.3 The utf8 Character Set (Deprecated alias for utf8mb3)">
Section 12.9.3, “The utf8 Character Set (Deprecated alias for utf8mb3)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sys-schema-usage.html" title="30.2 Using the sys Schema">
Section 30.2, “Using the sys Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-metadata.html" title="12.2.2 UTF-8 for Metadata">
Section 12.2.2, “UTF-8 for Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW BINARY LOG STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-gtids.html" title="19.1.6.5 Global Transaction ID System Variables">
Section 19.1.6.5, “Global Transaction ID System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-bugs.html" title="19.5.5 How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems">
Section 19.5.5, “How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-backups.html" title="25.7.9 NDB Cluster Backups With NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.9, “NDB Cluster Backups With NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-masterstatus.html" title="19.1.2.4 Obtaining the Replication Source Binary Log Coordinates">
Section 19.1.2.4, “Obtaining the Replication Source Binary Log Coordinates”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-master-status.html" title="15.7.7.24 SHOW MASTER STATUS Statement (no longer supported)">
Section 15.7.7.24, “SHOW MASTER STATUS Statement (no longer supported)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.35, “SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-statements-source.html" title="15.4.1 SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers">
Section 15.4.1, “SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-problems.html" title="19.5.4 Troubleshooting Replication">
Section 19.5.4, “Troubleshooting Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW BINARY LOGS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-binlog-encryption.html" title="19.3.2 Encrypting Binary Log Files and Relay Log Files">
Section 19.3.2, “Encrypting Binary Log Files and Relay Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="purge-binary-logs.html" title="15.4.1.1 PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement">
Section 15.4.1.1, “PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-binary-logs.html" title="15.7.7.2 SHOW BINARY LOGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.2, “SHOW BINARY LOGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-statements-source.html" title="15.4.1 SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers">
Section 15.4.1, “SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog-backup.html" title="6.6.9.3 Using mysqlbinlog to Back Up Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9.3, “Using mysqlbinlog to Back Up Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW BINLOG EVENTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-transaction-compression.html#binary-log-transaction-compression-enabled" title="7.4.4.5.1 Behaviors When Binary Log Transaction Compression is Enabled">
Section 7.4.4.5.1, “Behaviors When Binary Log Transaction Compression is Enabled”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-transaction-compression.html" title="7.4.4.5 Binary Log Transaction Compression">
Section 7.4.4.5, “Binary Log Transaction Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-schema.html" title="25.7.4 NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables">
Section 25.7.4, “NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="cursor-restrictions.html" title="15.6.6.5 Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors">
Section 15.6.6.5, “Restrictions on Server-Side Cursors”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-binlog-events.html" title="15.7.7.3 SHOW BINLOG EVENTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.3, “SHOW BINLOG EVENTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html" title="19.1.7.3 Skipping Transactions">
Section 19.1.7.3, “Skipping Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html#replication-administration-skip-gtid" title="19.1.7.3.1 Skipping Transactions With GTIDs">
Section 19.1.7.3.1, “Skipping Transactions With GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-statements-source.html" title="15.4.1 SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers">
Section 15.4.1, “SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="start-replica.html" title="15.4.2.4 START REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.4, “START REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW CHARACTER SET
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-introducer.html" title="12.3.8 Character Set Introducers">
Section 12.3.8, “Character Set Introducers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-mysql.html" title="12.2 Character Sets and Collations in MySQL">
Section 12.2, “Character Sets and Collations in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-literal.html" title="12.3.6 Character String Literal Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.6, “Character String Literal Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-column.html" title="12.3.5 Column Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.5, “Column Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-database.html" title="15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.12, “CREATE DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-database.html" title="12.3.3 Database Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.3, “Database Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extended-show.html" title="28.8 Extensions to SHOW Statements">
Section 28.8, “Extensions to SHOW Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-character-set.html" title="15.7.7.4 SHOW CHARACTER SET Statement">
Section 15.7.7.4, “SHOW CHARACTER SET Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-charsets.html" title="12.10 Supported Character Sets and Collations">
Section 12.10, “Supported Character Sets and Collations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-table.html" title="12.3.4 Table Character Set and Collation">
Section 12.3.4, “Table Character Set and Collation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-character-sets-table.html" title="28.3.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS Table">
Section 28.3.4, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW COLLATION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-configuration.html" title="12.15 Character Set Configuration">
Section 12.15, “Character Set Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-mysql.html" title="12.2 Character Sets and Collations in MySQL">
Section 12.2, “Character Sets and Collations in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="adding-collation-choosing-id.html" title="12.14.2 Choosing a Collation ID">
Section 12.14.2, “Choosing a Collation ID”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-database.html" title="15.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.12, “CREATE DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="source-configuration-options.html" title="2.8.7 MySQL Source-Configuration Options">
Section 2.8.7, “MySQL Source-Configuration Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-collation.html" title="15.7.7.5 SHOW COLLATION Statement">
Section 15.7.7.5, “SHOW COLLATION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-collation-character-set-applicability-table.html" title="28.3.7 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY Table">
Section 28.3.7, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-collations-table.html" title="28.3.6 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS Table">
Section 28.3.6, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW COLUMNS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extended-show.html" title="28.8 Extensions to SHOW Statements">
Section 28.8, “Extensions to SHOW Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-gipks.html" title="15.1.20.11 Generated Invisible Primary Keys">
Section 15.1.20.11, “Generated Invisible Primary Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-temporary-tables.html" title="10.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL">
Section 10.4.4, “Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-quick-start.html" title="29.1 Performance Schema Quick Start">
Section 29.1, “Performance Schema Quick Start”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-columns.html" title="15.7.7.6 SHOW COLUMNS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.6, “SHOW COLUMNS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-columns-table.html" title="28.3.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table">
Section 28.3.8, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-buffer-page-table.html" title="28.4.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE Table">
Section 28.4.2, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-buffer-page-lru-table.html" title="28.4.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU Table">
Section 28.4.3, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-buffer-pool-stats-table.html" title="28.4.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS Table">
Section 28.4.4, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-cached-indexes-table.html" title="28.4.5 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CACHED_INDEXES Table">
Section 28.4.5, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CACHED_INDEXES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-cmp-table.html" title="28.4.6 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP and INNODB_CMP_RESET Tables">
Section 28.4.6, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP and INNODB_CMP_RESET Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-cmp-per-index-table.html" title="28.4.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX and INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET Tables">
Section 28.4.8, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX and
INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-cmpmem-table.html" title="28.4.7 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMPMEM and INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET Tables">
Section 28.4.7, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMPMEM and INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-columns-table.html" title="28.4.9 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_COLUMNS Table">
Section 28.4.9, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_COLUMNS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-datafiles-table.html" title="28.4.10 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_DATAFILES Table">
Section 28.4.10, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_DATAFILES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-fields-table.html" title="28.4.11 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FIELDS Table">
Section 28.4.11, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FIELDS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-foreign-table.html" title="28.4.12 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FOREIGN Table">
Section 28.4.12, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FOREIGN Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-foreign-cols-table.html" title="28.4.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FOREIGN_COLS Table">
Section 28.4.13, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FOREIGN_COLS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-ft-being-deleted-table.html" title="28.4.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED Table">
Section 28.4.14, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-ft-config-table.html" title="28.4.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_CONFIG Table">
Section 28.4.15, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_CONFIG Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-ft-default-stopword-table.html" title="28.4.16 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD Table">
Section 28.4.16, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-ft-deleted-table.html" title="28.4.17 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DELETED Table">
Section 28.4.17, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DELETED Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-ft-index-cache-table.html" title="28.4.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE Table">
Section 28.4.18, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-ft-index-table-table.html" title="28.4.19 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE Table">
Section 28.4.19, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-indexes-table.html" title="28.4.20 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_INDEXES Table">
Section 28.4.20, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_INDEXES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-metrics-table.html" title="28.4.21 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_METRICS Table">
Section 28.4.21, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_METRICS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-session-temp-tablespaces-table.html" title="28.4.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SESSION_TEMP_TABLESPACES Table">
Section 28.4.22, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SESSION_TEMP_TABLESPACES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tables-table.html" title="28.4.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table">
Section 28.4.23, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tablespaces-table.html" title="28.4.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES Table">
Section 28.4.24, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tablespaces-brief-table.html" title="28.4.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES_BRIEF Table">
Section 28.4.25, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES_BRIEF Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tablestats-table.html" title="28.4.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESTATS View">
Section 28.4.26, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESTATS View”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-temp-table-info-table.html" title="28.4.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO Table">
Section 28.4.27, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-trx-table.html" title="28.4.28 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TRX Table">
Section 28.4.28, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TRX Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-virtual-table.html" title="28.4.29 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_VIRTUAL Table">
Section 28.4.29, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_VIRTUAL Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW COLUMNS FROM tbl_name LIKE 'enum_col'
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="enum.html" title="13.3.5 The ENUM Type">
Section 13.3.5, “The ENUM Type”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW COUNT()
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-errors.html" title="15.7.7.18 SHOW ERRORS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.18, “SHOW ERRORS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-warnings.html" title="15.7.7.42 SHOW WARNINGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.42, “SHOW WARNINGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW CREATE DATABASE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-database.html" title="15.7.7.7 SHOW CREATE DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.7, “SHOW CREATE DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW CREATE EVENT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-metadata.html" title="27.4.4 Event Metadata">
Section 27.4.4, “Event Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-events.html" title="15.7.7.19 SHOW EVENTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.19, “SHOW EVENTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-privileges.html" title="27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.4.6, “The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW CREATE FUNCTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bug-reports.html" title="1.6 How to Report Bugs or Problems">
Section 1.6, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-stored-procs.html" title="A.4 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions">
Section A.4, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-procedure.html" title="15.7.7.10 SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.10, “SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-metadata.html" title="27.2.3 Stored Routine Metadata">
Section 27.2.3, “Stored Routine Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-privileges.html" title="27.2.2 Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.2.2, “Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="bug-reports.html" title="1.6 How to Report Bugs or Problems">
Section 1.6, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-stored-procs.html" title="A.4 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions">
Section A.4, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-function.html" title="15.7.7.9 SHOW CREATE FUNCTION Statement">
Section 15.7.7.9, “SHOW CREATE FUNCTION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-metadata.html" title="27.2.3 Stored Routine Metadata">
Section 27.2.3, “Stored Routine Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-privileges.html" title="27.2.2 Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.2.2, “Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW CREATE SCHEMA
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-data-encryption.html" title="17.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption">
Section 17.13, “InnoDB Data-at-Rest Encryption”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-database.html" title="15.7.7.7 SHOW CREATE DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.7, “SHOW CREATE DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW CREATE TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table-examples.html" title="15.1.9.3 ALTER TABLE Examples">
Section 15.1.9.3, “ALTER TABLE Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-page-merge-threshold.html" title="17.8.11 Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages">
Section 17.8.11, “Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-compression-usage.html" title="17.9.1.2 Creating Compressed Tables">
Section 17.9.1.2, “Creating Compressed Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-schema.html" title="16.1 Data Dictionary Schema">
Section 16.1, “Data Dictionary Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-type-defaults.html" title="13.6 Data Type Default Values">
Section 13.6, “Data Type Default Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ansi-diff-foreign-keys.html" title="1.7.2.3 FOREIGN KEY Constraint Differences">
Section 1.7.2.3, “FOREIGN KEY Constraint Differences”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-gipks.html" title="15.1.20.11 Generated Invisible Primary Keys">
Section 15.1.20.11, “Generated Invisible Primary Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="getting-information.html" title="5.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables">
Section 5.4, “Getting Information About Databases and Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-create.html" title="18.8.2 How to Create FEDERATED Tables">
Section 18.8.2, “How to Create FEDERATED Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-repair.html" title="9.6.3 How to Repair MyISAM Tables">
Section 9.6.3, “How to Repair MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-import.html" title="17.6.1.3 Importing InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.3, “Importing InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-page-compression.html" title="17.9.2 InnoDB Page Compression">
Section 17.9.2, “InnoDB Page Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-key.html" title="26.2.5 KEY Partitioning">
Section 26.2.5, “KEY Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-range-list.html" title="26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions">
Section 26.3.1, “Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html" title="25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects">
Section 25.6.11.1, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-system-variables" title="25.4.3.9.2 NDB Cluster System Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.2, “NDB Cluster System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-desc.html" title="25.5.9 ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables">
Section 25.5.9, “ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-restore.html" title="25.5.23 ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup">
Section 25.5.23, “ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-info.html" title="26.3.5 Obtaining Information About Partitions">
Section 26.3.5, “Obtaining Information About Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-optimization.html" title="10.2.4 Optimizing Performance Schema Queries">
Section 10.2.4, “Optimizing Performance Schema Queries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-quick-start.html" title="29.1 Performance Schema Quick Start">
Section 29.1, “Performance Schema Quick Start”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rebuilding-tables.html" title="3.14 Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes">
Section 3.14, “Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-ndb-comment-options.html" title="15.1.20.12 Setting NDB Comment Options">
Section 15.1.20.12, “Setting NDB Comment Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-columns.html" title="15.7.7.6 SHOW COLUMNS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.6, “SHOW COLUMNS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-table.html" title="15.7.7.11 SHOW CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.11, “SHOW CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="silent-column-changes.html" title="15.1.20.7 Silent Column Specification Changes">
Section 15.1.20.7, “Silent Column Specification Changes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-tablespace-autoextend-size.html" title="17.6.3.9 Tablespace AUTOEXTEND_SIZE Configuration">
Section 17.6.3.9, “Tablespace AUTOEXTEND_SIZE Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-dict-obj-tree.html" title="25.6.17.26 The ndbinfo dict_obj_tree Table">
Section 25.6.17.26, “The ndbinfo dict_obj_tree Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW CREATE TRIGGER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-trigger.html" title="15.7.7.12 SHOW CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.7.7.12, “SHOW CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-metadata.html" title="27.3.2 Trigger Metadata">
Section 27.3.2, “Trigger Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW CREATE USER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-locking.html" title="8.2.20 Account Locking">
Section 8.2.20, “Account Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html" title="8.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts">
Section 8.2.8, “Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-user.html" title="15.7.1.1 ALTER USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.1, “ALTER USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-user.html" title="15.7.1.3 CREATE USER Statement">
Section 15.7.1.3, “CREATE USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multifactor-authentication.html" title="8.2.18 Multifactor Authentication">
Section 8.2.18, “Multifactor Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.2.17 Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.2.17, “Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-user.html" title="15.7.7.13 SHOW CREATE USER Statement">
Section 15.7.7.13, “SHOW CREATE USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-grants.html" title="15.7.7.22 SHOW GRANTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.22, “SHOW GRANTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW CREATE VIEW
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrade-prerequisites.html" title="3.6 Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade">
Section 3.6, “Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-restrictions.html" title="27.9 Restrictions on Views">
Section 27.9, “Restrictions on Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-view.html" title="15.7.7.14 SHOW CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.7.7.14, “SHOW CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-views-table.html" title="28.3.47 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table">
Section 28.3.47, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-metadata.html" title="27.5.5 View Metadata">
Section 27.5.5, “View Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW DATABASES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="database-use.html" title="5.3 Creating and Using a Database">
Section 5.3, “Creating and Using a Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extended-show.html" title="28.8 Extensions to SHOW Statements">
Section 28.8, “Extensions to SHOW Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="getting-information.html" title="5.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables">
Section 5.4, “Getting Information About Databases and Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="identifier-case-sensitivity.html" title="11.2.3 Identifier Case Sensitivity">
Section 11.2.3, “Identifier Case Sensitivity”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-information-schema.html" title="16.5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA and Data Dictionary Integration">
Section 16.5, “INFORMATION_SCHEMA and Data Dictionary Integration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-introduction.html" title="28.1 Introduction">
Section 28.1, “Introduction”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-security-mysql-privileges.html" title="25.6.21.2 NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges">
Section 25.6.21.2, “NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo.html" title="25.6.17 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database">
Section 25.6.17, “ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-databases.html" title="15.7.7.15 SHOW DATABASES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.15, “SHOW DATABASES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-schemata-table.html" title="28.3.31 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table">
Section 28.3.31, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW ENGINE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-engine.html" title="15.7.7.16 SHOW ENGINE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.16, “SHOW ENGINE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW ENGINE INNODB MUTEX
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-standard-monitor.html" title="17.17.3 InnoDB Standard Monitor and Lock Monitor Output">
Section 17.17.3, “InnoDB Standard Monitor and Lock Monitor Output”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-adaptive-hash.html" title="17.5.3 Adaptive Hash Index">
Section 17.5.3, “Adaptive Hash Index”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-buffer-pool.html" title="17.5.1 Buffer Pool">
Section 17.5.1, “Buffer Pool”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-read-only-instance.html" title="17.8.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation">
Section 17.8.2, “Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="converting-tables-to-innodb.html" title="17.6.1.5 Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.5, “Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks.html" title="17.7.5 Deadlocks in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.5, “Deadlocks in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-enabling-monitors.html" title="17.17.2 Enabling InnoDB Monitors">
Section 17.17.2, “Enabling InnoDB Monitors”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-interfaces.html" title="B.2 Error Information Interfaces">
Section B.2, “Error Information Interfaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks-handling.html" title="17.7.5.3 How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks">
Section 17.7.5.3, “How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-information-schema-buffer-pool-tables.html" title="17.15.5 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Buffer Pool Tables">
Section 17.15.5, “InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Buffer Pool Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-information-schema-metrics-table.html" title="17.15.6 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Metrics Table">
Section 17.15.6, “InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Metrics Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-information-schema-system-tables.html" title="17.15.3 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Schema Object Tables">
Section 17.15.3, “InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Schema Object Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking.html" title="17.7.1 InnoDB Locking">
Section 17.7.1, “InnoDB Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-standard-monitor.html" title="17.17.3 InnoDB Standard Monitor and Lock Monitor Output">
Section 17.17.3, “InnoDB Standard Monitor and Lock Monitor Output”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-migration.html" title="17.6.1.4 Moving or Copying InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.4, “Moving or Copying InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-innodb-diskio.html" title="10.5.8 Optimizing InnoDB Disk I/O">
Section 10.5.8, “Optimizing InnoDB Disk I/O”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-ro-txn.html" title="10.5.3 Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions">
Section 10.5.3, “Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-purge-configuration.html" title="17.8.9 Purge Configuration">
Section 17.8.9, “Purge Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="telemetry-metrics-meter-metrics.html" title="35.4.3 Server Metrics">
Section 35.4.3, “Server Metrics”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-buffer-pool-stats-table.html" title="28.4.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS Table">
Section 28.4.4, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW ENGINE NDB STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-install-windows-initial-start.html" title="25.3.2.3 Initial Startup of NDB Cluster on Windows">
Section 25.3.2.3, “Initial Startup of NDB Cluster on Windows”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-management.html" title="25.6 Management of NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6, “Management of NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-schema.html" title="25.7.4 NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables">
Section 25.7.4, “NDB Cluster Replication Schema and Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-sql-statements.html" title="25.6.20 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements">
Section 25.6.20, “Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW ENGINE NDBCLUSTER STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-program-options-mysqld" title="25.4.3.9.1 MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster">
Section 25.4.3.9.1, “MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-sql-statements.html" title="25.6.20 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements">
Section 25.6.20, “Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW ENGINE PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-statement-digests.html" title="29.10 Performance Schema Statement Digests and Sampling">
Section 29.10, “Performance Schema Statement Digests and Sampling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-status-monitoring.html" title="29.7 Performance Schema Status Monitoring">
Section 29.7, “Performance Schema Status Monitoring”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW ENGINES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="storage-engines.html" title="Chapter 18 Alternative Storage Engines">
Chapter 18,
<i>
Alternative Storage Engines
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-mysql-cluster.html" title="A.10 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: NDB Cluster">
Section A.10, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-mysqld.html" title="25.6.10 MySQL Server Usage for NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.10, “MySQL Server Usage for NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo.html" title="25.6.17 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database">
Section 25.6.17, “ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-build-configuration.html" title="29.2 Performance Schema Build Configuration">
Section 29.2, “Performance Schema Build Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-quick-start.html" title="29.1 Performance Schema Quick Start">
Section 29.1, “Performance Schema Quick Start”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-sql-statements.html" title="25.6.20 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements">
Section 25.6.20, “Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="windows-select-server.html" title="2.3.3.3 Selecting a MySQL Server Type">
Section 2.3.3.3, “Selecting a MySQL Server Type”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-engines.html" title="15.7.7.17 SHOW ENGINES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.17, “SHOW ENGINES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
Section 18.5, “The ARCHIVE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="blackhole-storage-engine.html" title="18.6 The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine">
Section 18.6, “The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-engines-table.html" title="28.3.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table">
Section 28.3.13, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-check-availability.html" title="17.1.3 Verifying that InnoDB is the Default Storage Engine">
Section 17.1.3, “Verifying that InnoDB is the Default Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW ERRORS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-interfaces.html" title="B.2 Error Information Interfaces">
Section B.2, “Error Information Interfaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="get-diagnostics.html" title="15.6.7.3 GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement">
Section 15.6.7.3, “GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="resignal.html" title="15.6.7.4 RESIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.4, “RESIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-errors.html" title="15.7.7.18 SHOW ERRORS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.18, “SHOW ERRORS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-warnings.html" title="15.7.7.42 SHOW WARNINGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.42, “SHOW WARNINGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="signal.html" title="15.6.7.5 SIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.5, “SIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="diagnostics-area.html" title="15.6.7.7 The MySQL Diagnostics Area">
Section 15.6.7.7, “The MySQL Diagnostics Area”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW EVENTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-metadata.html" title="27.4.4 Event Metadata">
Section 27.4.4, “Event Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-invoked.html" title="19.5.1.16 Replication of Invoked Features">
Section 19.5.1.16, “Replication of Invoked Features”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-events.html" title="15.7.7.19 SHOW EVENTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.19, “SHOW EVENTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-privileges.html" title="27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.4.6, “The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-events-table.html" title="28.3.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table">
Section 28.3.14, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW FULL COLUMNS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-column-privileges-table.html" title="28.3.10 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table">
Section 28.3.10, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="processlist-access.html" title="10.14.1 Accessing the Process List">
Section 10.14.1, “Accessing the Process List”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
Section 6.5.2, “mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-performance.html" title="17.12.2 Online DDL Performance and Concurrency">
Section 17.12.2, “Online DDL Performance and Concurrency”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW FULL TABLES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlshow.html" title="6.5.6 mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information">
Section 6.5.6, “mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW FUNCTION CODE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-procedure-code.html" title="15.7.7.29 SHOW PROCEDURE CODE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.29, “SHOW PROCEDURE CODE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-metadata.html" title="27.2.3 Stored Routine Metadata">
Section 27.2.3, “Stored Routine Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-privileges.html" title="27.2.2 Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.2.2, “Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-procedure-status.html" title="15.7.7.30 SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.30, “SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-metadata.html" title="27.2.3 Stored Routine Metadata">
Section 27.2.3, “Stored Routine Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-privileges.html" title="27.2.2 Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.2.2, “Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW GLOBAL STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-status-variables" title="25.4.3.9.3 NDB Cluster Status Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.3, “NDB Cluster Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW GRANTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="access-control.html" title="8.2 Access Control and Account Management">
Section 8.2, “Access Control and Account Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html" title="8.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts">
Section 8.2.8, “Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partial-revokes.html" title="8.2.12 Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes">
Section 8.2.12, “Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-privilege-synchronization.html" title="25.6.13 Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER">
Section 25.6.13, “Privilege Synchronization and NDB_STORED_USER”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="revoke.html" title="15.7.1.8 REVOKE Statement">
Section 15.7.1.8, “REVOKE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="security-guidelines.html" title="8.1.1 Security Guidelines">
Section 8.1.1, “Security Guidelines”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-user.html" title="15.7.7.13 SHOW CREATE USER Statement">
Section 15.7.7.13, “SHOW CREATE USER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-grants.html" title="15.7.7.22 SHOW GRANTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.22, “SHOW GRANTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-privileges.html" title="15.7.7.28 SHOW PRIVILEGES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.28, “SHOW PRIVILEGES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="problems-connecting.html" title="8.2.22 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL">
Section 8.2.22, “Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="roles.html" title="8.2.10 Using Roles">
Section 8.2.10, “Using Roles”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW GRANTS FOR CURRENT_USER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-grants.html" title="15.7.7.22 SHOW GRANTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.22, “SHOW GRANTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW GRANTS FOR user
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-grants.html" title="15.7.7.22 SHOW GRANTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.22, “SHOW GRANTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW INDEX
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="analyze-table.html" title="15.7.3.1 ANALYZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.1, “ANALYZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-statistics-estimation.html" title="17.8.10.2 Configuring Non-Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters">
Section 17.8.10.2, “Configuring Non-Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-page-merge-threshold.html" title="17.8.11 Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages">
Section 17.8.11, “Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-gipks.html" title="15.1.20.11 Generated Invisible Primary Keys">
Section 15.1.20.11, “Generated Invisible Primary Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-hints.html" title="10.9.4 Index Hints">
Section 10.9.4, “Index Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-statistics.html" title="10.3.8 InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection">
Section 10.3.8, “InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics Collection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-indexes.html" title="10.3.12 Invisible Indexes">
Section 10.3.12, “Invisible Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-index-stat.html" title="25.5.14 ndb_index_stat — NDB Index Statistics Utility">
Section 25.5.14, “ndb_index_stat — NDB Index Statistics Utility”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-optimization.html" title="10.2.4 Optimizing Performance Schema Queries">
Section 10.2.4, “Optimizing Performance Schema Queries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisamchk-other-options.html" title="6.6.4.4 Other myisamchk Options">
Section 6.6.4.4, “Other myisamchk Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-columns.html" title="15.7.7.6 SHOW COLUMNS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.6, “SHOW COLUMNS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-index.html" title="15.7.7.23 SHOW INDEX Statement">
Section 15.7.7.23, “SHOW INDEX Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-statistics-table.html" title="28.3.34 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table">
Section 28.3.34, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-table-constraints-table.html" title="28.3.41 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table">
Section 28.3.41, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW OPEN TABLES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-open-tables.html" title="15.7.7.25 SHOW OPEN TABLES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.25, “SHOW OPEN TABLES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW PARSE_TREE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="source-configuration-options.html" title="2.8.7 MySQL Source-Configuration Options">
Section 2.8.7, “MySQL Source-Configuration Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-parse-tree.html" title="15.7.7.26 SHOW PARSE_TREE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.26, “SHOW PARSE_TREE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW PLUGINS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-remote.html" title="7.6.7.3 Cloning Remote Data">
Section 7.6.7.3, “Cloning Remote Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="connection-control-installation.html" title="8.4.2.1 Connection-Control Plugin Installation">
Section 8.4.2.1, “Connection-Control Plugin Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="install-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.4 INSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
Section 15.7.4.4, “INSTALL PLUGIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="plugin-loading.html" title="7.6.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins">
Section 7.6.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Plugins”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ddl-rewriter-installation.html" title="7.6.5.1 Installing or Uninstalling ddl_rewriter">
Section 7.6.5.1, “Installing or Uninstalling ddl_rewriter”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-installation.html" title="8.4.5.2 Installing or Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Audit">
Section 8.4.5.2, “Installing or Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Audit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-semisync-installation.html" title="19.4.10.1 Installing Semisynchronous Replication">
Section 19.4.10.1, “Installing Semisynchronous Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-installation.html" title="7.6.7.1 Installing the Clone Plugin">
Section 7.6.7.1, “Installing the Clone Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kerberos-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.8 Kerberos Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.8, “Kerberos Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-metadata.html" title="8.4.4.14 Keyring Metadata">
Section 8.4.4.14, “Keyring Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-plugin-installation.html" title="8.4.4.3 Keyring Plugin Installation">
Section 8.4.4.3, “Keyring Plugin Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ldap-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.7 LDAP Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.7, “LDAP Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-search-mecab.html" title="14.9.9 MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin">
Section 14.9.9, “MeCab Full-Text Parser Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-mysql-cluster.html" title="A.10 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: NDB Cluster">
Section A.10, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-program-options-mysqld" title="25.4.3.9.1 MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster">
Section 25.4.3.9.1, “MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo.html" title="25.6.17 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database">
Section 25.6.17, “ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="no-login-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.9 No-Login Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.9, “No-Login Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="obtaining-plugin-information.html" title="7.6.2 Obtaining Server Plugin Information">
Section 7.6.2, “Obtaining Server Plugin Information”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.5 PAM Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.5, “PAM Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-sql-statements.html" title="25.6.20 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements">
Section 25.6.20, “Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-plugins.html" title="15.7.7.27 SHOW PLUGINS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.27, “SHOW PLUGINS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="socket-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.10 Socket Peer-Credential Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.10, “Socket Peer-Credential Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="test-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.12 Test Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.12, “Test Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-ndb-transid-mysql-connection-map-table.html" title="28.3.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ndb_transid_mysql_connection_map Table">
Section 28.3.18, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ndb_transid_mysql_connection_map Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-plugins-table.html" title="28.3.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table">
Section 28.3.22, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="thread-pool-installation.html" title="7.6.3.2 Thread Pool Installation">
Section 7.6.3.2, “Thread Pool Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="webauthn-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.11 WebAuthn Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.11, “WebAuthn Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="windows-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.6 Windows Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.6, “Windows Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW plugins
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="x-plugin-checking-installation.html" title="22.5.1 Checking X Plugin Installation">
Section 22.5.1, “Checking X Plugin Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW PRIVILEGES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-privileges.html" title="15.7.7.28 SHOW PRIVILEGES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.28, “SHOW PRIVILEGES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW PROCEDURE CODE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-function-code.html" title="15.7.7.20 SHOW FUNCTION CODE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.20, “SHOW FUNCTION CODE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-metadata.html" title="27.2.3 Stored Routine Metadata">
Section 27.2.3, “Stored Routine Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-privileges.html" title="27.2.2 Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.2.2, “Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-function-status.html" title="15.7.7.21 SHOW FUNCTION STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.21, “SHOW FUNCTION STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-metadata.html" title="27.2.3 Stored Routine Metadata">
Section 27.2.3, “Stored Routine Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-privileges.html" title="27.2.2 Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.2.2, “Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW PROCESSLIST
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="processlist-access.html" title="10.14.1 Accessing the Process List">
Section 10.14.1, “Accessing the Process List”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
Section 15.4.2.2, “CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-status.html" title="19.1.7.1 Checking Replication Status">
Section 19.1.7.1, “Checking Replication Status”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="connection-interfaces.html" title="7.1.12.1 Connection Interfaces">
Section 7.1.12.1, “Connection Interfaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-delayed.html" title="19.4.11 Delayed Replication">
Section 19.4.11, “Delayed Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-configuration.html" title="27.4.2 Event Scheduler Configuration">
Section 27.4.2, “Event Scheduler Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-concepts.html" title="19.1.3.1 GTID Format and Storage">
Section 19.1.3.1, “GTID Format and Storage”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-error-handling.html" title="17.20.5 InnoDB Error Handling">
Section 17.20.5, “InnoDB Error Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kill.html" title="15.7.8.4 KILL Statement">
Section 15.7.8.4, “KILL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="security-against-attack.html" title="8.1.3 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers">
Section 8.1.3, “Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-threads-monitor-main.html" title="19.2.3.1 Monitoring Replication Main Threads">
Section 19.2.3.1, “Monitoring Replication Main Threads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-replication.html" title="A.14 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication">
Section A.14, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-mysqld.html" title="25.6.10 MySQL Server Usage for NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6.10, “MySQL Server Usage for NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
Section 6.5.2, “mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-for-connection.html" title="10.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection">
Section 10.8.4, “Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-functions.html" title="14.21 Performance Schema Functions">
Section 14.21, “Performance Schema Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-instrument-naming.html" title="29.6 Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions">
Section 29.6, “Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-stage-tables.html" title="29.12.5 Performance Schema Stage Event Tables">
Section 29.12.5, “Performance Schema Stage Event Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-system-variables.html" title="29.15 Performance Schema System Variables">
Section 29.15, “Performance Schema System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-threads.html" title="19.2.3 Replication Threads">
Section 19.2.3, “Replication Threads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-processlist.html" title="15.7.7.31 SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement">
Section 15.7.7.31, “SHOW PROCESSLIST Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-profile.html" title="15.7.7.32 SHOW PROFILE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.32, “SHOW PROFILE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.35, “SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="start-replica.html" title="15.4.2.4 START REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.4, “START REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
Section 15.3.1, “START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-stop.html" title="7.6.7.11 Stopping a Cloning Operation">
Section 7.6.7.11, “Stopping a Cloning Operation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-switch.html" title="19.4.8 Switching Sources During Failover">
Section 19.4.8, “Switching Sources During Failover”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-error-log-table.html" title="29.12.22.2 The error_log Table">
Section 29.12.22.2, “The error_log Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-ndb-transid-mysql-connection-map-table.html" title="28.3.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ndb_transid_mysql_connection_map Table">
Section 28.3.18, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ndb_transid_mysql_connection_map Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-processlist-table.html" title="28.3.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table">
Section 28.3.23, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-server-locks.html" title="25.6.17.54 The ndbinfo server_locks Table">
Section 25.6.17.54, “The ndbinfo server_locks Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-server-operations.html" title="25.6.17.55 The ndbinfo server_operations Table">
Section 25.6.17.55, “The ndbinfo server_operations Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-server-transactions.html" title="25.6.17.56 The ndbinfo server_transactions Table">
Section 25.6.17.56, “The ndbinfo server_transactions Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sys-processlist.html" title="30.4.3.22 The processlist and x$processlist Views">
Section 30.4.3.22, “The processlist and x$processlist Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-processlist-table.html" title="29.12.22.7 The processlist Table">
Section 29.12.22.7, “The processlist Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sys-ps-is-thread-instrumented.html" title="30.4.5.13 The ps_is_thread_instrumented() Function">
Section 30.4.5.13, “The ps_is_thread_instrumented() Function”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sys-ps-setup-disable-thread.html" title="30.4.4.7 The ps_setup_disable_thread() Procedure">
Section 30.4.4.7, “The ps_setup_disable_thread() Procedure”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sys-ps-setup-enable-thread.html" title="30.4.4.11 The ps_setup_enable_thread() Procedure">
Section 30.4.4.11, “The ps_setup_enable_thread() Procedure”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sys-ps-thread-id.html" title="30.4.5.15 The ps_thread_id() Function">
Section 30.4.5.15, “The ps_thread_id() Function”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-threads-table.html" title="29.12.22.8 The threads Table">
Section 29.12.22.8, “The threads Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="too-many-connections.html" title="B.3.2.5 Too many connections">
Section B.3.2.5, “Too many connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-problems.html" title="19.5.4 Troubleshooting Replication">
Section 19.5.4, “Troubleshooting Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW PROFILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="source-configuration-options.html" title="2.8.7 MySQL Source-Configuration Options">
Section 2.8.7, “MySQL Source-Configuration Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-query-profiling.html" title="29.19.1 Query Profiling Using Performance Schema">
Section 29.19.1, “Query Profiling Using Performance Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-profile.html" title="15.7.7.32 SHOW PROFILE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.32, “SHOW PROFILE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-profiles.html" title="15.7.7.33 SHOW PROFILES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.33, “SHOW PROFILES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-profiling-table.html" title="28.3.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table">
Section 28.3.24, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW PROFILES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="source-configuration-options.html" title="2.8.7 MySQL Source-Configuration Options">
Section 2.8.7, “MySQL Source-Configuration Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-query-profiling.html" title="29.19.1 Query Profiling Using Performance Schema">
Section 29.19.1, “Query Profiling Using Performance Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-profile.html" title="15.7.7.32 SHOW PROFILE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.32, “SHOW PROFILE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-profiles.html" title="15.7.7.33 SHOW PROFILES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.33, “SHOW PROFILES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-profiling-table.html" title="28.3.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table">
Section 28.3.24, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW RELAYLOG EVENTS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-transaction-compression.html#binary-log-transaction-compression-enabled" title="7.4.4.5.1 Behaviors When Binary Log Transaction Compression is Enabled">
Section 7.4.4.5.1, “Behaviors When Binary Log Transaction Compression is Enabled”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-transaction-compression.html" title="7.4.4.5 Binary Log Transaction Compression">
Section 7.4.4.5, “Binary Log Transaction Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-commands-single-channel.html" title="19.2.2.1 Commands for Operations on a Single Channel">
Section 19.2.2.1, “Commands for Operations on a Single Channel”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-with-prev-replication.html" title="19.2.2.2 Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements">
Section 19.2.2.2, “Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-binlog-events.html" title="15.7.7.3 SHOW BINLOG EVENTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.3, “SHOW BINLOG EVENTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-relaylog-events.html" title="15.7.7.34 SHOW RELAYLOG EVENTS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.34, “SHOW RELAYLOG EVENTS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html" title="19.1.7.3 Skipping Transactions">
Section 19.1.7.3, “Skipping Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html#replication-administration-skip-gtid" title="19.1.7.3.1 Skipping Transactions With GTIDs">
Section 19.1.7.3.1, “Skipping Transactions With GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-statements-replica.html" title="15.4.2 SQL Statements for Controlling Replica Servers">
Section 15.4.2, “SQL Statements for Controlling Replica Servers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW REPLICA STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-additionalslaves.html" title="19.1.2.8 Adding Replicas to a Replication Environment">
Section 19.1.2.8, “Adding Replicas to a Replication Environment”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
Section 15.4.2.2, “CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-status.html" title="19.1.7.1 Checking Replication Status">
Section 19.1.7.1, “Checking Replication Status”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-commands-single-channel.html" title="19.2.2.1 Commands for Operations on a Single Channel">
Section 19.2.2.1, “Commands for Operations on a Single Channel”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-with-prev-replication.html" title="19.2.2.2 Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements">
Section 19.2.2.2, “Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-delayed.html" title="19.4.11 Delayed Replication">
Section 19.4.11, “Delayed Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-mode-change-online-disable-gtids.html" title="19.1.4.3 Disabling GTID Transactions Online">
Section 19.1.4.3, “Disabling GTID Transactions Online”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-interfaces.html" title="B.2 Error Information Interfaces">
Section B.2, “Error Information Interfaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-gtids.html" title="19.1.6.5 Global Transaction ID System Variables">
Section 19.1.6.5, “Global Transaction ID System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-bugs.html" title="19.5.5 How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems">
Section 19.5.5, “How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-failover.html" title="25.7.8 Implementing Failover with NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.8, “Implementing Failover with NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-issues.html" title="25.7.3 Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.3, “Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-threads-monitor-main.html" title="19.2.3.1 Monitoring Replication Main Threads">
Section 19.2.3.1, “Monitoring Replication Main Threads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="network-namespace-support.html" title="7.1.14 Network Namespace Support">
Section 7.1.14, “Network Namespace Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-tables.html" title="29.12.11 Performance Schema Replication Tables">
Section 29.12.11, “Performance Schema Replication Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-functions-synchronization.html" title="14.18.4 Position-Based Synchronization Functions">
Section 14.18.4, “Position-Based Synchronization Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="purge-binary-logs.html" title="15.4.1.1 PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement">
Section 15.4.1.1, “PURGE BINARY LOGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-errors.html" title="19.5.1.29 Replica Errors During Replication">
Section 19.5.1.29, “Replica Errors During Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options.html" title="19.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6, “Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-transaction-inconsistencies.html" title="19.5.1.34 Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies">
Section 19.5.1.34, “Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replica-io-thread-states.html" title="10.14.5 Replication I/O (Receiver) Thread States">
Section 10.14.5, “Replication I/O (Receiver) Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replica-logs-status.html" title="19.2.4.2 Replication Metadata Repositories">
Section 19.2.4.2, “Replication Metadata Repositories”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-threads.html" title="19.2.3 Replication Threads">
Section 19.2.3, “Replication Threads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-restrictions.html" title="19.1.3.7 Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.7, “Restrictions on Replication with GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-encrypted-connections.html" title="19.3.1 Setting Up Replication to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 19.3.1, “Setting Up Replication to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-binary-log-status.html" title="15.7.7.1 SHOW BINARY LOG STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.1, “SHOW BINARY LOG STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.35, “SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-statements-replica.html" title="15.4.2 SQL Statements for Controlling Replica Servers">
Section 15.4.2, “SQL Statements for Controlling Replica Servers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="start-replica.html" title="15.4.2.4 START REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.4, “START REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-start-replica.html" title="19.1.5.5 Starting Multi-Source Replicas">
Section 19.1.5.5, “Starting Multi-Source Replicas”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-configuration-table.html" title="29.12.11.2 The replication_applier_configuration Table">
Section 29.12.11.2, “The replication_applier_configuration Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-status-table.html" title="29.12.11.5 The replication_applier_status Table">
Section 29.12.11.5, “The replication_applier_status Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-status-by-coordinator-table.html" title="29.12.11.6 The replication_applier_status_by_coordinator Table">
Section 29.12.11.6, “The replication_applier_status_by_coordinator Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-status-by-worker-table.html" title="29.12.11.7 The replication_applier_status_by_worker Table">
Section 29.12.11.7, “The replication_applier_status_by_worker Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-connection-configuration-table.html" title="29.12.11.11 The replication_connection_configuration Table">
Section 29.12.11.11, “The replication_connection_configuration Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-connection-status-table.html" title="29.12.11.13 The replication_connection_status Table">
Section 29.12.11.13, “The replication_connection_status Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-problems.html" title="19.5.4 Troubleshooting Replication">
Section 19.5.4, “Troubleshooting Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW REPLICA | SLAVE STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-replication.html" title="A.14 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication">
Section A.14, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW REPLICAS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-status.html" title="19.1.7.1 Checking Replication Status">
Section 19.1.7.1, “Checking Replication Status”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options.html" title="19.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6, “Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-source.html" title="19.1.6.2 Replication Source Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.2, “Replication Source Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-statements-source.html" title="15.4.1 SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers">
Section 15.4.1, “SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW SCHEMAS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-databases.html" title="15.7.7.15 SHOW DATABASES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.15, “SHOW DATABASES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW SESSION STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-status-variables" title="25.4.3.9.3 NDB Cluster Status Variables">
Section 25.4.3.9.3, “NDB Cluster Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-api-definition.html" title="25.4.3.7 Defining SQL and Other API Nodes in an NDB Cluster">
Section 25.4.3.7, “Defining SQL and Other API Nodes in an NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-mode-change-online-enable-gtids.html" title="19.1.4.2 Enabling GTID Transactions Online">
Section 19.1.4.2, “Enabling GTID Transactions Online”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-management.html" title="25.6 Management of NDB Cluster">
Section 25.6, “Management of NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-options-variables.html#mysql-cluster-program-options-mysqld" title="25.4.3.9.1 MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster">
Section 25.4.3.9.1, “MySQL Server Options for NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndb-api-statistics.html" title="25.6.16 NDB API Statistics Counters and Variables">
Section 25.6.16, “NDB API Statistics Counters and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication.html" title="25.7 NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7, “NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-system-variables.html" title="29.15 Performance Schema System Variables">
Section 29.15, “Performance Schema System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-sql-statements.html" title="25.6.20 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements">
Section 25.6.20, “Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-temptables.html" title="19.5.1.31 Replication and Temporary Tables">
Section 19.5.1.31, “Replication and Temporary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-semisync-monitoring.html" title="19.4.10.3 Semisynchronous Replication Monitoring">
Section 19.4.10.3, “Semisynchronous Replication Monitoring”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-status.html" title="15.7.7.37 SHOW STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.37, “SHOW STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-extensions.html" title="10.3.10 Use of Index Extensions">
Section 10.3.10, “Use of Index Extensions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'perf%'
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-status-monitoring.html" title="29.7 Performance Schema Status Monitoring">
Section 29.7, “Performance Schema Status Monitoring”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW TABLE STATUS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="aggregate-functions.html" title="14.19.1 Aggregate Function Descriptions">
Section 14.19.1, “Aggregate Function Descriptions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html" title="17.6.1.6 AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.6, “AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-statistics-estimation.html" title="17.8.10.2 Configuring Non-Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters">
Section 17.8.10.2, “Configuring Non-Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-innodb-tables.html" title="17.6.1.1 Creating InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.1, “Creating InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-file-space.html" title="17.11.2 File Space Management">
Section 17.11.2, “File Space Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-restrictions-limitations.html" title="17.22 InnoDB Restrictions and Limitations">
Section 17.22, “InnoDB Restrictions and Limitations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-row-format.html" title="17.10 InnoDB Row Formats">
Section 17.10, “InnoDB Row Formats”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-info.html" title="26.3.5 Obtaining Information About Partitions">
Section 26.3.5, “Obtaining Information About Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-columns.html" title="15.7.7.6 SHOW COLUMNS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.6, “SHOW COLUMNS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-create-table.html" title="15.7.7.11 SHOW CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.11, “SHOW CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-table-status.html" title="15.7.7.38 SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.38, “SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
Section 18.5, “The ARCHIVE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-tables-table.html" title="28.3.38 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table">
Section 28.3.38, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW TABLES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-tables.html" title="5.3.2 Creating a Table">
Section 5.3.2, “Creating a Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-schema.html" title="16.1 Data Dictionary Schema">
Section 16.1, “Data Dictionary Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extended-show.html" title="28.8 Extensions to SHOW Statements">
Section 28.8, “Extensions to SHOW Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="identifier-case-sensitivity.html" title="11.2.3 Identifier Case Sensitivity">
Section 11.2.3, “Identifier Case Sensitivity”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-information-schema.html" title="17.15 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables">
Section 17.15, “InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-introduction.html" title="28.1 Introduction">
Section 28.1, “Introduction”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-multi-source.html" title="25.7.10 NDB Cluster Replication: Bidirectional and Circular Replication">
Section 25.7.10, “NDB Cluster Replication: Bidirectional and Circular Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-restore.html" title="25.5.23 ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup">
Section 25.5.23, “ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo.html" title="25.6.17 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database">
Section 25.6.17, “ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-table-status.html" title="15.7.7.38 SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.38, “SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-tables.html" title="15.7.7.39 SHOW TABLES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.39, “SHOW TABLES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="cannot-find-table.html" title="B.3.2.14 Table 'tbl_name' doesn't exist">
Section B.3.2.14, “Table 'tbl_name' doesn't exist”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="temporary-table-problems.html" title="B.3.6.2 TEMPORARY Table Problems">
Section B.3.6.2, “TEMPORARY Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-tables-table.html" title="28.3.38 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table">
Section 28.3.38, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="system-schema.html" title="7.3 The mysql System Schema">
Section 7.3, “The mysql System Schema”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="thread-pool-installation.html" title="7.6.3.2 Thread Pool Installation">
Section 7.6.3.2, “Thread Pool Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="firewall-usage.html" title="8.4.7.3 Using MySQL Enterprise Firewall">
Section 8.4.7.3, “Using MySQL Enterprise Firewall”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="temporary-files.html" title="B.3.3.5 Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files">
Section B.3.3.5, “Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW TABLES FROM some_ndb_database
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-security-mysql-privileges.html" title="25.6.21.2 NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges">
Section 25.6.21.2, “NDB Cluster and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW TRIGGERS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-triggers.html" title="A.5 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Triggers">
Section A.5, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Triggers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrade-prerequisites.html" title="3.6 Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade">
Section 3.6, “Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-triggers.html" title="15.7.7.40 SHOW TRIGGERS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.40, “SHOW TRIGGERS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-triggers-table.html" title="28.3.44 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS Table">
Section 28.3.44, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-metadata.html" title="27.3.2 Trigger Metadata">
Section 27.3.2, “Trigger Metadata”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW VARIABLES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-remote.html" title="7.6.7.3 Cloning Remote Data">
Section 7.6.7.3, “Cloning Remote Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-semisync-interface.html" title="19.4.10.2 Configuring Semisynchronous Replication">
Section 19.4.10.2, “Configuring Semisynchronous Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="events-configuration.html" title="27.4.2 Event Scheduler Configuration">
Section 27.4.2, “Event Scheduler Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-import.html" title="17.6.1.3 Importing InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.3, “Importing InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-legacy-filtering.html" title="8.4.5.10 Legacy Mode Audit Log Filtering">
Section 8.4.5.10, “Legacy Mode Audit Log Filtering”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-monitoring.html" title="19.1.5.8 Monitoring Multi-Source Replication">
Section 19.1.5.8, “Monitoring Multi-Source Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-cjk.html" title="A.11 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character Sets">
Section A.11, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean
Character Sets”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-startup-configuration.html" title="29.3 Performance Schema Startup Configuration">
Section 29.3, “Performance Schema Startup Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-system-variables.html" title="29.15 Performance Schema System Variables">
Section 29.15, “Performance Schema System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-sql-statements.html" title="25.6.20 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements">
Section 25.6.20, “Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="multiple-servers.html" title="7.8 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine">
Section 7.8, “Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-options.html" title="7.1.7 Server Command Options">
Section 7.1.7, “Server Command Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
Section 15.7.6.1, “SET Syntax for Variable Assignment”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-variables.html" title="15.7.7.41 SHOW VARIABLES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.41, “SHOW VARIABLES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-starting.html" title="25.7.6 Starting NDB Cluster Replication (Single Replication Channel)">
Section 25.7.6, “Starting NDB Cluster Replication (Single Replication Channel)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-system-variables.html" title="7.1.9 Using System Variables">
Section 7.1.9, “Using System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filter-definitions.html" title="8.4.5.8 Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions">
Section 8.4.5.8, “Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%fips%'
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fips-mode.html" title="8.8 FIPS Support">
Section 8.8, “FIPS Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHOW WARNINGS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-sbr-rbr.html" title="19.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication">
Section 19.2.1.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based
Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="collation-diagnostics.html" title="12.14.4.3 Diagnostics During Index.xml Parsing">
Section 12.14.4.3, “Diagnostics During Index.xml Parsing”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-procedure.html" title="15.1.29 DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.29, “DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="drop-table.html" title="15.1.32 DROP TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.32, “DROP TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-interfaces.html" title="B.2 Error Information Interfaces">
Section B.2, “Error Information Interfaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-extended.html" title="10.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.3, “Extended EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="function-resolution.html" title="11.2.5 Function Name Parsing and Resolution">
Section 11.2.5, “Function Name Parsing and Resolution”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="get-diagnostics.html" title="15.6.7.3 GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement">
Section 15.6.7.3, “GET DIAGNOSTICS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="json-validation-functions.html" title="14.17.7 JSON Schema Validation Functions">
Section 14.17.7, “JSON Schema Validation Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
Section 15.2.9, “LOAD DATA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mixed.html" title="7.4.4.3 Mixed Binary Logging Format">
Section 7.4.4.3, “Mixed Binary Logging Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-tips.html" title="6.5.1.6 mysql Client Tips">
Section 6.5.1.6, “mysql Client Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="generated-column-index-optimizations.html" title="10.3.11 Optimizer Use of Generated Column Indexes">
Section 10.3.11, “Optimizer Use of Generated Column Indexes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="semijoins-antijoins.html" title="10.2.2.1 Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin Transformations">
Section 10.2.2.1, “Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin
Transformations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-optimization.html" title="10.2.3 Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries">
Section 10.2.3, “Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-explain.html" title="10.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN">
Section 10.8.1, “Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-materialization.html" title="10.2.2.2 Optimizing Subqueries with Materialization">
Section 10.2.2.2, “Optimizing Subqueries with Materialization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-optimization-with-exists.html" title="10.2.2.3 Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy">
Section 10.2.2.3, “Optimizing Subqueries with the EXISTS Strategy”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="constraint-primary-key.html" title="1.7.3.1 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE Index Constraints">
Section 1.7.3.1, “PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE Index Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="precision-math-rounding.html" title="14.24.4 Rounding Behavior">
Section 14.24.4, “Rounding Behavior”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-secondary-indexes.html" title="15.1.20.9 Secondary Indexes and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.9, “Secondary Indexes and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-errors.html" title="15.7.7.18 SHOW ERRORS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.18, “SHOW ERRORS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-warnings.html" title="15.7.7.42 SHOW WARNINGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.42, “SHOW WARNINGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="signal.html" title="15.6.7.5 SIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.5, “SIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="switchable-optimizations.html" title="10.9.2 Switchable Optimizations">
Section 10.9.2, “Switchable Optimizations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="diagnostics-area.html" title="15.6.7.7 The MySQL Diagnostics Area">
Section 15.6.7.7, “The MySQL Diagnostics Area”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin-usage.html" title="7.6.4.2 Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4.2, “Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SHUTDOWN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-configuring-consistency-guarantees.html" title="20.5.3.2 Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees">
Section 20.5.3.2, “Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="shutdown.html" title="15.7.8.9 SHUTDOWN Statement">
Section 15.7.8.9, “SHUTDOWN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="unix-signal-response.html" title="6.10 Unix Signal Handling in MySQL">
Section 6.10, “Unix Signal Handling in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-upgrading-member.html" title="20.8.3.2 Upgrading a Group Replication Member">
Section 20.8.3.2, “Upgrading a Group Replication Member”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
SIGNAL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="condition-handling.html" title="15.6.7 Condition Handling">
Section 15.6.7, “Condition Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-condition.html" title="15.6.7.1 DECLARE ... CONDITION Statement">
Section 15.6.7.1, “DECLARE ... CONDITION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="declare-handler.html" title="15.6.7.2 DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.6.7.2, “DECLARE ... HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="resignal.html" title="15.6.7.4 RESIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.4, “RESIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="condition-handling-restrictions.html" title="15.6.8 Restrictions on Condition Handling">
Section 15.6.8, “Restrictions on Condition Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="handler-scope.html" title="15.6.7.6 Scope Rules for Handlers">
Section 15.6.7.6, “Scope Rules for Handlers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="signal.html" title="15.6.7.5 SIGNAL Statement">
Section 15.6.7.5, “SIGNAL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="diagnostics-area.html" title="15.6.7.7 The MySQL Diagnostics Area">
Section 15.6.7.7, “The MySQL Diagnostics Area”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
START GROUP REPLICATION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
START GROUP_REPLICATION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-adding-instances.html#group-replication-adding-a-second-instance" title="20.2.1.6.1 Adding a Second Instance">
Section 20.2.1.6.1, “Adding a Second Instance”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-adding-instances.html#group-replication-adding-additional-instances" title="20.2.1.6.2 Adding Additional Instances">
Section 20.2.1.6.2, “Adding Additional Instances”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-bootstrap.html" title="20.2.1.5 Bootstrapping the Group">
Section 20.2.1.5, “Bootstrapping the Group”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
Section 15.4.2.2, “CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="clone-plugin-replication.html" title="7.6.7.7 Cloning for Replication">
Section 7.6.7.7, “Cloning for Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-cloning.html#group-replication-cloning-operations" title="20.5.4.2.3 Cloning Operations">
Section 20.5.4.2.3, “Cloning Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-online-upgrade-combining-versions.html" title="20.8.1 Combining Different Member Versions in a Group">
Section 20.8.1, “Combining Different Member Versions in a Group”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3.1, “Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-distributed-recovery.html" title="20.5.4 Distributed Recovery">
Section 20.5.4, “Distributed Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-responses-failure-exit.html" title="20.7.7.4 Exit Action">
Section 20.7.7.4, “Exit Action”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-frequently-asked-questions.html" title="20.10 Frequently Asked Questions">
Section 20.10, “Frequently Asked Questions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-system-variables.html" title="20.9.1 Group Replication System Variables">
Section 20.9.1, “Group Replication System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-network-partitioning.html" title="20.7.8 Handling a Network Partition and Loss of Quorum">
Section 20.7.8, “Handling a Network Partition and Loss of Quorum”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-logging.html" title="8.1.2.3 Passwords and Logging">
Section 8.1.2.3, “Passwords and Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-cloning.html#group-replication-cloning-prerequisites" title="20.5.4.2.1 Prerequisites for Cloning">
Section 20.5.4.2.1, “Prerequisites for Cloning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-secure-user.html#group-replication-secure-user-provide" title="20.6.3.1.3 Providing Replication User Credentials Securely">
Section 20.6.3.1.3, “Providing Replication User Credentials Securely”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-restarting-group.html" title="20.5.2 Restarting a Group">
Section 20.5.2, “Restarting a Group”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-secure-socket-layer-support-ssl.html" title="20.6.2 Securing Group Communication Connections with Secure Socket Layer (SSL)">
Section 20.6.2, “Securing Group Communication Connections with Secure Socket Layer (SSL)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-distributed-recovery-connections.html#group-replication-distributed-recovery-connections-endpoints" title="20.5.4.1.1 Selecting addresses for distributed recovery endpoints">
Section 20.5.4.1.1, “Selecting addresses for distributed recovery endpoints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stop-group-replication.html" title="15.4.3.2 STOP GROUP_REPLICATION Statement">
Section 15.4.3.2, “STOP GROUP_REPLICATION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-upgrading-member.html" title="20.8.3.2 Upgrading a Group Replication Member">
Section 20.8.3.2, “Upgrading a Group Replication Member”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-user-credentials.html" title="20.2.1.3 User Credentials For Distributed Recovery">
Section 20.2.1.3, “User Credentials For Distributed Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
START REPLICA
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-additionalslaves.html" title="19.1.2.8 Adding Replicas to a Replication Environment">
Section 19.1.2.8, “Adding Replicas to a Replication Environment”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-transaction-compression.html#binary-log-transaction-compression-enabled" title="7.4.4.5.1 Behaviors When Binary Log Transaction Compression is Enabled">
Section 7.4.4.5.1, “Behaviors When Binary Log Transaction Compression is Enabled”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-transaction-compression.html" title="7.4.4.5 Binary Log Transaction Compression">
Section 7.4.4.5, “Binary Log Transaction Compression”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-binary-log.html" title="19.1.6.4 Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.4, “Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
Section 15.4.2.2, “CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-commands-single-channel.html" title="19.2.2.1 Commands for Operations on a Single Channel">
Section 19.2.2.1, “Commands for Operations on a Single Channel”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-with-prev-replication.html" title="19.2.2.2 Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements">
Section 19.2.2.2, “Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-delayed.html" title="19.4.11 Delayed Replication">
Section 19.4.11, “Delayed Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-mode-change-online-disable-gtids.html" title="19.1.4.3 Disabling GTID Transactions Online">
Section 19.1.4.3, “Disabling GTID Transactions Online”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-concepts.html" title="19.1.3.1 GTID Format and Storage">
Section 19.1.3.1, “GTID Format and Storage”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-failover.html" title="25.7.8 Implementing Failover with NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.8, “Implementing Failover with NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-semisync-installation.html" title="19.4.10.1 Installing Semisynchronous Replication">
Section 19.4.10.1, “Installing Semisynchronous Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-multi-source.html" title="25.7.10 NDB Cluster Replication: Bidirectional and Circular Replication">
Section 25.7.10, “NDB Cluster Replication: Bidirectional and Circular Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-restore.html" title="25.5.23 ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup">
Section 25.5.23, “ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-logging.html" title="8.1.2.3 Passwords and Logging">
Section 8.1.2.3, “Passwords and Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-pausing.html" title="19.1.7.2 Pausing Replication on the Replica">
Section 19.1.7.2, “Pausing Replication on the Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-tables.html" title="29.12.11 Performance Schema Replication Tables">
Section 29.12.11, “Performance Schema Replication Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks-recover.html" title="19.3.3.3 Recovering From Failed Replication Privilege Checks">
Section 19.3.3.3, “Recovering From Failed Replication Privilege Checks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-errors.html" title="19.5.1.29 Replica Errors During Replication">
Section 19.5.1.29, “Replica Errors During Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-partitioning.html" title="19.4.6 Replicating Different Databases to Different Replicas">
Section 19.4.6, “Replicating Different Databases to Different Replicas”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options.html" title="19.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6, “Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-transaction-inconsistencies.html" title="19.5.1.34 Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies">
Section 19.5.1.34, “Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-assign-anon.html" title="19.1.3.6 Replication From a Source Without GTIDs to a Replica With GTIDs">
Section 19.1.3.6, “Replication From a Source Without GTIDs to a Replica With GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replica-logs-status.html" title="19.2.4.2 Replication Metadata Repositories">
Section 19.2.4.2, “Replication Metadata Repositories”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks.html" title="19.3.3 Replication Privilege Checks">
Section 19.3.3, “Replication Privilege Checks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-threads.html" title="19.2.3 Replication Threads">
Section 19.2.3, “Replication Threads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-replica.html" title="15.4.2.3 RESET REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.3, “RESET REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-setup-replicas.html#replication-howto-existingdata" title="19.1.2.6.2 Setting Up Replication with Existing Data">
Section 19.1.2.6.2, “Setting Up Replication with Existing Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.35, “SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html" title="19.1.7.3 Skipping Transactions">
Section 19.1.7.3, “Skipping Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html#replication-administration-skip-gtid" title="19.1.7.3.1 Skipping Transactions With GTIDs">
Section 19.1.7.3.1, “Skipping Transactions With GTIDs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html#set-global-replica-sql-skip-counter" title="19.1.7.3.2.1 Skipping Transactions With SET GLOBAL sql_replica_skip_counter">
Section 19.1.7.3.2.1, “Skipping Transactions With
<code class="literal">
SET GLOBAL
sql_replica_skip_counter
</code>
”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-start-replica.html" title="19.1.5.5 Starting Multi-Source Replicas">
Section 19.1.5.5, “Starting Multi-Source Replicas”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-starting.html" title="25.7.6 Starting NDB Cluster Replication (Single Replication Channel)">
Section 25.7.6, “Starting NDB Cluster Replication (Single Replication Channel)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stop-replica.html" title="15.4.2.5 STOP REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.5, “STOP REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-switch.html" title="19.4.8 Switching Sources During Failover">
Section 19.4.8, “Switching Sources During Failover”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-status-by-worker-table.html" title="29.12.11.7 The replication_applier_status_by_worker Table">
Section 29.12.11.7, “The replication_applier_status_by_worker Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-problems.html" title="19.5.4 Troubleshooting Replication">
Section 19.5.4, “Troubleshooting Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-upgrade.html" title="19.5.3 Upgrading or Downgrading a Replication Topology">
Section 19.5.3, “Upgrading or Downgrading a Replication Topology”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-two-channels.html" title="25.7.7 Using Two Replication Channels for NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.7, “Using Two Replication Channels for NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
START REPLICA SQL_THREAD
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-filter.html" title="15.4.2.1 CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement">
Section 15.4.2.1, “CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
START REPLICA UNTIL SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-unexpected-replica-halt.html" title="19.4.2 Handling an Unexpected Halt of a Replica">
Section 19.4.2, “Handling an Unexpected Halt of a Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-transaction-inconsistencies.html" title="19.5.1.34 Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies">
Section 19.5.1.34, “Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.35, “SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
START TRANSACTION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-autocommit-commit-rollback.html" title="17.7.2.2 autocommit, Commit, and Rollback">
Section 17.7.2.2, “autocommit, Commit, and Rollback”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="begin-end.html" title="15.6.1 BEGIN ... END Compound Statement">
Section 15.6.1, “BEGIN ... END Compound Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks-handling.html" title="17.7.5.3 How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks">
Section 17.7.5.3, “How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking-reads.html" title="17.7.2.4 Locking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.4, “Locking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-ro-txn.html" title="10.5.3 Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions">
Section 10.5.3, “Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-semisync.html" title="19.4.10 Semisynchronous Replication">
Section 19.4.10, “Semisynchronous Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="session-state-tracking.html" title="7.1.18 Server Tracking of Client Session State">
Section 7.1.18, “Server Tracking of Client Session State”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-transaction.html" title="15.3.7 SET TRANSACTION Statement">
Section 15.3.7, “SET TRANSACTION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
Section 15.3.1, “START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-transactional-statements.html" title="15.3 Transactional and Locking Statements">
Section 15.3, “Transactional and Locking Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
START TRANSACTION ... COMMIT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-multi-primary-mode.html#group-replication-data-definition-statements" title="20.1.3.2.2 Data Definition Statements">
Section 20.1.3.2.2, “Data Definition Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
START TRANSACTION READ ONLY
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-ro-txn.html" title="10.5.3 Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions">
Section 10.5.3, “Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
START TRANSACTION WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-consistent-read.html" title="17.7.2.3 Consistent Nonlocking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.3, “Consistent Nonlocking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
STATS_PERSISTENT=0
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-statistics-estimation.html" title="17.8.10.2 Configuring Non-Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters">
Section 17.8.10.2, “Configuring Non-Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
STATS_PERSISTENT=1
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-persistent-stats.html" title="17.8.10.1 Configuring Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters">
Section 17.8.10.1, “Configuring Persistent Optimizer Statistics Parameters”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
STOP GROUP REPLICATION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-replica.html" title="15.4.2.3 RESET REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.3, “RESET REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
STOP GROUP_REPLICATION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-responses-failure-rejoin.html" title="20.7.7.3 Auto-Rejoin">
Section 20.7.7.3, “Auto-Rejoin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-connection-security.html" title="20.6.1 Communication Stack for Connection Security Management">
Section 20.6.1, “Communication Stack for Connection Security Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-encrypted-connections.html" title="8.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections">
Section 8.3.1, “Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-configuring-consistency-guarantees.html" title="20.5.3.2 Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees">
Section 20.5.3.2, “Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-frequently-asked-questions.html" title="20.10 Frequently Asked Questions">
Section 20.10, “Frequently Asked Questions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-group-membership.html" title="20.1.4.1 Group Membership">
Section 20.1.4.1, “Group Membership”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-system-variables.html" title="20.9.1 Group Replication System Variables">
Section 20.9.1, “Group Replication System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-secure-user.html#group-replication-secure-user-provide" title="20.6.3.1.3 Providing Replication User Credentials Securely">
Section 20.6.3.1.3, “Providing Replication User Credentials Securely”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-restarting-group.html" title="20.5.2 Restarting a Group">
Section 20.5.2, “Restarting a Group”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-secure-socket-layer-support-ssl.html" title="20.6.2 Securing Group Communication Connections with Secure Socket Layer (SSL)">
Section 20.6.2, “Securing Group Communication Connections with Secure Socket Layer (SSL)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stop-group-replication.html" title="15.4.3.2 STOP GROUP_REPLICATION Statement">
Section 15.4.3.2, “STOP GROUP_REPLICATION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-responses-failure-partition.html" title="20.7.7.2 Unreachable Majority Timeout">
Section 20.7.7.2, “Unreachable Majority Timeout”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-upgrading-member.html" title="20.8.3.2 Upgrading a Group Replication Member">
Section 20.8.3.2, “Upgrading a Group Replication Member”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-user-credentials.html" title="20.2.1.3 User Credentials For Distributed Recovery">
Section 20.2.1.3, “User Credentials For Distributed Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
STOP REPLICA
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-howto-additionalslaves.html" title="19.1.2.8 Adding Replicas to a Replication Environment">
Section 19.1.2.8, “Adding Replicas to a Replication Environment”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
Section 15.4.2.2, “CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-status.html" title="19.1.7.1 Checking Replication Status">
Section 19.1.7.1, “Checking Replication Status”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-commands-single-channel.html" title="19.2.2.1 Commands for Operations on a Single Channel">
Section 19.2.2.1, “Commands for Operations on a Single Channel”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="channels-with-prev-replication.html" title="19.2.2.2 Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements">
Section 19.2.2.2, “Compatibility with Previous Replication Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-delayed.html" title="19.4.11 Delayed Replication">
Section 19.4.11, “Delayed Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-mode-change-online-disable-gtids.html" title="19.1.4.3 Disabling GTID Transactions Online">
Section 19.1.4.3, “Disabling GTID Transactions Online”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids-lifecycle.html" title="19.1.3.2 GTID Life Cycle">
Section 19.1.3.2, “GTID Life Cycle”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-semisync-installation.html" title="19.4.10.1 Installing Semisynchronous Replication">
Section 19.4.10.1, “Installing Semisynchronous Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-pausing.html" title="19.1.7.2 Pausing Replication on the Replica">
Section 19.1.7.2, “Pausing Replication on the Replica”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-tables.html" title="29.12.11 Performance Schema Replication Tables">
Section 29.12.11, “Performance Schema Replication Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options.html" title="19.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6, “Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-transaction-inconsistencies.html" title="19.5.1.34 Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies">
Section 19.5.1.34, “Replication and Transaction Inconsistencies”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks.html" title="19.3.3 Replication Privilege Checks">
Section 19.3.3, “Replication Privilege Checks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-binary-logs-and-gtids.html" title="15.4.1.2 RESET BINARY LOGS AND GTIDS Statement">
Section 15.4.1.2, “RESET BINARY LOGS AND GTIDS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reset-replica.html" title="15.4.2.3 RESET REPLICA Statement">
Section 15.4.2.3, “RESET REPLICA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-replica-status.html" title="15.7.7.35 SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.35, “SHOW REPLICA STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stop-group-replication.html" title="15.4.3.2 STOP GROUP_REPLICATION Statement">
Section 15.4.3.2, “STOP GROUP_REPLICATION Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-multi-source-stop-replica.html" title="19.1.5.6 Stopping Multi-Source Replicas">
Section 19.1.5.6, “Stopping Multi-Source Replicas”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-switch.html" title="19.4.8 Switching Sources During Failover">
Section 19.4.8, “Switching Sources During Failover”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-status-by-worker-table.html" title="29.12.11.7 The replication_applier_status_by_worker Table">
Section 29.12.11.7, “The replication_applier_status_by_worker Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rbr-usage.html" title="19.2.1.2 Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication">
Section 19.2.1.2, “Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
STOP REPLICA SQL_THREAD
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="change-replication-filter.html" title="15.4.2.1 CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement">
Section 15.4.2.1, “CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rbr-usage.html" title="19.2.1.2 Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication">
Section 19.2.1.2, “Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-T">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
T
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-select.html" title="15.1.20.4 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.1.20.4, “CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.23, “CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="except.html" title="15.2.4 EXCEPT Clause">
Section 15.2.4, “EXCEPT Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-gipks.html" title="15.1.20.11 Generated Invisible Primary Keys">
Section 15.1.20.11, “Generated Invisible Primary Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-select.html" title="15.2.7.1 INSERT ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.7.1, “INSERT ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="intersect.html" title="15.2.8 INTERSECT Clause">
Section 15.2.8, “INTERSECT Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-list.html" title="26.2.2 LIST Partitioning">
Section 26.2.2, “LIST Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="parenthesized-query-expressions.html" title="15.2.11 Parenthesized Query Expressions">
Section 15.2.11, “Parenthesized Query Expressions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replace.html" title="15.2.12 REPLACE Statement">
Section 15.2.12, “REPLACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
Section 15.2.13.1, “SELECT ... INTO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-operations.html" title="15.2.14 Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT">
Section 15.2.14, “Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subqueries.html" title="15.2.15 Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15, “Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="all-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.4 Subqueries with ALL">
Section 15.2.15.4, “Subqueries with ALL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="any-in-some-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.3 Subqueries with ANY, IN, or SOME">
Section 15.2.15.3, “Subqueries with ANY, IN, or SOME”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="exists-and-not-exists-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.6 Subqueries with EXISTS or NOT EXISTS">
Section 15.2.15.6, “Subqueries with EXISTS or NOT EXISTS”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-errors.html" title="15.2.15.10 Subquery Errors">
Section 15.2.15.10, “Subquery Errors”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table.html" title="15.2.16 TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.16, “TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo-memory-per-fragment.html" title="25.6.17.47 The ndbinfo memory_per_fragment Table">
Section 25.6.17.47, “The ndbinfo memory_per_fragment Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="scalar-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.1 The Subquery as Scalar Operand">
Section 15.2.15.1, “The Subquery as Scalar Operand”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="values.html" title="15.2.19 VALUES Statement">
Section 15.2.19, “VALUES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
TABLE t1
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
TRUNCATE PARTITION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
TRUNCATE TABLE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-online-add-node-remarks.html" title="25.6.7.1 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: General Issues">
Section 25.6.7.1, “Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online: General Issues”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-mgm-client-commands.html" title="25.6.1 Commands in the NDB Cluster Management Client">
Section 25.6.1, “Commands in the NDB Cluster Management Client”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="compressed-format.html" title="18.2.3.3 Compressed Table Characteristics">
Section 18.2.3.3, “Compressed Table Characteristics”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="converting-tables-to-innodb.html" title="17.6.1.5 Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.5, “Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-trigger.html" title="15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.1.22, “CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="delete.html" title="15.2.2 DELETE Statement">
Section 15.2.2, “DELETE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="host-cache.html" title="7.1.12.3 DNS Lookups and the Host Cache">
Section 7.1.12.3, “DNS Lookups and the Host Cache”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-error-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.11 Error Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.11, “Error Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-pre-filtering.html" title="29.4.3 Event Pre-Filtering">
Section 29.4.3, “Event Pre-Filtering”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-usagenotes.html" title="18.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips">
Section 18.8.3, “FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-file-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.7 File I/O Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.7, “File I/O Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-file-per-table-tablespaces.html" title="17.6.3.2 File-Per-Table Tablespaces">
Section 17.6.3.2, “File-Per-Table Tablespaces”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-functions-for-new-primary.html" title="14.18.1.1 Function which Configures Group Replication Primary">
Section 14.18.1.1, “Function which Configures Group Replication Primary”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="handler.html" title="15.2.5 HANDLER Statement">
Section 15.2.5, “HANDLER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-limits.html" title="25.2.7.2 Limits and Differences of NDB Cluster from Standard MySQL Limits">
Section 25.2.7.2, “Limits and Differences of NDB Cluster from Standard MySQL Limits”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-limitations-transactions.html" title="25.2.7.3 Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster">
Section 25.2.7.3, “Limits Relating to Transaction Handling in NDB Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-instance-for-backup.html" title="15.3.5 LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements">
Section 15.3.5, “LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-range-list.html" title="26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions">
Section 26.3.1, “Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-memory-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.10 Memory Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.10, “Memory Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-table-problems.html" title="18.7.2 MERGE Table Problems">
Section 18.7.2, “MERGE Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-delete-all.html" title="25.5.8 ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from an NDB Table">
Section 25.5.8, “ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from an NDB Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-objects-summary-global-by-type-table.html" title="29.12.20.6 Object Wait Summary Table">
Section 29.12.20.6, “Object Wait Summary Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-innodb-ddl-operations.html" title="10.5.7 Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations">
Section 10.5.7, “Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-connection-tables.html" title="29.12.8 Performance Schema Connection Tables">
Section 29.12.8, “Performance Schema Connection Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-table-characteristics.html" title="29.11 Performance Schema General Table Characteristics">
Section 29.11, “Performance Schema General Table Characteristics”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-persisted-variables-table.html" title="29.12.14.1 Performance Schema persisted_variables Table">
Section 29.12.14.1, “Performance Schema persisted_variables Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-status-variable-tables.html" title="29.12.15 Performance Schema Status Variable Tables">
Section 29.12.15, “Performance Schema Status Variable Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20 Performance Schema Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20, “Performance Schema Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-system-variable-tables.html" title="29.12.14 Performance Schema System Variable Tables">
Section 29.12.14, “Performance Schema System Variable Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-user-variable-tables.html" title="29.12.10 Performance Schema User-Defined Variable Tables">
Section 29.12.10, “Performance Schema User-Defined Variable Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-variables-info-table.html" title="29.12.14.2 Performance Schema variables_info Table">
Section 29.12.14.2, “Performance Schema variables_info Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-pitr.html" title="25.7.9.2 Point-In-Time Recovery Using NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.9.2, “Point-In-Time Recovery Using NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-memory.html" title="19.5.1.21 Replication and MEMORY Tables">
Section 19.5.1.21, “Replication and MEMORY Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-truncate.html" title="19.5.1.37 Replication and TRUNCATE TABLE">
Section 19.5.1.37, “Replication and TRUNCATE TABLE”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-socket-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.9 Socket Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.9, “Socket Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-stage-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.2 Stage Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.2, “Stage Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-statement-histogram-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.4 Statement Histogram Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.4, “Statement Histogram Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-statement-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.3 Statement Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.3, “Statement Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-status-variable-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.12 Status Variable Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.12, “Status Variable Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-accounts-table.html" title="29.12.8.1 The accounts Table">
Section 29.12.8.1, “The accounts Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-binary-log-transaction-compression-stats-table.html" title="29.12.11.1 The binary_log_transaction_compression_stats Table">
Section 29.12.11.1, “The binary_log_transaction_compression_stats Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-clone-progress-table.html" title="29.12.19.2 The clone_progress Table">
Section 29.12.19.2, “The clone_progress Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-clone-status-table.html" title="29.12.19.1 The clone_status Table">
Section 29.12.19.1, “The clone_status Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-cond-instances-table.html" title="29.12.3.1 The cond_instances Table">
Section 29.12.3.1, “The cond_instances Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-data-lock-waits-table.html" title="29.12.13.2 The data_lock_waits Table">
Section 29.12.13.2, “The data_lock_waits Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-data-locks-table.html" title="29.12.13.1 The data_locks Table">
Section 29.12.13.1, “The data_locks Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-error-log-table.html" title="29.12.22.2 The error_log Table">
Section 29.12.22.2, “The error_log Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-stages-current-table.html" title="29.12.5.1 The events_stages_current Table">
Section 29.12.5.1, “The events_stages_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-stages-history-table.html" title="29.12.5.2 The events_stages_history Table">
Section 29.12.5.2, “The events_stages_history Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-stages-history-long-table.html" title="29.12.5.3 The events_stages_history_long Table">
Section 29.12.5.3, “The events_stages_history_long Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-statements-current-table.html" title="29.12.6.1 The events_statements_current Table">
Section 29.12.6.1, “The events_statements_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-statements-history-table.html" title="29.12.6.2 The events_statements_history Table">
Section 29.12.6.2, “The events_statements_history Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-statements-history-long-table.html" title="29.12.6.3 The events_statements_history_long Table">
Section 29.12.6.3, “The events_statements_history_long Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-history-table.html" title="29.12.7.2 The events_transactions_history Table">
Section 29.12.7.2, “The events_transactions_history Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-history-long-table.html" title="29.12.7.3 The events_transactions_history_long Table">
Section 29.12.7.3, “The events_transactions_history_long Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-waits-current-table.html" title="29.12.4.1 The events_waits_current Table">
Section 29.12.4.1, “The events_waits_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-waits-history-table.html" title="29.12.4.2 The events_waits_history Table">
Section 29.12.4.2, “The events_waits_history Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-waits-history-long-table.html" title="29.12.4.3 The events_waits_history_long Table">
Section 29.12.4.3, “The events_waits_history_long Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-file-instances-table.html" title="29.12.3.2 The file_instances Table">
Section 29.12.3.2, “The file_instances Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-firewall-group-allowlist-table.html" title="29.12.17.2 The firewall_group_allowlist Table">
Section 29.12.17.2, “The firewall_group_allowlist Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-firewall-groups-table.html" title="29.12.17.1 The firewall_groups Table">
Section 29.12.17.1, “The firewall_groups Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-firewall-membership-table.html" title="29.12.17.3 The firewall_membership Table">
Section 29.12.17.3, “The firewall_membership Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-host-cache-table.html" title="29.12.22.3 The host_cache Table">
Section 29.12.22.3, “The host_cache Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-hosts-table.html" title="29.12.8.2 The hosts Table">
Section 29.12.8.2, “The hosts Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-indexes-table.html" title="28.4.20 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_INDEXES Table">
Section 28.4.20, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_INDEXES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tables-table.html" title="28.4.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table">
Section 28.4.23, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-keyring-component-status-table.html" title="29.12.18.1 The keyring_component_status Table">
Section 29.12.18.1, “The keyring_component_status Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-keyring-keys-table.html" title="29.12.18.2 The keyring_keys table">
Section 29.12.18.2, “The keyring_keys table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-log-status-table.html" title="29.12.22.5 The log_status Table">
Section 29.12.22.5, “The log_status Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-storage-engine.html" title="18.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine">
Section 18.3, “The MEMORY Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-metadata-locks-table.html" title="29.12.13.3 The metadata_locks Table">
Section 29.12.13.3, “The metadata_locks Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-mutex-instances-table.html" title="29.12.3.3 The mutex_instances Table">
Section 29.12.3.3, “The mutex_instances Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-performance-timers-table.html" title="29.12.22.6 The performance_timers Table">
Section 29.12.22.6, “The performance_timers Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-prepared-statements-instances-table.html" title="29.12.6.4 The prepared_statements_instances Table">
Section 29.12.6.4, “The prepared_statements_instances Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-processlist-table.html" title="29.12.22.7 The processlist Table">
Section 29.12.22.7, “The processlist Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sys-ps-truncate-all-tables.html" title="30.4.4.24 The ps_truncate_all_tables() Procedure">
Section 30.4.4.24, “The ps_truncate_all_tables() Procedure”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-configuration-table.html" title="29.12.11.2 The replication_applier_configuration Table">
Section 29.12.11.2, “The replication_applier_configuration Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-status-table.html" title="29.12.11.5 The replication_applier_status Table">
Section 29.12.11.5, “The replication_applier_status Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-asynchronous-connection-failover-table.html" title="29.12.11.8 The replication_asynchronous_connection_failover Table">
Section 29.12.11.8, “The replication_asynchronous_connection_failover Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-asynchronous-connection-failover-managed-table.html" title="29.12.11.9 The replication_asynchronous_connection_failover_managed Table">
Section 29.12.11.9, “The replication_asynchronous_connection_failover_managed Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-connection-configuration-table.html" title="29.12.11.11 The replication_connection_configuration Table">
Section 29.12.11.11, “The replication_connection_configuration Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-group-communication-information-table.html" title="29.12.11.10 The replication_group_communication_information Table">
Section 29.12.11.10, “The replication_group_communication_information Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-group-configuration-version-table.html" title="29.12.11.12 The replication_group_configuration_version Table">
Section 29.12.11.12, “The replication_group_configuration_version Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-group-member-actions-table.html" title="29.12.11.14 The replication_group_member_actions Table">
Section 29.12.11.14, “The replication_group_member_actions Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-group-member-stats-table.html" title="29.12.11.15 The replication_group_member_stats Table">
Section 29.12.11.15, “The replication_group_member_stats Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-replication-group-members-table.html" title="29.12.11.16 The replication_group_members Table">
Section 29.12.11.16, “The replication_group_members Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-rwlock-instances-table.html" title="29.12.3.4 The rwlock_instances Table">
Section 29.12.3.4, “The rwlock_instances Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-session-account-connect-attrs-table.html" title="29.12.9.1 The session_account_connect_attrs Table">
Section 29.12.9.1, “The session_account_connect_attrs Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-session-connect-attrs-table.html" title="29.12.9.2 The session_connect_attrs Table">
Section 29.12.9.2, “The session_connect_attrs Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-setup-actors-table.html" title="29.12.2.1 The setup_actors Table">
Section 29.12.2.1, “The setup_actors Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-setup-consumers-table.html" title="29.12.2.2 The setup_consumers Table">
Section 29.12.2.2, “The setup_consumers Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
Section 29.12.2.3, “The setup_instruments Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-setup-objects-table.html" title="29.12.2.4 The setup_objects Table">
Section 29.12.2.4, “The setup_objects Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-setup-threads-table.html" title="29.12.2.5 The setup_threads Table">
Section 29.12.2.5, “The setup_threads Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-socket-instances-table.html" title="29.12.3.5 The socket_instances Table">
Section 29.12.3.5, “The socket_instances Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-table-handles-table.html" title="29.12.13.4 The table_handles Table">
Section 29.12.13.4, “The table_handles Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-table-wait-summary-tables.html#performance-schema-table-io-waits-summary-by-index-usage-table" title="29.12.20.8.2 The table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage Table">
Section 29.12.20.8.2, “The table_io_waits_summary_by_index_usage Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-table-wait-summary-tables.html#performance-schema-table-io-waits-summary-by-table-table" title="29.12.20.8.1 The table_io_waits_summary_by_table Table">
Section 29.12.20.8.1, “The table_io_waits_summary_by_table Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-table-wait-summary-tables.html#performance-schema-table-lock-waits-summary-by-table-table" title="29.12.20.8.3 The table_lock_waits_summary_by_table Table">
Section 29.12.20.8.3, “The table_lock_waits_summary_by_table Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-threads-table.html" title="29.12.22.8 The threads Table">
Section 29.12.22.8, “The threads Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-tls-channel-status-table.html" title="29.12.22.9 The tls_channel_status Table">
Section 29.12.22.9, “The tls_channel_status Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-tp-thread-group-state-table.html" title="29.12.16.2 The tp_thread_group_state Table">
Section 29.12.16.2, “The tp_thread_group_state Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-tp-thread-group-stats-table.html" title="29.12.16.3 The tp_thread_group_stats Table">
Section 29.12.16.3, “The tp_thread_group_stats Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-tp-thread-state-table.html" title="29.12.16.4 The tp_thread_state Table">
Section 29.12.16.4, “The tp_thread_state Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-user-defined-functions-table.html" title="29.12.22.10 The user_defined_functions Table">
Section 29.12.22.10, “The user_defined_functions Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-users-table.html" title="29.12.8.3 The users Table">
Section 29.12.8.3, “The users Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.5 Transaction Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.5, “Transaction Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.37, “TRUNCATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-wait-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.1 Wait Event Summary Tables">
Section 29.12.20.1, “Wait Event Summary Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filter-definitions.html" title="8.4.5.8 Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions">
Section 8.4.5.8, “Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-U">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
U
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
UNINSTALL COMPONENT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-log-components.html" title="7.5.3 Error Log Components">
Section 7.5.3, “Error Log Components”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="error-log-configuration.html" title="7.4.2.1 Error Log Configuration">
Section 7.4.2.1, “Error Log Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="component-loading.html" title="7.5.1 Installing and Uninstalling Components">
Section 7.5.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Components”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="enterprise-encryption-installation.html" title="8.6.1 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Installation and Upgrading">
Section 8.6.1, “MySQL Enterprise Encryption Installation and Upgrading”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="obtaining-component-information.html" title="7.5.2 Obtaining Component Information">
Section 7.5.2, “Obtaining Component Information”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="validate-password-installation.html" title="8.4.3.1 Password Validation Component Installation and Uninstallation">
Section 8.4.3.1, “Password Validation Component Installation and Uninstallation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="query-attributes.html" title="11.6 Query Attributes">
Section 11.6, “Query Attributes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-api-message-emit.html" title="8.4.6 The Audit Message Component">
Section 8.4.6, “The Audit Message Component”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="uninstall-component.html" title="15.7.4.5 UNINSTALL COMPONENT Statement">
Section 15.7.4.5, “UNINSTALL COMPONENT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
UNINSTALL PLUGIN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html" title="15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support">
Section 15.1.1, “Atomic Data Definition Statement Support”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filtering.html" title="8.4.5.7 Audit Log Filtering">
Section 8.4.5.7, “Audit Log Filtering”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-reference.html" title="8.4.5.11 Audit Log Reference">
Section 8.4.5.11, “Audit Log Reference”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-functions-general-purpose.html" title="8.4.4.12 General-Purpose Keyring Key-Management Functions">
Section 8.4.4.12, “General-Purpose Keyring Key-Management Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="memory-use.html" title="10.12.3.1 How MySQL Uses Memory">
Section 10.12.3.1, “How MySQL Uses Memory”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="install-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.4 INSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
Section 15.7.4.4, “INSTALL PLUGIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="plugin-loading.html" title="7.6.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins">
Section 7.6.1, “Installing and Uninstalling Plugins”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ddl-rewriter-installation.html" title="7.6.5.1 Installing or Uninstalling ddl_rewriter">
Section 7.6.5.1, “Installing or Uninstalling ddl_rewriter”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="version-tokens-installation.html" title="7.6.6.2 Installing or Uninstalling Version Tokens">
Section 7.6.6.2, “Installing or Uninstalling Version Tokens”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ldap-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.7 LDAP Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.7, “LDAP Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-masking-plugin-installation.html" title="8.5.3.1 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Plugin Installation">
Section 8.5.3.1, “MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Plugin Installation”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="no-login-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.9 No-Login Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.9, “No-Login Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="pam-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.5 PAM Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.5, “PAM Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-and-plugins.html" title="29.18 Performance Schema and Plugins">
Section 29.18, “Performance Schema and Plugins”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="pluggable-storage.html" title="18.11.1 Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture">
Section 18.11.1, “Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-plugins.html" title="15.7.7.27 SHOW PLUGINS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.27, “SHOW PLUGINS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="socket-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.10 Socket Peer-Credential Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.10, “Socket Peer-Credential Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="test-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.12 Test Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.12, “Test Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-plugins-table.html" title="28.3.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table">
Section 28.3.22, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="uninstall-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.6 UNINSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
Section 15.7.4.6, “UNINSTALL PLUGIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="keyring-aws-plugin.html" title="8.4.4.7 Using the keyring_aws Amazon Web Services Keyring Plugin">
Section 8.4.4.7, “Using the keyring_aws Amazon Web Services Keyring Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="windows-pluggable-authentication.html" title="8.4.1.6 Windows Pluggable Authentication">
Section 8.4.1.6, “Windows Pluggable Authentication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
UNION
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="string-functions-charset.html" title="14.8.3 Character Set and Collation of Function Results">
Section 14.8.3, “Character Set and Collation of Function Results”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="correlated-subqueries.html" title="15.2.15.7 Correlated Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15.7, “Correlated Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.23, “CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="except.html" title="15.2.4 EXCEPT Clause">
Section 15.2.4, “EXCEPT Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-on-duplicate.html" title="15.2.7.2 INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.7.2, “INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-temporary-tables.html" title="10.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL">
Section 10.4.4, “Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="intersect.html" title="15.2.8 INTERSECT Clause">
Section 15.2.8, “INTERSECT Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="numeric-type-attributes.html" title="13.1.6 Numeric Type Attributes">
Section 13.1.6, “Numeric Type Attributes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="derived-table-optimization.html" title="10.2.2.4 Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions with Merging or Materialization">
Section 10.2.2.4, “Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions
with Merging or Materialization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="semijoins-antijoins.html" title="10.2.2.1 Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin Transformations">
Section 10.2.2.1, “Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin
Transformations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="parenthesized-query-expressions.html" title="15.2.11 Parenthesized Query Expressions">
Section 15.2.11, “Parenthesized Query Expressions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="range-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.2 Range Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.2, “Range Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="searching-on-two-keys.html" title="5.6.7 Searching on Two Keys">
Section 5.6.7, “Searching on Two Keys”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
Section 15.2.13.1, “SELECT ... INTO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.13, “SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-operations.html" title="15.2.14 Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT">
Section 15.2.14, “Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subqueries.html" title="15.2.15 Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15, “Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table.html" title="15.2.16 TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.16, “TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-storage-engine.html" title="18.7 The MERGE Storage Engine">
Section 18.7, “The MERGE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="union.html" title="15.2.18 UNION Clause">
Section 15.2.18, “UNION Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-updatability.html" title="27.5.3 Updatable and Insertable Views">
Section 27.5.3, “Updatable and Insertable Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="values.html" title="15.2.19 VALUES Statement">
Section 15.2.19, “VALUES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-syntax.html" title="27.5.1 View Syntax">
Section 27.5.1, “View Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="with.html" title="15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)">
Section 15.2.20, “WITH (Common Table Expressions)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xml-functions.html" title="14.11 XML Functions">
Section 14.11, “XML Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
UNION ALL
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-temporary-tables.html" title="10.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL">
Section 10.4.4, “Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="derived-table-optimization.html" title="10.2.2.4 Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions with Merging or Materialization">
Section 10.2.2.4, “Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions
with Merging or Materialization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-updatability.html" title="27.5.3 Updatable and Insertable Views">
Section 27.5.3, “Updatable and Insertable Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="with.html" title="15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)">
Section 15.2.20, “WITH (Common Table Expressions)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
UNION DISTINCT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="with.html" title="15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)">
Section 15.2.20, “WITH (Common Table Expressions)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
UNLOCK TABLES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-myisam-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables">
Section 10.6.2, “Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="backup-methods.html" title="9.2 Database Backup Methods">
Section 9.2, “Database Backup Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks-handling.html" title="17.7.5.3 How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks">
Section 17.7.5.3, “How to Minimize and Handle Deadlocks”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-table-import.html" title="17.6.1.3 Importing InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.6.1.3, “Importing InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
Section 15.3.1, “START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="implicit-commit.html" title="15.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit">
Section 15.3.3, “Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
UPDATE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="access-control.html" title="8.2 Access Control and Account Management">
Section 8.2, “Access Control and Account Management”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="request-access.html" title="8.2.7 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification">
Section 8.2.7, “Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="account-categories.html" title="8.2.11 Account Categories">
Section 8.2.11, “Account Categories”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-accounts.html" title="8.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts">
Section 8.2.8, “Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-sbr-rbr.html" title="19.2.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based Replication">
Section 19.2.1.1, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Statement-Based and Row-Based
Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="alter-database.html" title="15.1.2 ALTER DATABASE Statement">
Section 15.1.2, “ALTER DATABASE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="assignment-operators.html" title="14.4.4 Assignment Operators">
Section 14.4.4, “Assignment Operators”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filtering.html" title="8.4.5.7 Audit Log Filtering">
Section 8.4.5.7, “Audit Log Filtering”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-reference.html" title="8.4.5.11 Audit Log Reference">
Section 8.4.5.11, “Audit Log Reference”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-auto-increment-handling.html" title="17.6.1.6 AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.6, “AUTO_INCREMENT Handling in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-best-practices.html" title="17.1.2 Best Practices for InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.1.2, “Best Practices for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-binary-log.html" title="19.1.6.4 Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.4, “Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="built-in-function-reference.html" title="14.1 Built-In Function and Operator Reference">
Section 14.1, “Built-In Function and Operator Reference”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-innodb-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables">
Section 10.5.5, “Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizing-myisam-bulk-data-loading.html" title="10.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables">
Section 10.6.2, “Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-caching.html" title="10.10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs">
Section 10.10.3, “Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-change-buffer.html" title="17.5.2 Change Buffer">
Section 17.5.2, “Change Buffer”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-check-constraints.html" title="15.1.20.6 CHECK Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.6, “CHECK Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="check-table.html" title="15.7.3.2 CHECK TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.2, “CHECK TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-conversion.html" title="12.7 Column Character Set Conversion">
Section 12.7, “Column Character Set Conversion”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-performance-compression-oltp.html" title="17.9.1.6 Compression for OLTP Workloads">
Section 17.9.1.6, “Compression for OLTP Workloads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-page-merge-threshold.html" title="17.8.11 Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages">
Section 17.8.11, “Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-consistent-read.html" title="17.7.2.3 Consistent Nonlocking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.3, “Consistent Nonlocking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="converting-tables-to-innodb.html" title="17.6.1.5 Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB">
Section 17.6.1.5, “Converting Tables from MyISAM to InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-generated-columns.html" title="15.1.20.8 CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.8, “CREATE TABLE and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-temporary-table.html" title="15.1.20.2 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20.2, “CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-trigger.html" title="15.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement">
Section 15.1.22, “CREATE TRIGGER Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.23, “CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-create-connection.html" title="18.8.2.1 Creating a FEDERATED Table Using CONNECTION">
Section 18.8.2.1, “Creating a FEDERATED Table Using CONNECTION”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-type-defaults.html" title="13.6 Data Type Default Values">
Section 13.6, “Data Type Default Values”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="date-and-time-type-syntax.html" title="13.2.1 Date and Time Data Type Syntax">
Section 13.2.1, “Date and Time Data Type Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks.html" title="17.7.5 Deadlocks in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.5, “Deadlocks in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rbr-safe-unsafe.html" title="19.2.1.3 Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging">
Section 19.2.1.3, “Determination of Safe and Unsafe Statements in Binary Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-output.html" title="10.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.2, “EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain.html" title="15.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement">
Section 15.8.2, “EXPLAIN Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-extended.html" title="10.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format">
Section 10.8.3, “Extended EXPLAIN Output Format”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="federated-usagenotes.html" title="18.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips">
Section 18.8.3, “FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="forcing-innodb-recovery.html" title="17.20.3 Forcing InnoDB Recovery">
Section 17.20.3, “Forcing InnoDB Recovery”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-foreign-keys.html" title="15.1.20.5 FOREIGN KEY Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.5, “FOREIGN KEY Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="fulltext-restrictions.html" title="14.9.5 Full-Text Restrictions">
Section 14.9.5, “Full-Text Restrictions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="function-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.20 Function Call Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.20, “Function Call Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="functions.html" title="Chapter 14 Functions and Operators">
Chapter 14,
<i>
Functions and Operators
</i>
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="general-thread-states.html" title="10.14.3 General Thread States">
Section 10.14.3, “General Thread States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant-tables.html" title="8.2.3 Grant Tables">
Section 8.2.3, “Grant Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-importing-data.html" title="25.6.9 Importing Data Into MySQL Cluster">
Section 25.6.9, “Importing Data Into MySQL Cluster”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="index-hints.html" title="10.9.4 Index Hints">
Section 10.9.4, “Index Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-functions.html" title="14.15 Information Functions">
Section 14.15, “Information Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking.html" title="17.7.1 InnoDB Locking">
Section 17.7.1, “InnoDB Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-parameters.html" title="17.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables">
Section 17.14, “InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert-on-duplicate.html" title="15.2.7.2 INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.7.2, “INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules-examples.html" title="19.2.5.3 Interactions Between Replication Filtering Options">
Section 19.2.5.3, “Interactions Between Replication Filtering Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-locking.html" title="10.11.1 Internal Locking Methods">
Section 10.11.1, “Internal Locking Methods”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="internal-temporary-tables.html" title="10.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL">
Section 10.4.4, “Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-introduction.html" title="28.1 Introduction">
Section 28.1, “Introduction”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="join.html" title="15.2.13.2 JOIN Clause">
Section 15.2.13.2, “JOIN Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="json-utility-functions.html" title="14.17.8 JSON Utility Functions">
Section 14.17.8, “JSON Utility Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="kill.html" title="15.7.8.4 KILL Statement">
Section 15.7.8.4, “KILL Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="known-issues.html" title="B.3.7 Known Issues in MySQL">
Section B.3.7, “Known Issues in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-issues.html" title="25.7.3 Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication">
Section 25.7.3, “Known Issues in NDB Cluster Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
Section 15.2.9, “LOAD DATA Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locking-reads.html" title="17.7.2.4 Locking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.4, “Locking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-mysql-database.html" title="7.4.4.4 Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables">
Section 7.4.4.4, “Logging Format for Changes to mysql Database Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="miscellaneous-functions.html" title="14.23 Miscellaneous Functions">
Section 14.23, “Miscellaneous Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="faqs-stored-procs.html" title="A.4 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions">
Section A.4, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-command-options.html" title="6.5.1.1 mysql Client Options">
Section 6.5.1.1, “mysql Client Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-tips.html" title="6.5.1.6 mysql Client Tips">
Section 6.5.1.6, “mysql Client Tips”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="extensions-to-ansi.html" title="1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL">
Section 1.7.1, “MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="glossary.html" title="MySQL Glossary">
MySQL Glossary
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog-row-events.html" title="6.6.9.2 mysqlbinlog Row Event Display">
Section 6.6.9.2, “mysqlbinlog Row Event Display”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html" title="25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects">
Section 25.6.11.1, “NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-replication-conflict-resolution.html" title="25.7.12 NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution">
Section 25.7.12, “NDB Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="explain-for-connection.html" title="10.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection">
Section 10.8.4, “Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-online-ddl-operations.html" title="17.12.1 Online DDL Operations">
Section 17.12.1, “Online DDL Operations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="non-typed-operators.html" title="14.4 Operators">
Section 14.4, “Operators”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="optimizer-hints.html" title="10.9.3 Optimizer Hints">
Section 10.9.3, “Optimizer Hints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="data-change-optimization.html" title="10.2.5 Optimizing Data Change Statements">
Section 10.2.5, “Optimizing Data Change Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="semijoins-antijoins.html" title="10.2.2.1 Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin Transformations">
Section 10.2.2.1, “Optimizing IN and EXISTS Subquery Predicates with Semijoin and Antijoin
Transformations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-explain.html" title="10.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN">
Section 10.8.1, “Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-materialization.html" title="10.2.2.2 Optimizing Subqueries with Materialization">
Section 10.2.2.2, “Optimizing Subqueries with Materialization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subquery-optimization.html" title="10.2.2 Optimizing Subqueries, Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions">
Section 10.2.2, “Optimizing Subqueries, Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table
Expressions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="out-of-range-and-overflow.html" title="13.1.7 Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling">
Section 13.1.7, “Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-overview.html" title="26.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQL">
Section 26.1, “Overview of Partitioning in MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-pruning.html" title="26.4 Partition Pruning">
Section 26.4, “Partition Pruning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-selection.html" title="26.5 Partition Selection">
Section 26.5, “Partition Selection”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="password-logging.html" title="8.1.2.3 Passwords and Logging">
Section 8.1.2.3, “Passwords and Logging”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-thread-filtering.html" title="29.4.6 Pre-Filtering by Thread">
Section 29.4.6, “Pre-Filtering by Thread”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="prepare.html" title="15.5.1 PREPARE Statement">
Section 15.5.1, “PREPARE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="constraint-primary-key.html" title="1.7.3.1 PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE Index Constraints">
Section 1.7.3.1, “PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE Index Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="using-date.html" title="B.3.4.2 Problems Using DATE Columns">
Section B.3.4.2, “Problems Using DATE Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-purge-configuration.html" title="17.8.9 Purge Configuration">
Section 17.8.9, “Purge Configuration”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="range-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.2 Range Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.2, “Range Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-errors.html" title="19.5.1.29 Replica Errors During Replication">
Section 19.5.1.29, “Replica Errors During Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-limit.html" title="19.5.1.18 Replication and LIMIT">
Section 19.5.1.18, “Replication and LIMIT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-row-searches.html" title="19.5.1.27 Replication and Row Searches">
Section 19.5.1.27, “Replication and Row Searches”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-optimizer.html" title="19.5.1.23 Replication and the Query Optimizer">
Section 19.5.1.23, “Replication and the Query Optimizer”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-features-triggers.html" title="19.5.1.36 Replication and Triggers">
Section 19.5.1.36, “Replication and Triggers”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations.html" title="26.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning">
Section 26.6, “Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-secondary-indexes.html" title="15.1.20.9 Secondary Indexes and Generated Columns">
Section 15.1.20.9, “Secondary Indexes and Generated Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="selecting-all.html" title="5.3.4.1 Selecting All Data">
Section 5.3.4.1, “Selecting All Data”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="log-destinations.html" title="7.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations">
Section 7.4.1, “Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-status-variables.html" title="7.1.10 Server Status Variables">
Section 7.1.10, “Server Status Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-table-status.html" title="15.7.7.38 SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.38, “SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="show-warnings.html" title="15.7.7.42 SHOW WARNINGS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.42, “SHOW WARNINGS Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="spatial-index-optimization.html" title="10.3.3 SPATIAL Index Optimization">
Section 10.3.3, “SPATIAL Index Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subqueries.html" title="15.2.15 Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15, “Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table-locking.html" title="10.11.2 Table Locking Issues">
Section 10.11.2, “Table Locking Issues”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="archive-storage-engine.html" title="18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine">
Section 18.5, “The ARCHIVE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="charset-binary-collations.html" title="12.8.5 The binary Collation Compared to _bin Collations">
Section 12.8.5, “The binary Collation Compared to _bin Collations”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="blackhole-storage-engine.html" title="18.6 The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine">
Section 18.6, “The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-innodb-tablestats-table.html" title="28.4.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESTATS View">
Section 28.4.26, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESTATS View”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-tables-table.html" title="28.3.38 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table">
Section 28.3.38, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-views-table.html" title="28.3.47 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table">
Section 28.3.47, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="json.html" title="13.5 The JSON Data Type">
Section 13.5, “The JSON Data Type”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="features.html" title="1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQL">
Section 1.2.2, “The Main Features of MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="merge-storage-engine.html" title="18.7 The MERGE Storage Engine">
Section 18.7, “The MERGE Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="myisam-storage-engine.html" title="18.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine">
Section 18.2, “The MyISAM Storage Engine”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin.html" title="7.6.4 The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4, “The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-shutdown.html" title="7.1.19 The Server Shutdown Process">
Section 7.1.19, “The Server Shutdown Process”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sys-sys-config-update-set-user.html" title="30.4.2.3 The sys_config_update_set_user Trigger">
Section 30.4.2.3, “The sys_config_update_set_user Trigger”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="traceable-statements.html" title="10.15.3 Traceable Statements">
Section 10.15.3, “Traceable Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-transaction-isolation-levels.html" title="17.7.2.1 Transaction Isolation Levels">
Section 17.7.2.1, “Transaction Isolation Levels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="trigger-syntax.html" title="27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples">
Section 27.3.1, “Trigger Syntax and Examples”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="problems-connecting.html" title="8.2.22 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL">
Section 8.2.22, “Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-undo-logs.html" title="17.6.6 Undo Logs">
Section 17.6.6, “Undo Logs”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="view-updatability.html" title="27.5.3 Updatable and Insertable Views">
Section 27.5.3, “Updatable and Insertable Views”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="ansi-diff-update.html" title="1.7.2.2 UPDATE Differences">
Section 1.7.2.2, “UPDATE Differences”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.17, “UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rbr-usage.html" title="19.2.1.2 Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication">
Section 19.2.1.2, “Usage of Row-Based Logging and Replication”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="rewriter-query-rewrite-plugin-usage.html" title="7.6.4.2 Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin">
Section 7.6.4.2, “Using the Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-nutshell.html" title="1.4 What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0">
Section 1.4, “What Is New in MySQL 8.4 since MySQL 8.0”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privilege-changes.html" title="8.2.13 When Privilege Changes Take Effect">
Section 8.2.13, “When Privilege Changes Take Effect”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="where-optimization.html" title="10.2.1.1 WHERE Clause Optimization">
Section 10.2.1.1, “WHERE Clause Optimization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="window-function-restrictions.html" title="14.20.5 Window Function Restrictions">
Section 14.20.5, “Window Function Restrictions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="with.html" title="15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)">
Section 15.2.20, “WITH (Common Table Expressions)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="audit-log-filter-definitions.html" title="8.4.5.8 Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions">
Section 8.4.5.8, “Writing Audit Log Filter Definitions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
UPDATE ... ()
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-consistent-read.html" title="17.7.2.3 Consistent Nonlocking Reads">
Section 17.7.2.3, “Consistent Nonlocking Reads”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
UPDATE ... WHERE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-deadlocks.html" title="17.7.5 Deadlocks in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.5, “Deadlocks in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
UPDATE ... WHERE ...
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-locks-set.html" title="17.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB">
Section 17.7.3, “Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDB”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
UPDATE IGNORE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-check-constraints.html" title="15.1.20.6 CHECK Constraints">
Section 15.1.20.6, “CHECK Constraints”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="sql-mode.html" title="7.1.11 Server SQL Modes">
Section 7.1.11, “Server SQL Modes”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.17, “UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
USE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-binary-log.html" title="19.1.6.4 Binary Logging Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.4, “Binary Logging Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-configuring-consistency-guarantees.html" title="20.5.3.2 Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees">
Section 20.5.3.2, “Configuring Transaction Consistency Guarantees”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump-copying-to-other-server.html" title="9.4.5.2 Copy a Database from one Server to Another">
Section 9.4.5.2, “Copy a Database from one Server to Another”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-procedure.html" title="15.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements">
Section 15.1.17, “CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="creating-database.html" title="5.3.1 Creating and Selecting a Database">
Section 5.3.1, “Creating and Selecting a Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="database-use.html" title="5.3 Creating and Using a Database">
Section 5.3, “Creating and Using a Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump-sql-format.html" title="9.4.1 Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump">
Section 9.4.1, “Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules-db-options.html" title="19.2.5.1 Evaluation of Database-Level Replication and Binary Logging Options">
Section 19.2.5.1, “Evaluation of Database-Level Replication and Binary Logging Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-rules-examples.html" title="19.2.5.3 Interactions Between Replication Filtering Options">
Section 19.2.5.3, “Interactions Between Replication Filtering Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-introduction.html" title="28.1 Introduction">
Section 28.1, “Introduction”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-command-options.html" title="6.5.1.1 mysql Client Options">
Section 6.5.1.1, “mysql Client Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo.html" title="25.6.17 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database">
Section 25.6.17, “ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="reloading-sql-format-dumps.html" title="9.4.2 Reloading SQL-Format Backups">
Section 9.4.2, “Reloading SQL-Format Backups”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replication-options-replica.html" title="19.1.6.3 Replica Server Options and Variables">
Section 19.1.6.3, “Replica Server Options and Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="stored-routines-syntax.html" title="27.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax">
Section 27.2.1, “Stored Routine Syntax”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="use.html" title="15.8.4 USE Statement">
Section 15.8.4, “USE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
USE db2
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
USE db_name
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysql-command-options.html" title="6.5.1.1 mysql Client Options">
Section 6.5.1.1, “mysql Client Options”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
USE test
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
Section 6.6.9, “mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-V">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
V
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
VALUES
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-table-select.html" title="15.1.20.4 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement">
Section 15.1.20.4, “CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
Section 15.1.23, “CREATE VIEW Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="except.html" title="15.2.4 EXCEPT Clause">
Section 15.2.4, “EXCEPT Clause”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="parenthesized-query-expressions.html" title="15.2.11 Parenthesized Query Expressions">
Section 15.2.11, “Parenthesized Query Expressions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
Section 15.2.13.1, “SELECT ... INTO Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-operations.html" title="15.2.14 Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT">
Section 15.2.14, “Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="subqueries.html" title="15.2.15 Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15, “Subqueries”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="table.html" title="15.2.16 TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.16, “TABLE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="values.html" title="15.2.19 VALUES Statement">
Section 15.2.19, “VALUES Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
VALUES ROW()
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
Section 15.2.7, “INSERT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="invisible-columns.html" title="15.1.20.10 Invisible Columns">
Section 15.1.20.10, “Invisible Columns”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="replace.html" title="15.2.12 REPLACE Statement">
Section 15.2.12, “REPLACE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-W">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
W
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
WHERE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="innodb-benefits.html" title="17.1.1 Benefits of Using InnoDB Tables">
Section 17.1.1, “Benefits of Using InnoDB Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
WHILE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="flow-control-statements.html" title="15.6.5 Flow Control Statements">
Section 15.6.5, “Flow Control Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="iterate.html" title="15.6.5.3 ITERATE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.3, “ITERATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="leave.html" title="15.6.5.4 LEAVE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.4, “LEAVE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="statement-labels.html" title="15.6.2 Statement Labels">
Section 15.6.2, “Statement Labels”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="while.html" title="15.6.5.8 WHILE Statement">
Section 15.6.5.8, “WHILE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
WITH
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="delete.html" title="15.2.2 DELETE Statement">
Section 15.2.2, “DELETE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="derived-table-optimization.html" title="10.2.2.4 Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions with Merging or Materialization">
Section 10.2.2.4, “Optimizing Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions
with Merging or Materialization”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.13, “SELECT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="set-operations.html" title="15.2.14 Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT">
Section 15.2.14, “Set Operations with UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="temporary-table-problems.html" title="B.3.6.2 TEMPORARY Table Problems">
Section B.3.6.2, “TEMPORARY Table Problems”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
Section 15.2.17, “UPDATE Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="with.html" title="15.2.20 WITH (Common Table Expressions)">
Section 15.2.20, “WITH (Common Table Expressions)”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<a name="stmt-index-X">
</a>
<h3 class="title">
X
</h3>
<p>
[
<a class="link" href="dynindex-statement.html#stmt-index-top">
index top
</a>
]
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
XA BEGIN
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
XA COMMIT
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="metadata-locking.html" title="10.11.4 Metadata Locking">
Section 10.11.4, “Metadata Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrade-binary-package.html" title="3.7 Upgrading MySQL Binary or Package-based Installations on Unix/Linux">
Section 3.7, “Upgrading MySQL Binary or Package-based Installations on Unix/Linux”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-states.html" title="15.3.8.2 XA Transaction States">
Section 15.3.8.2, “XA Transaction States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
XA COMMIT ... ONE PHASE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-restrictions.html" title="15.3.8.3 Restrictions on XA Transactions">
Section 15.3.8.3, “Restrictions on XA Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
XA END
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-restrictions.html" title="15.3.8.3 Restrictions on XA Transactions">
Section 15.3.8.3, “Restrictions on XA Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-statements.html" title="15.3.8.1 XA Transaction SQL Statements">
Section 15.3.8.1, “XA Transaction SQL Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-states.html" title="15.3.8.2 XA Transaction States">
Section 15.3.8.2, “XA Transaction States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
XA PREPARE
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-requirements.html" title="20.3.1 Group Replication Requirements">
Section 20.3.1, “Group Replication Requirements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-states.html" title="15.3.8.2 XA Transaction States">
Section 15.3.8.2, “XA Transaction States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
XA RECOVER
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
Section 15.7.1.6, “GRANT Statement”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-requirements.html" title="20.3.1 Group Replication Requirements">
Section 20.3.1, “Group Replication Requirements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="privileges-provided.html" title="8.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQL">
Section 8.2.2, “Privileges Provided by MySQL”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-restrictions.html" title="15.3.8.3 Restrictions on XA Transactions">
Section 15.3.8.3, “Restrictions on XA Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrade-binary-package.html" title="3.7 Upgrading MySQL Binary or Package-based Installations on Unix/Linux">
Section 3.7, “Upgrading MySQL Binary or Package-based Installations on Unix/Linux”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-statements.html" title="15.3.8.1 XA Transaction SQL Statements">
Section 15.3.8.1, “XA Transaction SQL Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-states.html" title="15.3.8.2 XA Transaction States">
Section 15.3.8.2, “XA Transaction States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
XA ROLLBACK
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="metadata-locking.html" title="10.11.4 Metadata Locking">
Section 10.11.4, “Metadata Locking”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="upgrade-binary-package.html" title="3.7 Upgrading MySQL Binary or Package-based Installations on Unix/Linux">
Section 3.7, “Upgrading MySQL Binary or Package-based Installations on Unix/Linux”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-states.html" title="15.3.8.2 XA Transaction States">
Section 15.3.8.2, “XA Transaction States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
XA START
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-transaction-tables.html" title="29.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables">
Section 29.12.7, “Performance Schema Transaction Tables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-restrictions.html" title="15.3.8.3 Restrictions on XA Transactions">
Section 15.3.8.3, “Restrictions on XA Transactions”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-events-transactions-current-table.html" title="29.12.7.1 The events_transactions_current Table">
Section 29.12.7.1, “The events_transactions_current Table”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-statements.html" title="15.3.8.1 XA Transaction SQL Statements">
Section 15.3.8.1, “XA Transaction SQL Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-states.html" title="15.3.8.2 XA Transaction States">
Section 15.3.8.2, “XA Transaction States”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="indexdiv">
<h3 class="title">
XA START xid
</h3>
<dl>
<dt>
<a class="xref" href="xa-statements.html" title="15.3.8.1 XA Transaction SQL Statements">
Section 15.3.8.1, “XA Transaction SQL Statements”
</a>
</dt>
<dd>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/myisam-storage-engine.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="myisam-storage-engine">
</a>
18.2 The MyISAM Storage Engine
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="myisam-start.html">
18.2.1 MyISAM Startup Options
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="key-space.html">
18.2.2 Space Needed for Keys
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="myisam-table-formats.html">
18.2.3 MyISAM Table Storage Formats
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="myisam-table-problems.html">
18.2.4 MyISAM Table Problems
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045148481424">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045148480384">
</a>
<p>
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
is based on the older (and no longer
available)
<code class="literal">
ISAM
</code>
storage engine but has many
useful extensions.
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="idm46045148477008">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Table 18.2 MyISAM Storage Engine Features
</b>
</p>
<div class="table-contents">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Features supported by the MyISAM storage engine.">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 60%"/>
<col style="width: 40%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
Feature
</th>
<th>
Support
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
B-tree indexes
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Backup/point-in-time recovery
</strong>
</span>
(Implemented in the server, rather than in the storage engine.)
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Cluster database support
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Clustered indexes
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Compressed data
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes (Compressed MyISAM tables are supported only when using the compressed row format. Tables using the compressed row format with MyISAM are read only.)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Data caches
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Encrypted data
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes (Implemented in the server via encryption functions.)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Foreign key support
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Full-text search indexes
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Geospatial data type support
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Geospatial indexing support
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Hash indexes
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Index caches
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Locking granularity
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Table
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
MVCC
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Replication support
</strong>
</span>
(Implemented in the server, rather than in the storage engine.)
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Storage limits
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
256TB
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
T-tree indexes
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Transactions
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Update statistics for data dictionary
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="table-contents">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="position: fixed; top: 0px; display: none; left: 401px; width: 739px;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="width: 442.797px;">
Feature
</th>
<th style="width: 295.203px;">
Support
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"/>
<p>
Each
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
table is stored on disk in two files.
The files have names that begin with the table name and have an
extension to indicate the file type. The data file has an
<code class="filename">
.MYD
</code>
(
<code class="literal">
MYData
</code>
) extension. The
index file has an
<code class="filename">
.MYI
</code>
(
<code class="literal">
MYIndex
</code>
) extension. The table definition is
stored in the MySQL data dictionary.
</p>
<p>
To specify explicitly that you want a
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
table, indicate that with an
<code class="literal">
ENGINE
</code>
table option:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa49421776"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> t <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token datatype">INT</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> MYISAM<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
In MySQL 8.4, it is normally necessary to use
<code class="literal">
ENGINE
</code>
to specify the
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
storage engine because
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
is the default
engine.
</p>
<p>
You can check or repair
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables with the
<a class="link" href="mysqlcheck.html" title="6.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlcheck
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client or
<a class="link" href="myisamchk.html" title="6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility">
<span class="command">
<strong>
myisamchk
</strong>
</span>
</a>
utility. You can also compress
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables with
<a class="link" href="myisampack.html" title="6.6.6 myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables">
<span class="command">
<strong>
myisampack
</strong>
</span>
</a>
to take up much less space. See
<a class="xref" href="mysqlcheck.html" title="6.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program">
Section 6.5.3, “mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program”
</a>
,
<a class="xref" href="myisamchk.html" title="6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility">
Section 6.6.4, “myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="myisampack.html" title="6.6.6 myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables">
Section 6.6.6, “myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
In MySQL 8.4, the
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
storage
engine provides no partitioning support.
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Partitioned
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables created in previous versions of
MySQL cannot be used in MySQL 8.4
</em>
</span>
. For more
information, see
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-limitations-storage-engines.html" title="26.6.2 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines">
Section 26.6.2, “Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines”
</a>
. For help
with upgrading such tables so that they can be used in MySQL
8.4, see
<a class="xref" href="upgrading-from-previous-series.html" title="3.5 Changes in MySQL 8.4">
Section 3.5, “Changes in MySQL 8.4”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables have the following characteristics:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
All data values are stored with the low byte first. This makes
the data machine and operating system independent. The only
requirements for binary portability are that the machine uses
two's-complement signed integers and IEEE floating-point format.
These requirements are widely used among mainstream machines.
Binary compatibility might not be applicable to embedded
systems, which sometimes have peculiar processors.
</p>
<p>
There is no significant speed penalty for storing data low byte
first; the bytes in a table row normally are unaligned and it
takes little more processing to read an unaligned byte in order
than in reverse order. Also, the code in the server that fetches
column values is not time critical compared to other code.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
All numeric key values are stored with the high byte first to
permit better index compression.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Large files (up to 63-bit file length) are supported on file
systems and operating systems that support large files.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
There is a limit of
(2
<sup>
32
</sup>
)
<sup>
2
</sup>
(1.844E+19) rows in a
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
table.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The maximum number of indexes per
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
table is 64.
</p>
<p>
The maximum number of columns per index is 16.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The maximum key length is 1000 bytes. This can also be changed
by changing the source and recompiling. For the case of a key
longer than 250 bytes, a larger key block size than the default
of 1024 bytes is used.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When rows are inserted in sorted order (as when you are using an
<code class="literal">
AUTO_INCREMENT
</code>
column), the index tree is
split so that the high node only contains one key. This improves
space utilization in the index tree.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Internal handling of one
<code class="literal">
AUTO_INCREMENT
</code>
column per table is supported.
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
automatically updates this column for
<a class="link" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSERT
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
</code>
</a>
operations. This makes
<code class="literal">
AUTO_INCREMENT
</code>
columns faster (at least 10%).
Values at the top of the sequence are not reused after being
deleted. (When an
<code class="literal">
AUTO_INCREMENT
</code>
column is
defined as the last column of a multiple-column index, reuse of
values deleted from the top of a sequence does occur.) The
<code class="literal">
AUTO_INCREMENT
</code>
value can be reset with
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="myisamchk.html" title="6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility">
<span class="command">
<strong>
myisamchk
</strong>
</span>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Dynamic-sized rows are much less fragmented when mixing deletes
with updates and inserts. This is done by automatically
combining adjacent deleted blocks and by extending blocks if the
next block is deleted.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
supports concurrent inserts: If a
table has no free blocks in the middle of the data file, you can
<a class="link" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSERT
</code>
</a>
new rows into it at the
same time that other threads are reading from the table. A free
block can occur as a result of deleting rows or an update of a
dynamic length row with more data than its current contents.
When all free blocks are used up (filled in), future inserts
become concurrent again. See
<a class="xref" href="concurrent-inserts.html" title="10.11.3 Concurrent Inserts">
Section 10.11.3, “Concurrent Inserts”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
You can put the data file and index file in different
directories on different physical devices to get more speed with
the
<code class="literal">
DATA DIRECTORY
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
INDEX
DIRECTORY
</code>
table options to
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
TABLE
</code>
</a>
. See
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
BLOB
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
TEXT
</code>
</a>
columns can be indexed.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
NULL
</code>
values are permitted in indexed columns.
This takes 0 to 1 bytes per key.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Each character column can have a different character set. See
<a class="xref" href="charset.html" title="Chapter 12 Character Sets, Collations, Unicode">
Chapter 12,
<i>
Character Sets, Collations, Unicode
</i>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
There is a flag in the
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
index file that
indicates whether the table was closed correctly. If
<a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="6.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqld
</strong>
</span>
</a>
is started with the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_myisam_recover_options">
<code class="literal">
myisam_recover_options
</code>
</a>
system
variable set,
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables are automatically
checked when opened, and are repaired if the table wasn't closed
properly.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="myisamchk.html" title="6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility">
<span class="command">
<strong>
myisamchk
</strong>
</span>
</a>
marks tables as checked if you run
it with the
<a class="link" href="myisamchk-check-options.html#option_myisamchk_update-state">
<code class="option">
--update-state
</code>
</a>
option.
<a class="link" href="myisamchk.html" title="6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility">
<span class="command">
<strong>
myisamchk --fast
</strong>
</span>
</a>
checks only those
tables that don't have this mark.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="myisamchk.html" title="6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility">
<span class="command">
<strong>
myisamchk --analyze
</strong>
</span>
</a>
stores statistics for
portions of keys, as well as for entire keys.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="myisampack.html" title="6.6.6 myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables">
<span class="command">
<strong>
myisampack
</strong>
</span>
</a>
can pack
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
BLOB
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="char.html" title="13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types">
<code class="literal">
VARCHAR
</code>
</a>
columns.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
also supports the following features:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Support for a true
<a class="link" href="char.html" title="13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types">
<code class="literal">
VARCHAR
</code>
</a>
type;
a
<a class="link" href="char.html" title="13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types">
<code class="literal">
VARCHAR
</code>
</a>
column starts with a
length stored in one or two bytes.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Tables with
<a class="link" href="char.html" title="13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types">
<code class="literal">
VARCHAR
</code>
</a>
columns may
have fixed or dynamic row length.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The sum of the lengths of the
<a class="link" href="char.html" title="13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types">
<code class="literal">
VARCHAR
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="char.html" title="13.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR Types">
<code class="literal">
CHAR
</code>
</a>
columns in a table may be up
to 64KB.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Arbitrary length
<code class="literal">
UNIQUE
</code>
constraints.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h3>
<a name="idm46045148335360">
</a>
Additional Resources
</h3>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
A forum dedicated to the
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
storage
engine is available at
<a class="ulink" href="https://forums.mysql.com/list.php?21" target="_blank">
https://forums.mysql.com/list.php?21
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/group-replication-requirements.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="group-replication-requirements">
</a>
20.3.1 Group Replication Requirements
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-requirements.html#group-replication-infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">
Infrastructure
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="group-replication-requirements.html#group-replication-configuration" title="Server Instance Configuration">
Server Instance Configuration
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045133918768">
</a>
<p>
Server instances that you want to use for Group Replication must
satisfy the following requirements.
</p>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="group-replication-infrastructure">
</a>
Infrastructure
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
InnoDB Storage Engine.
</b>
Data must be stored in the
<a class="link" href="innodb-storage-engine.html" title="Chapter 17 The InnoDB Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
</a>
transactional storage
engine. Transactions are executed optimistically and then,
at commit time, are checked for conflicts. If there are
conflicts, in order to maintain consistency across the
group, some transactions are rolled back. This means that
a transactional storage engine is required. Moreover,
<a class="link" href="innodb-storage-engine.html" title="Chapter 17 The InnoDB Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
</a>
provides some
additional functionality that enables better management
and handling of conflicts when operating together with
Group Replication. The use of other storage engines,
including the temporary
<a class="link" href="memory-storage-engine.html" title="18.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
MEMORY
</code>
</a>
storage engine, might
cause errors in Group Replication. Convert any tables in
other storage engines to use
<a class="link" href="innodb-storage-engine.html" title="Chapter 17 The InnoDB Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
</a>
before using the
instance with Group Replication. You can prevent the use
of other storage engines by setting the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_disabled_storage_engines">
<code class="literal">
disabled_storage_engines
</code>
</a>
system variable on group members, for example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-ini"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa68254029"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-ini"><span class="token constant">disabled_storage_engines</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>"MyISAM,BLACKHOLE,FEDERATED,ARCHIVE,MEMORY"</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Primary Keys.
</b>
Every table that is to be replicated by the group must
have a defined primary key, or primary key equivalent
where the equivalent is a non-null unique key. Such keys
are required as a unique identifier for every row within a
table, enabling the system to determine which transactions
conflict by identifying exactly which rows each
transaction has modified. Group Replication has its own
built-in set of checks for primary keys or primary key
equivalents, and does not use the checks carried out by
the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_sql_require_primary_key">
<code class="literal">
sql_require_primary_key
</code>
</a>
system variable. You may set
<code class="literal">
sql_require_primary_key=ON
</code>
for a server
instance where Group Replication is running, and you may
set the
<code class="literal">
REQUIRE_TABLE_PRIMARY_KEY_CHECK
</code>
option of the
<a class="link" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHANGE REPLICATION
SOURCE TO
</code>
</a>
statement to
<code class="literal">
ON
</code>
for a Group Replication channel.
However, be aware that you might find some transactions
that are permitted under Group Replication's built-in
checks are not permitted under the checks carried out when
you set
<code class="literal">
sql_require_primary_key=ON
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
REQUIRE_TABLE_PRIMARY_KEY_CHECK=ON
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Network Performance.
</b>
MySQL Group Replication is designed to be deployed in a
cluster environment where server instances are very close
to each other. The performance and stability of a group
can be impacted by both network latency and network
bandwidth. Bi-directional communication must be maintained
at all times between all group members. If either inbound
or outbound communication is blocked for a server instance
(for example, by a firewall, or by connectivity issues),
the member cannot function in the group, and the group
members (including the member with issues) might not be
able to report the correct member status for the affected
server instance.
</p>
<p>
You can use a network infrastructure based on IPv4, IPv6, or
a mix of the two, for TCP communication between remote Group
Replication servers. There is also nothing preventing Group
Replication from operating over a virtual private network
(VPN).
</p>
<p>
Where Group Replication server instances are co-located and
share a local group communication engine (XCom) instance, a
dedicated input channel with lower overhead is used for
communication where possible instead of the TCP socket. For
certain Group Replication tasks that require communication
between remote XCom instances, such as joining a group, the
TCP network is still used, so network performance influences
the group's performance.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="group-replication-configuration">
</a>
Server Instance Configuration
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The following options must be configured as shown on server
instances that are members of a group.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Unique Server Identifier.
</b>
Use the
<a class="link" href="replication-options.html#sysvar_server_id">
<code class="literal">
server_id
</code>
</a>
system
variable to configure the server with a unique server ID,
as required for all servers in replication topologies. The
server ID must be a positive integer between 1 and
(2
<sup>
32
</sup>
)−1, and it must be
different from every other server ID in use by any other
server in the replication topology.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Binary Log Active.
</b>
In MySQL 8.4, binary logging is enabled by
default. You can optionally specify the names of the
binary log files using
<a class="link" href="replication-options-binary-log.html#sysvar_log_bin">
<code class="literal">
--log-bin[=log_file_name]
</code>
</a>
.
Group Replication replicates the binary log's contents,
therefore the binary log needs to be on for it to operate.
See
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Replica Updates Logged.
</b>
Set
<a class="link" href="replication-options-binary-log.html#sysvar_log_replica_updates">
<code class="literal">
log_replica_updates=ON
</code>
</a>
if
it is not already enabled. (In MySQL 8.4,
this is the default.) Group members need to log
transactions that are received from their donors at
joining time and applied through the replication applier,
and to log all transactions that they receive and apply
from the group. This enables Group Replication to carry
out distributed recovery by state transfer from an
existing group member's binary log.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Binary Log Row Format.
</b>
Set
<a class="link" href="replication-options-binary-log.html#sysvar_binlog_format">
<code class="literal">
binlog_format=ROW
</code>
</a>
if
necessary; in MySQL 8.4, this is the default.
Group Replication relies on the row-based replication
format to propagate changes consistently among the servers
in the group, and extract the necessary information to
detect conflicts among transactions that execute
concurrently in different servers in the group. The
setting for
<code class="literal">
REQUIRE_ROW_FORMAT
</code>
is
automatically added to Group Replication's channels to
enforce the use of row-based replication when the
transactions are applied. See
<a class="xref" href="replication-formats.html" title="19.2.1 Replication Formats">
Section 19.2.1, “Replication Formats”
</a>
and
<a class="xref" href="replication-privilege-checks.html" title="19.3.3 Replication Privilege Checks">
Section 19.3.3, “Replication Privilege Checks”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Global Transaction Identifiers On.
</b>
Set
<a class="link" href="replication-options-gtids.html#sysvar_gtid_mode">
<code class="literal">
gtid_mode=ON
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="replication-options-gtids.html#sysvar_enforce_gtid_consistency">
<code class="literal">
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
</code>
</a>
.
These settings are not the defaults. GTID-based
replication is required for Group Replication, which uses
global transaction identifiers to track the transactions
that have been committed on every server instance in the
group. See
<a class="xref" href="replication-gtids.html" title="19.1.3 Replication with Global Transaction Identifiers">
Section 19.1.3, “Replication with Global Transaction Identifiers”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Default Table Encryption.
</b>
Set
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_table_encryption">
<code class="literal">
default_table_encryption
</code>
</a>
to the same value on all group members. Default schema and
tablespace encryption can be either enabled
(
<code class="literal">
ON
</code>
) or disabled
(
<code class="literal">
OFF
</code>
, the default) as long as the
setting is the same on all members.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Lower Case Table Names.
</b>
Set
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_lower_case_table_names">
<code class="literal">
lower_case_table_names
</code>
</a>
to
the same value on all group members. A setting of 1 is
correct for the use of the
<a class="link" href="innodb-storage-engine.html" title="Chapter 17 The InnoDB Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
</a>
storage engine, which
is required for Group Replication. Note that this setting
is not the default on all platforms.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Multithreaded Appliers.
</b>
Group Replication members can be configured as
multithreaded replicas, enabling transactions to be
applied in parallel. All replicas are configured as
multithreaded by default. A nonzero value for
<a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_parallel_workers">
<code class="literal">
replica_parallel_workers
</code>
</a>
enables the multithreaded applier on the member. The
default is 4 parallel applier threads; up to 1024 parallel
applier threads can be specified.
</p>
<p>
Setting
<a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_parallel_workers">
<code class="literal">
replica_parallel_workers=0
</code>
</a>
disables parallel execution and gives the replica a single
applier thread and no coordinator thread. With that setting,
the
<a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_parallel_type">
<code class="literal">
replica_parallel_type
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_preserve_commit_order">
<code class="literal">
replica_preserve_commit_order
</code>
</a>
options have no effect and are ignored. If parallel
execution is disabled when GTIDs are in use on a replica,
the replica actually uses one parallel worker, to take
advantage of the method for retrying transactions without
accessing the file positions. However, this behavior does
not change anything for the user.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<b>
Detached XA transactions.
</b>
MySQL 8.4 and later supports detached XA
transactions. A detached transaction is one which, once
prepared, is no longer connected to the current session.
This happens automatically as part of executing
<a class="link" href="xa-statements.html" title="15.3.8.1 XA Transaction SQL Statements">
<code class="literal">
XA
PREPARE
</code>
</a>
. The prepared XA transaction can be
committed or rolled back by another connection, and the
current session can then initiate another XA transaction
or local transaction without waiting for the transaction
that was just prepared to complete.
</p>
<p>
When detached XA transaction support is enabled
(
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_xa_detach_on_prepare">
<code class="literal">
xa_detach_on_prepare = ON
</code>
</a>
)
it is possible for any connection to this server to list
(using
<a class="link" href="xa-statements.html" title="15.3.8.1 XA Transaction SQL Statements">
<code class="literal">
XA
RECOVER
</code>
</a>
), roll back, or commit any prepared XA
transaction. In addition, you cannot use temporary tables
within detached XA transactions.
</p>
<p>
You can disable support for detached XA transactions by
setting
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_xa_detach_on_prepare">
<code class="literal">
xa_detach_on_prepare
</code>
</a>
to
<code class="literal">
OFF
</code>
, but this is not recommended. In
particular, if this server is being set up as an instance in
MySQL group replication, you should leave this variable set
to its default value (
<code class="literal">
ON
</code>
).
</p>
<p>
See
<a class="xref" href="xa-states.html" title="15.3.8.2 XA Transaction States">
Section 15.3.8.2, “XA Transaction States”
</a>
, for more information.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/daemon-keyring-proxy-plugin.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="daemon-keyring-proxy-plugin">
</a>
7.6.8 The Keyring Proxy Bridge Plugin
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045254529664">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045254528576">
</a>
<p>
MySQL Keyring originally implemented keystore capabilities using
server plugins, but began transitioning to use the component
infrastructure in MySQL 8.0. The transition includes revising the
underlying implementation of keyring plugins to use the component
infrastructure. This is facilitated using the plugin named
<code class="literal">
daemon_keyring_proxy_plugin
</code>
that acts as a
bridge between the plugin and component service APIs, and enables
keyring plugins to continue to be used with no change to
user-visible characteristics.
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
daemon_keyring_proxy_plugin
</code>
is built in and
nothing need be done to install or enable it.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/charset-unicode-utf16.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="charset-unicode-utf16">
</a>
12.9.5 The utf16 Character Set (UTF-16 Unicode Encoding)
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045216583616">
</a>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
utf16
</code>
character set is the
<code class="literal">
ucs2
</code>
character set with an extension that
enables encoding of supplementary characters:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For a BMP character,
<code class="literal">
utf16
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
ucs2
</code>
have identical storage
characteristics: same code values, same encoding, same
length.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For a supplementary character,
<code class="literal">
utf16
</code>
has
a special sequence for representing the character using 32
bits. This is called the
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
surrogate
</span>
”
</span>
mechanism:
For a number greater than
<code class="literal">
0xffff
</code>
, take 10
bits and add them to
<code class="literal">
0xd800
</code>
and put them
in the first 16-bit word, take 10 more bits and add them to
<code class="literal">
0xdc00
</code>
and put them in the next 16-bit
word. Consequently, all supplementary characters require 32
bits, where the first 16 bits are a number between
<code class="literal">
0xd800
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
0xdbff
</code>
, and
the last 16 bits are a number between
<code class="literal">
0xdc00
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
0xdfff
</code>
.
Examples are in Section
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.0.0/ch15.pdf" target="_blank">
15.5
Surrogates Area
</a>
of the Unicode 4.0 document.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Because
<code class="literal">
utf16
</code>
supports surrogates and
<code class="literal">
ucs2
</code>
does not, there is a validity check that
applies only in
<code class="literal">
utf16
</code>
: You cannot insert a
top surrogate without a bottom surrogate, or vice versa. For
example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa74666380"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> t <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ucs2_column<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>0xd800<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* legal */</span>
<span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> t <span class="token punctuation">(</span>utf16_column<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>0xd800<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* illegal */</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
There is no validity check for characters that are technically
valid but are not true Unicode (that is, characters that Unicode
considers to be
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
unassigned code points
</span>
”
</span>
or
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
private use
</span>
”
</span>
characters or even
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
illegals
</span>
”
</span>
like
<code class="literal">
0xffff
</code>
). For
example, since
<code class="literal">
U+F8FF
</code>
is the Apple Logo, this
is legal:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa67681255"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="token keyword">INTO</span> t <span class="token punctuation">(</span>utf16_column<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>0xf8ff<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">/* legal */</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Such characters cannot be expected to mean the same thing to
everyone.
</p>
<p>
Because MySQL must allow for the worst case (that one character
requires four bytes) the maximum length of a
<code class="literal">
utf16
</code>
column or index is only half of the
maximum length for a
<code class="literal">
ucs2
</code>
column or index.
For example, the maximum length of a
<code class="literal">
MEMORY
</code>
table index key is 3072 bytes, so these statements create tables
with the longest permitted indexes for
<code class="literal">
ucs2
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
utf16
</code>
columns:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa61414928"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> tf <span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1 <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1536</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">CHARACTER</span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> ucs2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">MEMORY</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> i <span class="token keyword">ON</span> tf <span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> tg <span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1 <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">768</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">CHARACTER</span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> utf16<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">MEMORY</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> i <span class="token keyword">ON</span> tg <span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/connection-compression-control.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="connection-compression-control">
</a>
6.2.8 Connection Compression Control
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045322304688">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045322303200">
</a>
<p>
Connections to the server can use compression on the traffic
between client and server to reduce the number of bytes sent over
the connection. By default, connections are uncompressed, but can
be compressed if the server and the client agree on a mutually
permitted compression algorithm.
</p>
<p>
Compressed connections originate on the client side but affect CPU
load on both the client and server sides because both sides
perform compression and decompression operations. Because enabling
compression decreases performance, its benefits occur primarily
when there is low network bandwidth, network transfer time
dominates the cost of compression and decompression operations,
and result sets are large.
</p>
<p>
This section describes the available compression-control
configuration parameters and the information sources available for
monitoring use of compression. It applies to classic MySQL protocol
connections.
</p>
<p>
Compression control applies to connections to the server by client
programs and by servers participating in source/replica
replication or Group Replication. Compression control does not
apply to connections for
<code class="literal">
FEDERATED
</code>
tables. In
the following discussion,
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
client connection
</span>
”
</span>
is
shorthand for a connection to the server originating from any
source for which compression is supported, unless context
indicates a specific connection type.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
X Protocol connections to a MySQL Server instance support
compression, but compression for X Protocol connections
operates independently from the compression for
classic MySQL protocol connections described here, and is controlled
separately. See
<a class="xref" href="x-plugin-connection-compression.html" title="22.5.5 Connection Compression with X Plugin">
Section 22.5.5, “Connection Compression with X Plugin”
</a>
for
information on X Protocol connection compression.
</p>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="connection-compression-control.html#connection-compression-configuration" title="Configuring Connection Compression">
Configuring Connection Compression
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="connection-compression-control.html#connection-compression-legacy-configuration" title="Configuring Legacy Connection Compression">
Configuring Legacy Connection Compression
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="connection-compression-control.html#connection-compression-monitoring" title="Monitoring Connection Compression">
Monitoring Connection Compression
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="connection-compression-configuration">
</a>
Configuring Connection Compression
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
These configuration parameters are available for controlling
connection compression:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_protocol_compression_algorithms">
<code class="literal">
protocol_compression_algorithms
</code>
</a>
system variable configures which compression algorithms the
server permits for incoming connections.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compression-algorithms">
<code class="option">
--compression-algorithms
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_zstd-compression-level">
<code class="option">
--zstd-compression-level
</code>
</a>
command-line options configure permitted compression
algorithms and
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
compression level for
these client programs:
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="6.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqladmin
</strong>
</span>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="mysqlbinlog.html" title="6.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlbinlog
</strong>
</span>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="mysqlcheck.html" title="6.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlcheck
</strong>
</span>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="mysqlimport.html" title="6.5.5 mysqlimport — A Data Import Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlimport
</strong>
</span>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="mysqlshow.html" title="6.5.6 mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlshow
</strong>
</span>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="mysqlslap.html" title="6.5.7 mysqlslap — A Load Emulation Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlslap
</strong>
</span>
</a>
,
and
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqltest
</strong>
</span>
. MySQL Shell also offers
these command-line options.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
MYSQL_OPT_COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMS
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
MYSQL_OPT_ZSTD_COMPRESSION_LEVEL
</code>
options
for the
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/c-api/8.4/en/mysql-options.html" target="_top">
<code class="literal">
mysql_options()
</code>
</a>
function configure permitted compression algorithms and
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
compression level for client
programs that use the MySQL C API.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
SOURCE_COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMS
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
SOURCE_ZSTD_COMPRESSION_LEVEL
</code>
options for
the
<a class="link" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE
TO
</code>
</a>
statement configure permitted compression
algorithms and
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
compression level for
replica servers participating in source/replica replication.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_recovery_compression_algorithms">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_recovery_compression_algorithms
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="group-replication-system-variables.html#sysvar_group_replication_recovery_zstd_compression_level">
<code class="literal">
group_replication_recovery_zstd_compression_level
</code>
</a>
system variables configure permitted compression algorithms
and
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
compression level for Group
Replication recovery connections when a new member joins a
group and connects to a donor.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Configuration parameters that enable specifying compression
algorithms are string-valued and take a list of one or more
comma-separated compression algorithm names, in any order,
chosen from the following items (not case-sensitive):
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
: Permit connections that use the
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
compression algorithm.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
: Permit connections that use the
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
compression algorithm.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
uncompressed
</code>
: Permit uncompressed
connections.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Because
<code class="literal">
uncompressed
</code>
is an algorithm name
that may or may not be configured, it is possible to configure
MySQL
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
not
</em>
</span>
to permit uncompressed
connections.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Examples:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To configure which compression algorithms the server permits
for incoming connections, set the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_protocol_compression_algorithms">
<code class="literal">
protocol_compression_algorithms
</code>
</a>
system variable. By default, the server permits all
available algorithms. To configure that setting explicitly
at startup, use these lines in the server
<code class="filename">
my.cnf
</code>
file:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-ini"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa33839245"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-ini"><span class="token selector">[mysqld]</span>
<span class="token constant">protocol_compression_algorithms</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>zlib,zstd,uncompressed</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To set and persist the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_protocol_compression_algorithms">
<code class="literal">
protocol_compression_algorithms
</code>
</a>
system variable to that value at runtime, use this
statement:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa14224824"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token keyword">PERSIST</span> protocol_compression_algorithms<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'zlib,zstd,uncompressed'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<a class="link" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
<code class="literal">
SET
PERSIST
</code>
</a>
sets a value for the running MySQL
instance. It also saves the value, causing it to carry over
to subsequent server restarts. To change the value for the
running MySQL instance without having it carry over to
subsequent restarts, use the
<code class="literal">
GLOBAL
</code>
keyword rather than
<code class="literal">
PERSIST
</code>
. See
<a class="xref" href="set-variable.html" title="15.7.6.1 SET Syntax for Variable Assignment">
Section 15.7.6.1, “SET Syntax for Variable Assignment”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To permit only incoming connections that use
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
compression, configure the server at
startup like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-ini"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa57839381"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-ini"><span class="token selector">[mysqld]</span>
<span class="token constant">protocol_compression_algorithms</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>zstd</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Or, to make the change at runtime:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa62344649"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token keyword">PERSIST</span> protocol_compression_algorithms<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'zstd'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To permit the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client to initiate
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
uncompressed
</code>
connections, invoke it like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa14112094"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal">mysql <span class="token constant">--compression-algorithms</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>zlib,uncompressed</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To configure replicas to connect to the source using
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
connections, with a compression level of 7 for
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
connections, use a
<a class="link" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
</code>
</a>
statement:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa66684271"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CHANGE</span> <span class="token keyword">REPLICATION</span> <span class="token keyword">SOURCE</span> <span class="token keyword">TO</span>
<span class="token keyword">SOURCE_COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMS</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'zlib,zstd'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">SOURCE_ZSTD_COMPRESSION_LEVEL</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
This assumes that the
<a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_compressed_protocol">
<code class="literal">
replica_compressed_protocol
</code>
</a>
system variable is disabled, for reasons described in
<a class="xref" href="connection-compression-control.html#connection-compression-legacy-configuration" title="Configuring Legacy Connection Compression">
Configuring Legacy Connection Compression
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
For successful connection setup, both sides of the connection
must agree on a mutually permitted compression algorithm. The
algorithm-negotiation process attempts to use
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
, then
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
, then
<code class="literal">
uncompressed
</code>
. If the two sides can find no
common algorithm, the connection attempt fails.
</p>
<p>
Because both sides must agree on the compression algorithm, and
because
<code class="literal">
uncompressed
</code>
is an algorithm value
that is not necessarily permitted, fallback to an uncompressed
connection does not necessarily occur. For example, if the
server is configured to permit
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
and a
client is configured to permit
<code class="literal">
zlib,uncompressed
</code>
, the client cannot connect
at all. In this case, no algorithm is common to both sides, so
connection attempts fail.
</p>
<p>
Configuration parameters that enable specifying the
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
compression level take an integer value
from 1 to 22, with larger values indicating increasing levels of
compression. The default
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
compression
level is 3. The compression level setting has no effect on
connections that do not use
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
compression.
</p>
<p>
A configurable
<code class="literal">
zstd
</code>
compression level enables
choosing between less network traffic and higher CPU load versus
more network traffic and lower CPU load. Higher compression
levels reduce network congestion but the additional CPU load may
reduce server performance.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="connection-compression-legacy-configuration">
</a>
Configuring Legacy Connection Compression
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Prior to MySQL 8.0.18, these configuration parameters are
available for controlling connection compression:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Client programs support a
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compress">
<code class="option">
--compress
</code>
</a>
command-line
option to specify use of compression for the connection to
the server.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For programs that use the MySQL C API, enabling the
<code class="literal">
MYSQL_OPT_COMPRESS
</code>
option for the
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/c-api/8.4/en/mysql-options.html" target="_top">
<code class="literal">
mysql_options()
</code>
</a>
function
specifies use of compression for the connection to the
server.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For source/replica replication, enabling the system variable
<a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_compressed_protocol">
<code class="literal">
replica_compressed_protocol
</code>
</a>
specifies use of compression for replica connections to the
source.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
In each case, when use of compression is specified, the
connection uses the
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
compression
algorithm if both sides permit it, with fallback to an
uncompressed connection otherwise.
</p>
<p>
As of MySQL 8.0.18, the compression parameters just described
become legacy parameters, due to the additional compression
parameters introduced for more control over connection
compression that are described in
<a class="xref" href="connection-compression-control.html#connection-compression-configuration" title="Configuring Connection Compression">
Configuring Connection Compression
</a>
. An
exception is MySQL Shell, where the
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/mysql-shell/8.4/en/mysqlsh.html#option_mysqlsh_compress" target="_top">
<code class="option">
--compress
</code>
</a>
command-line option
remains current, and can be used to request compression without
selecting compression algorithms. For information on
MySQL Shell's connection compression control, see
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/mysql-shell/8.4/en/mysql-shell-compressed-connections.html" target="_top">
Using Compressed Connections
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The legacy compression parameters interact with the newer
parameters and their semantics change as follows:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The meaning of the legacy
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compress">
<code class="option">
--compress
</code>
</a>
option depends on
whether
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compression-algorithms">
<code class="option">
--compression-algorithms
</code>
</a>
is
specified:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compression-algorithms">
<code class="option">
--compression-algorithms
</code>
</a>
is not specified,
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compress">
<code class="option">
--compress
</code>
</a>
is equivalent
to specifying a client-side algorithm set of
<code class="literal">
zlib,uncompressed
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compression-algorithms">
<code class="option">
--compression-algorithms
</code>
</a>
is specified,
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compress">
<code class="option">
--compress
</code>
</a>
is equivalent to specifying an algorithm set of
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
and the full client-side
algorithm set is the union of
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
plus the algorithms specified by
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compression-algorithms">
<code class="option">
--compression-algorithms
</code>
</a>
.
For example, with both
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compress">
<code class="option">
--compress
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compression-algorithms">
<code class="option">
--compression-algorithms=zlib,zstd
</code>
</a>
,
the permitted-algorithm set is
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
plus
<code class="literal">
zlib,zstd
</code>
; that is,
<code class="literal">
zlib,zstd
</code>
. With both
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compress">
<code class="option">
--compress
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="connection-options.html#option_general_compression-algorithms">
<code class="option">
--compression-algorithms=zstd,uncompressed
</code>
</a>
,
the permitted-algorithm set is
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
plus
<code class="literal">
zstd,uncompressed
</code>
; that is,
<code class="literal">
zlib,zstd,uncompressed
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The same type of interaction occurs between the legacy
<code class="literal">
MYSQL_OPT_COMPRESS
</code>
option and the
<code class="literal">
MYSQL_OPT_COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMS
</code>
option
for the
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/c-api/8.4/en/mysql-options.html" target="_top">
<code class="literal">
mysql_options()
</code>
</a>
C
API function.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If the
<a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_compressed_protocol">
<code class="literal">
replica_compressed_protocol
</code>
</a>
system variable is enabled, it takes precedence over
<code class="literal">
SOURCE_COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMS
</code>
and
connections to the source use
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
compression if both source and replica permit that
algorithm. If
<a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_compressed_protocol">
<code class="literal">
replica_compressed_protocol
</code>
</a>
is disabled, the value of
<code class="literal">
SOURCE_COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMS
</code>
applies.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="connection-compression-monitoring">
</a>
Monitoring Connection Compression
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="server-status-variables.html#statvar_Compression">
<code class="literal">
Compression
</code>
</a>
status
variable is
<code class="literal">
ON
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
OFF
</code>
to
indicate whether the current connection uses compression.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client
<code class="literal">
\status
</code>
command displays a line that says
<code class="literal">
Protocol:
Compressed
</code>
if compression is enabled for the current
connection. If that line is not present, the connection is
uncompressed.
</p>
<p>
The MySQL Shell
<code class="literal">
\status
</code>
command displays a
<code class="literal">
Compression:
</code>
line that says
<code class="literal">
Disabled
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
Enabled
</code>
to
indicate whether the connection is compressed.
</p>
<p>
These additional sources of information are available for
monitoring connection compression:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To monitor compression in use for client connections, use
the
<a class="link" href="server-status-variables.html#statvar_Compression_algorithm">
<code class="literal">
Compression_algorithm
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="server-status-variables.html#statvar_Compression_level">
<code class="literal">
Compression_level
</code>
</a>
status variables. For the current connection, their values
indicate the compression algorithm and compression level,
respectively.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To determine which compression algorithms the server is
configured to permit for incoming connections, check the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_protocol_compression_algorithms">
<code class="literal">
protocol_compression_algorithms
</code>
</a>
system variable.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For source/replica replication connections, the configured
compression algorithms and compression level are available
from multiple sources:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The Performance Schema
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-replication-connection-configuration-table.html" title="29.12.11.11 The replication_connection_configuration Table">
<code class="literal">
replication_connection_configuration
</code>
</a>
table has
<code class="literal">
COMPRESSION_ALGORITHMS
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
ZSTD_COMPRESSION_LEVEL
</code>
columns.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
mysql.slave_master_info
</code>
system
table has
<code class="literal">
Master_compression_algorithms
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
Master_zstd_compression_level
</code>
columns. If the
<code class="filename">
master.info
</code>
file
exists, it contains lines for those values as well.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/string-functions-charset.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="string-functions-charset">
</a>
14.8.3 Character Set and Collation of Function Results
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
MySQL has many operators and functions that return a string.
This section answers the question: What is the character set and
collation of such a string?
</p>
<p>
For simple functions that take string input and return a string
result as output, the output's character set and collation are
the same as those of the principal input value. For example,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_upper">
<code class="literal">
UPPER(
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
X
</code>
</em>
)
</code>
</a>
returns a string with the same character string and collation as
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
X
</code>
</em>
. The same applies for
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_instr">
<code class="literal">
INSTR()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_lcase">
<code class="literal">
LCASE()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_lower">
<code class="literal">
LOWER()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_ltrim">
<code class="literal">
LTRIM()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_mid">
<code class="literal">
MID()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_repeat">
<code class="literal">
REPEAT()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_replace">
<code class="literal">
REPLACE()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_reverse">
<code class="literal">
REVERSE()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_right">
<code class="literal">
RIGHT()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_rpad">
<code class="literal">
RPAD()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_rtrim">
<code class="literal">
RTRIM()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_soundex">
<code class="literal">
SOUNDEX()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_substring">
<code class="literal">
SUBSTRING()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_trim">
<code class="literal">
TRIM()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_ucase">
<code class="literal">
UCASE()
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_upper">
<code class="literal">
UPPER()
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_replace">
<code class="literal">
REPLACE()
</code>
</a>
function, unlike
all other functions, always ignores the collation of the
string input and performs a case-sensitive comparison.
</p>
</div>
<p>
If a string input or function result is a binary string, the
string has the
<code class="literal">
binary
</code>
character set and
collation. This can be checked by using the
<a class="link" href="information-functions.html#function_charset">
<code class="literal">
CHARSET()
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="information-functions.html#function_collation">
<code class="literal">
COLLATION()
</code>
</a>
functions, both of
which return
<code class="literal">
binary
</code>
for a binary string
argument:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa15793463"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">CHARSET</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token datatype">BINARY</span> <span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">COLLATION</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token datatype">BINARY</span> <span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> CHARSET(BINARY 'a') <span class="token punctuation">|</span> COLLATION(BINARY 'a') <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> binary <span class="token punctuation">|</span> binary <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For operations that combine multiple string inputs and return a
single string output, the
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
aggregation rules
</span>
”
</span>
of
standard SQL apply for determining the collation of the result:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If an explicit
<code class="literal">
COLLATE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
Y
</code>
</em>
</code>
occurs, use
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
Y
</code>
</em>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
If explicit
<code class="literal">
COLLATE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
Y
</code>
</em>
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
COLLATE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
Z
</code>
</em>
</code>
occur, raise an
error.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Otherwise, if all collations are
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
Y
</code>
</em>
, use
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
Y
</code>
</em>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Otherwise, the result has no collation.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
For example, with
<code class="literal">
CASE ... WHEN a THEN b WHEN b THEN c
COLLATE
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
X
</code>
</em>
END
</code>
, the
resulting collation is
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
X
</code>
</em>
. The same
applies for
<a class="link" href="union.html" title="15.2.18 UNION Clause">
<code class="literal">
UNION
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="logical-operators.html#operator_or">
<code class="literal">
||
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_concat">
<code class="literal">
CONCAT()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_elt">
<code class="literal">
ELT()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="comparison-operators.html#function_greatest">
<code class="literal">
GREATEST()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="flow-control-functions.html#function_if">
<code class="literal">
IF()
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="comparison-operators.html#function_least">
<code class="literal">
LEAST()
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
For operations that convert to character data, the character set
and collation of the strings that result from the operations are
defined by the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_character_set_connection">
<code class="literal">
character_set_connection
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_collation_connection">
<code class="literal">
collation_connection
</code>
</a>
system
variables that determine the default connection character set
and collation (see
<a class="xref" href="charset-connection.html" title="12.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations">
Section 12.4, “Connection Character Sets and Collations”
</a>
). This
applies only to
<a class="link" href="miscellaneous-functions.html#function_bin-to-uuid">
<code class="literal">
BIN_TO_UUID()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="cast-functions.html#function_cast">
<code class="literal">
CAST()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="mathematical-functions.html#function_conv">
<code class="literal">
CONV()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_format">
<code class="literal">
FORMAT()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_hex">
<code class="literal">
HEX()
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_space">
<code class="literal">
SPACE()
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
An exception to the preceding principle occurs for expressions
for virtual generated columns. In such expressions, the table
character set is used for
<a class="link" href="miscellaneous-functions.html#function_bin-to-uuid">
<code class="literal">
BIN_TO_UUID()
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="mathematical-functions.html#function_conv">
<code class="literal">
CONV()
</code>
</a>
, or
<a class="link" href="string-functions.html#function_hex">
<code class="literal">
HEX()
</code>
</a>
results, regardless of
connection character set.
</p>
<p>
If there is any question about the character set or collation of
the result returned by a string function, use the
<a class="link" href="information-functions.html#function_charset">
<code class="literal">
CHARSET()
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="information-functions.html#function_collation">
<code class="literal">
COLLATION()
</code>
</a>
function to find out:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa31610525"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">USER</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">CHARSET</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">USER</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">COLLATION</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">USER</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> USER() <span class="token punctuation">|</span> CHARSET(USER()) <span class="token punctuation">|</span> COLLATION(USER()) <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> test@localhost <span class="token punctuation">|</span> utf8mb3 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> utf8mb3_general_ci <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token function">CHARSET</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">COMPRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'abc'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">COLLATION</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">COMPRESS</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'abc'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> CHARSET(COMPRESS('abc')) <span class="token punctuation">|</span> COLLATION(COMPRESS('abc')) <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> binary <span class="token punctuation">|</span> binary <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/performance-schema-firewall-membership-table.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="performance-schema-firewall-membership-table">
</a>
29.12.17.3 The firewall_membership Table
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045069535808">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045069534304">
</a>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-firewall-membership-table.html" title="29.12.17.3 The firewall_membership Table">
<code class="literal">
firewall_membership
</code>
</a>
table
provides a view into the in-memory data cache for MySQL Enterprise Firewall. It
lists the members (accounts) of registered firewall group
profiles. It is used in conjunction with the
<code class="literal">
mysql.firewall_membership
</code>
system table that
provides persistent storage of firewall data; see
<a class="xref" href="firewall-reference.html#firewall-tables" title="MySQL Enterprise Firewall Tables">
MySQL Enterprise Firewall Tables
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-firewall-membership-table.html" title="29.12.17.3 The firewall_membership Table">
<code class="literal">
firewall_membership
</code>
</a>
table has
these columns:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
GROUP_ID
</code>
</p>
<p>
The group profile name.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
MEMBER_ID
</code>
</p>
<p>
The name of an account that is a member of the profile.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-firewall-membership-table.html" title="29.12.17.3 The firewall_membership Table">
<code class="literal">
firewall_membership
</code>
</a>
table has
no indexes.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
TRUNCATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
is not permitted
for the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-firewall-membership-table.html" title="29.12.17.3 The firewall_membership Table">
<code class="literal">
firewall_membership
</code>
</a>
table.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/table-definition-issues.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="table-definition-issues">
</a>
B.3.6 Table Definition-Related Issues
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="alter-table-problems.html">
B.3.6.1 Problems with ALTER TABLE
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="temporary-table-problems.html">
B.3.6.2 TEMPORARY Table Problems
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/performance-schema-binary-log-transaction-compression-stats-table.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="performance-schema-binary-log-transaction-compression-stats-table">
</a>
29.12.11.1 The binary_log_transaction_compression_stats Table
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045071630944">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045071629424">
</a>
<p>
This table shows statistical information for transaction
payloads written to the binary log and relay log, and can be
used to calculate the effects of enabling binary log
transaction compression. For information on binary log
transaction compression, see
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-transaction-compression.html" title="7.4.4.5 Binary Log Transaction Compression">
Section 7.4.4.5, “Binary Log Transaction Compression”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
binary_log_transaction_compression_stats
</code>
table is populated only when the server instance has a binary
log, and the system variable
<a class="link" href="replication-options-binary-log.html#sysvar_binlog_transaction_compression">
<code class="literal">
binlog_transaction_compression
</code>
</a>
is set to
<code class="literal">
ON
</code>
. The statistics cover all
transactions written to the binary log and relay log from the
time the server was started or the table was truncated.
Compressed transactions are grouped by the compression
algorithm used, and uncompressed transactions are grouped
together with the compression algorithm stated as
<code class="literal">
NONE
</code>
, so the compression ratio can be
calculated.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
binary_log_transaction_compression_stats
</code>
table has these columns:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
LOG_TYPE
</code>
</p>
<p>
Whether these transactions were written to the binary log
or relay log.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
COMPRESSION_TYPE
</code>
</p>
<p>
The compression algorithm used to compress the transaction
payloads.
<code class="literal">
NONE
</code>
means the payloads for
these transactions were not compressed, which is correct
in a number of situations (see
<a class="xref" href="binary-log-transaction-compression.html" title="7.4.4.5 Binary Log Transaction Compression">
Section 7.4.4.5, “Binary Log Transaction Compression”
</a>
).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
TRANSACTION_COUNTER
</code>
</p>
<p>
The number of transactions written to this log type with
this compression type.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
COMPRESSED_BYTES
</code>
</p>
<p>
The total number of bytes that were compressed and then
written to this log type with this compression type,
counted after compression.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
UNCOMPRESSED_BYTES
</code>
</p>
<p>
The total number of bytes before compression for this log
type and this compression type.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE
</code>
</p>
<p>
The compression ratio for this log type and this
compression type, expressed as a percentage.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
FIRST_TRANSACTION_ID
</code>
</p>
<p>
The ID of the first transaction that was written to this
log type with this compression type.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
FIRST_TRANSACTION_COMPRESSED_BYTES
</code>
</p>
<p>
The total number of bytes that were compressed and then
written to the log for the first transaction, counted
after compression.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
FIRST_TRANSACTION_UNCOMPRESSED_BYTES
</code>
</p>
<p>
The total number of bytes before compression for the first
transaction.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
FIRST_TRANSACTION_TIMESTAMP
</code>
</p>
<p>
The timestamp when the first transaction was written to
the log.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
LAST_TRANSACTION_ID
</code>
</p>
<p>
The ID of the most recent transaction that was written to
this log type with this compression type.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
LAST_TRANSACTION_COMPRESSED_BYTES
</code>
</p>
<p>
The total number of bytes that were compressed and then
written to the log for the most recent transaction,
counted after compression.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
LAST_TRANSACTION_UNCOMPRESSED_BYTES
</code>
</p>
<p>
The total number of bytes before compression for the most
recent transaction.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
LAST_TRANSACTION_TIMESTAMP
</code>
</p>
<p>
The timestamp when the most recent transaction was written
to the log.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
binary_log_transaction_compression_stats
</code>
table has no indexes.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
TRUNCATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
is permitted for
the
<code class="literal">
binary_log_transaction_compression_stats
</code>
table.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/atomic-ddl.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="atomic-ddl">
</a>
15.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045190236576">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045190235568">
</a>
<p>
MySQL 8.4 supports atomic Data Definition Language
(DDL) statements. This feature is referred to as
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
atomic
DDL
</em>
</span>
. An atomic DDL statement combines the data
dictionary updates, storage engine operations, and binary log
writes associated with a DDL operation into a single, atomic
operation. The operation is either committed, with applicable
changes persisted to the data dictionary, storage engine, and
binary log, or is rolled back, even if the server halts during the
operation.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Atomic DDL
</em>
</span>
is not
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
transactional
DDL
</em>
</span>
. DDL statements, atomic or otherwise, implicitly
end any transaction that is active in the current session, as if
you had done a
<a class="link" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
<code class="literal">
COMMIT
</code>
</a>
before
executing the statement. This means that DDL statements cannot
be performed within another transaction, within transaction
control statements such as
<a class="link" href="commit.html" title="15.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements">
<code class="literal">
START TRANSACTION ...
COMMIT
</code>
</a>
, or combined with other statements within the
same transaction.
</p>
</div>
<p>
Atomic DDL is made possible by the MySQL data dictionary, which
provides centralized, transactional metadata storage.
</p>
<p>
The atomic DDL feature is described under the following topics in
this section:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html#atomic-ddl-supported-statements" title="Supported DDL Statements">
Supported DDL Statements
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html#atomic-ddl-characteristics" title="Atomic DDL Characteristics">
Atomic DDL Characteristics
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html#atomic-ddl-statement-behavior" title="DDL Statement Behavior">
DDL Statement Behavior
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html#atomic-ddl-storage-engine-support" title="Storage Engine Support">
Storage Engine Support
</a>
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html#atomic-ddl-view-logs" title="Viewing DDL Logs">
Viewing DDL Logs
</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="atomic-ddl-supported-statements">
</a>
Supported DDL Statements
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The atomic DDL feature supports both table and non-table DDL
statements. Table-related DDL operations require storage engine
support, whereas non-table DDL operations do not. Currently,
only the
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
storage engine supports
atomic DDL.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Supported table DDL statements include
<code class="literal">
CREATE
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
ALTER
</code>
, and
<code class="literal">
DROP
</code>
statements for databases,
tablespaces, tables, and indexes, and the
<a class="link" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
TRUNCATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Supported non-table DDL statements include:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
CREATE
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
DROP
</code>
statements, and, if applicable,
<code class="literal">
ALTER
</code>
statements for stored programs, triggers, views, and
loadable functions.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Account management statements:
<code class="literal">
CREATE
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
ALTER
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
DROP
</code>
, and, if applicable,
<code class="literal">
RENAME
</code>
statements for users and
roles, as well as
<a class="link" href="grant.html" title="15.7.1.6 GRANT Statement">
<code class="literal">
GRANT
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="revoke.html" title="15.7.1.8 REVOKE Statement">
<code class="literal">
REVOKE
</code>
</a>
statements.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The following statements are not supported by the atomic DDL
feature:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Table-related DDL statements that involve a storage engine
other than
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="install-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.4 INSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSTALL PLUGIN
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="uninstall-plugin.html" title="15.7.4.6 UNINSTALL PLUGIN Statement">
<code class="literal">
UNINSTALL PLUGIN
</code>
</a>
statements.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="install-component.html" title="15.7.4.3 INSTALL COMPONENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSTALL COMPONENT
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="uninstall-component.html" title="15.7.4.5 UNINSTALL COMPONENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
UNINSTALL COMPONENT
</code>
</a>
statements.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="create-server.html" title="15.1.18 CREATE SERVER Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE SERVER
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="alter-server.html" title="15.1.8 ALTER SERVER Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER SERVER
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="drop-server.html" title="15.1.30 DROP SERVER Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP SERVER
</code>
</a>
statements.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="atomic-ddl-characteristics">
</a>
Atomic DDL Characteristics
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The characteristics of atomic DDL statements include the
following:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Metadata updates, binary log writes, and storage engine
operations, where applicable, are combined into a single
atomic operation.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
There are no intermediate commits at the SQL layer during
the DDL operation.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Where applicable:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: circle; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The state of data dictionary, routine, event, and
loadable function caches is consistent with the status
of the DDL operation, meaning that caches are updated to
reflect whether or not the DDL operation was completed
successfully or rolled back.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The storage engine methods involved in a DDL operation
do not perform intermediate commits, and the storage
engine registers itself as part of the DDL operation.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The storage engine supports redo and rollback of DDL
operations, which is performed in the
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Post-DDL
</em>
</span>
phase of the DDL
operation.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The visible behaviour of DDL operations is atomic.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="atomic-ddl-statement-behavior">
</a>
DDL Statement Behavior
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
This section describes some important aspects of DDL statement
behavior when using a storage engine that support atomic DDL,
such as
<a class="link" href="innodb-storage-engine.html" title="Chapter 17 The InnoDB Storage Engine">
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="drop-table.html" title="15.1.32 DROP TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP TABLE
</code>
</a>
operations are
fully atomic if all named tables use a storage engine which
supports atomic DDL. The statement either drops all tables
successfully or is rolled back.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="drop-table.html" title="15.1.32 DROP TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP TABLE
</code>
</a>
fails with an
error if a named table does not exist, and no changes are
made, regardless of the storage engine.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="drop-database.html" title="15.1.24 DROP DATABASE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP DATABASE
</code>
</a>
is atomic if
all tables use a storage engine which supports atomic DDL.
The statement either drops all objects successfully or is
rolled back. You should be aware that removal of the
database directory from the file system occurs last and is
not part of the atomic operation; thus, if removal of the
database directory fails due to a file system error or
server halt, the
<a class="link" href="drop-database.html" title="15.1.24 DROP DATABASE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP
DATABASE
</code>
</a>
transaction is not rolled back.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For tables that do not use a storage engine which supports
atomic DDL, table deletion occurs outside of the atomic
<a class="link" href="drop-table.html" title="15.1.32 DROP TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP TABLE
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="drop-database.html" title="15.1.24 DROP DATABASE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP DATABASE
</code>
</a>
transaction.
Such table deletions are written to the binary log
individually, which limits the discrepancy between the
storage engine, data dictionary, and binary log to one table
at most in the case of an interrupted
<a class="link" href="drop-table.html" title="15.1.32 DROP TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP TABLE
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="drop-database.html" title="15.1.24 DROP DATABASE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP DATABASE
</code>
</a>
operation. For
operations that drop multiple tables, any tables that do not
use a storage engine which supports atomic DDL are dropped
before tables that do so.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="rename-table.html" title="15.1.36 RENAME TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
RENAME TABLE
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
TRUNCATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLESPACE
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="drop-tablespace.html" title="15.1.33 DROP TABLESPACE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP TABLESPACE
</code>
</a>
operations
for tables that use a storage engine which supports atomic
DDL are either fully committed or rolled back if the server
halts during their operation.
<a class="link" href="rename-table.html" title="15.1.36 RENAME TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
RENAME
TABLE
</code>
</a>
operations are atomic only if all named
tables use a storage engine which supports atomic DDL.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For storage engines that support atomic DDL, the
<a class="link" href="create-table-select.html" title="15.1.20.4 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
TABLE ... SELECT
</code>
</a>
statement is logged as one
transaction in the binary log when row-based replication is
in use.
</p>
<p>
On storage engines that support both atomic DDL and foreign
key constraints, creation of foreign keys is not permitted
in
<a class="link" href="create-table-select.html" title="15.1.20.4 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
TABLE ... SELECT
</code>
</a>
statements when row-based
replication is in use. Foreign key constraints can be added
later using
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
When
<a class="link" href="create-table-select.html" title="15.1.20.4 CREATE TABLE ... SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
TABLE ... SELECT
</code>
</a>
is applied as an atomic
operation, a metadata lock is held on the table while data
is inserted, which prevents concurrent access to the table
for the duration of the operation.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="drop-view.html" title="15.1.35 DROP VIEW Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP VIEW
</code>
</a>
fails if a named
view does not exist, and no changes are made.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Account management statements either succeed for all named
users or roll back and have no effect if an error occurs.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="atomic-ddl-storage-engine-support">
</a>
Storage Engine Support
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
Currently, only the
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
storage engine
supports atomic DDL. Storage engines that do not support atomic
DDL are exempted from DDL atomicity. DDL operations involving
exempted storage engines remain capable of introducing
inconsistencies that can occur when operations are interrupted
or only partially completed.
</p>
<p>
To support redo and rollback of DDL operations,
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
writes DDL logs to the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table, which is a hidden
data dictionary table that resides in the
<code class="filename">
mysql.ibd
</code>
data dictionary tablespace.
</p>
<p>
To view DDL logs that are written to the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table during a DDL
operation, enable the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_print_ddl_logs">
<code class="literal">
innodb_print_ddl_logs
</code>
</a>
configuration option. For more information, see
<a class="xref" href="atomic-ddl.html#atomic-ddl-view-logs" title="Viewing DDL Logs">
Viewing DDL Logs
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
The redo logs for changes to the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table are flushed to
disk immediately regardless of the
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit">
<code class="literal">
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit
</code>
</a>
setting. Flushing the redo logs immediately avoids situations
where data files are modified by DDL operations but the redo
logs for changes to the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table resulting from
those operations are not persisted to disk. Such a situation
could cause errors during rollback or recovery.
</p>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
storage engine executes DDL
operations in phases. DDL operations such as
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
</code>
</a>
may perform the
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Prepare
</em>
</span>
and
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Perform
</em>
</span>
phases multiple times prior to the
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Commit
</em>
</span>
phase.
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Prepare
</em>
</span>
: Create the required objects
and write the DDL logs to the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table. The DDL logs
define how to roll forward and roll back the DDL operation.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Perform
</em>
</span>
: Perform the DDL operation. For
example, perform a create routine for a
<code class="literal">
CREATE
TABLE
</code>
operation.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Commit
</em>
</span>
: Update the data dictionary and
commit the data dictionary transaction.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Post-DDL
</em>
</span>
: Replay and remove DDL logs
from the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table. To
ensure that rollback can be performed safely without
introducing inconsistencies, file operations such as
renaming or removing data files are performed in this final
phase. This phase also removes dynamic metadata from the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_dynamic_metadata
</code>
data
dictionary table for
<a class="link" href="drop-table.html" title="15.1.32 DROP TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP
TABLE
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="truncate-table.html" title="15.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
TRUNCATE
TABLE
</code>
</a>
, and other DDL operations that rebuild the
table.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
DDL logs are replayed and removed from the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table during the
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Post-DDL
</em>
</span>
phase, regardless of whether the
DDL operation is committed or rolled back. DDL logs should only
remain in the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table if
the server is halted during a DDL operation. In this case, the
DDL logs are replayed and removed after recovery.
</p>
<p>
In a recovery situation, a DDL operation may be committed or
rolled back when the server is restarted. If the data dictionary
transaction that was performed during the
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
Commit
</em>
</span>
phase of a DDL operation is present
in the redo log and binary log, the operation is considered
successful and is rolled forward. Otherwise, the incomplete data
dictionary transaction is rolled back when
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
replays data dictionary redo logs, and
the DDL operation is rolled back.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h4 class="title">
<a name="atomic-ddl-view-logs">
</a>
Viewing DDL Logs
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
To view DDL logs that are written to the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
data dictionary table
during atomic DDL operations that involve the
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
storage engine, enable
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_print_ddl_logs">
<code class="literal">
innodb_print_ddl_logs
</code>
</a>
to have
MySQL write the DDL logs to
<code class="literal">
stderr
</code>
. Depending
on the host operating system and MySQL configuration,
<code class="literal">
stderr
</code>
may be the error log, terminal, or
console window. See
<a class="xref" href="error-log-destination-configuration.html" title="7.4.2.2 Default Error Log Destination Configuration">
Section 7.4.2.2, “Default Error Log Destination Configuration”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
writes DDL logs to the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table to support redo
and rollback of DDL operations. The
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table is a hidden data
dictionary table that resides in the
<code class="filename">
mysql.ibd
</code>
data dictionary tablespace. Like
other hidden data dictionary tables, the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table cannot be accessed
directly in non-debug versions of MySQL. (See
<a class="xref" href="data-dictionary-schema.html" title="16.1 Data Dictionary Schema">
Section 16.1, “Data Dictionary Schema”
</a>
.) The structure of the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_ddl_log
</code>
table corresponds to
this definition:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa7110342"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> mysql<span class="token punctuation">.</span>innodb_ddl_log <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
id <span class="token datatype">BIGINT</span> <span class="token keyword">UNSIGNED</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span> <span class="token keyword">AUTO_INCREMENT</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
thread_id <span class="token datatype">BIGINT</span> <span class="token keyword">UNSIGNED</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token datatype">INT</span> <span class="token keyword">UNSIGNED</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
space_id <span class="token datatype">INT</span> <span class="token keyword">UNSIGNED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
page_no <span class="token datatype">INT</span> <span class="token keyword">UNSIGNED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
index_id <span class="token datatype">BIGINT</span> <span class="token keyword">UNSIGNED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
table_id <span class="token datatype">BIGINT</span> <span class="token keyword">UNSIGNED</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
old_file_path <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">512</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_bin<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
new_file_path <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">512</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_bin<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>thread_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
id
</code>
: A unique identifier for a DDL log
record.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
thread_id
</code>
: Each DDL log record is
assigned a
<code class="literal">
thread_id
</code>
, which is used to
replay and remove DDL logs that belong to a particular DDL
operation. DDL operations that involve multiple data file
operations generate multiple DDL log records.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
type
</code>
: The DDL operation type. Types
include
<code class="literal">
FREE
</code>
(drop an index tree),
<code class="literal">
DELETE
</code>
(delete a file),
<code class="literal">
RENAME
</code>
(rename a file), or
<code class="literal">
DROP
</code>
(drop metadata from the
<code class="literal">
mysql.innodb_dynamic_metadata
</code>
data
dictionary table).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
space_id
</code>
: The tablespace ID.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
page_no
</code>
: A page that contains allocation
information; an index tree root page, for example.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
index_id
</code>
: The index ID.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
table_id
</code>
: The table ID.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
old_file_path
</code>
: The old tablespace file
path. Used by DDL operations that create or drop tablespace
files; also used by DDL operations that rename a tablespace.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
new_file_path
</code>
: The new tablespace file
path. Used by DDL operations that rename tablespace files.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
This example demonstrates enabling
<a class="link" href="innodb-parameters.html#sysvar_innodb_print_ddl_logs">
<code class="literal">
innodb_print_ddl_logs
</code>
</a>
to view
DDL logs written to
<code class="literal">
strderr
</code>
for a
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE
</code>
operation.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa57656982"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token keyword">GLOBAL</span> innodb_print_ddl_logs<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> t1 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1 <span class="token datatype">INT</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> InnoDB<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-none"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa99939615"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-none">[Note] [000000] InnoDB: DDL log insert : [DDL record: DELETE SPACE, id=18, thread_id=7,
space_id=5, old_file_path=./test/t1.ibd]
[Note] [000000] InnoDB: DDL log delete : by id 18
[Note] [000000] InnoDB: DDL log insert : [DDL record: REMOVE CACHE, id=19, thread_id=7,
table_id=1058, new_file_path=test/t1]
[Note] [000000] InnoDB: DDL log delete : by id 19
[Note] [000000] InnoDB: DDL log insert : [DDL record: FREE, id=20, thread_id=7,
space_id=5, index_id=132, page_no=4]
[Note] [000000] InnoDB: DDL log delete : by id 20
[Note] [000000] InnoDB: DDL log post ddl : begin for thread id : 7
[Note] [000000] InnoDB: DDL log post ddl : end for thread id : 7</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/backup-methods.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="backup-methods">
</a>
9.2 Database Backup Methods
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
This section summarizes some general methods for making backups.
</p>
<h3>
<a name="idm46045231300480">
</a>
Making a Hot Backup with MySQL Enterprise Backup
</h3>
<p>
Customers of MySQL Enterprise Edition can use the
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_mysql_enterprise_backup" title="MySQL Enterprise Backup">
MySQL Enterprise Backup
</a>
product
to do
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_physical" title="physical">
physical
</a>
backups of
entire instances or selected databases, tables, or both. This
product includes features for
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_incremental_backup" title="incremental backup">
incremental
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_compressed_backup" title="compressed backup">
compressed
</a>
backups.
Backing up the physical database files makes restore much faster
than logical techniques such as the
<code class="literal">
mysqldump
</code>
command.
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
tables are copied using a
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_hot_backup" title="hot backup">
hot backup
</a>
mechanism.
(Ideally, the
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
tables should represent a
substantial majority of the data.) Tables from other storage
engines are copied using a
<a class="link" href="glossary.html#glos_warm_backup" title="warm backup">
warm
backup
</a>
mechanism. For an overview of the MySQL Enterprise Backup product, see
<a class="xref" href="mysql-enterprise-backup.html" title="32.1 MySQL Enterprise Backup Overview">
Section 32.1, “MySQL Enterprise Backup Overview”
</a>
.
</p>
<h3>
<a name="idm46045231290192">
</a>
Making Backups with mysqldump
</h3>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
program can make backups. It can
back up all kinds of tables. (See
<a class="xref" href="using-mysqldump.html" title="9.4 Using mysqldump for Backups">
Section 9.4, “Using mysqldump for Backups”
</a>
.)
</p>
<p>
For
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
tables, it is possible to perform an
online backup that takes no locks on tables using the
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_single-transaction">
<code class="option">
--single-transaction
</code>
</a>
option to
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
. See
<a class="xref" href="backup-policy.html" title="9.3.1 Establishing a Backup Policy">
Section 9.3.1, “Establishing a Backup Policy”
</a>
.
</p>
<h3>
<a name="idm46045231282848">
</a>
Making Backups by Copying Table Files
</h3>
<p>
MyISAM tables can be backed up by copying table files
(
<code class="filename">
*.MYD
</code>
,
<code class="filename">
*.MYI
</code>
files, and
associated
<code class="filename">
*.sdi
</code>
files). To get a consistent
backup, stop the server or lock and flush the relevant tables:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa46399997"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">FLUSH</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLES</span> <em class="replaceable">tbl_list</em> <span class="token keyword">WITH</span> <span class="token keyword">READ</span> <span class="token keyword">LOCK</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You need only a read lock; this enables other clients to continue
to query the tables while you are making a copy of the files in
the database directory. The flush is needed to ensure that the all
active index pages are written to disk before you start the
backup. See
<a class="xref" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
Section 15.3.6, “LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="flush.html" title="15.7.8.3 FLUSH Statement">
Section 15.7.8.3, “FLUSH Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
You can also create a binary backup simply by copying the table
files, as long as the server is not updating anything. (But note
that table file copying methods do not work if your database
contains
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
tables. Also, even if the
server is not actively updating data,
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
may still have modified data cached in memory and not flushed to
disk.)
</p>
<p>
For an example of this backup method, refer to the export and
import example in
<a class="xref" href="import-table.html" title="15.2.6 IMPORT TABLE Statement">
Section 15.2.6, “IMPORT TABLE Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
<h3>
<a name="idm46045231272480">
</a>
Making Delimited-Text File Backups
</h3>
<p>
To create a text file containing a table's data, you can use
<a class="link" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT * INTO OUTFILE
'
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
file_name
</code>
</em>
' FROM
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
tbl_name
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
. The file is created
on the MySQL server host, not the client host. For this statement,
the output file cannot already exist because permitting files to
be overwritten constitutes a security risk. See
<a class="xref" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
Section 15.2.13, “SELECT Statement”
</a>
. This method works for any kind of data
file, but saves only table data, not the table structure.
</p>
<p>
Another way to create text data files (along with files containing
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
statements for the
backed up tables) is to use
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
with the
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_tab">
<code class="option">
--tab
</code>
</a>
option. See
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump-delimited-text.html" title="9.4.3 Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump">
Section 9.4.3, “Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
To reload a delimited-text data file, use
<a class="link" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
<code class="literal">
LOAD DATA
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="mysqlimport.html" title="6.5.5 mysqlimport — A Data Import Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlimport
</strong>
</span>
</a>
.
</p>
<h3>
<a name="idm46045231260640">
</a>
Making Incremental Backups by Enabling the Binary Log
</h3>
<p>
MySQL supports incremental backups using the binary log. The
binary log files provide you with the information you need to
replicate changes to the database that are made subsequent to the
point at which you performed a backup. Therefore, to allow a
server to be restored to a point-in-time, binary logging must be
enabled on it, which is the default setting for MySQL
8.4
; see
<a class="xref" href="binary-log.html" title="7.4.4 The Binary Log">
Section 7.4.4, “The Binary Log”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
At the moment you want to make an incremental backup (containing
all changes that happened since the last full or incremental
backup), you should rotate the binary log by using
<a class="link" href="flush.html#flush-logs">
<code class="literal">
FLUSH LOGS
</code>
</a>
. This done, you need to
copy to the backup location all binary logs which range from the
one of the moment of the last full or incremental backup to the
last but one. These binary logs are the incremental backup; at
restore time, you apply them as explained in
<a class="xref" href="point-in-time-recovery.html" title="9.5 Point-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery">
Section 9.5, “Point-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery”
</a>
. The next time you do a
full backup, you should also rotate the binary log using
<a class="link" href="flush.html#flush-logs">
<code class="literal">
FLUSH LOGS
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
--flush-logs
</strong>
</span>
</a>
. See
<a class="xref" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
Section 6.5.4, “mysqldump — A Database Backup Program”
</a>
.
</p>
<h3>
<a name="idm46045231252368">
</a>
Making Backups Using Replicas
</h3>
<p>
If you have performance problems with a server while making
backups, one strategy that can help is to set up replication and
perform backups on the replica rather than on the source. See
<a class="xref" href="replication-solutions-backups.html" title="19.4.1 Using Replication for Backups">
Section 19.4.1, “Using Replication for Backups”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
If you are backing up a replica, you should back up its connection
metadata repository and applier metadata repository (see
<a class="xref" href="replica-logs.html" title="19.2.4 Relay Log and Replication Metadata Repositories">
Section 19.2.4, “Relay Log and Replication Metadata Repositories”
</a>
) when you back up the replica's
databases, regardless of the backup method you choose. This
information is always needed to resume replication after you
restore the replica's data. If your replica is replicating
<a class="link" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
<code class="literal">
LOAD DATA
</code>
</a>
statements, you should
also back up any
<code class="filename">
SQL_LOAD-*
</code>
files that exist
in the directory that the replica uses for this purpose. The
replica needs these files to resume replication of any interrupted
<a class="link" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
<code class="literal">
LOAD DATA
</code>
</a>
operations. The location
of this directory is the value of the system variable
<a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_load_tmpdir">
<code class="literal">
replica_load_tmpdir
</code>
</a>
. If the
server was not started with that variable set, the directory
location is the value of the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_tmpdir">
<code class="literal">
tmpdir
</code>
</a>
system variable.
</p>
<h3>
<a name="idm46045231242688">
</a>
Recovering Corrupt Tables
</h3>
<p>
If you have to restore
<code class="literal">
MyISAM
</code>
tables that have
become corrupt, try to recover them using
<a class="link" href="repair-table.html" title="15.7.3.5 REPAIR TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
REPAIR TABLE
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="myisamchk.html" title="6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility">
<span class="command">
<strong>
myisamchk
-r
</strong>
</span>
</a>
first. That should work in 99.9% of all cases. If
<a class="link" href="myisamchk.html" title="6.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility">
<span class="command">
<strong>
myisamchk
</strong>
</span>
</a>
fails, see
<a class="xref" href="myisam-table-maintenance.html" title="9.6 MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery">
Section 9.6, “MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery”
</a>
.
</p>
<h3>
<a name="idm46045231236256">
</a>
Making Backups Using a File System Snapshot
</h3>
<p>
If you are using a Veritas file system, you can make a backup like
this:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
From a client program, execute
<a class="link" href="flush.html#flush-tables-with-read-lock">
<code class="literal">
FLUSH
TABLES WITH READ LOCK
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
From another shell, execute
<code class="literal">
mount vxfs
snapshot
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
From the first client, execute
<a class="link" href="lock-tables.html" title="15.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Statements">
<code class="literal">
UNLOCK
TABLES
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Copy files from the snapshot.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Unmount the snapshot.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
Similar snapshot capabilities may be available in other file
systems, such as LVM or ZFS.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/show-function-code.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="show-function-code">
</a>
15.7.7.20 SHOW FUNCTION CODE Statement
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045170338560">
</a>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa58236779"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">FUNCTION</span> <span class="token keyword">CODE</span> <em class="replaceable">func_name</em></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
This statement is similar to
<a class="link" href="show-procedure-code.html" title="15.7.7.29 SHOW PROCEDURE CODE Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW PROCEDURE
CODE
</code>
</a>
but for stored functions. See
<a class="xref" href="show-procedure-code.html" title="15.7.7.29 SHOW PROCEDURE CODE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.29, “SHOW PROCEDURE CODE Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/sys-ps-thread-stack.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="sys-ps-thread-stack">
</a>
30.4.5.16 The ps_thread_stack() Function
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045060760816">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045060759344">
</a>
<p>
Returns a JSON formatted stack of all statements, stages, and
events within the Performance Schema for a given thread ID.
</p>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="sys-ps-thread-stack-parameters">
</a>
Parameters
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
in_thread_id BIGINT
</code>
: The ID of the
thread to trace. The value should match the
<code class="literal">
THREAD_ID
</code>
column from some
Performance Schema
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-threads-table.html" title="29.12.22.8 The threads Table">
<code class="literal">
threads
</code>
</a>
table row.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
in_verbose BOOLEAN
</code>
: Whether to
include
<code class="literal">
file:lineno
</code>
information in
the events.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="sys-ps-thread-stack-return-value">
</a>
Return Value
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
A
<code class="literal">
LONGTEXT CHARACTER SET latin1
</code>
value.
</p>
</div>
<div class="simplesect">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div class="simple">
<h5 class="title">
<a name="sys-ps-thread-stack-example">
</a>
Example
</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa77661385"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> sys<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ps_thread_stack<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">37</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">FALSE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">AS</span> thread_stack\G
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 1. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
thread_stack<span class="token punctuation">:</span> {"rankdir"<span class="token punctuation">:</span> "LR","nodesep"<span class="token punctuation">:</span> "0.10",
"stack_created"<span class="token punctuation">:</span> "2014-02-19 13<span class="token punctuation">:</span>39<span class="token punctuation">:</span>03", "mysql_version"<span class="token punctuation">:</span> "8.4.0-tr",
"mysql_user"<span class="token punctuation">:</span> "root@localhost","events"<span class="token punctuation">:</span> [{"nesting_event_id"<span class="token punctuation">:</span> "0",
"event_id"<span class="token punctuation">:</span> "10", "timer_wait"<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 256.35, "event_info"<span class="token punctuation">:</span> "sql/select",
"wait_info"<span class="token punctuation">:</span> "select @@version_comment limit 1\nerrors<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0\nwarnings<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0\nlock time<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
...</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/events-syntax.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="events-syntax">
</a>
27.4.3 Event Syntax
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082113936">
</a>
<p>
MySQL provides several SQL statements for working with scheduled
events:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
New events are defined using the
<a class="link" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
EVENT
</code>
</a>
statement. See
<a class="xref" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.13, “CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The definition of an existing event can be changed by means of
the
<a class="link" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER EVENT
</code>
</a>
statement. See
<a class="xref" href="alter-event.html" title="15.1.3 ALTER EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.3, “ALTER EVENT Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When a scheduled event is no longer wanted or needed, it can
be deleted from the server by its definer using the
<a class="link" href="drop-event.html" title="15.1.25 DROP EVENT Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP EVENT
</code>
</a>
statement. See
<a class="xref" href="drop-event.html" title="15.1.25 DROP EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.25, “DROP EVENT Statement”
</a>
. Whether an event persists past
the end of its schedule also depends on its
<code class="literal">
ON
COMPLETION
</code>
clause, if it has one. See
<a class="xref" href="create-event.html" title="15.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement">
Section 15.1.13, “CREATE EVENT Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
An event can be dropped by any user having the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_event">
<code class="literal">
EVENT
</code>
</a>
privilege for the
database on which the event is defined. See
<a class="xref" href="events-privileges.html" title="27.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges">
Section 27.4.6, “The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/archive-storage-engine.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="archive-storage-engine">
</a>
18.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045147691472">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045147690432">
</a>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
storage engine produces
special-purpose tables that store large amounts of unindexed data in
a very small footprint.
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="idm46045147687648">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Table 18.5 ARCHIVE Storage Engine Features
</b>
</p>
<div class="table-contents">
<table frame="box" rules="all" summary="Features supported by the ARCHIVE storage engine.">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 60%"/>
<col style="width: 40%"/>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
Feature
</th>
<th>
Support
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
B-tree indexes
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Backup/point-in-time recovery
</strong>
</span>
(Implemented in the server, rather than in the storage engine.)
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Cluster database support
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Clustered indexes
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Compressed data
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Data caches
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Encrypted data
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes (Implemented in the server via encryption functions.)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Foreign key support
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Full-text search indexes
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Geospatial data type support
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Geospatial indexing support
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Hash indexes
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Index caches
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Locking granularity
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Row
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
MVCC
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Replication support
</strong>
</span>
(Implemented in the server, rather than in the storage engine.)
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Storage limits
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
None
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
T-tree indexes
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Transactions
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
No
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Update statistics for data dictionary
</strong>
</span>
</td>
<td>
Yes
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="table-contents">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="position: fixed; top: 0px; display: none; left: 401px; width: 739px;">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="width: 442.797px;">
Feature
</th>
<th style="width: 295.203px;">
Support
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"/>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
storage engine is included in MySQL
binary distributions. To enable this storage engine if you build
MySQL from source, invoke
<span class="command">
<strong>
CMake
</strong>
</span>
with the
<a class="link" href="source-configuration-options.html#option_cmake_storage_engine_options" title="Storage Engine Options">
<code class="option">
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE
</code>
</a>
option.
</p>
<p>
To examine the source for the
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
engine,
look in the
<code class="filename">
storage/archive
</code>
directory of a
MySQL source distribution.
</p>
<p>
You can check whether the
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
storage engine
is available with the
<a class="link" href="show-engines.html" title="15.7.7.17 SHOW ENGINES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW ENGINES
</code>
</a>
statement.
</p>
<p>
When you create an
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
table, the storage
engine creates files with names that begin with the table name. The
data file has an extension of
<code class="filename">
.ARZ
</code>
. An
<code class="filename">
.ARN
</code>
file may appear during optimization
operations.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
engine supports
<a class="link" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSERT
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="replace.html" title="15.2.12 REPLACE Statement">
<code class="literal">
REPLACE
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
, but not
<a class="link" href="delete.html" title="15.2.2 DELETE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DELETE
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
</code>
</a>
. It does support
<code class="literal">
ORDER BY
</code>
operations,
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
BLOB
</code>
</a>
columns, and spatial data types
(see
<a class="xref" href="spatial-type-overview.html" title="13.4.1 Spatial Data Types">
Section 13.4.1, “Spatial Data Types”
</a>
). Geographic spatial
reference systems are not supported. The
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
engine uses row-level locking.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
engine supports the
<code class="literal">
AUTO_INCREMENT
</code>
column attribute. The
<code class="literal">
AUTO_INCREMENT
</code>
column can have either a unique or
nonunique index. Attempting to create an index on any other column
results in an error. The
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
engine also
supports the
<code class="literal">
AUTO_INCREMENT
</code>
table option in
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
statements to specify
the initial sequence value for a new table or reset the sequence
value for an existing table, respectively.
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
does not support inserting a value into
an
<code class="literal">
AUTO_INCREMENT
</code>
column less than the current
maximum column value. Attempts to do so result in an
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/mysql-errors/8.4/en/server-error-reference.html#error_er_dup_key" target="_top">
<code class="literal">
ER_DUP_KEY
</code>
</a>
error.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
engine ignores
<a class="link" href="blob.html" title="13.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT Types">
<code class="literal">
BLOB
</code>
</a>
columns if they are not
requested and scans past them while reading.
</p>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
storage engine does not support
partitioning.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Storage:
</strong>
</span>
Rows are compressed as
they are inserted. The
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
engine uses
<code class="literal">
zlib
</code>
lossless data compression (see
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.zlib.net/" target="_blank">
http://www.zlib.net/
</a>
). You can use
<a class="link" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
OPTIMIZE TABLE
</code>
</a>
to analyze the table
and pack it into a smaller format (for a reason to use
<a class="link" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
OPTIMIZE TABLE
</code>
</a>
, see later in this
section). The engine also supports
<a class="link" href="check-table.html" title="15.7.3.2 CHECK TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHECK
TABLE
</code>
</a>
. There are several types of insertions that are
used:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
An
<a class="link" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSERT
</code>
</a>
statement just pushes
rows into a compression buffer, and that buffer flushes as
necessary. The insertion into the buffer is protected by a lock.
A
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
forces a flush to occur.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
A bulk insert is visible only after it completes, unless other
inserts occur at the same time, in which case it can be seen
partially. A
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
never causes
a flush of a bulk insert unless a normal insert occurs while it
is loading.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
<span class="bold">
<strong>
Retrieval
</strong>
</span>
: On retrieval, rows are
uncompressed on demand; there is no row cache. A
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
operation performs a complete
table scan: When a
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
occurs, it
finds out how many rows are currently available and reads that
number of rows.
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
is performed
as a consistent read. Note that lots of
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
statements during insertion
can deteriorate the compression, unless only bulk inserts are used.
To achieve better compression, you can use
<a class="link" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
OPTIMIZE TABLE
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="repair-table.html" title="15.7.3.5 REPAIR TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
REPAIR TABLE
</code>
</a>
. The number of rows in
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
tables reported by
<a class="link" href="show-table-status.html" title="15.7.7.38 SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW TABLE STATUS
</code>
</a>
is always accurate.
See
<a class="xref" href="optimize-table.html" title="15.7.3.4 OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.4, “OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement”
</a>
,
<a class="xref" href="repair-table.html" title="15.7.3.5 REPAIR TABLE Statement">
Section 15.7.3.5, “REPAIR TABLE Statement”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="show-table-status.html" title="15.7.7.38 SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.38, “SHOW TABLE STATUS Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
<h3>
<a name="idm46045147573680">
</a>
Additional Resources
</h3>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
A forum dedicated to the
<code class="literal">
ARCHIVE
</code>
storage
engine is available at
<a class="ulink" href="https://forums.mysql.com/list.php?112" target="_blank">
https://forums.mysql.com/list.php?112
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/ipv6-server-config.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="ipv6-server-config">
</a>
7.1.13.2 Configuring the MySQL Server to Permit IPv6 Connections
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
The MySQL server listens on one or more network sockets for
TCP/IP connections. Each socket is bound to one address, but it
is possible for an address to map onto multiple network
interfaces.
</p>
<p>
Set the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_bind_address">
<code class="literal">
bind_address
</code>
</a>
system
variable at server startup to specify the TCP/IP connections
that a server instance accepts. You can specify multiple values
for this option, including any combination of IPv6 addresses,
IPv4 addresses, and host names that resolve to IPv6 or IPv4
addresses. Alternatively, you can specify one of the wildcard
address formats that permit listening on multiple network
interfaces. A value of *, which is the default, or a value of
<code class="literal">
::
</code>
, permit both IPv4 and IPv6 connections on
all server host IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces. For more information,
see the
<a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_bind_address">
<code class="literal">
bind_address
</code>
</a>
description in
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects">
</a>
25.6.11.1 NDB Cluster Disk Data Objects
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
NDB Cluster Disk Data storage is implemented using the following
objects:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="firstterm">
Tablespace
</span>
: Acts as
containers for other Disk Data objects. A tablespace
contains one or more data files and one or more undo log
file groups.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="firstterm">
Data file
</span>
: Stores
column data. A data file is assigned directly to a
tablespace.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="firstterm">
Undo log file
</span>
:
Contains undo information required for rolling back
transactions. Assigned to an undo log file group.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<span class="firstterm">
log file group
</span>
:
Contains one or more undo log files. Assigned to a
tablespace.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Undo log files and data files are actual files in the file
system of each data node; by default they are placed in
<code class="literal">
ndb_
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
node_id
</code>
</em>
_fs
</code>
in
the
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
DataDir
</code>
</em>
specified in the NDB
Cluster
<code class="filename">
config.ini
</code>
file, and where
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
node_id
</code>
</em>
is the data node's node
ID. It is possible to place these elsewhere by specifying either
an absolute or relative path as part of the filename when
creating the undo log or data file. Statements that create these
files are shown later in this section.
</p>
<p>
Undo log files are used only by Disk Data tables, and are not
needed or used by
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
tables that are stored
in memory only.
</p>
<p>
NDB Cluster tablespaces and log file groups are not implemented
as files.
</p>
<p>
Although not all Disk Data objects are implemented as files,
they all share the same namespace. This means that
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
each Disk Data object
</em>
</span>
must be uniquely
named (and not merely each Disk Data object of a given type).
For example, you cannot have a tablespace and a log file group
both named
<code class="literal">
dd1
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
Assuming that you have already set up an NDB Cluster with all
nodes (including management and SQL nodes), the basic steps for
creating an NDB Cluster table on disk are as follows:
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091697216">
</a>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create a log file group, and assign one or more undo log
files to it (an undo log file is also sometimes referred to
as an
<span class="firstterm">
undofile
</span>
).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create a tablespace; assign the log file group, as well as
one or more data files, to the tablespace.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Create a Disk Data table that uses this tablespace for data
storage.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
Each of these tasks can be accomplished using SQL statements in
the
<a class="link" href="mysql.html" title="6.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysql
</strong>
</span>
</a>
client or other MySQL client
application, as shown in the example that follows.
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091687456">
</a>
We create a log file group named
<code class="literal">
lg_1
</code>
using
<a class="link" href="create-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.16 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE LOGFILE GROUP
</code>
</a>
.
This log file group is to be made up of two undo log files,
which we name
<code class="filename">
undo_1.log
</code>
and
<code class="filename">
undo_2.log
</code>
, whose initial sizes are 16
MB and 12 MB, respectively. (The default initial size for an
undo log file is 128 MB.) Optionally, you can also specify a
size for the log file group's undo buffer, or permit it
to assume the default value of 8 MB. In this example, we set
the UNDO buffer's size at 2 MB. A log file group must
be created with an undo log file; so we add
<code class="filename">
undo_1.log
</code>
to
<code class="literal">
lg_1
</code>
in this
<a class="link" href="create-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.16 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE LOGFILE GROUP
</code>
</a>
statement:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa82491990"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">LOGFILE</span> <span class="token keyword">GROUP</span> lg_1
<span class="token keyword">ADD</span> <span class="token keyword">UNDOFILE</span> <span class="token string">'undo_1.log'</span>
<span class="token keyword">INITIAL_SIZE</span> 16M
<span class="token keyword">UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE</span> 2M
<span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span> <span class="token keyword">NDBCLUSTER</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To add
<code class="filename">
undo_2.log
</code>
to the log file
group, use the following
<a class="link" href="alter-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.6 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER LOGFILE
GROUP
</code>
</a>
statement:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa34569758"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">LOGFILE</span> <span class="token keyword">GROUP</span> lg_1
<span class="token keyword">ADD</span> <span class="token keyword">UNDOFILE</span> <span class="token string">'undo_2.log'</span>
<span class="token keyword">INITIAL_SIZE</span> 12M
<span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span> <span class="token keyword">NDBCLUSTER</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Some items of note:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="filename">
.log
</code>
file extension used here
is not required. We employ it merely to make the log
files easily recognizable.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Every
<a class="link" href="create-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.16 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE LOGFILE
GROUP
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="alter-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.6 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER LOGFILE
GROUP
</code>
</a>
statement must include an
<code class="literal">
ENGINE
</code>
option. The only permitted
values for this option are
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDBCLUSTER
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
There can exist at most one log file group in the same
NDB Cluster at any given time.
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When you add an undo log file to a log file group using
<code class="literal">
ADD UNDOFILE
'
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
filename
</code>
</em>
'
</code>
, a file
with the name
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
filename
</code>
</em>
is
created in the
<code class="literal">
ndb_
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
node_id
</code>
</em>
_fs
</code>
directory within the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-ndbd-definition.html#ndbparam-ndbd-datadir">
<code class="literal">
DataDir
</code>
</a>
of each
data node in the cluster, where
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
node_id
</code>
</em>
is the node ID of the
data node. Each undo log file is of the size specified
in the SQL statement. For example, if an NDB Cluster has
4 data nodes, then the
<a class="link" href="alter-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.6 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
LOGFILE GROUP
</code>
</a>
statement just shown creates 4
undo log files, 1 each on in the data directory of each
of the 4 data nodes; each of these files is named
<code class="filename">
undo_2.log
</code>
and each file is 12 MB
in size.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE
</code>
is limited by the
amount of system memory available.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
See
<a class="xref" href="create-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.16 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.1.16, “CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="alter-logfile-group.html" title="15.1.6 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement">
Section 15.1.6, “ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement”
</a>
, for more
information about these statements.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091652560">
</a>
Now we can create a tablespace—an abstract container
for files used by Disk Data tables to store data. A
tablespace is associated with a particular log file group;
when creating a new tablespace, you must specify the log
file group it uses for undo logging. You must also specify
at least one data file; you can add more data files to the
tablespace after the tablespace is created. It is also
possible to drop data files from a tablespace (see example
later in this section).
</p>
<p>
Assume that we wish to create a tablespace named
<code class="literal">
ts_1
</code>
which uses
<code class="literal">
lg_1
</code>
as its log file group. We want the tablespace to contain two
data files, named
<code class="filename">
data_1.dat
</code>
and
<code class="filename">
data_2.dat
</code>
, whose initial sizes are 32
MB and 48 MB, respectively. (The default value for
<code class="literal">
INITIAL_SIZE
</code>
is 128 MB.) We can do this
using two SQL statements, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa84953372"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLESPACE</span> ts_1
<span class="token keyword">ADD</span> <span class="token keyword">DATAFILE</span> <span class="token string">'data_1.dat'</span>
<span class="token keyword">USE</span> <span class="token keyword">LOGFILE</span> <span class="token keyword">GROUP</span> lg_1
<span class="token keyword">INITIAL_SIZE</span> 32M
<span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span> <span class="token keyword">NDBCLUSTER</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLESPACE</span> ts_1
<span class="token keyword">ADD</span> <span class="token keyword">DATAFILE</span> <span class="token string">'data_2.dat'</span>
<span class="token keyword">INITIAL_SIZE</span> 48M<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLESPACE
</code>
</a>
statement creates a tablespace
<code class="literal">
ts_1
</code>
with
the data file
<code class="filename">
data_1.dat
</code>
, and
associates
<code class="literal">
ts_1
</code>
with log file group
<code class="literal">
lg_1
</code>
. The
<a class="link" href="alter-tablespace.html" title="15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
TABLESPACE
</code>
</a>
adds the second data file
(
<code class="filename">
data_2.dat
</code>
).
</p>
<p>
Some items of note:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
As is the case with the
<code class="filename">
.log
</code>
file
extension used in this example for undo log files, there
is no special significance for the
<code class="filename">
.dat
</code>
file extension; it is used
merely for easy recognition.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
When you add a data file to a tablespace using
<code class="literal">
ADD DATAFILE
'
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
filename
</code>
</em>
'
</code>
, a file
with the name
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
filename
</code>
</em>
is
created in the
<code class="literal">
ndb_
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
node_id
</code>
</em>
_fs
</code>
directory within the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-ndbd-definition.html#ndbparam-ndbd-datadir">
<code class="literal">
DataDir
</code>
</a>
of each
data node in the cluster, where
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
node_id
</code>
</em>
is the node ID of the
data node. Each data file is of the size specified in
the SQL statement. For example, if an NDB Cluster has 4
data nodes, then the
<a class="link" href="alter-tablespace.html" title="15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
TABLESPACE
</code>
</a>
statement just shown creates 4 data
files, 1 each in the data directory of each of the 4
data nodes; each of these files is named
<code class="filename">
data_2.dat
</code>
, and each file is 48 MB
in size.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
reserves 4% of each tablespace
for use during data node restarts. This space is not
available for storing data.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLESPACE
</code>
</a>
statements must contain an
<code class="literal">
ENGINE
</code>
clause; only tables using the same storage engine as the
tablespace can be created in the tablespace. For
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
tablespaces,
<a class="link" href="alter-tablespace.html" title="15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLESPACE
</code>
</a>
accepts
an
<code class="literal">
ENGINE
</code>
clause only for
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLESPACE ... ADD DATAFILE
</code>
;
<code class="literal">
ENGINE
</code>
is rejected for any other
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLESPACE
</code>
statement. For
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
tablespaces, the only permitted
values for the
<code class="literal">
ENGINE
</code>
option are
<code class="literal">
NDBCLUSTER
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Allocation of extents is performed in round-robin
fashion among all data files used by a given tablespace.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For more information about the
<a class="link" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLESPACE
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="alter-tablespace.html" title="15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLESPACE
</code>
</a>
statements, see
<a class="xref" href="create-tablespace.html" title="15.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.21, “CREATE TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
, and
<a class="xref" href="alter-tablespace.html" title="15.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement">
Section 15.1.10, “ALTER TABLESPACE Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091608576">
</a>
Now it is possible to create a table whose unindexed columns
are stored on disk using files in tablespace
<code class="literal">
ts_1
</code>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa95716006"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> dt_1 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
member_id <span class="token datatype">INT</span> <span class="token keyword">UNSIGNED</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span> <span class="token keyword">AUTO_INCREMENT</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
last_name <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
first_name <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
dob <span class="token datatype">DATE</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
joined <span class="token datatype">DATE</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">INDEX</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>last_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> first_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">TABLESPACE</span> ts_1 <span class="token keyword">STORAGE</span> <span class="token keyword">DISK</span>
<span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span> <span class="token keyword">NDBCLUSTER</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<code class="literal">
TABLESPACE ts_1 STORAGE DISK
</code>
tells the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
storage engine to use
tablespace
<code class="literal">
ts_1
</code>
for data storage on disk.
</p>
<p>
Once table
<code class="literal">
ts_1
</code>
has been created as
shown, you can perform
<a class="link" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSERT
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="update.html" title="15.2.17 UPDATE Statement">
<code class="literal">
UPDATE
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="delete.html" title="15.2.2 DELETE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DELETE
</code>
</a>
statements on it just
as you would with any other MySQL table.
</p>
<p>
It is also possible to specify whether an individual column
is stored on disk or in memory by using a
<code class="literal">
STORAGE
</code>
clause as part of the
column's definition in a
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
TABLE
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement.
<code class="literal">
STORAGE DISK
</code>
causes the column to be stored on disk, and
<code class="literal">
STORAGE
MEMORY
</code>
causes in-memory storage to be used. See
<a class="xref" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.20, “CREATE TABLE Statement”
</a>
, for more information.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
You can obtain information about the
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
disk
data files and undo log files just created by querying the
<a class="link" href="information-schema-files-table.html" title="28.3.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table">
<code class="literal">
FILES
</code>
</a>
table in the
<code class="literal">
INFORMATION_SCHEMA
</code>
database, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa48927252"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span>
FILE_NAME <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token keyword">File</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> FILE_TYPE <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token keyword">Type</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
TABLESPACE_NAME <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token keyword">Tablespace</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE_NAME</span> <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token keyword">Name</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token string">'File group'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
FREE_EXTENTS <span class="token keyword">AS</span> Free<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TOTAL_EXTENTS <span class="token keyword">AS</span> Total
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span>FILES
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'ndbcluster'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> File <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Type <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Tablespace <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Name <span class="token punctuation">|</span> File group <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Free <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Total <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ./undo_1.log <span class="token punctuation">|</span> UNDO LOG <span class="token punctuation">|</span> lg_1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NULL <span class="token punctuation">|</span> lg_1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 4194304 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ./undo_2.log <span class="token punctuation">|</span> UNDO LOG <span class="token punctuation">|</span> lg_1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NULL <span class="token punctuation">|</span> lg_1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 3145728 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ./data_1.dat <span class="token punctuation">|</span> DATAFILE <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ts_1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NULL <span class="token punctuation">|</span> lg_1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 32 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 32 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ./data_2.dat <span class="token punctuation">|</span> DATAFILE <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ts_1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NULL <span class="token punctuation">|</span> lg_1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 48 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 48 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output">4 rows in set (0.00 sec)</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For more information and examples, see
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-files-table.html" title="28.3.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table">
Section 28.3.15, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
<b>
Indexing of columns implicitly stored on disk.
</b>
For table
<code class="literal">
dt_1
</code>
as defined in the example
just shown, only the
<code class="literal">
dob
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
joined
</code>
columns are stored on disk. This is
because there are indexes on the
<code class="literal">
id
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
last_name
</code>
, and
<code class="literal">
first_name
</code>
columns, and so data belonging
to these columns is stored in RAM. Only nonindexed columns can
be held on disk; indexes and indexed column data continue to
be stored in memory. This tradeoff between the use of indexes
and conservation of RAM is something you must keep in mind as
you design Disk Data tables.
</p>
<p>
You cannot add an index to a column that has been explicitly
declared
<code class="literal">
STORAGE DISK
</code>
, without first changing
its storage type to
<code class="literal">
MEMORY
</code>
; any attempt to do
so fails with an error. A column which
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
implicitly
</em>
</span>
uses disk storage can be
indexed; when this is done, the column's storage type is
changed to
<code class="literal">
MEMORY
</code>
automatically. By
<span class="quote">
“
<span class="quote">
implicitly
</span>
”
</span>
, we mean a column whose storage type
is not declared, but which is which inherited from the parent
table. In the following CREATE TABLE statement (using the
tablespace
<code class="literal">
ts_1
</code>
defined previously), columns
<code class="literal">
c2
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
c3
</code>
use disk storage
implicitly:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa54797376"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> ti <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> c1 <span class="token datatype">INT</span> <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> c2 <span class="token datatype">INT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> c3 <span class="token datatype">INT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> c4 <span class="token datatype">INT</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">STORAGE</span> <span class="token keyword">DISK</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">TABLESPACE</span> ts_1
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span> <span class="token keyword">NDBCLUSTER</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.31 sec)</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Because
<code class="literal">
c2
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
c3
</code>
, and
<code class="literal">
c4
</code>
are themselves not declared with
<code class="literal">
STORAGE DISK
</code>
, it is possible to index them.
Here, we add indexes to
<code class="literal">
c2
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
c3
</code>
, using, respectively,
<code class="literal">
CREATE
INDEX
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
</code>
:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa22089897"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> i1 <span class="token keyword">ON</span> ti<span class="token punctuation">(</span>c2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.72 sec)</span>
<span class="token output">Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> ti <span class="token keyword">ADD</span> <span class="token keyword">INDEX</span> i2<span class="token punctuation">(</span>c3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.92 sec)</span>
<span class="token output">Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<a class="link" href="show-create-table.html" title="15.7.7.11 SHOW CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW CREATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
confirms that
the indexes were added.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa3283236"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> ti\G
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 1. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
Table<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ti
Create Table<span class="token punctuation">:</span> CREATE TABLE `ti` (
`c1` int(11) NOT NULL,
`c2` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`c3` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`c4` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`c1`),
KEY `i1` (`c2`),
KEY `i2` (`c3`)
) /<span class="token punctuation">*</span>!50100 TABLESPACE `ts_1` STORAGE DISK <span class="token punctuation">*</span>/ ENGINE=ndbcluster DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
</span><span class="token output">1 row in set (0.00 sec)</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can see using
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-programs-ndb-desc.html" title="25.5.9 ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables">
<span class="command">
<strong>
ndb_desc
</strong>
</span>
</a>
that the indexed
columns (emphasized text) now use in-memory rather than on-disk
storage:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa48655371"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">./ndb_desc</span> <span class="token property">-d</span> test t1
<span class="token property">--</span> t1 <span class="token property">--</span>
Version<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 33554433
Fragment type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> HashMapPartition
K Value<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 6
Min load factor<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 78
Max load factor<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 80
Temporary table<span class="token punctuation">:</span> no
Number of attributes<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 4
Number of primary keys<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
Length of frm data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 317
Max Rows<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
Row Checksum<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
Row GCI<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
SingleUserMode<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
ForceVarPart<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1
PartitionCount<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 4
FragmentCount<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 4
PartitionBalance<span class="token punctuation">:</span> FOR_RP_BY_LDM
ExtraRowGciBits<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
ExtraRowAuthorBits<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0
TableStatus<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Retrieved
Table options<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
HashMap<span class="token punctuation">:</span> DEFAULT-HASHMAP-3840-4
<span class="token property">--</span> Attributes <span class="token property">--</span>
c1 Int PRIMARY KEY DISTRIBUTION KEY AT<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>FIXED</span> ST<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>MEMORY</span>
<em>c2 Int NULL AT<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>FIXED</span> ST<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>MEMORY</span>
c3 Int NULL AT<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>FIXED</span> ST<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>MEMORY</span></em><span class="token attr-value"></span>
c4 Int NULL AT<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>FIXED</span> ST<span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>DISK</span>
<span class="token property">--</span> Indexes <span class="token property">--</span>
PRIMARY KEY<span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> - UniqueHashIndex
i2<span class="token punctuation">(</span>c3<span class="token punctuation">)</span> - OrderedIndex
PRIMARY<span class="token punctuation">(</span>c1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> - OrderedIndex
i1<span class="token punctuation">(</span>c2<span class="token punctuation">)</span> - OrderedIndex</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
<b>
Performance note.
</b>
The performance of a cluster using Disk Data storage is
greatly improved if Disk Data files are kept on a separate
physical disk from the data node file system. This must be
done for each data node in the cluster to derive any
noticeable benefit.
</p>
<p>
You can use absolute and relative file system paths with
<code class="literal">
ADD UNDOFILE
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
ADD
DATAFILE
</code>
; relative paths are calculated with respect
to the data node's data directory.
</p>
<p>
A log file group, a tablespace, and any Disk Data tables using
these must be created in a particular order. This is also true
for dropping these objects, subject to the following
constraints:
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045091537376">
</a>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
A log file group cannot be dropped as long as any
tablespaces use it.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
A tablespace cannot be dropped as long as it contains any
data files.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
You cannot drop any data files from a tablespace as long as
there remain any tables which are using the tablespace.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
It is not possible to drop files created in association with
a different tablespace other than the one with which the
files were created.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
For example, to drop all the objects created so far in this
section, you can use the following statements:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa23503033"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> dt_1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLESPACE</span> ts_1
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">DATAFILE</span> <span class="token string">'data_2.dat'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLESPACE</span> ts_1
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">DATAFILE</span> <span class="token string">'data_1.dat'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLESPACE</span> ts_1<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">DROP</span> <span class="token keyword">LOGFILE</span> <span class="token keyword">GROUP</span> lg_1<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
These statements must be performed in the order shown, except
that the two
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLESPACE ... DROP
DATAFILE
</code>
statements may be executed in either order.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Older versions of NDB Cluster used an
<code class="literal">
ENGINE
</code>
clause with
<code class="literal">
ALTER
TABLESPACE ... DROP DATAFILE
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
DROP
TABLESPACE
</code>
. In NDB 8.4 and later, it is no longer
supported with either of these statements.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/monitor-innodb-mutex-waits-performance-schema.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="monitor-innodb-mutex-waits-performance-schema">
</a>
17.16.2 Monitoring InnoDB Mutex Waits Using Performance Schema
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149542320">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045149540832">
</a>
<p>
A mutex is a synchronization mechanism used in the code to enforce
that only one thread at a given time can have access to a common
resource. When two or more threads executing in the server need to
access the same resource, the threads compete against each other.
The first thread to obtain a lock on the mutex causes the other
threads to wait until the lock is released.
</p>
<p>
For
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
mutexes that are instrumented, mutex
waits can be monitored using
<a class="link" href="performance-schema.html" title="Chapter 29 MySQL Performance Schema">
Performance Schema
</a>
. Wait
event data collected in Performance Schema tables can help
identify mutexes with the most waits or the greatest total wait
time, for example.
</p>
<p>
The following example demonstrates how to enable
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
mutex wait instruments, how to enable
associated consumers, and how to query wait event data.
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
To view available
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
mutex wait
instruments, query the Performance Schema
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_instruments
</code>
</a>
table. All
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
mutex wait instruments are disabled
by default.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa89541128"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>setup_instruments
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">NAME</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'%wait/synch/mutex/innodb%'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> NAME <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ENABLED <span class="token punctuation">|</span> TIMED <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/commit_cond_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/innobase_share_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/autoinc_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/autoinc_persisted_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_flush_state_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_LRU_list_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_free_list_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_zip_free_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_zip_hash_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_zip_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/cache_last_read_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/dict_foreign_err_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/dict_persist_dirty_tables_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/dict_sys_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/recalc_pool_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/fil_system_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/flush_list_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/fts_bg_threads_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/fts_delete_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/fts_optimize_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/fts_doc_id_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_flush_order_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/hash_table_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/ibuf_bitmap_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/ibuf_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/ibuf_pessimistic_insert_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_sys_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_sys_write_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/mutex_list_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/page_zip_stat_per_index_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/purge_sys_pq_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/recv_sys_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/recv_writer_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/redo_rseg_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/noredo_rseg_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/rw_lock_list_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/rw_lock_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/srv_dict_tmpfile_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/srv_innodb_monitor_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/srv_misc_tmpfile_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/srv_monitor_file_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_dblwr_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/trx_undo_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/trx_pool_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/trx_pool_manager_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/srv_sys_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/lock_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/lock_wait_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/trx_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/srv_threads_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/rtr_active_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/rtr_match_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/rtr_path_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/rtr_ssn_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/trx_sys_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/zip_pad_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/master_key_id_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Some
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
mutex instances are created at
server startup and are only instrumented if the associated
instrument is also enabled at server startup. To ensure that
all
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
mutex instances are instrumented
and enabled, add the following
<code class="literal">
performance-schema-instrument
</code>
rule to your
MySQL configuration file:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-ini"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa43677682"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-ini"><span class="token constant">performance-schema-instrument</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>'wait/synch/mutex/innodb/%=ON'</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If you do not require wait event data for all
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
mutexes, you can disable specific
instruments by adding additional
<code class="literal">
performance-schema-instrument
</code>
rules to your
MySQL configuration file. For example, to disable
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
mutex wait event instruments related
to full-text search, add the following rule:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-ini"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa82323985"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-ini"><span class="token constant">performance-schema-instrument</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>'wait/synch/mutex/innodb/fts%=OFF'</span></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
Rules with a longer prefix such as
<code class="literal">
wait/synch/mutex/innodb/fts%
</code>
take
precedence over rules with shorter prefixes such as
<code class="literal">
wait/synch/mutex/innodb/%
</code>
.
</p>
</div>
<p>
After adding the
<code class="literal">
performance-schema-instrument
</code>
rules to your
configuration file, restart the server. All the
<code class="literal">
InnoDB
</code>
mutexes except for those related to
full text search are enabled. To verify, query the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-instruments-table.html" title="29.12.2.3 The setup_instruments Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_instruments
</code>
</a>
table. The
<code class="literal">
ENABLED
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
TIMED
</code>
columns should be set to
<code class="literal">
YES
</code>
for the
instruments that you enabled.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa84802204"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span>
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>setup_instruments
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">NAME</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'%wait/synch/mutex/innodb%'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> NAME <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ENABLED <span class="token punctuation">|</span> TIMED <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/commit_cond_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/innobase_share_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/autoinc_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/master_key_id_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output">49 rows in set (0.00 sec)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Enable wait event consumers by updating the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-consumers-table.html" title="29.12.2.2 The setup_consumers Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_consumers
</code>
</a>
table. Wait event
consumers are disabled by default.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa71369097"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>setup_consumers
<span class="token keyword">SET</span> enabled <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'YES'</span>
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">name</span> <span class="token operator">like</span> <span class="token string">'events_waits%'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output">Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)</span>
<span class="token output">Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can verify that wait event consumers are enabled by
querying the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-setup-consumers-table.html" title="29.12.2.2 The setup_consumers Table">
<code class="literal">
setup_consumers
</code>
</a>
table. The
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-waits-current-table.html" title="29.12.4.1 The events_waits_current Table">
<code class="literal">
events_waits_current
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-waits-history-table.html" title="29.12.4.2 The events_waits_history Table">
<code class="literal">
events_waits_history
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-waits-history-long-table.html" title="29.12.4.3 The events_waits_history_long Table">
<code class="literal">
events_waits_history_long
</code>
</a>
consumers should be enabled.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa81333659"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>setup_consumers<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> NAME <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ENABLED <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_stages_current <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_stages_history <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_stages_history_long <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_statements_current <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_statements_history <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_statements_history_long <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_transactions_current <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_transactions_history <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_transactions_history_long <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NO <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_waits_current <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_waits_history <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> events_waits_history_long <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> global_instrumentation <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> thread_instrumentation <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> statements_digest <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output">15 rows in set (0.00 sec)</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Once instruments and consumers are enabled, run the workload
that you want to monitor. In this example, the
<a class="link" href="mysqlslap.html" title="6.5.7 mysqlslap — A Load Emulation Client">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqlslap
</strong>
</span>
</a>
load emulation client is used to
simulate a workload.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa4402429"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">./mysqlslap</span> <span class="token property">--auto-generate-sql</span> <span class="token constant">--concurrency</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>100</span> <span class="token constant">--iterations</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>10</span>
<span class="token constant">--number-of-queries</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>1000</span> <span class="token constant">--number-char-cols</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>6</span> <span class="token constant">--number-int-cols</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>6;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Query the wait event data. In this example, wait event data is
queried from the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-wait-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.1 Wait Event Summary Tables">
<code class="literal">
events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name
</code>
</a>
table which aggregates data found in the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-waits-current-table.html" title="29.12.4.1 The events_waits_current Table">
<code class="literal">
events_waits_current
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-waits-history-table.html" title="29.12.4.2 The events_waits_history Table">
<code class="literal">
events_waits_history
</code>
</a>
, and
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-events-waits-history-long-table.html" title="29.12.4.3 The events_waits_history_long Table">
<code class="literal">
events_waits_history_long
</code>
</a>
tables.
Data is summarized by event name
(
<code class="literal">
EVENT_NAME
</code>
), which is the name of the
instrument that produced the event. Summarized data includes:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
COUNT_STAR
</code>
</p>
<p>
The number of summarized wait events.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
SUM_TIMER_WAIT
</code>
</p>
<p>
The total wait time of the summarized timed wait events.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
MIN_TIMER_WAIT
</code>
</p>
<p>
The minimum wait time of the summarized timed wait events.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
AVG_TIMER_WAIT
</code>
</p>
<p>
The average wait time of the summarized timed wait events.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<code class="literal">
MAX_TIMER_WAIT
</code>
</p>
<p>
The maximum wait time of the summarized timed wait events.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The following query returns the instrument name
(
<code class="literal">
EVENT_NAME
</code>
), the number of wait events
(
<code class="literal">
COUNT_STAR
</code>
), and the total wait time for
the events for that instrument
(
<code class="literal">
SUM_TIMER_WAIT
</code>
). Because waits are timed
in picoseconds (trillionths of a second) by default, wait
times are divided by 1000000000 to show wait times in
milliseconds. Data is presented in descending order, by the
number of summarized wait events
(
<code class="literal">
COUNT_STAR
</code>
). You can adjust the
<code class="literal">
ORDER BY
</code>
clause to order the data by total
wait time.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa63888365"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> EVENT_NAME<span class="token punctuation">,</span> COUNT_STAR<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SUM_TIMER_WAIT<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token number">1000000000</span> SUM_TIMER_WAIT_MS
<span class="token keyword">FROM</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name
<span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> SUM_TIMER_WAIT <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">AND</span> EVENT_NAME <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'wait/synch/mutex/innodb/%'</span>
<span class="token keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> COUNT_STAR <span class="token keyword">DESC</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> EVENT_NAME <span class="token punctuation">|</span> COUNT_STAR <span class="token punctuation">|</span> SUM_TIMER_WAIT_MS <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/trx_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 201111 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 23.4719 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/fil_system_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 62244 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 9.6426 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/redo_rseg_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 48238 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 3.1135 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_sys_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 46113 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 2.0434 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/trx_sys_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 35134 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1068.1588 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/lock_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 34872 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1039.2589 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_sys_write_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 17805 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1526.0490 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/dict_sys_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 14912 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1606.7348 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/trx_undo_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 10634 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1.1424 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/rw_lock_list_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 8538 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.1960 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_free_list_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 5961 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.6473 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/trx_pool_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 4885 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 8821.7496 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_LRU_list_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 4364 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.2077 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/innobase_share_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 3212 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.2650 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/flush_list_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 3178 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.2349 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/trx_pool_manager_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 2495 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.1310 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_pool_flush_state_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1318 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.2161 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/log_flush_order_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1250 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0893 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/buf_dblwr_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 951 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0918 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/recalc_pool_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 670 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0942 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/dict_persist_dirty_tables_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 345 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0414 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/lock_wait_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 303 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.1565 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/autoinc_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 196 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0213 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/autoinc_persisted_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 196 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0175 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/purge_sys_pq_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 117 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0308 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/srv_sys_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 94 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0077 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/ibuf_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 22 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0086 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/recv_sys_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 12 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0008 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/srv_innodb_monitor_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 4 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0009 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> wait/synch/mutex/innodb/recv_writer_mutex <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0.0005 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
The preceding result set includes wait event data produced
during the startup process. To exclude this data, you can
truncate the
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-wait-summary-tables.html" title="29.12.20.1 Wait Event Summary Tables">
<code class="literal">
events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name
</code>
</a>
table immediately after startup and before running your
workload. However, the truncate operation itself may produce
a negligible amount wait event data.
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa92943100"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">TRUNCATE</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>events_waits_summary_global_by_event_name<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/view-restrictions.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="view-restrictions">
</a>
27.9 Restrictions on Views
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045081117616">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045081116128">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045081114640">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045081113152">
</a>
<p>
The maximum number of tables that can be referenced in the
definition of a view is 61.
</p>
<p>
View processing is not optimized:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
It is not possible to create an index on a view.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Indexes can be used for views processed using the merge
algorithm. However, a view that is processed with the
temptable algorithm is unable to take advantage of indexes on
its underlying tables (although indexes can be used during
generation of the temporary tables).
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
There is a general principle that you cannot modify a table and
select from the same table in a subquery. See
<a class="xref" href="subquery-restrictions.html" title="15.2.15.12 Restrictions on Subqueries">
Section 15.2.15.12, “Restrictions on Subqueries”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
The same principle also applies if you select from a view that
selects from the table, if the view selects from the table in a
subquery and the view is evaluated using the merge algorithm.
Example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa98314354"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">VIEW</span> v1 <span class="token keyword">AS</span>
<span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t2 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">EXISTS</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>a <span class="token operator">=</span> t2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>a<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">UPDATE</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> v2 <span class="token keyword">SET</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> t1<span class="token punctuation">.</span>b <span class="token operator">=</span> v2<span class="token punctuation">.</span>b<span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If the view is evaluated using a temporary table, you
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
can
</em>
</span>
select from the table in the view
subquery and still modify that table in the outer query. In this
case, the view is stored in a temporary table and thus you are not
really selecting from the table in a subquery and modifying it at
the same time. (This is another reason you might wish to force
MySQL to use the temptable algorithm by specifying
<code class="literal">
ALGORITHM = TEMPTABLE
</code>
in the view definition.)
</p>
<p>
You can use
<a class="link" href="drop-table.html" title="15.1.32 DROP TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP TABLE
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE
</code>
</a>
to drop or alter a
table that is used in a view definition. No warning results from
the
<code class="literal">
DROP
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
ALTER
</code>
operation,
even though this invalidates the view. Instead, an error occurs
later, when the view is used.
<a class="link" href="check-table.html" title="15.7.3.2 CHECK TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHECK
TABLE
</code>
</a>
can be used to check for views that have been
invalidated by
<code class="literal">
DROP
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
ALTER
</code>
operations.
</p>
<p>
With regard to view updatability, the overall goal for views is
that if any view is theoretically updatable, it should be
updatable in practice. Many theoretically updatable views can be
updated now, but limitations still exist. For details, see
<a class="xref" href="view-updatability.html" title="27.5.3 Updatable and Insertable Views">
Section 27.5.3, “Updatable and Insertable Views”
</a>
.
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045081094960">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045081093472">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045081091984">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045081090496">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045081089008">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045081087520">
</a>
<p>
There exists a shortcoming with the current implementation of
views. If a user is granted the basic privileges necessary to
create a view (the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_create-view">
<code class="literal">
CREATE VIEW
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_select">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
privileges), that user
cannot call
<a class="link" href="show-create-view.html" title="15.7.7.14 SHOW CREATE VIEW Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW CREATE VIEW
</code>
</a>
on
that object unless the user is also granted the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_show-view">
<code class="literal">
SHOW VIEW
</code>
</a>
privilege.
</p>
<p>
That shortcoming can lead to problems backing up a database with
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
, which may fail due to insufficient
privileges. This problem is described in Bug #22062.
</p>
<p>
The workaround to the problem is for the administrator to manually
grant the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_show-view">
<code class="literal">
SHOW VIEW
</code>
</a>
privilege to
users who are granted
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_create-view">
<code class="literal">
CREATE VIEW
</code>
</a>
,
since MySQL doesn't grant it implicitly when views are created.
</p>
<p>
Views do not have indexes, so index hints do not apply. Use of
index hints when selecting from a view is not permitted.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="show-create-view.html" title="15.7.7.14 SHOW CREATE VIEW Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW CREATE VIEW
</code>
</a>
displays view
definitions using an
<code class="literal">
AS
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
alias_name
</code>
</em>
</code>
clause for each
column. If a column is created from an expression, the default
alias is the expression text, which can be quite long. Aliases for
column names in
<a class="link" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE VIEW
</code>
</a>
statements are checked against the maximum column length of 64
characters (not the maximum alias length of 256 characters). As a
result, views created from the output of
<a class="link" href="show-create-view.html" title="15.7.7.14 SHOW CREATE VIEW Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW
CREATE VIEW
</code>
</a>
fail if any column alias exceeds 64
characters. This can cause problems in the following circumstances
for views with too-long aliases:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
View definitions fail to replicate to newer replicas that
enforce the column-length restriction.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Dump files created with
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
cannot be
loaded into servers that enforce the column-length
restriction.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
A workaround for either problem is to modify each problematic view
definition to use aliases that provide shorter column names. Then
the view replicates properly, and can be dumped and reloaded
without causing an error. To modify the definition, drop and
create the view again with
<a class="link" href="drop-view.html" title="15.1.35 DROP VIEW Statement">
<code class="literal">
DROP
VIEW
</code>
</a>
and
<a class="link" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE VIEW
</code>
</a>
, or
replace the definition with
<a class="link" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE OR REPLACE
VIEW
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
For problems that occur when reloading view definitions in dump
files, another workaround is to edit the dump file to modify its
<a class="link" href="create-view.html" title="15.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE VIEW
</code>
</a>
statements. However,
this does not change the original view definitions, which may
cause problems for subsequent dump operations.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysql-cluster-sql-statements.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="mysql-cluster-sql-statements">
</a>
25.6.20 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087256368">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087254912">
</a>
<p>
This section discusses several SQL statements that can prove
useful in managing and monitoring a MySQL server that is connected
to an NDB Cluster, and in some cases provide information about the
cluster itself.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087252928">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087251440">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087250368">
</a>
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="show-engine.html" title="15.7.7.16 SHOW ENGINE Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW ENGINE NDB
STATUS
</code>
</a>
,
<a class="link" href="show-engine.html" title="15.7.7.16 SHOW ENGINE Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW ENGINE
NDBCLUSTER STATUS
</code>
</a>
</p>
<p>
The output of this statement contains information about the
server's connection to the cluster, creation and usage of
NDB Cluster objects, and binary logging for NDB Cluster
replication.
</p>
<p>
See
<a class="xref" href="show-engine.html" title="15.7.7.16 SHOW ENGINE Statement">
Section 15.7.7.16, “SHOW ENGINE Statement”
</a>
, for a usage example and
more detailed information.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087243728">
</a>
<a class="link" href="show-engines.html" title="15.7.7.17 SHOW ENGINES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW ENGINES
</code>
</a>
</p>
<p>
This statement can be used to determine whether or not
clustering support is enabled in the MySQL server, and if so,
whether it is active.
</p>
<p>
See
<a class="xref" href="show-engines.html" title="15.7.7.17 SHOW ENGINES Statement">
Section 15.7.7.17, “SHOW ENGINES Statement”
</a>
, for more detailed
information.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
This statement does not support a
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_like">
<code class="literal">
LIKE
</code>
</a>
clause. However, you can
use
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_like">
<code class="literal">
LIKE
</code>
</a>
to filter queries
against the Information Schema
<a class="link" href="information-schema-engines-table.html" title="28.3.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table">
<code class="literal">
ENGINES
</code>
</a>
table, as discussed in
the next item.
</p>
</div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087233840">
</a>
<code class="literal">
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ENGINES [WHERE
ENGINE LIKE 'NDB%']
</code>
</p>
<p>
This is the equivalent of
<a class="link" href="show-engines.html" title="15.7.7.17 SHOW ENGINES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW
ENGINES
</code>
</a>
, but uses the
<a class="link" href="information-schema-engines-table.html" title="28.3.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table">
<code class="literal">
ENGINES
</code>
</a>
table of the
<code class="literal">
INFORMATION_SCHEMA
</code>
database. Unlike the
case with the
<a class="link" href="show-engines.html" title="15.7.7.17 SHOW ENGINES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW ENGINES
</code>
</a>
statement, it is possible to filter the results using a
<a class="link" href="string-comparison-functions.html#operator_like">
<code class="literal">
LIKE
</code>
</a>
clause, and to select
specific columns to obtain information that may be of use in
scripts. For example, the following query shows whether the
server was built with
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
support
and, if so, whether it is enabled:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa11259561"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> SUPPORT <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">ENGINES</span>
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> <span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'NDB%'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ENGINE <span class="token punctuation">|</span> SUPPORT <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbcluster <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo <span class="token punctuation">|</span> YES <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
support is not enabled, the
preceding query returns an empty set. See
<a class="xref" href="information-schema-engines-table.html" title="28.3.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table">
Section 28.3.13, “The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table”
</a>
, for more
information.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087218688">
</a>
<code class="literal">
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'NDB%'
</code>
</p>
<p>
This statement provides a list of most server system variables
relating to the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
storage
engine, and their values, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa71278128"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">VARIABLES</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'NDB%'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Variable_name <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Value <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_allow_copying_alter_table <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_applier_allow_skip_epoch <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_applier_conflict_role <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NONE <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_autoincrement_prefetch_sz <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 512 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_batch_size <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 32768 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_blob_read_batch_bytes <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 65536 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_blob_write_batch_bytes <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 65536 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_clear_apply_status <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_cluster_connection_pool <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_cluster_connection_pool_nodeids <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_connectstring <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 127.0.0.1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_data_node_neighbour <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_default_column_format <span class="token punctuation">|</span> FIXED <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_deferred_constraints <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_distribution <span class="token punctuation">|</span> KEYHASH <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_eventbuffer_free_percent <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 20 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_eventbuffer_max_alloc <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_extra_logging <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_force_send <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_fully_replicated <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_index_stat_enable <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token operator">|</span> ndb_index_stat_option <span class="token operator">|</span> loop_enable<span class="token operator">=</span>1000ms<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
loop_idle<span class="token operator">=</span>1000ms<span class="token punctuation">,</span>loop_busy<span class="token operator">=</span>100ms<span class="token punctuation">,</span>update_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>read_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>idle_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
check_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>check_delay<span class="token operator">=</span>10m<span class="token punctuation">,</span>delete_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>clean_delay<span class="token operator">=</span>1m<span class="token punctuation">,</span>error_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
error_delay<span class="token operator">=</span>1m<span class="token punctuation">,</span>evict_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>evict_delay<span class="token operator">=</span>1m<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cache_limit<span class="token operator">=</span>32M<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cache_lowpct<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">90</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
zero_total<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">|</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_join_pushdown <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_apply_status <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_bin <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_binlog_index <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_empty_epochs <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_empty_update <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_exclusive_reads <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_fail_terminate <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_orig <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_transaction_compression <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_transaction_compression_level_zstd <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 3 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_transaction_dependency <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_transaction_id <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_update_as_write <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_update_minimal <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_updated_only <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_metadata_check <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_metadata_check_interval <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 60 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_metadata_sync <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_mgm_tls <span class="token punctuation">|</span> relaxed <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_mgmd_host <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 127.0.0.1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_nodeid <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_optimization_delay <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 10 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_optimized_node_selection <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 3 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_read_backup <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_recv_thread_activation_threshold <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 8 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_recv_thread_cpu_mask <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_replica_batch_size <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 2097152 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_replica_blob_write_batch_bytes <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 2097152 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_report_thresh_binlog_epoch_slip <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 10 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_report_thresh_binlog_mem_usage <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 10 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_row_checksum <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_schema_dist_lock_wait_timeout <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 30 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_schema_dist_timeout <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 120 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_schema_dist_upgrade_allowed <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_show_foreign_key_mock_tables <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_slave_conflict_role <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NONE <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_table_no_logging <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_table_temporary <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_tls_search_path <span class="token punctuation">|</span> $HOME/ndb<span class="token punctuation">-</span>tls <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_use_copying_alter_table <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_use_exact_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_use_transactions <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_version <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 524544 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_version_string <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb<span class="token punctuation">-</span>8.4.0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_wait_connected <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 120 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_wait_setup <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 120 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_database <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_max_bytes <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_max_rows <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 10 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_offline <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_show_hidden <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_table_prefix <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb$ <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_version <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 524544 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output">74 rows in set (0.01 sec)</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
See
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
, for more
information.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087196752">
</a>
<code class="literal">
SELECT * FROM performance_schema.global_variables
WHERE VARIABLE_NAME LIKE 'NDB%'
</code>
</p>
<p>
This statement is the equivalent of the
<a class="link" href="show-variables.html" title="15.7.7.41 SHOW VARIABLES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW VARIABLES
</code>
</a>
statement
described in the previous item, and provides almost identical
output, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa75387936"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>global_variables
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> VARIABLE_NAME <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'NDB%'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> VARIABLE_NAME <span class="token punctuation">|</span> VARIABLE_VALUE <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_allow_copying_alter_table <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_autoincrement_prefetch_sz <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 512 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_batch_size <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 32768 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_blob_read_batch_bytes <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 65536 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_blob_write_batch_bytes <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 65536 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_clear_apply_status <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_cluster_connection_pool <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_cluster_connection_pool_nodeids <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_connectstring <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 127.0.0.1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_data_node_neighbour <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_default_column_format <span class="token punctuation">|</span> FIXED <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_deferred_constraints <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_distribution <span class="token punctuation">|</span> KEYHASH <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_eventbuffer_free_percent <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 20 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_eventbuffer_max_alloc <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_extra_logging <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_force_send <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_fully_replicated <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_index_stat_enable <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token operator">|</span> ndb_index_stat_option <span class="token operator">|</span> loop_enable<span class="token operator">=</span>1000ms<span class="token punctuation">,</span>loop_idle<span class="token operator">=</span>1000ms<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
loop_busy<span class="token operator">=</span>100ms<span class="token punctuation">,</span>update_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>read_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>idle_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>check_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
check_delay<span class="token operator">=</span>10m<span class="token punctuation">,</span>delete_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>clean_delay<span class="token operator">=</span>1m<span class="token punctuation">,</span>error_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>error_delay<span class="token operator">=</span>1m<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
evict_batch<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>evict_delay<span class="token operator">=</span>1m<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cache_limit<span class="token operator">=</span>32M<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cache_lowpct<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">90</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>zero_total<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">|</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_join_pushdown <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_apply_status <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_bin <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_binlog_index <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_empty_epochs <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_empty_update <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_exclusive_reads <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_orig <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_transaction_id <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_update_as_write <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_update_minimal <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_log_updated_only <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_metadata_check <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_metadata_check_interval <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 60 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_metadata_sync <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_mgmd_host <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 127.0.0.1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_nodeid <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_optimization_delay <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 10 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_optimized_node_selection <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 3 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_read_backup <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_recv_thread_activation_threshold <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 8 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_recv_thread_cpu_mask <span class="token punctuation">|</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_report_thresh_binlog_epoch_slip <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 10 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_report_thresh_binlog_mem_usage <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 10 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_row_checksum <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_schema_dist_lock_wait_timeout <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 30 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_schema_dist_timeout <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 120 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_schema_dist_upgrade_allowed <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_show_foreign_key_mock_tables <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_slave_conflict_role <span class="token punctuation">|</span> NONE <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_table_no_logging <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_table_temporary <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_use_copying_alter_table <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_use_exact_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_use_transactions <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_version <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 524308 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_version_string <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb<span class="token punctuation">-</span>8.4.0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_wait_connected <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 30 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_wait_setup <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 30 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_database <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_max_bytes <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_max_rows <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 10 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_offline <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_show_hidden <span class="token punctuation">|</span> OFF <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_table_prefix <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb$ <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_version <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 524308 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Unlike the case with the
<a class="link" href="show-variables.html" title="15.7.7.41 SHOW VARIABLES Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW
VARIABLES
</code>
</a>
statement, it is possible to select
individual columns. For example:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa8537262"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> VARIABLE_VALUE
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>global_variables
<span class="token prompt"> -></span> <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> VARIABLE_NAME <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'ndb_force_send'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> VARIABLE_VALUE <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ON <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
A more useful query is shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa63129562"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> VARIABLE_NAME <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token keyword">Name</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> VARIABLE_VALUE <span class="token keyword">AS</span> <span class="token keyword">Value</span>
<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> performance_schema<span class="token punctuation">.</span>global_variables
<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> VARIABLE_NAME
<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">IN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'version'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'ndb_version'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token string">'ndb_version_string'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'ndbinfo_version'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Name <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Value <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_version <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 524544 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb_version_string <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndb<span class="token punctuation">-</span>8.4.0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> ndbinfo_version <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 524544 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> version <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 8.4.0<span class="token punctuation">-</span>cluster <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output">4 rows in set (0.00 sec)</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
For more information, see
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-status-variable-tables.html" title="29.12.15 Performance Schema Status Variable Tables">
Section 29.12.15, “Performance Schema Status Variable Tables”
</a>
,
and
<a class="xref" href="server-system-variables.html" title="7.1.8 Server System Variables">
Section 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087168704">
</a>
<code class="literal">
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'NDB%'
</code>
</p>
<p>
This statement shows at a glance whether or not the MySQL
server is acting as a cluster SQL node, and if so, it provides
the MySQL server's cluster node ID, the host name and
port for the cluster management server to which it is
connected, and the number of data nodes in the cluster, as
shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa42484282"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SHOW</span> <span class="token keyword">STATUS</span> <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'NDB%'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Variable_name <span class="token punctuation">|</span> Value <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_metadata_detected_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_cluster_node_id <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 100 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_config_from_host <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 127.0.0.1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_config_from_port <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1186 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_number_of_data_nodes <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 2 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_number_of_ready_data_nodes <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 2 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_connect_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_execute_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_scan_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_pruned_scan_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_schema_locks_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_exec_complete_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_scan_result_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_meta_request_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_nanos_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 163446 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_bytes_sent_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 60 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_bytes_received_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 28 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_start_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_commit_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_abort_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_close_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_pk_op_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_uk_op_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_table_scan_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_range_scan_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_pruned_scan_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_scan_batch_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_read_row_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_local_read_row_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_adaptive_send_forced_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_adaptive_send_unforced_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_adaptive_send_deferred_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_trans_hint_count_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_sorted_scan_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_pushed_queries_defined <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_pushed_queries_dropped <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_pushed_queries_executed <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_pushed_reads <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_last_commit_epoch_server <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 37632503447571 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_last_commit_epoch_session <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_system_name <span class="token punctuation">|</span> MC_20191126162038 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_event_data_count_injector <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_event_nondata_count_injector <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_event_bytes_count_injector <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_exec_complete_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_scan_result_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_meta_request_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_nanos_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_bytes_sent_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_bytes_received_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_start_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_commit_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_abort_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_close_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_pk_op_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_uk_op_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_table_scan_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_range_scan_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_pruned_scan_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_scan_batch_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_read_row_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_local_read_row_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_adaptive_send_forced_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_adaptive_send_unforced_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_adaptive_send_deferred_count_slave <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_slave_max_replicated_epoch <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_exec_complete_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 4 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_scan_result_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 7 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_meta_request_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 172 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_wait_nanos_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1083548094028 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_bytes_sent_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 4640 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_bytes_received_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 109356 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_start_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 4 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_commit_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_abort_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_close_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 4 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_pk_op_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 2 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_uk_op_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_table_scan_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_range_scan_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_pruned_scan_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_scan_batch_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_read_row_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 3 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_trans_local_read_row_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 2 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_adaptive_send_forced_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 1 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_adaptive_send_unforced_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 5 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_adaptive_send_deferred_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_event_data_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_event_nondata_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_api_event_bytes_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_metadata_excluded_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_metadata_synced_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_fn_max <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_fn_old <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_fn_max_del_win <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_fn_epoch <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_fn_epoch_trans <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_fn_epoch2 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_fn_epoch2_trans <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_trans_row_conflict_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_trans_row_reject_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_trans_reject_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_trans_detect_iter_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_trans_conflict_commit_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_epoch_delete_delete_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_reflected_op_prepare_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_reflected_op_discard_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_refresh_op_count <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_last_conflict_epoch <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_conflict_last_stable_epoch <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token operator">|</span> Ndb_index_stat_status <span class="token operator">|</span> allow:<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">enable</span>:<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>busy:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">loop</span>:<span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">list</span>:<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">update</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">read</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>idle:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">check</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">delete</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">error</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>total:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">analyze</span>:<span class="token punctuation">(</span>queue:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">wait</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>stats:<span class="token punctuation">(</span>nostats:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">wait</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>total:<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">analyze</span>:<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">all</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">error</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">query</span>:<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">all</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>nostats:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">error</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">event</span>:<span class="token punctuation">(</span>act:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">skip</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>miss:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">cache</span>:<span class="token punctuation">(</span>refresh:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
clean:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>pinned:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">drop</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>evict:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">cache</span>:<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">query</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>clean:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">drop</span>:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>evict:<span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
usedpct:<span class="token number">0.00</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>highpct:<span class="token number">0.00</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">|</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_index_stat_cache_query <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> Ndb_index_stat_cache_clean <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 0 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
If the MySQL server was built with
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
support, but it is not currently connected to a cluster, every
row in the output of this statement contains a zero or an
empty string for the
<code class="literal">
Value
</code>
column.
</p>
<p>
See also
<a class="xref" href="show-status.html" title="15.7.7.37 SHOW STATUS Statement">
Section 15.7.7.37, “SHOW STATUS Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087144816">
</a>
<code class="literal">
SELECT * FROM performance_schema.global_status WHERE
VARIABLE_NAME LIKE 'NDB%'
</code>
</p>
<p>
This statement provides similar output to the
<a class="link" href="show-status.html" title="15.7.7.37 SHOW STATUS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW STATUS
</code>
</a>
statement discussed
in the previous item. Unlike the case with
<a class="link" href="show-status.html" title="15.7.7.37 SHOW STATUS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW STATUS
</code>
</a>
, it is possible
using
<a class="link" href="select.html" title="15.2.13 SELECT Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT
</code>
</a>
statements to
extract values in SQL for use in scripts for monitoring and
automation purposes.
</p>
<p>
For more information, see
<a class="xref" href="performance-schema-status-variable-tables.html" title="29.12.15 Performance Schema Status Variable Tables">
Section 29.12.15, “Performance Schema Status Variable Tables”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045087136176">
</a>
<code class="literal">
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS WHERE
PLUGIN_NAME LIKE 'NDB%'
</code>
</p>
<p>
This statement displays information from the Information
Schema
<a class="link" href="information-schema-plugins-table.html" title="28.3.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table">
<code class="literal">
PLUGINS
</code>
</a>
table about
plugins associated with NDB Cluster, such as version, author,
and license, as shown here:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa73937279"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> INFORMATION_SCHEMA<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">PLUGINS</span>
<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token keyword">WHERE</span> PLUGIN_NAME <span class="token operator">LIKE</span> <span class="token string">'NDB%'</span>\G
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 1. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
PLUGIN_NAME<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ndbcluster
PLUGIN_VERSION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1.0
PLUGIN_STATUS<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ACTIVE
PLUGIN_TYPE<span class="token punctuation">:</span> STORAGE ENGINE
PLUGIN_TYPE_VERSION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 80403.0
PLUGIN_LIBRARY<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
PLUGIN_LIBRARY_VERSION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
PLUGIN_AUTHOR<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Oracle Corporation
PLUGIN_DESCRIPTION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Clustered, fault-tolerant tables
PLUGIN_LICENSE<span class="token punctuation">:</span> GPL
LOAD_OPTION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ON
<span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 2. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
PLUGIN_NAME<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ndbinfo
PLUGIN_VERSION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.1
PLUGIN_STATUS<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ACTIVE
PLUGIN_TYPE<span class="token punctuation">:</span> STORAGE ENGINE
PLUGIN_TYPE_VERSION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 80403.0
PLUGIN_LIBRARY<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
PLUGIN_LIBRARY_VERSION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
PLUGIN_AUTHOR<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Oracle Corporation
PLUGIN_DESCRIPTION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> MySQL Cluster system information storage engine
PLUGIN_LICENSE<span class="token punctuation">:</span> GPL
LOAD_OPTION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ON
<span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span> 3. row <span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span><span class="token punctuation">*</span>
PLUGIN_NAME<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ndb_transid_mysql_connection_map
PLUGIN_VERSION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0.1
PLUGIN_STATUS<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ACTIVE
PLUGIN_TYPE<span class="token punctuation">:</span> INFORMATION SCHEMA
PLUGIN_TYPE_VERSION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 80403.0
PLUGIN_LIBRARY<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
PLUGIN_LIBRARY_VERSION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> NULL
PLUGIN_AUTHOR<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Oracle Corporation
PLUGIN_DESCRIPTION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> Map between MySQL connection ID and NDB transaction ID
PLUGIN_LICENSE<span class="token punctuation">:</span> GPL
LOAD_OPTION<span class="token punctuation">:</span> ON</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
You can also use the
<a class="link" href="show-plugins.html" title="15.7.7.27 SHOW PLUGINS Statement">
<code class="literal">
SHOW
PLUGINS
</code>
</a>
statement to display this information, but
the output from that statement cannot easily be filtered. See
also
<a class="ulink" href="/doc/extending-mysql/8.4/en/plugin-api.html" target="_top">
The MySQL Plugin API
</a>
, which describes where and
how the information in the
<a class="link" href="information-schema-plugins-table.html" title="28.3.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table">
<code class="literal">
PLUGINS
</code>
</a>
table is obtained.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
You can also query the tables in the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo.html" title="25.6.17 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database">
<code class="literal">
ndbinfo
</code>
</a>
information database for
real-time data about many NDB Cluster operations. See
<a class="xref" href="mysql-cluster-ndbinfo.html" title="25.6.17 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database">
Section 25.6.17, “ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information Database”
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/partitioning-management.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="partitioning-management">
</a>
26.3 Partition Management
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="partitioning-management-range-list.html">
26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="partitioning-management-hash-key.html">
26.3.2 Management of HASH and KEY Partitions
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="partitioning-management-exchange.html">
26.3.3 Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="partitioning-maintenance.html">
26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="partitioning-info.html">
26.3.5 Obtaining Information About Partitions
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083969888">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083968816">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083967328">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083965840">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083964352">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045083962864">
</a>
<p>
There are a number of ways using SQL statements to modify
partitioned tables; it is possible to add, drop, redefine, merge,
or split existing partitions using the partitioning extensions to
the
<a class="link" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement. There are also ways to obtain
information about partitioned tables and partitions. We discuss
these topics in the sections that follow.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For information about partition management in tables
partitioned by
<code class="literal">
RANGE
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
LIST
</code>
, see
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-range-list.html" title="26.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions">
Section 26.3.1, “Management of RANGE and LIST Partitions”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For a discussion of managing
<code class="literal">
HASH
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
KEY
</code>
partitions, see
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-management-hash-key.html" title="26.3.2 Management of HASH and KEY Partitions">
Section 26.3.2, “Management of HASH and KEY Partitions”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
See
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-info.html" title="26.3.5 Obtaining Information About Partitions">
Section 26.3.5, “Obtaining Information About Partitions”
</a>
, for a discussion of
mechanisms provided in MySQL 8.4 for obtaining
information about partitioned tables and partitions.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For a discussion of performing maintenance operations on
partitions, see
<a class="xref" href="partitioning-maintenance.html" title="26.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions">
Section 26.3.4, “Maintenance of Partitions”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
All partitions of a partitioned table must have the same number
of subpartitions; it is not possible to change the
subpartitioning once the table has been created.
</p>
</div>
<p>
To change a table's partitioning scheme, it is necessary only
to use the
<a class="link" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement with a
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
partition_options
</code>
</em>
option, which has the
same syntax as that as used with
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE
TABLE
</code>
</a>
for creating a partitioned table; this option
(also) always begins with the keywords
<code class="literal">
PARTITION
BY
</code>
. Suppose that the following
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement was used to
create a table that is partitioned by range:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa30420102"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> trb3 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>id <span class="token datatype">INT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">name</span> <span class="token datatype">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> purchased <span class="token datatype">DATE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">RANGE</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">YEAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>purchased<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p0 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1990</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p1 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1995</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p2 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> p3 <span class="token keyword">VALUES</span> <span class="token keyword">LESS</span> <span class="token keyword">THAN</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2005</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
To repartition this table so that it is partitioned by key into
two partitions using the
<code class="literal">
id
</code>
column value as the
basis for the key, you can use this statement:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa85425551"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token keyword">ALTER</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> trb3 <span class="token keyword">PARTITION</span> <span class="token keyword">BY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">PARTITIONS</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
This has the same effect on the structure of the table as dropping
the table and re-creating it using
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE trb3
PARTITION BY KEY(id) PARTITIONS 2;
</code>
.
</p>
<p>
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE ... ENGINE [=] ...
</code>
changes only the
storage engine used by the table, and leaves the table's
partitioning scheme intact. The statement succeeds only if the
target storage engine provides partitioning support. You can use
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE ... REMOVE PARTITIONING
</code>
to remove a
table's partitioning; see
<a class="xref" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
Section 15.1.9, “ALTER TABLE Statement”
</a>
.
</p>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
Only a single
<code class="literal">
PARTITION BY
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
ADD
PARTITION
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
DROP PARTITION
</code>
,
<code class="literal">
REORGANIZE PARTITION
</code>
, or
<code class="literal">
COALESCE
PARTITION
</code>
clause can be used in a given
<a class="link" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement. If you (for example) wish to drop a
partition and reorganize a table's remaining partitions,
you must do so in two separate
<a class="link" href="alter-table-partition-operations.html" title="15.1.9.1 ALTER TABLE Partition Operations">
<code class="literal">
ALTER
TABLE
</code>
</a>
statements (one using
<code class="literal">
DROP
PARTITION
</code>
and then a second one using
<code class="literal">
REORGANIZE PARTITION
</code>
).
</p>
</div>
<p>
You can delete all rows from one or more selected partitions using
<a class="link" href="alter-table.html" title="15.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
ALTER TABLE ...
TRUNCATE PARTITION
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysqldump-delimited-text.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="mysqldump-delimited-text">
</a>
9.4.3 Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
This section describes how to use
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
to create delimited-text dump files. For information about
reloading such dump files, see
<a class="xref" href="reloading-delimited-text-dumps.html" title="9.4.4 Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups">
Section 9.4.4, “Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups”
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
If you invoke
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
with the
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_tab">
<code class="option">
--tab=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
dir_name
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
option, it uses
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
dir_name
</code>
</em>
as the
output directory and dumps tables individually in that directory
using two files for each table. The table name is the base name
for these files. For a table named
<code class="literal">
t1
</code>
, the
files are named
<code class="filename">
t1.sql
</code>
and
<code class="filename">
t1.txt
</code>
. The
<code class="filename">
.sql
</code>
file
contains a
<a class="link" href="create-table.html" title="15.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement">
<code class="literal">
CREATE TABLE
</code>
</a>
statement
for the table. The
<code class="filename">
.txt
</code>
file contains the
table data, one line per table row.
</p>
<p>
The following command dumps the contents of the
<code class="literal">
db1
</code>
database to files in the
<code class="filename">
/tmp
</code>
database:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa6071930"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql">$<span class="token operator">></span> mysqldump <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">--tab=/tmp db1</span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<code class="filename">
.txt
</code>
files containing table data are
written by the server, so they are owned by the system account
used for running the server. The server uses
<a class="link" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT ... INTO
OUTFILE
</code>
</a>
to write the files, so you must have the
<a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_file">
<code class="literal">
FILE
</code>
</a>
privilege to perform this
operation, and an error occurs if a given
<code class="filename">
.txt
</code>
file already exists.
</p>
<p>
The server sends the
<code class="literal">
CREATE
</code>
definitions for
dumped tables to
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
, which writes them
to
<code class="filename">
.sql
</code>
files. These files therefore are
owned by the user who executes
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
.
</p>
<p>
It is best that
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_tab">
<code class="option">
--tab
</code>
</a>
be used
only for dumping a local server. If you use it with a remote
server, the
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_tab">
<code class="option">
--tab
</code>
</a>
directory
must exist on both the local and remote hosts, and the
<code class="filename">
.txt
</code>
files are written by the server in the
remote directory (on the server host), whereas the
<code class="filename">
.sql
</code>
files are written by
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
in the local directory (on the
client host).
</p>
<p>
For
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump --tab
</strong>
</span>
</a>
, the server by default
writes table data to
<code class="filename">
.txt
</code>
files one line
per row with tabs between column values, no quotation marks
around column values, and newline as the line terminator. (These
are the same defaults as for
<a class="link" href="select-into.html" title="15.2.13.1 SELECT ... INTO Statement">
<code class="literal">
SELECT ... INTO
OUTFILE
</code>
</a>
.)
</p>
<p>
To enable data files to be written using a different format,
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
supports these options:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_fields">
<code class="option">
--fields-terminated-by=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
str
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
</p>
<p>
The string for separating column values (default: tab).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_fields">
<code class="option">
--fields-enclosed-by=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
char
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
</p>
<p>
The character within which to enclose column values
(default: no character).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_fields">
<code class="option">
--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
char
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
</p>
<p>
The character within which to enclose non-numeric column
values (default: no character).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_fields">
<code class="option">
--fields-escaped-by=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
char
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
</p>
<p>
The character for escaping special characters (default: no
escaping).
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_lines-terminated-by">
<code class="option">
--lines-terminated-by=
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
str
</code>
</em>
</code>
</a>
</p>
<p>
The line-termination string (default: newline).
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
Depending on the value you specify for any of these options, it
might be necessary on the command line to quote or escape the
value appropriately for your command interpreter. Alternatively,
specify the value using hex notation. Suppose that you want
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html" title="6.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program">
<span class="command">
<strong>
mysqldump
</strong>
</span>
</a>
to quote column values within
double quotation marks. To do so, specify double quote as the
value for the
<a class="link" href="mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_fields">
<code class="option">
--fields-enclosed-by
</code>
</a>
option. But this character is often special to command
interpreters and must be treated specially. For example, on
Unix, you can quote the double quote like this:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-simple"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa33972565"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-simple"><span class="token operator">--</span>fields<span class="token operator">-</span>enclosed<span class="token operator">-</span>by<span class="token operator">=</span>'"'</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
On any platform, you can specify the value in hex:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting one-line language-simple"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa15297491"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-simple"><span class="token operator">--</span>fields<span class="token operator">-</span>enclosed<span class="token operator">-</span>by<span class="token operator">=</span>0x22</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
It is common to use several of the data-formatting options
together. For example, to dump tables in comma-separated values
format with lines terminated by carriage-return/newline pairs
(
<code class="literal">
\r\n
</code>
), use this command (enter it on a
single line):
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-terminal"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa4059118"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-terminal"><span class="token prompt">$> </span><span class="token command">mysqldump</span> <span class="token constant">--tab</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>/tmp</span> <span class="token constant">--fields-terminated-by</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>,</span>
<span class="token constant">--fields-enclosed-by</span>=<span class="token atrule">'"'</span> <span class="token constant">--lines-terminated-by</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>0x0d0a</span> db1</code></pre>
</div>
<p>
Should you use any of the data-formatting options to dump table
data, you need to specify the same format when you reload data
files later, to ensure proper interpretation of the file
contents.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/sys-schema-views.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title">
<a name="sys-schema-views">
</a>
30.4.3 sys Schema Views
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-host-summary.html">
30.4.3.1 The host_summary and x$host_summary Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-host-summary-by-file-io.html">
30.4.3.2 The host_summary_by_file_io and x$host_summary_by_file_io Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-host-summary-by-file-io-type.html">
30.4.3.3 The host_summary_by_file_io_type and x$host_summary_by_file_io_type
Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-host-summary-by-stages.html">
30.4.3.4 The host_summary_by_stages and x$host_summary_by_stages Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-host-summary-by-statement-latency.html">
30.4.3.5 The host_summary_by_statement_latency and
x$host_summary_by_statement_latency Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-host-summary-by-statement-type.html">
30.4.3.6 The host_summary_by_statement_type and x$host_summary_by_statement_type
Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-innodb-buffer-stats-by-schema.html">
30.4.3.7 The innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema and x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_schema
Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-innodb-buffer-stats-by-table.html">
30.4.3.8 The innodb_buffer_stats_by_table and x$innodb_buffer_stats_by_table
Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-innodb-lock-waits.html">
30.4.3.9 The innodb_lock_waits and x$innodb_lock_waits Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-io-by-thread-by-latency.html">
30.4.3.10 The io_by_thread_by_latency and x$io_by_thread_by_latency Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-io-global-by-file-by-bytes.html">
30.4.3.11 The io_global_by_file_by_bytes and x$io_global_by_file_by_bytes Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-io-global-by-file-by-latency.html">
30.4.3.12 The io_global_by_file_by_latency and x$io_global_by_file_by_latency
Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-io-global-by-wait-by-bytes.html">
30.4.3.13 The io_global_by_wait_by_bytes and x$io_global_by_wait_by_bytes Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-io-global-by-wait-by-latency.html">
30.4.3.14 The io_global_by_wait_by_latency and x$io_global_by_wait_by_latency
Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-latest-file-io.html">
30.4.3.15 The latest_file_io and x$latest_file_io Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-memory-by-host-by-current-bytes.html">
30.4.3.16 The memory_by_host_by_current_bytes and
x$memory_by_host_by_current_bytes Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-memory-by-thread-by-current-bytes.html">
30.4.3.17 The memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes and
x$memory_by_thread_by_current_bytes Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-memory-by-user-by-current-bytes.html">
30.4.3.18 The memory_by_user_by_current_bytes and
x$memory_by_user_by_current_bytes Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-memory-global-by-current-bytes.html">
30.4.3.19 The memory_global_by_current_bytes and x$memory_global_by_current_bytes
Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-memory-global-total.html">
30.4.3.20 The memory_global_total and x$memory_global_total Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-metrics.html">
30.4.3.21 The metrics View
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-processlist.html">
30.4.3.22 The processlist and x$processlist Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-ps-check-lost-instrumentation.html">
30.4.3.23 The ps_check_lost_instrumentation View
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-schema-auto-increment-columns.html">
30.4.3.24 The schema_auto_increment_columns View
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-schema-index-statistics.html">
30.4.3.25 The schema_index_statistics and x$schema_index_statistics Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-schema-object-overview.html">
30.4.3.26 The schema_object_overview View
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-schema-redundant-indexes.html">
30.4.3.27 The schema_redundant_indexes and x$schema_flattened_keys Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-schema-table-lock-waits.html">
30.4.3.28 The schema_table_lock_waits and x$schema_table_lock_waits Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-schema-table-statistics.html">
30.4.3.29 The schema_table_statistics and x$schema_table_statistics Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-schema-table-statistics-with-buffer.html">
30.4.3.30 The schema_table_statistics_with_buffer and
x$schema_table_statistics_with_buffer Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-schema-tables-with-full-table-scans.html">
30.4.3.31 The schema_tables_with_full_table_scans and
x$schema_tables_with_full_table_scans Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-schema-unused-indexes.html">
30.4.3.32 The schema_unused_indexes View
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-session.html">
30.4.3.33 The session and x$session Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-session-ssl-status.html">
30.4.3.34 The session_ssl_status View
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-statement-analysis.html">
30.4.3.35 The statement_analysis and x$statement_analysis Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-statements-with-errors-or-warnings.html">
30.4.3.36 The statements_with_errors_or_warnings and
x$statements_with_errors_or_warnings Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-statements-with-full-table-scans.html">
30.4.3.37 The statements_with_full_table_scans and
x$statements_with_full_table_scans Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-statements-with-runtimes-in-95th-percentile.html">
30.4.3.38 The statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile and
x$statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-statements-with-sorting.html">
30.4.3.39 The statements_with_sorting and x$statements_with_sorting Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-statements-with-temp-tables.html">
30.4.3.40 The statements_with_temp_tables and x$statements_with_temp_tables Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-user-summary.html">
30.4.3.41 The user_summary and x$user_summary Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-user-summary-by-file-io.html">
30.4.3.42 The user_summary_by_file_io and x$user_summary_by_file_io Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-user-summary-by-file-io-type.html">
30.4.3.43 The user_summary_by_file_io_type and x$user_summary_by_file_io_type
Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-user-summary-by-stages.html">
30.4.3.44 The user_summary_by_stages and x$user_summary_by_stages Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-user-summary-by-statement-latency.html">
30.4.3.45 The user_summary_by_statement_latency and
x$user_summary_by_statement_latency Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-user-summary-by-statement-type.html">
30.4.3.46 The user_summary_by_statement_type and x$user_summary_by_statement_type
Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-version.html">
30.4.3.47 The version View
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-wait-classes-global-by-avg-latency.html">
30.4.3.48 The wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency and
x$wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-wait-classes-global-by-latency.html">
30.4.3.49 The wait_classes_global_by_latency and x$wait_classes_global_by_latency
Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-waits-by-host-by-latency.html">
30.4.3.50 The waits_by_host_by_latency and x$waits_by_host_by_latency Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-waits-by-user-by-latency.html">
30.4.3.51 The waits_by_user_by_latency and x$waits_by_user_by_latency Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="sys-waits-global-by-latency.html">
30.4.3.52 The waits_global_by_latency and x$waits_global_by_latency Views
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<p>
The following sections describe
<a class="link" href="sys-schema.html" title="Chapter 30 MySQL sys Schema">
<code class="literal">
sys
</code>
</a>
schema views.
</p>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045063392496">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045063391008">
</a>
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
sys
</code>
schema contains many views that
summarize Performance Schema tables in various ways. Most of
these views come in pairs, such that one member of the pair has
the same name as the other member, plus a
<code class="literal">
x$
</code>
prefix. For example, the
<a class="link" href="sys-host-summary-by-file-io.html" title="30.4.3.2 The host_summary_by_file_io and x$host_summary_by_file_io Views">
<code class="literal">
host_summary_by_file_io
</code>
</a>
view
summarizes file I/O grouped by host and displays latencies
converted from picoseconds to more readable values (with units);
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa52702180"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> sys<span class="token punctuation">.</span>host_summary_by_file_io<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> host <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ios <span class="token punctuation">|</span> io_latency <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> localhost <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 67570 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 5.38 s <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> background <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 3468 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 4.18 s <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The
<a class="link" href="sys-host-summary-by-file-io.html" title="30.4.3.2 The host_summary_by_file_io and x$host_summary_by_file_io Views">
<code class="literal">
x$host_summary_by_file_io
</code>
</a>
view
summarizes the same data but displays unformatted picosecond
latencies:
</p>
<div class="copytoclipboard-wrapper">
<pre class="programlisting language-sql"><div class="docs-select-all right" id="sa63777722"><div class="copy-help left">Press ⌘+C to copy</div> <div class="right"><button class="clipboard-btn" title="Copy to Clipboard"><span class="icon-clipboard"></span></button></div></div><code class="language-sql"><span class="token prompt">mysql></span> <span class="token keyword">SELECT</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token keyword">FROM</span> sys<span class="token punctuation">.</span>x$host_summary_by_file_io<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> host <span class="token punctuation">|</span> ios <span class="token punctuation">|</span> io_latency <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> localhost <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 67574 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 5380678125144 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">|</span> background <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 3474 <span class="token punctuation">|</span> 4758696829416 <span class="token punctuation">|</span></span>
<span class="token output"><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">+</span></span></code></pre>
</div>
<p>
The view without the
<code class="literal">
x$
</code>
prefix is intended to
provide output that is more user friendly and easier to read.
The view with the
<code class="literal">
x$
</code>
prefix that displays the
same values in raw form is intended more for use with other
tools that perform their own processing on the data.
</p>
<p>
Views without the
<code class="literal">
x$
</code>
prefix differ from the
corresponding
<code class="literal">
x$
</code>
views in these ways:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Byte counts are formatted with size units using
<a class="link" href="sys-format-bytes.html" title="30.4.5.3 The format_bytes() Function">
<code class="literal">
format_bytes()
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Time values are formatted with temporal units using
<a class="link" href="sys-format-time.html" title="30.4.5.6 The format_time() Function">
<code class="literal">
format_time()
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
SQL statements are truncated to a maximum display width
using
<a class="link" href="sys-format-statement.html" title="30.4.5.5 The format_statement() Function">
<code class="literal">
format_statement()
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Path name are shortened using
<a class="link" href="sys-format-path.html" title="30.4.5.4 The format_path() Function">
<code class="literal">
format_path()
</code>
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/replication-gtids-assign-anon.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="replication-gtids-assign-anon">
</a>
19.1.3.6 Replication From a Source Without GTIDs to a Replica With GTIDs
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045145873440">
</a>
<p>
You can set up replication channels to assign a GTID to replicated
transactions that do not already have one. This feature enables
replication from a source server that does not have GTIDs enabled
and does not use GTID-based replication, to a replica that has
GTIDs enabled. If it is possible to enable GTIDs on the
replication source server, as described in
<a class="xref" href="replication-mode-change-online.html" title="19.1.4 Changing GTID Mode on Online Servers">
Section 19.1.4, “Changing GTID Mode on Online Servers”
</a>
, use that
approach instead. This feature is designed for replication source
servers where you cannot enable GTIDs. Note that as is standard
for MySQL replication, this feature does not support replication
from MySQL source servers earlier than the previous release
series, so MySQL 8.3 is the earliest supported
source for a MySQL 8.4 replica.
</p>
<p>
You can enable GTID assignment on a replication channel using the
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
option
of the
<a class="link" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
</code>
</a>
statement.
<code class="literal">
LOCAL
</code>
assigns a GTID including the
replica's own UUID (the
<a class="link" href="replication-options.html#sysvar_server_uuid">
<code class="literal">
server_uuid
</code>
</a>
setting).
<code class="literal">
<em class="replaceable">
<code>
uuid
</code>
</em>
</code>
assigns a GTID
including the specified UUID, such as the
<a class="link" href="replication-options.html#sysvar_server_uuid">
<code class="literal">
server_uuid
</code>
</a>
setting for the
replication source server. Using a nonlocal UUID lets you
differentiate between transactions that originated on the replica
and transactions that originated on the source, and for a
multi-source replica, between transactions that originated on
different sources. If any of the transactions sent by the source
do have a GTID already, that GTID is retained.
</p>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
A replica set up with
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
on any
channel cannot be promoted to replace the replication source
server in the event that failover is required, and a backup
taken from the replica cannot be used to restore the replication
source server. The same restriction applies to replacing or
restoring other replicas that use
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
on any
channel.
</p>
</div>
<p>
The replica must have
<a class="link" href="replication-options-gtids.html#sysvar_gtid_mode">
<code class="literal">
gtid_mode=ON
</code>
</a>
set, and this cannot
be changed afterwards, unless you set
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS=OFF
</code>
. If
the replica server is started without GTIDs enabled and with
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
set for
any replication channels, the settings are not changed, but a
warning message is written to the error log explaining how to
change the situation.
</p>
<p>
For a multi-source replica, you can have a mix of channels that
use
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
, and
channels that do not. Channels specific to Group Replication
cannot use
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
, but an
asynchronous replication channel for another source on a server
instance that is a Group Replication group member can do so. For a
channel on a Group Replication group member, do not specify the
Group Replication group name as the UUID for creating the GTIDs.
</p>
<p>
Using
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
on
a replication channel is not the same as introducing GTID-based
replication for the channel. The GTID set
(
<a class="link" href="replication-options-gtids.html#sysvar_gtid_executed">
<code class="literal">
gtid_executed
</code>
</a>
) from a replica
set up with
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
should
not be transferred to another server or compared with another
server's
<a class="link" href="replication-options-gtids.html#sysvar_gtid_executed">
<code class="literal">
gtid_executed
</code>
</a>
set. The
GTIDs that are assigned to the anonymous transactions, and the
UUID you choose for them, only have significance for that
replica's own use. The exception to this is any downstream
replicas of the replica where you enabled
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
, and any
servers that were created from a backup of that replica.
</p>
<p>
If you set up any downstream replicas, these servers do not have
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
enabled.
Only the replica that is receiving transactions directly from the
non-GTID source server needs to have
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
set on
the relevant replication channel. Among that replica and its
downstream replicas, you can compare GTID sets, fail over from one
replica to another, and use backups to create additional replicas,
as you would in any GTID-based replication topology.
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
is used
where transactions are received from a non-GTID server outside
this group.
</p>
<p>
A replication channel using
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
has the
following behavior differences to GTID-based replication:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
GTIDs are assigned to the replicated transactions when they
are applied (unless they already had a GTID). A GTID would
normally be assigned on the replication source server when the
transaction is committed, and sent to the replica along with
the transaction. On a multi-threaded replica, this means the
order of the GTIDs does not necessarily match the order of the
transactions, even if
<a class="link" href="replication-options-replica.html#sysvar_replica_preserve_commit_order">
<code class="literal">
replica_preserve_commit_order
</code>
</a>
= 1.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
SOURCE_LOG_FILE
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
SOURCE_LOG_POS
</code>
options of the
<a class="link" href="change-replication-source-to.html" title="15.4.2.2 CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO Statement">
<code class="literal">
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
</code>
</a>
statement are used to position the replication I/O (receiver)
thread, rather than the
<code class="literal">
SOURCE_AUTO_POSITION
</code>
option.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
SET GLOBAL sql_replica_skip_counter
</code>
statement is used to skip transactions on a replication
channel set up with
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
,
rather than the method of committing empty transactions. For
instructions, see
<a class="xref" href="replication-administration-skip.html" title="19.1.7.3 Skipping Transactions">
Section 19.1.7.3, “Skipping Transactions”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The
<code class="literal">
UNTIL SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS
</code>
and
<code class="literal">
UNTIL_SQL_AFTER_GTIDS
</code>
options of the
<a class="link" href="start-replica.html" title="15.4.2.4 START REPLICA Statement">
<code class="literal">
START REPLICA
</code>
</a>
statement cannot
be used for the channel.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
The function
<a class="link" href="gtid-functions.html#function_wait-for-executed-gtid-set">
<code class="literal">
WAIT_FOR_EXECUTED_GTID_SET()
</code>
</a>
works across the server and can be used to wait for any
downstream replicas of the server that have
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
enabled. To wait for the channel with
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
enabled to catch up with the source, which does not use GTIDs,
use the
<a class="link" href="replication-functions-synchronization.html#function_source-pos-wait">
<code class="literal">
SOURCE_POS_WAIT()
</code>
</a>
function.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
The Performance Schema
<a class="link" href="performance-schema-replication-applier-configuration-table.html" title="29.12.11.2 The replication_applier_configuration Table">
<code class="literal">
replication_applier_configuration
</code>
</a>
table shows whether GTIDs are assigned to anonymous transactions
on a replication channel, what the UUID is, and whether it is the
UUID of the replica server (
<code class="literal">
LOCAL
</code>
) or a
user-specified UUID (
<code class="literal">
UUID
</code>
). The information is
also recorded in the applier metadata repository. A
<a class="link" href="reset-replica.html" title="15.4.2.3 RESET REPLICA Statement">
<code class="literal">
RESET REPLICA
ALL
</code>
</a>
statement resets the
<code class="literal">
ASSIGN_GTIDS_TO_ANONYMOUS_TRANSACTIONS
</code>
setting,
but a
<a class="link" href="reset-replica.html" title="15.4.2.3 RESET REPLICA Statement">
<code class="literal">
RESET REPLICA
</code>
</a>
statement does
not.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/group-replication-primary-secondary-replication.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h4 class="title">
<a name="group-replication-primary-secondary-replication">
</a>
20.1.1.1 Source to Replica Replication
</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045134574144">
</a>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045134572640">
</a>
<p>
Traditional MySQL
<a class="link" href="replication.html" title="Chapter 19 Replication">
Replication
</a>
provides a simple source to replica approach to replication. The
source is the primary, and there are one or more replicas, which
are secondaries. The source applies transactions, commits them
and then they are later (thus asynchronously) sent to the
replicas to be either re-executed (in statement-based
replication) or applied (in row-based replication). It is a
shared-nothing system, where all servers have a full copy of the
data by default.
</p>
<div class="figure">
<a name="idm46045134569376">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Figure 20.1 MySQL Asynchronous Replication
</b>
</p>
<div class="figure-contents">
<div class="mediaobject">
<img alt="A transaction received by the source is executed, written to the binary log, then committed, and a response is sent to the client application. The record from the binary log is sent to the relay logs on Replica 1 and Replica 2 before the commit takes place on the source. On each of the replicas, the transaction is applied, written to the replica's binary log, and committed. The commit on the source and the commits on the replicas are all independent and asynchronous." src="images/async-replication-diagram.png" style="width: 100%; max-width: 725px;"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br class="figure-break"/>
<p>
There is also semisynchronous replication, which adds one
synchronization step to the protocol. This means that the
primary waits, at apply time, for the secondary to acknowledge
that it has
<span class="emphasis">
<em>
received
</em>
</span>
the transaction. Only
then does the primary resume the commit operation.
</p>
<div class="figure">
<a name="idm46045134561088">
</a>
<p class="title">
<b>
Figure 20.2 MySQL Semisynchronous Replication
</b>
</p>
<div class="figure-contents">
<div class="mediaobject">
<img alt="A transaction received by the source is executed and written to the binary log. The record from the binary log is sent to the relay logs on Replica 1 and Replica 2. The source then waits for an acknowledgement from the replicas. When both of the replicas have returned the acknowledgement, the source commits the transaction, and a response is sent to the client application. After each replica has returned its acknowledgement, it applies the transaction, writes it to the binary log, and commits it. The commit on the source depends on the acknowledgement from the replicas, but the commits on the replicas are independent from each other and from the commit on the source." src="images/semisync-replication-diagram.png" style="width: 100%; max-width: 725px;"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br class="figure-break"/>
<p>
In the two pictures there is a diagram of the classic
asynchronous MySQL Replication protocol (and its semisynchronous
variant as well). The arrows between the different instances
represent messages exchanged between servers or messages
exchanged between servers and the client application.
</p>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/triggers.html | <div id="docs-body">
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title">
<a name="triggers">
</a>
27.3 Using Triggers
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<dl class="toc">
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="trigger-syntax.html">
27.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples
</a>
</span>
</dt>
<dt>
<span class="section">
<a href="trigger-metadata.html">
27.3.2 Trigger Metadata
</a>
</span>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm46045082430048">
</a>
<p>
A trigger is a named database object that is associated with a
table, and that activates when a particular event occurs for the
table. Some uses for triggers are to perform checks of values to be
inserted into a table or to perform calculations on values involved
in an update.
</p>
<p>
A trigger is defined to activate when a statement inserts, updates,
or deletes rows in the associated table. These row operations are
trigger events. For example, rows can be inserted by
<a class="link" href="insert.html" title="15.2.7 INSERT Statement">
<code class="literal">
INSERT
</code>
</a>
or
<a class="link" href="load-data.html" title="15.2.9 LOAD DATA Statement">
<code class="literal">
LOAD
DATA
</code>
</a>
statements, and an insert trigger activates for each
inserted row. A trigger can be set to activate either before or
after the trigger event. For example, you can have a trigger
activate before each row that is inserted into a table or after each
row that is updated.
</p>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
MySQL triggers activate only for changes made to tables by SQL
statements. This includes changes to base tables that underlie
updatable views. Triggers do not activate for changes to tables
made by APIs that do not transmit SQL statements to the MySQL
Server. This means that triggers are not activated by updates made
using the
<a class="link" href="mysql-cluster.html" title="Chapter 25 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4">
<code class="literal">
NDB
</code>
</a>
API.
</p>
<p>
Triggers are not activated by changes in
<code class="literal">
INFORMATION_SCHEMA
</code>
or
<code class="literal">
performance_schema
</code>
tables. Those tables are
actually views and triggers are not permitted on views.
</p>
</div>
<p>
The following sections describe the syntax for creating and dropping
triggers, show some examples of how to use them, and indicate how to
obtain trigger metadata.
</p>
<h3>
<a name="idm46045082420032">
</a>
Additional Resources
</h3>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
You may find the
<a class="ulink" href="https://forums.mysql.com/list.php?20" target="_blank">
MySQL
User Forums
</a>
helpful when working with triggers.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
For answers to commonly asked questions regarding triggers in
MySQL, see
<a class="xref" href="faqs-triggers.html" title="A.5 MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Triggers">
Section A.5, “MySQL 8.4 FAQ: Triggers”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
There are some restrictions on the use of triggers; see
<a class="xref" href="stored-program-restrictions.html" title="27.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs">
Section 27.8, “Restrictions on Stored Programs”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>
Binary logging for triggers takes place as described in
<a class="xref" href="stored-programs-logging.html" title="27.7 Stored Program Binary Logging">
Section 27.7, “Stored Program Binary Logging”
</a>
.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
</div>
|
Subsets and Splits