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Later years Inflation, the increasing costs of producing theatrical cartoons, and the pressures of producing TV series caused the quality of DFE's output to drop in the mid-to-late 1970s. In 1981, Freleng and DePatie sold DFE Films to Marvel Comics, and Freleng returned to Warner Bros. Animation, which Warner Bros. had re-opened the previous year, to produce a series of feature films featuring vintage Warner cartoons with new connecting footage. DePatie made the transition to become the head of Marvel Productions, as DFE was renamed. The DePatie–Freleng name was later revived in-name-only in 1984 for Pink Panther and Sons, which was otherwise entirely produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions.
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Although Marvel produced mainly superhero cartoons and animated series based on licensed toy lines (including Hasbro properties), it continued to produce new productions starring the Pink Panther (a special for television Pink at First Sight and motion picture titles for Trail of the Pink Panther and Curse of the Pink Panther). Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation would later make a 1993 revival show of the Pink Panther as a joint venture between MGM, Mirisch-Geoffrey-DePatie-Freleng and United Artists, a decade after DFE's merger with Marvel and Mirisch/UA's merger into MGM.
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In 1993, Marvel Productions was renamed to New World Animation, and was completely absorbed in 1996 after News Corporation purchased New World Entertainment, ending the life of the studio that once was DFE. Marvel would eventually continue to produce animated shows through a partnership with Saban Entertainment, which had recently acquired a 50% stake in Fox Kids. In 2001, Fox Family Worldwide (which included Saban Entertainment) were sold to The Walt Disney Company. Subsequent ownership In 2009, The Walt Disney Company purchased Marvel Entertainment, bringing DFE's libraries of all-original and Marvel Comics-based cartoons full circle under one roof; all of these properties are now distributed by Disney–ABC Domestic Television. The Dr. Seuss specials animated by DFE are currently distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment through the Dr. Seuss estate.
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While the television catalog has often changed hands over the years, the theatrical cartoons continue to be owned by their original distributors: United Artists (via its current corporate parent, MGM) for The Mirisch Company cartoon library and Warner Bros. for the Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies cartoons. List of theatrical and television cartoons In a short time, DFE began producing television shows as well as theatricals and specials, becoming a competitor to Hanna-Barbera and Filmation. The studio's various cartoons, specials and shows are listed below. Theatrical series Original series Commissioned series Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies (for Warner Bros., 1964–1967) TV series Commissioned series Sesame Street ("The Pink Panther karate-chops a K") (for Children's Television Workshop) (1970) Doctor Snuggles (for Polyscope Productions, with Topcraft) (1979) TV specials Commissioned specials
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TV commercials Time for Timer The Bod Squad Charlie the Tuna Little Caesars Film and television title design Pink Panther series The Pink Panther (1963) A Shot in the Dark (sub-contracted to George Dunning & Associates, 1964) Inspector Clouseau (sub-contracted to TVC London, 1968) The Return of the Pink Panther (sub-contracted to Richard Williams Studio, 1975) The Pink Panther Strikes Again (sub-contracted to Richard Williams Studio, 1976) Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978)
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Other films: The Dead Ringer (1964) The Best Man (1964) Sex and the Single Girl (1964) How to Murder Your Wife (1965) Love Has Many Faces (1965) The Satan Bug (1965) the maps used in The Hallelujah Trail (1965) The Art of Love (1965) The Great Race (1965) Do Not Disturb (1965) The Trouble with Angels (1966) the animated films parodying the Bell Telephone films in The President's Analyst (1967) With Six You Get Eggroll (1968) Star Wars (1977) (special effects) Capricorn One (1978) (special effects) Other TV series Rawhide (TV series, 1965) (season 8) The Wild Wild West (TV series, 1965) I Dream of Jeannie (TV series, 1965–1970) My World and Welcome to It (TV series, 1969–1971) The Wild Wild West Revisited (TV film, 1979) More Wild Wild West (TV film, 1979)
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Former Warner Bros. Cartoons employees at DePatie–Freleng In the beginning, DePatie–Freleng had virtually the same facilities, personnel and producer as Warner Bros. Cartoons. Although Chuck Jones would later work with DePate–Freleng on The Cat in the Hat, Jones and most of his group of artists ended up at Sib Tower 12 Productions independently producing new Tom and Jerry cartoons for MGM. Although many DePatie–Freleng employees contributed greatly to the success of its product, story artist and Disney and Warner alumnus John W. Dunn created most of the studios' new cartoon series, both for theatrical release and for television. These series included The Ant & The Aardvark, The Tijuana Toads, Here Comes The Grump, and Roland and Ratfink, among others. Many of the DFE cartoons were written and storyboarded by Dunn, including the first Pink Panther cartoon, The Pink Phink. Dunn's drawing style also found its way into the DFE cartoons.
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The list below features many former Warner staffers, but also includes former Disney, MGM and Lantz staffers as well. Producers Friz Freleng David H. DePatie Ted Geisel (Dr. Seuss specials) Chuck Jones (The Cat in the Hat) Directors Friz Freleng Hawley Pratt Robert McKimson Art Leonardi Gerry Chiniquy Art Davis Sid Marcus George Singer George Gordon Grant Simmons Cullen Blaine (credited as Cullen Houghtaling) Writers John W. Dunn David Detiege Len Janson Don Jurwich Bob Kurtz Jim Ryan Nick Bennion Al Bertino Tom Dagenais Dale Hale Michael O'Connor Sid Marcus Irv Spector
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Voices Carl Esser Sarah Kennedy Karen Smith Kathy Gori Frank Welker Jim Begg Rip Taylor Paul Frees John Byner Mel Blanc Daws Butler Larry Storch Ralph James Arte Johnson Hal Smith Gege Pearson Joan Gerber Stan Freberg Pat Harrington Jr. Gonzales Gonzales June Foray Bob Holt Don Messick Allan Sherman Paul Winchell Hans Conried Thurl Ravenscroft Arnold Stang Rich Little Laura Olsher Marvin Miller Lennie Weinrib Dave Barry Music William Lava Herman Stein Doug Goodwin Irving Gertz Walter Greene Henry Mancini Dean Elliott Joe Raposo Steve DePatie References External links Unofficial DePatie-Freleng website American companies established in 1963 American companies disestablished in 1981 American animation studios Mass media companies established in 1963 Mass media companies disestablished in 1981 1963 establishments in California 1981 disestablishments in California Companies based in Burbank, California
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The Australian Paralympic Swim Team has competed at every Summer Paralympics, which started with the 1960 Summer Paralympic Games. Matthew Cowdrey at the 2012 London Games replaced Priya Cooper as Australia's most successful Paralympic swimmer, with a tally of 13 gold medals over three Paralympic Games (2004, 2008 and 2012). Cowdrey replaced Kingsley Bugarin for the record for holding the most number of medals in any sport, with 23 medals from 3 Paralympic Games (2004–2012). Jacqueline Freney won 8 gold medals at the 2012 London Games replacing Siobhan Paton as Australia's most successful Paralympic competitor at a single games. Leading Australian swimmers, 1960–2020 Australian Medal Tally 1960–2020 1960 Summer Paralympics
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Daphne Ceeney was Australia's first Paralympic Swim Team member. At the 1960 Summer Paralympics, Ceeney won gold in the Women's 50m Breaststroke and gold in the Women's 50m Crawl in the "complete class 5". At the same games, she also competed in the Archery and Athletics. Swimmers Women: Daphne Ceeney Medal Tally The Australian Paralympic Swim team finished ninth on the medal table with a total of 2 medals. Gold Medals: 2 1964 Summer Paralympics Medallists Men: Michael Dow, Roy Fowler, Trevor French, Gary Hooper, Allan McLucas, Frank Ponta, Bruce Thwaite Women: Elizabeth Edmondson, Daphne Ceeney Medal Tally The Australian Paralympic Swim Team finished second on the medal table with a total of 13 medals at the 1964 Summer Paralympics. Gold Medals: 9 Silver Medals: 2 Bronze Medals: 2 1968 Summer Paralympics
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Team Members Men – Felix Blums, Brian Chambers, Gary Hooper, Bill Mather-Brown, Allan McLucas, Frank Ponta, Jeff Simmonds, Don Watts Women – Lorraine Dodd, Elizabeth Edmondson, Daphne Hilton, Sally Lamb, Cherrie Ireland, Medal Tally The Australian Swim Team won a total of 11 Medals at the 1968 Summer Paralympics finishing 6th in the Medal Standings. Gold Medals: 5 Silver Medals: 5 Bronze Medals: 1 1972 Summer Paralympics Team Members Men – Eric Boulter, Brian Chambers, Russell Morrison Women – Pauline English, Pam Foley, Cherrie Ireland, Elizabeth Richards Medal Tally The Australian Swim Team finished 10th place in the Medal standings at the 1972 Summer Paralympics with 9 medals: Gold Medals: 1 Silver Medals: 3 Bronze Medals: 5 1976 Summer Paralympics Team Members Men – Robert Faulkner, G. Green, John Hind, Roy Kubig, Brian Sullivan Women – Pauline English, Lyn Michael, Gail Nicholson
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Medal Tally The Australian Swim Team finished in 12th place on the medal tally at the 1976 Summer Paralympics with 10 Medals: Gold Medals: 3 Silver Medals: 5 Bronze Medals: 2 1980 Summer Paralympics Team Members Men - Rene Andres, Paul Bird, Peter Carroll, Gary Gudgeon, Peter Hill, Dennis Kennedy, David (Dave) Manera, David McPherson, Charlie Tapscott Women – Carolyn Connors, Maureen Pybus Medal Tally The Australian Paralympic Swim team finished in 15th place on the medal tally at the 1980 Summer Paralympics with a total of 11 Medals: Gold Medals: 1 Silver Medals: 8 Bronze Medals: 2 1984 Summer Paralympics The 1984 Summer Paralympics were Australia's most successful medal haul with a final tally of 74 medals.
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Team members Men – Paul Bird, Craig Blackburn, Kingsley Bugarin, Malcom Chalmers, Geoffrey Fowler, David Griffin, Gary Gudgeon, Greg Hammond, Michael Kelly, Alan Morley, Michael Quinn, Wayne Ryding, Robert Staddon, Phillip Tracey, Robert Walden Women – Helena Brunner, Lynette Coleman, Kerri-Anne Connor, Anne Currie, Therese Donovan, Rosemary Eames, Kerrie Engel, Meredith Evans, Deborah Holland, Ursula King, Tracey Lewis, Jan Miller, Mary-Anne Wallace, Carol Young Coaches - G. Brown (Blind) Officials - J. Blackburn (Manager - Blind) Medal Tally The Australian Paralympic Swim team finished in 9th position in the medal standings at the 1984 Summer Paralympics with a total of 74 medals: Gold Medals: 20 Silver Medals: 30 Bronze Medals: 24 1988 Summer Paralympics
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Team Members Men - Leslie Beath, Kingsley Bugarin, Brendan Burkett, Jason Diederich, Richard Dougan, Stephen Gregson, David Griffin, Greg Hammond, Simon Matthew Lee, David Lillecrapp, Brian Moores, Robert Philpot, Wayne Ryding, Ralph Smith, Gregory Timmermans, Phillip Tracey, Robert Walden Women - Karen Ferguson, Deborah Holland, Catherine Huggett, Susan Knox, Lyn Lillecrapp, Mandy Maywood, Sandra Yaxley, Judith Young Medal Tally The Australian Paralympic Swim team finished in 14th position in the medal standings at the 1988 Summer Paralympics with a total of 31 medals: Gold Medals: 5 Silver Medals: 12 Bronze Medals: 14 1992 Barcelona Paralympics Team members
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Men – Rodney Bonsack, Damien Bridger, Kingsley Bugarin, Brendan Burkett (swim captain), Jason Diederich, Bradley Evans, Paul Gockel, Simon Matthew Lee, Kieran Modra, Stephen Simmonds, David Smith, Phillip Tracey Women – Kelly Barnes, Julie Barr, Tracy Barrell, Michelle Bate, Priya Cooper, Tracey Cross, Anne Currie, Catherine Huggett, Lyn Lillecrapp, Mandy Maywood, Tracey Oliver, Kirstyn Summerton, Danae Sweetapple, Sandra Yaxley, Judith Young Coaches – Anne Green (Amputee), Phil Jose (Cerebral palsy), Kerry Smith (Cerebral palsy) Officials – Ian McDowell-Jones (Vision impaired Manager), Rowenna Toppenberg (blind escort) Medal tally The Australian Swim team finished in sixth position in the medal standings at the 1992 Summer Paralympics with a total of 35 medals. Gold: 10 Silver: 12 Bronze: 13 1996 Atlanta Paralympics
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Team members Men – Rodney Bonsack, Scott Brockenshire, Kingsley Bugarin, Brendan Burkett, Dominic Collins, Paul Cross, Cameron de Burgh, Grant Fitzpatrick, Paul Gockel, Alex Hadley, Jeff Hardy, Sean Harris, Brett Reid, Alastair Smales Women – Petrea Barker, Melissa Carlton, Priya Cooper, Tracey Cross, Gemma Dashwood, Janelle Falzon, Alicia Jenkins, Karni Liddell, Vicky Machen, Tamara Nowitzki, Tracey Oliver, Lesly Page, Sarah-Jane Schulze, Cara Sullivan, Elizabeth Wright, Judith Young Coaches – Ian Findlay (Head), Matthew Brown, Helen Cox, Kathryn Rogers. Medal Tally The Australian Swim team finished in 3rd place in the Medal Standings at the 1996 Summer Paralympics with a total of 44 medals: Gold Medals: 16 Silver Medals: 16 Bronze Medals: 12 2000 Sydney Paralympics A total of 51 swimmers were selected to compete in the Australian Swim Team at the 2000 Summer Paralympic Games. Team members Team Captains: Priya Cooper, Brendan Burkett Medallists:
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Men - Mark Altmann, Ben Austin, Paul Barnett, Daniel Bell, Tom Bridge, Scott Brockenshire, Kingsley Bugarin, Brendan Burkett, Dominic Collins, Paul Cross, Cameron de Burgh, Patrick Donachie, Justin Eveson, Jeff Hardy, Alex Harris, Michael Palfery, Stewart Pike, Brett Reid, David Rolfe, Alastair Smales, Christian Stafford, Shane Walsh Women - |Alicia Aberley, Katerina Bailey, Petrea Barker, Denise Beckwith, Melissa Carlton, Kate Church, Priya Cooper, Tracey Cross, Gemma Dashwood, Nicole Davey, Janelle Falzon, Amanda Fraser, Megan Grant, Judith Green, Sarah Houlbolt, Alicia Jenkins, Marayke Jonkers, Dianna Ley, Karni Liddell, Tamara Nowitzki, Kirra O'Cass, Siobhan Paton, Casey Redford, Ellen Steele, Brooke Stockham, Lucy Williams, Stacey Williams, Melissa Willson, Elizabeth Wright Medal Tally The Australian Swim team finished 5th overall in the medal standings at the 2000 Summer Paralympics with 50 medals. Gold Medals: 14 Silver Medals: 15 Bronze Medals: 21
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2004 Athens Paralympics A total of 29 swimmers were selected in the Australian Swim team to compete at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. Matthew Cowdrey, in his first Paralympic Swim Team appearance, was Australia's best performing swimmer winning 3 gold, 2 silver and 2 bronze medals. Team members Swimmers:: Men – Ben Austin, Daniel Bell, Sam Bramham, Matthew Cowdrey, Dale Grant, Alex Harris, Alex Hadley, Matt Levy, Jeremy McClure, Ricardo Moffatti, Rick Pendleton, Kobie Scott, Alastair Smales, Rod Welsh Women – Katerina Bailey, Sarah Bowen, Lichelle Clarke, Mandy Drennan, Marayke Jonkers, Kat Lewis, Hannah MacDougall, Katrina Porter, Sarah Rose, Dianne Saunders, Jessica Smith, Brooke Stockham, Prue Watt, Stacey Williams, Chantel Wolfenden
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Head Coach- Brendan Keogh Assistant Coaches - John Beckworth, Peter Bishop, Graeme Carroll, Gwen Godfrey, Paul Simms Manager - Adam Luscombe Sports Scientist - Brendan Burkett Support Staff - Ingrid McKay (Massage Therapist), Claire Nichols (Physiotherapist), Zoe Young (Assistant Team Manager) Medal Tally The Australian Paralympic Swim team finished 10th overall with a total of 35 Medals. Gold Medals: 6 Silver Medals: 14 Bronze Medals: 15 Detailed Australian Results 2008 Beijing Paralympics A total of 35 swimmers were selected to compete in the Australian Swim team at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. This was the largest away team since the 1996 Summer Paralympics. Matthew Cowdrey (with 5 gold and 3 silver medals) and Peter Leek (with 3 gold, 4 silver and 1 bronze) were the most successful of the Australian swimmers. Many of the swimmers were new to the Paralympic team: 8 of the 17 male athletes and 11 of the 18 female athletes were competing in their first Paralympic Team.
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Team Members Swimmers: Team Captain: Matthew Cowdrey Men – Michael Anderson, Ben Austin, Daniel Bell, Sam Bramham, Blake Cochrane, Matthew Cowdrey, Jay Dohnt, Alex Hadley, Brenden Hall, Peter Leek, Matt Levy, Jeremy McClure, Ricardo Moffatti, Stephen Osborne, Andrew Pasterfield, Rick Pendleton, Jeremy Tidy Women – Sarah Bowen, Ellie Cole, Amanda Drennan, Jacqui Freney, Samantha Gandolfo, Marayke Jonkers, Katrina Lewis, Sian Lucas, Hannah MacDougall, Tarryn McGaw, Rhiannon Oliver, Esther Overton, Katrina Porter, Shelley Rogers, Sarah Rose, Teigan Van Roosmalen, Prue Watt, Annabelle Williams Staff: Head Coach- Brendan Keogh Assistant Coaches - Graeme Carroll, Amanda Isaac, Jackie Black, Joanne Love, Rob Moon, Jon O'Neill-Shaw, Mel Tantrum, Section Manager - Melanie Jenkins Support Staff- Brendan Burkett (Sport Scientist), Sacha Fulton (Sport Scientist), Claire Nichols (Physiotherapist), Vaughan Nicholson (Physiotherapist), Penny Will (Massage Therapist), Sandra Eccles (Nurse)
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Medal Tally The Australian Paralympic Swim team finished 7th on the Medal Tally with a total of 29 medals. Gold Medals: 9 Silver Medals: 11 Bronze Medals: 9 Detailed Australian Results 2012 London Paralympics Team Members
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Swimmers:: Men: – Michael Anderson, Tim Antalfy, Michael Auprince, Blake Cochrane, Taylor Corry, Matthew Cowdrey, Jay Dohnt, Richard Eliason, Daniel Fox, Matthew Haanappel, Brenden Hall, Ahmed Kelly, Mitchell Kilduff, Matthew Levy, Jeremy McClure, Andrew Pasterfield, Grant Patterson, Rick Pendleton, Aaron Rhind, Sean Russo, Reagan Wickens Women: – Kayla Clarke, Ellie Cole, Katherine Downie, Maddison Elliott, Amanda Fowler, Jacqueline Freney, Tanya Huebner, Kara Leo, Esther Overton, Katrina Porter, Sarah Rose, Teigan Van Roosmalen, Prue Watt, Annabelle Williams Head Coach – Brendan Keogh Section Manager – Karyn Burgess Assistant Coach – Jonathan O'Neil-Shaw, Coaches – Robert Hindmarsh, Tom Davies, Angelo Baselo, Michael Freney, Chris Phillips, Bash ZidanSports Science – Brendan Burkett, Sacha FultonPhysiotherapy – Jo Anne Evershed, David Spurrier, Penny WillSports Psychology – Jason Patchell Carer – Tara Andrews Medal Tally
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Australia finished second on the gold medal table and won a total of 37 medals. Gold: 18 Silver: 7 Bronze: 12 Leading swimmers were – Jacqueline Freney won 8 gold medals, Matthew Cowdrey won 5 gold medals, 2 silver medals and 1 bronze medal and Ellie Cole won 4 gold medals and 2 bronze medals. Detailed Australian Results 2016 Rio Paralympics
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Team MembersSwimmers:: Men: – Joshua Alford (d), Michael Anderson, Jesse Aungles (d), Liam Bekric (d), Blake Cochrane, Rowan Crothers (d), Timothy Disken (d), Daniel Fox, Matthew Haanappel, Brenden Hall, Guy Harrison-Murray (d), Timothy Hodge (d), Braedan Jason (d), Ahmed Kelly, Matthew Levy, Jeremy McClure, Rick Pendleton, Logan Powell (d), Sean Russo, Liam Schulter (d), Jacob Templeton (d) Women: – Emily Beecroft (d), Ellie Cole, Katja Dedekind (d), Maddison Elliott, Tanya Huebner (d), Jenna Jones (d), Paige Leonhardt (d), Ashleigh McConnell (d), Monique Murphy (d), Lakeisha Patterson (d), Madeleine Scott (d), Tiffany Thomas Kane (d), Rachael Watson (d), Prue Watt, Kate Wilson (d) Head Coach: Brendan Keogh Team Leader: Adam Pine Coaches' - Angelo Basalo, Jan Cameron, Harley Connolly, Nathan Doyle, Lachlan Falvey, Rick Van Der Zant, Yuriy Vdovychenko Assistant Team Leaders - Michelle Doyle, Ian Armbruster Sports science - Brendan Burkett Biomechanist - Danielele Formosa
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Team Doctor - Caron Jander Physiotherapists - David Spurrier, Brett Doring Soft Tissue Therapists - Jacqui Gilbert, Samantha Short Psychologist - Thomas Tapper Carer - Jeanette Phillips-Hughes
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Medal Tally Gold: 9 Silver: 10 Bronze: 10 Leading swimmers were: Maddison Elliott five medals including three gold, Ellie Cole six medals including two gold and Lakeisha Patterson six medals including two gold. Detailed Australian Results 2020 Tokyo Paralympics
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Team MembersSwimmers:: Men: - Jesse Aungles, Ricky Betar (d), Blake Cochrane, Rowan Crothers, Timothy Disken, Thomas Gallagher (d), Brenden Hall, Benjamin Hance (d), Timothy Hodge (d), Braedan Jason, Ahmed Kelly, Matt Levy, William Martin (d), Jake Michel (d), Grant Patterson, Col Pearse (d), Ben Popham (d), Liam Schluter, Alexander Tuckfield (d) Women: Emily Beecroft, |Ellie Cole, Katja Dedekind, Jasmine Greenwood (d), Kirralee Hayes (d), Paige Leonhardt, Ashleigh McConnell, Madeleine McTernan (d), Lakeisha Patterson, Keira Stephens (d), Ruby Storm, Tiffany Thomas Kane, Ashley Van Rijswijk (d), Isabella Vincent (d), Rachael WatsonStaff:Head Coach: Brendan KeoghTeam Leader: Adam PineCoaches' - Jon Bell, Clinton Camilleri, Harley Connolly, Nathan Doyle, Kate Sparkes, Greg Towle, Yuriy Vdovychenko Support Staff - Assistant Team Leaders - Michelle Doyle, Andrew MacGregor Performance Services Manager - Jodi Cossor Biomechanist - Simon Pearson Physiologist - Katie McGibbon
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Team Doctor - Viran De Silva Physiotherapists - Brett Doring, Dean Sullivan, Soft Tissue Therapists - Thea Dillon Psychologist - Geoff Lovell Assistant - Jeanette Phillips-Hughes
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Medal Tally Gold: 8 Silver: 10 Bronze: 15 Leading swimmers were: William Martin four medals including three gold, Ben Popham and Rowan Crothers three medals - two gold and 1 silver. Ellie Cole two bronze medals resulted in her winning 17 Paralympic medals and replaced Priya Cooper as leading Australian female swimming medallist. Detailed Australian Results(d)''' Paralympic Games debut See also Australian Swim Team References External links Australian Paralympic Committee - Swimming Swimming Australia Paralympic Games Medal Tally & Team Lists Australian Paralympic teams Australian swim teams
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Illuminations is an incomplete suite of prose poems by the French poet Arthur Rimbaud, first published partially in , a Paris literary review, in May–June 1886. The texts were reprinted in book form in October 1886 by Les publications de La Vogue under the title Les Illuminations proposed by the poet Paul Verlaine, Rimbaud's former lover. In his preface, Verlaine explained that the title was based on the English word illuminations, in the sense of coloured plates, and a sub-title that Rimbaud had already given the work. Verlaine dated its composition between 1873 and 1875. Rimbaud wrote the majority of poems comprising Illuminations during his stay in the United Kingdom with Verlaine at his side. The texts follow Rimbaud's peregrinations in 1873 from Reading where he had hoped to find steady work, to Charleville and Stuttgart in 1875. Content, style, and themes
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The text of Illuminations is generally agreed to consist of forty-two poems. In large part, due to the circumstances surrounding the publication of the poems of Illuminations, there is no consensus as to the order in which Rimbaud intended the poems to appear. Nevertheless, certain conventions stand among the many editions of the text. For example, the various publications of Illuminations almost invariably begin with "Après Le Deluge". Despite this ostensible controversy, a large number of scholars have declared the order of Illuminations to be irrelevant. Perhaps translator Bertrand Mathieu best distilled the major reasons for this contention: "No single poem really depends on the others or counts on them to achieve its own perfections. Each is intrinsic (we don't know the exact sequence and we don't need to know it)."
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The collection consists overwhelmingly of prose poems, which number forty of the forty-two poems. The two exceptions are "Marine" and "Mouvement", which are vers libre. These two poems are remarkable not only as exceptions within Illuminations itself, but as two of the first free verse poems written in the French language. Within the genres of prose poetry and vers libre, the poems of Illuminations bear many stylistic distinctions. Though influenced by the earlier prose poems of Charles Baudelaire, the prose poems differ starkly from Baudelaire's in that they lack prosaic elements such as linear storytelling and transitions. Because of these differences, Rimbaud's prose poems are denser and more poetic than Baudelaire's. These differences also contribute to the surrealist quality of Illuminations. Though Rimbaud predated surrealism, he is said to have written in a surrealistic style due to the hallucinatory, dreamlike aspect of many of the poems. Another aspect of Rimbaud's style,
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which also contributes to the visionary quality of the poems, is his use of words for their evocative quality rather than their literal meaning. In addition to these stylistic qualities, Illuminations is rich with sensory imagery. A puzzling aspect of Rimbaud's style is his use of foreign words within the French text of Illuminations. For example, the poem "Being Beauteous" has an English title, even in the original French. Rimbaud biographer Graham Robb suggests that the presence of words from languages like English and German are due in part to Rimbaud's travels. Apparently, as he learned languages, Rimbaud kept lists of words he wished to use in poems.
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Because the poems of Illuminations are so diverse and self-contained, they cover a wide range of themes. One theme evident throughout the text is protest. This theme permeates the first poem, "Après Le Deluge", and continues throughout many of the poems in the work. In Illuminations, Rimbaud seems to protest almost everything the society in which he lives has to offer. Another major theme in Illuminations is the city, most evident in the poem "Ville". This theme features prominently in at least six of the poems of Illuminations, and is mentioned in many others. In these poems, Rimbaud expresses a simultaneous attraction and horror towards the modern city. Other major themes include anguish, ecstasy, metamorphosis, nature, walking and travel, creation and destruction.
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Writing Les Illuminations
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No one knows exactly when Rimbaud's Les Illuminations was written. It can be ascertained, from examination of the poems, that they were not all written at the same time. It is known that the poems were written in many different locations, such as Paris, London, and Belgium. Rimbaud was also involved in various relationships while he was composing these writings. He lived with Paul Verlaine and his small family in Paris from September 1871 to July 1872, with a short stint in Charleville in March, April, and May. The two travelled from Belgium to London in August 1872. It was this trip to London that provided Rimbaud with the backdrop of a British city for many of his poems. The two spent the following year together in London, with Rimbaud visiting Charleville twice. During these months with Verlaine, Rimbaud grew and matured. The majority of the poems included in Les Illuminations were written in 1873, the happiest year of Rimbaud's and Verlaine's relationship.
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When his relationship with Verlaine ended, Rimbaud went to live with Germain Nouveau in London in 1874, revising old poems and writing new ones later included in Les Illuminations. Rimbaud's relationship with Nouveau remains mysterious because of the lack of information about their life together. Although little is known about this year in his life, it is certain that in February 1875 Rimbaud had given the manuscript sub-titled Les Illuminations to Verlaine. Publication and critical response Two versions of Illuminations were published in 1886, each version arranging texts in orders that differ from the other edition. Earning his living as a trader in the Horn of Africa at this time, Rimbaud was never personally involved in the publication of either edition. He did not leave Africa until 1891 when he was sick to the point of death. Publication history
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On Verlaine's release from prison in February 1875, Rimbaud entrusted him with the manuscript known today as Illuminations with the mission to mail it to Germain Nouveau in Brussels. Intent on an extended tour of Europe, Rimbaud had asked Nouveau to secure a Belgian publisher in his absence. Soon after sending the manuscript to Nouveau, however, Verlaine was seized with remorse: Why had he not searched for a publisher himself? At Verlaine's request, Nouveau returned the manuscript two years later at a meeting in London in 1877. With a view to publishing the complete works, Verlaine inserted into the original manuscript poems written in 1872 along with texts Rimbaud had given to Nouveau. Several months later, Verlaine loaned the manuscripts to the composer Charles de Sivry (the half-brother of Verlaine's estranged wife, Mathilde Mauté) with the aim of their being set to music. Learning that her half-brother was in possession of Rimbaud's texts, Mathilde expressly forbade de Sivry to
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return the manuscripts to Verlaine or to anyone else likely to publish them. It was not until nine years later, in 1886, after Mathilde had divorced Verlaine and remarried, that she rescinded her publication ban. Still seeking revenge over the destruction of her marriage by Rimbaud, Mathilde prohibited Verlaine from ever regaining possession of his former lover's manuscripts.
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De Sivry confided Rimbaud's texts to Louis Cardonel with the proviso that Verlaine was not to be involved in their publication. Cardonel approached Gustave Kahn, editor of the literary magazine La Vogue, who agreed to publish the work along with a sonnet by Rimbaud in 1886. At Kahn's request, art critic and journalist Félix Fénéon arranged the order of the texts by respecting pages that linked the end of a text and the start of another. Inserted at random were verse poems and a few isolated pages. Despite these preparations, only 35 out of a total of 42 texts were published in La Vogue between May 13 and June 21 due to an obscure dispute between those associated with the project. Later in the year, Kahn commissioned Verlaine to write a preface to the still untitled suite of poems for their publication in book form by Les publications de La Vogue in October 1886. Verlaine gave them their collective name Illuminations or "coloured plates", a title that Rimbaud had earlier proposed as a
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sub-title. The publishers' dispute ultimately resulted in a dividing up of the manuscripts and their dispersal. Rimbaud died without the benefit of knowing that his manuscripts had not only been published but were lauded and studied, having finally gained the recognition he had strived for.
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In 1895, an edition claiming to be the "complete works" of Rimbaud, with a new preface by Verlaine, was published by Vanier éditions, containing only five pieces from Illuminations. Since then, there have been many publications of Rimbaud's Illuminations, both in the original French and in translation. Critical opinion Rimbaud was the subject of an entire chapter in Paul Verlaine's Les Poètes maudits, showing the older poet's devotion to and belief in his young lover. He also wrote an introduction to the Illuminations in the 1891 publication, arguing that despite the years past in which no one heard from Rimbaud his works were still relevant and valuable. Albert Camus, in his 1951 essay L'homme révolté, hailed Rimbaud as "the poet of revolt, and the greatest", mainly for his last two works, Une saison en enfer and Illuminations — although he vehemently criticized him for his later "resignation" from literature, hence revolt itself, when he became a "bourgeois traficker".
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Translations Translation history
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Arthur Rimbaud's Illuminations, initially written and published in the late 19th century, has been translated numerous times since its original composition. Translators (and often poets in their own right) have undertaken this task repeatedly throughout the last century, producing many distinct, original, and innovative versions of the French collection of prose poetry. Some of the most popular translations include those by Helen Rootham (1932), Louise Varèse (1946/revised 1957), Paul Schmidt (1976), Nick Osmond (1993), Dennis J. Carlile (2001), Martin Sorrell (2001), Wyatt Mason (2002), and the collaborative team composed of Jeremy Harding and John Sturrock (2004). All of these translators have worked to introduce Illuminations to a new generation, each having their own angle in their presentation of the work. Variations in cross-language (French to English) translation, differences in the ordering of texts, discrepancies in the inclusion/exclusion of certain "proems", and
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incorporation of forwards/introductions written by the specific translators all account for the ability of these works to offer new meaning to Illuminations. In 2011, poet John Ashbery published a translation of Illuminations, which was favorably reviewed in the New York Times Book Review by Lydia Davis as "meticulously faithful yet nimbly inventive."
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Analysis of translations The translation of Illuminations from French to English proves a daunting task for the translator. They may either choose to remain as close to the original as possible, often creating ambiguity due to discontinuity; to indulge in their creative liberties as a translator and elaborate/explain in the translation; or to find a medium amongst these two methodologies. Various translators have interpreted their roles in the presentation of Illuminations to the public in a different light, thus producing multiple versions of the collection of prose poems.
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In the Wyatt Mason translation (2002), much of the Introduction to his version of Illuminations focuses on the biographical details of Rimbaud's life. The intrigue surrounding the poet's scandalous character incites a desire in readers to better understand what inspired Rimbaud, what made him tick. Mason's methodology of focusing so extensively on Rimbaud's life leads readers to conclude his translation functions as a tool of conveying what emotions and feelings Rimbaud was experiencing at the time of his writing.
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In the Nick Osmond translation (1993), a thorough reading of the Introduction again provides background information and proves useful in examining his purpose for translating. Focusing extensively on the lengthy and uncertain publication process surrounding the original "proems," Osmond attempts to organize the works into distinct groups, establishing some definitive order. Because no one truly knows how Rimbaud intended them to be arranged in a collective work, this decision is left up to the translator. As Osmond suggests, different ordering gives rise to different meaning in the poems. Thus, ordering provides another mechanism through which translators have the ability to formulate the message they wish to convey in their particular piece of literature.
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In the Jeremy Harding and John Sturrock translation (2004), the reader is the focus of the work. Parallel text has been adopted to make the reading more manageable for the literary audience, and although this is known to "cramp" a translator's style, Harding & Sturrock chose to do so for the sake of their readers. In addition, this translation takes much liberty in the sounds established through cross-language barriers. Instead of focusing on keeping the syllable count consistent with the French when translated to English, the translators chose to use words sounding more pleasant to the 'English ear'. Also interesting, this translation includes only half of the forty-two prose poems known to make up Illuminations, proving further liberties have been taken in its formation.
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Standing the test of time and ensuring the work's longevity in the literary world, Rimbaud's Illuminations has been translated repeatedly and introduced to new generations of individuals. Each translator, like each poet, writes with a purpose. The various versions of Illuminations in publication will continue to draw on different aspects of the original and evoke different responses from readers. Influence and legacy Symbolism: The Paris literary review La Vogue was the first to publish Illuminations. Knowing little about Rimbaud, the editor Gustave Kahn mistakenly introduced him as "the late Arthur Rimbaud", thereby facilitating his adoption by the Symbolists as a legendary poetic figure. Rimbaud's style and syntactical choices pointed to Symbolist tendencies, including the use of abstract plural nouns.
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Dadaism: In its rejection of the sensible and logical, Dadaism embraced Rimbaud's ability to write in abstractions and impossibilities. This supports Rimbaud's role in revolutions as the Dadaist movement was a protest movement against capitalist ideals believed to be at the root of all war. Surrealists: Rimbaud's poetry was "Surrealist before the word was invented or became a movement". Although Surrealists often disowned all art before their time, Rimbaud is one of the few predecessors the group acknowledged. Like Dadaists, Surrealists do not accept rationality as they believe it to be the cause of unhappiness and injustice. Rimbaud's passion to "change life" is echoed in the Surrealist's call to change reality through (only currently) impossibilities. A main difference, however, is that Rimbaud did not "abandon himself passively" to automatic writing like many Surrealist writers.
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Rimbaud's life and works have inspired many musicians. Vocal works (operas and short songs), symphonies, trios, piano pieces, and rock songs exist, taking as their subjects Illuminations and Rimbaud's earlier work, A Season in Hell. The British composer Benjamin Britten set a selection of Illuminations to music. Les Illuminations for tenor or soprano and strings, Op. 18 uses nine prose poems: "Fanfare", "Villes", "Phrase", "Antique", "Royauté", "Marine", "Interlude", "Being Beauteous", "Parade", and "Départ". The Decca Record Co. (London) released a historic recording featuring Britten conducting the work, with Britten's lifelong companion Peter Pears singing the tenor part (Britten had dedicated his setting of the song "Being Beauteous" to Pears).
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American composer Harold Blumenfeld devoted an entire decade immersing himself in Rimbaud, producing four compositions, namely: La Face Cendrée, Ange de Flamme et de la Glace, Illuminations, and Carnet de damné. Three of these works are based on prose poems from Illuminations. La Face Cendreé is a work for soprano, cello, and piano; it takes the "Aube" and "Being Beauteous" as subject. Ange de Flamme et de la Glace, a work for medium voice and chamber ensemble, is based on the "Barbare". Blumenfeld's two-part orchestral work, Illuminations, is based on five prose poems from Rimbaud's work: "Mystique", "Diluvial", "Après le déluge", "À une raison", and "Soir historique".
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Other composers inspired by Rimbaud are Bulgarian composer Henri Lazarof and German composers Georg Katzer and Andreas Staffel (born 1965). Henri Lazarof's Fifth Symphony uses two French texts, one by Lazarof himself and the other by Rimbaud. Georg Katzer's Trio for Oboe, Cello, and Piano uses an essay by Rimbaud. Andreas Staffel's work Illumination is for piano, based on Rimbaud's Illuminations. Hans Krása's 3 Lieder After Poems by Rimbaud, was composed in the confines of the Terezín ghetto (Theresienstadt) in Czechoslovakia. The Bohemian composer Hans Krása (1899–1944) was a pupil of celebrated composers Zemlinsky and Roussel. These "Rimbaud Songs" are set for baritone, clarinet, viola, and cello. On the last page of Krása's original manuscript was a rehearsal schedule in the concentration camp: four were held in the Magdburg Barracks and one in the Dresden Barracks.
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Rock musicians Bob Dylan, Jim Morrison, and Patti Smith have expressed their appreciation for Rimbaud (the latter calling Dylan the reincarnation of the French poet). The essay "Rimbaud and Patti Smith: Style as Social Deviance" by Carrie Jaurès Noland features a critical analysis of Rimbaud's influence on Patti Smith's work. Wallace Fowlie's book, Rimbaud and Jim Morrison: The Rebel as Poet, attempts to draw parallels between the lives and personalities of Rimbaud and Jim Morrison, demonstrating how the latter found Rimbaud a constant source of inspiration. Fowlie argues that some of Morrison's "lost writings" (a volume of poetry published posthumously, entitled Wilderness) bear strong resemblance to pieces from Illuminations. References Sources External links Arthur Rimbaud Les Illuminations from the original French Publications de la Vogue, 1886
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French poetry collections 1886 poetry books 19th-century French literature Works originally published in French magazines Works originally published in literary magazines Arthur Rimbaud
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Norfolk County is a rural single-tier municipality on the north shore of Lake Erie in Southwestern Ontario, Canada with a 2016 population of 64,044. Despite its name, it is no longer a county by definition, as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government. The largest community in Norfolk County is Simcoe, whose 2016 population was 13,922. The other population centres are Port Dover, Delhi, Waterford and Port Rowan, and there are many smaller communities. For several years in the late 20th century, the county was merged with Haldimand County but the merged entity was dissolved in 2000.
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Geography Located on the Norfolk Sand Plain in the Carolinian Life Zone, Norfolk County's soil type is sandy loam, the most fertile land in Ontario. With a mild climate and lengthy growing season, the region has long been the centre of the Ontario tobacco belt. However, many farmers have begun the process of diversifying their crop selections to include fruits and vegetables, lavender, ginseng, hazelnuts, and wolfberries as tobacco consumption continues to decrease. A significant natural feature of Norfolk is Long Point, a 40 kilometre (25 mi) spit of land projecting into Lake Erie. It plays an important part in eastern North American bird migration, and was designated a World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1986. Long Point Provincial Park is located on the point. More than 25% of Norfolk County is considered to be forested; especially near the major communities and hamlets that dot the county.
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The county seat and largest community is Simcoe. Other population centres are Port Dover, Delhi and Waterford. History Initial European settlement By 1669, the French explorers De Galinee and Dollier de Casson had reached what is now Port Dover. They erected a cross with the arms of France claiming sovereignty for King Louis XIV over the Lake Erie region on March 23, 1670. A history of the area written in 1898 indicates an even earlier visit to what is now Norfolk County, in October 1626, by a Recollet priest, Laroche-Daillon with two Frenchmen Grenolle and La Vallee. The priest spent three months with the Neutrals First Nation. The same account also indicates that two Jesuits, Breboeuf and Chaurnonot, visited the Neutrals in this area in 1640.
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The first European to live in the area, with the Neutrals, was William (Billy) Smith, son of Abraham Smith. He eventually settled near the current Port Rowan in 1793. This was in the first community, the Long Point Settlement (near what is now Port Rowan), where mills were built by United Empire Loyalist settlers. In the subsequent years, sawmills and grist mills were opened and the population increased. After the town site was surveyed in the late 1700s, the area was called Charlotte Villa and was later renamed Charlotteville. 19th Century Norfolk County was originally created in July 1792 as a constituency for the purposes of returning a member to the new Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, and was described as having the following territory: Norfolk County was reduced in size in 1798, with parts going to the counties of Oxford, Middlesex and Haldimand, and became part of the London District. It consisted of the following townships:
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Charlotteville Houghton Middleton Rainham Townsend Walpole Walsingham Windham Woodhouse In 1826, the townships of Rainham and Walpole were moved to Haldimand County in Niagara District because of their distance from the London courthouse. The community that is now Simcoe was first settled when Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe gave land to Aaron Culver in 1795 on the agreement that he would build mills. After they were in operation, a hamlet formed by 1812, although it was burned down by American troops in 1814. Between 1819 and 1823 Culver laid out a village; streets were surveyed in 1835 to 1836 or 1837. The settlement initially consisted of two distinct areas, Birdtown, named by William Bird who arrived in the early 1800s and the Queensway which grew up around Culver's sawmill and grist mill in the 1820s. The post office opened in 1829 and was called Simcoe.
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The County had an important role during the War of 1812. Fort Norfolk was built in Charlotteville (near Vittoria and Normandale) in 1813 with accommodation for 300 troops. The Battle of Nanticoke, against American troops, was an important event in 1813. In August 1812, Major General Isaac Brock gathered a force of about regulars and militia at Port Dover. Using boats on the lake, they reached Amherstburg (also in Upper Canada) and then attacked and captured the American Hull's Army at Detroit. The Americans forces later burned Port Dover. The Americans forces also burnt Port Dover, Port Ryerse and the Walsingham settlement in 1814. In 1837, Norfolk County was separated from the London District to form Talbot District, and Simcoe was declared to be the district town. At the beginning of 1850, the district was abolished, being replaced by Norfolk County for municipal purposes.
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Because the county was heavily forested, logging became a major industry between 1860 and 1880. Agriculture was even more important however, with wheat being the primary crop until 1880 and then corn and oats. The South Norfolk Railway was started in the county and began operating in 1889. Even earlier, the Hamilton & Lake Erie Railway (H&LER) began operating in 1873 but was merged with the Hamilton & Northwestern Railway which completed the final section to Port Dover and to Jarvis in the mid 1870s. Historic townships Townships of Norfolk County in 1798: Charlotteville Houghton Middleton Rainham Townsend Walpole Walsingham Windham Woodhouse In 1826, the townships of Rainham and Walpole were moved to Haldimand County in Niagara District because of their distance from the London courthouse. Walsingham was originally one township, but had been split into North and South Walsingham in 1881.
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Prior to its amalgamation with Haldimand in 1974, Norfolk consisted of eight townships. Although no longer political entities, they are still geographic townships that figure in the legal description of lands for surveying purposes, and their areas are still shown on maps for convenience. 20th Century By the early 1900s, orchards and canning crops were more typical. A major switch to tobacco began in 1920.
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By the 1920s tourism was an important contributor to the economy. Summer resorts in Port Dover, Port Ryerse, Normandale, Fisher's Glen, Turkey Point and Port Rowan were attracting many summer visitors. However, Norfolk was primarily agricultural with fruit and vegetables the primary crops. On report from 1924 states that "Norfolk apples have become pre-eminent in two hemispheres"; thousands of barrels of apples were shipped each year and canning was also a major industry, with companies such as Dominion Canners and St. Williams Fruit Preservers. There were a few factories too, in Port Dover and Waterford, while Port Dover was a major fishing centre, with fish shipped not only within Canada but also to the U.S. A report from 1924 also discusses an electric railway that had been introduced "in recent years". This was the Grand River Railway that connected Hespeler, Berlin (later called Kitchener) and Waterloo with connection to Brantford and Port Dover:
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Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk The two counties remained separate until 1974, when they were merged as the Regional Municipality of Haldimand–Norfolk on the advice of a report by Milt Farrow, a "special advisor" appointed by the Government of Ontario. This political unit existed from 1974 to 2000. Under this arrangement the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk consisted of the upper-tier regional government and the lower-tier Towns of Haldimand, Dunnville and Simcoe, and the townships of Delhi, Norfolk and the City of Nanticoke. The last regional chairperson in Haldimand-Norfolk was John Harrison.
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On January 1, 2001, the regional municipality was dissolved and two single-tier municipalities, the Town of Haldimand and the Town of Norfolk, were formed. These municipalities immediately changed their official names to Haldimand County and Norfolk County—and special advisor Milt Farrow later said in published interviews that he should have recommended those names. Since they no longer have townships or other municipal subdivisions below them, both municipalities are not true "county" governments in the traditional sense; they are legally classified as cities. The Communities in Norfolk County, Ontario are quite small for the most part.
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Norfolk County re-emerges The Townships of Delhi and Norfolk, the Town of Simcoe, and the western half of the City of Nanticoke were amalgamated to form the "Town of Norfolk". Moreover, many smaller communities such as Port Dover and Port Rowan are now in "Norfolk County". The newly formed municipality's first by-law was to change the name to Norfolk County. In January 2005, the county unveiled a new coat of arms which included natural symbols associated with the county: hooded warblers, a tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) and an eastern dogwood flower. The first mayor of the county, Rita Kalmbach, was succeeded in 2007 by Dennis Travale, who served two terms as mayor. Charlie Luke succeeded him and served one term as mayor. Kristal Chopp was elected in 2018 and is currently the Mayor. A transit system was introduced in Norfolk County in 2010.
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Knowledgepool Collective Intelligence Corp. has invested in Norfolk County bringing technology and innovation companies such as a Data Center, a Electric Vehicle Charging Manufacturer, and Internet of Things development companies to Norfolk. Which is reviving the area with influx of new investment and advancing the County as a new Agri-Tech hub for the region. Climate Communities Norfolk County's main town is Simcoe, which hosts city council and generally serves as the administrative center. Port Dover, Delhi and Waterford are the other population centers in Norfolk County. Langton and Port Rowan are the largest communities in the western side of the county. As the population is mainly rural, smaller communities generally predominate along highway intersections.
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Tourism and attractions
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Norfolk County's primary tourist attractions are the ports, towns and villages along Lake Erie, which the municipality promotes as "Ontario's South Coast". These towns include Port Dover, Turkey Point and Long Point. Fishing is another key attraction for tourist, as well as birding, hiking, camping and cycling. Main festivals include the Norfolk County Fair & Horse Show (October), Waterford Pumpkin Festival (October), the Friday the 13th motorcycle rally at Port Dover, and Simcoe Christmas Panorama (December). Agri-tourism is another expanding attraction for tourists coming to Norfolk County, with a few wineries in development and numerous farmgate retailers. Wilsonville’s Whistling Gardens, in the northeast Norfolk County, is Ontario’s newest publicly accessible botanical garden and one of the few that are privately run in Canada. In 2014, it was named one of Norfolk’s Top 10 Amazing Places on a social mapping tool created by Ontario’s UNESCO Biosphere Reserves.
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Culture The Norfolk County Public Library has branches in Delhi, Port Dover, Port Rowan, Simcoe and Waterford. The Simcoe branch, an Ontario Historic Site, was created in 1884 on Peel Street after a mechanics' institute was closed and its property donated for the creation of a free public library. The original building was used until 1912, when it was replaced with a new library building constructed as one of the Carnegie libraries. The Lighthouse Festival Theatre Company has produced live theatre at Port Dover's old town hall (under the clock tower) since 1981. The Theatre is open year-round and provides a variety of events, including concerts, public meetings, community fund raisers, dance recitals, workshops, band rehearsals and classes. Annually, more than 36000 people now attend events at Lighthouse Theatre.
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Waterford's Old Town Hall is home to many local theatre productions. This restored historic building, built in 1902, includes an auditorium with stage, seating for 180, and provides cultural diversity to the community in its capacity as a venue for musical, artistic and theatrical productions, a meeting hall and rental facility. More recently, the South Coast Jazz festival has attracted thousands of visitors to the region, featuring since its 2014 inception such artists as Holly Cole, David Sanborn, Oakland Stroke, and Toronto's Shuffle Demons. Museums
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Port Dover Harbour Museum The Port Dover Harbour Museum, housed in an original fisherman's net shanty, commemorates Port Dover's fishing industry. The galleries present exhibits on the days of commercial sail as well as Lake Erie shipwrecks, ship building, Long Point, the War of 1812 and other aspects of lakeside life in this community. The museum is also active in the preservation and presentation of local folklore and living traditions, particularly in the areas of fishing and lakeside history. Since 2002, the museum has been the home to a collection of artifacts from the 1852 wreck of the steamer Atlantic. One notable exhibit commemorated the bicentennial of the burning of Dover Mills, a hamlet burned to the ground by American soldiers in 1814. The Town of Port Dover was later established when the harbour at the mouth of the Lynn River was dredged.
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Waterford Heritage & Agricultural Museum The Waterford Heritage & Agricultural Museum is located in Waterford's best known industrial landmarks "The Pickle Factory". The museum exhibits the social, industrial, and agricultural history of the area through the use of interactive and engaging exhibits.
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Norfolk County Archives at Eva Brook Donly Museum
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The Eva Brook Donly Museum is a Victorian-period historic house museum that has been featuring displays of local history since it first opened in 1946. Located in downtown Simcoe and operated by Norfolk County, the museum is renowned for its collections of artwork by the late William Edgar Cantelon and Eva Brook Donly. Here, you can see Dr. Troyer's infamous witch trap, Abigail Becker's gold medal presented to her for having rescued stranded sailors in 1854, an original Van Norman stove and much more. The museum also has an extensive archival collection of local genealogical historical material, including photographs, diaries, wills, legal papers, obituaries, maps and more. The archival collection is now apart of Norfolk County Archives. Norfolk County established their municipal archives there in 2018 and the collection has grown to include the corporate records for the County, including Council meeting minutes, by-laws, assessment rolls, vital statistics and other County
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administrative records.
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Teeterville Pioneer Museum The Teeterville Pioneer Museum is a museum devoted to pioneer life in the 19th century. It includes antique farm equipment as well as home and garden tools. Delhi Tobacco Museum and Heritage Centre The Delhi Tobacco Museum and Heritage Centre displays the agricultural and cultural history of the former township. Despite a province-wide smoking ban, the museum still guarantees its patrons the benefits of viewing the artistry and science of tobacco farming during the Golden Years of growing tobacco. It is located near Quances Dam. There is also a park nearby that is enjoyed by the local residents for picnics, barbecues, and for walking around with. It is closed on Sundays and major holidays. Backus Mill Heritage and Conservation Centre The Backus Mill Heritage and Conservation Centre, an open-air museum featuring a historic grist mill and a nature center, is a National Historic Site.
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Norfolk Arts Centre at Lynnwood National Historic Site Housed in the Lynnwood National Historic Site, the Norfolk Arts Centre is Norfolk County’s public art gallery. The Norfolk Arts Centre has regularly changing exhibits featuring local and regional artists, diverse arts programs and special events. Festivities Port Dover is the location of a biker rally which takes place every Friday the 13th. Simcoe is well-known for annual community events including the Lynn River Music and Arts Festival, as well as the Simcoe Panorama. Port Rowan also hosts an annual Bayfest.
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The Norfolk County Fairgrounds are home to the Norfolk Wildlife and Adventure Show, Eat & Drink Norfolk and the Norfolk County Fair and Horse Show, Canada's largest County Fair, that is held every Thanksgiving weekend in October. In addition to traditional agricultural and arts competitions, it features major grandstand shows that include Demo Derbys, Monster Trucks, Tractor Pulls and sold out concerts with artists Big n Rich, Barenaked Ladies, Burton Cummings, Dallas Smith and Carly Rae Jepsen.
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Every October, Waterford hosts a Pumpkin Festival close to the end of the month. The Waterford Lions and Lioness clubs have been organizing the event since 2009. Due to low funding, the fireworks are no longer an event at the Waterford Pumpkin Festival. The usual features of the Pumpkin Festival are a pyramid of 1500 pumpkins, decorated buildings, craft shows, an automobile show, a carnival, live entertainment, and the locally famous Pumpkinbowl football game at Waterford District High School.
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The Donnybrook Fair in Walsh is an annual two-day event. The fair has been held every year from 1857 until the present, making 2007 the 150th Fair. This mid-September event involves the children of Walsh Public School and St. Michael's School entering projects and many agricultural commodities, grown locally, for prize money and ribbons. More than $1200 was paid to the elementary children in 2006. The fair has grown every year with the help of many volunteers. Fundraising events are held all year to finance the fair. These events include an annual barbecue dance, a Victoria Day brunch, food booths at every "Friday the 13th" event in Port Dover, and numerous raffles. The most popular event at each fair is the demolition derby. These were sponsored for a long time by the Horsepower Unlimited Car Club from Simcoe but are now sponsored by the Vittoria & St. Williams Fire Department Auxiliaries. 2007 was considered to be the 34th consecutive year of the demolition derbies.
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Throughout the year, the fairgrounds and the Community Centre Hall are frequently used for weddings, funerals, and buck and doe events. The name "Donnybrook Fair" comes from an early settler of Walsh, who said the fair reminded him of an annual horse fair in Donnybrook, Dublin, Ireland.
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Gentlemen of the Road In August 2013, Mumford & Sons hosted a 4-day stopover of their travelling music festival, called Gentlemen of the Road, in Norfolk County. It took place in the Norfolk County Fairgrounds, and was called the Gentlemen of the Road Simcoe Stopover. 35,000 festival-goers attended the festival, as well as many out-of-town resources for the event production. The aim of this tour was to be an economic stimulus for small towns in various parts of the world, where their festival stopovers occurred. The band encouraged festival goers to spend their money locally at each stopover. Simcoe and Norfolk were no different, where the tour was estimated to attract as much as $10 million in tourism revenues.
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Boating Norfolk County is also known for its attraction to boaters and fishers. The small village in Norfolk County, Turkey Point, is known for having the largest freshwater marina in Canada, MacDonald Turkey Point Marina. All summer long, thousands travel from Turkey Point to Pottahawk Point to party. A thriving boating scene can be found in Port Rowan; where alcoholic beverages can frequently be found on the docks and consumed by boaters over the age of majority. They must be purchased inland either through a local bar or through the government-owned beer store. Sports The Norfolk HERicanes ices house league teams in the Greater Hamilton Girls Hockey League and has its rep teams playing in the Lower Lakes Female Hockey League. The HERicanes play out of Talbot Gardens and Simcoe Rec Centre in Simcoe, Port Dover Arena, Waterford Arena and Delhi Arena.
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Norfolk has three Junior C level hockey teams. The Port Dover Sailors and Delhi Travellers play in the Provincial Junior Hockey League. While the Simcoe Shamrocks once played in Norfolk County, they moved to Hespeler in 2018 because of arena issues. The Norfolk Vikings Junior A team play in the independent GMHL, playing at Talbot Gardens in Simcoe. The Norfolk Harvesters RFC of the Niagara Rugby Union are a rugby football club that operates men's, women's, u18 boys' and u18 girls' rugby teams. The Club was established in 2001 and has won division championships in 2003, 2004, 2007, 2014, and a four-year run of championships in the "B" Division from 2015-2018. The club's current home is the rugby pitch at Waterford's Hellyer Memorial Park. Players and coaches have gone on to represent the Niagara Rugby Union, Rugby Ontario, and at the national level with Rugby Canada. Education
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Public schools in Norfolk County are administered by the Grand Erie District School Board. The board maintains 16 public elementary schools and five public high schools in Norfolk: Boston Public School Courtland Public School Delhi Public School Doverwood Public School Elgin Avenue Public School Houghton Public School Langton Public School Lynndale Heights Public School Port Rowan Public School Teeterville Public School Walsh Public School Waterford Public School West Lynn Public School Windham Central Public School Simcoe Composite School Delhi District Secondary School Port Dover Composite School Valley Heights Secondary School Waterford District High School
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Separate schools Separate schools are administered by the Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board, which maintains seven elementary schools and one high school. Our Lady of Fatima Catholic School Sacred Heart Catholic Schoollocated on Albert St in Langton St. Mary's catholic school St. Cecilia's Catholic School St. Frances Cabrini Catholic School St. Joseph's Catholic School St. Michael's Catholic School Holy Trinity Catholic High School The Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board also administers the on-site secondary school of the Sprucedale Youth Centre, a secure detention facility for young offenders.
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There is also a separate school administered by the Conseil scolaire catholique Mon Avenir École Élémentaire Catholique Sainte-Marie in the former building of the St. Mary's Catholic Elementary School and Laval 65, the predecessor to the school. Conseil scolaire catholique de district centre sud's board name was changed to Conseil scolaire catholique Mon Avenir on May 10, 2017. Defunct These eleven elementary schools once taught residents of Norfolk County. Many of these school closed down between the 1950s to the early 2000s as a result of changing municipal and provincial policies towards the funding of education:
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Doan's Hollow Public School Lynedoch Public School North Public School Nixon Public School Port Dover Public School Port Ryerse School Simcoe Lions School South Public School St. Williams Public School Walsingham Public School Forestville Public School Vittoria Public School Potash Public School Pine Grove School, S.S.#5, Charlotteville Tisdale School S.S.#12, Charlotteville Normandale School, S.S.#4, Charlotteville Our Lady of LaSalette Catholic School Windham Senior Public School Media Featuring Norfolk In 2004 the documentary film Tobacco's Last Stand was released which highlighted the effect on tobacco production on the region. Radio Simcoe has its own radio station, CHCD-FM. The area is otherwise served by media in Erie (Pennsylvania), Cleveland (Ohio), Buffalo (New York), and some radio stations from Toronto are also often receivable. Newspapers Delhi News Record (Norfolk and Tillsonburg News) Port Dover Maple Leaf Port Rowan Good News Simcoe Reformer
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Notable people Jacob R. Beamer, Patriot Shane Bergman, Canadian football player Rob Blake, NHL hockey player, former team captain, Olympic Gold Medalist, Stanley Cup Champion, Hockey Hall of Fame inductee Annaleise Carr, swimmer Jassen Cullimore, NHL hockey player, Stanley Cup Champion Rick Danko, musician from The Band Terry Danko, musician Nelson Emerson, NHL hockey player Red Kelly, Hockey Hall of Fame inductee Joey Muha, drummer/musician Jack Roxburgh, politician and president of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association Dwayne Roloson, NHL hockey player Rick Wamsley, NHL hockey player William Legh Walsh Demographics The population in 2016 was 64,044; and has been projected to reach 87,488 people by the year 2056. According to Statistics Canada 2016 census: Median income of persons of age 15 or older: 32,301 Average earnings of all persons with earnings: 40,045 Racial Profile: 95.4% White 2.8% Aboriginal 0.9% Black 0.9% Asian See also List of townships in Ontario
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References Bibliography Lore and Legends of Long Point, Harry B. Barrett, Burns and MacEachearn 1977, Long Point: Last Port of Call, David Stone, Boston Mills Press, 1988, Waters of Repose, Dave Stone and David Frew, Erie County Historical Society 1993, External links Cities in Ontario Former counties in Ontario Single-tier municipalities in Ontario Populated places disestablished in 2000 Southwestern Ontario
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Wookey Hole Caves () are a series of limestone caverns, a show cave and tourist attraction in the village of Wookey Hole on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills near Wells in Somerset, England. The River Axe flows through the cave. It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) for both biological and geological reasons. Wookey Hole cave is a "solutional cave", one that is formed by a process of weathering in which the natural acid in groundwater dissolves the rocks. Some water originates as rain that flows into streams on impervious rocks on the plateau before sinking at the limestone boundary into cave systems such as Swildon's Hole, Eastwater Cavern and St Cuthbert's Swallet; the rest is rain that percolates directly through the limestone. The temperature in the caves is a constant .
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The caves have been used by humans for around 45,000 years, demonstrated by the discovery of tools from the Palaeolithic period, along with fossilised animal remains. Evidence of Stone and Iron Age occupation continued into Roman Britain. A corn-grinding mill operated on the resurgent waters of the River Axe as early as the Domesday survey of 1086. The waters of the river are used in a handmade paper mill, the oldest extant in Britain, which began operations circa 1610. The low, constant temperature of the caves means that they can be used for maturing Cheddar cheese.
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The caves were the site of the first cave dives in Britain, undertaken by Jack Sheppard and Graham Balcombe in the 1930s. Since then, divers have explored the extensive network of chambers developing breathing apparatus and novel techniques in the process. The full extent of the cave system is still unknown with approximately , including 25 chambers, having been explored. Part of the cave system opened as a show cave in 1927 following exploratory work by Herbert E. Balch. As a tourist attraction it has been owned by Madame Tussauds and, most recently, the circus owner Gerry Cottle. The cave is notable for the Witch of Wookey Hole, a roughly human-shaped stalagmite that legend says is a witch turned to stone by a monk from Glastonbury. It has also been used as a location for film and television productions, including the Doctor Who serial Revenge of the Cybermen.
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Description The show cave consists of a dry gallery connecting three large chambers, the first of which contains the Witch of Wookey formation. There are various high-level passages leading off from these chambers, with two small exits above the tourist entrance. The River Axe is formed by the water entering the cave systems and flows through the third and first chambers, from which it flows to the resurgence, through two sumps and long, where it leaves the cave and enters the open air.
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The river is maintained at an artificially high level and falls a couple of metres when a sluice is lowered to allow access to the fourth and fifth chambers, two small air spaces. Normally, however, these are only accessible by cave diving. Beyond the fifth chamber a roomy submerged route may be followed for a further , passing under three large rifts with air spaces, to surface in the ninth chamber – a roomy chamber over long and the same high. High-level passages here lead to a former resurgence, now blocked, some above the current resurgence. An artificial tunnel leading off from the third chamber allows show cave visitors to cross the seventh and eighth chambers on bridges, and skirt around the ninth chamber on a walkway, before exiting near the resurgence. A second excavated tunnel from the ninth chamber allows visitors to visit the 20th chamber.
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From the ninth chamber, a dive of about passes almost immediately from the Dolomitic Conglomerate into the limestone, and descends steadily for to a depth of under a couple of high rifts with airbells (enclosed air spaces between water and roof) before reaching air space in the 19th chamber. The 20th chamber is at the top of a large boulder slope – long, wide, and high. From here a roomy passage some long ascends towards a now-blocked fossil resurgence in the Ebbor Gorge. The total length of passages in this area is about . A passage near the end connects with Chamber 24 near Sting Corner.