chunk_id
stringlengths 5
8
| chunk
stringlengths 1
1k
|
|---|---|
1319_87 | On 18 April 2019, Anadolu Agency wrote that after some foreign media claimed that Turkish fighter jets harassed the helicopter which was carrying the Greek army general during its travel to Kastelorizo, the Turkish army dismissed the claims saying that there was no approach that posed a danger to the Greek helicopter, adding that the aircraft belonging to the Turkish Air Forces were on regular duty in the Aegean.
In March 2020, Greece summoned Turkey's ambassador to lodge a complaint after the Greek coastguard said one of its vessels had been rammed deliberately by a Turkish coastguard boat. |
1319_88 | On 3 May 2020, Greek officials said that two Turkish fighters harassed the helicopter which was transferring the Greek Defense Minister and the Greek Chief of the National Defense General Staff, after the helicopter took off from the island of Oinousses. In response 2 Mirage 2000s were sent to intercept the Turkish F-16s which was caught on video and released by the Hellenic air force. The Greek Ministry of Defense provided photos of the incident showing the Turkish aircraft. |
1319_89 | European Union
After 1996, Greek Foreign Minister, and later Prime Minister, George Papandreou charted a major change of direction in Greek–Turkish relations. He lifted Greece's objections to Turkey's EU aspirations and energetically supported Turkey's bid for EU candidate status.
A 2005 opinion poll showed that only 25% of the Greek public believed Turkey has a place in the European Union.
In September 2017, Greek Prime Minister, Alexis Tsipras, mentioned that halting accession talks with Turkey would be a strategic mistake by the European Union, amid a war of words raging between Germany and Turkey. Also, former Greek Prime Minister, George Papandreou, has urged European Union leaders to keep the doors open to Turkey and to continue dialogue with the Turkish government, in an apparent reference to German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s calls for the suspension of accession talks with Turkey.
Operation Irini |
1319_90 | On 10 June 2020, a Greek frigate under the command of the European Union's Operation Irini attempted to inspect the Tanzanian-flagged cargo vessel Çirkin which was suspected of carrying arms to Libya, but was ordered to retreat after warnings from Turkish frigates accompanying the cargo vessel. Later, Turkish navy also stopped a French warship from the NATO Operation Sea Guardian from inspecting the vessel.
On 21 September 2020, the EU sanctioned the Turkish maritime company Avrasya Shipping which operates the Çirkin freighter, because the vessel found to have violated the arms embargo in Libya in May and June 2020. |
1319_91 | On 22 November 2020, the German frigate Hamburg intercepted a Turkish freighter near Libya and soldiers from the frigate boarded the Turkish ship in order to search it, but had to abandon checks and withdraw after Turkey protested. Turkish President Erdoğan accused Greece for “provocations” because the man in charge of the operation during that incident was a Greek official. European Union in an official statement said that the inspection followed the internationally agreed procedures, including NATO procedures and that the Irini operation is in accordance with the UN Security Council Resolutions 2292 (2016) and 2526 (2020) and that the UN Security Council Resolution 2292 (2016) calls upon all flag States to cooperate with inspections. These resolutions are binding for all UN Member States, including the Turkey. |
1319_92 | RV MTA Oruç Reis
In mid-August 2020, tensions between the two countries have risen after Turkey sent a survey vessel RV MTA Oruç Reis to the region, escorted by warships, to map out sea territory for possible oil and gas drilling in an area where Turkey and Greece both claim jurisdiction. On 25 August 2020, it was reported that Greece and Turkey are planning rival naval exercises off Crete amid an escalating row over energy claims in the region. Greek media have reported that purchases consisting of French-made Rafale fighter jets and at least one French frigate will be made.
Sanctions
In September 2020, RV MTA Oruç Reis returned toward shore to ease tensions. However, the EU decided to impose sanctions on Turkey in December 2020, over its gas drilling activities and foreign policy in general.
Turkey-Libya agreement over sea boundaries |
1319_93 | On November 27, 2019, Turkey and Libya signed a deal. The agreement, unveiled on December 5, maps out a sea boundary between the two countries, cutting across a part that is also claimed by Greece. Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias called the Turkey-Libyan accord a "blatant violation of international law". Greek authorities were taken by surprise by the accord, after Libyan officials assured them the deal would not be signed off. Greece on December 6 expelled the Libyan ambassador. Mitsotakis told the Greek parliament “They are oblivious to history and geography as they do not take Greek islands into account,” adding that Ankara's move is forcing them into “unprecedented diplomatic isolation”. Turkey condemned Greece's decision to expel the Libyan ambassador. |
1319_94 | In December, Greece sent two letters to the United Nations explaining its objections and asking for the matter to be taken up by the U.N. Security Council, while Turkey notified the United Nations of its delimitation of the maritime jurisdiction areas with Libya. The United Nations remained neutral and urged Greece and Turkey to maintain a dialogue. The head of the Tobruk parliament (Libya's eastern-based parliament) expressed his disagreement over the agreement during a visit to Greece. Greece followed by establishing a legal maritime accord with Egypt, while maintaining its legal right to implement a 12-mile maritime by law that is currently only 6.
On March 16, 2021, Greece and Turkey agreed to resume the talks to reach an agreement on maritime boundaries and held the talks in Athens. |
1319_95 | Illegal immigration |
1319_96 | Turkey is a transit point for illegal immigrants trying to reach Europe (as well as being a destination itself; see Immigration to Turkey for details). As a result of bilateral negotiations, a readmission agreement was signed between Turkey and Greece in November 2001 and went into effect in April 2002. For third-country nationals, this protocol gives the parties 14 days to inform each other of the number of persons to be returned after the date of illegal entry. For nationals of the two countries the authorities can make use of simplified procedures. But the strict application of the agreement is reported to have retrograded as of 2003. Incidents concerning illegal immigration are frequent on the border of the two countries. Turkey, which is a transit point for illegal immigrants trying to reach Europe, has been accused of not being able to secure its borders with Greece. Since 1996 40 illegal immigrants have been killed by mines, after entering Greek territory in Evros. In 2001, |
1319_97 | about 800 illegal immigrants were rescued by the Greek coast guard after a fire broke out on board the Turkish-flagged Brelner, believed to have set sail from the Turkish port of İzmir, probably en route to Italy. According to Greek sources the Turkish authorities are tolerant of smugglers trafficking illegal immigrants into Greece; a notable such incident is the one of a trafficking boat, filmed on September 14, 2009, by the Latvian helicopter crew of Frontex patrolling near Farmakonisi island, during which "it is clear that the Turkish coastguard, at best, does not prevent the "slavetrade" vessels to sail from its shores. At worst, it accompanies them into Greek territorial waters". The human trafficking into Greece through the Aegean Sea has been a documented, widespread phenomenon while "the failure, reported by Frontex, of Turkish officials to stop suspicious vessels as they leave, ensure that a steady stream of migrants reaches Lesbos and other islands in the Aegean". |
1319_98 | On July, 2016, after the failed Turkish coup d'état attempt Greek authorities on a number of Aegean islands have called for emergency measures to curtail a growing flow of refugees from Turkey, the number of migrants and refugees willing to make the journey across the Aegean has increased noticeably after the failed coup. At Athens officials voiced worries because Turkish monitors overseeing the deal in Greece had been abruptly pulled out after the failed coup without being replaced. The Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises (SETE) warned about the prospect of another flare-up in the refugee/migrant crisis due to the Turkish political instability.
In June 2018, Turkey suspended its bilateral migrant readmission deal with Greece in response to the decision by the Greeks to release the eight Turkish soldiers who fled to Greece after the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt.
NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg has called for “restraint and calm” after Turkey's decision. |
1319_99 | In August 2019, about 650 people reached Lesbos from the Turkish coast in one day. It was the first mass arrival from Turkey since the 2016 EU-Turkey deal on migrant crisis. The Greek Foreign Minister summoned the Turkish ambassador to "express Greece’s deep discontent". The Turkish ambassador said that Ankara was "committed" to the deal and that its policy had not changed after being asked how so many were managing to make it Greek shores. In the first two weeks of August 2019, 1,929 people arrived on Lesbos from Turkey, compared with 479 in the same period last year. Due to high influx of immigrants from Turkey into Greece in 2019, the Greek Minister for Civil Protection Michalis Chrysochoidis warned that a new migrant crisis, like the previous one, will repeat if the situation were to continue. |
1319_100 | In March 2020, Turkish president Erdogan accused the Greek security forces of Nazi tactics against migrants at border and also of shooting dead four migrants, calling Greece to let migrants cross its territory to reach richer western European countries. Greece rejected the claims as “fake news”, adding that it has a duty to protect the EU border. Tens of thousands of migrants were trying to get into Greece since Turkey said in February 2019 it would no longer keep them on its territory.
Disaster diplomacy |
1319_101 | Relations between Greece and neighbouring Turkey improved after successive earthquakes hit both countries in the summer of 1999. The so-called "earthquake diplomacy" generated an outpouring of sympathy and generous assistance provided by ordinary Greeks and Turks in both cases. These acts were encouraged from the top and took many foreigners by surprise, preparing the public for a breakthrough in bilateral relations, which had been marred by decades of hostility over anti-Greek pogroms, territorial disputes and the situation in the divided island of Cyprus. |
1319_102 | Ten years later, Greece has become one of the key supporters of Turkey's struggle to enter the European Union. Yet, despite this support in Greece and Cyprus, which voted for Turkey in order to begin its entry negotiations with the European Union in October 2005, many key issues remain unresolved. Furthermore, Turkey still denies access to Cypriot vessels to its territory, an obligation towards the EU with a 2006 deadline. The Turkish government counters that this restriction regarding Cypriot vessels was taken after the trade embargo decision against the portion of Cyprus illegally occupied by Turkey. The issue remains deadlocked, despite UN and EU attempts to mediate. Other unfulfilled obligations include Christian minority rights, acknowledgement of the Eastern Orthodox Church of Constantinople and the role of the Ecumenical Patriarch. |
1319_103 | In 2002, Turkey and Greece made an unsuccessful attempt to jointly host the 2008 UEFA European Football Championship. The bid was one of the four candidacies that was recommended to the UEFA Executive Committee, the joint Austria/Switzerland bid winning the right to host the tournament.
A sign of improved relations was visible in the response to a mid-air collision by Greek and Turkish fighter jets in the southern Aegean in May 2006. While the Turkish pilot ejected safely, the Greek pilot lost his life. However, both countries agreed that the event should not affect their bilateral relations and made a strong effort to maintain them by agreeing to a set of confidence-building measures in the aftermath of the accident.
In August 2021, Turkish president thanked several countries and organisations, including Greece, for support during the 2021 Turkish wildfires. Later, during the 2021 Greece wildfires, Turkey sent two firefighting aircraft to assist.
Timeline
Sports relations |
1319_104 | The Greece–Turkey football rivalry is one of Europe's major rivalries between two national teams.
Çağla Büyükakçay-Maria Sakkari tennis duo of Turkey and Greece1 respectively won the ITF Circuit finals in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on 14 November 2015 by beating İpek Soylu and Elise Mertens.
See also
History of Greece
History of Turkey
History of Cyprus
Hellenoturkism
Foreign relations of Greece, Turkey, Cyprus and Northern Cyprus
European Union–Turkey relations
Greece–Turkey border
Intermediate Region
Greeks in Turkey
Greeks in Middle East
Turks in Greece
Turks in Europe
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Turkish PM on landmark Greek trip
Greece-Turkey boundary study by Florida State University, College of Law
Greece's Shifting Position on Turkish Accession to the EU Before and After Helsinki (1999)
Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relations with Greece
Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relations with Turkey |
1319_105 | Turkey
Bilateral relations of Turkey
Relations of colonizer and former colony |
1320_0 | The Clarkson Golden Knights men's ice hockey team is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college ice hockey program that represents Clarkson University. The Golden Knights have been a member of ECAC Hockey since 1962, and play their home games at Cheel Arena in Potsdam, New York. While Clarkson lore has it that their first hockey game was played in 1916 against the Hogansburg Indians, the team was established as a hockey club in 1921, led by captain Bill Johnson. The Knights won their opening encounter against Alexandria Bay, 6–4, and finished the year with a 2–1 record, their first of many winning seasons.
History |
1320_1 | Early Years |
1320_2 | Clarkson College of Technology started its hockey team in 1921, only 25 years after the school's founding. The program played as a minor sport until the mid 1930s but routinely finished with winning records. In 1937–38 The Golden Knights completed a 13–1–1 record and were named the US Intercollegiate champions. A year later the University opened its first indoor rink, the Clarkson Arena, which would serve the college until 1991. The program took a slight downturn in the 1940s and then suspended operations for two years due to the outbreak of World War II but returned to the ice the year after the war ended. When The first college hockey tournament began in 1947 Clarkson was in the running for selection but was beaten out for the two eastern slots. Three years and one coaching change later, Clarkson College became a founding member of the first college ice hockey conference, the Tri-State League. The Golden Knights not only won the conference with a 4–1 record, but because they tied |
1320_3 | with Middlebury, they also participated in the first conference playoff game to determine the sole champion and were victorious. Unfortunately the team's 12–2–1 mark was still not good enough to receive an invitation to the NCAA tournament. The program continued to build until they produced a superb 23–0 record in 1956 with NCAA scoring champion Ed Rowe leading the way. 'Tech' finally received an NCAA invitation but it came with a caveat; because eight of their players were 4-year lettermen they would have to sit out the tournament for Clarkson to participate. Because of this the team voted to pass on the invitation. The Golden Knights wouldn't have to wait long for their first tournament appearance, however, as they were invited the following year and finished in third place. After a second consecutive third-place head coach Bill Harrison resigned and turned the team over to Len Ceglarski. The first few years under Ceglarski saw the team's record dip slightly but stating in his third |
1320_4 | season the Golden Knights became a constant power in college hockey. |
1320_5 | ECAC Powerhouse |
1320_6 | Clarkson was one of 28 founding members of the ECAC in 1961 and finished in second place both in the conference and the ECAC tournament. Clarkson was invited to the NCAA tournament, boasting the top offense in the nation and used its firepower to down Michigan in the semifinal but couldn't repeat the performance in the title match and fell to Michigan Tech 1–7. Clarkson made the tournament the following year but finished with its third #3 finish. In 1966 Clarkson posted a superb season, winning the ICAC and ECAC crowns before taking its first ECAC Tournament. In the tournament Clarkson faced relatively weak opponents (the 4th- and 6th-place teams from the WCHA) and though they managed to win their semifinal matchup, they couldn't take advantage in the title tilt and fell to Michigan State 1–6. Tech continued to play well over the next few years but would not return to the NCAA tournament until 1970. After defeating the top western team in the semifinal, Clarkson faced off against the |
1320_7 | undefeated Cornell Big Red and fought tooth and nail for their first championship. The game was tied after both the first and second period with the Golden Knights having taken the lead twice on the strength of Bruce Bullock's goaltending but a natural hat trick by Cornell's Dan Lodboa in the third frame put the game out of reach and Clarkson had to settle for runner-up for the third time. The following year Clarkson finished in second place for both the ECAC and their conference tournament but received a slap in the face from the selection committee when they were passed over for Boston University as the second eastern team. To add insult to injury, the Terriers went on to claim the championship that year. A year later Len Ceglarski would leave the program to take over at his alma mater Boston College, having led Clarkson to 12 consecutive seasons of at least a .600 winning percentage. |
1320_8 | Intermittent Success |
1320_9 | Jerry York, another BC grad, would take over in 1973 and, as it had under Ceglarski, the program's record slumped. It took four years for Tech to climb back to its lofty perch and in 1977 it did just that with future NHL all-star Dave Taylor leading the way. Clarkson finished with the best record in the ECAC and went into the postseason as one of the favorites for the national championship. Unfortunately the team hit a roadblock in the semifinal, losing to Boston University 6–7 and finished the ECAC tournament in 4th place. Once Taylor left the program dipped but still performed well. However, in 1979 York left for greener pastures, turning the team over to Clarkson alumnus Bill O'Flaherty. In O'Flaherty's six seasons behind the bench the Golden Knights never finished with a record below .600 and captured two ECAC titles. Though Tech wouldn't win any of those ECAC tournaments, the expanded NCAA tournament allowed Clarkson to earn three at-large bids into the national tournament. The |
1320_10 | Golden Knights record in the NCAA tournament was disappointing, going 1–4–1 in three tries and losing in the first round each time. O'Flaherty would turn the team over to former NHL-er Cap Raeder in 1985 and the new coach would shepherd the team well over three seasons but it wasn't until Mark Morris took the reigns in 1988 that the program would return to prominence once more. |
1320_11 | 90's Resurgence |
1320_12 | Though Clarkson hadn't had a losing season since 1975 when Morris took over, the team had an air of underachieving about it especially when it came to postseason results. Tech proceeded to produce steadily increasing results in Morris' first three seasons, culminating with a program-record 29-win season in 1991 that also saw the Golden Knights win their first ECAC tournament since 1966. Despite the top finish Clarkson received no respect from the selection committee and was seeded 4th in the eastern bracket despite having a better record than the 2nd- and 3rd-seeded schools. Clarkson pushed past the slight and defeated defending champion Wisconsin in the first round series. In the Quarterfinals Tech took on the top western seed, Lake Superior State, and triumphed in the series 2 games to 1. The Golden Knights reached the frozen four for the first time in 21 years but the magic wore off once they did and they fell to BU 3–7. Clarkson's performance in the 1991 tournament gave them |
1320_13 | enough credibility to earn an NCAA bid despite flaming out in the ECAC tournament the following year. Similar to what they had done under Ceglarski, Clarkson never had a sub-.600 record during the entire decade, winning four ECAC titles, three conference tournaments and making the NCAA tournament nine out of ten seasons. Despite the success the Golden Knights wilted once they entered the national tournament. Aside from their semifinal run in 1991 Clarkson won only one game in eight other appearances. |
1320_14 | Firing and Decline |
1320_15 | Tech's record slipped with the dawn of a new millennium but Morris' teams still produced winning records. Clarkson was expected to continue this trend for years to come but in November 2002 Morris was suspended following an altercation with one of his players after a team practice. After a 10-day inquiry Morris was dismissed from the team and his assistant Fred Parker took over in the interim. The team played flat most of the rest of the season, posting the program's first losing record in almost 30 years and their worst winning percentage in over 40 seasons. Parker was replaced by George Roll they following year and after a slow start, the Golden Knights recovered and finished as runner-ups in the ECAC tournament. After two middling seasons Clarkson returned to its superior success with a 25-win season in 2007 where the team captured its fifth ECAC tournament title. After winning the regular season ECAC crown the next season Clarkson dropped in the standings, finishing the next three |
1320_16 | seasons with losing records and, in 2010, posting the program's worst season since before the second world war. |
1320_17 | Slow Climb Back
Roll was fired in 2011 with the program at its nadir, becoming the only full-time head coach to finish his tenure at Clarkson with a losing record. His former assistant Casey Jones was eventually selected as the replacement and a slow climb out of the cellar began. It took three seasons before Tech had another winning season and wasn't until 2018 that Clarkson made an appearance in the NCAA tournament. The Golden Knights would lose in the first round that year but with four players making the ECAC all-rookie team over the previous two seasons Clarkson was well placed to improve their standing over the next few years.
Clarkson, which became the fastest Division I college hockey program to compile 1,000 victories and one of only a few to reach that mark, has compiled a 1436–862–160 record for an all-time winning percentage of , which is among the best in the country. |
1320_18 | Clarkson has had 36 individuals earn All-American honors since 1928, including 13 who have won the honor twice. Defenseman Fred Dion and center Buzz Williams were the first Golden Knights to receive the honor in 1928–29.
The 2020–21 season was cancelled prior to the ECAC tournament due to the team violating COVID-19 protocols.
Season-by-season results
Source:
Coaching history
As of the completion of 2020–21 season
† Mark Morris was fired in November 2002.
Awards and honors
United States Hockey Hall of Fame
Source:
Len Ceglarski (1992)
NCAA
Individual awards
Spencer Penrose Award
William Harrison: 1956
Len Ceglarski: 1966
Jerry York: 1977
Bill O'Flaherty: 1981
NCAA Division I Ice Hockey Scoring Champion
Ed Rowe: 1956
Dave Taylor: 1977
All-Americans
AHCA First Team All-Americans |
1320_19 | 1955-56: Ed Rowe, F
1956-57: Ed Rowe, F
1957-58: Eddie MacDonald, G
1962-63: Pat Brophy, D; Cal Wagner, D
1963-64: Pat Brophy, D; Corby Adams, F
1964-65: Terry Yurkiewicz, G
1965-66: Terry Yurkiewicz, G
1969-70: Bruce Bullock, G
1970-71: Bruce Bullock, G; Steve Warr, D
1971-72: Steve Warr, D
1975-76: Brian Shields, G
1976-77: Brian Shields, G; Bill Blackwood, D; Dave Taylor, F
1977-78: Bill Blackwood, D
1980-81: Don Sylvestri, G; Ed Small, D; Bryan Cleaver, F
1981-82: Steve Cruickshank, F
1982-83: Colin Patterson, F
1983-84: Bob Armstrong, D; Dave Fretz, D
1984-85: Dave Fretz, D
1993-94: Brian Mueller, D; Craig Conroy, F
1994-95: Brian Mueller, D
1996-97: Matt Pagnutti, D; Todd White, F
2000-01: Kent Huskins, D
2018-19: Nico Sturm, F
AHCA Second Team All-Americans |
1320_20 | 1955-56: Art Smith, D
1956-57: Eddie MacDonald, G
1985-86: Andy Otto, D
1987-88: John Fletcher, G; Luciano Borsato, F
1994-95: Marko Tuomainen, F
1995-96: Dan Murphy, G; Todd White, F
1996-97: Dan Murphy, G
1998-99: Willie Mitchell, D; Erik Cole, F
2006-07: Nick Dodge, F
2007-08: Grant Clitsome, D
2017-18: Kelly Summers, D; Sheldon Rempal, F
2019–20: Frank Marotte, G
ECAC Hockey
Individual awards
ECAC Hockey Player of the Year
Terry Yurkiewicz: 1966
Bruce Bullock: 1971
Dave Taylor: 1977
Ed Small: 1981
Steve Cruickshank: 1982
Todd White: 1997
ECAC Hockey Rookie of the Year
Don Sylvestri: 1981
John Fletcher: 1987
Erik Cole: 1998
Willie Mitchell: 1998
Rob McFeeters: 2001
Ethan Haider: 2021
ECAC Hockey Best Defensive Forward
Buddy Wallace: 1998
Nick Dodge: 2008
Nico Sturm: 2018, 2019
Josh Dunne: 2020
Zach Tsekos: 2021
ECAC Hockey Best Defensive Defenseman
Martin d'Orsonnens: 1993
Matt Pagnutti: 1997
Kent Huskins: 2001
James de Haas: 2017 |
1320_21 | Ken Dryden Award
David Leggio: 2007
Frank Marotte: 2020
ECAC Hockey Student-Athlete of the Year
Matt Zarbo: 2013
Zach Tsekos: 2020
Tim Taylor Award
Mark Morris: 1991, 2001
ECAC Hockey Most Outstanding Player in Tournament
Terry Yurkiewicz: 1966
Bruce Bullock: 1970
Hugo Belanger: 1991
Chris Rogles: 1993
Willie Mitchell: 1999
Chris D'Alvise: 2007
All-ECAC
First Team All-ECAC Hockey |
1320_22 | 1961–62: Cal Wagner, D; Hal Pettersen, F; Corby Adams, F
1962–63: Cal Wagner, D; Pat Brophy, D; Corby Adams, F
1963–64: Corby Adams, F
1970–71: Bruce Bullock, G; Steve Warr, D
1971–72: Steve Warr, D
1975–76: Brian Shields, G
1976–77: Brian Shields, G; Dave Taylor, F
1979–80: Mike Prestidge, F
1980–81: Don Sylvestri, G; Ed Small, D; Bryan Cleaver, F
1981–82: Steve Cruickshank, F
1983–84: Bob Armstrong, F
1984–85: Dave Fretz, D
1987–88: John Fletcher, G
1988–89: Jarmo Kekäläinen, F
1990–91: Dave Tretowicz, D
1992–93: Marko Tuomainen, F
1993–94: Brian Mueller, D; Craig Conroy, F
1994–95: Brian Mueller, D; Marko Tuomainen, F
1996–97: Matt Pagnutti, D; Todd White, F
1998–99: Willie Mitchell, D; Erik Cole, F
1999–00: Kent Huskins, D
2000–01: Kent Huskins, D
2001–02: Kerry Ellis-Toddington, D
2002–03: Randy Jones, D
2006–07: David Leggio, G; Nick Dodge, F
2007–08: Grant Clitsome, D; Steve Zalewski, F
2017–18: Kelly Summers, D; Sheldon Rempal, F
2019–20: Frank Marotte, G |
1320_23 | 2020–21: Connor McCarthy, D; Zach Tsekos, F |
1320_24 | Second Team All-ECAC Hockey |
1320_25 | 1961–62: Wayne Gibbons, G; Pat Brophy, D; Roger Purdie, F
1962–63: Roger Purdie, F; Brian Wilkinson, F
1963–64: Roger Purdie, F; Brian Wilkinson, F
1964–65: Terry Yurkiewicz, G
1965–66: Terry Yurkiewicz, G; Gary Petterson, D; Tom Hurley, F
1967–68: John McLennan, F
1969–70: Wayne LaChance, D
1970–71: Jerry Kemp, F
1975–76: Bill Blackwood, D
1976–77: Bill Blackwood, D
1977–78: Bill Blackwood, D; Marty McNally, F; Kevin Zappia, F
1979–80: Ed Small, D; Steve Cruickshank, F
1980–81: Steve Cruickshank, F
1982–83: Dave Fretz, D; Colin Patterson, F
1987–88: Luciano Borsato, F
1989–90: Dave Tretowicz, D
1990–91: Chris Rogles, G
1991–92: Hugo Belanger, F
1992–93: Todd Marchant, F
1993–94: Jason Currie, G
1994–95: Patrice Robitaille, F
1995–96: Todd White, F
1996–97: Dan Murphy, G
1997–98: Willie Mitchell, D; Chris Clark, F
1999–00: Erik Cole, F
2000–01: Mike Walsh, G; Matt Poapst, F
2007–08: David Leggio, G
2016–17: James De Haas, D
2017–18: Terrance Amorosa, D |
1320_26 | 2018–19: Jake Kielly, G; Aaron Thow, D; Haralds Egle, F
2019–20: Connor McCarthy, D |
1320_27 | Third Team All-ECAC Hockey
2005–06: Nick Dodge, F
2007–08: Matt Beca, F
2011–12: Paul Karpowich, G
2015–16: James De Haas, D
2016–17: Sam Vineault, F
2017–18: Jake Kielly, G; Nico Sturm, F
2019–20: Devin Brosseau, F; Josh Dunne, F; Haralds Egle, F
ECAC Hockey All-Rookie Team
1987–88: Dave Tretowicz, D
1989–90: Hugo Belanger, F; Scott Thomas, F
1990–91: Ed Henrich, D; Craig Conroy, F
1991–92: Brian Mueller, D; Todd Marchant, F; Patrice Robitaille, F; Marko Tuomainen, F
1993–94: Adam Wiesel, D; Jean-Francois Houle, F
1994–95: Dan Murphy, G; Chris Clark, F
1995–96: Mikko Ollila, D
1997–98: Willie Mitchell, D; Erik Cole, F
1998–99: Shawn Grant, G; Kerry Ellis-Toddington, D
2000–01: Rob McFeeters, F
2001–02: Randy Jones, D
2005–06: Shea Guthrie, F
2012–13: Paul Geiger, D
2013–14: James de Haas, D
2014–15: Kyle Summers, D
2016–17: Jake Kielly, G; Sheldon Rempal, F; Nico Sturm, F
2017–18: Jack Jacome, F
2020–21: Ethan Haider, G |
1320_28 | Clarkson Athletic Hall of Fame
The following is a list of people associated with Clarkson's men's ice hockey program who were elected into the Clarkson University Athletic Hall of Fame (induction date in parenthesis).
Corby Adams (1992)
Al Graham (1992)
Paul Pilon (1992)
Ed Rowe (1992)
Dave Taylor (1992)
Pinky Ryan (1992)
Wally Easton (1995)
Ron Frazer (2004)
Dave Fretz (2004)
George MacLean (2004)
John McLennan (2004)
Bob Van Lammers (2004)
Steve Warr (2004)
Bruce Bullock (2005)
Eddie MacDonald (2005)
Colin Patterson (2005)
Jack Porter (2005)
Helen Cheel (2005)
Len Ceglarski (2007)
Terry Yurkiewicz (2007)
Bob Empie (2008)
Fred Silver (2008)
Kevin Zappia (2008)
Bill Harrison (2008)
Murray Walker (2008)
Art Smith (2010)
Bill Blackwood (2012)
Craig Conroy (2012)
Tom Hurley (2012)
Frank Rotunno (2012)
Skip Demerski (2017)
Craig Laughlin (2017)
Bill Little (2017)
Don Seale (2017)
Statistical leaders
Career points leaders
Career goaltending leaders |
1320_29 | GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; SV% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against average
Minimum 20 games
Statistics current through the start of the 2020–21 season.
Players
Olympians
This is a list of Clarkson alumni were a part of an Olympic team.
Golden Knights in the NHL
WHA
Three players were members of WHA teams.
Retired numbers
7 - Craig Conroy (1990–94)
22 - Craig Laughlin (1976–80)
24 - Dave Taylor (1974–77)
25 - Colin Patterson (1980–83)
Current roster
As of August 19, 2021.
See also
Clarkson Golden Knights women's ice hockey
References
External links
Clarkson Golden Knights men's hockey
Golden Knights Hockey Roundtable Discussion Forum
Ice hockey teams in New York (state) |
1321_0 | Thomas of Cantimpré (Latin: Thomās Cantimpratensis or Thomās Cantipratensis) (Sint-Pieters-Leeuw, 1201 – Leuven, 15 May 1272) was a Flemish Roman Catholic medieval writer, preacher, theologian and – most important – a friar belonging to the Dominican Order. He is best known for the encyclopedia on nature De natura rerum, for the moral text Bonum universale de Apibus and for his hagiographic writings.
Biography
Thomas of Cantimpré was born of noble parentage in 1201, at Sint-Pieters-Leeuw (a little city near Brussels), in the Duchy of Brabant.
In 1206 his father (returning from Palestine, where he fought next to Richard I of England) sends him to Liège: here Thomas starts mastering the difficulties of the trivium and quadrivium, studying from age 5 to age 11; in Liège he also has the chance to meet Jacques de Vitry, who was preaching in those places. |
1321_1 | In 1217, at the age of 16, he enters the Canons Regular of St. Augustine in the Abbey of Cantimpré (near Cambrai), where he then gets the priesthood. Thomas spends fifteen years in Cantimpré, being a constant source of edification for his brethren.
Later, in 1232, Thomas of Cantimpré enters the Dominican Order in Leuven (again in the Brabant), and in 1233 he is sent by the Order in Cologne, so that he can pursue the superior theological studies: here, Thomas has the opportunity to study and improve under the aegis of Albertus Magnus.
After 4 years spent in Cologne, Thomas goes to Paris, at the Dominican studium of St. James, for further scientific studies, and to prepare for his preaching mission.
In 1240, Thomas of Cantimpré is finally back in Leuven, where – thanks to his studies – he is nominated Magister of philosophy and theology, a role that he covered with great distinction. Then, in 1246, Thomas becomes sub-prior and lector at Leuven. |
1321_2 | Moved by the Dominican's distrust of studies in generale, or maybe by some sort of "conversion", Thomas dedicates the last part of his life to preaching. Thus, he undertakes missions ranging between the Brabant, Germany, Belgium and France: for his great success in this field, Thomas is also honored with the title of "General Preacher".
Thomas of Cantimpré died in Leuven, supposedly 15 May 1272.
Writings
Thomas of Cantimpré is the author of several writings of different types, all written in Latin; among his production, it's easy to distinguish a moral-encyclopedic strand and an hagiographic strand.
To the moral-encyclopedial strand belong the encyclopedic book De natura rerum, the moral text Bonum universale de apibus, discussed in detail down here. |
1321_3 | On the other hand, in the hagiographic strand we have the Vita Joannis abbatis primi monasterii Cantimpratensis, a Supplementum ad vitam Mariae Oigniacensis, and also three lives dedicated to holy women belonging to the Dioces of Liège, that are Vita S. Christinae virginis Mirabilis dictae, Vita preclare virginis Margarete de Ypris and Vita Piae Lutgardiae.
This partition does not include a Thomas' minor work – even just for its length (only 105 lines) – which is the Hymnus de beato Jordano, written in honor of the blessed Jordan of Saxony (died 1237), one of the key-people of the Dominican order.
De natura rerum |
1321_4 | De natura rerum (or Liber de natura rerum), a work of natural history, may be Thomas' most significant work, as it's both the one he dedicated more time to (almost twenty years of work, between 1225 and 1244) and the one that had the largest posthumous fortune, as witnessed by the large number of codes that contain this work, but also by the many authors that took inspiration from it.
Bonum universale de apibus
Thomas of Cantimpré is also the author of the Bonum universale de apibus, a work of moral and spiritual edification – composed between 1256/57 and 1263, but probably in 1259 – which is based on the allegory of life in a community of bees to deal with issues related to moral conduct and to the duties of superiors and subordinates. |
1321_5 | The Bonum universale de apibus is organized in 2 books: the first one () deals with the "prelates" (bishops, abbots and lords), while the second one (De subditis) deals with subordinates (both monks and laity). Each chapter presents at the beginning the exposition of a property of bees, followed by an allegorical interpretation of the same – generally of moral kind – and then by a series of exempla. While the passages on bees and allegorical interpretations are taken (as the author himself says) from 'other books', Thomas takes up the matter of each exemplum "from his own experience or from contemporary oral, religious or secular sources". Overall, the text therefore represents "a treatise on practical theology and morals". |
1321_6 | Like the De natura rerum, the Bonum universale has had a great fortune: the manuscript tradition is indeed very wide, counting even in this case more than a hundred manuscripts. There were made also several prints: a print in Deventer before 1478, then one in Paris and three more (1597, 1605, 1627) in Douai. The text has also inspired many writers during the centuries, including Johannes Nider, who took inspiration from the Bonum universale for the structure of his Formicarius (1436–1438).
To date, a modern critical edition of the work is still missing. |
1321_7 | The Bonum universale de apibus subsequently had wide resonance also because it contains (in the paragraph Cur Iudaei Christianum sanguinem effundant quotannis) the first organic theorizing of the antisemitic question known as 'Blood Accusation': the Jews were accused of ritual murders of Christians. In an attempt to understand the reason behind these purported rituals, Thomas states that since the killing of Christ the Jews suffered from bleeding, as per Pilate's statement "May his blood be on us and on our children" (Mt 27:25), thus the Jews supposedly killed Christians, and then used their blood in rituals, because, pacem Thomas, they believed that in this way they could heal themselves. In fact, they had supposedly (erroneously) interpreted to the letter the indication of one of their prophets that "only Christian blood could alleviate this sorrow", when in reality the prophecy figuratively referred to the blood of Christ (only sanguine Christiano), symbolically drunk during the |
1321_8 | Eucharist: the only good for the Jews would therefore have been conversion to the true faith. Thomas says he learned about this from an unspecified "converted Jew", probably referring to Nicholas Donin. |
1321_9 | Within the Bonum universale Thomas also mentions the blasphemous theory of the three impostors, according to which the founders of the three great religions – Moses, Muhammad and Jesus – would "subdue the world with their sects and their teachings: [...] Moses deceived the Jews, Jesus the Christians and Mohammed the Gentiles". Thomas of Cantimpré attributes this idea to the theologian Simon de Tournai (or Simon de Tornaco, as Thomas calls him), a master of theology at the University of Paris who, according to him, deserved (for having said that) an epileptic crisis that made him mute.
The hagiographic works
Thomas of Cantimpré is also the author of various hagiographic texts, for which he is considered one of the first great authors of mystical hagiography. |
1321_10 | With the exception of Vita Joannis abbatis primi monasterii Cantimpratensis – composed between 1224 and 1228 and relating to the founder and first abbot of the abbey of Cantimpré – Thomas writes mystical biographies on holy females, all linked to the Belgian territory.
His mystic hagiographies therefore represent a corpus of texts, composed roughly between 1231 and 1248, which appears as "a florilegium of lifes of the holy women living in the folds of Liège": through this set of hagiographic works, Thomas di Cantimpré offers "a mirror of the complexity and fluidity of the forms of religious life of the diocese of Liège". It is also possible to analyze in detail the individual works that make up this hagiographic file.
Supplementum ad vitam Mariae Oigniacensis
The first hagiographic work by Thomas is actually an addition, a Supplementum, to the Life of Mary of Oignies, written in 1215 by Jacques de Vitry on the figure of Marie of Oignies. |
1321_11 | Thomas writes the Supplementum ad vitam Mariae Oigniacensis around 1230 at the specific request of the community of Oignies (or rather "forced by the prior of Oignies"), who wanted to promote – thanks to the authorship of Thomas – its image.
In addition to being Thomas's first work on a holy woman, the Supplementum is also one of the first written records of life in a Beguine community. Marie of Oignies is in fact one of the most famous beguines: she belonged to those "small republics of semi-religious women [...] protected but together controlled by the ecclesiastical authorities [...] for the creativity of their religious and devotional practices". |
1321_12 | Moreover, in the story that he tells of the life of Marie, Thomas shows that he was deeply impressed by her, so much so that he considered her as a teacher. With his first hagiographic work, Thomas of Cantimpré also wants to propose an ideal of Christianity: under the sign of Marie of Oignies, in fact, the author wants to indicate that "evil is not identifiable only in infidels and heretics, but it nestles in the hearts and in the very bosom of Christianitas". |
1321_13 | Vita S. Christinae virginis Mirabilis dictae
Thomas of Cantimpré writes his first 'autonomous' hagiography, even if it is already his second female portrait (after that of Marie of Oignies), on the life of Christina of St. Trond, a Belgian mystic (died 1224) known as Cristina the Astonishing: Thomas writes the work around 1232 starting from direct testimonies of those who had known it. In the figure of Cristina, he again wants to represent an ideal, in this case an "extreme and rarefaction model of perfection, [which] reproposes, after a millennial pause, the mystical horizons of holy madness".
The 'historical' value of this Life is profoundly doubtful (as can be seen also from the comparison with the information that Jacques de Vitry gives on Cristina in the Prologue of the aforementioned Vita B. Mariae Oigniensis) but on the literary level for this type of texts does not count so much the 'historical' truth, but rather the model of sanctity that emerges from the work. |
1321_14 | Vita preclare virginis Margarete de Ypris
The Vita preclare virginis Margarete de Ypris (or Vita Beatae Margaritae Iprensis) is the second "autonomous" mystical hagiography of Thomas, dedicated to the life of Margaret of Ypres, a Belgian Blessed died in 1237.
The Vita Margaritae was composed – on commission by the Dominican preacher Sigieri da Lilla – certainly before 1244, but probably way before that year: in fact, the tone of the story gives a "feeling of proximity and immediacy". |
1321_15 | From the image that is given in the work, it is clear that through the figure of Margherita Thomas wants to propose an ideal of feminine devotion according to the Dominican vision; in the hagiography dedicated to her, in fact, Margherita represents the evidence that "feminine perfection is expressed in silence, in prayer and in submission". We do not want to propose a need for isolation: the blessed is indeed – again coherently with the Dominican ideals – deeply "tied to the new reality of the citizen presence of the Preachers".
Here Thomas of Cantimpré clearly expresses the Dominican conception of the centrality of the female presence, which "has an irreplaceable value for the success of the mission", just as stated, in the same years, by the "general master of the Order Jordan of Saxony". |
1321_16 | Vita Piae Lutgardiae
The hagiographic masterpiece of Thomas, as a work "much more elaborate and complete than the previous texts", is certainly the Vita Piae Lutgardiae (or Vita Lutgardis). It is the life of Lutgardis of Tongres, who died in 1246 and later became the saint patron of Flanders. Thomas wrote the work in 1248, but later reworked it in 1254–1255.
Unlike the two previous Vitae, linked to figures of secular penitents, with the Vita Lutgardis Tommaso proposes the portrait of a Cistercian nun of Aywières: it is therefore "a cloistered portrait", that the author uses to explain "the mystical meaning of the enclosure, [...] atopic space in which it is possible to live the encounter with God in radical terms".
Editions and translations
Editions
For the De natura rerum: Boese HELMUT (ed.), Liber de natura rerum, Berlin-New York, Walter de Gruyter, 1973. |
1321_17 | For the Bonum universale de apibus: George COLVENEER (ed.), Bonum universale de apibus, Bellerus, 1597. Available online (https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_HS5SAAAAcAAJ/page/n3).
For the Hymnus de beato Jordano: AA.SS., Hymnus de beato Jordano, Februarii tomus II, februarii XIII, Parigi-Roma, 1867, pp. 739–740.
For the Vita Joannis abbatis primi monasterii Cantimpratensis: Robert GODDING (ed.), Une œuvre inédite de Thomas de Cantimpré: la «Vita Ioannis Cantipratensis» in «Revue d’histoire ecclésiastique», LXXVI, 1981, pp. 241–316.
For the Supplementum ad vitam Mariae Oigniacensis: Robert B. C . HUYGENS (ed.), Iacobus de Vitriaco, Vita Marie de Oignies. Thomas Cantipratensis, Supplementum, Turnhout, Brepols, 2012 (Corpus christianorum. Continuatio mediaevalis, 252).
For the Vita S. Christinae virginis Mirabilis dictae: AA.SS., Vita sanctae Christinae mirabilis, Iulii tomus V, iulii XXIV, Parigi-Roma, 1867, pp. 650–660. |
1321_18 | For the Vita preclare virginis Margarete de Ypris: Giles MEERSSEMAN (ed.), Les frères Prêcheurs et le mouvement dévot en Flandre au XIIIe siècle, in «Archivium Fratrum Praedicatorum», XVIII, 1948, pp. 69–130, pp. 106–130.
For the Vita Piae Lutgardiae: AA.SS., Vita piae Lutgardis, Iunii tomus IV, Iunii XVI, Paris-Roma, 1867, pp. 187–210.
Translations
We indicate here some translations in modern languages: |
1321_19 | Margot H. KING, Thomas de Cantimpré. The Life of Christina the Astonishing, Toronto, Peregrina Publishing, 1999.
Barbara NEWMAN (cur.), Thomas of Cantimpré: The Collected Saints' Lives: Abbot John of Cantimpré, Christina the Astonishing, Margaret of Ypres, and Lutgard of Aywières, Turnhout, Brepols, 2008 (Medieval Women: Texts and Contexts, 19).
Henri PLATELLE (cur.), Thomas de Cantimpré. Les exemples du «Livre des abeilles». Une vision médiévale, Turnhout, Brepols, 1997.
André WANKENNE (cur.), Thomas de Cantimpré. Vie de Sainte Ludgarde, Namur, Presses Universitaires de Namur, 1991.
References
Footnotes
Bibliography |
1321_20 | BARTOLOMEI ROMAGNOLI Alessandra – DEGL’INNOCENTI Antonella – SANTI Francesco, Scrittrici mistiche europee. Secoli XII-XIII, vol. I, Firenze, SISMEL – Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2015 (La mistica cristiana tra Oriente e Occidente, 24).
BARTOLOMEI ROMAGNOLI Alessandra, Agiografia e mistica nel Duecento: le «Vitae matrum» di Tommaso da Cantimpré, in «Hagiographica. Rivista di agiografia e biografia della Società Internazionale per lo Studio del Medio Evo Latino», XVII, 2010, pp. 207–252.
BARTOLOMEI ROMAGNOLI Alessandra, Lutgarda nella mistica femminile, in «Hagiographica. Rivista di agiografia e biografia della Società Internazionale per lo Studio del Medio Evo Latino», XIX, 2012, pp. 221–281.
BARTOLOMEI ROMAGNOLI Alessandra, Mistici e mistica domenicana, in L’Ordine dei Predicatori. I Domenicani: storia, figure e istituzioni. 1216–2016, curr. Gianni FESTA e Marco RAININI, Bari, Laterza, 2016, pp. 351–388. |
1321_21 | Biografia universale antica e moderna, ossia storia per alfabeto della vita publica e privata di tutte le persone che si distinsero per opere, azioni, talenti, virtù e delitti, vol. LVIII, Venezia, Molinari, 1829, pp. 116–119 [Tommaso di Cantimpré].
CHÊNE Catherine, Des fourmis et des hommes. Le «Formicarius» (1436–1438) de Jean Nider O.P., in «Micrologus. Natura, scienze e società medievali. Rivista della Società Internazionale per lo Studio del Medio Evo Latino», VIII, tomo I, 2000, pp. 297–350.
DE VOGÜÉ Adalbert, Une citation remarquable de Grégoire le Grand (In «I Reg.» 1,5) dans la «Vie de Jean de Cantimpré», in «Revue bénédictine», XCVIII, 1988, pp. 327–328. |
1321_22 | DONNADIEU Jean, Entre sentiment et ambition: les réseaux de Jacques de Vitry au miroir du «Supplementum ad Vitam Mariae Oignacensis» de Thomas de Cantimpré, in Vivre en société au Moyen Age. Occident chrétien, VIe-XVe siècle, curr. Claude CAROZZI – Daniel LE BLEVEC – Huguette TAVIANI-CAROZZI, Aix-en-Provence, Publications de l’Université de Provence, 2008, pp. 133–49.
EHRMAN Albert, The Origins of the Ritual Murder Accusation and Blood Libel, in «Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought», XV, n. 14, Rabbinical Council of America, 1976, pp. 83–90.
FEISS Hugh (cur.), Thomas de Cantimpré. Supplement to The life of Marie d’Oignies, Saskatoon, Peregrina Publishing, 1987. |
1321_23 | FRIEDMAN John Block, Albert the Great’s Topoi of Direct Observation and His Debt to Thomas of Cantimpré, in Pre-Modern Encyclopaedic Texts. Proceedings of the Second COMERS Congress, Groningen, 1–4 July 1996, cur. Peter BINKLEY, Leiden-New York-Köln, Brill, 1997 (Brill's Studies in Intellectual History 79), pp. 379–92.
FULTON Rachel e HOLSINGER Bruce W., History in the comic mode medieval communities and the matter of person, New York, Columbia University Press, 2007.
HEENE Katrien, Hagiography and Gender: A Tentative Case-Study on Thomas of Cantimpré, in «Scribere sanctorum gesta». Recueil d’études d’hagiographie médiévale offert à Guy Philippart, curr. Etienne RENARD – Michel TRIGALET – Xavier HERMAND – Paul BERTRAND, Turnhout, Brepols, 2005 (Hagiologia. Etudes sur la saintété en Occident. Studies on Western Sainthood 3), pp. 109–123. |
1321_24 | HERBERMANN Charles George (ed.), The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. XIV, New York, The Encyclopedia Press, 1913, pp. 693–694 [Thomas of Cantimpré]. Consultabile online: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14693c.htm. [url consultato il 24-04-2019].
KING Margot H., Jacques de Vitry. The life of Marie d’Oignies, Toronto, Peregrina Publishing, 1989.
LANGLOIS Charles Victor et alii, Histoire littéraire de la France: ouvrage commencé par des religieux bénédictins de la Congrégation de Saint Maur, et continué par des membres de l’Institut, vol. XIX, Paris, Imprimerie nationale, 1838, pp. 177–184 [Thomas de Cantimpré] e pp. 388–394 [Simon, chanoine de Tournai]. |
1321_25 | LOUIS Nicolas, Essaimage et usages du «Bonum universale de apibus» de Thomas de Cantimpré, in Lecteurs, lectures et groupes sociaux au Moyen Age. Actes de la journée d’études organisée par le Centre de recherches «Pratiques médiévales de l’écrit» (PraME) de l’Université de Namur et le Département des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, Bruxelles, 18 mars 2010, curr. Xavier HERMAND – Etienne RENARD – Céline VAN HOOREBEECK, Turnhout, Brepols, 2014 (Texte, Codex et Contexte 17), pp. 29–56.
LUONGO Gennaro, Santi martiri, in Forme e modelli della santità in Occidente dal Tardo antico al Medioevo, curr. Massimiliano BASSETTI – Antonella DEGL’INNOCENTI – Enrico MENESTÒ, Spoleto, Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo, 2012, pp. 1–33. |
1321_26 | NEWMAN Barbara, Introduction, in Id., Thomas of Cantimpré: The Collected Saints' Lives: Abbot John of Cantimpré, Christina the Astonishing, Margaret of Ypres, and Lutgard of Aywières, Turnhout, Brepols, 2008 (Medieval Women: Texts and Contexts, 19), pp. 3–51.
PLATELLE Henri, L’image des Juifs dans Thomas de Cantimpré: de l’attirance à la repulsion, in «Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France», LXIV, Paris, 1982, pp. 334–336.
PLATELLE Henri, Une vision médiévale: les historiettes du Livre des abeilles de Thomas de Cantimpré, in Id., Présence de l’Au-delà. Une vision médiévale du monde, Paris, Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 2004, pp. 137–147. |
1321_27 | POLLINI Nadia, La nature dans le «Bonum universale de apibus» de Thomas de Cantimpré entre philosophie naturelle et instruction morale?, in «Exempla docent»: les exemples des philosophes de l’Antiquité à la Renaissance. Actes du colloque international 23–25 octobre 2003, Université de Neuchâtel, cur. Thomas RICKLIN, Paris, Vrin, 2006 (Etudes de philosophie médiévale 92), pp. 151–162.
POLLINI Nadia, Les propriétés des abeilles dans le «Bonum universale de apibus» de Thomas de Cantimpré (1200–1270), in «Micrologus. Natura, scienze e società medievali. Rivista della Società Internazionale per lo Studio del Medio Evo Latino», VIII, tomo I, 2000, pp. 261–296.
PYLE Cynthia M., The Art and Science of Renaissance Natural History: Thomas of Cantimpré, Candido Decembrio, Conrad Gessner, and Teodoro Ghisi in Vatican Library MS Urb. lat. 276, in «Viator», XXVII, 1996, pp. 265–321. |
1321_28 | STRACK H. L., Blood Accusation, in The Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. III, New York, Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1902, pp. 260–267. Consultabile online: http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3408-blood-accusation [url consultato il 24-04-2019].
VAN DEN ABEELE Baudouin, A la recherche de l'Experimentator de Thomas de Cantimpre, in Expertus sum, SISMEL – Edizioni del Galluzzo, Firenze, 2010, pp. 41–65.
VAN DEN ABEELE Baudouin, Diffusion et avatars d’une encyclopédie: le Liber de natura rerum de Thomas de Cantimpré, in Une lumière venue d’ailleurs, curr. G. DE CALLATAŸ e B. VAN DEN ABEELE, Louvain-la-Neuve, Brepols, 2008, pp. 141–176.
VAN DEN ABEELE Baudouin, Encyclopédies en milieu de cour, in «Micrologus. Natura, scienze e società medievali. Rivista della Società Internazionale per lo Studio del Medio Evo Latino», XVI, 2008, pp. 31–55. |
1321_29 | VAN DEN ABEELE Baudouin, Migrations médiévales de la grue, in «Micrologus. Natura, scienze e società medievali. Rivista della Società Internazionale per lo Studio del Medio Evo Latino», VIII, tomo I, 2000, pp. 65–78. |
1321_30 | External links
Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge (ARLIMA)
The digitalization of an illustrated manuscript of the De natura rerum: https://patrimoine-numerique.ville-valenciennes.fr/ark:/29755/B_596066101_MS_0320.
The Bonum universale de apibus on archive.org https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UM5bV2aYqGAC.
1201 births
1272 deaths
13th-century Roman Catholic priests
Flemish Dominicans
Flemish Roman Catholic priests
13th-century Roman Catholic theologians
Hagiographers
People from Sint-Pieters-Leeuw
Latin encyclopedists
People from the Duchy of Brabant |
1322_0 | Germantown is an urbanized census-designated place in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. With a population of 91,249 as of 2019 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, Germantown is the third most populous place in Maryland, after the city of Baltimore, and the census-designated place of Columbia. Germantown is located approximately outside the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C. and is an important part of the Washington metropolitan area. |
1322_1 | Germantown was founded in the early 19th century by European immigrants, though much of the area's development did not take place until the mid-20th century. The original plan for Germantown divided the area into a downtown and six town villages: Gunners Lake Village, Kingsview Village, Churchill Village, Middlebrook Village, Clopper's Mill Village, and Neelsville Village. The Churchill Town Sector at the corner of Maryland Route 118 and Middlebrook Road most closely resembles the downtown or center of Germantown because of the location of the Upcounty Regional Services Center, the Germantown Public Library, the Black Rock Arts Center, the Regal Germantown Stadium 14, and pedestrian shopping that features an array of restaurants. Three exits to Interstate 270 are less than one mile away, the Maryland Area Regional Commuter train is within walking distance, and the Germantown Transit Center that provides Ride On shuttle service to the Shady Grove station of the Washington Metro's Red |
1322_2 | Line. |
1322_3 | Germantown has the assigned ZIP codes of 20874 and 20876 for delivery and 20875 for post office boxes. It is the only "Germantown, Maryland" recognized by the United States Postal Service, though three other Maryland counties have unincorporated communities with the same name.
History
Early history (1830–1865)
In the 1830s and 1840s, the central business area was focused around the intersection of Liberty Mill Road and Clopper Road. Several German immigrants set up shop at the intersection and the town became known as "German Town", even though most residents of the town were of English or Scottish descent.
American Civil War |
1322_4 | Although it avoided much of the physical destruction that ravaged other cities in the region, the Civil War was still a cause of resentment and division among residents of Germantown. Many Germantown residents were against slavery and had sons fighting for the Union Army. In contrast, other residents of Germantown owned slaves, and even those who were not slave-owners had sons fighting for the Confederate Army. As a result, many people in Germantown, who had been on friendly terms with each other, made an effort not to interact with each other, such as switching churches, or frequenting a store or mill miles away from the ones they would normally do business with. |
1322_5 | Late in the summer and fall of 1861, there were more than twenty thousand Union soldiers camped to the west of Germantown, in neighboring Darnestown and Poolesville. Occasionally, these soldiers would come to Germantown and frequent the stores there. In September 1862 and in June 1863, several regiments of Union Army soldiers marched north on Maryland Route 355, on their way to the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg, respectively. In July 1864, General Jubal Early led his army of Confederate soldiers down Maryland Route 355 to attack the Union capital of Washington, D.C. Throughout the course of the war, Confederate raiders would often pass through the Germantown area. Local farmers in the Germantown area lost horses and other livestock to both Union and Confederate armies. |
1322_6 | Assassination of Abraham Lincoln |
1322_7 | In 1865, George Atzerodt, a co-conspirator in the assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, was captured in Germantown. Atzerodt had come to the town with his family from Prussia when he was about nine years old. About five years later, his father moved the family to Virginia, but Atzerodt still had many friends and relatives in Germantown. He was living in Port Tobacco during the Civil War, and supplementing his meager income as a carriage painter by smuggling people across the Potomac River in a rowboat. This clandestine occupation brought him into contact with John Surratt and John Wilkes Booth and he was drawn into a plot to kidnap President Lincoln. On April 14, 1865, Booth gave Atzerodt a gun and told him that he was to kill U.S. Vice President Andrew Johnson, which he refused to do. When he found out that Booth had shot Lincoln, Atzerodt panicked and fled to the Germantown farm of his cousin Hartman Richter, on Schaeffer Road near Clopper Road. He was discovered there by |
1322_8 | soldiers on April 20, six days after the assassination. Atzerodt was tried, convicted and hanged on July 7, 1865, along with co-conspirators Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, and David Herold at Washington, D.C.'s Fort McNair. |
1322_9 | Expansion (1865–1950)
Germantown did not have a public school until after the end of the American Civil War. During that time, education was handled at home. In 1868, a one-room schoolhouse was built on Maryland Route 118, near Black Rock Road, which hosted children from both Germantown and neighboring Darnestown. In 1883, a larger one-room schoolhouse was built closer to Clopper Road. Another, newer school was constructed in 1910, on what is now the site of Germantown Elementary School. This school had four rooms, with two downstairs and two upstairs, with each room housing two grade levels. After the eighth grade, the students would head via train to nearby Rockville, for further education. |
1322_10 | The wooden structure of the Bowman Brothers Mill fell victim to a fire in 1914. Four years later, the owners were back in business again, selling the mill to the Liberty Milling Company, a brand new corporation. Augustus Selby was the first owner and manager of the new Liberty Mill, which opened in 1918. Electricity was brought into Liberty Mill and also served the homes and businesses nearby, making Germantown the first area in the northern portion of Montgomery County to receive electricity.
In 1935, professional baseball player Walter Perry Johnson, who played as a pitcher for the Washington Senators (now the Minnesota Twins), purchased a farm on what is now the site of Seneca Valley High School. Used as a dairy farm, Johnson lived there with his five children and his mother (his wife had died), until his death in 1946. A road near the school was named after him. |
1322_11 | "Feed the Liberty Way" was used as a slogan for Liberty Mill which, with eight silos, became the second largest mill in all of Maryland, supplying flour to the United States Army during World War II. Cornmeal and animal feed were also manufactured at Liberty Mill, and a store at the mill sold specialty mixes, such as pancake and muffin mix. Following the end of World War II, the Liberty Mill went into disrepair. For over 25 years, the mill continued to deteriorate until it was destroyed by an arsonist on May 30, 1972. The cement silos were removed by the county in 1986 to make way for the MARC Germantown train station commuter parking lot.
Development and master plan (1950–1980) |
1322_12 | In January 1958, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission was relocated from its location in downtown Washington, D.C. to Germantown, which was considered far enough from the city to withstand a Soviet nuclear attack. The facility now operates as an administration complex for the U.S. Department of Energy and headquarters for its Office of Biological and Environmental Research.
Marshall Davis owned a farm located where Interstate 270 and Germantown Road intersect today. After Interstate 270 divided his farm in two, Davis decided to sell the last of his land to the International Development Corporation for about $1,300 per acre in 1955. Fairchild-Hiller Corporation bought the land for about $4,000 per acre in 1964, and it built an industrial park on the land four years later. Harry Unglesee and his family sold their farm near Hoyles Mill Road for less than $1,000 per acre in 1959. Other farmers soon sold their land to developers and speculators as well. |
1322_13 | The Germantown Master Plan was adopted in 1967. The plan for the area included a dense central downtown area and less dense development surrounding it. In 1974, the Montgomery County Council approved an amended plan written by the Montgomery County Planning Board. The amended plan included a downtown area and six separate villages, each comprising smaller neighborhoods with schools, shopping areas, and public facilities. The amended plan also included the construction of a third campus for Montgomery College near the downtown area. The same year, the completion of a sewer line helped the development and growth of Germantown.
During the 1970s, Wernher von Braun, a German rocket scientist during World War II, worked for the aerospace company Fairchild Industries, which had offices in Germantown, as its vice president for Engineering and Development. Von Braun worked at Fairchild Industries from July 1, 1972, until his death on June 16, 1977. |
1322_14 | The Germantown Campus of Montgomery College opened on October 21, 1978. At the time, it consisted of two buildings, 24 employees, and 1,200 students. Enrollment had increased to five thousand students by 2003, with eighty employees across four buildings. A steel water tower modeled after the Earth can be seen from orbiting satellites in outer space. As of 2008, a forty-acre bio-technology laboratory was nearing completion.
Economic growth and modern development (1980–present)
Since the early 1980s, Germantown has experienced rapid economic and population growth, both in the form of townhouses and single-family dwellings, and an urbanized "town center" has been built. Germantown was the fastest growing zip code in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area and Maryland in 1986, and the 1980s saw a population growth of 323.3% for Germantown. |
1322_15 | In 2000, the Upcounty Regional Services Center (now the Sidney Kramer Upcounty Regional Services Center) opened in Germantown, and a 16,000 square feet section of the first floor was home to the Germantown Public Library for several years until it moved to a new, 19 million dollar complex in 2007. On September 29, 2013, the Upcounty Regional Services Center in Germantown was renamed as the Sidney Kramer Upcounty Regional Services Center, after Sidney Kramer, the Montgomery County executive from 1986 to 1990. |
1322_16 | In October 2000, the Maryland SoccerPlex opened in Germantown. The sports complex includes nineteen natural grass fields, three artificial fields, a 5,200 seat soccer stadium with lighting and press box, eight indoor convertible basketball/volleyball courts. Two miniature golf courses, a splash park, a driving range, an archery course, community garden, model boat pond, two BMX courses, tennis center, and a swim center are also located within the confines of the complex. The soccerplex is the current home of the Washington Spirit of the National Women's Soccer League. |
1322_17 | In March 2001, Germantown's only movie theater, the Sony 6, opened in the 1980s, located at the Germantown Commons Shopping Center, closed down as part of a closure of 112 movie theaters across the United States by Loews Cineplex, leaving Germantown without a movie theater of its own. As a result, local residents frequented a movie theater in Kentlands or one at The Rio in Gaithersburg. Over a year later, on May 3, 2002, the Hoyts Cinema 14, now the Regal Germantown Stadium 14, opened, and Germantown now had its own movie theater once again. A DSW footwear retail store now sits on the site of the former Sony 6 theater. A month later, it was announced that a Staples and Best Buy store would open at Germantown's Milestone Shopping Center later that fall. Opening later that year, the Best Buy store replaced a Homeplace store that had closed down in 2001 following that company's disbandment. |
1322_18 | In 2003, one of Germantown's trailer parks, the Cider Barrel Mobile Home Park, located at the intersection of Germantown Road and Frederick Road, closed after decades of operation, having been in business since at least the 1970s. Despite this closure, the Barrel building itself was preserved, with a cluster of garden apartments erected near it.
On August 14, 2011, a 7-Eleven convenience store in downtown Germantown fell victim to a flash mob robbery, in which nearly forty people walked into the store, grabbed merchandise, and subsequently fled with the stolen goods, all without paying. The incident garnered widespread attention in the United States and internationally. |
1322_19 | Holy Cross Health opened a hospital on the campus of Montgomery College in October 2014, becoming the first hospital in the U.S. to be built on a community college campus. The opening of the new 93-bed hospital strengthens the college's medical program by giving students the opportunity for hands-on work and access to more advanced medical technology. The hospital is projected to eventually bring 5,000 new jobs to the area.
In August 2017, Brandi Edinger initiated efforts to crowdfund the repurposing of the historic Cider Barrel as a bakery via Kickstarter, but failed to meet the $80,000 goal set by October. On January 1, 2020, it was reported that plans are underway to reopen the Barrel in the spring of that year after it was closed for nearly two decades. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic occurring in the months leading up to its planned reopening, it has been delayed indefinitely to a time when the pandemic poses less of a safety risk. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.