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1741_4 | In November 2012, Shuker launched the Journal of Cryptozoology. As the journal's founding editor-in-chief, Shuker has the stated goal of "providing an outlet for cryptozoological research with a genuinely scientific approach," with the hope of elevating the field's reputation among the scientific community. Upon announcing plans to start the new journal, Shuker had expressed "hope that cryptozoological researchers will submit papers to the journal that are totally worthy of publication in mainstream zoological journals but which may not be accepted by them simply because their subject is cryptozoological." Remarking that many newly discovered or rediscovered species begin as cryptids, Shuker believes that the field of cryptozoology is at a disadvantage, noting "as soon as one of its subjects is confirmed to be real, it is no longer cryptozoological but zoological instead."
Scientific approach |
1741_5 | Shuker engages in what he describes as the scientific investigation of "animals still awaiting formal zoological detection and description in the 21st century." However, Shuker is critical of investigators who set out to uncritically validate their preconceptions, stating that such activity is not serious cryptozoology.
Shuker's approach also sometimes leads to a more reserved position regarding cryptid claims. Having investigated the mystery of the chupacabra, Shuker noted in an interview with Benjamin Radford that the inconsistencies surrounding descriptions and accounts of the creature made it difficult to separate actual reports from folklore.
Based on his interpretation of available accounts and evidence of the creature, Shuker hypothesized that the chupacabra itself might be "a nonexistent composite" resulting from accounts of "different entities [...] all being lumped together." |
1741_6 | Critical reception
In a 1996 review of Shuker's book Dragons: A Natural History in Natural History, Richard Ellis discussed the "impressive assortment of illustrations," as well as Shuker's coverage of dragon imagery and icons throughout history, but criticized a lack of focus on "the 'real' animals held to be responsible for some of the dragon or sea serpent stories, such as the crocodile, the Komodo dragon, the African rock python, and the oarfish." Ellis found fault with coverage of "aquatic serpent dragons" such as the Loch Ness monster, lamenting that "despite corroborated evidence that the famous Loch Ness monster's 'surgeon's photograph' was a hoax, [...] 'Nessie' is one of the contemporary 'dragons' in this book." |
1741_7 | In June 1997 Shuker criticized Fortean Times publisher Mike Dash, who has described most reports of strange phenomena to be products of the imagination, to which Shuker stated, "there are some intriguing pieces of evidence for the existence of a large underwater mammal in Loch Ness, not least the sonar soundings of 1972 which showed the presence of a 6-ft flipper." However, in a 1998 Sunday Times interview, Shuker suggested that the Loch Ness monster was losing traction, with more attention going toward large cat sightings, stating, "They're more tangible," and that "[a]ny scientist who these days decides to take the Loch Ness monster seriously knows that it will damage his reputation." |
1741_8 | Reviewing Shuker's 2003 book The Beasts that Hide from Man, Mark Bayless described the work as "thought provoking and well researched," contrasting Shuker's work favorably against other cryptozoology texts as providing a "scholarly, reader-friendly format," and addressing a wider range of cryptids that are not covered in comparable sources.
A March 2013 review of the Journal of Cryptozoology in Brazilian journal Revista Piauí was generally positive regarding Shuker's efforts at a scientific approach to documenting cryptozoological findings, noting an article which put forth a giant oarfish as the most likely candidate to explain a recent sighting, but noted the professional challenges that cryptozoological researchers seeking to document findings may face, suggesting some are met with ridicule from colleagues due to a large portion of the cryptozoological community not being scientifically regarded. |
1741_9 | Awards and honours
In 2005, a new species of Loricifera was named Pliciloricus shukeri, after Shuker.
In November 2001, Karl Shuker won £250,000 on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. |
1741_10 | Books
Mystery Cats of the World (1989), Robert Hale,
Extraordinary Animals Worldwide (1991), Robert Hale,
The Lost Ark: New and Rediscovered Animals of the 20th Century (1993), HarperCollins,
Dragons – A Natural History (1995), Simon & Schuster, ; republished (2006), Taschen
In Search of Prehistoric Survivors (1995), Blandford,
The Unexplained (1996), Carlton Books,
From Flying Toads To Snakes With Wings (1997), Llewellyn,
Mysteries of Planet Earth (1999), Carlton Books,
The Hidden Powers of Animals, (2001), Reader's Digest,
The New Zoo: New and Rediscovered Animals of the Twentieth Century (2002), House of Stratus,
The Beasts That Hide From Man (2003), Paraview,
Extraordinary Animals Revisited (2007) CFZ Press,
Dr Shuker's Casebook (2008) CFZ Press,
Dinosaurs and Other Prehistoric Animals on Stamps: A Worldwide Catalogue (2008) CFZ Press,
Star Steeds and Other Dreams: The Collected Poems (2009) CFZ Press, |
1741_11 | Karl Shuker's Alien Zoo: From the Pages of Fortean Times (2010) CFZ Press,
The Encyclopaedia of New and Rediscovered Animals (2012) Coachwhip Publications,
Cats of Magic, Mythology, and Mystery (2012) CFZ Press,
Mirabilis: A Carnival of Cryptozoology and Unnatural History (2013) Anomalist Books,
Dragons in Zoology, Cryptozoology, and Culture (2013) Coachwhip Publications,
The Menagerie of Marvels: A Third Compendium of Extraordinary Animals (2014) CFZ Press,
A Manifestation of Monsters: Examining the (Un)Usual Suspects (2015) Anomalist Books,
More Star Steeds and Other Dreams - The Collected Poems - 2015 Expanded Edition (2015) Fortean Words,
Here's Nessie! A Monstrous Compendium From Loch Ness (2016) CFZ Press,
Still In Search Of Prehistoric Survivors: The Creatures That Time Forgot? (2016) Coachwhip Publications, |
1741_12 | References
External links
Karl Shuker's website
Karl Shuker's cryptozoology weblog
Karl Shuker's poetry weblog
Journal of Cryptozoology website
1959 births
Living people
British zoologists
Cryptozoologists
Fortean writers
Fellows of the Royal Entomological Society
Fellows of the Zoological Society of London
People from West Bromwich
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Alumni of the University of Birmingham |
1742_0 | M-Net (an abbreviation of Electronic Media Network) is a South African pay television channel established by Naspers in 1986. The channel broadcasts both local and international programming, including general entertainment, children's series, sport and movies. While the TV signal is generally encrypted, M-Net showed some programmes 'free to air' in its "Open Time" slot between 5 p.m. and 7 pm, until the slot closed on 1 April 2007.
In the early 1990s, M-Net added a second analogue channel called Community Services Network (CSN), and began digital broadcasting via satellite to the rest of Africa, via its sister company MultiChoice. With the introduction of MultiChoice's multi-channel digital satellite TV service, DStv, in 1995, several different channels have been created to complement the original M-Net channel, including the now-defunct M-Net Series and several film/movie channels based on genre and preference.
History |
1742_1 | Early years
The idea of a pay-TV network in South Africa came to life in the mid-1980s, when Nasionale Pers (Naspers) — headed by executive Koos Bekker — started to promote the idea to the country's other three largest media corporations: Times Media Ltd (now Avusa/BDFM), Argus (now the Independent Group) and Perskor (which is now defunct).
The newspapers and magazines published by Naspers had lost a lot of advertising revenue to the SABC after the arrival of television and for this reason, according to some sources, the National Party government wanted Naspers to run its own television network. Initially, the plan was for M-Net to be jointly owned by the four media corporations, with the Natal Witness also having a small share in the station. However, as time went on, the project became that of Naspers only. |
1742_2 | In October 1986, they started broadcasting for 12 hours a day, to about 500 households who had bought decoders. (Their aim at that stage was to sell 9,000 decoders per month.) The service used the Oak Orion scrambling system, and the decoders were manufactured in South Africa by the local affiliate of Matsushita Electric.
Although it was subscription-based, the Broadcasting Authority granted them a one-hour time slot each day, in which the channel could broadcast unencrypted, free-to-air content, in order to promote itself and attract potential subscribers. In 1987, the Cabinet also approved an arrangement under which the SABC was required to make its TV4 channel available to M-Net between 6 and 7pm. This time slot became known as Open Time, but was only meant to be temporary — M-Net was supposed to close Open Time immediately when it had 150,000 subscribers. |
1742_3 | At the end of its first year, they recorded a loss of R37 million. However, it pushed forward and eventually, the public started taking notice. After two years, the loss was turned into a R20 million profit. In 1988, the channel launched Carte Blanche, a multi-award-winning actuality program hosted by Derek Watts and Ruda Landman. In only a few years, Carte Blanche became famous for its investigative journalism. In the process, the show also uncovered many of South Africa's most famous scandals of human rights abuse, corruption and consumer affairs.
1989 saw the launch of M-Net SuperSport, which went on to become South Africa's (and Sub-Saharan Africa's) first dedicated sports channel which spawned into sports-specific channels from 2003 onward. |
1742_4 | Recent history
1990 was the first year that they made a profit and also the year that saw a few major changes for the channel. It launched K-TV, a daily time slot specialising in kids' entertainment, and Open Time was expanded from the initial one hour per day, to two. They applied for a licence to broadcast news and the application was granted in December 1990. (Former State President P.W. Botha once claimed that "M-Net would not broadcast news as long as he was State President.") but during June 1991, they announced that they were putting their plans for news broadcasts aside and that, instead, more money would be invested in local productions, including South Africa's first local soap opera Egoli, which started in May 1992 and ended in April 2010. However, they began re-broadcasting BBC World Service Television (now BBC World News) that same year. |
1742_5 | M-Net SuperSport changed its name in 1994 to SuperSport only, to create a more recognizable brand. During that year it broadcast live coverage of South Africa's test cricket series in Australia for the first time. At the same time, Hugh Bladen and Naas Botha — two of the channel's most colourful rugby commentators — joined SuperSport. By that time, its sports coverage became very impressive, including the US Masters, the FA Cup Finals, the Indy 500, the US PGA Championship, Wimbledon, the Tour de France, MotoGP and an ever-expanding rugby package. In 1995, SuperSport started broadcasting 24 hours per day on M-Net's spare channel, the Community Service Network, which paved the way for a 24-hour multi-channel sports network. When rugby became a full professional sport in 1995, most of the broadcasting rights in the Southern Hemisphere were sold to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. In response, they started negotiating with NewsCorp in August 1995 and in February the following year, |
1742_6 | SuperSport was granted sole broadcasting rights to both the Super 12 and Tri Nations rugby tournaments. It was a major breakthrough for the channel as well as SuperSport, which had by then expanded to sports-and-leagues-specific TV channels on DStv and GOtv, MultiChoice's satellite TV services. |
1742_7 | High definition
Delivery of high-definition content started with the launch of DStv's first high definition decoder the HD PVR, XtraView and the first HD channel, M-Net HD. M-Net began broadcasting a 720p high definition channel in 2010, which is available for HD-PVR subscribers; the standard definition channel for non-HD-PVR subscribers is merely downscaled at the provider from the HD feed rather than having a devoted analog channel. In 2012, the original film/movie channels were expanded to 6 channels which grouped films according to genre/preference.
M-Net channels |
1742_8 | M-Net
The original M-Net channel broadcasts general entertainment, as well as premiere movies, documentaries, music specials and first-run TV series. The channel has a timeshift service, a terrestrial service and a CSN in South Africa. In other African countries the channel broadcasts exclusively on the DStv Service with two different feeds, M-Net East for East Africa and M-Net West for West Africa. These feeds broadcasts nearly the same content, though the West African feed is 2 hours behind the East African feed as programmes are scheduled based on the local time zones of the regions (EAT and WAT respectively) except for some live programmes. Advertising on the East feed is targeted at Kenyan viewers while the West feed is targeted at Nigerian Viewers. Over the course of several years, M-Net has launched numerous sister channels. In DStv, the channel is only available to the high tier package Premium as it contains expensive content.
M-Net +1 |
1742_9 | The time shift channel, M-Net +1 was launched also for DStv Premium customers since 1 June 2016 on DStv channel 901. However, the time-shifted channel was discontinued on 16 May 2021 due to increase of content preference by DStv Premium Subscribers on the DStv app.
M-Net Movies
The original two movie channels, Movie Magic 1 and Movie Magic 2, launched in 1995 to coincide with the launch of DStv, were renamed M-Net Movies 1 and M-Net Movies 2, respectively, in 2005. Two additional movie channels, M-Net Movies Stars (previously M-Net Stars which launched in 2009) and actionX (which was renamed M-Net Action in 2008), were later launched. In October 2012, the channels were expanded to six which grouped films according to genre and preference. The 7 film/movie channels were later reconsolidated into 4 numeric channels:
M-Net City
Most of the programmes broadcast are unique to M-Net Series but some are rebroadcasts of episodes previously shown on M-Net. |
1742_10 | A single series channel known as The Series Channel (renamed as M-Net Series in 2005) was introduced in April 1998 as a sister channel to the original M-Net channel. On 9 July 2013, this channel was split into three, namely:
M-Net Series Showcase, which was broadcast in high definition, previously served as the primary series channel on which most new content unique to Series was broadcast.
M-Net Series Reality broadcast talk shows and other reality media.
M-Net Series Zone which served as a catch-up channel, and featured previous seasons of shows. Several TV shows also ran back-to-back in marathon blocks. |
1742_11 | On 11 September 2014, it was announced that Showcase and Reality would be discontinued and replaced with two new channels, Vuzu Amp and M-Net Edge, on 20 and 13 October, respectively. Only one channel of the original three, M-Net Series Zone, remained. The standalone channel is reminiscent of the initial channel, in that it airs shows that previously aired on the main M-Net channel. It was rebranded M-Net City in 2015.
M-Net City, along with Vuzu, was closed on 29 October 2021 to be replaced by ME on its EPG slot.
M-Net Edge
On 31 March 2017, M-Net Edge programs were moved to M-Net as part of a merge and various other channels from M-Net. On 29 January 2018, Vuzu AMP/Vuzu Amp was rebranded as 1Magic.
KykNet |
1742_12 | KykNET, which broadcasts solely in Afrikaans, was launched in October 1999. The channel features general entertainment, series, informative programs and music. KykNET also has two sister channels, KykNet & Kie and KykNet Musiek. DStv announced on 16 July 2014 that kykNet would be broadcast in high definition as of 12 August 2014.
It was launched in the UK on TalkTalk's IPTV service, TalkTalk Plus TV, in October 2013. However, it was dropped by TalkTalk in December 2015. A kykNet International service is now available online to subscribers in selected countries in North America, Europe and Australasia via the Showmax platform.
Vuzu
Vuzu, originally launched as Go in 2003, had a strong focus on Southern African youth, specifically preteens, teens and the 20–49 demographics, similar to some popular American TV Channels such as Bravo, FX, BET, The CW, NBC, TNT and many others. A sister channel, Vuzu Amp, was launched in October 2014, which was later relaunched as 1Magic. |
1742_13 | The channel was shut down, along with M-Net City, on 29 October 2021 to be replaced by Me
Mzansi Magic
Mzansi Magic features original South African series, movies, music, documentaries and reality shows. It has two sister channels, Mzansi Magic Music, Mzansi Wethu and Mzansi Biskop. |
1742_14 | Africa Magic
Africa Magic, which started off as a single channel of the same name, is a brand owned by M-Net and MultiChoice and now comprises 7 channels. The first Africa Magic channel was launched in July 2003 as a movie channel and over the next decade, the brand expanded to include 6 more channels comprising movies, television shows and general entertainment. Africa Magic currently broadcasts in more than 50 African countries. The channels include Africa Magic Family, Africa Magic Showcase, Africa Magic Yoruba, Africa Magic Igbo, Africa Magic Hausa. Africa Magic Epic and Africa Magic Urban. Africa Magic is also responsible for the annual Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCAs), the biggest celebration of film and television talent in Africa. |
1742_15 | Maisha Magic
Maisha Magic comprises four channels, Maisha Magic East & Maisha Magic Plus for Kenyan audiences and Maisha Magic Bongo & Maisha Magic Poa for Tanzanian audiences. They focus on East African movies, series and music. It was initially launched as Africa Magic Swahili but was later rebranded as Maisha Magic before it became Maisha Magic Swahili then rebranded again as Maisha Magic East. Maisha Magic Bongo have been working with many producers from Tanzania like Mtitu Game 1st Quality, Steps Entertainment, Halisi Film, Joh Films, Severini Film Entertainment, 360 Production etc.
In 2021, the brand introduced Maisha Magic Movies showcasing the best Ugandan, Kenyan and Tanzanian movies.
Channel O
Channel O is a present music channel with a strong focus on urban music genres. It also holds the annual Channel O Music Video Awards ceremony where artists are awarded for their outstanding contribution to music. |
1742_16 | SuperSport
SuperSport is a group of sport television channels carried on DStv and GOtv. It provides sports content in South Africa and many other African countries.
Novela Magic
Novela Magic celebrates unique African Storytelling and showcases local content and African stories made by African talent by bringing together a rage of content from across the region on one platform.
All HD channels are aired in 1080i but are downscaled to SD if the subscriber isn't in possession of an HD or Explora decoder.
Present programming
Domestic
Game shows
Survivor South Africa
General entertainment
Love Island: South Africa
MasterChef: South Africa
My Kitchen Rules: South Africa
The Bachelor SA
The Bachelorette SA
News and current affairs
Carte Blanche
Dramas
Gomora
Inconceivable
Is'Thunzi
Legacy
Lioness
Recipes for Love and Murder
Reyka
Strangers You Know
Tracers
Music
Idols South Africa
Global |
1742_17 | Sitcoms
Avenue 5
B Positive
Broke
Call Me Kat
Ghosts
Man with a Plan
Mom
The Conners
The Goldbergs
The Unicorn
United States of Al
United We Fall
Young Sheldon
Dramas
9-1-1
9-1-1: Lone Star
A Million Little Things
And Just Like That...
American Horror Story
Babylon Berlin
Billions
Blue Bloods
Chicago Fire
Chicago Med
Chicago P.D.
Clarice
CSI: Vegas
Dexter: New Blood
FBI
FBI: International
FBI: Most Wanted
Grey's Anatomy
In the Dark
In Treatment
Katy Keene
La Brea
Law & Order: Organized Crime
Mare of Easttown
Nancy Drew
NCIS
NCIS: Hawai'i
NCIS: Los Angeles
NCIS: New Orleans
New Amsterdam
Ordinary Joe
Prodigal Son
Ragdoll
Riverdale
SEAL Team
Shameless
Station 19
The Flight Attendant
The Good Doctor
The Good Fight
The Gilded Age
The Republic of Sarah
The Twilight Zone
This Is Us
Walker
Westworld
Why Women Kill
Yellowjackets
Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist |
1742_18 | Reality/unscripted
Celebrity Family Feud
Ellen's Game of Games
Mental Samurai
The Kelly Clarkson Show
The Late Late Show with James Corden
The Masked Singer
Whose Line Is It Anyway?
Award Shows
Emmy Awards
Grammy Awards
Golden Globe Awards
Kids Shows
Kirby Star Allies
SpongeBob SquarePants
Stormworld
Past programming
Domestic
Soap operas
Binnelanders
Egoli: Place of Gold
Game shows
Deal or No Deal
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
You Bet Your Life
Global
Soap operas
Loving |
1742_19 | Dramas
24
Alcatraz
American Gods
Angel
Anne of Green Gables: The Sequel
Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?
Arrested Development
Bad Girls
Baywatch
Beauty & the Beast
Beauty and the Beast (1987)
Believe
Beverly Hills 90210
Body of Proof
Boston Legal
Brand New Life
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Charmed
China Beach
Chuck
City of Angels
Cracker
Crime Story
Cross of Fire
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
CSI: Cyber
CSI: Miami
CSI: NY
Damages
Darlings of the Gods
Desperate Housewives
Dharma & Greg
Diagnosis: Murder
Dirt
ER
Everwood
Firefly
First Wave
Foyle's War
Game of Thrones
Gilmore Girls
Glee
Good Advice
Hart to Hart
High Mountain Rangers
Homefront
Inspector Rex
iZombie
Jane the Virgin
Justified
Land's End
Lie to Me
Lights Out (2011)
Madam Secretary
Midnight Caller
Moonlighting
My Name Is Earl
Nip/Tuck
NYPD Blue
Ohara
Over There
P.S. I Luv U
Parks and Recreation
Pensacola: Wings of Gold
Prison Break
Private Practice |
1742_20 | Raising Hope
Reign
Rescue Me
Roots: The Next Generations
Rush
Sex and the City
Silent Witness
Sons of Anarchy
Spearfield's Daughter
Spin City
Still Standing
Stingers
Sweet Justice
Sweet Valley High
Teen Wolf
Terriers
The 100
The Adventurer
The Bernie Mac Show
The Bill
The Campbells
The Cloning of Joanna May
The Commish
The Darling Buds of May
The Hardy Boys
The Hitchhiker
The Littlest Victims
The Messengers
The Net
The New Adventures of Robin Hood
The Nightmare Years
The Originals
The Riches
The River Kings
The Secret Life of Us
The Shield
The Swiss Family Robinson (1975)
The Thanksgiving Promise
The Vampire Diaries
The Wire
The Wonder Years
Thief
Ugly Betty
V.I.P.
War of the Worlds
Water Rats
WIOU
Yes, Dear
You and Me and Uncle Bob |
1742_21 | Sitcoms
3rd Rock from the Sun
'Allo 'Allo!
Almost Home
Amen
Anything but Love
Bagdad Cafe
Blossom
Boy Meets World
Charles in Charge
Clueless
Coach
Cosby
Cybill
Dave's World
Dear John (USA)
Designing Women
Dinosaurs
Dream On
Drexell's Class
Duet
Empty Nest
Father Ted
Friends
Full House (1987)
Gimme Gimme Gimme
Grace Under Fire
Grounded for Life
Hangin' with Mr. Cooper
Hearts Afire
Herman's Head
Home Improvement
Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show
It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
Kristin
Legit
Life with Bonnie
Lucky
Major Dad
Malcolm in the Middle
Malibu, CA
Married... with Children
Mr Bean
Newhart
Nurses
Oh Baby
Only Fools and Horses
Open House
Perfect Strangers
Phenom
Son of the Beach
Starved
Step by Step
Suddenly Susan
Testees
That '70s Show
The Brittas Empire
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
The Good Life (1994)
The Hogan Family
The Jeffersons
The League
The Millers
The Mommies
The Torkelsons
The Upper Hand |
1742_22 | Three's Company
Titus
Too Close for Comfort
Two of a Kind
United States of Tara
Veronica's Closet
Where I Live
Wilfred
Wings
Woops!
Yes, Minister
Zoe, Duncan, Jack and Jane |
1742_23 | Cooking
Floyd on Fish
Television films
Clarence
Fatal Deception: Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald
In the Arms of a Killer
In the Gloaming
In the Line of Duty: The F.B.I. Murders
Stop at Nothing
Stormy Weathers
Sudie and Simpson
To Catch a Killer
Tonya and Nancy: The Inside Story
Documentaries
48 Hours
Big Cat Diary
Killing for a Living
Night Walk
Supersense
The Civil War
Wildlife on One
Sci-fi
Amazing Stories
First Wave
Roswell
Anthology
Carol & Company
Ghost Story
The Twilight Zone
Reality
America's Funniest People
America's Next Top Model
Boy Band
Cedric's Barber Battle
Extreme Makeover
Fame, Fortune and Romance
Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous
Little Big Shots
The Jamie Kennedy Experiment
Animation
2DTV
Futurama
God, the Devil and Bob
Meet the Raisins!
South Park
The Simpsons
Wallace and Gromit
Lifestyle
Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous
Children's |
1742_24 | 100 Deeds for Eddie McDowd
A Bunch of Munsch
A Miss Mallard Mystery
A Pup Named Scooby-Doo
A.J.'s Time Travelers
Aaahh!!! Real Monsters
ABC Afterschool Special
ABC Weekend Special
Ace Lightning
Ace Ventura: Pet Detective
Action Man (1995)
Action Man (2000)
ALF: The Animated Series
AlfTales
Alien
All Grown Up!
All That
Alvin and the Chipmunks
Amazing Animals
Anatole
Angela Anaconda
Angelina Ballerina
Animal Mechanicals
Animaniacs
Anne of Green Gables: The Animated Series
Aquila
Astro Boy (2003)
Avatar: The Last Airbender
Babar
Babar and the Adventures of Badou
Back at the Barnyard
Bad Dog
Bakugan Battle Brawlers
Bamboo Bears
Bananas in Pyjamas The Barbie Movies |
1742_25 | Barbie and the Rockers Specials Barney and Friends Batman Beyond Batman: The Animated Series Battletoads Beakman's World Beast Wars: Transformers Beetle Bailey Being Ian Ben & Izzy Betty's Bunch Beverly Hills Teens Beyblade Big Bad Beetleborgs Bill Nye, the Science Guy Billy the Cat Birdz Blaster's Universe Blazing Dragons Bo on the Go Bob the Builder Bobby's World Braceface Breaker High Budgie the Little Helicopter Bugs Bunny Bump in the Night Bumpety Boo Bushfire Moon Caitlin's Way Camp Candy Captain N: The Game Master The Adventures of Captain Pugwash Captain Simian & the Space Monkeys Captain Zed and the Zee Zone Caribou Kitchen Carl Squared Casper and Friends CatDog CBS Schoolbreak Special CBS Storybreak Cédric ChalkZone Channel Umptee-3 Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers Christopher Crocodile Chuck Finn Chuggington City of Friends Clang Invasion Class of the Titans Clifford the Big Red Dog Conan the Adventurer Connie the Cow Count Duckula Cousin Skeeter Cow and Chicken Crash Zone |
1742_26 | Creepschool Creepy Crawlers Crocadoo Cubeez Cubix' |
1742_27 | Danny Phantom
Darkwing Duck
Delilah and Julius
Dennis the Menace
Dex Hamilton: Alien Entomologist
Dexter's Laboratory
Diabolik
Digimon
Dinky Di's
Dino-Riders
Dinosaucers
DinoSquad
Dinozaurs
Diplodos
Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears
Doctor Snuggles
Dog City
Dog House
Donkey Kong Country
Don't Eat the Neighbours
Dot
Double Dragon
Doug
Dr Otter
Dragon Booster
DragonFlyz
Drake & Josh
Dream Street
Dreamkix
DuckTales (2017)
DuckTales
Dumb Bunnies
Dumbo's Circus
Dungeons & Dragons
Edgar and Ellen
Eekstravaganza
Eerie, Indiana: The Other Dimension
Emoji
Erky Perky
Escape of the Artful Dodger
Eugénie Sandler P.I.
Even Stevens
Extreme Dinosaurs
Extreme Ghostbusters
Fantastic Four
Fantastic Max
Fantomcat
Farmkids
Fetch the Vet
Fifi and the Flowertots
Figure It Out
Flight 29 Down
Flight Squad
Flipper and Lopaka
Flying Rhino Junior High
Fox's Peter Pan and the Pirates
Fraggle Rock
Frankenstein's Cat
Franklin
Franny's Feet |
1742_28 | Freakazoid!
Funky Valley
F-Zero
G.I. Joe Extreme
G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero
G2G
Gadget Boy & Heather
Garfield and Friends
Garfield television specials
Gargoyles
Gaspard and Lisa
Genie in the House
George and Martha
George Shrinks
Gerry Anderson's New Captain Scarlet' |
1742_29 | Goof Troop Goosebumps Gordon the Garden Gnome Grossology Groundling Marsh Guess with Jess Gullah Gullah Island Gypsy Girl Hairy Scary Hallo Spencer Hammerman Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child Happy Ness: Secret of the Loch Harveytoons Heathcliff and the Catillac Cats Henry's Cat Hey Arnold! Hi-5 Hills End Hilltop Hospital Hollywood 7 Homestar Runner Horrid Henry Horseland Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling Huntik: Secrets & Seekers My Best Friend is an Alien Inspector Gadget Inspector Gadget's Field Trip Inuk Invader Zim Iron Man Jack Hanna's Animal Adventures Jackie Chan Adventures Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks James Bond Jr. Jane and the Dragon Jay Jay the Jet Plane Jim Henson's The Hoobs Jimbo and the Jet Set Johnny Bravo Johnson and Friends Jonny Quest Journey to the Heart of the World Journey to the West – Legends of the Monkey King Jumanji Just Jordan KaBlam! Katie and Orbie Kenan and Kel Kerching! Ketchup: Cats Who Cook Kid vs. Kat Kidsongs Kikoriki King |
1742_30 | Arthur Kipper Kong: The Animated Series L.A. 7 Lapitch the Little Shoemaker Legend of the Dragon Legends of the Hidden Temple Liberty's Kids Life with Louie Lifeboat Luke Looney Tunes Movies Little Bear Little Grey Rabbit Little Monsters Little Princess Little Red Tractor Little Rosey Little Shop Little Wizards Lizzie McGuire Looney Tunes Lunar Jim M.A.S.K. Madeline Maggie and the Ferocious Beast Magilla Gorilla Maisy Make Way for Noddy Marsupilami Martha Speaks Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action! Maxie's World Maya the Bee McGee and Me! Meg and Mog Men in Black: The Series Metajets Mew Mew Power Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Mona the Vampire Monchhichis Monster Allergy Monster by Mistake Monster Farm Monster Ranchers Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm Mother Goose and Grimm Motorcity Mousercise Mr. Bogus Mr. Meaty Mummies Alive! Mummy Nanny Muppet Babies My Friend Rabbit My Goldfish is Evil My Little Pony My Little Pony Tales Mythic Warriors: Guardians of |
1742_31 | the Legend Nanook's Great Hunt Naturally Sadie Ned's Declassified School Survival Guidemi |
1742_32 | Nelvana Specials New Kids on the Block Noah's Island Noddy in Toyland Noozles Ōban Star-Racers Octonauts Old Bear Stories Oscar and Friends Outriders OWL/TV Paddington Bear Specials Paddington Bear Pat and Stan Peanuts Specials Peanuts Pearlie Pelswick Pigeon Street Piggsburg Pigs! Pinky and the Brain Pippi Longstocking Pirates of Dark Water Pixel Pinkie Pocket Dragon Adventures Poddington Peas Pokemon Poko Pole Position Poochini Poppets Town PopPixie Pororo The Little Penguin Postman Pat Special Delivery Service Postman Pat Potamus Park Potterton Films Pound Puppies Power Rangers: Dino Thunder Power Rangers: Ninja Storm Preston Pig Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders Princess Sissi Princess Tenko Project G.e.e.K.e.R. ProStars Pucca Pugwall Pugwall's Summer Rambo: The Force of Freedom Raw Toonage Ready or Not Redwall Renford Rejects Rescue Heroes Rimba's Island Ring Raiders Ripley's Believe It or Not Road Rovers Road to Avonlea Roary the Racing Car RoboCop: The Animated Series |
1742_33 | Rock 'n Cop Rocket Power Rocko's Modern Life Rocky and the Dodos RollBots Roswell Conspiracies: Aliens, Myths and Legends Ruby Gloom Rude Dog and the Dweebs Rugrats Rupert Saban's Adventures of Oliver Twist Saban's Adventures of the Little Mermaid Saban's Gulliver's Travels Saber Rider and the Star Sheriffs Scaredy Camp Scaredy Squirrel Science Court Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! Sea Princesses Serious Amazon Serious Jungle Seven Little Monsters Shadow Raiders Sharky & George Sheep in the Big City Shelldon Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century SheZow Shoebox Zoo Silver Surfer Sitting Ducks Sky Dancers Sky Trackers Skyland Slim Pig Slimer! And the Real Ghostbusters Sonic Underground Sooty Spartakus and the Sun Beneath the Sea Spectacular Spider-Man Speed Racer: The Next Generation Spellbinder Spider-Man Spider-Man Unlimited Spiral Zone Splicedz |
1742_34 | Sport Billy The Adventures of Spot Star Trek: The Animated Series Star Wars: Droids Star Wars: Ewoks Starcom: The U.S. Space Force Static Shock Stickin' Around Storybook World Strawberry Shortcake Street Sharks Sunkist Kids Super Mario Bros. Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! Superbook Superman: The Animated Series Supernormal Swamp Thing Sylvanian Families Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries TaleSpin Taz-Mania Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003)
Teletubbies The Addams Family (1992) |
1742_35 | The Adventures of Grady Greenspace The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius The Adventures of Pete and Pete The Adventures of Raggedy Ann and Andy The Adventures of Sam & Max: Freelance Police The Adventures of Teddy Ruxpin The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers The Adventures of Tintin The Amanda Show The Angry Beavers The Animal Shelf The Avengers: United They Stand The Beeps The Berenstain Bears The Biz The Brothers Garcia The California Raisin Show The Care Bears The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show The Chipmunks Go to the Movies The Country Mouse and the City Mouse Adventures The Dreamstone The Elephant Show The Fairly OddParents! The Fairytaler The Famous Five
The Flintstone Kids The Flintstones The Flying House The Forgotten Toys The Further Adventures of SuperTed The Future is Wild The Genie From Down Under The Get Along Gang The Haunted School The Hydronauts The Incredible Hulk (1982)
The Incredible Hulk (1996) |
1742_36 | The Jetsons The Journey of Allen Strange The Karate Kid The Kids from Room 402 The Kids of Degrassi Street The Lampies The Little Flying Bears The Little Lulu Show The Little Mermaid The Magic Box The Magic School Bus The Magician's House The Mask: Animated Series The Mickey Mouse Club The Mighty Jungle The Miraculous Mellops The Mouse and the Monster The Mouse Factory The Mr. Men Show The Mummy: The Animated Series The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo The Mystic Knights of Tir Na NOg The Neverending Story The New Addams Family The New Adventures of Ocean Girl The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh The New Adventures of Zorro (1997) |
1742_37 | The New Archies The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries The New Woody Woodpecker Show The Paz Show The Pink Panther The Pinky and Perky Show The Prince of Atlantis The Real Ghostbusters The Ren & Stimpy Show The Rosey and Buddy Show The Save-Ums! The Secret Files of the Spy Dogs The Secret Series The Secret World of Benjamin Bear The Silver Brumby The Smurfs The Telebugs The Tick The Toothbrush Family The Transformers The Trap Door The Wacky World of Tex Avery The Wayne Manifesto The Wiggles The Wild Thornberrys The Wizard of Oz The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss The Wuzzles The Zack Files The Zeta Project Theodore Tugboat Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends Thunderbirds Tiny Toon Adventures Toad Patrol Toonsylvania Towser Toxic Crusaders Tracey McBean Twinkle, the Dream Being Twipsy Ultimate Book of Spells Underground Ernie Unfabulous Van Pires Video Power Voltron: The Third Dimension W.I.T.C.H. Wake, Rattle and Roll Walter Melon Watership Down Waynehead We All |
1742_38 | Have Tales Weird-Oh's Westward Ho! What About Mimi? What-a-Mess What's With Andy? Where's Wally?: The Animated Series Wide-Eye Widget the World Watcher Wiggly Park WildC.A.T.S. Wildfire Willa's Wild Life Wish Kid Wishbone Wonder Why? Worzel Gummidge Down Under Wowser Wunschpunsch Xcalibur X-DuckX X-Men Yakkity Yak Yippee, Yappee and Yahooey Yvon of the Yukon Zak Tales Zoboomafoo Zoobilee Zoo Z-Squad Talk shows |
1742_39 | The Ellen DeGeneres Show The Phil Donahue Show Sketch shows
Smack the Pony Western
Lonesome Dove News and current affairs
Eye to Eye with Connie Chung Entertainment
An Audience with Billy Connolly Education
Beyond 2000 Awards Shows
Academy Awards Specials
Adele One Night Only Friends: The Reunion Oprah with Meghan and HarryLocally produced programming
Present |
1742_40 | Past
Awards and live showsAfrica Magic Viewers Choice Awards also known as the AMVCAs. Channel O Music Video Awards also known as the CHOMVAs.Miss South AfricaM-Net Literary Awards"Big Brother Mzansi" the South African version of Big Brother''.
"Big Brother Africa" Continental
"Idols South Africa"
"Power Couple South Africa"
"The Voice South Africa"
See also
DStv
GOtv
MultiChoice
Africa Magic
SuperSport
References
External links
M-Net Channel Website
DStv Channel Website
Television stations in South Africa
English-language television stations in South Africa
Television channels and stations established in 1986
Mass media in Johannesburg
Television stations in Africa |
1743_0 | USFS Brant was an American fishery patrol vessel that operated in the waters of the Territory of Alaska and off Washington, California, and Mexico. She was part of the United States Bureau of Fisheries (BOF) fleet from 1926 to 1940. She then served as US FWS Brant (FWS 523) in the fleet of the Fish and Wildlife Service from 1940 to 1953. She then operated commercially until she sank in 1960.
Bureau of Fisheries |
1743_1 | Construction and characteristics
Coolidge & H. C. Hanson designed Brant for U.S. Bureau of Fisheries fishery patrol service in the Territory of Alaska with an emphasis on the seaworthiness necessary to operate in the exposed waters there. Kruse & Banks constructed her at North Bend, Oregon, and launched her on 3 June 1926. At in length, she was the largest vessel ever to serve in the BOF fleet at the time. She was built of fir and old-growth Port Orford cedar and was of heavy construction. She had a six-cylinder direct-reversible Union full diesel engine for propulsion, and a Union gasoline engine powered her air compressor, bilge pump, and electric generator. She had a modern electrical system that included a 110-volt type A4H 150-ampere-hour Edison nickel-iron-alkaline storage battery, a radio, and an Allan Cunningham anchor windlass. She had accommodations for a crew of nine and up to six passengers.
Operational history |
1743_2 | In early July 1926, Brant departed Seattle, Washington, bound for the Territory of Alaska carrying the Commissioner of Fisheries, Henry O'Malley, and Congressman Milton W. Shreve from Pennsylvania's 29th Congressional District; they spent several weeks inspecting Alaska fisheries. After finishing her summer duties in Alaska, she proceeded to San Pedro, California, and spent the winter of 1926–1927 conducting fishery patrols off California and Mexico, encountering severe storms and suffering a broken propeller blade. At one point in 1926, she found herself disabled off the Columbia River Bar on the Oregon-Washington border and sent out a distress signal; a United States Coast Guard cutter responded and towed her to safety. |
1743_3 | Brant returned to Alaska in March 1927 and established her annual pattern of operations, which involved patrols in Southeast and Southcentral Alaska and occasional operations as far west as Kodiak Island. She often provided transportation for BOF agents and other BOF employees from Seattle to Alaska and between ports and BOF stations in Alaska. She also regularly conducted general fisheries supervisory work. She usually spent winters at Seattle, where she underwent offseason repairs, overhauls, and renovations. By 1928, her pilothouse had undergone extensive modifications. |
1743_4 | Brant′s operations changed over time as her responsibilities evolved. During the late 1920s and early 1930s, she conducted patrols each spring off Neah Bay and Cape Flattery on the coast of Washington to protect populations of sea otters and fur seals during their annual northward migration. On 30 June 1929, she departed Seattle with Commissioner O'Malley aboard for a two-month inspection of fisheries in Alaska and of fur sealing operations on the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea. Over the winter of 1933–1934, she was among several BOF vessels that underwent extensive renovations at Seattle funded by a US$20,000 appropriation by the Public Works Administration. During the mid- and late 1930s, she operated each autumn in Southeast Alaska, patrolling to protect the local fisheries and conducting surveys of salmon spawning streams. |
1743_5 | On 15 July 1938, Brant ran aground on Williams Reef in the Kodiak Archipelago from Kodiak and suffered heavy damage. Two United States Navy seaplane tenders, and , arrived to render assistance and succeeded in refloating her. Teal then towed her southward and passed the tow to the U.S. Coast Guard cutter , which towed her the rest of the way to Ketchikan, Territory of Alaska. The BOF fishery patrol vessel then towed her to Seattle, where she underwent extensive repairs. |
1743_6 | With her repairs complete, Brant departed Seattle on 4 January 1939 and proceeded to Juneau, Territory of Alaska, where she spent three months providing services in support of the biennial session of the Alaska territorial legislature. While she was at Juneau, she spent two weeks in February 1939 assisting in the search for a Marine Airways passenger plane with six people on board that had been reported missing during a 12 February 1939 flight from Ketchikan to Juneau. In March 1939, she transported several Civilian Conservation Corps workers from Juneau to Little Port Walter at Port Walter, Territory of Alaska.
In his annual report on fisheries in 1939, the chief of the BOF's Division of Alaska Fisheries, Ward T. Bower, referred to Brant as the "flagship of the patrol fleet."
Fish and Wildlife Service |
1743_7 | In 1939, the BOF was transferred from the United States Department of Commerce to the United States Department of the Interior, and on 30 June 1940, it was merged with the Interior Department's Division of Biological Survey to form the new Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), an element of the Interior Department destined to become the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as part of a major reorganization in 1956. The vessel thus became part of the FWS fleet as US FWS Brant (FWS 523). |
1743_8 | As late as 1947, Brant remained in use in the FWS fleet as a base of operations for surveying streams; in this role, she served as the mother ship for small FWS skiffs powered by outboard motors which operated in shallow water both to identify obstructions in streams that could interfere with the spawning journeys of salmon and to transport FWS personnel to and from shore. In the 1950s her original engine was replaced by a new Union diesel engine manufactured at Oakland, California, in 1951 which on average consumed of diesel fuel a day, and her fuel tanks had a capacity of . By that time, her main engine and propeller controls were located in her engine room, as were fire and bilge pumps and a battery bank.
Brants United States Government career ended in 1953, when the FWS sold her to the Foss Launch and Tug Company.
Later career |
1743_9 | The Foss Launch and Tug Company based Brant at Los Angeles, California, registering her as a towing vessel and tug. By August 1955, she was laid up at the Craig shipyards in Long Beach, California. In 1959, Foss sold her to Joseph and Bernedee Rose of Los Angeles. The Roses adapted Brant for use as an oil exploration survey vessel.
Loss |
1743_10 | On the morning of 8 May 1960, Brant was underway to an oil exploration survey location off Point Conception, California. When her engineer on watch checked her engine room at 06:30, all appeared normal, but soon thereafter a fire broke out in the engine room. Brant′s crew attempted to douse the fire using a fire hose and at first appeared to be bringing the fire under control, but seawater from the fire hose stopped the fire pump driving water through the hose. Brants ventilation cowls on deck were trained forward and directed fresh air into the engine room, fanning the flames after the fire pump failed. The crew donned life jackets and launched a skiff equipped with an outboard motor in case they had to abandon ship. They were unable to stop Brant, because the fire made it impossible for them to reach her engine controls in the burning engine room, but they did attempt to set Brant on a course toward the shore so that she would beach herself. Finally, with the fire again out of |
1743_11 | control and no means left aboard to fight it, Brants captain feared that she might explode and ordered her crew to abandon ship, and they hurriedly jumped overboard. With her engine still running, the unmanned Brant began circling, endangering the men in the water, although her entire crew of eight was rescued by small vessels in the vicinity and survived uninjured. |
1743_12 | At 08:33, the U.S. Coast Guard cutter USCGC Cape Sable arrived on the scene to find Brant burning and abandoned. She sprayed firefighting foam and four streams of seawater onto the fire and succeeded in containing it but not in extinguishing it. Brant eventually was brought to a halt by plugging her main engine air intake. Several explosions occurred in Brant′s after hold where oxygen tanks were stowed, and she sank in the Pacific Ocean in of water off Point Conception at around 14:00.
At the time Brant sank, she was valued at US$40,000 and the oil exploration equipment lost with her at US$45,000. A remotely operated underwater vehicle later identified her debris field on the ocean bottom.
References |
1743_13 | Fishery protection vessels
Ships of the United States Bureau of Fisheries
Ships of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Ships built in North Bend, Oregon
1926 ships
Maritime incidents in 1926
Maritime incidents in 1938
Maritime incidents in 1960
Ship fires
Shipwrecks of the California coast |
1744_0 | Footloose is a 1984 American musical drama film directed by Herbert Ross. It tells the story of Ren McCormack (Kevin Bacon), a teenager from Chicago who moves to a small town, where he attempts to overturn the ban on dancing instituted by the efforts of a local minister (John Lithgow).
The film received mixed reviews from the critics but became a box office hit, grossing $80 million in North America, becoming the seventh highest-grossing film of 1984. The film is known for its music, with the songs "Footloose" by Kenny Loggins and "Let's Hear It for the Boy" by Deniece Williams being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. |
1744_1 | Plot
Chicago native Ren McCormack and his mother Ethel move to the small town of Beaumont to live with Ren's aunt and uncle in the rural Southwest. While attending church, Ren meets Reverend Shaw Moore, his wife Vi, and daughter Ariel. Ariel recklessly endangers her life by rebelling against Shaw's strict religious nature, greatly annoying her friends and boyfriend Chuck Cranston.
At school, Ren befriends Willard Hewitt, and learns the town council has banned dancing and rock music within the town boundary. He soon begins to fall for Ariel. After he and Chuck insult each other, Ren is challenged to a game of chicken involving tractors, which he wins when his
shoelace becomes stuck, preventing him from jumping. Distrusting Ren, Shaw forbids Ariel from seeing him after she shows interest in him. |
1744_2 | Wanting to show his friends the joy and freedom of dance, Ren drives Ariel, Willard, and her best friend Rusty to a country bar 100 miles away from Beaumont. Once there, Willard is unable to dance and gets into a jealous fight with a man who dances with Rusty. On the drive home, the gang crosses a bridge where Ariel describes how her older brother died in a car accident while driving under the influence of alcohol after a night of dancing. The accident devastated Shaw, prompting him to persuade the town council to enact strict anti-liquor, anti-drug, and anti-dance laws. Ariel begins to defy Shaw's authority at home. Ren decides to challenge the anti-dancing ordinance so that the high school can hold a senior prom. |
1744_3 | Willard is embarrassed at his inability to dance with Rusty, leading Ren to give him private lessons after school hours. Chuck confronts Ariel about her feelings towards Ren behind the bleachers. Provoked by his insults, Ariel throws the first punch, which Chuck retaliates to with a backhand slap, knocking her to the ground. Realizing what he's done, Chuck begins to remove himself from the situation and getting back into his vehicle; however, Ariel further escalates the situation by getting a pole and starting to smash the lights of Chuck's pickup, he grabs her to prevent further damage, but she continues to fight - it is only ended by Chuck finally astride her after a scuffle with one final slap, incapacitating her and allowing him to drive away, telling her that he "was through with her anyway". Ren helps Ariel clean herself up before going home, cementing their relationship. Later that night, a brick with the words "Burn in Hell" is thrown through the window of Ren's house, causing |
1744_4 | his uncle to criticize his outspoken behavior. Ethel reveals that though Ren's actions cost her her job, he should stand up for what he feels is right. |
1744_5 | With Ariel's help, Ren goes before the town council and reads several Bible verses to cite scriptural significance of dancing as a way to rejoice, exercise, and celebrate. Although Shaw is moved, the council votes against Ren's proposal, but Vi, who supports the movement, explains to Shaw that he cannot be everyone's father and that he is hardly being one to Ariel.
Despite further discussion with Ren about his own family losses and Ariel's opening up about her own past, disclosing that she has had sexual relations, Shaw cannot bring himself to change his stance. The next day, Shaw sees members of his congregation burning library books that they claim endanger the town's youth. Realizing the situation has become uncontrollable, Shaw stops the book-burners, rebukes them, and sends them home. |
1744_6 | The following Sunday, Shaw asks his congregation to pray for the high school students putting on the prom, set up at a grain mill just outside the town limits. On prom night, Shaw and Vi listen from outside the mill, dancing for the first time in years. Chuck and his friends arrive and attack Willard; Ren arrives in time to even the odds and knocks out Chuck. Ren, Ariel, Willard, and Rusty rejoin the party and happily dance the night away.
Cast
Kevin Bacon as Ren McCormack
Lori Singer as Ariel Moore
Dianne Wiest as Vi Moore
John Lithgow as Rev. Shaw Moore
Chris Penn as Willard Hewitt
Sarah Jessica Parker as Rusty
John Laughlin as Woody
Elizabeth Gorcey as Wendy Jo
Frances Lee McCain as Ethel McCormack
Jim Youngs as Chuck Cranston
Timothy Scott as Andy Beamis
Andrea Hays as Bar Patron
Arthur Rosenberg as Wes Warnicker |
1744_7 | Production
Dean Pitchford, an Academy Award-winning lyricist for the title song for the 1980 film Fame, came up with the idea for Footloose in 1979 and teamed up with Melnick's IndieProd who set the production up at 20th Century Fox in 1981. Pitchford wrote the screenplay (his first) and most of the lyrics however, Fox put it into turnaround. In 1982, Paramount Pictures made a pay-or-play deal for the film. When negotiations with Herbert Ross initially stalled, Ron Howard was approached to direct the film but he turned it down to direct Splash instead. Michael Cimino was hired by Paramount to direct the film, his first film since Heaven's Gate.
After a month working on the film, the studio fired Cimino, who was making extravagant demands for the production, including demanding an additional $250,000 for his work, and ended up hiring Ross. |
1744_8 | Casting
Tom Cruise and Rob Lowe were both slated to play the lead. The casting directors were impressed with Cruise because of the famous underwear dance sequence in Risky Business, but he was unavailable for the part because he was filming All the Right Moves. Lowe auditioned three times and had dancing ability and the "neutral teen" look that the director wanted, but injury prevented him from taking the part. Christopher Atkins claims that he was cast as Ren, but lost the role. Bacon had been offered the main role for the Stephen King film Christine at the same time that he was asked to do the screen test for Footloose. He chose to take the gamble on the screen test. After watching his earlier film Diner, the director persuaded the producers to go with Bacon. |
1744_9 | The film also stars Lori Singer as Reverend Moore's independent daughter Ariel, a role for which Madonna and Haviland Morris also auditioned. Daryl Hannah turned down the offer to play Ariel in order to play Madison in Splash. Elizabeth McGovern turned down the role to play Deborah Gelly in Once Upon a Time in America. Melanie Griffith, Michelle Pfeiffer, Jamie Lee Curtis, Rosanna Arquette, Meg Tilly, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Heather Locklear, Meg Ryan, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Jodie Foster, Phoebe Cates, Tatum O'Neal, Bridget Fonda, Lori Loughlin, Diane Lane and Brooke Shields were all considered for the role of Ariel. Dianne Wiest appears as Vi, the Reverend's devoted yet conflicted wife.
Tracy Nelson was considered for the role of Rusty. |
1744_10 | The film features an early film appearance by Sarah Jessica Parker as Ariel's friend Rusty, for which she received a Best Young Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture Musical, Comedy, Adventure or Drama nomination at the Sixth Annual Youth in Film Awards. It was also an early role for Chris Penn as Willard Hewitt, who is taught how to dance by his friend Ren.
Filming
The film was shot at various locations in Utah County, Utah. The high school and tractor scenes were filmed in and around Payson and Payson High School. The church scenes were filmed in American Fork and the steel mill was the Geneva Steel mill in Vineyard. The drive-in scenes were filmed in Provo at what was then the "High Spot" restaurant. The restaurant closed in the late 1980s and there is now an auto parts store located at 200 N 500 W. The final sequence was filmed in Lehi with the Lehi Roller Mills featured in the final sequence. |
1744_11 | For his dance scene in the warehouse, Bacon said he had four stunt doubles: "I had a stunt double, a dance double [Peter Tramm] and two gymnastics doubles." Principal photography took place from May 9, 1983 to January 1984. |
1744_12 | Film inspiration
Footloose is loosely based on the town of Elmore City, Oklahoma. The town had banned dancing since its founding in 1898 in an attempt to decrease the amount of heavy drinking. One advocate of the dancing ban was the Reverend from the nearby town of Hennepin, F.R. Johnson. He said, "No good has ever come from a dance. If you have a dance somebody will crash it and they'll be looking for only two things - women and booze. When boys and girls hold each other, they get sexually aroused. You can believe what you want, but one thing leads to another." Because of the ban on dancing, the town never held a prom. In February 1980, the junior class of Elmore City's high school made national news when they requested permission to hold a junior prom and it was granted. The request to overturn the ban in order to hold the prom was met with a 2-2 decision from the school board when school board president Raymond Lee broke the tie with the words, "Let 'em dance." |
1744_13 | In 1981, Lynden, a small town in Washington State, passed an ordinance that banned the practice of dancing at events and locations where alcohol would be served. This incident received national attention. And since this event happened only years before Footloose was released, the local residents believe that these two things are not a coincidence.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was released in cassette, 8-track tape, vinyl, Reel To Reel and CD format. The 1984 open reel release was among the last commercial releases on the format. The soundtrack was also re-released on CD for the 15th anniversary of the film in 1999. The re-release included four new songs: "Bang Your Head (Metal Health)" by Quiet Riot, "Hurts So Good" by John Mellencamp, "Waiting for a Girl Like You" by Foreigner, and the extended 12" remix of "Dancing in the Sheets". |
1744_14 | The album includes "Footloose" and "I'm Free", both by Kenny Loggins, "Holding Out for a Hero" by Bonnie Tyler, "Girl Gets Around" by Sammy Hagar, "Never" by Australian rock band Moving Pictures, "Let's Hear It for the Boy" by Deniece Williams, "Somebody's Eyes" by Karla Bonoff, and "Dancing In The Sheets" by Shalamar, and the romantic theme, "Almost Paradise" by Mike Reno from Loverboy and Ann Wilson of Heart. Some of the songs were composed by Eric Carmen and Jim Steinman and the soundtrack went on to sell over 9 million copies in the USA.
"Footloose" and "Let's Hear It for the Boy" both hit No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and received 1985 Academy Award nominations for Best Music (Original Song). "Footloose" also received a 1985 Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Original Song – Motion Picture.
The late film composer Miles Goodman has been credited for adapting and orchestrating the film's score. |
1744_15 | They released the music from the soundtrack before the movie was released. That way the music served as advertising for the movie. The filmmakers also felt that songs produced a stronger emotional response if you were already familiar with them, which heightened the experience of watching the movie. The music video for the song Footloose had scenes from the movie, rather than video of the singer.
Reception |
1744_16 | Critical response
The film received mixed reviews from critics. Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert called it "a seriously confused movie that tries to do three things, and does all of them badly. It wants to tell the story of a conflict in a town, it wants to introduce some flashy teenage characters, and part of the time it wants to be a music video." Dave Denby in New York rechristened the film "Schlockdance", writing: "Footloose may be a hit, but it's trash - high powered fodder for the teen market... The only person to come out of the film better off is the smooth-cheeked, pug-nosed Bacon, who gives a cocky but likeable Mr. Cool performance."
Jane Lamacraft reassessed the film for Sight and Sound "Forgotten pleasures of the multiplex" feature in 2010, writing "Nearly three decades on, Bacon's vest-clad set-piece dance in a flour mill looks cheesily 1980s, but the rest of Ross's drama wears its age well, real song-and-dance joy for the pre-Glee generation." |
1744_17 | On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 52% based on 44 reviews, with an average rating of 5.80/10. The consensus reads, "There's not much dancing, but what's there is great. The rest of the time, Footloose is a nice hunk of trashy teenage cheese." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 42 out of 100 based on 12 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Box office
The film grossed $80,035,403 domestically. It became the seventh highest-grossing film of 1984.
Accolades
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs
"Footloose" – #96
Musical adaptation
In 1998, a musical version of Footloose premiered. Featuring many of the songs from the film, the show has been presented on London's West End, on Broadway, and elsewhere. The musical is generally faithful to the film version, with some slight differences in the story and characters.
Remake |
1744_18 | Paramount announced plans to fast-track a musical remake of Footloose. The remake was written and directed by Craig Brewer. Filming started in September 2010. It was budgeted at $25 million. It was released October 14, 2011.
References
External links
Footloose at The Numbers
Footloose Review, history and filming locations |
1744_19 | 1984 films
1984 romantic drama films
1980s coming-of-age drama films
1980s dance films
1980s high school films
1980s musical drama films
1980s romantic musical films
1980s teen drama films
1980s teen romance films
American coming-of-age drama films
American dance films
American films
American high school films
American musical drama films
American romantic drama films
American romantic musical films
American teen drama films
American teen musical films
American teen romance films
Coming-of-age romance films
English-language films
Films about proms
Films adapted into plays
Films directed by Herbert Ross
Films set in Oklahoma
Films shot in Utah
Paramount Pictures films |
1745_0 | Bryant Charles Gumbel (born September 29, 1948) is an American television journalist and sportscaster, best known for his 15 years as co-host of NBC's Today. He is the younger brother of sportscaster Greg Gumbel. Since 1995, he has hosted HBO's acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel, which has been rated as "flat out TV's best sports program" by the Los Angeles Times. It won a Peabody Award in 2012.
Gumbel was hired by NBC Sports in the fall of 1975 as co-host of its National Football League pre-game show GrandStand with Jack Buck. From 1975 until January 1982 (when he left to do The Today Show), he hosted numerous sporting events for NBC including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League. He returned to sportscasting for NBC when he hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Seoul and the PGA Tour in 1990. |
1745_1 | NBC News made Gumbel the principal anchor of Today beginning September 27, 1982, and broadcast from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and much of the United States followed between 1984 and 1989. Gumbel's work on Today earned him several Emmys and a large fanbase. He is the third longest serving co-host of Today, after former hosts Matt Lauer and Katie Couric. He stepped down from the show on January 3, 1997, after 15 years.
Gumbel moved to CBS, where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network's morning show The Early Show on November 1, 1999. Gumbel was hosting The Early Show on the morning of September 11, 2001. He was the first to announce the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers. Gumbel left CBS and The Early Show on May 17, 2002.
Early life and education |
1745_2 | Gumbel was born in New Orleans. He is the son of Rhea Alice (née LeCesne), a city clerk, and Richard Dunbar Gumbel, a judge. His surname originates with his great-great-grandfather, who was a German-Jewish emigrant from the village of Albisheim. Raised Catholic, he attended and graduated from De La Salle Institute in Chicago, while growing up on the South Side of the city; his family had moved north when he was a child. He graduated from Bates College in 1970 with a degree in Russian history.
Career
In 1971, he became editor of Black Sports Magazine, leaving the following year. He began his television career in October 1972, when he was made a sportscaster for KNBC-TV in Los Angeles.
NBC |
1745_3 | NBC Sports
Already a local evening news sports anchor for KNBC, in Los Angeles, Gumbel was hired by NBC Sports in the fall of 1975 as co-host of its National Football League pre-game show GrandStand with Jack Buck. From 1975 until January 1982 (when he left to do The Today Show), he hosted numerous sporting events for NBC including Major League Baseball, college basketball and the National Football League. He returned to sportscasting for NBC when he hosted the prime time coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics from Seoul and the PGA Tour in 1990.
One of Gumbel's more memorable moments during his time at NBC Sports occurred when he was on-site for the "Epic in Miami" NFL playoff game between the San Diego Chargers and Miami Dolphins. At the end of the game, he told the viewers, "If you didn't like this football game then you don't like football!" This would be one of his final assignments for NBC Sports, as he began co-hosting Today two days later. |
1745_4 | Today
Gumbel began his affiliation with Today as the program's chief sports reporter contributing twice-weekly features to the program, including a regular series entitled "Sportsman of the Week," featuring up-and-coming athletes. In June 1981, NBC announced that Tom Brokaw would depart Today to anchor the NBC Nightly News with Roger Mudd beginning in the spring of 1982. The search for Brokaw's replacement was on, and the initial candidates were all NBC News correspondents, including John Palmer, Chris Wallace, Bob Kur, Bob Jamieson, and Jessica Savitch. The candidates auditioned for Brokaw's job throughout the summer of 1981 when he was on vacation. Gumbel became a candidate for the job just by chance when he served as a last-minute substitute for Today co-anchor Jane Pauley in August 1981. He so impressed executive producer Steve Friedman and other NBC executives that he quickly became a top contender for the Today anchor position. |
1745_5 | While Friedman and other NBC executives favored Gumbel as Brokaw's replacement, another contingent within the NBC News division felt strongly that he should be replaced by a fellow news correspondent, not a sports reporter. Wallace was the favored candidate of then-NBC News president Bill Small. NBC News decided to split the difference, selecting Gumbel as the program's anchor and Wallace as the Washington-based anchor. Pauley would remain co-anchor in New York. Brokaw signed off of Today on December 18, 1981, and Gumbel replaced him on January 4, 1982. |
1745_6 | The Gumbel–Pauley–Wallace arrangement, known internally as the "Mod Squad", lasted only nine months. It was an arrangement that proved intriguing on paper but unwieldy on television. Gumbel served as the show's traffic cop, opening and closing the program and conducting New York-based interviews, but Pauley and Wallace handled newsreading duties, and Wallace conducted all Washington-based hard news interviews. With ABC's Good Morning America in first place and expanding its lead, NBC News made Gumbel the principal anchor of Today beginning September 27, 1982, with Pauley as his co-anchor. Wallace became the chief White House correspondent covering President Ronald Reagan, and John Palmer, previously a White House correspondent, became Today'''s New York-based news anchor. |
1745_7 | Gumbel and Pauley had a challenging first two years together as Today anchors as they sought to find a rhythm as a team. Good Morning America solidified its lead over Today in the ratings during the summer of 1983, and Pauley's departure for maternity leave sent Today into a ratings tailspin. But when she returned in February 1984, they began to work well together as a team. NBC took Today on the road in the fall of '84, sending Gumbel to the Soviet Union for an unprecedented series of live broadcasts from Moscow. He won plaudits for his performance, erasing any doubts about his hard-news capabilities. That trip began a whirlwind period of travel for Today. Remote broadcasts from Vietnam, Vatican City, Europe, South America, and much of the United States followed between 1984 and 1989. Today began to regain its old ratings dominance against Good Morning America throughout 1985, and by early 1986, the NBC program was once again atop the ratings. |
1745_8 | In 1989, Gumbel, who was already known for his strong management style as Today anchor, wrote a memo to the executive producer Marty Ryan, on Ryan's request, critiquing the program and identifying its shortcomings. Many of his criticisms were directed at fellow Today staffers. It was leaked to the press. In the memo, Gumbel commented that Willard Scott "holds the show hostage to his assortment of whims, wishes, birthdays and bad taste ... this guy is killing us and no one's even trying to rein him in". He commented that Gene Shalit's movie reviews "are often late and his interviews aren't very good."
There was enough negative backlash in regard to Gumbel's comments toward Scott that he was shown making up with Scott on Today. |
1745_9 | Following Pauley's departure from Today in December 1989, Gumbel was joined by Deborah Norville in a short-lived partnership that lasted just over a year. Today dropped to second place in the ratings during this period as a result of intensely negative publicity surrounding Norville's replacement of Pauley, and Gumbel's feud with Scott. Norville was replaced by Katie Couric in April 1991, and the Gumbel-Couric team helped refocus Today as the morning news program on public affairs during the 1992 presidential campaign. The program returned to first place in the ratings in December 1995.
Gumbel's work on Today earned him several Emmys and a large group of fans. He is the third longest serving co-host of Today, after Matt Lauer and Couric. He stepped down from the show on January 3, 1997, after 15 years.
Since his departure, Gumbel has made occasional appearances on Today. He appeared for the show's 60th anniversary and hosted with Lauer and Pauley on December 30, 2013. |
1745_10 | CBS
Public Eye with Bryant Gumbel
After 15 years on Today, Gumbel moved to CBS to host a new prime time news-magazine called Public Eye with Bryant Gumbel during the 1997–1998 television season. The episode "The Reckoning" won a Peabody Award in 1998. It lasted just one season before being cancelled. It aired on Wednesday nights at 9pm ET before moving to Tuesdays at 9pm ET.Richard Huff, "With 'eye' toward ratings, CBS replaces Gumbel exec", New York Daily News, February 6, 1998.
The Early Show
After leaving the Today and Dateline NBC in 1997, Gumbel moved to CBS, where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network's morning show The Early Show on November 1, 1999. Gumbel left The Early Show (and CBS that same year) on May 17, 2002. Gumbel was hosting The Early Show on the morning of September 11, 2001. He was the first to announce the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers. |
1745_11 | In the spring and summer of 2010, he served as a special guest moderator of ABC's The View for multiple days.
Boy Scouts Incident
A CBS camera caught a disgusted Gumbel blurting out "What a f-ing idiot" just after he had finished a hostile interview with Robert Knight of the Family Research Council (FRC). The incident occurred at about 7:15 a.m. ET on Thursday, June 29, 2000, following Knight's appearance to defend the Boy Scout policy of excluding gays from being leaders. The Media Research Center reported that he uttered those words; Gumbel openly admitted to saying so when guest-hosting a June 2007 episode of Live with Regis and Kelly. |
1745_12 | Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel
Gumbel has concentrated most of his energy recently on his duties as host of HBO's acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel (a show that he has hosted since 1995). HBO's web page claims that Real Sports has been described as "flat out—TV's best sports program" by the Los Angeles Times. It won a Peabody Award in 2012.
Notable remarks
In February 2006, Gumbel made remarks that some viewed as "reverse racism" regarding the Winter Olympics and the lack of African-American participation, and others considered important sports journalism commentary.
On the August 15, 2006, episode of Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel, Gumbel made the following remarks about former NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue and Players' Union president Gene Upshaw and directed these comments to new commissioner Roger Goodell:
In response, Tagliabue said: |
1745_13 | On the October 18, 2011, Gumbel evoked slavery in his criticism of NBA Commissioner David Stern over the league's lockout.
In a Rolling Stone article dated January 20, 2015, Gumbel said: "There are a few things I hate more than the (National Rifle Association). I mean truly. I think they're pigs. I think they don't care about human life. I think they are a curse upon the American landscape. So we got that on the record."
The Weather Man
Gumbel made a cameo appearance alongside Nicolas Cage and Michael Caine in The Weather Man, a film directed by Gore Verbinski. In it, he cohosts a morning show entitled Hello America, for which Cage's character, a depressed weatherman, auditions.
Seinfeld
Gumbel made a cameo appearance on the NBC sitcom Seinfeld during which he interviewed Jerry Seinfeld on Today while Jerry was wearing the puffy pirate shirt in the episode "The Puffy Shirt". |
1745_14 | The Nanny
Gumbel made a cameo appearance on the sitcom The Nanny during which he gives Fran Fine an audition for a job in television in the episode "Fair Weather Fran".
NFL Network |
1745_15 | In April 2006, NFL Network announced that Gumbel, along with Cris Collinsworth and Dick Vermeil, would comment on its new package of NFL games. Unlike his brother Greg, he had never called play-by-play for live sporting events in his career.Sports Media Watch presents the ten worst personnel moves of the 2000s. #6: Bryant Gumbel calls NFL games (2006–08, NFL Network) Before his first game commentary for the network, his status was brought into question after he stirred up controversy in his closing remarks on his HBO program on August 15, 2006, in which he criticized NFL Players Association head Gene Upshaw and outgoing NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue. He would later reconcile with the NFL and retained his play-by-play job with the NFL Network. On December 29, 2007, he had a reunion of sorts as he called the Patriots-Giants game on the NFL Network, CBS, and NBC. This is the first three-network simulcast NFL game and, coincidentally, he has worked for all three networks during his |
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