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158_4 | An innocent but eccentric mushroom forager, Dr Harper, is caught trespassing on the property and senses early on that things may not be as they seem at the estate. He begins retrieving fetal corpses wrapped like cocoons from the estate grounds and realizes the Null family are actually sadistic vampires. Sensing his cover might be blown, Peter Null attacks Harper with his slimy tongue to disable him prior to wrapping him in a cocoon. Katrina then realizes the reality of the family's intentions and that her child's life is endangered. Katrina is then kept prisoner in the house with chains and drugs, preventing any possible escape. During a struggle, Peter Null, who by this time refers to the baby as his "property", senses Katrina's intentions to escape and knocks her over the head with an axe; while Katrina is temporarily disabled, he proceeds to feed on her blood. Upon awakening, Katrina uses the axe to cut off her hand in desperation and escapes the house, but is caught by Peter Null, |
158_5 | briefly prior to Cupid appearing with the axe. Five years later, Cupid is seen with a young girl, implying that the child was born and became heir to the Null estate. |
158_6 | Cast
Production |
158_7 | Development |
158_8 | The film was based on a Filipino vampire legend and set in northwoods of northern Wisconsin. Co-producer Barry Poltermann had originally written another script and upon showing it to friend Frank L. Anderson, was advised they needed to "do something crazy that was going to break through and get attention", with Anderson believing that the script would amount to a "by-the-numbers" horror film. Anderson had grown up in the Philippines and told both Poltermann and co-director and writer Wyre Martin a legend about a vampire "that would sit on rooftops and drop down its tiny thread-like tongue to suck out the blood of fetuses." Martin expressed that upon hearing about the legend, was surprised that a film had not already been made about it. Poltermann believed the story was "totally screwed up", yet began brainstorming some ideas and had written a script within a week. When the script was read by Anderson, he thought it was "an interesting take on the myth" but was not what he envisaged or |
158_9 | expected having told the original story. |
158_10 | The limited budget of the film meant the cast and crew were unable to travel to the Philippines, so instead opted to change the story to a family that grew up in the Philippines but moved to America. Visual effects of the time meant recreating the thread-like tongue near impossible, so it was instead changed to a garden hose. |
158_11 | Martin made his production debut with the film, which first premiered on October 30, 1993 at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design. He believed it was "such an arresting story" and provided the subtext they needed, as they did not want to do a "senseless, blood-letting slasher film", although acknowledged that there was enough blood in the movie "to satisfy even the thirstiest of horror flick fans." Co-director Poltermann noted there was a sense of "let's try this, let's try that" to determine what would work and would not and that it was deliberately shot in this manner, although suggested that if he were to do another film he would "be more disciplined stylistically." |
158_12 | Filming |
158_13 | Filming took place during October and November 1992 at various locations around southeastern Wisconsin, including in Milwaukee, Lake Geneva, while some exterior shots were filmed along Wisconsin Highway 142 and Bong State Recreation Area in Kenosha County. The mansion which features in the film is supposed to be in the countryside, but was actually in the middle of downtown Whitefish Bay. The cabin and estate were owned by the Buffett family, of whom Peter Buffett was a friend of the producers. The fighting scene between the characters Katrina and Claire took place in an abandoned house that was due to be demolished. Filmmakers had not located anywhere suitable with just a week prior to shooting as owners did not want their property to be destroyed, until Poltermann's brother suggested a house that was due to be burned down in a training exercise several weeks after the scene was filmed. How the house looks in the film is as it was when the filmmakers arrived to film. The inclusion of |
158_14 | a chainsaw was a last minute decision by Martin, due to the fact that the property was empty and they needed something to "utilize that space". |
158_15 | Poltermann believed the film, shot during the autumn with leaves decomposing "had a secluded feel to it", suggesting that the movie looked like it was "set in northern Wisconsin", despite being around 30 minutes away from Milwaukee. Filming was mostly outdoors, often starting at 8am each morning and would sometimes not finish until 11pm. Some scenes, according to Poltermann, were lifted from classic fright-flicks including The Shining and Rosemary's Baby, which he referred to as "visual sampling" in paying homage to great horror movies. A mechanical rubber tongue was created which was capable of doing "lots of complicated things through the use of levers and buttons", however it developed a fault with its cabling within its first few minutes of its first scene. With only one operational cable resulting in a limp tongue on one side and being limited to just small twitches, some scenes had to be adjusted to take in to account the limited operation. Scenes with the rubber tongue were |
158_16 | shot partially as reverse motion, but also some were done with effects that required hiring an effects technician from Los Angeles for $5,000, which used up "a large part of the budget." |
158_17 | The movie cost $70,000 to film and a further $40,000 to finish it. Despite trying to originally raise $125,000, the filmmakers were only able to raise $70,000 and felt they either had to make it at that budget or not at all. The remaining $40,000 was made up from their own personal finances. Actors received $50 a day for their participation, in anticipation of a greater sum once the film was released, a typically common arrangement for low-budget films employing inexperienced assistance. |
158_18 | Casting
The cast included university student Tina Ona Paukstelis and John Kishline, as well as Victor DeLorenzo, former drummer for rock group Violent Femmes. Paukstelis, who played Katrina, reflected on how fun, but exhausting it was to film, noting that she remembered "having to run around barefoot in a nightgown in November at night in the woods", recalling how several times she injured herself but "handled it very well", according to co-star John Kishline. She auditioned for the role on the recommendation of her friend John DeLorenzo, who also was cast in the trailer. Paukstelis reflected on what was "a great experience" and believed it was a "pretty good" film, considering it was shot in just five weeks on a small budget. She considered the hardest part for her was "trying to act scared", as acting for a camera she considered more subtle than acting on stage. She was singled out by a critic as "a tough, independent heroine". |
158_19 | The casting of Norman Moses as Peter Null was described as interesting by Poltermann, as in his audition he redefined the character as one that would sing and dance, which was not envisaged by the writers. Many of his character's elements were brought by the actor himself. The remaining members of the cast were from a Milwaukee theater group called Theater X. Although the characters were written as always being nude, this was changed in the film so that they would be clothed. Actors from Theater X were chosen particularly as they were locally available and because they were risk-takers, as well as the actors thinking it would "be fun to be in a movie." John Kishline, a resident of Milwaukee and one of the founding members of the Theater X drama company, was cast as Dr Roger Harper. Kishline, who described the film as being "professionally done on a limited budget", spent most of his time on the film "ensnared from head to toe in a gooey cocoon". |
158_20 | Post production and release
Most of the cast and crew accepted deferred wage payments based on the eventual revenue the film would make. Although Martin and Poltermann planned for a direct-to-video release, they received numerous offers to run the film in theaters which would have put their movie on screens nationwide. The two producers were had concerns about choosing an appropriate distributor, as they preferred choosing one who shared their vision of the film over how much revenue they could make from it.
The film was made on a budget of around $110,000, although some sources say it was $150,000, which was expected to be made back from a video release. Profit was expected to come from overseas theatrical releases in countries such as Germany, Bulgaria and South Korea. Around 20,000 video units were produced with an expected sale price of $89 each, although Poltermann commented that he "wouldn't spend 89 dollars for it." |
158_21 | It was one of only 65 films selected to be shown at the Sundance Film Festival out of over 800 applicants and was regarded by The Daily Utah Chronicle as being "this year's most promising midnight attraction." On describing the film, Poltermann said "it was the idea that if you set out to make a cult film, you almost certainly won't", suggesting that they took an absurd premise and coupled it with equally absurd dialogue but played it out as straight and serious as was possible, noting that the film's humor comes from its absurdity. Poltermann considered the film "ridiculous and camp and over-the-top" and that both he and Martin did not take it too seriously as they wanted a film that was "ridiculous enough to be a form of escapism." It was given a rating of NC-17, adults only. |
158_22 | Reception
Upon its original release reviews by mainstream critics were mixed. TV Guide wrote that "For much of its running time, 'The Unearthing' is a gripping and unsettling journey into fear. Towards the end, however, it abandons its aura of Cronenbergian repulsion, descends into camp, and blunts the impact of its memorably unpleasant build-up". According to director Poltermann, much criticism of the film was due to its uneven tone, with some people preferring the start but not the end, while others felt the start was "a drag until stuff starts happening a third of the way through." During its screening at the Sundance Film Festival, many audience members walked out "when the blood started flying", in particular during the scene where Paukstelis' character cuts off her hand when chained up. |
158_23 | Film Threat claimed that the uncut release was "completely loaded to the teeth with nerve-wracking suspense, an atmosphere of sheer dread, stomach turning gore and just a dash of black humor. Aswang is a very effective and nightmarish film that deserves far more attention than it has garnered over the past 11 years". The New York Daily News believed the film represented a rarity, noting that it succeeded in "capturing a legit nightmare quality and visceral intensity" and suggested that fans of fright films "would be well advised to snatch this obscure winner off the shelf." Film critic Steve Murray writing for The Atlanta Constitution regarded the film as "a horror flick that's not as outrageous as it wants to be", noting the film "does have its moments". Critic Emanuel Levy reviewed the film in Variety, noting that "the production lacks shrewd humor and visual style" and suggesting that it "is more gruesome and gross than really frightening".
References
Citations
Sources |
158_24 | External links
1994 films
1990s monster movies
1994 independent films
American films
1994 horror films
American vampire films
Philippine monster movies
American independent films
1990s supernatural films
English-language films
Films set in Wisconsin
Films shot in Wisconsin
Films based on Asian myths and legends
Asian-American horror films
Filipino-American films |
159_0 | Twrch Trwyth (; also Trwyd, Troynt (MSS.HK); Troit (MSS.C1 D G Q); or Terit (MSS. C2 L)) is an enchanted wild boar in the Matter of Britain great story cycle that King Arthur or his men pursued with the aid of Arthur's dog Cavall (, ).
The names of the hound and boar are glimpsed in a piece of geographical onomasticon composed in Latin in the ninth century, the Historia Brittonum. However, a richly elaborate account of the great hunt appears in the Welsh prose romance Culhwch and Olwen, probably written around 1100. A passing reference to Twrch Trwyth also occurs in the elegy Gwarchan Cynfelyn preserved in the Book of Aneirin.
The name in Welsh can be construed to mean "the boar Trwyth", and may have its analogue in the boar Triath of Irish mythology (see #Etymology and Irish cognate below). |
159_1 | Historia Brittonum
The earliest reference to the boar Trwyth occurs in the tract De Mirabilibus Britanniae (or Mirabilia in shorthand), variously titled in English as "Wonders of Britain". The Mirabilia is believed to be near-contemporaneous to Nennius' ninth-century Historia Brittonum and is found appended to it in many extant manuscripts. It gives a list of marvels around Britain, one of them being the footprint left in rock by Arthur's dog Cavall (here Latinized as Cabal), made while chasing the great boar (here called Troynt):
Culhwch and Olwen
Twrch is named as the son of Prince Tared (or Taredd Wledig), cursed into the form of a wild creature; he has poisonous bristles, and carries a pair of scissors, a comb and a razor on his head between his ears. In French romances such as by Chrétien de Troyes, Ares is the father of a knight called Tor. Some scholars consider that Tor son of Ares is the Twrch son of Tared of Culhwch and Olwen and that the authentic name is probably Ares. |
159_2 | Culhwch is given the task by Ysbaddaden, the giant whose daughter Olwen Culhwch seeks, of obtaining the comb and scissors from Twrch's head. Later in the story it transpires there is also a razor secreted there. These implements are then to be used to cut and treat Ysbaddaden's hair (most of the tasks on the giant's long list are ultimately to do with this ceremony of hair-cutting). Further, Ysbaddaden states that the only hound who can hunt Twrch is Drudwyn, the whelp of Greid, and then goes on to list the requirements of the leash to hold Drudwyn, the only man strong enough to hold the leash. Ultimately Ysbaddaden calls on Culhwch to seek out Arthur, Culhwch's cousin, to help him hunt Twrch. |
159_3 | Prior to the hunt, Menw son of Teirgwaedd is sent to verify that the comb and scissors are between Twrch's ears. He takes the form of a bird and flies to Twrch's lair, encountering the boar with seven piglets. Menw then tries to swoop down and snatch one of the implements from Twrch's scalp, but only manages to take one silver bristle; Twrch is agitated and shakes himself, scattering venom onto Menw, wounding him.
The hunt for Twrch takes up the greater portion of the latter half of Culhwch and Olwen, and it is described in great detail the geographical route of the pursuit, and those who take active part in it. Although it is Culhwch who is given the task, it is Arthur and his men who take the most prominent role in the chase, Culhwch having successfully enlisted his aid.
After causing the death of several of Arthur's troop, the boar surrenders the razor, scissors, and later the comb by force, and he is driven into the sea off Cornwall and drowned. |
159_4 | Yet another boar, Ysgithyrwyn or "White-Tusk, Chief of Boars", had to be captured for its tusk to complete the grooming of Ysbadadden.
Etymology and Irish cognate
As previously noted, the Welsh word twrch means "wild boar, hog, mole", so Twrch Trwyth means "the boar Trwyth". Its Irish cognate may be Triath, King of the Swine () or the Torc Triath mentioned in Lebor Gabála Érenn, also recorded as Old Irish Orc tréith "Triath's boar" in Sanas Cormaic. Rachel Bromwich regards the form Trwyth as a late corruption. In the early text Historia Brittonum, the boar is called Troynt or Troit, a Latinisation likely from the Welsh Trwyd. Further evidence that Trwyd was the correct form appears in a reference in a later poem. |
159_5 | Popular culture
Twrch Trwyth is the name of a Welsh traditional dance group based in Clwb Ifor Bach, Cardiff.
Y Twrch Trwyth is also the mascot of Ysgol Dyffryn Aman (formally Amman Valley Comprehensive School and Amman Valley Grammar School) in Ammanford, Carmarthenshire, South West Wales.
In the 2016 Summer event of Fate/Grand Order, Twrch Trwyth is the last boss.
See also
Henwen, a sow from Cornwall that made a run from the south end to the north tip of Wales, and bore Cath Palug
Ysgithyrwyn Chief Boar (Ysgithrwyn Pen Beidd, Yskithyrwynn Pennbeidd, "White-tusk chief of Boars")
Notes
References
(Texts of Culhwch)
(ed.,tr.)
(Geraint ab Erbin (W).. p. 4 (E)..p. 67; Kilhwch ac Olwen (W).. p. 195 (E)..p. 249)
(Revised edition 1993; Indexed 1989; first published Everyman Library 1949)
(Texts of the Mirabilia of Historia Brittonum)
(ed.)
(ed.) (Latin text of the "De Mirabilibus Britanniae", §73)
(ed., tr.)
(unable to identity author by his monogaram "R")
(Critical studies) |
159_6 | External links
Reference to Historia Britonum and notes on the Hunt
Mythological pigs
Welsh mythology
Welsh legendary creatures
Arthurian characters
Pigs in literature |
160_0 | The Family Online Safety Institute (FOSI) is an international nonprofit organization. It is registered as a 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity in the United States and a registered charity in the United Kingdom. FOSI was founded in February 2007 by Stephen Balkam, who had created the Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA). FOSI is chaired by Dave Pierce, Vice President of Public Affairs, NCTA.
Membership
The Family Online Safety Institute is a membership-based organization, members pay an annual stipend to FOSI. In turn FOSI uses this funding for its general operation and to further its goals and mission. Each of the FOSI members have a representative on the Board of Directors. |
160_1 | Full members of FOSI include prominent American and British companies. Members include
AOL,
AT&T,
Comcast,
Facebook,
France Telecom,
Entertainment Software Association,
GSM Association,
Google,
Microsoft,
National Cable & Telecommunications Association,
Nominum,
Optenet
KCOM Group,
Rulespace,
Sprint,
Streamshield,
Symantec,
T-Mobile USA,
Telefonica,
Telmex,
Time Warner Cable,
CTIA – The Wireless Association,
Verizon,
Vodafone and
Yahoo!.
Events and annual conferences
Annual conferences
2013
The Family Online Safety Institute's 2013 Annual Conference will be taking place at the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center, in Washington DC. This year’s conference, being held on November 6 and 7, will bring together the top thinkers in online safety: academics, educators, law enforcement, industry, policy makers, and non-profits.
2012 |
160_2 | FOSI's 2012 Annual Conference, "A Safer Internet For All" was held at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium in Washington, DC on November 14–15, 2012. The conference featured over 80 speakers, 20 exhibitors and more than 450 attendees from at least 14 different countries.
Notable speakers included Karen Cator, Nancy Lublin, Constance M. Yowell of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Dr. Howard J. Schaffer, and Dr. Michael Rich from the Center on Media and Child Health.
2011
FOSI's 2011 Annual Conference, "Evaluate. Innovate. Collaborate. Strategies for Safe and Healthy Online Use" was held at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium in Washington, DC on November 9–10, 2011. The conference featured over 80 speakers, 26 exhibitors and more than 450 attendees from 13 different countries.
Notable speakers included Dominican Republic Vice President Margarita Cedeño de Fernández, Dr. Edward Amoroso of AT&T, and Michael Altschul of CTIA – The Wireless Association.
2010 |
160_3 | FOSI's 2010 Annual Conference, "Internet Freedom, Safety and Citizenship: A Global Call to Action" was held at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium in Washington, DC on November 9–10, 2010. The conference had 400 attendees, 90 speakers and 31 exhibitors from 13 countries.
Notable speakers included Microsoft's Peter Cullen, Tami Erwin of Verizon Wireless, Anna M. Gomez of National Cable & Telecommunications Association, United States Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women's Issues Melanne Verveer, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission's Josh Gottheimer, and Karen Cator.
2009 |
160_4 | FOSI's 2009 Annual Conference, "Building a Culture of Responsibility: From Online Safety to Digital Citizenship," was held at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium in Washington, DC on November 4–5, 2009. The conference had 350 attendees, 80 speakers and 31 exhibitors from 15 countries. Technology writer and journalist, Larry Magid described the event as "a watershed moment in the 16-year history of online safety education." |
160_5 | 2008
FOSI's 2008 Annual Conference, "Safe at Any Speed: Online Safety Tools, Rules and Public Policies", was held at the Newseum in Washington, DC on December 11, 2008. At the conference, FOSI made a series of recommendations for the new Obama Administration and called for:
An annual White House Online Safety Summit
The creation of a United States Council for Internet Safety
An Online Safety Program to fund a range of research, educational and awareness-raising projects
A National Safety Officer within the new office of the Chief of Technology Officer (CTO) for the United States
The conference included over 300 attendees from 4 continents, 11 countries, and featured 60 speakers on 11 expert panels and 22 exhibitors.
2007
FOSI held its inaugural annual conference "Rights and Responsibility: Child Protection in a Web 2.0 World" on December 6, 2007 at the Ronald Reagan Building in Washington, D.C. The conference was covered by C-SPAN. |
160_6 | Notable speakers included Google Vice President and Chief Internal Evangelist Vint Cerf, U.S. Ambassador David Gross, U.S. Federal Communications Commission Commissioner Deborah Tate and Federal Trade Commission Chairman Deborah Platt Majoras.
Sponsors for the Conference include Verizon, AT&T, GSMA, RuleSpace, Crisp Thinking, Symantec, Google, Blue Coat, Comcast, CTIA, Microsoft, CompTIA, AOL and InternetSafety.com. |
160_7 | 2013 events
On June 24, 2013, the Family Online Safety Institute and Telstra partnered to host a forum titled Global Digital Citizenship: Encouraging Safe and Responsible Online Use. The event was held at Telstra’s head office in Melbourne, Australia, and provided the opportunity for participants to engage with other members of industry, academics, government officials, and the non-profit sector and openly discuss the issues, challenges, and opportunities that arise in online safety. In addition to sponsorship by Telstra, this event was further supported by Microsoft, Google, and the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA).
On May 15, 2013, the Family Online Safety Institute hosted its annual European Forum at Google’s EU Headquarters in Dublin, Ireland. |
160_8 | 2012 events
On September 19, 2012 FOSI hosted a roundtable discussion in London, UK to discuss the topic of "Trends in Online Safety: The Trans-Atlantic Debate and its Global Implications". Bringing together a wide range of stakeholders, from industry, law enforcement, government and civil society, this off-the-record discussion provided an opportunity for the exchange of ideas, opinions, strategies and priorities.
On August 9, 2012 FOSI and the Association for Competitive Technology hosted a panel discussion at the Rayburn House Office Building to brief lawmakers, staff, and interested parties about the FTC's amended proposed changes to the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The title of the panel was "Congressional Briefing: Apps, Ads, Kids & COPPA; Implications of the FTC’s Additional Proposed Revisions." |
160_9 | On May 15, 2012 FOSI gathered at the European Parliament Building in Brussels, Belgium for a one-day European Forum covering "Safety and Privacy in a Digital Europe." The event was designed to bring together the European Commission, Parliament, key industry players and civil society for informal discussions. Attendees included members of the European Parliament and European Commission such as Lambert van Nistelrooij, Khalil Rouhana, Christine Kormann, Seán Kelly, and Mary Honeyball. |
160_10 | On March 6–7, 2012 FOSI and ictQATAR partnered to host a two-day conference called "Promoting Online Safety and Cyber Ethics in the Middle East" in Doha, Qatar looking at key online safety issues affecting the Middle East region and discussing broader global issues. Conference highlights included discussions about the expansion of mobile phone and social media usage, a look at the role of ICT in schools and the importance of cyber ethics, and also included the presentation of Qatar’s National Cybersafety Strategy. The event included a large number of international speakers including David Gross, Fadi Salem, Larry Magid, Claudia Selli, and Luc Delany. |
160_11 | 2011 events
On February 24, 2011 FOSI hosted a joint event with Google titled "Breaking Digital Dependency: Tips for Balancing Digital Life and Real Life". The event included a lively discussion between Stephen Balkam and William Powers, author of Hamlet's Blackberry, covering a wide range of topics from Plato to Gutenberg and from the virtues of technology to its overuse. |
160_12 | On September 14, 2011 FOSI launched the results of "Who Needs Parental Controls?” a survey indicating that the majority of parents use tools and rules to control their kids’ online usage. According to the research, virtually all parents have spoken to their children about online safety and established household rules. Following a presentation of the newfound data by Hart Research associate Abigail Davenport, a panel composed of representatives from sponsor companies AT&T, Google, Microsoft and Verizon, and moderated by Adam Thierer of the Progress and Freedom Foundation, discussed the possible implications of the results. |
160_13 | On October 12, 2011 FOSI partnered with TechFreedom to host a luncheon panel at the Reserve Officers Association with a number of leading experts to discuss the Federal Trade Commission's recently proposed revisions to the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). Phyllis Marcus of the Federal Trade Commission gave opening remarks before joining a panel moderated by Berin Szoka, President of TechFreedom. The full list of panelists included: Jim Dunstan of TechFreedom, Dona Fraser of the Entertainment Software Rating Board, Kathryn Montgomery, American University, and Rebecca Newton of Mind Candy. |
160_14 | On December 23, 2011 FOSI partnered with Microsoft to host a panel discussion on "Kids, Privacy, & Online Drama" at the Microsoft Innovation and Policy Center. Here, a panel of experts came together to discuss the ways young people interact online, how they manage their privacy, and common misconceptions of adults when it comes to cyberbullying. The panelists included danah boyd and Alice Marwick of Microsoft Research, and Amanda Lenhart from the Pew Internet & American Life Project. |
160_15 | 2010 events
On May 27, 2010 FOSI held its second European Conference in Madrid, Spain titled, "Putting the Pieces Together: Building a Comprehensive Online Safety Plan". In attendance were approximately 250 people and 40 speakers from more than 12 countries; the conference was hosted by Telefonica and sponsored by AT&T, Rulespace and Nominum. |
160_16 | Topics of discussion included:
Online Responsibility and Safer ICT Use - Does the Self Regulatory Framework Promote 21st Century Citizenship?
Taking Control of Your Data - Staying Safe while Social Networking, Micro-blogging & Photo Sharing
TechTalk as aids to safety: What's Coming Down the Track?
The Collaborative Efforts of Law Enforcement, Industry and Government in Online Child Protection
How can we Better Promote the Safer Use of ICTs in Latin American Countries?
Can Parents and Carers Supervise Everything Kids do Online?
The New Breed of Location Services - Privacy and Safety Concerns for children and young people.
Future Dialogue - Alliances and Partnerships to help Families Stay Safer. |
160_17 | On April 26–28, 2010 FOSI hosted its first Gulf Conference in Manama, Bahrain. FOSI hosted the conference in partnership with the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of the Kingdom of Bahrain; there were over 250 attendees from 15 countries. The goal of the conference was a national consensus in online safety and was the first of its kind in the Gulf region. |
160_18 | 2009 events
FOSI Wireless Conference: hosted with CTIA on April 22, 2009, "Keeping Kids Safe in a Mobile Environment." The conference focused on the challenges kids face in a mobile online environment and the vital role education plays in keeping them safe. Topics included: "From Wired to Wireless: Challenges & Opportunities for Safety," "Research Update: What Kids Are Doing on Their Wireless Devices," "Technical, Privacy, and Legal Issues with Children's Safety," and "Tools for Parents: Strategies and Technologies for Wireless Kids." |
160_19 | FOSI Inaugural International Conference "Global Digital Citizenship: Encouraging Safe and Responsible Online Use" was held in Paris on September 16, 2009 to emphasize the importance of safe and responsible online use. The one-day European Conference designed to bring together key industry figures, experts, government representatives and the wider stakeholder community, to discuss how to ensure a continued and successful international push for global digital citizenship and safe and responsible online use. Generously sponsored by AT&T and supported by France Telecom, it brought together the key voices in the international Internet stakeholder community. They looked at the Western world challenges that universal broadband coverage creates for the Internet industry and how corporate responsibility is evolving to meet them. Conference sessions explored the response of industry, government and charitable to the issues that less developed nations face as they try to provide internet access |
160_20 | to their citizens. Sessions focused on digital citizenship, media literacy, privacy, technology solutions and their impact on internet safety, location-based services and wireless safety efforts, and safe online use in developing countries. |
160_21 | Throughout 2009, FOSI held a series of round-table discussions hosted with the law firm, Womble Carlyle called "Wednesdays with Winston" that started a dialogue about what is happening at the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) with regard to online safety and privacy issues.
Supported by AT&T, FOSI held a series of monthly online safety panels entitled "Online on Fridays" on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC for legislators, staffers, educators, and industry representatives. Panels covered pressing online safety issues including sexting, legislating safety, and education. |
160_22 | 2008 events
On March 20, 2008, the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, Google, and FOSI co-hosted the Washington, D.C. launch for Professor Jonathan Zittrain's book, Zittrain, a professor of Internet Law at both the Berkman Center and the Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford spoke to the over 100 attendees, which included representatives from government, NGO, and the corporate sector. Professor Larry Lessig of Stanford University also spoke to the group and Stephen Balkam of FOSI led the group in a question and answer session.
On April 7, 2008, FOSI and the National Cable & Telecommunications Association (NCTA) hosted a special screening of the PBS Frontline Documentary 'Growing Up Online'. After the screening, 'Growing Up Online' producer Rachel Dretzin and Stephen Balkam took questions from the audience. Following the question and answer session, FOSI hosted a roundtable to discuss the state of online safety education. |
160_23 | On June 12, 2008, FOSI and the Oxford Internet Institute cohosted a lecture and reception titled 'Beyond Byron—Towards a New Culture of Responsibility'. At this lecture, Dr. Tanya Byron and Professor John Palfrey of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society spoke. Dr. Byron spoke about the Byron Review, the report commissioned by Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Gordon Brown released on March 27, 2008. |
160_24 | On June 13, 2008, FOSI and the Oxford Internet Institute cohosted a roundtable titled 'Educating Rita 2.0—Effective Methods and Messages in Online Safety Education'. This was the second part in FOSI's Online Safety Education Initiative roundtable series. Being held in the UK, it allowed FOSI to hear about the European and international perspective on online safety education. Dr. Tanya Byron opened the event. Notable panelists included Robin Blake, Media Literacy Manager of the Office of Communications (OfCom) in the UK and Claudine Menashe-Jones of the Childcare Division of the Department for Children, Schools and Families of the British Government. |
160_25 | 2007 events
The official United States launch of FOSI was held on February 13, 2007 at the Kaiser Family Foundation in Washington, D.C. The event drew attendees from the government, online industry, NGOs, academics, and think tanks. Some of the attendees included Federal Communications Commission Commissioner Deborah Tate, Amanda Lenhart from Pew Internet and American Life Project (a division of the Pew Research Center), and Adam Thierer from the Progress and Freedom Foundation. The event included several welcome addresses and two roundtables, titled "The Chicken or the Egg — Which comes first: technology or public policy?" and "Educating the Lost Generation: Reaching today's parents with relevant online safety messages". The roundtables were chaired by Thierer and Anne Collier of Net Family News respectively. |
160_26 | The official European launch of FOSI was held on February 22, 2007 at the House of Commons in London. The event also drew attendees from the government, online industry, NGOs, academics, and think tanks. Home Office Minister Vernon Coaker gave a welcome speech at the event.
On June 13, 2007, FOSI held a Mexican conference in Mexico City, hosted by Telmex. Mexico's first lady Margarita Zavala was among the speakers.
On September 26, 2007, Telefonica and FOSI co-hosted several educational training workshops titled "Interactive Generations: Growing Up In a Virtual World". The events drew participants from government, industry, NGOs, and others, who all discussed their views on new technology on children and family life. The workshops, which coincided with Telefonica becoming a member of FOSI, were hosted by Arturo Canalda, the Madrid Children's Rights Ombudsman. |
160_27 | Internet Content Rating Association
In 2007, FOSI was created and subsumed the Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA) and its day-to-day operations. ICRA developed and implemented a content labeling system that allows webmasters to clearly and accurately label their websites. These labels identify content in accordance with criteria developed by an independent third party. In accordance with FOSI goals, ICRA does not serve to rate the content of websites. ICRA provides the labeling system and encourages content providers to self-rate.
Discontinuation
In October 2010, the ICRA labeling engine was discontinued by FOSI. FOSI has withdrawn all support for the ICRA rating system and taken down all documentation for labeling websites with ICRA ratings.
References
Charities based in Washington, D.C.
Organizations established in 2007 |
161_0 | Jean-Christophe Benoît (18 March 1925 – 21 February 2019) was a French baritone, who enjoyed a long career in France and francophone countries on the stage, the concert platform and radio and television. He was born in Paris into a professional musical family, and finished his career there as a teacher.
Life and career
His parents were musicians, and he began young to discover his musical talents. Attending the Paris Conservatoire, his tutors included Olivier Messiaen (harmony), Noel Gallon (counterpoint) and Gabriel Dubois (vocal studies).
Composing at this time, Benoît provided incidental music for Yves Joly's Théâtre de Marionnettes in Paris, while soon establishing a career on the stage and concert platform, his vocal style lending itself toward opéra-comique. |
161_1 | In the early 1950s Benoît began studio recording; his Mathurin being described in Opera on Record as "even at this early stage of his career Jean-Christophe Benoît's wit was readily flourished; his rustic accent is hilarious" He sang Dancaïre in Carmen in four separate studio versions.
He sang in the world premiere of Madame de ... by Jean-Michel Damase in Monte Carlo on 22 March 1970 (libretto by Jean Anouilh after the novel by Louise de Vilmorin) conducted by the composer. Frank Martin wrote Pilate for him, and it was created in Rome in 1964. He also sang in the premiere of the opera Comme il vous plaira by Pierre Hasquenoph in Strasbourg in 1982. |
161_2 | Although Benoît mainly appeared in French operatic roles at the Opéra-Comique and Opéra his repertoire was wide, ranging from Monteverdi to contemporary works, but often of music requiring dramatic effect. In September 1976 he appeared in Turandot in Geneva (with Birgit Nilsson in the title role, conducted by Giuseppe Patanè). Outside France he appeared at La Scala (Torquemada in L'Heure espagnole) and Geneva (Figaro in La Mère coupable).
In Brussels his roles included Momus in Platée (1968), Guillaume Mericy in La passion de Gilles (1983 – world premiere), Schlemil in Les Contes d'Hoffmann (1985), Baron Douphol in La Traviata (1987) and Der Baron in Der ferne Klang (1988).
From 1970 to 1990 he was a professor at the Paris Conservatoire; he was also an invited tutor at the Centre d'Art (JMC) du Mont-Orford in Quebec. |
161_3 | Recording
His many recordings include:
Mathurin (L'ivrogne corrigé) Nixa 1952
Dancaïre (Carmen), Vox 1956, HMV 1958, RCA 1963, Ariola-Eurodisc 1970
Momus (Platée) Pathé 1956
Panatellas (La Périchole) French Columbia 1958
solos (Le Bourgeois gentilhomme) SMS 1966
Coquenard (Véronique), World Record Club 1968
Le bailli (Werther) HMV 1969
Frédéric (Lakmé) EMI 1970
Barnabé (Le maître de chapelle) Barclay Inédits 1970
Orcan (Les Paladins) CBS 1972
Ali (Les Indes Galantes) CBS 1973
Le Podestat (Le Docteur Miracle) Barclay Inédits 1973
Le Brésilien, Frick and Prosper (La Vie parisienne), EMI 1975
Grenu/Le marquis (Ciboulette) EMI 1982 |
161_4 | Benoît appeared with his sister in (among others) the Lully above, and in a series of French folk and popular songs recorded in the 1950s for the Club National du disque and Ducretet-Thomson. He sang the vocal numbers on the 1973 CBS LP 'Concert à la cour d'Henri IV', with the Grande Écurie et la Chambre du Roy directed by Jean-Claude Malgoire.
He recorded Ravel's Histoires naturelles on Selmer in the 1950s, the Chansons villageoises, Le Bal masqué and Le Bestiare by Poulenc on Pathé in 1965, mélodies by Reynaldo Hahn and Au pays de la magie by Maurice Le Roux, with Georges Pludermacher, piano on Adès, 1974. Accompanied by Bernard Ringeissen, he recorded an LP of sixteen songs by József Kosma for Disques Adès in 1976.
He provided the narration for the French versions of Britten's Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra and Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf with Hans Swarowsky conducting the Pro Musica Orchester Wien. |
161_5 | He appeared in a large number of broadcasts on French radio and television, singing many French premieres, of works by Baudrier, Britten, Delerue, Nigg, Prokofiev and Semenoff. Among operatic recordings for French radio were Le Marquis de Pontcalé (in La Camargo), Ouf (L'Étoile), Gaston (Rayon des soieries), Charles Martel (Geneviève de Brabant) and Sganarelle (Le Médecin malgré lui).
Family
His mother (Léontine Benoît-Granier, died 1957) was a musician and composer, while his father Henri Benoît was a notable viola player in Paris, who was a member of the Capet Quartet in the 1920s, participating in several of their recordings during that period. His sister, Denise Benoît (1919–1973) was a popular and much recorded soprano and actress. Mother, son and daughter appeared together on record in Chants de France : Mountabo la marmite ('Bourrée d'Auvergne') on Ducretet-Thomson LPG 8 220.
References
1925 births
2019 deaths |
161_6 | French operatic baritones
20th-century French male opera singers
Singers from Paris
Conservatoire de Paris alumni |
162_0 | The Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) is a tri-service military Academy that provides military and academic education for junior officers of the Australian Defence Force in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Australian Army and Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). In 2016 the Academy began accepting civilian students in its undergraduate courses.
Tertiary education is provided by the University of New South Wales' Canberra campus, known as UNSW Canberra at ADFA, which is the awarding body for ADFA qualifications. Apart from educating future leaders of the Australian Defence Force, UNSW Canberra also provides postgraduate programs and short courses both to Department of Defence personnel and the general public.
The stated purpose of ADFA is "to serve Australia by providing the Australian Defence Force (ADF) with tertiary graduates who have the attributes, intellect and skills required of an officer". |
162_1 | ADFA is located in the suburb of Campbell, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, near the Australian Government district of Russell. It is situated next to Mount Pleasant, which gives some parts of ADFA a view over the rest of Canberra. ADFA is also adjacent to the Australian Army military academy, the Royal Military College, Duntroon.
Junior officers who attend the Australian Defence Force Academy hold the rank of Midshipman (MIDN) in the Royal Australian Navy, Officer Cadet (OCDT) in the Australian Army or Officer Cadet (OFFCDT) in the Royal Australian Air Force.
History
Establishment
After World War II, each of the three Armed Services adopted, as policy, that the educational standards should be raised for officers in training. |
162_2 | In 1967 an agreement was reached between the Department of Defence and the University of New South Wales, under which they would co-operate to develop the Royal Military College (RMC) into a degree-level institution. To that end, the University established the Faculty of Military Studies at RMC to conduct courses leading to the award of the University's degrees in arts, science and engineering.
Also in 1967, the University of New South Wales entered into an association with the RAN College enabling it to present approved courses. Subsequently, first year courses for certain University programs in arts, science and engineering were introduced. Successful cadets were sponsored by the Navy to complete bachelor's degrees on the University's campus. |
162_3 | Concurrent with the developments at the RAN College and RMC, from 1967 to 1970, Sir Leslie H. Martin chaired the Commonwealth Government's Tertiary Education (Services' Cadet Colleges) Committee into the feasibility of setting up a college for the joint education of officer cadets of the three Armed Services. |
162_4 | Investigations on a wider scale followed with the result that in 1974 the Commonwealth Government announced its intention of establishing a single tertiary institution for the Defence Force. In 1977 the government formally established the Australian Defence Force Academy as a Joint Service Unit under Section 32c of the Defence Act 1903. The Chief of the Defence Force, Air Chief Marshal Sir Neville McNamara, simultaneously announced the appointment of Rear Admiral Peter Sinclair, Royal Australian Navy as the Commandant. Construction began on the site in 1981. In February 1984 the University of New South Wales announced the appointment of Professor G.V.H. Wilson as Rector of the University College. In September 1985 the Interim Academy Council ceased its functions and the Australian Defence Force Academy Council held its inaugural meeting under the Chairmanship of Sir Edward Woodward. |
162_5 | In 1986 ADFA opened and began providing military and tertiary academic education for Midshipmen and Officer Cadets. In late 2003 the Australian Department of Defence entered into another agreement with the University of New South Wales for the operation of University College at ADFA.
In 2015 a $98 million redevelopment was completed. |
162_6 | Criticism, review and reform of ADFA
Over its history ADFA has been criticised for its cost of operation and for instances of cadet misbehaviour – bastardisation. In 1998, the Director of the Defence Equity Organisation, Bronwen Grey, led a review into the policies and practices to deal with sexual harassment and sexual offences at ADFA. This review – commonly referred to as the Grey Review – led to fundamental structural and cultural changes at ADFA. These included the abolition of a cadet rank hierarchy and the introduction of improved training in equity and diversity for cadets and staff. Notwithstanding these improvements, the national publicity associated with the review caused considerable damage to the Academy's reputation. |
162_7 | In July 2006, LCDR Robyn Fahy – the first woman to graduate from ADFA and the dux of her year – was awarded an undisclosed amount in compensation for abuses suffered during her service in the ADF, including instances of physical and verbal abuse suffered at ADFA. ADFA attracted further criticism from the Canberra gay and lesbian community after its commandant issued an order preventing Academy personnel from frequenting the Cube nightclub – a gay and lesbian venue. The order was in response to then recent violence at the club, in which a patron was stabbed. The ban has since been lifted. |
162_8 | In April 2011, it was alleged a male cadet used Skype to stream video of consensual sex with a female cadet to several other cadets at ADFA. The allegation achieved national media attention, and is the subject of current civil charges in the ACT courts. Aside from this court action, the incident triggered several other inquiries, investigations and reviews into ADFA. These included an inquiry led by Mr Andrew Kirkham QC into ADFA's management of the incident, and a review led by Elizabeth Broderick Sex Discrimination Commissioner, into the treatment of women at ADFA. The Broderick Review found that ADFA was a greatly improved institution since the 1990s, and that the extreme cultural concerns identified by Bronwen Grey in 1998 were no longer apparent. Notwithstanding, the Broderick Review found there were still structural and cultural deficiencies at ADFA which contributed to widespread, low-level sexual harassment. This review has led to a second tranche of major reform at ADFA, |
162_9 | which is still underway. |
162_10 | In November 2014 the Australian Government's Defence Abuse Response Taskforce recommended that a royal commission be conducted to consider all allegations of abuse at ADFA since its establishment in 1986.
Open day
ADFA has a yearly open day with displays of military hardware, demonstrations and flypasts. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 the physical open day was replaced by an on-line event. The 2021 open day is scheduled for 21 August.
Commandants
The following officers served as commandants of the academy: |
162_11 | Rear Admiral Peter Sinclair (1984–1986)
Major General Peter Day (1986–1990)
Air Vice Marshal Richard Bomball (1990–1993)
Rear Admiral Anthony Carwardine (1993–1995)
Major General Frank Hickling (1995–1996)
Air Vice Marshal Gary Beck (1996–1997)
Commodore Brian Adams (1998–2000)
Air Commodore Julie Hammer (2001–2003)
Commodore James Goldrick (2003–2006)
Brigadier Brian Dawson (2007)
Brigadier Wayne Goodman (2008–2009)
Air Commodore Margaret Staib (2009)
Commodore Bruce Kafer (2009–2013)
Air Commodore Alan Clements (2013–2016)
Brigadier Cheryl Pearce (2017–2018)
Commodore Peter Leavy (2019–2021)
Air Commodore Jules Adams (2022-[...])
Academic education
Awards
ADFA's academic education is run by the University of New South Wales, and it offers awards at the Diploma, Associate Diploma, Bachelor's Degree, Master's Degree, and Doctorate levels. |
162_12 | Under its agreement with the Department of Defence, the University of New South Wales (UNSW) provides Midshipmen (RAN) and Officer Cadets (ARA and RAAF) with a tertiary education at its University College campus (UNSW@ADFA), which is located on the Academy grounds.
Midshipmen, Officer Cadets and civilians undertake three- and four-year undergraduate degrees at ADFA. Currently, undergraduate degrees include:
Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of Science
Bachelor of Business
Bachelor of Computing and Cyber Security
Bachelor of Engineering with Honours (Aeronautical, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and Naval Architecture)
Bachelor of Technology (Aeronautical and Aviation) |
162_13 | However, those who do well academically and militarily have the possibility to return to ADFA for one year in order to do honours, as long as their respective services authorise further training. In addition to honours in Engineering, UNSW@ADFA offers honours in:
Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of Business
Bachelor of Science
Bachelor of Information Technology
Post-graduate studies are provided to civilians, senior members of the ADF and senior public servants. Increasingly, distance-education units are being offered for service members not based in Canberra.
Entrance requirements
The UNSW and ADF have invested considerable effort in maintaining a high standard of academic performance. "83 per cent of the more than 600 students enrolled in the three-year course had tertiary entrance scores higher than 80 per cent, placing them among the nation's best academic performers". |
162_14 | Student performance
"ADFA's GTS – Good Teaching Scale – is 54, and nearly triple the Group of Eight median of 20.53. It's SPR – Student Progress Rate, which calculates the ratio of the load passed to total course load – is 93.7, compared with the Go8 median of 88. Its OSI – Overall Satisfaction Index – is 72, [compared to] the Go8 median of 39.1."
Military training |
162_15 | Year One Familiarisation Training (YOFT)
On arrival at ADFA, new Officer Cadets undertake a five-week phase of training known as Year One Familiarisation Training (YOFT). Midshipmen join the Officer Cadets approximately two weeks into this training, as they have already received some basic military training as part of their first year in the Navy. Year One Familiarisation Training encompasses weapon training, physical training, first aid, drill and academic enrollments. The training culminates with the return of second and third year cadets to ADFA, and the conduct of the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) Parade in late February/early March. |
162_16 | Joint Military Education Training (JMET)
During academic sessions, ADFA provides basic military training to Midshipmen and Officer Cadets through the Joint Military Education Training (JMET) program. The JMET program encompasses physical training (PT), leadership and management studies, equity and diversity (E&D), military history, defence studies, drill and ceremonial, the military communication program (MCP), first aid, military law, field craft and weapons training. |
162_17 | Single Service Training (SST)
At the end of each academic session, Midshipmen and Officer Cadets move to their respective single service colleges for Single Service Training (SST). Such training prepares them to be officers in the ADF. Army Officer Cadets continue this training for another 12 months after leaving ADFA at the Royal Military College, Duntroon (RMC-D), to later be commissioned as Lieutenants. Most Officer Cadets and Midshipmen undertake six SST periods over a three-year period. However, Midshipmen have already completed 12 months of training in the Navy so they may not be required to train in these periods. |
162_18 | Academy life
The ADFA year is split by the two academic sessions, during which academic education is carried out. However, a variety of other activities take place in and around these sessions. Before Session 1, 'first years' undertake YOFT whilst second and third years are trained on their respective SST blocks. After Session 1, a two-week holiday period begins, though first years go on their first SST block. Academics recommence after this period with the start of Session 2. At the end of Session 2, all years commence their final SST block for the year, and shortly after this, third years graduate, and this is formally recognised during the 'Grad' parade.
At ADFA, officers and senior NCOs lead the daily lives of the cadets. Since a cadet chain of command is absent, a key opportunity to gain leadership experience is by captaining one of the varsity or club sports teams. |
162_19 | Timetable
ADFA runs on standard military time and generally follows the timetable:
0700 to 0800 – Reveille and Breakfast
0800 to 1000 – Joint Military Education or PT
1000 to 1800 – Academic classes (University timetable dependant)
1800 to 1930 – Sports training (optional)
Sports
ADFA is well known within both the ADF and the Canberra local region for its sports programme. While not compulsory, it is strongly encouraged that each and every OCDT/OFFCDT and MIDN takes up at least one sport each year to develop their team, leadership and social skills. The sports available at ADFA include both ‘inter-range’ sports that are played against other civilian and ADF teams, and Academy sports that are just competed within the academy itself. Cadets are permitted to play one grade A sport and up to two grade B sports from the following non-exclusive list: |
162_20 | Grade A
Association Football (Soccer – including a women's team)
Australian Rules Football (including a women's team)
Rugby League (competing in the New South Wales Tertiary Student Rugby League competition)
Rugby Union (including a women's team)
Grade B
Voluntary extra-curricular clubs
"ADFA offers a range of sporting and voluntary extra-curricular clubs (VECCs) for cadets, encouraging them to compete against and become involved with local and interstate organisations." |
162_21 | VECCs currently offered at ADFA include:
Bands and Musical opportunities – The Australian Defence Force Academy Band (ADFA Band) is the official musical unit of the Australian Defence Force Academy. The band is composed of smaller ensembles (of which the pipe band and the marching band are the largest) who perform during ceremonies such as ANZAC Day and ADFA Graduation Day.
Community Service VECC (CSV)
ADFA Debating Society (ADS)
FOCUS (Fellowship of Christian University Students)
Military Shooting VECC (MSV)
Musical Production VECC (The ADFA Performing Arts Company)
Precision Drill Team – A platoon of ADFA with Lee Enfield Rifles. Since its establishment, the unit has performed at events such as the Brisbane Festival and the Sydney International Military Tattoo.
FSAE (Academy Racing – Formula SAE Car)
Web Design Group
Lawn Bowls
Martial Arts
Mountaineering
Cross Fit
Fencing
Photography Club
CyberSec |
162_22 | Others not mentioned on the ADFA VECCs webpage include:
Aviation Interest Group
Maritime Interest Group
ADFA 4X4 VECC
DJ VECC
ADFA Focus
ADFA Anglers Fishing VECC |
162_23 | Facilities
Most facilities at ADFA were constructed in the early 1980s, including:
Accommodation blocks, commonly known as 'divisions', or 'lines'.
An Indoor Sports Centre, with pool (and overhead obstacle course), weights gym, cardio room, boxercise room, squash courts and a basketball court.
Military and Academic lecture theatres.
One of two cyber battle boards in Australia
A Junior ranks mess, Senior NCOs mess, Officers mess and the Academy Cadets Mess (which is the largest military mess in the southern hemisphere).
Sporting facilities, including a football oval, rugby field, tennis courts, volleyball courts, netball courts, soccer fields, cross-country course and a boat shed.
ADFA also has access to a Weapons Training Simulation System.
ADFA also has the lowest student to academic staff ratio of any university in Australia at 9:1
Structure
UNSW Canberra at ADFA |
162_24 | UNSW Canberra at ADFA is managed for UNSW by a Rector. Under the Rector are the heads of schools, who manage their respective schools.
UNSW Canberra at ADFA schools were restructured from twelve discipline-based schools to four multi-disciplinary Schools as of 1 January 2012. These are:
School of Engineering and Information Technology
School of Business
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences
ADFA
As of January 2001, ADFA has been part of the Australian Defence College (ADC) command structure, which is also responsible for the Australian Command and Staff College (ACSC) and the Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies (CDSS).
The Commandant of ADFA is appointed by the Australian Defence Force for a period of three years. Command of ADFA is based upon a three-year rotation between the three services and is held by a commodore, brigadier, or air commodore. |
162_25 | Temporary command arrangements in 2011
As a result of the 'Skype incident' in April 2011, the Commandant of ADFA – Commodore Bruce Kafer – was temporarily stood down from duty. A major inquiry into ADFA's management of the incident was undertaken by Andrew Kirkham QC, and during this period several officers filled the role of Acting Commandant; Colonel Paul Petersen, Group Captain 'Loch' Mitchell and Rear Admiral James Goldrick. The findings of the Kirkham Inquiry eventually cleared the way for Commodore Kafer to be reinstated as Commandant in March 2012. |
162_26 | Organisation
ADFA is based on an amalgamation of all three services, and the organisation of the cadet side of the academy reflects this. Divisions are accommodated in accommodation blocks (commonly known as 'lines' or 'divs') consisting of five sections (Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo) with a sixth section (Foxtrot) normally reserved for divisional staff and storage. Each section has two corridors (Half-sections) with four rooms and shared toilet, bathroom and laundry facilities. |
162_27 | There are six squadrons, Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, and Foxtrot, with up to four divisions in each squadron. Each division has either first- and third-years or second- and third-years, and each squadron has all three-year levels. Annually, the squadrons compete against each other in a range of activities, including drill and ceremonial, cross country, athletics, swimming, fitness excellence challenge, tug-o-war, academic results and community service. The squadron who achieves the best results across all activities are awarded the Lancaster Shield, and become the CDF squadron for the following year. CDF squadron members receive minor benefits as recognition of their hard work and efforts in the previous year. |
162_28 | Advanced students (commissioned officers and 4th year engineering students) are part of Advanced Student divisions. Advanced students may live in the Officers' Mess or off base. Prior to 2006 the years were arranged into separate squadrons, first year squadrons were tri service with cadets spending their final two years in single service squadrons. In 2010 this changed to the current system in order to increase cadet interyear interaction.
The Squadron chain of command is as follows:
Each division has a Divisional SNCO (Petty Officer/Sergeant) and Divisional Officer (Lieutenant RAN/Army Captain/RAAFFlight Lieutenant).
Each squadron has a Squadron Sergeant Major (SSM) (Chief Petty Officer/Warrant Officer Class 2 (WO2)/Flight Sergeant) and an Officer Commanding (OC) (Lieutenant Commander/Major/Squadron Leader). |
162_29 | Within each division a Midshipman/Officer Cadet is appointed as the Divisional Duty Orderly (DDO) on a weekly or fortnightly basis. The DDO is responsible for the general administration of the division, its cleanliness, and conducting the division's movements to and from military commitments. In addition, each section has a section leader appointed who is responsible for the section duties and assists the DDO. Permanent positions (referred to as the Cadet Leadership Team) are also available for mainly third year Midshipman and Officer Cadets. There are 5 major yearly positions which are: Academy Cadet Captain, Academy Cadet Executive Officer, Chief of Staff, President of the Mess Committee and Deputy President of the Mess Committee.
See also
Australian Defence College
Royal Australian Naval College
Officer Cadet School, Portsea
Officer Training Unit, Scheyville
Royal Military College, Duntroon |
162_30 | Other nations
Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Royal Military College of Canada
United States Military Academy at West Point
United States Naval Academy at Annapolis
United States Air Force Academy
Indonesian Army Command and General Staff College
Staff college
References
Citations
Sources
The regulars update, Issue 184, February 2004.
External links
ADFA
ADFA Graduates Association
Educational institutions established in 1986
Buildings of the Australian government
Faculties of the University of New South Wales
Military academies
Military education and training in Australia
Military installations in the Australian Capital Territory
Military units and formations of Australia
Universities in the Australian Capital Territory
University of New South Wales
1986 establishments in Australia |
163_0 | Working Girl is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols, written by Kevin Wade, and starring Harrison Ford, Sigourney Weaver, and Melanie Griffith. Its plot follows an ambitious secretary from Staten Island who takes over her new boss's role while the boss is laid up with a broken leg. The secretary, who has been going to business night school, pitches a profitable idea, only to have the boss attempt to take credit.
The film's opening sequence follows Manhattan-bound commuters on the Staten Island Ferry accompanied by Carly Simon's song "Let the River Run", for which she received the Academy Award for Best Original Song. The film was met with critical acclaim, and was a major box office success, grossing a worldwide total of $103 million. |
163_1 | At the 61st Academy Awards, the film was nominated for Best Picture, while Nichols received a nomination for Best Director. Griffith received a nomination for Best Actress, while both Weaver and Joan Cusack were nominated for Best Supporting Actress.
Plot
Tess McGill (Melanie Griffith) is an ambitious, working class 30-year-old from Staten Island with a bachelor's degree in business that she achieved by taking evening classes. She works as a stockbroker's secretary in lower Manhattan, aspiring to reach an executive position. Tess is treated like a bimbo by her boss and male co-workers, who nonetheless benefit from her intelligence and business instincts. Fed up with being humiliated by her boss, Tess quits in dramatic fashion. |
163_2 | Tess soon finds a job as an administrative assistant to Katharine Parker (Sigourney Weaver), a young associate in Mergers and Acquisitions. Seemingly supportive as fellow female professional, Katharine encourages Tess to share ideas. Tess suggests an idea for a merger between Trask Industries and a radio station. Katharine seems intrigued but eventually tells Tess it wouldn't work out.
When Katharine injures her leg skiing, she asks Tess to house-sit. While staying there, Tess discovers some meeting notes and realizes Katharine plans to pass off the merger idea as her own.
Tess decides to use her boss' absence, connections, and clothes to move ahead with her merger plans. She schedules a meeting with Jack Trainer (Harrison Ford), a mergers and acquisitions associate from another company. With her friend Cyn's (Joan Cusack) help, she cuts her hair to look more professional and raids Katherine's closet for more stylish clothing. |
163_3 | At the meeting with Trainer and his associates, Tess lacks confidence and leaves believing the meeting was a failure. Jack, however, arrives at her office and wants to move forward with her idea. Jack quickly secures a great radio network acquisition for Trask Industries and bristles when Tess attempts to meet with the Trask CEO, Oren Trask (Philip Bosco) on her own, which he soon realizes is because her plan is to meet with him while crashing his daughter's wedding. Despite Jack's misgivings, Tess's charm and quick thinking secures Trask's interest in the merger.
Jack and Tess grow closer as they prepare the financials for the merger proposal, which is ultimately a success. They give into their attraction and end up in bed. Tess is tempted to tell him the truth, but demurs when she discovers Jack is also involved with Katharine, though he was going to break up with her before her injury. |
163_4 | Katharine returns home the same day as the meeting to finalize the merger. While Tess is helping her get settled, Jack arrives to end things with Katharine, who pressures him to propose. He dodges the conversation and then runs to the merger meeting. Tess accidentally leaves her appointment book in Katharine's apartment before leaving for the same meeting, which leads to Katharine discovering what Tess has been up to.
Katharine pushes her way into the meeting and outs Tess as her secretary, accusing her of having stolen the idea. Tess begins to protest but feels nobody would believe her. She leaves, apologizing profusely.
Days later, Tess clears out her desk and then bumps into Jack, Katharine, and Trask at the lobby elevators. A confrontation between Katharine and Tess leads Jack to stand up for Tess. When Tess reveals she's discovered a hole in the deal, Trask abandons Katharine in a closing elevator and hears Tess's explanation for how she came up with the merger idea. |
163_5 | When Trask confronts Katharine, she is unable to explain where she got the merger idea. He promises to have her fired for her actions, then offers Tess an entry-level job with Trask Industries, which she happily accepts.
Tess arrives for her first day at her new job at Trask and is shown to an office where she meets Alice, the woman Tess assumes she will be working for, however Alice explains that she is actually Tess's secretary. Tess insists they work together as colleagues, showing she will be very different from Katharine. She then calls Cyn from her own office to tell her she has finally made it.
Cast
Production
Development
Screenwriter Kevin Wade was inspired to write the screenplay after visiting New York City in 1984 and witnessing throngs of career women walking through the streets in tennis shoes while carrying their high-heels. |
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