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and meets the requirements: Find the vector (If exists) Can some one please help me here? Follow Math Help Forum on Facebook and Google+ If we write the vector as, the 5 conditions can be written as follows: Letting,

and meets the requirements: Find the vector (If exists) Can some one please help me here? Follow Math Help Forum on Facebook and Google+ If we write the vector as, the 5 conditions can be written as follows: Letting, the first four conditions give us that and where By the last condition, so that We reject the negative because must be positive So the vector is can you please explain why? what the meaning of, Unit vector? Yes. For example Hooo i see... Thank you very much!!! View Tag Cloud

A source list is an area of window set off by a movable pane splitter to provide users a way to navigate data. Use a source list when the data presented in it is a primary means of navigating within the application, as in iTunes or the

A source list is an area of window set off by a movable pane splitter to provide users a way to navigate data. Use a source list when the data presented in it is a primary means of navigating within the application, as in iTunes or the Finder. Users select objects in the source list that they act on in the main part of the window. And source lists are apparently the reason that the Panther Finder’s windows are (sometimes) metal: You can use a brushed metal window if your application: - Provides an interface for a digital peripheral, such as a camera, or an interface for managing data shared with digital peripherals—iPhoto or iSync, for example. - Strives to re-create a familiar physical device—Calculator or DVD Player, for example. - Provides a source list to navigate information—for example, iTunes or the Finder. Don’t use the brushed metal look indiscriminately. Although it works well for some types of applications, some applications appear too heavy when using this look. For example, it works well for the iSync application window, but it does not work very well for the TextEdit document window. Of course, by this logic, Xcode and System Profiler windows would be metal, Safari browser windows would change to metal only when you viewed the bookmarks, the Safari Downloads window wouldn’t be metal, and on and on. It’s not worth thinking about this too deeply, because the brushed metal guidelines are more a retroactive justification for Apple’s design fetishes than a set of sound principles for designing usable, consistent interfaces. Also note that they’re now called “brushed metal windows” rather than “textured windows.” Hopefully this is meant as a reassurance that the texture won’t be changed to Blue Dalmation in Mac OS X 10.4. Stay up-to-date by subscribing to the Comments RSS Feed for this post.

A Quarterly Activity Bulletin of The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources-Southeast Regional Climate Center Activity Corner:UV Radiation Wordsearch Quick Quiz1. What are two harmful consequences from being in the sun too long? 2. How many

A Quarterly Activity Bulletin of The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources-Southeast Regional Climate Center Activity Corner:UV Radiation Wordsearch Quick Quiz1. What are two harmful consequences from being in the sun too long? 2. How many types of UV radiation are there? What are they called? 3. What are two cities in the southeast that have UV forecasts? 4. What are five things you can do to help prevent UV rays from harming you? You can also check out the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)SunWise School Program on-line. This site has activities and information for students and educators. For more information about ultraviolet radiation, you can check out the EPA's web site. Or for more information on the UV Index, you can check out the Climate Predication Center's webpage. To view the current UV Index forecast for the the United States, click here. For more links, click here. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of websites linked to by SERCC web pages. However, the SERCC/SC DNR are not responsible for the contents of any "off-site" web pages referenced from the DNR server. Southeast Regional Climate Center SC Department of Natural Resources 1201 Main Street, Suite 1100 Columbia, South Carolina 29201 The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, disability, religion, or age. Direct all inquiries to the Office of Human Resources, P.O. Box 167, Columbia, SC 29202.

In 1848 Samuel Langhorne Clemens, then 13, began an apprenticeship as a printer's devil with Joseph Ament and his Missouri Courier. Two years later he became a typesetter for his brother Orion’s Western Union.

In 1848 Samuel Langhorne Clemens, then 13, began an apprenticeship as a printer's devil with Joseph Ament and his Missouri Courier. Two years later he became a typesetter for his brother Orion’s Western Union. At 17 he left Hannibal to become a journeyman printer. First in St. Louis for the Evening News, then New York for John A. Gray (1853), then Philadelphia for the Inquirer (1853), then Keokruk, Iowa with his brothers for the Keokuk Journal (1855) and finally Cincinnati for the steam press of Wrightson and Co. (1856).2 After his job in Cincinnati Clemens would become, among other things, a riverboat pilot, correspondent, editor, inventor, publisher, prospector, and investor. Of course along the way he became Mark Twain and wrote, as Hemingway said, the novel that “all modern American literature comes from.” Despite his fame and fortune however, Twain remained fascinated by printing and technology and this fascination would ultimately prove ruinous. The industrial revolution brought great advances to commercial printing. Fourdrinier invented the continuous-roll paper machine in 1806. Koenig invented the steam press in 1811 and Hoe introduced the rotary press in 1846. Less successful, however, were attempts to mechanize composing. Church (1822), Young and Delcambre (1840) and Mitchel (1853) all tried to construct automated typesetters, but by the time Clemens was setting type in Hannibal he was still using a composing stick the same way Gutenberg had done 400 years before.3 Enter James William Paige. Paige, from Rochester, NY, patented a machine in 1872 that could set agate (5½ pt) type.4 In 1877 he went into partnership with J. M. Farnham and the Farnham Typesetting Co in Hartford, CT with the intention of combining his typesetter with their distributor.5 This turned out to impractical and soon Paige began work on a completely new design – the Paige Compositor. By 1878 he had a (barely) working prototype. In 1880 Clemens, at the urging of his friend Dwight Buell, invested 2000 USD in Farnham stock. After he saw the machine he was mesmerized. He pledged an additional 3000 dollars (his first royalties from Huckleberry Finn) and as he later wrote “that’s when the music begins.” 6 Paige spent the decade obsessively tinkering with the Compositor. He added new features (the justifier alone added several years to the project) and continually tore down, redesigned and rebuilt assemblies. He even rebuilt the entire machine from scratch in 1886. Meanwhile Clemens was falling further into the rabbit-hole. On 6 Feb 1886 he entered into a contract to capitalize and promote the machine for half of Paige’s profits. By the end of the decade he was bankrolling Paige to the t

The Aftermath (1920-1955) By the age of 45, Mileva had survived the loss of her daughter, her husband and her professional dreams. She had some cash from the divorce settlement, and earned a little more by

The Aftermath (1920-1955) By the age of 45, Mileva had survived the loss of her daughter, her husband and her professional dreams. She had some cash from the divorce settlement, and earned a little more by taking in boarders and giving lessons in math and music. Life was tolerable. But at the start of 1920, Mileva was called to Novi Sad. Her aging parents couldn't deal with Zorka's growing paranoia and hostility. Mileva stayed for three months. The autumn of 1922 found Mileva back in Serbia again: Zorka had incinerated a large sum of cash hidden in an empty stove. Events followed in rapid succession: Zorka suffered another psychotic break; Mileva's father, Milos, died of a stroke; Mileva had her sister legally certified as an incompetent - and Albert won the Nobel Prize. Albert was on a lecture tour in the Far East when news of the Nobel Prize reached him. He couldn't attend the December ceremony. It was 1923 b

Ontarios State of the Forests Report, released in the summer of 2002, provides detailed information on managed forests in Ontario to the public. It uses criteria and indicators as a framework for providing this information. The Ministry of Natural Resources (

Ontarios State of the Forests Report, released in the summer of 2002, provides detailed information on managed forests in Ontario to the public. It uses criteria and indicators as a framework for providing this information. The Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), although they are not required to do so, interpret the information in the report and conclude with the following assertion: Current measures used to examine Ontarios goal of conserving biological diversity in forests do not identify any major concerns (i-35). We beg to differ. This Sierra Club of Canada review of the report looks at both the trends revealed by the data and the MNRs interpretation of the information provided in the report. Within the conservation movement, sustainabl

America’s big cities are finally catching up to the rest of the world’s ambitious bike sharing programs. Before New York’s system launched last week, none of the country’s biggest three cities had a bike sharing program (Chicago’s will begin this month

America’s big cities are finally catching up to the rest of the world’s ambitious bike sharing programs. Before New York’s system launched last week, none of the country’s biggest three cities had a bike sharing program (Chicago’s will begin this month, while Los Angeles will start its pilot program sometime in the next few months; smaller cities like Washington, D.C., Boston, and Denver have led the way.) A new infographic on Quartz featuring 29 of the world’s biggest bike sharing programs puts the urban trend into a global perspective. Each tiny dot represents a docking station. Quartz's David Yanofsky notes that a bike sharing system says a lot about how cities approach transportation policy more broadly: "The geographic footprint of a city’s bike-sharing system can reveal both the municipality’s level of commitment to transportation alternatives as well as the topography of the surrounding area." According to information designer Oliver O’Brien, whose bike share monitoring site is the basis for the infographic, 17 of the world’s 20 largest bike sharing programs are in Chinese cities, but most of those systems don’t provide real-time or accurate data about the number of bikes in use.

New York City's Ellis Island, which greeted millions of immigrants to the United States, has reopened its museum doors, a year after Superstorm Sandy tore through much of the eastern half of the United States, killing scores of people and destroying tens of

New York City's Ellis Island, which greeted millions of immigrants to the United States, has reopened its museum doors, a year after Superstorm Sandy tore through much of the eastern half of the United States, killing scores of people and destroying tens of billions of dollars in property. The successful reopening of the museum on Monday is a symbol of the resilience of the thousands of communities devastated by the storm. Yet, it is also an expression of what is still to be done. Many of its more than one million photographs and other artifacts are still in storage, and officials have not yet repaired computers the public can use to research ancestors. The storm, the deadliest and most destructive of the 2012 hurricane season, slammed the New York and New Jersey shores on October 29, 2012, and moved through New England. It killed more than 100 people and caused an estimated $65 billion in damage. The federal government has already spent more than $14 billion in assistance. Government relief and private funding worked together to rebuild. New York's flooded subways and tunnels sprang back to life with surprising speed. New Jersey's beach boardwalks were restored, ready to welcome eager tourists, and many of the nearly 300,0

Differential geometry and topology are essential tools for many theoretical physicists, particularly in the study of condensed matter physics, gravity, and particle physics. Written by physicists for physics students, this text introduces geometrical and topological methods in theoretical physics and applied

Differential geometry and topology are essential tools for many theoretical physicists, particularly in the study of condensed matter physics, gravity, and particle physics. Written by physicists for physics students, this text introduces geometrical and topological methods in theoretical physics and applied mathematics. It assumes no detailed background in topology or geometry, and it emphasizes physical motivations, enabling students to apply the techniques to their physics formulas and research. "Thoroughly recommended" by The Physics Bulletin, this volume's physics applications range from condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics to elementary particle theory. Its main mathematical topics include differential forms, homotopy, homology, cohomology, fiber bundles, connection and covariant derivatives, and Morse theory. Reprint of the Academic Press, London, 1983 edition. |Availability||Usually ships in 24 to 48 hours| |Author/Editor||Charles Nash, Siddhartha Sen| |Dimensions||5 3/8 x 8 1/2|

Women Education Pakistan: Causes Of Women Illiteracy Man is composed of two basic elements i.e nature and nurture. In upbringing process, parents have a major participation in which mother offers an ample share. Thus an educated mother will lay the foundation

Women Education Pakistan: Causes Of Women Illiteracy Man is composed of two basic elements i.e nature and nurture. In upbringing process, parents have a major participation in which mother offers an ample share. Thus an educated mother will lay the foundation of healthy civilized family. So we can say that the entire personality of a person is an outcome of his mother’s training. The constitution of Pakistan provides full participation of women in all spheres of life constituting more than 50% of the total population, but the literacy rate in females is just 36% as compared to men that is 64%. The ratio of primary schools for girls and boys is 4 and 10 respectively.Such attitude of discrimination is not new in the educational system of Pakistan. Pakistan inherited it from the history. After 1857 when Sir Syed came on the surface with the slogan of educational improvement of the muslims but the women were ignored. At that time books like “Bahishti Zaiwar”, “Miratul Uroos” popped up to identify the limits for the women. The object of these books were the negation of awareness to women and their confinement to the family only. Moulvi Mumtaz Ali Khan researched and wrote a book named “Huqook-e- Niswan”. Sir Syed advised him not to publish the book. Sir Syed was of view that modern education could bring instability in the lives of women and ignorance of their right would make them contented. Despite, Moulvi Mumtaz published his book which faced stiff resistance from the literate male class of the Muslims. Religiously, people are of the view that Islam does not permit a women or girls to step beyond the limits of house. Modern education can make her a party girl instead of making her a house wife. That’s why Taliban are blasting and attacking the girl’s schools in Swat and Northern areas of Pakistan. However, the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) strongly emphasized on education by saying that, “It is the prime duty of men and women to acquire education”. Causes Of Women Illiteracy In Pakistan The first cause of women illiteracy is the increase in population, which is playing a negative role in this deprivation of female education. A family having more number of children and less income will prefer to educate the boys of the family, while the girls will be given embroidery or sewing skills. Secondly, there is also a misconception that females merely have to manage a home after being married where as males have to earn so education matters only for males but not for females. Thirdly, we have observed that traditionally, women are considered as the asset of males of the family. So these males are responsible for taking decisions of their lives. In most cases, males donot allow their sisters or daughters to goto schools or universities. Additionally, some families do not like their daughters to study in co-education institutes thus depriving them of higher education. Fourthly, the social setup is a male dominated one. Girls cannot move freely thus any male of the family has to take responsibility of her care. This sometimes seems difficult to them. There is also a sharp division between female oriented work and male oriented work. Females are not allowed to work in all spheres of life therefore their education is not considered valuable. Fifthly, the number of schools and colleges for females are very less. Girls have to travel a long distance to reach the schools or colleges, for this reason most of the parents prefer to give them religious education. Lastly, every government talks about the importance of female education but none of them has given attention to it. In Multan the plan of separate women university and women medical college was announced yet these plans have not seen the light of the day. Media brought awareness to the people thus bringing female fighter pilots in PAF and projecting women in every sphere of life. Islam does not restrict education to females. Islam is a flexible religion and it allows equal opportunities of education to both sexes. The need is to interpret it in its real essence. Last but not the least, no society can progress by restricting more than half of its population in the abyss of ignorance and a maze of undue limits. Nepolean once said about the role of mothers in building process of a nation that, “Give me the best mothers, I will give you the best nation.”

Preserve America Community: Santa Paula, California Santa Paula, California, (population 29,539) is located northwest of Los Angeles, south of the Los Padres National Forest. The area was incorporated into a series of Spanish and Mexican land

Preserve America Community: Santa Paula, California Santa Paula, California, (population 29,539) is located northwest of Los Angeles, south of the Los Padres National Forest. The area was incorporated into a series of Spanish and Mexican land grants beginning in 1795, the last being Rancho Santa Paula y Saticoy. In 1862, the ownership of the rancho passed into the hands of George Briggs. The town was laid out by Nathan Blanchard and E.L. Bradley in 1873 and incorporated in 1902. Blanchard planted the first orange trees in 1874. The earliest oil production in California began in 1886 when oil pioneers moved to Santa Paula. In 1887, the Southern Pacific Railroad arrived in Santa Paula, boosting oil and agricultural production in the city. The early wealth created by these industries built many of the historic and cultural attractions of the city. The Murals of Santa Paula is a non-profit organization supported by the citizens of Santa Paula, businesses, civic groups, and the city of Santa Paula. The organization was formed to promote the revitalization of the downtown through developing a series of murals. The murals depict significant developments in Santa Paula's history and are designed by artists from across the country. A walking tour through downtown Santa Paula allows individuals to best explore all nine murals. One mural depicts Main Street Santa Paula in 1910, while another portrays the discovery of oil in Santa Paula. The California Oil Museum, operated by the city of Santa Paula, explores local oil history. The museum building was the original headquarters for the Union Oil Company, which started in Santa Paula in 1890. The 1888 Queen Anne building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The museum includes an authentic turn-of-the-century cable-tool drilling rig and restored gas station memorabilia. The museum works with the Santa Paula High School History Department to design and mount an exhibit on local history each year. Recent themes have included the Vietnam War, Mexican American Heritage, and Farming on the Edge. For more information: City of Santa Paula: www.ci.santa-paula.ca.us Discover Santa Paula: www.discoversantapaula.com Murals of Santa Paula: www.santapaulamurals.org California Oil Museum: www.oilmuseum.net Posted August 3, 2009

Kyler Surname History The family history of the Kyler last name is maintained by the AncientFaces community. Join the community by adding to to our knowldge of the Kyler: - Kyler family history - Kyler country

Kyler Surname History The family history of the Kyler last name is maintained by the AncientFaces community. Join the community by adding to to our knowldge of the Kyler: - Kyler family history - Kyler country of origin, nationality, & ethnicity - Kyler last name meaning & etymology - Kyler spelling & pronunciation Latest photos on AncientFaces No one from the Kyler community has shared photos. Here are new photos on AncientFaces: Kyler Country of Origin, Nationality, & Ethnicity No one has submitted information on Kyler country of origin, nationality, or ethnicity. Add to this section No content has been submitted about the Kyler country of origin. The following is speculative information about Kyler. You can submit your information by clicking Edit. The nationality of Kyler can be complicated to determine in cases which regional boundaries change over time, leaving the nation of origin indeterminate. The original ethnicity of Kyler may be in dispute based on whether the surname came about organically and independently in different locales; for example, in the case of last names that come from professions, which can come into being in multiple countries independently (such as the surname "Brewster" which refers to a female brewer). Kyler Meaning & Etymology No one has submitted information on Kyler meaning and etymology. Add to this section No content has been submitted about the meaning of Kyler. The following is speculative information about Kyler. You can submit your information by clicking Edit. The meaning of Kyler come may come from a craft, such as the name "Dean" which may have been adopted by members of the clergy. Some of these profession-based last names might be a profession in some other language. This is why it is important to research the nationality of a name, and the languages spoken by its family members. Many modern names like Kyler come from religious texts such as the Bible, the Bhagavadgītā, the Quran, and other related texts. Often these surnames are shortened versions of a religious expression such as "Worthy of praise". Kyler Pronunciation & Spelling Variations No one has added information on Kyler spelli

Work commenced on Tilmanstone Colliery in 1906. The building of the East Kent Railway from Shepherdswell to Eythorne in 1912 improved the transport to carry materials for sinking the shaft. The first coal was raised

Work commenced on Tilmanstone Colliery in 1906. The building of the East Kent Railway from Shepherdswell to Eythorne in 1912 improved the transport to carry materials for sinking the shaft. The first coal was raised in March 1913. "The most advanced colliery is at Tilmanstone. This was commenced on the 7th of July, 1906, by the Foncage Syndicate, an offshoot of the Concessions, under the management of Mr. Nathanile Griffith, M.Inst.M.E. It was afterwards transferred, under the same able manager, to a new East Kent Colliery Company. This pit is equipped with engine power for pumping and winding, and is expected to be the first shaft to reach coal." (J.B.J. 1907) The picture at the top of this page shows the winding gear at Tilmanstone in the late 1960s. In the foreground are the coal trucks waiting to take the coal along the East Kent Railway to Shepherdswell, where they would join the main London to Dover line. Tilmanstone Colliery closed in 1986, the shafts being permanently sealed in April and May 1987. During its 74-year life, over 20 million tons of coal were extracted. Nothing remains of the colliery buildings - only three concrete slabs covering the shafts and a small monument now mark the site. The area is now occupied by the Pike Road Industrial Estate. Proposals have been made in recent years to build a theme park on the site, but no progress has been made to date. The buildings in the background are part of the Pike Road Industrial Estate which now stands where some of the colliery buildings once stood Below are two views of the site from different angles. On the left is the view from where the E.Kent Light Railway once entered the site, looking towards the coal tip. The view on the right shows the (now landscaped) coal tip on the right. The village of Elvington can be glimpsed on the top of the hill to the left. The pictures below, showing two fine examples of lamp checks from Tilmanstone Colliery, were kindly provided by Mr. David Shaw. Work began a few weeks ago on reclaiming the site for the new home of Kent Salads. They have uncovered a lot of shale and a few bits of old twisted machinery, but not much else. (Information supplied by Mark Frost, July 2000)

The more you know about the normal development and function of the prostate, the better you can understand how prostate cancer develops. Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in America, affecting 1 in 6 men. But who is

The more you know about the normal development and function of the prostate, the better you can understand how prostate cancer develops. Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in America, affecting 1 in 6 men. But who is most at risk of getting prostate cancer and why? The ultimate goal of prostate cancer prevention strategies is to prevent men from developing the disease. Unfortunately, this goal has not yet been achieved. The question of screening is a personal and complex one. It’s important for each man to talk with his doctor about whether prostate cancer screening is right for him. If you or someone you care about has recently been diagnosed with prostate cancer, this section will help guide you. There is no “one size fits all” treatment for prostate cancer. You should learn as much as possible about the many treatment options available. We typically refer to Advanced Disease as the state of prostate cancer that has grown beyond the prostate and is unlikely to be cured with surgery or radiation alone. Mark your calendars Baltimore: September 25, 2011. The president of Frostburg State University is joining a national panel charged with raising awareness about the dangers of binge drinking on college campuses. Earlier this year, Maryland’s first lady teamed up with the nation’s first lady to prevent bullying in schools. Katie O’Malley continues the campaign to get more students involved. Earth Day is this Friday and environmental activities are being held across the region this week to raise environmental awareness.

In this interdisciplinary discussion on mental models, researchers from various areas in cognitive science tackle the following questions: What is a mental model? What are the prospects and limitations in applying the mental model notion in cognitive science? How can the ideas on the nature

In this interdisciplinary discussion on mental models, researchers from various areas in cognitive science tackle the following questions: What is a mental model? What are the prospects and limitations in applying the mental model notion in cognitive science? How can the ideas on the nature of mental models and their mode of operation be empirically substantiated? The primary goal of the research group was to work out a definition of mental models that embraces the overall use of this construct in cognitive science as well as the more specific conceptions used in particular research domains such as co

|Casuarina equisetifolia L.| This rapidly growing tree can reach heights of 40 m or more. It forms monotypic stands under which little else grows. The lack of undergrowth beneath trees suggests the release of an

|Casuarina equisetifolia L.| This rapidly growing tree can reach heights of 40 m or more. It forms monotypic stands under which little else grows. The lack of undergrowth beneath trees suggests the release of an allelopathic agent, although Neal (1965) suggested that they exhaust the nutrients in the soil. The seeds are wind-dispersed. The lack of undergrowth prevents very hot fires from burning in the vicinity of these trees. When fires do sweep through stands, trees regenerate rapidly from basal shoots. The species has not been evaluated for biological control because it is still considered a beneficial tree for windbreaks, erosion control, and nitrogen fixation. It is common in all but the driest and wettest coastal areas of all islands up to 500 m.

What are the odds of us having two articles this week about robotic turtles? As of today, it's 100 percent, thanks to this robotic baby sea turtle, um, thing. It's called Flipperbot, and it's designed to

What are the odds of us having two articles this week about robotic turtles? As of today, it's 100 percent, thanks to this robotic baby sea turtle, um, thing. It's called Flipperbot, and it's designed to help biologists figure out how animals with flippers move in sand, and to help roboticists figure out how to get robots with flippers to do the same. I'll admit that putting "unstoppable" in our headline is probably a bit cavalier: this robot is most certainly stoppable, and in fact part of the point of constructing it is to figure out how to make robots less stoppable in granular media. In general, we humans don't have a lot of firsthand experience in using flippers in sand, but that's okay, because plenty of other animals do, and sea turtles are among the cutest of those. They've been busy flippering around in sand for millions of years, so rather than attempting to derive optimized flippery movement from scratch, lazy roboticists are cheating by simply trying to duplicate what the turtles do, and determine what makes that technique the one that the animals have converged on. This, of course, requires a robotic sea turtle that is not quite as cute as the real animal, and roboticists from Georgia Institute of Technology and Northwestern University went ahead and built one. Here it is doing its thing, with some most excellent commentary from Daniel Goldman: I love how this research is based on someone just noticing something cool about animals, although you have to imagine that's gotta be weird for the little baby turtles, right? "Welcome to the world you tiny creatures, now help us do SCIENCE!" Here's another video of a baby sea turtle climbing out of a hole and then running; note the wrist action: "On soft sand, the animals move their limbs in such a way that they don't create a yiel

The volcano erupting in 1995 to 1997 |Elevation||915 m (3,002 ft)| |Prominence||915 m (3,002 ft)| |Volcanic arc/belt||Less

The volcano erupting in 1995 to 1997 |Elevation||915 m (3,002 ft)| |Prominence||915 m (3,002 ft)| |Volcanic arc/belt||Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc| |Last eruption||2005 to 2013| The Soufrière Hills volcano (soufrière is a French word meaning "sulphur outlet") is an active, complex stratovolcano (with many lava domes forming its summit) on the Caribbean island of Montserrat. After a long period of dormancy, the Soufrière Hills volcano became active in 1995, and has continued to erupt ever since. Its eruptions have rendered more than half of Montserrat uninhabitable, destroying the capital city, Plymouth, and causing widespread evacuations: about two thirds of the population have left the island. The volcano is andesitic in nature and the current pattern of activity includes periods of dome growth, punctuated by brief episodes of dome collapse which result in pyroclastic flows, ash venting, and explosive eruption. The volcano is monitored by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory. Seismic activity had occurred in 1897–1898, 1933–1937, and again in 1966–1967, but the eruption that began on 18 July 1995 was the first since the 19th century in Montserrat. When pyroclastic flows and mudflows began occurring regularly, the capital, Plymouth, was evacuated, and a few weeks later a pyroclastic flow covered the city in several metres of debris. The first phreatic explosion in this new period of activity occurred on 21 August 1995, and such activity lasted for 18 weeks until it caused an andesitic lava dome formation. This was initially confined by a sector-collapse scar. This period lasted for another 60 weeks, after which there were major dome collapses and two periods of explosive volcanic eruptions and fountain-collapse pyroclastic flows. The explosion blanketed Plymouth, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away, in a thick layer of ash, and darkened the sky almost completely. Earthquakes continued to occur in three epicentral zones: beneath the Soufrière Hills volcano itself, in the ridge running to the north-east and beneath St George's Hill, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the north-west. A large eruption on 25 June 1997 resulted in the deaths of nineteen people. The island's airport was directly in the path of the main pyroclastic flow and was completely destroyed. Montserrat's tourist industry was also destroyed. However, it is now regenerating. The governments of the United Kingdom and Montserrat led the aid effort, including a £41 million package provided to the people of Montserrat; however, riots followed as the people protested that the British Government was not doing enough to aid relief. The riots followed a £10 million aid offer by International Development Secretary Claire Short, prompting the resignation of Bertrand Osborne, then Chief Minister of Montserrat after allegations of being too pro-British and not demanding a better offer. The British destroyer HMS Liverpool took a large role in evacuating Montserrat's population to other islands; this included Antigua and Barbuda, who warned they would not be able to cope with many more refugees. About 7,000 people, or two-thirds of the population, left Montserrat; 4,000 to the United Kingdom. The following is a list of Montserrat settlements abandoned after the eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano. Most of these settlements were badly affected or inundated by pyroclastic flows between June and December 1997. - Farrell's Yard - Galway's Estate - Long Ground - Plymouth - the capital of Montserrat, initially evacuated in August 1995; abandoned and destroyed in 1997 - Saint Patrick's - Robuscus Mt - Amersham Estate - Cork Hill - North Olveston (since re-settled) - Old Towne (since re-settled) - Saint George's Hill - Salem (since re-settled) - Woodlands (since re-settled) Activity since 1999 On 24 December 2006, streaks of red from the pyroclastic flows became visible. On 8 January 2007, an evacuation order was issued for areas in the Lower Belham Valley, affecting an additional 100 people. At 11:27 pm local time on Monday 28 July 2008, an eruption began without any precursory activity. Pyroclastic flow lobes reached Plymouth. These involved juvenile material originating in the collapse of the eruption column. Further, a small part of the eastern side of the lava dome collapsed, generating a pyroclastic flow in Tar River Valley. Several large explosions were registered, with the largest at approximately 11:38 pm. The height of the ash column was estimated at 12,000 m (40,000 ft) above sea level. The volcano has become one of the most closely monitored volcanoes in the world since its eruption began, with the Montse

Local History Resources of the Connecticut Room & the MuseumThe Connecticut Room contains mainly published volumes on various topics relating to Connecticut and its history. You'll find books on general topics such as church history, as well as books that are more specifically local,

Local History Resources of the Connecticut Room & the MuseumThe Connecticut Room contains mainly published volumes on various topics relating to Connecticut and its history. You'll find books on general topics such as church history, as well as books that are more specifically local, such as bound photostat records of the Congregational Church. The Connecticut Room also contains work by local authors, from the well-known to the obscure. If you are researching your family's history, a number of sources are available. These include the church records mentioned above, some published family histories, published military records, town history books -- mostly written in the 19th century -- and compilations of vital statistics, often listed with the town histories. One book which is an invaluable -- though not infallible -- resource is William Cothren's History of Ancient Woodbury, first published in the 1850s and revised and updated into the 1870s. Volume III is a compilation of birth, baptism, marriage and death records from the five towns that originally were part of Woodbury. It is a useful starting point for researchers looking into family history. If you are unable to find what you are looking for in the published volumes on the shelves, there are some grey document boxes which contain loose files with some town history papers and other material relating to the town's history. These files are arranged by subject, in alphabetical order. The Guide to Resources in the Connecticut Room is a list of these files that also cross-references other related subjects. A couple of other places to look for family history information or other information on Washington history are: - The looseleaf binder on the left bookshelves as you enter the room contains compiled clippings and listings of numerous families.

Shrouded in mystery, autism is one of the fastest growing disabilities in the United States. Recent statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that one in 50 children have an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The

Shrouded in mystery, autism is one of the fastest growing disabilities in the United States. Recent statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that one in 50 children have an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The CDC data shows an increase from the previous estimate of one in 88, with boys four times as likely as girls to be diagnosed. "ASDs are reported to occur in all racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups," reported the CDC. Autism is a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life, affecting a child's ability to communicate and interact with others. Defined by a certain set of behaviors, autism manifests differently in each individual. “Joshua has made huge progress in his two years at the center,” said Howard Greenberg. “He still has autism, but now he can communicate some of his needs and desires.” Pictured are (left to right) Skills Trainer Vanessa Castro, Joshua Greenberg and Behavioral Intervention Specialist Tina Cote. Photo courtesy of the Maui Autism Center The misunderstandings, false assumptions and myths surrounding autism can be overwhelming for families who must navigate its complicated world. "When parents receive an autism diagnosis from a developmental pediatrician, it can be one of the worst days of their life," said Howard Greenberg, founder of the Maui Autism Center in Kihei and father of an autistic son. Many parents do not know where to turn. They are told that autism is permanent and that nothing can be done to help their child. "Nothing could be further from the truth," said Greenberg. "Many children can be helped to improve their situation," Greenberg said. "Some who have undergone years of intensive therapy have lost their diagnosis and gone on to graduate from college." "I have personally seen children who could not talk when they came to the Maui Autism Center two years ago, who are speaking in full sentences today," he said. Greenberg is a past president of Autism Bridges Maui, a community support group for parents with autistic children. Currently, he is treasurer for La'akea Foundation, a 13-acre farm community for adults with special needs. He is also the treasurer for Horizons Academy, a school in Ha'iku for children with special needs. "Autism is a neurological disorder that affects many different areas of the brain," said Greenberg. Characteristics associated with autism include repetitive behavior, restricted interest and resistance to change, as well as unusual responses to sensory experiences. "There is no simple fix," Greenberg said. "It takes thousands of hours of different therapies to make a difference, but what a difference the effort makes." "I have personally witnessed my own son Joshua's huge progress," said Greenberg. "He still has autism, but now he can communicate some of his needs and desires. "Plus," he said, "medical experts told me my son would never call me 'daddy.' Well, now he calls me 'daddy' all the time." "Each child should be provided with individualized treatment programs designed to improve his [or her] deficit areas," said Dr. Catherine Minch, workshop supervisor from the Center for Autism and Related Disorders, an organization with global outreach. Through quarterly visits to the island, Dr. Minch provides behavioral service consultations for the Maui Autism Center, offering the latest scientifically proven behavioral services to patients and their families. "The Maui center is a safe and nurturing environment that is customized to each child's individual needs," she said. "We excel at making learning fun," said Denise Greenberg, executive director of the Maui Autism Center. "We offer a trained staff, top-notch autism experts, individualized curriculum, speech and language pathology, occupational therapy, counseling behavioral support, parent training, progress reports, with quarterly parent-staff workshops," she said. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is one of the notable treatment approaches used at the center. ABA offers picture exchange, also known as social stories, which teach the children how to behave in certain social situations. Such learning and preparation are key to success out in the community. At the Maui Autism Center, many lives have been changed for the better, as little gains become big accomplishments. "We cried the first time our son wrote his name, rode a horse or swam across a swimming pool," said Denise. "To this day, I still marvel and think back on just how far he and all the children at the center have come." "Our son has been given a chance to make it on an island that really doesn't have much help for a child like ours," said a parent who searched for three-and-a-half years for something that would really work. "The center and staff are unique and a blessing to parents who don't know where to turn for help," he said. "Our son began improving immediately through the scientifically proven method of ABA and other therapies, along with much kindness and compassion." "In a number of aspects, the things taught and the activities at the center are just like those in a traditional school," said Tina Cote, behavioral intervention specialist at the Maui Autism Center. "However, we teach them in a different way because our kids learn differently," she said. Cote emphasized the importance of working with the disorder, not against it. "We hope that as more people become aware that autism is now an epidemic, they will take time to educate themselves on this disorder," said Cote. Meanwhile, the Maui Autism Center continues its indispensible mission.

Lake Constance (Bodensee in German) is Germany’s largest lake, although it also laps against Austria and Switzerland. Despite its size it is ridiculously easy to get around, with trains shuffling along the shore and ferries criss

Lake Constance (Bodensee in German) is Germany’s largest lake, although it also laps against Austria and Switzerland. Despite its size it is ridiculously easy to get around, with trains shuffling along the shore and ferries criss-crossing the lake. A logical starting point is the town from which the lake derives its (English) name, an enclave on the Swiss shore. Constance’s well-preserved old town includes the partly-timbered Konzil building dating back to the 14th century, but its serene waterfront location belies its history; this was once the scene of tempestuous episodes in the history of the Catholic Church. The nearby island of Mainau is largely given over to gardens, carpeted in extravagant floral display from the appearance of the first snowdrops in late winter. Working clockwise around the lake, the next major port of call is the medieval town of Meersburg. It rises steeply from the shore and is watched over by not one but two castles, the older of which dates back to the 7th Century. Moving west, the large town of Friedrichshafen announces itself with a gleaming white Art Deco building. This is the Zeppelin Museum, recording the town’s key role in the ill-fated history of airships. Finally, just before the Austrian border is Lindau, on an island joined to the lake shore by a causeway. The entrance to its idyllic harbor is guarded by a lighthouse and a pedestal-mounted lion. Once ashore, a medieval street plan reveals a stunning ensemble of historic buildings. Their careful restoration is the product of justifiable civic pride. For much of its existence, Lindau was an independent city within the Holy Roman Empire. But these are just the main centers: just about any spot you care to alight on the shores of Lake Constance is likely to reward exploration.

EHDI National Goals National Goals, Program Objectives, and Performance Measures for the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) Tracking and Surveillance System Goal 1. All newborns will be screened for hearing loss before 1 month of

EHDI National Goals National Goals, Program Objectives, and Performance Measures for the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) Tracking and Surveillance System Goal 1. All newborns will be screened for hearing loss before 1 month of age, preferably before hospital discharge. |Program Objectives||Performance Indicators| |1.1 Universal screening. All birthing facilities will have a universal newborn and infant hearing screening (UNHS) program that screens all newborns. Small hospitals that do not screen newborns will refer infants to a screening program.| a. Number and percent of birthing hospitals in the state that screen at least 98% of infants before discharge. b. Number and percent of small hospitals that do not screen but have plans for referral of infants to a screening program, including designation of responsible staff positions(s) and timeline. c. Number and percent of infants screened before hospital discharge. d. Number and percent of infants screened before 1 month of age. e. Number and percent of infants whose families refuse screening. |1.2 Information on newborn hearing and the screening process. All birthing facilities will have linguistically appropriate and culturally sensitive brochures or other materials to inform parent(s) or guardians of newborns about the newborn hearing and screening process before the infant is screened.| a. Number and percent of pregnant women that received EHDI information before delivery. b. Number and percent of new parents that receive EHDI information in the hospital at the time of delivery. c. Number and percent of hospitals that provide information packets in Spanish, or other languages spoken by at least 5% of the population. |1.3 Demographic data. All hospitals will collect demographic data such as race/ethnicity, educational level of the mother, and type of insurance covered before hospital discharge.| a. Number and percent of infants in each racial/ethnic group. b. Percent of infants whose mothers are in each category of level of education. c. Number and percent of mothers in each insurance category. |1.4 Out of hospital births. States will have a mechanism to ensure that infants not born in birthing hospitals will receive a hearing screening.||a. Number and percent of infants born out of hospital. b. Number and percent of infants born out of the hospital that received a hearing screening before one month of age.| |1.5 Financial barriers. Each state will develop a system to reduce/eliminate financial barriers to newborn hearing screening.||a. Published guidelines to reduce financial barriers that include information for parents on how to receive financial help or free screening and/or diagnostic services. b. Number of hospitals or other relevant organizations to which the guidelines were distributed, including designation of responsible staff and timelines.| |1.6 Reporting. Results of the hearing screening will be provided to the infant’s parents and primary care provider (PCP).||a. Forms and stated protocol for providing screening results to parents and PCP are available.| |1.7 Linkage and referral to audiologic follow-up. Each state will identify a linkage system to ensure that all infants who do not pass the hearing screening will have appropriate referral for diagnostic evaluation. Referral rates will be 4 percent or less.||a. Number and percent of infants that do not pass the initial inpatient or outpatient screening and are referred for diagnostic audiologic evaluation. b. Number and percent of infants who were referred for diagnostic evaluation.| |1.8 Education and training. Hospitals or EHDI program will have a training plan for all service providers, including screeners (inpatient and outpatient), nurses, and physicians.||a. Yearly or semiannual list of training sessions completed (or planned) for screeners, nurses, and physicians.| |1.9 Screening protocols. Hospitals will have written hearing screening protocols that include standard policies, procedures for screening, and appropriate forms.||a. Copy of hearing screening protocols.| - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Hearing Loss Team 1600 Clifton Road Atlanta, GA 30333 TTY: (888) 232-6348 - Contact CDC-INFO

You report on how education secretary Michael Gove, who was a member of the Hay literary festival audience, publicly requested historian Niall Ferguson's help in designing a more "exciting and engaging history curriculum" (Empire strikes back: right

You report on how education secretary Michael Gove, who was a member of the Hay literary festival audience, publicly requested historian Niall Ferguson's help in designing a more "exciting and engaging history curriculum" (Empire strikes back: rightwing historian to get curriculum role, 31 May). As history teachers at a grammar school in Wirral, who were members of the same audience, we were dismayed. Ferguson condemned "junk history" in Britain's schools, criticised the school history curriculum, and proposed that children be taught that the "big story" of the last 500 years "is the rise of western domination of the world". We were, at first, enthused by Ferguson's ideas. You report his lament at the "near oblivion of ancient and medieval history"; his assertion that history should be compulsory up to GCSE: all music to our ears. However, fundamental difficulties with his research and ideas soon emerged. Ferguson informed the audience that the current national curriculum is simply a "smorgasbord" from which most history departments (including, presumably, the one his children attend) select Henry VIII, Hitler and Martin Luther King Jr for unimaginative, repetitive teaching. The slide on which he displayed his idea of what the national curriculum consists of was, in fact, two years out of date. The curriculum for 11- to 14-year-olds now requires history to be taught through a combination of "overview, thematic and depth studies". At least medieval, early modern, industrial and 20th-century periods must be taught. We must teach about the development of power from the Middle Ages to the 20th century; conflict and co-operation between countries and peoples; and the impact of political and economic developments on past world societies. The detail is left, as it should be, to teachers. At Upton Hall School, we examine power through the ages, beginning in Year 7 with slaves herding voters into the Athenian assem

Assessing the Influence of Historical Factors, Contemporary Processes, and Environmental Conditions on the Distribution of Invasive Species1 By McDonald, Robert I Motzkin, Glenn; Foster, David R MCDONALD, R. I

Assessing the Influence of Historical Factors, Contemporary Processes, and Environmental Conditions on the Distribution of Invasive Species1 By McDonald, Robert I Motzkin, Glenn; Foster, David R MCDONALD, R. I. (Graduate School of Design, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138), G. MOTZKIN AND D. R. FOSTER (Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA 01366). Assessing the influence of historical factors, contemporary processes, and environmental conditions on the distribution of invasive species. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 135: 260-271. 2008.-Despite concern over potential detrimental effects of non-native invasive species on human and natural systems, the factors controlling regional distributions of invasive species remain unresolved. Few studies have evaluated the influence of both environmental factors and disturbance history on invasive species distributions, or assessed synthetically the importance of landscape- level disturbances like historical land-use, forest harvesting, and contemporary forest fragmentation. We analyzed vegetation, soils, and recent and historical land-use and landscape context for forests across central and western Massachusetts to identify controls on invasive species distributions. Almost half (49.3%) of 148 randomly selected sites had at least one non-native invasive plant present, and invasive species occurred more frequently on former agricultural sites than in continuous woodlands. We used logistic regression to model the probability of finding the four most common species: Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC), glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula L.), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr.), and oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculata Thunb.). Soil richness was the most important predictor of invasive presence, with rich soils (i.e., lower C:N) being more likely to have these species. The structure of the current forested landscape (i.e., the amount of forest within a 10 km buffer around a site) is also important, with sites that are surrounded by more forest being less likely to have invasives. After accounting for variation in C:N ratios and the structure of the current forested landscape, historical land-use was not a significant predictor of non-native species occurrence; however, C:N ratios may be influenced by historical land-use and by current vegetation, thus complicating interpretations of this edaphic variable. Recent forest harvesting increased the likelihood of invasive occurrence for some but not all species. Overall, our results suggest that regional patterns of invasive plant distributions result from a complex function of edaphic conditions, and present and historical land-uses. Key words: Berberis thunbergii, Celastrus orbiculata, disturbance, edge effects, forest management, glossy buckthorn, invasive plant species, Japanese barberry, land-use legacies, Massachusetts, multiflora rose, oriental bittersweet, Rhamnus frangula, Rosa multiflora. Non-native invasive plants may exert sig- nificant negative impacts on human and natural systems, making it critical to under- stand the factors that control the distribution of these species (Sakai et al. 2001, With 2002, Levine et a!. 2004). Previous studies have identified the importance of environmental factors (e.g., light, soil nutrients, etc.) and disturbance, including relatively recent land-use changes (e.g., Verheyen et al. 2003), in controlling the establishment and spread of invasive plants (Hobbs and Huenneke 1992, Lonsdale 1999, Lugo and Helmer 2004). A substantial body of evidence suggests that historical land-use practices, sometimes centuries past, strongly affect the modern distributions of many native plant species (Foster and Aber 2004). However, few studies have evaluated historical land-use influences on invasive species distributions. In this paper, we present an analysis of the common non-native invasive plant species of central and western Massachusetts forests (USA) to determine the relative importance of historical land-use, modern land-use, and edaphic conditions in controlling the distribution of invasives. Few studies of invasives have been conducted at this landscape scale (Forman 1995), as opposed to site-specific (e.g., Battles et al. 2001) or continental analyses (e.g., Stohlgren et al. 1999), with some notable exceptions (e.g., Deutschewitz et al. 2003, Chytry et al. 2005). We present baseline data on the distribution of invasives in the region and model their distribution. Our overall hypothesis is that the pattern of historical land-use continues to affect invasive species distributions, modulated by environmental conditions and contemporary processes (Fig. 1). FIG. 1. Hypothesized relationship of environmental conditions, historical factors, and contemporary processes to invasive plant species presence in western Massachusetts. See text for an explanation of each factor, and the sign of its relationship to invasive presence. Note that soil richness and site wetness may directly affect invasives, and may also affect invasives through differences in historical land-use intensity among sites with different soils. HYPOTHESES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND HISTORICAL CONTROLS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE SPECIES. Environmental conditions, particularly edaphic factors such as soil nutrients and site moisture, control the distribution of many forest plant species in the region (Motzkin et al. 1999, Bellemare et al. 2005). In particular, calcareous or mafic bedrock often gives rise to relatively rich soils, with higher base saturation and lower C:N ratios (Brady and Weil 2002), that support a greater diversity of native plant species than do poorer soils (Searcy

Green Mountain Coffee Roasters is funding a fantastic biochar processing project through the NGOs Radio Lifeline and Black Earth Project in Rwanda. One of the lesser known and most underestimated renewable energy options, biochar is a process that breaks down biomass into a

Green Mountain Coffee Roasters is funding a fantastic biochar processing project through the NGOs Radio Lifeline and Black Earth Project in Rwanda. One of the lesser known and most underestimated renewable energy options, biochar is a process that breaks down biomass into a fertilizing substance that sequesters carbon, and that is the stuff that makes the Amazon’s soil so productive. The project is impressive in the many social objectives it accomplishes; it will help Rwandan coffee farmers to reduce their climate impact while increasing agricultural resilience to climate change, it will reduce waste and improve coffee sustainability, and will provide jobs at the social enterprise in Africa that makes the biochar kilns. Here is how it works. Biochar production is a closed loop process that turns waste (coffee plantation waste, in this case, but also including manure and other organic waste products) into biofuels

Contents - Previous - Next This is the old United Nations University website. Visit the new site at http://unu.edu INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION SYSTEM A recent example of the development process described above, which also serves to alleviate

Contents - Previous - Next This is the old United Nations University website. Visit the new site at http://unu.edu INDUS BASIN IRRIGATION SYSTEM A recent example of the development process described above, which also serves to alleviate salinity problems in waterlogged areas, is the On-Farm Water Management Development Project (OFWMDP) which was implemented in the Indus Basin in 1976 (Skogerboe, Kemper and Reuss, 1980). Pakistan has one of the world's largest contiguous irrigation systems with water from the mighty Indus and its tributaries serving approximately 13 million hectares of land (Figure 6). In most of this area, irrigation is a prerequisite of crop production. The original irrigation system was built to command more land area than could be irrigated by the water diverted from the Indus River and its tributaries. During any particular season the farmers are normally irrigating and cropping about 60 per cent of their land area. Consequently, additional water delivered to the farmer's field can generally be utilized and translated into more acres cropped and harvested. A modern irrigation conveyance system was first constructed in Pakistan by the British in the late 1800s. About 10 million hectares actually receive surface water. Today there are more than 100,000 tubewells supplementing the Indus system and over 200,000 persian wheels which also provide supplemental water. There are about 3 million individual farms with a median size of 2.1 hectares. This probably constitutes the greatest single agricultural potential in the world. Figure 6. Indus Basin Irrigation System Pakistan has over 80,000 watercourses with an average cultivable command area of 162 hectares each. This means that the average watercourse serves 40 farmers and that a normal village of 100 to 120 farms will have approximately three watercourses. Since watercourse command areas are topographically determined and land ownership is not, it can happen that one watercourse serves land owned by farmers in different villages. Conceivably, either the watercourse or the village could serve as the basic organizational unit for a water management programme. Method of Irrigation The irrigation system is so constructed that water flows from the minor canals through turnouts (moghas) supplying water to a village area. The farmers themselves operate and maintain their distribution system. There are no headgates at the moghas and if a particular canal has water in it, there is water in every watercourse (khal) on that canal. The farmers on the watercourse use the entire flow in turns based on farm size, and each has a fixed time each week, ten days, or two weeks to use this water. This system of rotation is called a warabundi. The topography of the Indus basin is flat. The general slope downstream averages from about nine inches to one foot per mile. Natural drainage ways are not readily apparent. Practically no artificial drains have been constructed, therefore surface drainage for irrigation water is virtually nonexistent either from artificial or natural drains. Irrigation water passing through each mogha, as well as surface runoff during the monsoon season, is therefore utilized on that particular watercourse area as there is no provision to let it pass to an area of lower elevation. The inundation or level basin system of irrigation is used extensively in Pakistan. The flat topography might suggest this practice but actually the constraints are such that no other system is possible. The non-runoff restriction requires either a system in which water is applied precisely according to the infiltration rate or it must be ponded. The low infiltration capacities of most soils make it impossible to get sufficient water into the soil profile during one irrigation turn. The level basin system has been utilized because it exactly fits these resources and constraints. Furrow irrigation is practiced with some crops and it is interesting to observe that the furrows are constructed to provide for a great deal of storage. The ponding method, then, is also used with this system; the furrow is made very broad and will store sufficient water to fill the soil reservoir even though infiltration rates require that the opportunity time be much longer than the warabundi turn. Unlined Watercourse Channels In most watercourses, losses can be significantly reduced by providing the channels with proper design specifications (cross section, slope, etc.); replacing the permeable side banks with fresh compacted soil; and installing concrete outlets. This type of improvement uses relatively little capital and can utilize labour that is available during slack periods of the year. In the watercourse rebuilding projects conducted to date, farmer communities have been selected that can speak for all the water users and mobilize labour as needed. With forty or fifty independent farmers, coming from as many as ten different brotherhood groups (biradris), organizing farmers is no easy task. The earliest earthen watercourse improvement programmes were in villages that had demonstrated a capability for co-operat

In addition, proponents and land managers should refer to the Recovery Plan (where available) or the Conservation Advice (where available) for recovery, mitigation and conservation information. |EPBC Act Listing Status||Cetacean| |Adopted

In addition, proponents and land managers should refer to the Recovery Plan (where available) or the Conservation Advice (where available) for recovery, mitigation and conservation information. |EPBC Act Listing Status||Cetacean| |Adopted/Made Recovery Plans| Australian National Guidelines for Whale and Dolphin Watching (Department of the Environment and Heritage, 2005e) [Information Sheet]. |Scientific name||Lagenorhynchus cruciger | |Species author||(Quoy and Gaimard,1824)| This is an indicative distribution map of the present distribution of the species based on best available knowledge. See map caveat for more information. No population estimates available but presumably abundant judging by frequency of sightings. Probably circumpolar in pelagic waters of the Subantarctic and Antarctic zones, south of the S

Curators Leanne L’Hirondelle, Amber Dawn Bear-Robe The prairie region was one of the last in Canada to be colonized. Complex issues resulting from colonial practices such as the residential school system and forced removal from

Curators Leanne L’Hirondelle, Amber Dawn Bear-Robe The prairie region was one of the last in Canada to be colonized. Complex issues resulting from colonial practices such as the residential school system and forced removal from traditional lands still affect First Nations and Métis people in the Pimâskweyâw region. The result has been a need to come to terms with a legacy of genocide and to face subsequent losses such as, for example, traditional language. This exhibition examines the experience of Aboriginal women in Saskatchewan and Manitoba through the work of five acclaimed artists working in diverse media, including including performance, video and two-dimensional works. Joi Arcand (Saskatoon), Peter Brass and Helder Maruicio Carvajal (Regina), Robin Brass (Regina), and Jackie Traverse (Winnipeg) each look at their own experiences with unique insights, demonstrating the diversity and powe

Health Risks and Health Benefits Associated with Eating Farmed and Wild Salmon CALS Impact Statement Beginning in 2004, the research team published a series of articles reporting findings about chemical contaminants in farmed Atlantic salmon and wild Pacific salmon,

Health Risks and Health Benefits Associated with Eating Farmed and Wild Salmon CALS Impact Statement Beginning in 2004, the research team published a series of articles reporting findings about chemical contaminants in farmed Atlantic salmon and wild Pacific salmon, and suggested policy responses to address the problem. Later work in 2005 provided quantitative comparisons of health risks from potential contaminant exposure with probable health benefits associated with the omega-3 fatty acids in these fish. The team`s work provides insights to consumers about making informed choices about fish consumption to meet individual health goals. The annual production of farmed Atlantic salmon has increased by a factor of 40 during the past two decades, and now stands at about 1 million metric tons a year. Atlantic salmon from farms in northern Europe, North America, and Chile are now available widely year-round at relatively low prices. Salmon farms have been criticized for their ecological effects, but the potential human health risks of farmed salmon consumption have not been examined rigorously. The health benefits of eating fish such as salmon have been well documented, focusing particulary on the benefits associated with omega-3 fatty acids. However, salmon are relatively fatty carnivorous fish that feed high in the food web, and as such, they bioaccumulate contaminants. The potential risks of eating contaminated farmed salmon have not been well evaluated, nor compared with the potential health benefits of salmon consumption. Contaminants of concern include a variety of organochlorines, including PCBs, dioxins, toxaphene, and dieldrin, which have been associated with a variety of cancer and non-cancer health effects, the latter including adverse neurobehavioral and immune effects. Previous studies examining contaminants in farmed Atlantic salmon are inconclusive because of their very small sample sizes and narrow geographic representation. More information is needed regarding the extent of contaminants in farmed Atlantic salmon so that consumers may make informed purchasing decisions, and policy makers may direct their efforts to critical issues associated with the quality of the food supply and of the environment generally. Cornell faculty participated with colleagues at other universities in a global comparison of contaminant levels in farmed Atlantic salmon vs. wild Pacific salmon, an analysis of farmed salmon feed, and a comparison of omega-3 fatty acids in these fish. We measured organochlorine contaminants and omega-3 fatty acids in approximately 700 farmed and wild salmon (totaling about 2 metric tons) collected from around the world. We assessed the variation in contaminant loads between farmed Atlantic and wild Pacific salmon, and among geographic regions, and we calculated the human health risks and health benefits associated with salmon consumption. Concentrations of the contaminants we analyzed were significantly higher in farmed Atlantic salmon than in wild Pacific salmon. European-raised farmed salmon had significantly greater contaminant loads than those raised in North and South America, indicating the need for further investigation into the sources of contamination. These general contaminant trends held true for contaminant levels within salmon feed. Risk analysis indicated that consumption of farmed Atlantic salmon may pose health risks that detract from the beneficial effects of fish consumption. Our findings suggest issues that should be considered by the farmed salmon industry, salmon consumers, fish markets and grocers, and food safety policy makers. These issues include developing more vegetable-based fish feed products, labeling salmon as farmed or wild, labeling fish with the country of origin, and re-examining current food contaminant standards. Risk-benefit analysis suggested that for persons with a history of cardiac disease, the health benefits of salmon consumption associated with omega-3 fatty acid intake may outweigh the health risks associated with exposure to chemical contaminants. The results further suggest that this benefit-risk equation can be maximized by selecting farmed Atlantic salmon from less-contaminated regions (e.g., Chile). The Hundreds of media articles (newspaper, magazine) and shows (radio, television) throughout the United States, Canada, and Europe have focused on our global assessment of contaminants in farmed vs. wild salmon since it was published in Science in January, 2004, and the

A cell phone mockup with conventional antenna. The nation's 5.6 million hearing aid users sometimes get too much buzz from interference by nearby cellular phones. Some parts in the hearing aid act as unintended antennas and couple the energy from phones to

A cell phone mockup with conventional antenna. The nation's 5.6 million hearing aid users sometimes get too much buzz from interference by nearby cellular phones. Some parts in the hearing aid act as unintended antennas and couple the energy from phones to the hearing devices. The coupled energy is demodulated in the phone's amplifier circuits, producing the irritating buzz hearing aid wearers know so well. ECE graduate student Taeyoung Yang says the solution could be a new antenna. He proposes solving this problem with a UWB antenna that minimizes near-field radiation from the phone as well as interference to hearing aids, pacemakers, and other medical devices. Yang, with advisors William Davis and Warren Stutzman, designed an antenna and installed it on a cellular phone mockup. The low-Q (ratio of total non-radiating energy to average radiated power per radian) antenna has low non-radiating stored energy in the near field, reducing interference with hearing aids and potential power absorption by the human head, while not reducing far field performance. A cell phone mockup with proposed UWB antenna. His project, entitled ‘Cellular Phone and Hearing Aid Interaction: An Antenna Solution,’ won a national honorable mention in the 2007 FEKO student competition for simulation techniques used to solve electromagnetic problems. He also received Virginia Tech's Torgersen Graduate Student Research Excellence Award for scientific originality and contribution.

Ögweöwe:ka: is a Seneca-language word meaning, roughly, Native Things. This project is meant to be a sampler of Native things from the RMSCs collectons, with an emphasis on Iroquois items

Ögweöwe:ka: is a Seneca-language word meaning, roughly, Native Things. This project is meant to be a sampler of Native things from the RMSCs collectons, with an emphasis on Iroquois items of all sorts. Ögweöwe:ka: - A Native American Sampler was a 2007-2008 project funded by the New York State Council on the Arts (NYSCA) to digitize selected Haudenosaunee and other Native American related materials housed at the Rochester Museum & Science Center, and to make these digitized images publicly available through the RMSC online catalog (http://libcat.rmsc.org). Although the NYSCA funding has ended, RMSC is dedicated to continuing this project in order to provide a rich and deep documentation of the Native American presence in Western New York. A total of 2,100 items from the RMSC collections have been included in LibCat as part of this project. Each one has been catalogued individually and has its own page in the LibCat system, and nearly all of them have one or more accompanying photographs or scans. Two hundred eighteen snapshots, photographs, and postcards from the Freeman C. Johnson collection were digitized and catalogued for this project. These images range from formal to informal settings, and often depict Chief Johnson and others wearing traditional Seneca or Plains-style dress. They document the life, activities, and values of this important Native American statesman. Additionally, 813 photographic negatives from the RMSC Anthropology Department, many of them glass plates, were selected, scanned, and catalogued for this project. This collection includes photographs taken by Dr. Arthur C. Parker and others dating from the first decades of the twentieth century, often depicting scenes, activities, and people on New York Indian Reservations. Also included in the collection are scenes at archaeological excavations conducted by the Rochester Museum of Arts & Sciences, and objects from the museums collection as well as from those of other archaeologists. Yet others depict exhibits, dioramas, and models at the Rochester Museum and the New York State Museum. The 363 items in the Freeman C. Johnson Archives were individually digitized and catalogued for this project. Included are handwritten and typescript manuscripts, published works, notes, and memorabilia. In all cases except for the published works, each page is digitized individually and available in LibCat, so that it is possible to read entire documents with ease. The finding aid to the archive has also been digitized and is available online. Two hundred fifty items of the thousands of pieces in the Indian Arts Project (IAP) were selected for the Ögweöwe:ka: project and are searchable in LibCat. The IAP was the brainchild of Dr. Arthur C

Introduction to Salt¶ We’re not just talking about NaCl. The 30 second summary¶ - a configuration management system, capable of maintaining remote nodes in defined states (for example, ensuring that specific packages are installed and specific services are

Introduction to Salt¶ We’re not just talking about NaCl. The 30 second summary¶ - a configuration management system, capable of maintaining remote nodes in defined states (for example, ensuring that specific packages are installed and specific services are running) - a distributed remote execution system used to execute commands and query data on remote nodes, either individually or by arbitrary selection criteria It was developed in order to bring the best solutions found in the world of remote execution together and make them better, faster, and more malleable. Salt accomplishes this through its ability to handle large loads of information, and not just dozens but hundreds and even thousands of individual servers quickly through a simple and manageable interface. Providing versatility between massive scale deployments and smaller systems may seem daunting, but Salt is very simple to set up and maintain, regardless of the size of the project. The architecture of Salt is designed to work with any number of servers, from a handful of local network systems to international deployments across different datacenters. The topology is a simple server/client model with the needed functionality built into a single set of daemons. While the default configuration will work with little to no modification, Salt can be fine tuned to meet specific needs. The core functions of Salt: - enable commands to remote systems to be called in parallel rather than serially - use a secure and encrypted protocol - use the smallest and fastest network payloads possible - provide a simple programming interface Salt also introduces more granular controls to the realm of remote execution, allowing systems to be targeted not just by hostname, but also by system properties. Building on prov

What is now Anchor, Town 24, Range 6 east of the Third Principal Meridian, is the easternmost of the middle tier of townships of McLean County, being bounded on the east by Ford County, and is just about

What is now Anchor, Town 24, Range 6 east of the Third Principal Meridian, is the easternmost of the middle tier of townships of McLean County, being bounded on the east by Ford County, and is just about midway between Indian Grove on the north and Cheney’s Grove on the south, Burr Oak Grove on the east and Old Town Timber on the west. During most of its history it has been a part of Cropsey and, of course, its history is much blended with that. The reader is referred, therefore, to Cropsey for many things which the writer does not deem best to repeat here. Until 1877, this town and Cropsey were together in political organization. A little unfriendliness had grown up ; there did not seem to be any convenient common center for holding town meetings, and a little strife was known to exist between the north and south ends on town affairs. In 1876, a petition was presented to the Board of Supervisors, signed by many of the principal citizens, asking to have the town divided. The Board granted the petition, and at the suggestion of George R. Back, who was then Supervisor, the new town was named Anchor. What small debts there were, were equitably divided, and the township ” property,” consisting of a record-book and Clerk’s desk, were parted between them, Cropsey taking the desk and Anchor the book. Since the setting-off of Anchor, the following township officers have been elected : Supervisors, G. It. Buck and J. T. Tanner ; Clerk, J. C. Swatsley ; Assessors, S. P. Howell, J. C. Swatsley; Collector, A. Claypool; Justices, J. T. Tanner, C. M. Grapes ; Commissioners of Highways, A. Crotinger, H. A. Thompson. The town has usually been Republican.. No citizen of Cropsey or Anchor has ever been elevated to political or judicial office of the county or State. While this is not strange, and by the citizens themselves not regretted, as they have not been “seeking office,” and, with all the reforms which have been instituted, the time has not come yet when the office seeks the man in all cases, still it is a little singular that two of the local clergy who resided here, moved into adjoining counties to be soon sent to the Legislature. Mr. A. J. Cropsey moved to Livingston County, and was in 1862, elected to the Legislature, and Rev. J. I. Robinson, who, in 1869, moved to Ford County, was, in 1874, elected to that body by the Republicans of Ford and Livingston counties. There are two post offices in Anchor, established about two years ago. Both are served twice a week by the mail carrier’s line running through from Fairbury to Saybrook. Garda Post Office, which received its name from the famous Italian lake, is at the house of C. W. Kingsley on Section 9, near the iron bridge, and Dart Post Office, at the house of Samuel Cary, on Section 33.

|Duur||4.0 dagen||Type cursus||Publiek/privaat onsite| |Prijs||Set by Partner| This course enables students to perform everyday tasks using the AIX operating system. Learn basic AIX/

|Duur||4.0 dagen||Type cursus||Publiek/privaat onsite| |Prijs||Set by Partner| This course enables students to perform everyday tasks using the AIX operating system. Learn basic AIX/UNIX commands, features and functions through lectures and hands-on lab exercises. This basic course is intended for anyone who requires basic AIX/UNIX user skills to be able to work in an AIX environment. This course is also a prerequisite for many courses in the AIX Systems Administration curriculum. Students attending this course should be familiar with basic information technology (IT) concepts and the role of an operating system. This course will succeed the AIX Basics (AU13V1NL) course from September 1st, 2010 onwards.

Tags: Affirmative Action, African Americans, American women, black, Civil Rights, Civil Rights Act, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Constitutional rights, equality of opportunity, ethnicity, European Americans, Prejudice, Public Accomad

Tags: Affirmative Action, African Americans, American women, black, Civil Rights, Civil Rights Act, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Constitutional rights, equality of opportunity, ethnicity, European Americans, Prejudice, Public Accomadations, The U.S. Constitution, Title IX, white Today, some fifty years after the Civil Rights Act was signed many Americans still do not know what it was about and some of the results of the signing. From a political and historical perspective, the 1964 signing of the Act by President Lyndon B. Johnson spelled the beginning of the end of the Democratic Party in the South. For African Americans, women, and other American minorities, it represented the beginning of new opportunities for life, liberties and the pursuit of happiness. Many European Americans viewed the Civil Rights Act as the government’s efforts to give special privileges to African Americans. The reason for the Act was due to many ethnic and minority Americans not being able to enjoy the rights and privileges of a first class citizen. Many European Americans believe that the Civil Rights Acts was written specifically for African Americans because Martin Luther King, Jr.’s name has been associated with it. The truth is that the Act says absolutely nothing about African Americans or any other Ethnic Americans. So, the critics that try to discredit the Act by claiming it is for African Americans are just plain wrong. If one is serious about wanting to find fault with the ’64 Civil Rights Act, they need to take a time out and look at what has happened since the Act was signed. Women and other minorities were prevented from attending some of the most renowned colleges and universities simply because the colleges had the right to pick and choose who they wanted at their institutions. For proof, all one needs to do is look at the graduation class pictures of any of these schools and count how many women and minorities are included. Then find a picture of a recent graduating class and compare the number of minorities and women. Chances are the results will show a drastic increase of women and minorities in the recent pictures. Why, because the Civil Rights Act made it unlawful for institutions to discriminate against individuals because of their color and/or gender. As a result many women European American as well as African American women have benefited from the new opportunities provided by the Act. The first paragraph of the Act states that: To enforce the constitutional right to vote, to confer jurisdiction upon the district courts of the United States to provide injunctive relief against discrimination in public accommodations, to authorize the Attorney General to institute suits to protect constitutional rights in public facilities and public education, to extend the Commission on Civil Rights, to prevent discrimination in federally assisted programs, to establish a Commission on Equal Employment Opportunity, and for other purposes. If we look at the results that the Civil Rights Acts have had on African Americans, we discover a mixed- bag of experiences. The purpose of the Act was to ensure justice and fairness for all Americans because before the Act, only European American males enjoyed the liberties and privileges afforded the first class citizens. Discrimination against African Americans, women, and other American minorities existed in education, employment, public accommodations as well as some federal programs. Since the passage of the Act many Americans have experienced opportunities to improve their lives, none more than the European American female. So, for someone to say that civil rights is for African Americans is false; all Americans have civil rights, it is just that African Americans, women, and other Americans minorities were never provided with the opportunity to enjoy theirs. The passage of the ’64 Civil Rights Act did not bring immediate relief to those Americans who had been discriminated against since the beginning of American society. A brief reminder of the past tells us that the American women did not get the vote until 1920; African Americans attended segregated public schools until 1954; and it was not until the 1964 Civil Rights Acts that women began making headway in the medical and legal professions. Again, we are not speaking of African American women, but all American women. Much of the recent progress of Africa

How to Choose a Needle for Machine Sewing Sewing machine needles, like their hand-sewing counterparts, should be chosen according to the weight and texture of the fabric to be sewn. A little education about machine needles will help you avoid

How to Choose a Needle for Machine Sewing Sewing machine needles, like their hand-sewing counterparts, should be chosen according to the weight and texture of the fabric to be sewn. A little education about machine needles will help you avoid damaging your machine and your fabric or -- even worse -- yourself when the needle breaks and flies out of the machine. Write down the make and model of your sewing machine and take the information with you when you purchase needles in order to verify compatibility. Know that most readily available machine needles are sized from 9 to 18 -- the smaller the number, the smaller the needle. This remains true, even if the needles you purchase use a different numbering system. Check the label on the needle package before you make a purchase. For most brands, there will be a sizing guide that will tell you which fabrics can be sewn with the enclosed needles. Use standard sharp sewing machine needles in sizes 11 to 14 for most sewing projects. A smaller-sized needle is best for sheer or lightweight fabrics. Sizes 16 to 18 are used for heavyweight fabrics like denim or canvas. Use ball-point machine needles to sew knits or other stretchy fabrics. Their blunt edges allow the thread to pass between the fabric's fibers rather than through them. This is crucial for maintaining the fabric's elasticity. Use wedge-point machine needles to sew leather, suede and vinyl. The shape of this needle will create a slit (rather than a large hole) through which the thread will pass. Change your needle at the start of each project. A worn or damaged needle will cause skipped or uneven stitches and may damage your fabric. Purchase a package of assorted needle sizes if you are unsure which is appropriate for your fabric. Test the various sizes on some scrap fabric until you determine the correct size to use. - Refer to your sewing machine manual to determine which needles are compatible with your machine model. - Know that both ball-point and wedge-point needles are sized in the same manner as the standard variety -- the higher the size number, the larger the needle. - Use sewing machine needles for most sergers. Check your serger manual, however, to make sure that a special needle is not required.

Lake Cachuma and Bradbury Dam are located on the Santa Ynez River about 25 miles northwest of Santa Barbara. Bradbury Dam is owned and operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and was completed in 1953.

Lake Cachuma and Bradbury Dam are located on the Santa Ynez River about 25 miles northwest of Santa Barbara. Bradbury Dam is owned and operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and was completed in 1953. Water is diverted from the reservoir through the 6.4 mile Tecolote Tunnel through the Santa Ynez mountains to the South Coast region. From the tunnel outlet, the water is carried through the 24 mile South Coast Conduit. About midway down the conduit, water is treated at the City’s Cater Water Treatment Plant and distributed to residents within the City’s service area, as well as put back into the conduit for delivery to residents in Montecito, Summerland and Carpinteria. City of Santa Barbara Goleta Water District Montecito Water District Carpinteria Valley Water District Santa Ynez River Water Conservation District, Improvement Dist. N

Washington An outbreak of listeria in cantaloupe that has killed as many as four people is a mystery to disease specialists who are used to seeing the pathogen in deli meats and soft cheeses. About 800 cases of listeria are

Washington An outbreak of listeria in cantaloupe that has killed as many as four people is a mystery to disease specialists who are used to seeing the pathogen in deli meats and soft cheeses. About 800 cases of listeria are found in the United States each year, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and there usually are three or four outbreaks. Produce has rarely been the culprit, but federal investigators say they have seen more produce-related listeria illnesses in the last two years. It was found in sprouts in 2009, celery in 2010 and now cantaloupe. “There are a lot of very good questions about where listeria is in the environment and how it gets in the fruit, and we don’t have all the answers,” said Dr. Robert Tauxe of the CDC. Tauxe said a likely scenario is that listeria — which often lives in wet, muddy conditions — from the farm or packing facility got on the outside of the fruit and then contaminated the edible portions when it was cut. Victims may have then kept the fruit in their refrigerator for some time, allowing the bacteria to grow. Unlike most pathogens, listeria will continue to grow when refrigerated. He said that while rare, listeria can be deadly. On average, it can be fatal for one in five who fall ill. Colorado officials said Friday that the contaminated melons were whole fruit from Jensen Farms in the Rocky Ford region of Colorado, and have been recalled. Twenty-two people so far have been sickened in seven states: Colorado, Indiana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and West Virginia. Two deaths have been confirmed by CDC, one each in Colorado and New Mexico, and two more in New Mexico are under investigation. Colorado’s chief medical officer, Chris Urbina, said listeria found in samples taken from Jensen Farms’ cantaloupe match the strain of the bacteria found in those who fell ill in that state. “I’m confident that it’s the only farm,” Urbina said. Listeria is found in many places in the environment — soil, water, air — and can easily contaminate animals which can in turn contaminate a food processing facility and stay there for a long period of time. While most healthy adults can consume it with no ill effects, it can kill the elderly and those with compromised immune systems. It is also dangerous to

Contact: Robert Boessenecker University of Otago Caption: Research detailing the fossil of a dwarf baleen whale, Herpetocetus, from Northern California reveals that it avoided extinction far longer than previously thought. The

Contact: Robert Boessenecker University of Otago Caption: Research detailing the fossil of a dwarf baleen whale, Herpetocetus, from Northern California reveals that it avoided extinction far longer than previously thought. The 4-5 metre long whale, thought to be the last survivor of the primitive baleen whale family called cetotheres, may be as young as 700,000 years old. The previously youngest-known fossils of this whale were from the pre-Ice Age Pliocene epoch; approximately 3 million years ago, a time before many modern marine mammals appeared. Baleen whales of this type were most common much earlier, about 10-15 million years ago. This graphic shows the geologic ages of Herpetocetus and various well known marine and land mammals from California, with a life restoration of Herpetocetus. Credit: R.W. Boessenecker Usage Restrictions: With credit to R.W. Boessenecker Related news release: Dwarf whale survived well into Ice Age

© All Rights Reserved OliP333 British Columbia's motto, Splendor sine occasu ("Splendour without diminishment") says it all. The natural beauty of the Rockie Mountains, the rugged coast along the Pacific Ocean, the

© All Rights Reserved OliP333 British Columbia's motto, Splendor sine occasu ("Splendour without diminishment") says it all. The natural beauty of the Rockie Mountains, the rugged coast along the Pacific Ocean, the history of Victoria or the big city vibe of Vancouver make British Columbia a big draw for travellers. British Columbia is the western most province in Canada, bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west, Alberta on the east, by the American state of Alaska on its northwest, and to the north by the Yukon and the Northwest Territories, on and on the south by the US states of Washington, Idaho, and Montana. British Columbia's coastline stretches for more than 27,000 kilometres, including deep, mountainous fjords and about 6,000 islands, most of which are uninhabited. The Coast Mountains and Canadian Rockies run the length of the province. More than three quarters of the province is considered mountainous; the Rocky Mountains run its length, flanked by a series of companion ranges. These are the Columbia, Monashee, Cariboo, Selkirk, Purcell, Cassiar, Omineca and Skeena ranges As well as being the home of British Columbia's capital city, Victoria, the island boasts has one of the world's most diverse ecosystems, consisting of rainforests, marshes, meadows, beaches, mountains, oceans, rivers and lakes all of which provide homes for multitudes of wildlife species. Nestled between Georgia Strait and the mainland are the Gulf Islands of British Columbia. Each island has its own distinctive geography, ranging from pastorial, farmland and orchards, sandy beaches to rocky beaches and rugged cliffs. British Columbia's large size and diverse geography means the climate can vary greatly from area to area. This creates wide variations in average hours of sunshine, rainfall, snowfall and temperatures, sometimes over very short distances. There is no "one size fits all" when discussing the geography and climate of British Columbia. British Columbia's geography ranges from temperate rain forest to the rugged and vast wilderness in northern areas of the province. From rain forest to lush agricultural areas, orchards, vineyards, grain fields, desert like areas of sand and rock formations with cacti and sagebrush, deep river valleys and tumbling waterfalls, towering mountains, glaciers, vast forests, rolling grasslands, and alpine tundra. The http://www.rockymountaineer.com|Rocky Mountaineer]] is two-day tour through the Canadian part of the Rocky Mountains. The train travels during the day, so you can enjoy the magnificent landscapes in the western part of this country, including canyons, rivers, valleys and glacial lakes. There are several trips possible, including the First Passage to the West route from Vancouver, British Columbia via Kamloops to Banff or Calgary in Alberta. Another one is the Journey through the Clouds route from Vancouver via Kamloops to Jasper, also in Alberta. The Rocky Mountaineer company also offers less popular but also spectacular trips to Whistler and Prince George, north of Vancouver, on the Rainforest to Gold Rush route (travelling via Prince George to Jasper) and Whistler Sea to Sky Climb, the latter being a daytrip from Vancouver. © All Rights Reserved whiterock British Columbia offers some of the best fishing opportunities in the world for all ages and styles. From the renowned salmon runs of the Fraser River to the superb still water lake fisheries of the British Columbian interior, spectacular Alpine lakes, and the saltwater fishery of the Pacific Coast, the diversity and breathtaking scenery will satisfy the most seasoned angler as well as the first time fisherman/woman. BC Fishing Resources: It should be no surprise that British Columbians take advantage of the rocky terrain by building mountain bike trails. Major areas for mountain biking include the north shore of Vancouver, Whistler and Revelstoke. One of the world's best mountain bike trails, the Seven Summits Trail, lies just outside the mountain biking paradise of Rossland. Everyone knows about Whistler, but British Columbia is full of great ski areas. Big White, outside Kelowna and Sun Peaks, outside Kamloops are two up and coming mountains. The Kootenays region of British Columbia is also full of small ski towns, most notably Rossland - home of Olympic and World Champion skier Nancy Greene - and Fernie With over 230,000 kilometres of coastline, it should come as no surprise that water sports are a popular activity in British Columbia. From multi-day sea kayak expeditions around the Haida Gwaii to an afternoon paddle around Deep Cove in North Vancouver to a day tour around Ucluelet on Vancouver Island, opportunities to explore the British Columbia coast from the water abound. Small, quiet and manouverable, kayaks are the perfect vehicle for close encounters with the abundant marine wildlife this province has to offer. Parts of British Columbia have a climate which is more comparable to the UK than to Canada. This is especially true for the southwestern parts where Vancouver is located. Summers here are pleasantly warm, between 20 °C and 23 °C while even winters on average are above zero with occasionally colder nights of around -10 °C. More to the north and especially inland though, winters can be much colder (down to -50

In recognition of World Pneumonia Day Statement by Leslie Cordes, Interim Executive Director, Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves Washington, DC — November 12, 2010 “Pneumonia is one of the leading

In recognition of World Pneumonia Day Statement by Leslie Cordes, Interim Executive Director, Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves Washington, DC — November 12, 2010 “Pneumonia is one of the leading killers of children in the developing world, in part because their health is compromised by the smoke they inhale from dirty and inefficient stoves used for cooking and heating. Clean cookstoves and fuels can play a critical role along with vaccines and antibiotics in reducing the harmful health impacts of smoke that affects millions of children every day. "The Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves is working with public and private partners around the globe to foster the thriving cookstove market and support services to women necessary to deploy clean cooking technologies that will decrease exposure to toxic smoke and the range of fatal and chronic diseases it causes.” For more information on the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves visit www.cleancookstoves.org.