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182 U.S. at 282. . _Downes_ , 182 U.S. at 287. . _Cong. Rec_., 56th Congress, 1st Session (March 16, 1896), 2820. . _Downes_ , 182 U.S. at 280. Responding to this juridical-racial assertion, Justice Harlan wrote: "The wise men who framed the Constitution, and the patriotic people who adopted it, were unwilling to depend for their safety upon what, in the opinion referred to, is described as 'certain principles of natural justice inherent in Anglo-Saxon character which need no expression in constitutions or statutes to give them effect or to secure dependencies against legislation manifestly hostile to their real interests.' They proceeded upon the theory—the wisdom of which experience has vindicated—that the only safe guarantee against governmental oppression was to withhold or restrict the power to oppress. They well remembered that Anglo-Saxons across the ocean had attempted, in defiance of law and justice, to trample upon the rights of Anglo-Saxons on this continent and had sought, by military force, to establish a government that could at will destroy the privileges that inhere in liberty" ( _Downes_ , 182 U.S. at 381 [Harlan, J., dissenting]). . In this light, on the close policy relationship between Theodore Roosevelt and Justice White, see Theodore Roosevelt to E. D. White (Oct. 19, 1903) and E. D. White to Theodore Roosevelt (1907), Theodore Roosevelt Papers. . _Dorr v. United States_ , 195 U.S. 138 (1904). Similar and related holdings were later expressed in _Rasmussen v. United States_ , 197 U.S. 516 (1905) and _Dowdell v. United States_ , 221 U.S. 325 (1911). . For an overview of the Philippines in the wake of the Treaty of Paris, see Smith, _The Spanish-American War_ , 216–31. For an introduction to American history in the Philippines, extending through World War II and to the present, see Stanley Karnow, _In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines_ (New York: Random House, 1989). . For one soldier's view of the process, see the anonymous "For Future Reference," published in the patriotic collection of poetry in _The Story of Our Wonderful Victories, Told by Dewey, Schley, Wheeler, and Other Heroes: A True History of Our War with Spain by the Officers and Men of Our Army and Navy_ (Philadelphia: American Book and Bible House, 1899), 509–608, 531–32: "Say, Aguinaldo, / You measly / Malay moke, / What's the matter with you? / Don't you know enough / To know / That when you don't see / Freedom, / Inalienable rights, / The American Eagle, / The Fourth of July, / The Star Spangled Banner, / And the Paladium of your Liberties, / All you've got to do is to ask for them? / Are you a natural born chump / Or did you catch it from the Spaniards? / You ain't bigger / Than a piece of soap / After a day's washing, / But, by gravy, you / Seem to think / You're a bigger man / Than Uncle Sam. / You ought to be shrunk /Young fellow; / And if you don't / Demalayize yourself / At an early date, / And catch on / To your golden glorious opportunities, / Something's going to happen to you / Like a Himalaya / Sitting down kerswot / On a gnat. / If you ain't / A yellow dog / You'll take in your sign / And scatter / Some Red, White and Blue / Disinfectant / Over yourself. / What you need, Aggie, / Is civilizing. / And goldarn / Your yaller percoon-skin, / We'll civilize you / Dead or alive. / You'd better / Fall into the / Procession of Progress / And go marching on to glory, / Before you fall / Into a hole in the ground. / Understand? / That's us— / U.S." The editors of the collection, who write that the War, "inspired poetry, much of it of a very high degree of excellence," seem not to have caught the irony of the poem (509). . See, e.g., William R. Wood, "The Saxons," in _The Story of Our Wonderful Victories_ , 554, which is more typical of the collection cited above: "We sing the fame of Saxon name, / And the spell of its world-wide power, / Of its triumphs vast in the glorious past, / And the might of the rising hour; / And our bosoms glow, for we proudly know / With the flag of right unfurled, / That the strength and skill of the Saxon will / Is bound to rule the world.... In days of yore from the Saxon shore / Our sea-born fathers came. / They conquered then by the might of men / And sword, and spear, and flame; / But to us 'tis given by the voice of Heaven, / With the peace flag far unfurled, / In our Union's might, by the power of Right, / To rule, 'neath God, the world.... 'Tis a mighty dower, this earth-wide power, / And a mighty task involves; / With our hearts steel-true, let us hold in view / The might of our high resolves; / Let us stand for Right in our race's might, / With our fearless flag unfurled; / For the might of Love from our God above / Is bound to rule the world." . Stuart Creighton Miller, _"Benevolent Assimilation": The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899–1903_ (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), 195, 187. . Brian M. Linn, "The Struggle for Samar," in James C. Bradford, ed., _Crucible of Empire: The Spanish-American War and Its Aftermath_ (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1993), 158–82, 158. For discussions of the notorious Samar campaign, see Joseph L. Schott, _The Ordeal of Samar_ (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1965). Samar assumed particular importance during the Philippine Insurrection because it was a critical supplier of commercial hemp. For an analysis that reveals the variety of military responses to the conflict in the Philippines, and suggests that military men acted with more than simple racist brutality, see Brian McAllister Linn, _The U.S. Army and Counterinsurgency in the Philippine War, 1899–1902_ (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989). . On the raid and the man who led it, see Pier, "Frederick Funston," _American Apostles to the Philippines_ , 13–26. . For an analysis of anti-imperialist opinion in this regard, see Daniel B. Schirmer, _Republic or Empire: American Resistance to the Philippine War_ (Cambridge: Schenkman, 1972), and Richard E. Welch, Jr., _Response to Imperialism: The United States and the Philippine-American War, 1899–1902_ (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979). . Miller, " _Benevolent Assimilation_ ," 169–70. . See Miller, " _Benevolent Assimilation_ ," 212–18, 239–45. . Arthur MacArthur, "Testimony of Arthur MacArthur," in Henry F. Graff, ed., _American Imperialism and the Philippine Insurrection: Testimony taken from Hearings on Affairs in the Philippine Islands Before the Senate Committee on the Philippines—1902_ (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1969), 135–45, 136. . Miller, " _Benevolent Assimilation_ ," 245. ### CHAPTER 3 . 43 Stat. 153 (1924). . My perspective on masculinity is informed by Gail Bederman, _Manliness & Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917_ (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995); Carole Pateman, _The Sexual Contract_ (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988); and George M. Fredrickson, _The Inner Civil War: Northern Intellectuals and the Crisis of the Union_ (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993 [1965]). . _The Chinese Exclusion Case. Chae Chan Ping v. United States_ , 130 U.S. 581 (1889). . _Takao Ozawa v. United States_ , 260 U.S. 178 (1922). . On the history of American immigration law, see Peter H. Schuck, "The Transformation of Immigration Law," _Columbia Law Review_ 84 (1) (Jan. 1984): 1–90; E. P. Hutchinson, _Legislative History of American Immigration Policy, 1798–1965_ (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981); George M. Stephenson, _A History of American Immigration, 1820–1924_ (New York: Russell & Russell, 1964); and Robert A. Divine, _American Immigration Policy, 1924–1952_ (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957). See
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that a handover scenario can comprise a plurality of second connections, i.e. that there can be several candidates to which the communication may be handed over. If this is the case, then the multicasting handover provides the data to all of the second connections. As an example, if there are two access routers, each associated with its own access network, for wireless communication with a mobile receiver, where the connections from the access routers to the mobile are link layer connections or links, then the performance of a multicast handover can be implemented by having the first access router (the access of the first link from which the communication is being handed over) duplicate the layer 3 (i.e. above the link layer) data units (e.g. IP packets) that are to be sent to the mobile receiver, and forward these to the second access router (the access router of the second connection to which the communication is being handed over). The second access router queues the multicast data units, and starts sending upon receiving an appropriate enablement signal.The Atlas of Endangered Alphabets: A Free Online Atlas That Helps Preserve Writing Systems That May Soon Disappear 3 min The United Nations, as you may or may not know, has designated 2019 the Year of Indigenous Languages. By fortunate coincidence, this year also happens to mark the tenth anniversary of the Endangered Alphabets Project. In 2009, its founder writes, “times were dark for indigenous and minority cultures.” Television and the internet had driven “a kind of cultural imperialism into every corner of the world. Everyone had a screen or wanted a screen, and the English language and the Latin alphabet (or one of the half-dozen other major writing systems) were on every screen and every keyboard” — putting at a great disadvantage those who could only read and write, say, Mandombe, Wancho, or Hanifi Rohingya. 2019, by contrast, turns out to be “a remarkable time in the history of writing systems” when, “in spite of creeping globalization, political oppression, and economic inequalities, minority cultures are starting to revive interest in their traditional scripts.” A variety of these scripts have found new lives as the material for works of art and design, and they’ve also received new waves of preservation-minded attention from activist groups and governments alike. But that doesn’t guarantee their survival through the 21st century, an unfortunate fact toward which the Endangered Alphabets Project’s Atlas of Endangered Alphabets exists to draw attention. Not all the scripts included in the Atlas are alphabets — “some are abjads, or abugidas, or syllabaries. A couple are even pictographic systems” — but all lack “official status in their country, state, or province” and “are not taught in government-funded schools.” All once enjoyed “widespread acceptance and use within their cultural and linguistic community,” but none do any longer, and though none are actually extinct, all suffer from endangerment as a consequence of their declining or emerging status (as well as, often, of “being dominated, bullied, ignored, or actively persecuted by another, more powerful culture”). You can explore the endangered languages by scrolling, zooming, and clicking the world map on the atlas’ front page. Or you can browse them all, from Adlam to Zo, on an alphabetically ordered list — ordered, of course, by the Roman alphabet, but full of examples of writing systems that differ in many and often surprising ways from it. Take, for example, the African Ditema tsa Dinoko script, which allows the writer to express with not just shape but color. Developed between 2010 and 2015 to write southern Bantu languages, it takes its forms from southern African murals of the kind painted by Esther Mahlangu, whose BMW art car appears in the Atlas of Endangered Alphabets’ gallery. BMW might consider commissioning another one emblazoned with official Ditema tsa Dinoko letters. With promotion that snazzy, what writing system could possibly go extinct? Based in Seoul, Colin Marshall writes and broadcasts on cities, language, and culture. His projects include the book The Stateless City: a Walk through 21st-Century Los Angeles and the video series The City in Cinema. Follow him on Twitter at @colinmarshall or on Facebook.No surprise here. Despite constant pressure from Israel and from some American Jewish groups, there is no chance that Jonathan Pollard will ever get out of prison in North Carolina, where he’s serving a life sentence for spying for Israel while a naval intelligence analyst. You can read a long 1999 takeout on the case — from the left — by Sy Hersh in The New Yorker: In the mid-nineteen-eighties, the daily report from the Navy’s Sixth Fleet Ocean Surveillance Information Facility (FOSIF) in Rota, Spain, was one of America’s Cold War staples. A top-secret document filed every morning at 0800 Zulu time (Greenwich Mean Time), it reported all that had gone on in the Middle East during the previous twenty-four hours, as recorded by the N.S.A.’s most sophisticated monitoring devices. The reports were renowned inside Navy commands for their sophistication and their reliability; they were based, as the senior managers understood it, on data supplied both by intelligence agents throughout the Middle East and by the most advanced technical means of intercepting Soviet military communications. The Navy’s intelligence facility at Rota shared space with a huge N.S.A. intercept station, occupied by more than seven hundred linguists and cryptographers, which was responsible for monitoring and decoding military and diplomatic communications all across North Africa. Many at Rota spent hundreds of hours a month listening while locked in top-secret compartments aboard American ships, aircraft, and submarines operating in the Mediterranean. The Navy’s primary targets were the ships, the aircraft, and, most important, the nuclear-armed submarines of the Soviet Union on patrol in the Mediterranean. Those submarines, whose nuclear missiles were aimed at United States forces, were constantly being tracked; they were to be targeted and destroyed within hours if war broke out. Pollard’s American interrogators eventually concluded that in his year and a half of spying he had provided the Israelis with more than a year’s worth of the daily FOSIF reports from Rota. Pollard himself told the Americans that at one point in 1985 the Israelis had nagged him when he missed several days of work because of illness and had failed to deliver the FOSIF reports for those days. One of his handlers, Joseph Yagur, had complained twice about the missed messages and had asked him to find a way to retrieve them. Pollard told his American interrogators that he had never missed again. The career intelligence officer who helped to assess the Pollard damage has come to view Pollard as a serial spy, the Ted Bundy of the intelligence world. “Pollard gave them every message for a whole year,” the officer told me recently, referring to the Israelis. “They could analyze it” — the intelligence — “message by message, and correlate it. They could not only piece together our sources and methods but also learn how we think, and how we approach a problem. All of a sudden, there is no mystery. These are the things we can’t change. You got this, and you got us by the balls.” In other words, the Rota reports, when carefully studied, gave the Israelis “a road map on how to circumvent” the various American collection methods and shield an ongoing military operation. The reports provide guidance on “how to keep us asleep, thinking all is working well,” he added. “They tell the Israelis how to raid Tunisia without tipping off American intelligence in advance. That is damage that is persistent and severe.” #more#That’s just for starters. Pollard’s advocates, and they are many, ingenuously claim that Pollard was, after all, spying for an ally. But in great power politics, there are no “allies,” only nations whose interests align, often temporarily, with ours. During the mid-80s, when Pollard was spying for Israel and being handsomely paid for it (he’s now an Israeli citizen), the Israelis were particularly susceptible to Soviet penetration and familial blackmail, and to say the U.S. intelligence community did not entirely trust them would be an understatement. Pollard’s activities not only exposed American methods, they almost certainly resulted in the roll-up — i.e. execution — of American intelligence assets in the Soviet bloc. Here’s how the New York Times saw the case in 1998, when prime minister Netanyahu was pressing President Clinton to release Pollard: At first glance, Mr. Pollard’s crimes might appear less reprehensible than other cold-war spying incidents. He gave information to an American ally that was already receiving American intelligence through official channels. But that argument, popular in Israel and among many American Jews, misses several critical points. American and Israeli national interests are not identical and not all American intelligence is suitable for transfer to Israel. While serving as a naval intelligence analyst in the mid-1980′s, Mr. Pollard delivered boxes full of highly sensitive documents to his Israeli handlers. The material included secretly obtained details of Soviet weapons designs, American encryption codes and manuals, spy satellite photos and information gleaned from American electronic eavesdropping stations. It also included material gathered by covert American operatives. Some of the material may later have fallen into Russian hands through K.G.B. operatives in Israel. Whoever saw these documents would know what
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debian | wc -l` -gt 0 ] ; then DISTRO=DEBIAN BASHRC=/etc/bash.bashrc fi if [ "$UID" != "$ROOT_UID" ] ; then echo "You don't have sufficient privileges to run this script." echo echo "Please run the script with: sudo bumblebee-uninstall" exit 1 fi if [ "$HOME" == "/root" ] && [ "$DISTRO" != OPENSUSE ] ; then echo "Do not run this script as the root user" echo echo "Please run the script with: sudo bumblebee-uninstall" exit 2 fi ARCH=`uname -m` MODPROBE=`which modprobe` echo "Welcome to the bumblebee uninstallation" echo "Licensed under BEER-WARE License and GPL" echo echo "This script will remove bumblebee completely" echo "and also clean up after earlier versions" echo if [ "$DISTRO" == OPENSUSE ] && [ -f /usr/bin/nvidia-uninstall ] ; then if [ `ps -ea | grep X | wc -l` -gt 0 ] ; then echo "X server is still active. Please go to runlevel 3 and try again." echo "( Login as root and run \"init 3\". Use \"init 5\" to activate the X server again )" exit 1 fi fi if [ $DISTRO = FEDORA ] && [ "$ARCH" = "x86_64" ] ; then echo "Uninstalling will most likely kill your X-session" echo "please make sure that all your data is saved" echo fi echo "Are you sure you want to proceed?? (Y/N)" echo read answer case "$answer" in y | Y ) ;; *) exit 0 ;; esac sleep 5 echo if [ $DISTRO = UBUNTU ] || [ $DISTRO = DEBIAN ]; then # Kill the nvidia X server /etc/init.d/bumblebee disable # Make sure the card is enabled if [ -x /usr/local/bin/bumblebee-enablecard ]; then /usr/local/bin/bumblebee-enablecard fi echo "Removing nVidia driver package" echo apt-get -y --purge remove nvidia-current echo "Removing VirtualGL package" echo dpkg -r VirtualGL update-rc.d -f bumblebee remove rm /etc/pm/power.d/bumblebee-disablecard-on-powerup elif [ $DISTRO = OPENSUSE ]; then # Kill the nvidia X server /etc/init.d/bumblebee disable chkconfig bumblebee off echo "Removing VirtualGL package" echo zypper --no-refresh --non-interactive remove VirtualGL # Make sure the card is enabled if [ -x /usr/local/bin/bumblebee-enablecard ]; then /usr/local/bin/bumblebee-enablecard fi if [ -f /usr/bin/nvidia-uninstall ] ; then echo "Uninstalling nVidia package" # # Cleanup 3D hack for the nVidia package part 1 # if [ "$ARCH" == "i686" ] ; then rm -f /usr/lib/libGL.so.* mv -f /usr/X11R6/nvidia/lib/libnvidia-wfb.* /usr/X11R6/nvidia/lib/xorg/modules pushd /usr/X11R6/nvidia/lib/xorg/modules > /dev/null ln -sf libnvidia-wfb.so.1 libwfb.so popd > /dev/null else rm -f /usr/lib/libGL.so.* rm -f /usr/lib64/libGL.so.* mv -f /usr/X11R6/nvidia/lib64/libnvidia-wfb.* /usr/X11R6/nvidia/lib64/xorg/modules pushd /usr/X11R6/nvidia/lib64/xorg/modules > /dev/null ln -sf libnvidia-wfb.so.1 libwfb.so popd > /dev/null fi # # Uninstall nVidia package # /usr/bin/nvidia-uninstall -s # # Cleanup 3D hack for the nVidia package part 2 # rm -rf /usr/X11R6/lib-nvidia rm -rf /usr/X11R6/lib64-nvidia rm -rf /usr/lib/xorg-nvidia rm -rf /usr/lib64/xorg-nvidia rm -rf /usr/X11R6/nvidia fi rm /etc/pm/power.d/bumblebee-disablecard-on-powerup 2>/dev/null elif [ $DISTRO = FEDORA ]; then # Stop the nvidia X server service bumblebee stop chkconfig bumblebee off echo "Removing VirtualGL package" echo yum -y remove VirtualGL if [ -f /etc/profile.d/virtualgl.sh ]; then rm /etc/profile.d/virtualgl.sh fi # Make sure the card is enabled if [ -x /usr/local/bin/bumblebee-enablecard ]; then /usr/local/bin/bumblebee-enablecard fi # New method for x86_64 but still the old one for i686 if [ "$ARCH" = "x86_64" ]; then echo "Removing nVidia driver package" ${MODPROBE} -r nvidia /usr/lib64/nvidia-current/bin/nvidia-installer -s --uninstall fi fi #Unload the nvidia module ${MODPROBE} -r nvidia echo echo "Restoring old configuration" if [ -f ${BASHRC}.optiorig ]; then mv $BASHRC.optiorig $BASHRC fi if [ -f /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf.optiorig ]; then mv /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf.optiorig /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf fi if [ -f /etc/modules.optiorig ]; then mv /etc/modules.optiorig /etc/modules fi if [ -f /etc/X11/xorg.conf.optiorig ]; then mv -f /etc/X11/xorg.conf.optiorig /etc/X11/xorg.conf fi rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf.nvidia rm -rf /etc/X11/xdm-optimus rm -rf /etc/X11/bumblebee if [ -f /etc/init.d/xdm-optimus ]; then rm /etc/init.d/xdm-optimus fi rm /etc/init.d/bumblebee if [ -f /etc/modprobe.d/virtualgl.conf ]; then rm /etc/modprobe.d/virtualgl.conf fi if [ -f /usr/local/bin/optimusXserver ]; then rm /usr/local/bin/optimusXserver fi rm /usr/local/bin/bumblebee-bugreport if [ -f /usr/bin/xdm-optimus ]; then rm /usr/bin/xdm-optimus fi rm -rf /usr/lib64/nvidia-current rm -rf /usr/lib/nvidia-current rm -rf /usr/lib/bumblebee rm -f /usr/local/bin/optirun* rm -f /usr/local/bin/bumblebee-disablecard-on-powerup rm -f /usr/bin/vglclient-service rm -f /etc/modprobe.d/nouveau-blacklist.conf rm -rf /usr/share/doc/bumblebee rm -rf /usr/share/doc/packages/bumblebee rm -f /usr/local/bin/bumblebee* rm -f /etc/default
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is good, it naturally follows that any denial of Miss Rand's point of view falls into the general categories of deliberate untruth and/or willful evil. What this adds up to, of course is a classic sort of self-fulfilling prophesy which can be outlined as follows: 1) Ultimate truth and value reside in X. 2) All men know that ultimate truth and value reside in X. 3) Therefore, to deny the reality of X is to be (willfully) untruthful and evil. It is pointless to condone disagreement with such a position by pleading either ignorance or (except in the most radical cases) stupidity, for an intrinsic awareness of such knowledge is one of the determining characteristics of man as man. "X is thus and so" because "X is thus and so." To deny it is to be a willful liar. Not to know it is to be less than a man. On the other hand, Miss Rand's implicit mysticism gives rise to grave problems with respect to still other aspects of her theory. For one thing, if all men are apodictically aware of the true nature of ultimate truth and value, how can any man choose not to believe that which he already knows to be true? Again, there would seem to be two basic answers. 1) Men are evil because they fail to be rational, because, in short, they refuse to think and therefore to recognize the truth. This answer is unacceptable because it is not compatible with Miss Rand's theory. If, in short, a true knowledge of ultimate reality is intrinsic within human experience as such and therefore exists prior to any particular sorts of experience, it must also precede all volitional rationality as well and is not therefore in any sense contingent on the exercise of self-conscious and willful reason. 2) Men are evil because they prefer some other course of action to the one which they know to be right. This position is also untenable, for, if a person accords priority to one course of action over another, he cannot be said to "know"—i.e., to be implicitly convinced—that the first position is in fact preferable to begin with. Indeed, if he were convinced that the first course of action were preferable, he would not be able, given the choice, to choose anything else without being guilty of self-contradiction—without, in short, being willing to do that which he does not want to do. It is, in short, absurd to speak of "non-volitional volitions." A man must always believe the truth as he comprehends it to be, because (speaking psychologically) the "truth" is precisely what a person comprehends it to be. A person must always do what he believes to be best in the light of whatever circumstances he perceives to exist, because to do otherwise would either (1) assume the possibility of unmotivated action (which would violate the law of cause-and-effect at the psychological level) or (2) assume the possibility of self-contradictory action by stating, in effect, that one may chose to do what one does not in fact choose to do. From the objectivist point of view, knowledge of ultimate reality, as this exists prior to reason and prior to any particular sorts of knowledge, is not subjective. Indeed, it is not personal at all but generic, as essential and defining aspect of human nature as such—very much like the Kantian categories. By implication, then, Miss Rand posits something very much like the traditional Cartesian psycho-physical parallelism. There exist in the mind ideas which correspond to, but which are not merely interpretations arising from particular encounters with, the basic operational principles of reality itself. We recognize the truth—i.e., the true nature of reality—because our knowledge process is itself a sort of reconnaissance or secondary confrontation, with that which we already intuitively comprehend. Both ultimate reality and our knowledge of ultimate reality are, then, prior to, and independent of, particular (contextual) experiences in the world and serve as the objective basis for all purely contextual (relative) experience. The Problem of Knowability. The objectivists reject on principle the idea that ultimate truth is unknowable—i.e., that metaphysical knowledge cannot be known. They do this on the basis that "to claim that a thing is unknowable entails a logical contradiction." As Branden states, "the idea of the 'unknowable' is indefensible," because the statement that something is unknown assumes a previous knowledge of precisely that which is denied, which would be self-contradictory. "The assertion that a thing is unknowable carries the necessary epistemological implication that the speaker is omniscient-that he has total knowledge of everything in the universe . . . . " Branden is extremely vulnerable here on several counts. To begin with, he rejects the claims of "absolute unknowability" by asserting the contrary doctrine of "absolute knowability." In so doing, however, he leaves himself open to precisely those charges which he levels against the proponents of absolute epistemological limits. Even those who would subscribe to Branden's contention that metaphysical truth is totally knowable must also grant that all of the objectivists' objections against those who claim absolute "unknowability" apply equally to those (like Branden) who claim absolute "knowability." In short, and following Branden's own processes of reasoning, four things should be noted with respect to this overall line of argument. 1) It is only possible to state that everything is knowable—i.e., intellectually comprehensible—if one knows everything to begin with. In other words, the only proof possible for the statement "Everything is knowable" is a prior knowledge of all those instances which are covered by such a sweeping generalization. In this sense, and as Branden so acutely observes with respect to the proposition of absolute unknowability, any claims for absolute knowability necessarily imply the epistemological omniscience of the speaker. 2) The only way in which it is possible to assert absolute knowability without being omniscient to begin with is to begin with mystical insight (or mystical intuition), innate knowledge or an act of faith. It is apparent, then, that Branden's only proof for his contentions about the absolute knowability of reality is his own absolute infallibility as a source of true knowledge, which is based upon a sense of implicit (and unverifiable) certitude. 3) He uses the term "knowable" in a very special way. For Branden something is "knowable" if it (1) exists (" . . . one already has knowledge of it . . . ") and (2) does so in terms of clearly definable attributes and dimensions (" . . . one would have to know enough about it to justify ones pronouncement . . . ") For something to be "known," in short, it is not enough that it be "perceived" to be. It must also be comprehended as a particular type of object or event complete with a specifiable meaning. This is not, of course, the usual meaning of the term "knowable." For most people, it is quite possible to know that something exists without knowing what it is or what it means. It is, for example, quite possible to know that water freezes below certain temperatures without knowing how or why it does so. In such a case, one recognizes the fact without really understanding it at the causal, or explanatory, level. For Branden, however, no such division is possible. As he conceives of knowability (at least, in the context of the quotations cited) "knowledge" always implies not only a recognition of a phenomenon but some degree of comprehension as well. He rejects the notion that it is possible to perceive a situation without comprehending it intellectually. This leads him to the quite indefensible conclusion that no one can make a pronouncement that anything is unknowable without being guilty of self-contradiction on the grounds that a thing must be known (i.e., comprehended) in the first place before it can not be known—i.e., actively negated, or denied, as an object of knowledge. Taken at face value, this position is, of course, utter nonsense and terminates in two unavoidable conclusions. a) All problems (or questions) are implicitly denials of solutions (or answers) which are already "known." b) It is impossible not to know anything, because the act of not knowing implies a prior knowledge (comprehension) of that which is ostensibly "unknown." 4) He makes the error of assuming that assertions of absolute unknowability are unavoidably assertions of personal omniscience. Again, this position is defensible only if one accepts Branden's extremely questionable definition of "knowledge." The scientist, however-to take perhaps the best counter to Branden's position—does not assert the absolute knowability or unknowability of anything. He merely states that such and such is true if it is verifiable in terms of pertinent evidence procured through the application of pre-determined techniques for observation and analysis. In other words, science, as Branden clearly senses, is basically pragmatic. As philosopher Jacob Bronowski states: This sequence is characteristic of science. It begins with a set of appearances. It organizes these into laws. And at the center of the laws it finds a knot, a point at which several laws cross: a symbol which gives unity to the laws themselves. Mass, time, magnetic moment, the unconscious: we have grown up with these symbolic concepts, so that we are startled to be told
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like what you sound like and some acting chops you know so hopefully I gave that to him okay let's go on to the third one hi I'm Pete Smith otherwise known as dr. Waldron my phone number is hi mr. stern I'm doctor Waldron so how're you feeling today oh okay let me check that yeah it's a little swollen I'd like to run a few tests blood tests urine tests give us a better understanding of what's going on are you allergic to any medicines also I'd like to prescribe an antibiotic for you just in case there's any infection we want to take care of that right away okay okay okay the nurse will be in with you shortly okay great thank you full body shot my name is Pete Smith phone number so what do you think of that doctor improv huh so yeah I had to come up with it you know what I was gonna say and pretend there's somebody else there like a patient taking their pulse and everything so that's that's all my own you know from my own head they don't they just say do a short improv so and I figured I'd come into the room like that but that would be a nice way to do it cuz when you're a patient he always that's what you see right see the door open the doctor comes in right anyway so so that's it that's my those are my three self tapes that I wanted to show you I've got tons of them I look back at how many I've done over the past couple of years and it's just and it's it kind of stinks because self taping is a way they they don't the casting people don't have to put any real skin in the game they can just put these notices out you have to do your own taping you have to find a reader sometimes to read the other lines if you want to do that I don't do that anymore I just go ahead and read my lines and leave the other ones blank they could figure out you know I'm not gonna go looking for a reader every time I have it have to do a self tape audition there's like several of those a week so anyway so I hope you liked it and don't forget if you like my stuff subscribe to my channel click the notification bell if you want to be notificado cuando publico un nuevo vídeo y ¿Qué más puedo decirte gracias por observando bien esto es por ejemplo Pete Smith es tan largo y estar a salvo ;- CONFOUNDED ;- VERSION 2.0 0x2612016c X8AC5HjM4zMElhHSL0yDxw4bEMgFghmXJXw14pVM9BCV4wFUcQ2H3UgOsCCHIJwaAHFrg+aqh2G1URlXVm+K3G/BID0ODQwCAok8iCI8T220LTLStCTu2iPE FF8OjEc5TvY6RivQhqZuF6hKuX7maf5n4UzwKdYONl/Fz9SCTj3SQ9eORteCJCBN3q6P/WQo2UpaPutoFy6lyZh22SKurZuIeVLAB/JsBKgJwMyVXAzLOCrV dxr0DEjGAKqQ1uYqpe76DmIH34P3zbRrhGpDV17cE1n3XI09ClTAwE7H6gggEKkMEgpZkrUyneo8bIBf/6OHmatf7Lla6wqgYMZayghPTDwFCoHzoR1vcinE bTV60xCRp5Cdx6dPnsCxlsKzy4bdRaaeToPzQtCPAzSKEU6g1WNfQsbRuHRkud/0YrbHs5JmJpYEMs9PbAnaJ7dwyzETPiR/7tHJDiyl21PCAUgRs2gkxSx/ MxOoiQWSiloy20prHkc79rMcnrs0Du+l1d5XfIgiu75fhoco4SuUs5qq7wLVrwM1+DzbF8/tSPZJd8EdQsxtF5HSTBgEXP/n/YCKmqcUtp/Lqenb9rCSIy1q LJVgBW0eHiy9FKU/IQz/ztxU4REJpa2TQlvEhQB2CBIt73xtHLV60jybEqArYHQFqyQlxrCK825g+751/X+w24UUc6xbhREB9+OVQIj4QexOmGY24Ubpmij7 KvbCRSPP4fg+JnsMAu2OqgvNJiOQ/66LgrYgn1F2LRrHAY/qPp/IVWBRXVMNTwzxsnI2jIMvfS3zVbfQ5K13+kzDd37XbHKRkwgXKc6M8CR87acCQnyxfiqM Y/pJEFKSzoOarTqvNkcZml+IA147GUWhmq2tObi2a7x4P3oKeWH8sgl2EZOZijc1sdKkX2n/0vZtgP65EcUgF4Op08ot2Fln9L1Fc7PW5d/PNw4vfNG7gyx9 ZOxu4TW6IMiZLSzcBttJPE7NCES4xnXOih44pMJpRbHC+CHc+BZzr/W3puTBIOCr2C165MWquTnZfxHkx++V8FnWJGTGzQOUGYK+pMZcSKY5qPPExhTtPzDY ftZjpzyrItkUMCp/AlPINAhDixU6gjVKqNl5DANLZfPTm4EImIdjjn0/9At1aGi7nGlTkx+O/TH7XQVfKv239EjHLjkwRBKWEQo7ij0YwCe97LFTu7apfyZa UHWEOiDDHDkDYdmxjGfXRAPrcvJ9mDryr40F/6DGYi9QMb9xSUHgYgFSUrYdiylNol+Azav/XcpkRmzwcMVniYdKmu6dWHqodszh4euW9DgOD9xmUPGzcCyl CL8xiRdBiyKvBINoF6acydXZ356weJ80xBRTScY2MMxl/RQqejnJKaYNPh+CNz3ocfA2mWQhV5gNkbfaFypioDOhd3uur/g8LLkXK3JtNXIjNScDHAxT1ST3 L8cNPwEnLXK8uJ0zHJXP4dwH0LM14Tagx3tU3wT65AbkSpfhG1+jdlvsfkaJBAjHjwCWteG4zQ/y6efMVeav68wdX3CPyZ6Z02cDLuLeBiBc2i0B1FXKfC0a AuIJEUQ7Gk8qKh8kPhvUf5dOkbikpjtvYl/0WsxZYuE22Mej/w5gBbKnV91CrOl+e6UCeARsvdOIuy2qpwyXhfE0OkP2vIKuTfOxt15kiDuTkHRNCgiNcSi2 F9zg3ToYe+MgtWvCAQpkqZIBK8u7LuMEzPgpY0OdDtRhiyk/OOxWJaQ2o5UlXfJucO34XDeUMFuNH1C4vvDRQfPmBMr6QqHMTJqu89gbmYoTJPvvSTcFqSuD FHWxAHec48EhYcMsp8gouBLrf7zoT8UMjw0DWOotndDAcbwi7DQfpnXLaR7PMdavmBMdGcKiIjv5YCIaRGvYccnZvZuHDyVUUYVyW2a9W8YdqxW7FmRkjyjQ MuVfFijUv4yyKbQniGwGnltPRDl/ndIfAFSfmiHEllk
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As regards the financial remuneration, Herr Liszt will be satisfied with whatever sum may be thought suitable for his services during these three months. Written after my conversation with Herr Liszt October 30, 1842.12 Liszt's refusal to accept a title, apparently made out of deference to Chélard's feelings, proved to be unacceptable to the grand duke. The following day a codicil was added to the memorandum: October 31, 1842 Herr Liszt has informed me today that he will accept with gratitude and pleasure the title of Kapellmeister in Extraordinary. In many ways this was a prophetic document, for the inherent rivalry between Chélard and Liszt, which the contract recognized and was supposed to address, was soon to become a source of tension in the theatre. Moreover, the contract made no mention of the biggest potential conflict of all: the one between music and drama, which would one day become Liszt's undoing.13 Liszt's appointment to the Weimar Court was everywhere received with disbelief. There were many who thought that the famous pianist was miscast in the role of a minor court official, even a part-time one, and they expected to see him fail. They knew nothing of his aspirations for the small principality, of course; and if they had, they would have laughed aloud at his effrontery. In 1842 Liszt was known to the world only as a pianist. How was it possible, they asked, for a mere "piano hussar" to bring respect and prestige to Weimar, with its all-too-modest resources, when even he admitted that he was a novice as a conductor and had absolutely no experience as a composer of orchestral works? The opposition to Liszt's presence in Weimar itself came from an unexpected quarter. Hummel's family still lived there, and they fought against this appointment for years. Since Hummel's death in 1837, his widow, Elisabeth, and his two granddaughters had lived in the family home at no. 8, Marienstrasse. Elisabeth, who survived her husband by more than forty-five years, refused to leave Weimar and could often be observed tending Hummel's grave in the Stadtfriedhof, where she created a small flower-garden to his memory.14 Although had done much to promote Hummel's piano music (it will be recalled that he had played the concertos many times during his youth), once he took up residence in Weimar the Hummel family wanted nothing to do with him. They accused him of "destroying the true art of piano playing," whose last great representative, they insisted, was Hummel. At bottom, the family feared that the presence of Liszt would obscure the memory of Hummel's own work in Weimar, and as time passed by their fears became reality. Hummel's chief piano student in Weimar had been Ferdinand Hiller, who worked to bring about Liszt's downfall and received much inside information about Liszt's activities direct from the Hummels.15 ## III Fifteen months elapsed before Liszt passed through Weimar again. He first conducted the Court Orchestra in a performance of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony on January 7, 1844, and was dismayed to find the ensemble in a state of neglect, its morale at a low ebb.16 It consisted of a mere thirty-five players, some of them amateurs drawn from the local community. There was also a chorus of twenty-three singers (ten men and thirteen women), and a ballet of four dancers.17 Berlioz, who had heard the chorus in 1843 in a production of Marschner's _The Vampire_ , described it as "a rabble... bawling [its] way through the score with a contempt for the conventions of pitch and rhythm."18 Part of the trouble was that these ensembles played no real role in the artistic life of Weimar; they were used mainly for entr'acte music in the theatre. Even in Hummel's day there had been only two orchestral concerts a year; for the rest of the season the players were employed on an _ad hoc_ basis. The appointment of Hyppolyte Chélard as Hummel's successor in 1840 had not helped matters. Chélard was barely competent, and there were many witnesses to the havoc his baton could create when complex works were being performed. Since Liszt and Chélard now shared the same podium,19 a comparison between them was inevitable. During much of 1851 Liszt was out of town because of Carolyne's illness, and Eduard Genast wrote to him: " _Robert le diable_ was disgraceful. I have neither the courage nor the desire to recount the mistakes and many foolish things perpetrated by that ignoramus Chélard, with the continual smirk on his face."20 Joachim Raff was even more forceful: "Our theatre gets worse every day! We have just had two performances of _Freischütz_ and _Zauberflöte_ , and the blunders that occurred were such as to offend the ears of... the most unmusical listeners, many of whom left the house before the end of the opera."21 He added that if Liszt did not return to Weimar soon, he would not find many of his old colleagues left in "this damned village." Liszt knew that the first thing he had to do was to increase the size of the orchestra and entice better players to Weimar. In the achievement of both these aims he was hampered at every stage by the penny-pinching policies of Carl Alexander. By October 1851 Liszt had only managed to increase his forces to the following thirty-eight positions.22 5 first violins | Joseph Joachim, Carl Stör, Johann Walbrül, Christian Hart, August Weissenborn ---|--- 6 second violins | Franke, August Fischer, Müller, Damm, Paul Götze, Weissenborn (Jr.) 3 violas | Gottfried Wintzer, Friedrich Wollweber, August Machts 4 cellos | Bernhard Cossmann, Gustav Apel, Eduard Ulrich, Kessner 3 double-basses | Schwarz, Wilhelm Börner, Friedrich Ahrens 2 flutes | Christian Schöler, Heinrich Kuhnt 2 oboes | Gottfried Abbass, Heinrich Kuhlmann 2 clarinets | Ernst Saul, B. Kohlschmidt 2 bassoons | Hochstein, Gustav Buch 4 horns | Heinrich Klemm, Ernst Sennewald, Julius Wisler, Kiel 2 trumpets | Ernst Sachse, Johann Schorcht 1 trombone | Moritz Nabich 1 tuba | Friedrich Randeckart timpani | Kallenberg Later that year Liszt requested two more trombones, a harp, a bass-clarinet, an organ, and extra percussion. During his entire tenure at Weimar the "normal" orchestra rarely exceeded forty-five players, although extras could be brought in from nearby Jena and Erfurt to help out on special occasions.23 The appointment of principals was a further cause of frustration. One of Liszt's first moves was to engage Joseph Joachim as leader in 1850, at an annual salary of 500 thalers. After only two years Joachim resigned (for reasons that will be explored elsewhere in this volume); his place was taken in January 1853 by Ferdinand Laub from Prague. The grand duke seized this opportunity to save some money by elevating Laub's title to "chamber virtuoso" while reducing his salary to 400 thalers. This arrangement also lasted a mere two years, and in January 1855 Laub was replaced by Edmund Singer from Pest. These were distinguished principals, and they helped Liszt to introduce standards of orchestral excellence hitherto unknown in Weimar. Other outstanding players whom Liszt brought to Weimar included the harp virtuoso Jeanne Eyth (the wife of the music critic Richard Pohl), the trombonist Eduard Grosse, and the cellist Bernhard Cossmann, who went on to become professor of cello at both the Moscow and Frankfurt conservatories. The Weimar trumpeter Ernst Sachse, one of the best in Europe, was described by Berlioz as "superb."24 But even he was eclipsed by the virtuoso trombonist Moritz Nabich, whose concerts in England in the 1850s (Nabich appeared in such cities as London, Liverpool, and Manchester) attracted large audiences. Among the vocal soloists who sang under Liszt's baton during the 1850s, two were of unusual calibre. Rosa Agthe was only twenty-one years old when Liszt engaged her for the Weimar theatre in 1848. This gifted soprano, the daughter of a local orchestral player, created the role of Elsa in _Lohengrin_ , and Liszt chose her to be one of his Aachen Festival soloists in 1857. She married the outstanding baritone Feodor von Milde, whom Liszt had invited to Weimar as a guest singer in Donizetti's _Lucia di Lammermoor;_ he was so warmly received that he made Weimar his home. The Mildes could have enjoyed more lucrative careers elsewhere; but when asked about that, Feodor gave the unanswerable reply that they stayed in Weimar simply because Liszt was there.25 Among the other singers
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\omega_{10}=\,20meV$ (spaced by $2meV$), ii) an [*intermediate*]{} phonon spectrum with $\hbar \omega_{1}=\,22meV ..... \hbar \omega_{10}=\,40meV$ and iii) an [*high*]{} phonon spectrum with $\hbar \omega_{1}=\,42meV ..... \hbar \omega_{10}=\,60meV$. $\bar N$ and oscillator energies are purely arbitrary. The periodic condition $G^{(2)}(\tau)=\,G^{(2)}(\beta - \tau)$ holds as a general property of the particle-particle correlation function which, up to a prefactor, coincides with the sum of the oscillators Green functions and therefore it does not depend on the width of the electron band. At low temperatures (Fig.1(a)), small oscillator energies favor larger electronic correlations which however get the maximum value of $0.26 \AA$ at $\tau \rightarrow 0$. Increasing the temperature at $T=\,100K$ (Fig.1(b)) leads to a substantial enhancement of $\sqrt{G^{(2)}(\tau)}$ which becomes of order $1 \AA$ in the case of a low energy phonons bath. At room temperature (Fig.1(c)) and for the same bath the electrons are correlated over a distance of about $2 \AA$ in the whole $\tau$-range. Larger phonon spectra tend to lock the electrons thus reducing the particle mobility over the time scale and decreasing the space electronic correlations. Since the upper limit in the $\tau$ range of Figs. 1(a)-1(c) is necessarily $T$ dependent we plot in Fig.2, for an [*intermediate*]{} phonon bath, $\sqrt{G^{(2)}(\tau)}$ versus a [*common $\tau$-axis*]{} to emphasize the temperature effect on the particle correlations. Only the room temperature correlation function retains periodicity over the selected $\tau$-range. While we focus in the following on the equilibrium thermodynamics of the particle-phonons interacting system, it should be noted that generalization of eq.(4) through the closed-time path formalism [@schwinger] would permit to derive dissipative properties due to the phonon bath friction from the two points correlation function. A density matrix study for the similar problem of a particle in a photon bath (in three dimensions) has been carried out by Haba and Kleinert [@haba]. 3. Phonon Free Energy {#phonon-free-energy .unnumbered} ===================== Next we turn to analyse the effect of the particle motion on the phonon subsystem. The set of $\bar N$ independent oscillators is perturbed by the particle path $x(\tau)$ which couples to each oscillator through the strength $\alpha$ (assumed independent of $i$) of the SSH Hamiltonian. Then, the partition function of the disturbed oscillators system can be expanded in perturbation series as $$\begin{aligned} & &Z_{ph}[x(\tau)]\simeq \, \bigl(1 - <C> + <C^2> - <C^3> + \cdot \cdot \bigr)Z_{ph}\, \nonumber \\ & &<C^k>=\,Z_{ph}^{-1} \prod_i \oint Du_i(\tau) {{\alpha^k} \over {k!}} \int_0^{\beta} d\tau_1 u_i(\tau_1)x(\tau_1) \cdot \cdot \int_0^{\beta} d\tau_k u_i(\tau_k) x(\tau_k) \cdot \, exp\Biggl[- \int_0^{\beta} d\tau \sum_i {M_i \over 2} \bigl( \dot{u_i}^2(\tau) + \omega_i^2 u_i^2(\tau) \bigr) \Biggr]\, \nonumber \\ \label{7}\end{aligned}$$ In general, the total phonon partition function in presence of an ensamble of particle paths $\bigl[x(\tau) \bigr]$ would be given by: $Z^T_{ph}=\, \oint Dx(\tau) Z_{ph}[x(\tau)]$. Here we take a single particle path, approximating it by the averaged (dimensionless) value $<x(\tau)>\equiv\,{1 \over \beta}\int_0^{\beta} d\tau x(\tau) =\,x_0$. Then, the odd k-terms in the series expansion vanish. Since the oscillators are decoupled (and anharmonic effects mediated by the particle path are here neglected) we can study the behavior of the cumulant terms $<C^k>$ by selecting a single oscillator having energy $\omega$ and displacement $u(\tau)$. Hence, after expanding the oscillator path in $N_F$ Fourier components $$u(\tau)=\,u_o + \sum_{n=1}^{N_F} 2\Bigl(\Re u_n \cos( \omega_n \tau) - \Im u_n \sin( \omega_n \tau) \Bigr)\, \label{8}$$ with $\omega_n=\, 2n\pi/\beta$ and taking the measure of integration $$\oint Du(\tau)\equiv \biggl({1 \over 2}\biggr)^{2N_F} {{\Bigl( 2\pi \cdot \cdot 2N_F \pi \Bigr)^2} \over {\sqrt{2} \lambda_M^{(2N_F+1)} }} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}{du_o} \prod_{n=1}^{N_F} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} d\Re u_n \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} d\Im u_n \label{9}$$ with $\lambda_M=\,\sqrt{\pi \hbar^2 \beta/M}$, we obtain for the $k-th$ cumulant the following expression $$<C^k>_{N_F}=\,Z^{-1}_{ph}{{\bigl( \alpha x_0 \bigr)^k} \over {k!}} {{(\beta \lambda_M)^k (k - 1)!!} \over {\pi^{k/2} (\omega \beta)^{k+1}}} \cdot {{(2\pi)^2} \over {(2\pi)^2 + (\omega \beta)^2}} \cdot \cdot {{(2N_F \pi)^2} \over {(2N_F \pi)^2 + (\omega \beta)^2}} \label{10}$$ Since the cumulants should not depend on the number of Fourier components in the particle path expansion, eq.(10) provides a criterion to set the minimum $N_F$ (at any temperature and for any oscillator) through the condition $2N_F \pi \gg \omega \beta$. The thermodynamic properties of the perturbed oscillator can be computed observing that the cumulant corrections to the free energy are given by: $$F_{cum}=\,-{1 \over \beta} \ln \Bigl[1 + <C^2> + <C^4> + <C^6> + .. \Bigr] \label{11}$$ In Fig.3(a), the three lowest order cumulants are plotted for a weak [*e-ph*]{} coupling and an high frequency oscillator. At very low temperatures, the cumulants attain the largest values which are substantially independent of the $k$-order. By increasing $T$ all cumulants decrease, $<C^2>$ yields the dominant contribution and the perturbation expansion converges rapidly. As shown in Fig.3(b), the free energy corrections are not relevant due to the weak $\alpha$ coupling. Note that $F_{cum}^{(k)}$ includes $F_{ph}$ [*plus*]{} the perturbation given by eq.(11) to the $k$-order. The $k=\,4$ correction is not appreciable with respect to $F_{cum}^{(2)}$. In Figures 4 we take a sizeable [*e-ph*]{} coupling (whose order of magnitude applies to a polymer as polyacetylene), a factor ten larger than in Figs.3: at low $T$, high order cumulants have to be included in the series expansion but the temperature range (in which their contribution is relevant) shrinks by increasing $k$. An high number of Fourier components is required in order to get numerical convergence (i.e., $N_F \sim 18000$ at $T=\,1K$) signalling that the particle dynamics strongly interferes with the oscillator at low $T$. For any $\alpha$ and any $T$, one determines the $k$-order which makes the cumulant series convergent. For instance, being at $T \sim 150K$: $<C^8> \prec <C^6> \sim <C^4>$, the series can be truncated for $k=\,6$ at $T > 150K$. Instead, at $T \sim 90K$, $<C^{10}> \prec <C^8> \succ <C^6>$ so that the $k=\,8$ term suffices in the series expansion at larger temperatures. Note however that high order cumulant terms should be handled with care in computation of physical quantities since they may provide some significant contributions to the free energy, mainly at growing temperatures. As it is shown in Fig.4(b), the largest correction to the free energy is due to the $k=\
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20-percent price cut would be enough to keep its business, and has set that as a goal. Most of Accu-Mold’s strategies revolve around differentiating itself from the offshore competition, such as building specialty molds that the foreign competition has difficulty with. In partnership with the Kalamazoo Valley Community College M-TEC, Accu-Mold is developing a mold design center of excellence at WesternMichiganUniversity “It’s all the things involved with the total cost of tooling that you are not going to get from Chinese companies,” said Dave Muir, process and IT manager for Paragon Die & Engineering. “They are not going to be innovative in tooling; they are going to copy other tooling that they’ve seen.” Muir believes U.S. companies should avoid competing on a commodity basis with offshore toolmakers, instead focusing on value-added services. The UTC has embraced this philosophy in a surprising way. Precise Engineering recently hired a sales manager in South Korea. Accu-Mold has a joint venture partnership in China. Both are using offshore sourcing to reduce overall tooling costs. Quinlan said this strategy was particularly appealing to furniture OEMs. Another tooling surprise is the eight West Michigan startups since 2000. West Michigan Precision Machining has doubled its headcount in the last eight months. President Phil Allen, a 25-year industry veteran, launched the now 15-man job shop at the trough of the downturn in 2003, and has guided it to nearly triple-digit growth in each of the past two years. “I opened when we started to see the light at the end of the tunnel,” he said. “It’s been pretty busy and I don’t see a drop. My customers have huge backlogs like I haven’t seen in years.” His biggest challenge is finding employees. During the downturn, the apprentice programs all but stopped, and weary students looked to other fields. Allen credited much of his firm’s success to workload sharing with other firms. While he has practiced this for years, he recently joined a formal coalition to qualify for the state’s Recovery Zone package. HS Die & Engineering also practices the collaborative model, but has not joined any coalition. Kent Hanson, HS director of engineering, said that business is steady, but there is no backlog. He has noticed a great deal of business coming back from overseas because of delivery and quality issues. “Many of us were thinking that tool and die was being hit with a structural downsizing that it may not be able to recover from,” said George Erickcek, senior regional analyst for the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. “That may have been the wrong analysis. It’s looking more and more like a cyclical shift.” Restricted Content About GRBJ Since 1983, the Grand Rapids Business Journal has been West Michigan's primary and most-trusted source of local business news. The weekly print edition of the Business Journal, a must-read for the area’s top decision-makers, is known as the business newspaper of metro Grand Rapids, Holland, Muskegon and all of West Michigan. grbj.com provides the same trusted and objective business reporting that the Business Journal is known for -- plus real-time original content, timely enewsletters/alerts, exclusive blogs and more. Business Journal subscribers receive the weekly print edition, including bonus publications like the annual Book of Lists, and also complete access to all content on grbj.com. The Grand Rapids Business Journal is published by Gemini Publications.627 F.2d 872 62 A.L.R.Fed. 853 John W. PENCE, M.D., Appellee,v.Harold BROWN, Secretary of Defense; and Hans Mark, ActingSecretary of Air Force; and Edwin C. Hudson, Colonel, USAF,Director, Personnel Actions, Colonel Charles Lipscomb, WingCommander, and Colonel Kenneth Curtis, Hospital Commander,USAF, Regional Hospital, Minot AFB, North Dakota, Appellants. No. 80-1052. United States Court of Appeals,Eighth Circuit. Submitted June 9, 1980.Decided Aug. 15, 1980. Susan Sleater, Atty., Appellate Section, Civil Div., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C., argued, for appellants; Alice Daniel, Asst. Atty. Gen., James R. Britton, U. S. Atty., Michael Kimmel, and Robert E. Sutemeier, Captain, U. S. Air Force, Washington, D. C., on brief. Michael D. Shanks, Holbrock, Jonson, Bressler & Houser, Hamilton, Ohio, argued, for appellee; Timothy R. Evans, Hamilton, Ohio, on brief. Before HEANEY and ARNOLD, Circuit Judges, and OVERTON, District Judge.* ARNOLD, Circuit Judge. 1 This is an appeal by Harold Brown, Secretary of Defense, and others from a judgment in the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota, the Honorable Bruce M. Van Sickle, United States District Judge, presiding. Dr. John Pence, an Air Force Reserve Officer, petitioned the Court for a writ of habeas corpus and injunctive relief releasing him from a two-year active-duty commitment in the Air Force. After a trial, the District Court, in an unreported memorandum dated November 2, 1979, ordered Dr. Pence released from the Air Force with an honorable discharge conditioned on his repayment of the public funds expended on his behalf during his medical-school training. Dr. Pence was given an honorable discharge on November 7, 1979. A final judgment was entered January 2, 1980, and this appeal was taken that same day. We affirm the decision of the District Court with the modification of remedy set out below. 2 Dr. Pence, a physician, entered the Air Force Medical Scholarship Program in 1973 during his first year at the University of Tennessee Medical School in Memphis, Tennessee. Before he signed the enlistment agreement, he had numerous conversations, some by telephone and some in person, with Air Force recruiters. Several of these telephone conversations were with recruiters at the Air Force Military Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas, who were authorized to administer the policies of the scholarship program and to serve as primary contacts with potential participants. Dr. Pence was told that he would enter active duty as a major, that he would be eligible for promotion to lieutenant colonel in four years, and that he would have his choice of duty base. Dr. Pence testified that he joined the program with the idea of remaining in the Air Force as a career officer and because of that, his decision was based, in part, on the representations as to rank and the chance of quick promotion. The enlistment contract that he signed was silent as to rank, promotion opportunities, and geographical assignment. It merely recited that in return for payment of his medical school tuition and a monthly stipend, he would serve twenty-four months on active duty in the Air Force. Upon signing the agreement he became a second lieutenant on inactive duty. 3 In 1977, during the second year of his post-graduate work as a resident in pediatrics, Dr. Pence learned that under then current regulations he would enter the Air Force as a captain rather than as a major. He later made several unsuccessful attempts to resign his commission. He finally reported for active duty on January 12, 1979. 4 In September of 1979 he filed this suit seeking a writ of habeas corpus on the basis that he had been induced to sign the enlistment contract by the material misrepresentation that he would enter active-duty status as a major.1 The District Court found that he had indeed been induced to sign the contract by an "innocent, material, and nonnegligent misrepresentation," justifying rescission. On November 7, 1979, five days after the Court's order was entered, Dr. Pence repaid the money the Air Force had paid to him during medical school, and he was on that date released from the Air Force with an honorable discharge.2 This appeal followed in due course. 5 There are virtually no disputed facts in this case. What is disputed by the parties is the legal significance of the facts adduced at trial. The District Court found that the Air Force recruiters made statements to Dr. Pence in 1973 that were material, though innocent, misrepresentations. Besides his own testimony, Dr. Pence produced three other Air Force doctors who testified that they too had been told in 1973 that they would enter active duty as majors. The trial court's finding that the misrepresentations were made and that they were material cannot now be overturned unless it is clearly erroneous. There is ample proof in the record to support the finding of material misrepresentation on the basis of the testimony of Doctors Pence, Nelson, Chailett, and Robinson, and Captain Glen Havel, an Air Force recruiter. The District Court further found that Dr. Pence had been induced to enter the contract by these misrepresentations and that the "difference in grade . . . (was) a material factor to the execution of the contract." We find no error in this conclusion. 6 Claims that an enlistment contract is invalid or has been breached are decided under traditional principles of contract law. Peavy v. Warner, 493 F.2d 748 (5th Cir. 1974). When a contract has been procured by fraud or material misrepresentation, even though innocently and non
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ultures to a starting OD~600~ of 0.025. Flasks were incubated at 30 °C and 180 rpm in a shaking incubator and growth was monitored by measuring optical density at 600 nm. Samples for RNA isolation were taken during late exponential growth (OD~600~ \~ 2) by rapid centrifugation (\~ 30 s, max. speed) in 1.5 mL reaction tubes and quenching of cell pellets in liquid nitrogen. Pellets were stored at − 80 °C prior to RNA isolation. RNA isolation and transcriptome analysis via RNA-seq {#Sec16} ---------------------------------------------------- Cell pellets were disrupted using the FastRNA PRO BLUE KIT (MP Biomedicals). On ice, two cell pellets of each culture were resuspended in 500 µL of RNApro™ solution (containing Trizol) and combined in a single 2 mL screw-cap tube with Lysing Matrix B. Cell pellets were disrupted in a tissue homogeniser (Precellys 24, Peglab) at 6000 rpm for 40 s. After centrifugation at 12,000×*g* the supernatant was transferred to a new microcentrifuge tube and incubated at room temperature for 5 min, before RNA was extracted from the lysate using a DirectZol RNA Miniprep kit (Zymo Research), according to the manufacturer's protocol. After elution of RNA in a total volume of 50 µL RNAse-free water, the samples were treated with 2.6 U of Ambion TURBO DNAse in a total reaction volume of 60 µL for 1 h at room temperature. The RNA was purified again using the Clean & Concentrator kit (Zymo Research) according to the manufacturer instructions. The absence of DNA in the total RNA preparation was confirmed by PCR using two individual primer pairs (DNA_Cn1/2, Additional file [11](#MOESM11){ref-type="media"}: Table S4) and genomic *C. necator* H16 DNA as a positive control. The depletion of rRNA, cDNA library preparation and sequencing were done as described in Wittchen et al. \[[@CR61]\]. However, in this case equal RNA amounts from the three replicates of each condition were pooled, and 2 µg RNA of each pool were used for the creation of a single whole transcriptome cDNA library. The resulting paired-end reads from the sequencing of the two libraries from *C. necator* grown with fructose and 3-HP as sole carbon sources were trimmed for low quality bases from both ends using Trimmomatic v0.35 \[[@CR62]\] and mapped to the reference genome (NC008313.1, NC008314.1, NC005241.1) using bowtie2 v2.2.7 \[[@CR63]\] with default settings for paired-end read mapping. The resulting SAM files were converted to BAM files using SAMtools \[[@CR64]\]. ReadXplorer v.2.2.3 was used for visualisation and further analysis \[[@CR32], [@CR33]\]. For differential gene expression analysis the inbuilt DESeq algorithm \[[@CR34]\] was applied with default settings (cutoffs for which genes were considered as differentially transcribed). The adjusted *p* value (*p*~adj~) calculated by the DESeq algorithm using Benjamini--Hochberg correction was accepted as a measure of significance. The full data has been deposited at ArrayExpress (<https://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/>) and is accessible under accession number E-MTAB-7701. HPLC detection of fructose and 3-HP {#Sec17} ----------------------------------- Culture samples were centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 2 min and the supernatants used for product analysis. Diluent solution was prepared using mobile phase (0.005 M H~2~SO~4~) supplemented with 50 mM valeric acid (Sigma-Aldrich) acting as an internal standard. Also, an appropriate linear range of standard solutions using 3-HP (Apollo Scientific) covering the range of concentrations expected was prepared in the medium used for the corresponding experiment. All standards, samples and blanks were passed through 0.2 µm syringe filters, and 150 µL of the filtered solution mixed with 150 µL of diluent solution, vortexed thoroughly and added into HPLC vials containing inserts and closed with split caps. Samples were run at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min^−1^ at 35 °C in 0.005 M H~2~SO~4~ mobile phase for 30 min on the Dionex UltiMate 3000 HPLC system (ThermoFisher Scientific) using a Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H + (8%) 150 mm × 4.6 mm × 8 µm column (Phenomenex) and a Diode Array detector (UV--VIS 210 nm). An Aminex HPX-87H 300 mm × 7.8 mm × 9 µm column (Bio-Rad) was used when a better separation of peaks was needed and samples were run for 55 min. Sequence databases and BLAST analysis {#Sec18} ------------------------------------- The databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) were used to identify and access nucleotide sequences and peptide sequences of genes of interest \[[@CR65]\]. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used to access potential pathways and annotated genes \[[@CR31]\]. BLAST software, available on the NCBI website, was used to analyse sequences and identification of similarity. Nucleotide BLAST (blastn) optimised for highly similar sequences (megablast) was used to identify similar or identical DNA sequences; blastp (protein--protein blast) was used to identify putative protein homologs. Additional files ================ {#Sec19} **Additional file 1: Figure S1.** Growth of *C. necator* H16 wild type and CNCA15 (Δ*prpRBCMD*) mutant strains on 3-HP and propionate. Strains were cultivated in MM supplemented with 50 mM 3-HP (a) or propionate (b) as the sole source of carbon and energy. Blue circles represent H16 wild type, red squares the CNCA15 (Δ*prpRBCMD*) mutant. Error bars represent the standard deviation of the mean for three independent experiments. **Additional file 2: Figure S2.** Proposed valine degradation pathway in *C. necator* H16. (a) Valine degradation pathway with associated *C. necator* enzymes for each reaction. (b) Putative *C. necator* valine degradation operon and upstream regulatory gene, together with associated locus tags. Genes are proposed to encode the following enzymes: AraC family transcriptional regulator (*araC*, H16_B1193), branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (*acaD,* HB161192), (methyl)malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (*mmsA3*, H16_B1191), 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (*hbdH*, H16_B1190), enoyl-CoA dehydratase (*crt*, H16_B1189) and 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (*hibH*; note: the gene is currently annotated to encode an enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase, H16_B1188). Glu, glutamate; α-KG, α-ketoglutarate. The first two steps of valine degradation are carried out by branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase and 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase), respectively; their encoding genes are not part of this operon. Blue colours indicate reactions and genes associated with the proposed *mmsA3* operon. Sizes of genes and intergenic regions not drawn to scale. **Additional file 3: Table S1.** Genes of interest differentially expressed on 3-HP compared to fructose. **Additional file 4: Figure S3.** Differential expression of key metabolic genes in *C. necator* H16 during exponential phase growth on 3-HP and fructose, respectively. Red and green boxes indicate genes significantly up- and downregulated respectively, when cells were grown on 3-HP (*p*~adj~ \<0.05). Grey boxes indicate no statistically significant differential regulation. Locus tags are given to enable unambiguous gene identification. Abbreviations: F6P, fructose-6-phosphate; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; 6PGL, 6-phosphogluconolactone; 6PG, 6-phosphogluconate; KDPG, 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate; FBP, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate; GAP, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; S7P, sedoheptulose-7-phosphate; R5P, ribose-5-phosphate; X5P, xylulose-5-phosphate; E4P, erythrose-4-phosphate; 1,3PG, 1,3-phosphoglycerate; 3PG, 3-phosphoglycerate; 2PG, 2-phosphoglycerate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; PYR, pyruvate; AcCoA, acetyl-CoA, CIT, citrate; ISOCIT, isocitrate, AKG, α-ketoglutarate; SUCC, succinate; FUM, fumarate; MAL, malate, OAA, oxaloacetate; GLYOX, glyoxylate; 3HP, 3-hydroxypropionate; MSA, malonate semialdehyde; 3HP-
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29613, 275, 247, 3739, 4758, 310, 3798, 1754, 327, 31744, 281, 253, 7119, 13, 5989, 285, 1491, 432, 253, 3110, 60, 1012, 62, 2299, 253, 3710, 2175, 10941, 5702, 285, 3367, 20215, 921, 326, 841, 9184, 342, 12440, 7738, 625, 9452, 12581, 390, 29460, 29613, 4681, 1839, 62, 187, 187, 510, 5591, 473, 4883, 1263, 2361, 760, 767, 29613, 27, 773, 936, 3812, 4116, 668, 285, 773, 12157, 273, 12700, 668, 4681, 1036, 62, 187, 10195, 952, 665, 1881, 14, 27497, 459, 1375, 326, 352, 4483, 731, 281, 346, 2184, 1977, 3, 390, 38433, 366, 13, 23694, 253, 2564, 432, 10450, 326, 403, 8479, 44089, 15, 831, 778, 320, 6786, 407, 10480, 272, 253, 2564, 715, 22142, 253, 3075, 3543, 387, 253, 673, 310, 4269, 407, 1881, 14, 48145, 3185, 273, 253, 3374, 597, 497, 10268, 1078, 27, 253, 3520, 3075, 3103, 6993, 347, 247, 34169, 432, 8991, 3075, 4681, 22, 62, 1916, 13503, 436, 3762, 13, 581, 476, 1908, 253, 878, 281, 686, 13121, 8, 5471, 8991, 3075, 285, 6255, 39786, 15, 346, 34, 1436, 778, 320, 4373, 14, 19579, 285, 29991, 28, 247, 1270, 1142, 7906, 778, 320, 3585, 11932, 1561, 616, 2564, 13, 285, 597, 778, 2057, 2489, 17142, 390, 812, 1056, 247, 3061, 281, 3523, 253, 16400, 10450, 31830, 21, 62, 380, 5615, 15384, 778, 320, 21547, 8513, 347, 247, 1039, 281, 2968, 342, 25824, 10450, 273, 30545, 13, 390, 347, 247, 2097, 273, 5419, 3647, 5615, 15384, 326, 778, 320, 12351, 347, 1907, 10974, 275, 523, 3385, 1075, 281, 253, 1436, 434, 46128, 15, 313, 70, 15, 72, 904, 6128, 281, 11948, 5615, 7242, 36033, 2347, 281, 3806, 285, 3048, 281, 6010, 390, 2505, 62, 187, 187, 42297, 1881, 14, 48145, 778, 320, 247, 2097, 273, 5471, 1633, 13, 1014, 604, 253, 22135, 310, 28637, 285, 16592, 15, 9240, 665, 1881, 14, 27497, 459, 4536, 6266, 10450, 273, 5766, 1632, 390, 39856, 1255, 313, 266, 742, 9409, 582, 285, 3520, 3075, 778, 320, 247, 6619, 432, 841, 10450, 15, 346, 34, 1436, 778, 320, 31418, 432, 2994, 390, 5972, 13, 31418, 432, 1495, 13, 39856, 285, 440, 453, 8855, 15, 1583, 778, 840, 31410, 253, 878, 281, 1159, 625, 13, 390, 452, 247, 8327, 281, 1928, 1524, 969, 13, 285, 247, 3061, 310, 1160, 281, 2794, 22135, 285, 2802, 88, 640, 598, 457, 31830, 21, 62, 329, 2685, 10659, 273, 841, 767, 11813, 43604, 436, 2593, 15, 187, 187, 1147, 310, 671, 1774, 281, 3877, 326, 1142, 1881, 14, 27497, 45011, 1304, 5471, 1077, 1652, 281, 642, 3075, 1223, 1881, 14, 21127, 272, 4681, 938, 62, 187, 187, 15745, 665, 11377, 275, 1881, 14, 48145, 2454, 253, 34126, 6612, 273, 5237, 272, 3746, 16682, 387, 253, 1072, 673, 13546, 6619, 432, 436, 769, 15, 733, 778, 1014, 320, 1892, 323, 690, 281, 2686, 23070, 9968, 13, 533, 597, 2223, 513, 984, 597, 871, 253, 6619, 326, 588, 956, 15, 1198, 690, 1881, 14, 27497, 45011, 436, 6619, 310, 8558, 12264, 16682, 323, 2571, 436, 5471, 273, 6619, 3249, 432, 253, 9840, 990, 4048, 968, 4439, 275, 253, 3998, 313, 783, 1072, 17110, 326, 403, 1869, 281, 320, 5506, 323, 253, 346, 28971, 434, 1029, 6788, 2053, 769, 281, 4796, 12415, 285, 8991, 16744, 285, 778, 1421, 281, 247, 5471, 273, 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both males and females. [3] However, females who self-cut are more likely than males to explain their self-harm episode by saying that they had wanted to punish themselves. The most common methods of self-injury reported by both male and female subjects were scratching or pinching with fingernails or other objects to the point that bleeding occurred or marks remained on the skin (51.6%), banging or punching objects to the point of bruising or bleeding (37.6%), cutting (33.7%), and punching or banging oneself to the point of bruising or bleeding (24.5%).[31] Female subjects were 2.3 times more likely to scratch or pinch and 2.4 times more likely to cut. Male subjects were 2.8 times more likely than female subjects to punch an object with the intention of injuring themselves. Male subjects were 1.8 times more likely to injure their hands, whereas female subjects were 2.3 times more likely to injure their wrists and 2.4 times more likely to injure their thighs. Self-injury is popularly assumed to represent a female phenomenon, and although there is some disputed support to this claim, the authors of the study believe that the popular association of self-injury with cutting may account for this belief. In New Zealand, more females are hospitalised for intentional self-harm than males. Females more commonly choose methods such as self-poisoning that generally are not fatal, but still serious enough to require hospitalization.[32] Self-harm in the elderly In a study of a district general hospital in the UK, 5.4% of all the hospital's self-harm cases were aged over 65. The male to female ratio was 2:3 although the self-harm rates for males and females over 65 in the local population were identical. Over 90% had depressive conditions, and 63% had significant physical illness. Under 10% of the patients gave a history of earlier self-harm, while both the repetition and suicide rates were very low which could be explained due to the absence of factors known to be associated with repetition such as personality disorder and alcohol abuse.[33] Self-harm in the developing world Only recently have attempts to improve health in the developing world concentrated on not only physical illness, but mental health also.[34] Deliberate self-harm is common in the developing world. For example, Sri Lanka has a high incidence of suicide[35] and self poisoning with agricultural pesticides or natural poisons is an important cause of mortality in many rural areas. Many people admitted for deliberate self-poisoning during a study by Eddleston et al.[34] were young and few expressed a desire to die, but death was relatively common in the young in these cases. The improvement of medical management of acute poisoning in the developing world is poor and improvements are required in order to reduce mortality. Some of the causes of deliberate self-poisoning in Sri Lankan adolescents included bereavement and harsh discipline by parents. The coping mechanisms are being spread in local communities as people are surrounded by others who have previously deliberately harmed themselves or attempted suicide.[34] One way of reducing self-harm would be to limit access to poisons;[36] however many cases involve pesticides or yellow oleander seeds, and the reduction of access to these agents would be difficult. Great potential for the reduction of self-harm lies in education and prevention, but limited resources in the developing world make these methods challenging. Psychology Attempts to understand self-injury fall broadly into either attempts to interpret motives, or application of psychological models. Motives for self-injury are often personal, often do not fit into medicalised models of behaviour and may seem incomprehensible to others, as demonstrated by this quote: “ "My motivations for self-harming were diverse, but included examining the interior of my arms for hydraulic lines. This may sound strange."[37] ” Motives for self-injury can be different. Some feel as if they are not good enough and they might not want to take it out on the person who harmed them. It's often difficult for them to open up and tell about their "secret shame". Often when the sufferer does tell somebody there is a lack of understanding or knowledge of how to help. Assessment of motives in a medical setting is usually based on precursors to the incident, circumstances and information from the patient[13] however the limited studies comparing professional and personal assessments show that these differ with professionals suggesting more manipulative or punitive motives.[38] The UK ONS study reported only two motives: “to draw attention” and “because of anger”.[16] Many people who self-injure state that it allows them to "go away" or dissociate, separating the mind from feelings that are causing anguish. This may be achieved by tricking the mind into believing the pain felt at the time is caused by self-injury instead of the issues they were facing before: the physical pain therefore acts as a distraction from emotional pain.[5] To complement this theory, one can consider the need to 'stop' feeling emotional pain and mental agitation. "A person may be hyper-sensitive and overwhelmed; a great many thoughts may be revolving within their mind, and they may either become triggered or could make a decision to stop the overwhelming feelings."[4] The sexual organs may be deliberately hurt as a way to deal with unwanted feelings of sexuality, or as a means of punishing sexual organs that may be perceived as having responded in contravention to the person's wellbeing. (e.g., responses to childhood sexual abuse).[How to reference and link to summary or text] Alternatively self-injury may be a means of feeling something, even if the sensation is unpleasant and painful. Those who self-injure sometimes describe feelings of emptiness or numbness (anhedonia), and physical pain may be a relief from these feelings. "A person may be detached from himself or herself, detached from life, numb and unfeeling. They may then recognise the need to function more, or have a desire to feel real again, and a decision is made to create sensation and ‘wake up’."[4] A flow diagram of these two theories accompanies this section. It is also important to note that many self-injurers report feeling very little to no pain while self-harming.[20] Those who engage in self-injury face the contradictory reality of harming themselves whilst at the same time obtaining relief from this act. It may even be hard for some to actually initiate cutting, but they often do because they know the relief that will follow. For some self-injurers this relief is primarily psychological whilst for others this feeling of relief comes from the beta endorphins released in the brain (the same chemicals that are thought to be responsible for the "runner's high"). These act to reduce tension and emotional distress and may lead to a feeling of calm. As a coping mechanism, self-injury can become psychologically addictive because, to the self-injurer, it works; it enables him/her to deal with intense stress in the current moment. The patterns sometimes created by it, such as specific time intervals between acts of self-injury, can also create a behavioral pattern that can result in a wanting or craving to fulfill thoughts of self-injury. Another possible source of self-injury can be self-loathing, often as a means of punishment for having strong feelings that they were expected to suppress when they were children, or because they feel bad and undeserving, having previously been physically or emotionally abused and feeling that they were deserving of the abuse.[39] Motives Self-injury is not typically suicidal behavior, although there is the possibility that a self-inflicted injury may result in life-threatening damage. [1] Although the person may not recognise the connection, self-injury often occurs when facing what seem like overwhelming or distressing feelings. The motivations for self-injury vary as it may be used to fulfill a number of different functions.[40] These functions include self-injury being used as a coping mechanism which provides temporary relief of intense feelings such as anxiety, depression, stress, emotional numbness and a sense of failure or self-loathing. There is a positive statistical correlation between self-injury and emotional abuse.[16][22] Intense pain can lead to the release of endorphins[40] and so deliberate self-harm may become a means of seeking pleasure, although in many cases self-injury becomes a means to manage pain, in contrast to the pain that may have been experience through abuse earlier in the sufferers life of which they had no control over.[1] For some people harming oneself can be a way to draw attention to the need for help and to ask for assistance in an indirect way but may also be an attempt to affect others and to manipulate them in some way emotionally.[1][40] However, those with chronic, repetitive self injury often do not want attention and hide their scars carefully.[41] Self-injury awareness There are many movements among the general self-injury community to make self-injury itself and treatment better known to mental health professionals as well as the general public. Self Injury Awareness Day (SIAD), which is set for March 1 of every year, is one such movement. On this day, some people choose to be more open about their own self-injury, and awareness organisations make special efforts to raise awareness about self-injury. Some people wear ribbons to show awareness; commonly orange ribbons are used for this. Sometimes a red and black ribbon is also used, generally signifying a person who self-injures.[42] Sometimes orange is used to represent those who self-injure, white for those who
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floor(avg)) { fullRating += '<span class="icon-circle"></span>'; } else if (needsHalf) { fullRating += '<span class="icon-half"></span>'; needsHalf = false; } else { fullRating += '<span class="icon-none"></span>'; } } for (var business in businesses) { if (businesses[business].id === names[name]) { businesses[business].rating = avgFinal; businesses[business].rateDisplay = fullRating; } } } } } }); } results.js $scope.businesses = []; $scope.results = []; // didn't show how I populate this, not necessary var names = []; // grab data to be applied to $scope.businesses getData.getBusinesses() .then(function(data) { var tempBusinesses = data, tempConditionData; for (var business in tempBusinesses) { tempConditionData = tempBusinesses[business].conditionData; for (var condition in tempConditionData) { if (tempConditionData[condition].id === $scope.results.id && tempConditionData[condition].published === true) { names.push(tempBusinesses[business].id); $scope.businesses.push(tempBusinesses[business]); } } } }) .then(function() { quickblox.listRatings(names, $scope.businesses); }) .then(function() { $scope.dataLoaded = true; }, function(err) { $log.log('something went wrong: ' + err); }); Lastly, results.html <tr ng-repeat="business in businesses | orderBy:sortBy:reverse"> <td class="4u provider-info"> {{business.name}} <br> <span ng-bind-html="business.rateDisplay"></span> <small>{{business.rating}}</small> </td> </tr> I've also ran a JSHint several times and I'm not coming up with any errors. Any thoughts? EDIT As per requested, here's my code for getBusinesses() appData.factory('getData', ['$q', '$http', function($q, $http) { 'use strict'; var baseURL = 'http://someapiurl.com/'; return { // ... getBusinesses:function() { return $http.get(baseURL + 'businesses') .then(function(res) { if (typeof res.data === 'object') { return res.data; } else { return $q.reject(res.data); } }, function(err) { return $q.reject(err.data); }); } }; }); A: Without fully knowing what is going on under the covers, I'm going to take a guess that you have an async operation happening outside of the "Angular-world". In other words, Angular is not aware that a change to a scope-exposed variable has happened and a digest cycle is not triggered, until you have clicked on a button with ng-click, for example, that triggers a digest. The likely place where it is happening is here: QB.data.list("Comments", data, function(err, result) { }); This is an async operation, correct? With the handler function invoked on completion? If you assign anything to the scope variable there, it would not be visible to Angular, unless you invoke $scope.$apply. Let's assume you factored out the current handler function as yourCurrentHandler: function yourCurrentHandler(err, result){ // whatever you do right now // ... } QB.data.list("Comments", data, function(err, result) { $scope.$apply(function(){ yourCurrentHandler(err, result); }); }); plunker with an illustrative example Find a Theatre Latest Movie News Aaron Sorkin Working on Steve Jobs Biopic for Sony The task of writing a worthy script to depict the life of tech visionary Steve Jobs, is no easy feat. While he has been busy with his new HBO hit series “Newsroom”, Aaron Sorkin has been working on a Steve Jobs biopic of sorts for Sony Pictures. Sorkin’s plan for the film, as he shared at The Daily Beast Hero conference, will be structured around three 30-minute segments set behind the scenes before three of Apple’s biggest product launches to date– the Mac, the iPod and NeXT. Sorkin envisions the scenes to play out in real time and it would put a microscope on the life of Jobs during three distinct phases of his life – introducing one of the most cutting edge technologies with his kit, getting his life back together after being forced out of the company and of course, launching the Mac. We'll keep you posted as more details emerge on the untitled "Steve Jobs Project".Searching for planets around nearby stars is like searching for a needle in a field of haystacks. Credit: Trevor Dobson/Flikr, CC BY-ND One of the great things about science is that, when you start to observe a new object in space, you can never be sure quite what you'll find. We received a fantastic reminder of this during observations designed to check whether nearby stars had planetary companions. Our observations confirmed the discovery of a couple of planets, but also yielded an unexpected surprise. Buried among our candidates was the corpse of a star – a white dwarf – a discovery we announced this month in the Astrophysical Journal. The search for stellar wobbles Our story begins with a survey called the Anglo-Australian Planet Search (AAPS), which spent 17 years looking for alien worlds using the 3.9-metre Anglo-Australian Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory in New South Wales. We often say a planet orbits a star (Earth orbits the Sun, for example), but the truth is slightly more complicated. Instead, the two orbit around their common centre of mass. As a result, a star that hosts a planet will wobble, rocking back and forth over time. Radial velocity surveys search for planets by attempting to detect that telltale wobble. Over its lifetime, the AAPS discovered more than 40 planets in this manner. But it is almost certain that more planets remained undiscovered in the AAPS data. So we began searching for those hidden worlds. In several cases we found stars that exhibited distinct signs of a wobble, but for which less than a full orbit had been completed. Without observing a full orbit, we don't know whether the companions causing the wobble are planets, or other stars. The Anglo-Australian Telescope, at Siding Spring Observatory, offers spectacular views of the southern sky. Credit: Jonti Horner, Author provided So how can we work out what we've found? Direct imaging – a new trick We identified 21 stars around which there could be a planet, but to be sure, we needed more data. Unfortunately, the AAPS had ended, so we needed to do something innovative. For each of our stars, there were two possibilities: either the wobble is caused by a planet, or by something bigger (such as a brown dwarf or an unseen stellar companion). Recent advances in astronomical imaging techniques mean we can now use the world's largest telescopes to look at nearby stars and see objects very close to them – closer than has ever been possible before. We used the 8.1m Gemini-South telescope in Chile to obtain high-resolution images of our target stars, to see whether we could see any previously hidden companions. Despite the power of the technique, any planets around our targets would remain invisible. But if the observed wobbles were caused by more massive objects, we should be able to see those objects and hence rule out the planetary hypothesis. The peculiar case of HD 118473 For 20 of our targets, things went as we expected. In some cases, we detected a previously undiscovered stellar companion. In others, we could rule out massive companions, giving us confidence in the presence of planets around those stars. Astronomical imaging showing the four giant planets orbiting HR 8799. But for one star, things got weird. On the basis of the wobble data, we knew that the lowest possible mass the companion could have is around 0.44 times the mass of the Sun. That's much too massive to be a planet. With that much mass, we would expect the companion to be a star, fainter and cooler than the Sun, but easily visible with Gemini-South. But when we looked at our images, no companion star was visible. A macabre twist The radial velocity
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to agree. She paused in the open doorway and said, "Bring the letter with you . . . please. Sara and I are bringing ours." "There wasn't any letter on my nightstand," Anne snapped. Carrie turned around. "I never said anything about a nightstand." Anne turned her head away from Carrie. "Shut the door after you." What in God's name was the matter with Anne? Why was she lying? What could she possibly have to gain? Carrie didn't have any answers. She went back to her suite but stopped short just inside the door. Her beautiful Gucci bags had been ripped open with a knife, and all of her clothes were strewn about the sofa and chair. Why hadn't she noticed the mess before? Just as she suspected, one of her two cell phones, her chargers, and the laptop were all missing. She sprinted for the closet. "Please, God," she whispered as she threw the double doors open. Maybe Jilly hadn't been that thorough. Maybe she hadn't found the cell phone in her pocket. Carrie started to cry when she saw her blazer on the floor. Her sister had found the phone. She looked away, sobbing now as the magnitude of her situation overwhelmed her. She let herself weep for a couple of minutes, then struggled to get her emotions under control. "I'm losing it," she said out loud. Wiping her face with the backs of her hands, she staggered to her feet and went into the bathroom. She stared at herself in the mirror. God, she was a mess. Her eyes were swollen, and her face looked haggard. Carrie took the time to brush her teeth and wash her face. She lifted her robe off the hook behind the bathroom door and put it on. She felt better now, more in control. After she picked up the letter and the envelope her dear, demented sister had left for her, she went downstairs. Neither Sara nor Anne was waiting for her. Carrie went into the kitchen and was surprised to find the pantry hadn't been stripped. There were boxes of unopened cereal, canned vegetables, and fruit. She noticed the tops had dust on them, indicating they'd been there quite awhile. The refrigerator was empty, but there was a full container of Folgers coffee in the freezer. Carrie kept going to the hallway to see if Sara or Anne had come down yet. What the hell was taking them so long? She went back into the kitchen, made a pot of coffee, and then carried a mug of the steaming brew into the living room. She deliberately kept away from the windows, just in case someone was out there watching. She sat down in one of the easy chairs near the dining room and waited tensely. Her hand trembled, and hot coffee spilled over the rim, burning her fingers. Five minutes later, she saw Sara slowly making her way down the winding staircase. She was dressed in a royal blue floral silk robe. From the way she clung to the railing, she appeared to be woozy still. "Do you need help?" Carrie called out when Sara stopped for the fifth time. She had a white-knuckle grip on the railing. "No, I can make it. I'm a little dizzy. What in heaven's name was in that food?" "I don't know what it was," Carrie said. "But it was powerful." "It could have killed us." Wouldn't that have been something? Carrie thought. To die from a canapé and never know about all the trouble Jilly had gone to. Her sister would have been enraged. Carrie smiled at the thought, as sick as it was. "Would you like some coffee?" "I don't think I can handle it just yet. How do you know that it wasn't poisoned?" "It isn't," she assured her. "My letter was from my sister. She's gone to a lot of trouble to terrify me. She obviously wants me to suffer before I die, and poison would act too quickly." "Then why did she drug the food?" "To knock us all out," Carrie answered. She waited until Sara had taken a seat across from her, and then said, "She came into our rooms last night." "Someone was here," Sara agreed. "He or she went through all my things. My cell phone and Palm Pilot are both missing." "The phone line's dead too." "Yes," Sara said. "I checked." It suddenly occurred to Carrie that the judge was awfully calm. She asked her why. "I don't see any reason to become hysterical. What would it solve? I'd rather exert my energy figuring out a way to get out of here . . . in one piece." Carrie took another long drink of her coffee. It was tepid now and bitter, but she drank it anyway. "My sister came back from her grave." "Excuse me?" "My sister . . . I thought she was killed in a car accident years ago," Carrie said. "My husband and I celebrated after my niece went to bed. I was told that her body was cremated in the inferno, but there were items from her purse that had been thrown clear during the impact, and those items convinced the police that the victim was my sister. I was a fool to believe it. Jilly was wanted for questioning by the police at the time." "So she feigned her own death," Sara said, nodding. "Clever." "Oh, yes," Carrie agreed. "Jilly was always sneaky and clever." She got up and handed the letter to Sara. "She's hired a hit man. That's what she called him. Her hit man." "Your own sister did this to you." Sara didn't sound surprised, just intrigued. Carrie wondered at her reaction. In normal families, if there really was such a thing, sisters certainly squabbled. Some might even hate each other, but how many would go to the extreme of hiring someone to kill a sibling? "You're not shocked," she said. "No, I'm not." Carrie shook her head. "Jilly isn't like anyone you've ever known." "Want to bet?" Sara said dryly. "I've put away hundreds of men and women who committed heinous crimes. I believe I've heard and seen it all in the twenty-two years I've sat on the bench. Nothing can shock me now." Carrie scoffed. "I wouldn't count on that. So tell me, Sara. Who wants you dead?" Sara carefully adjusted the belt on her robe so that the bow was perfect, then folded her hands in her lap. "Who wants me dead? Oh, quite a few people, I would imagine." She handed the letter to Carrie and watched as she unfolded the note and read it. It was short and to the point. Judge Collins: I told you I would get even, and I'm a man of my word. Now it's your turn to suffer. I wish I could be there to watch . . . from a safe distance, of course. You're going to die very soon now. Rot in hell, bitch. Carrie dropped the letter on the coffee table. Then she handed Jilly's letter to Sara. "While you read her short but not-so-sweet note, I'm going to get another cup of coffee." "I'd love a cup now," Sara said. Carrie went back into the kitchen, and when she returned a minute later with two mugs, Sara had placed the note on the coffee table next to the one she'd received. Carrie handed her a mug, warned her the coffee was very hot, and sat down. "Your sister hates you." "Oh, yes." "She accused you of stealing her child and turning her against her." "That didn't happen." "She seems to believe that all of her failures were your fault and that your success was stolen from her." Carrie nodded. "Jilly always had the unique ability to rewrite history. Once she said it, in her mind it was real." "She sounds like a psychopath." "She is," Carrie said. "It was never officially diagnosed, but I'm sure that's what she is." Sara began to trace the worry line in her forehead with her fingertip as she listened to Carrie. Back and forth, back and forth. She was so deep in thought she probably wasn't even aware of what she was doing. "What happened with the child?" "Avery," she said. "Her name is Avery, and she's an adult now, not a child. Jilly left her in the hospital. She told my mother and me that we could keep her, sell her, or give her away. She didn't care what happened to her." Tears sprang into Carrie's eyes. She hated herself for showing such weakness in front of a virtual stranger, but she was powerless to do anything about it. "Jilly's going after Avery too. Oh, God, she could already have her locked away somewhere now. My niece was going to join me at the spa . . ." She covered her face with her hand. "We've got to get out of here soon. We have
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patients will not have nasal packing and are able to return to work within 7-10 days. Dr. Azizzadeh and Dr. Cabin will see the patient several times in the first 10 days following the surgery. The patient will then be seen every 3 months for one year and annually after that. Follow up is a critical component of rhinoplasty, as the nose will continue to improve over the first 12 months, will full results after about 1 year. Rhinoplasty, unlike all other plastic surgery procedures requires a long-term commitment by the surgeon and the patient in order to ensure a successful and satisfactory outcome. The outcome of rhinoplasty relies on precise techniques to improve the aesthetics and breathing function of the nose. Preoperative planning is paramount to a successful outcome. Dr. Azizzadeh, Dr Cabin, and their knowledgeable and caring staff can help answer all of your questions. Contact Us Before & After Gallery In The Media Dr. Azizzadeh’s Instagram Feed Publications The CENTER for Advanced Facial Plastic Surgery's site provides information about facial plastic surgery procedures and is not to be taken as medical advice. As a destination for patients from around the world, the CENTER is located in the Los Angeles & Beverly Hills, California area. The information available on this web site is provided for informational purposes only.This information is not intended to replace a medical consultation where a physician's judgment may advise you about specific disorders, conditions and or treatment options. We hope the information will be useful for you to become more educated about your health care and plastic surgery decisions.Q: How to restrict a logged in user to access the login page in spring without using spring security? I am new to Spring and developing a dynamic web application in Spring and Tomcat and for some reason I am not using Spring Security. I want to prevent users to access the login page who are already in a session.Here is my code: @Controller @RequestMapping("/login") @SessionAttributes("userAuthenticator") public class LoginController { @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) public String showLogin(ModelMap model, HttpServletRequest request) { System.out.println("Current Session: " + request.getSession(false)); if (request.getSession(false) == null) { System.out.println("This means a new user wants to access the login page"); return "login"; } else{ //means the user is already in session.So move him to another page say display.jsp //actually I have done here with some other checking like getUserName() from the model "UserAuthenticator" and if its again null redirect to login page. } For Now forget about the else part.When I entered the URL in my browser first time: ..../AccountCreation/login.htm Console Output: Current Session: null This means a new user wants to access the login page Looks absolutely normal because a new user is accessing the page(login page also appears). But when I re-enter the URL even refresh the page the console output comes: Current Session: org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSessionFacade@511e0a Where did that session come from ? (For that reason, in my else part I got:"The webpage has a redirected loop" in my browser) Can anyone suggest me a way to achieve my goal without using Spring Security ? This is very much needed for me now..... Thanks... A: You can use a session variable. HttpSession ses=request.getSession(false); if(ses.getAttribute("sessionVar") == null) //show login page else // don't show login page Setting up session variable: HttpSession ses=request.getSession(); ses.setAttribute("sessionVar","someValueToShowSession"); "♪ We are the Crystal Gems ♪" "♪ we'll always save the day ♪" "♪ and if you think we can't ♪" "♪ we'll always find a way ♪" " # that's why the people # - # of this world #" " # believe in... # - # Garnet #" " # Amethyst # - # and Pearl #" "♪ And Steven!" "♪ 1x32 - "Garnet's Universe"" "~ForaTemer~" "Steven?" "Steven." "I know you're here." "Come on out." " You know I can sense you." " Steven bomb!" "Whoa!" "I got you." " You got me." " And now you're blind." "Tiny hands ..." "my only weakness." "Whoa!" "What did you do today?" "Tell me what you think I did." "Huh!" "You ... reveal yourself!" "Top o' the morning to you, Garnet." "Nothing like some morning training to get the blood pumping." "Am I right?" "Hopper, nice to see you, too." "By the way, have you seen Hoppy?" "She was hoppin' excited to train with us." "Ya-a-a-a-a-h!" "Wa-a-a-a-a-a-h!" "Hyah!" "Garnet." " Hoppy." " Wow, Garnet." "I can tell you've been training." " Your power levels are hoppin' high!" " Yes, Hopper, but they could always be higher." "We should train more." "I nearly had to jump on you that time." " Oooooooh!" " We can train some other time, Hoppy." "Right now there's a gem artifact" " to recover." " I wonder what it is this time." "Maybe a magic power amulet or a flying power carpet or maybe an enchanted power onion!" "Whatever it is, we should hurry." "There's somebody at home that I need to get back to." " Who is that?" " My most favorite" " person in the world." " Have you ever told him that?" " No." " Why not?" "I'm not strong enough." " Will we get to meet him soon?" " Not yet." "He's not ready to learn that I have secret animal friends." "Whoa." "His power levels are hoppin' pretty low." "I can revive him." "Ringo!" "Thank you for saving me!" "Tell us your name, stranger." "My name is Ringo." "I am but a humble caretaker of the shrine atop Yonder mountain." "How did you get those wounds?" "Was it from some kind of training?" "Well, you see, an innocent Fox man wanted to see the shrine." "Such a sweet, sweet Fox man." "Naturally, I obliged." "Inside rested the sacred magic gem of ultimate power!" "It was then that the Fox man double-crossed me." "He used the power of the gem to banish me from my own shrine." "Ever since then, I've been searching for someone strong" " enough to help me." " That gem must be contained." "No one should have that much power." "Oh, you can have the gem." "I just want my shrine back." " We'll get it back for you." " Hop five!" "Don't worry, Steven." "I'll be home soon." "We're here!" "Holy hop!" "His power is off the charts!" "Be careful, Garnet." "Don't hop off more than" " you can chew." " Fox man, give us the gem." "What?" "You again?" "Oh, I see what this is." "If you want the gem, you'll" " have to defeat me!" " So be it." "See?" "I told you he was strong." "Ugh." "Then we'll just have to get stronger." "Training time!" "Ringo!" "Ringo!" "Weighted gauntlets." "Ugh!" "She just gained 10 power from that one punch!" "Come on, Garnet." "You can do this!" "You've just got to remember what you're fighting for." "Rah!" "7,000. 8,000. 10,000!" "Numbers have no meaning!" " I'm ready." " So cool!" "We're here!" " Ugh!" " Back again, huh?" "Looks like you're hungry for another delicious beating." "Actually, that last one spoiled my appetite." "How dare you insult my cooking skills?" "What?" "!" "Impossible!" "Oh, that hurts." " Now give back the gem." " But I'm the sworn protector of the gem." "What did that liar tell you?" " No!" " You dummies fell for it." "Now the sacred magic gem of ultimate power is mine!" "Ultimate Ringo!" "Curse you, Ringo!" "I'll make you pay for this!" "Too bad you didn't outfox me when you had the chance!" " An on..." " ..." "Ion..." "Ring." "We will avenge you, Fox man." " Ringo, you must be defeated!" " Ahem." "The name's "ultimate Ringo."" "Wh-Wh-What is this place?" "Welcome to my Ringo zone!" "It is here where my powers are strongest." "You want to stop me?" "Go on." "It'll amuse me." "
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As AR, VR, and MR advance and grow in popularity, a similar scenario is unfolding. The impact of these virtual experiences extends far beyond the pixels, sounds, and physical sensations that an artificially induced reality produces. Virtual technologies reshape personal thinking and societal attitudes on a massive scale. All of this raises questions and concerns that extend into and across myriad fields: psychology, physiology, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, law, ethics, and even religion. _How will people adapt to countless hours of immersion? Will some people become cyber-addicted and opt to remain in an immersed state as their preferred state? What would this do to the dividing line between the physical and virtual worlds? How does virtual technology affect hacking and virtual criminality? What is the impact of virtual porn and sexuality, which could take on entirely new dimensions in the virtual world? And how will the legal system address all sorts of new issues and problems?_ ## Designing Responsibly Fear, uncertainty, and doubt have swirled around almost every new technology. In the early 1800s, the Luddites opposed the use of any and all weaving machinery. Their protests and uprisings lead to the destruction of weaving machines and textile mills across England. In 1877, a _New York Times_ editorial railed against the telephone as an invasion of privacy. And in 1943, IBM chairman Thomas J. Watson predicted that the world market for computers would top out at about five. Three years later, 20th Century Fox executive Darryl Zanuck predicted that "television won't be able to hold onto any market it captures after the first six months. People will soon get tired of staring at a plywood box every night." Although it's easy to laugh off past predictions gone wrong, it's also wise to recognize that emerging technologies represent the unknown—and all the unpredictability that comes with it. Yet, somewhere between hype and fear lies the real world of how various inventions influence and change people and societies. Printing presses, telephones, cameras, televisions, computers, and every other technology along the way altered how people go about their daily lives and engage in activities. Augmented and virtual realities will follow the same trajectory. Designers, manufacturers, software developers, and others will make decisions that affect the way people use and experience these systems. Along the way, society will have to decide what's desirable, what's acceptable, and what's off limits. Clearly, virtual reality raises plenty of concerns. For starters, if an environment is too realistic, a person within the immersive world might experience dizziness, nausea, disorientation, panic, or even a medical problem such as a stroke or heart attack. Although it's reasonable to think a person having a bad VR experience would simply yank off the headset and reunite with the physical world, things aren't so simple. The mental anguish associated with being shot at or dropped from an airplane without a parachute could prove so terrifying that a person succumbs to an immediate panic attack and freezes. There's also the possibility of long-term psychological impacts, including desensitization. Virtual reality raises plenty of concerns. For starters, if an environment is too realistic, a person within the immersive world might experience disorientation, panic, even a medical problem such as a stroke or heart attack. In fact, visitors to virtual spaces say that the feelings and sensations often seem entirely real. A 2016 _Wall Street Journal_ article highlighted software worker Erin Bell, who, while standing on a carpet with a VR headset strapped on, refused to step off a plank suspended over a deep, rusted pit—even though she knew she was standing in a lab at Stanford University and a researcher was initiating the request. "I knew I was in a virtual environment but I was still afraid," she said. Others have reported strong feelings of anxiety, fear, and dismay as scenes and experiences unfolded within a virtual world. These range from driving a race car at high speeds to stepping into virtual combat. What's more, research shows that when people enter a virtual reality space they suspend belief in the physical world. Simply put, their minds tell them the experience is completely real. Although manufacturers engineer VR systems to minimize nausea, dizziness, and other negative sensations—and most recommend that young children do not use these systems—there are also growing concerns about eyestrain, headaches, repetitive stress injuries, and other physical effects. Oculus, for instance, offers the following recommendation: "Ease into the use of the headset to allow your body to adjust; use for only a few minutes at a time at first, and only increase the amount of time using the headset gradually as you grow accustomed to virtual reality." Oculus doesn't stop there: "Take at least a 10 to 15 minute break every 30 minutes, even if you don't think you need it. Each person is different, so take more frequent and longer breaks if you feel discomfort." It also warns about driving, riding a bike, or using machinery after a VR session. ## Mind over VR USC's Skip Rizzo is among the world's foremost experts in virtual reality and the human mind. His research has focused on developing VR technology to aid and treat PTSD, spinal cord injuries, and other conditions, which we discussed previously. The technology is a two-sided coin, however. "There are many questions that remain unanswered," he says. "Virtual technology can be used to alter emotions and treat people with PTSD and other conditions. But if we accept that VR can be used to evoke emotions for a positive aim, then we also have to accept that it could also trigger negative emotions that could have a long-lasting effect." In fact, the long-term effects of virtual reality are largely unknown. It's reasonable to think that—as with today's gaming devices—extended immersion could lead to antisocial behavior and other types of psychological problems. Research conducted in the virtual reality space indicates that the technology changes the way people think and behave. The mind, tricked into thinking the artificial events are real, acts as though they are. This, of course, leads thinking and behavior in new directions. While the outcomes aren't necessarily negative, they also aren't necessarily positive. Indeed, it's possible for a user to land anywhere along a broad continuum of outcomes. Stanford University's Jeremy Bailenson believes that the impact of virtual reality is discernable and significant. He has examined VR and human thinking for nearly two decades. The lab builds and studies systems that allow people to meet in virtual spaces and explore new and different types of interactions. "Qualitatively, it's got a different impact on how we perceive information because we're using our bodies," he stated. "It is simply not the same as going from regular resolution to HD TV, or from black and white to color videos. Because you're using your body and it's completely immersive, I do think it's a big jump in the history of media. But I don't think it's going to change who people are." In Bailenson's book _Experience on Demand_ , he points out that a person in a virtual world can step into another person's shoes to feel what it is like to do a job—or experience what it's like to be homeless. Bailenson is particularly interested in how VR can help people develop greater empathy and understanding for others. He has conducted extensive research on ageism, racism, and aiding the disabled. He writes: "If a teenager has a negative stereotype of the elderly, then merely asking the teenager to imagine an elderly perspective might simply serve to reinforce those stereotypes. The teen might create images of elderly who are slow, frugal, and who tell boring stories." Adding VR to the mix could prove transformative. While certain types of training can desensitize people to other people's feelings—and this may be a good thing for a soldier or firefighter who must witness atrocities and calamities—the technology can also play a positive role. "Formalizing the role-playing into a set simulation that counteracts stereotypical representations can avoid these negative stereotypes by creating scenes that show the strengths of the elderly," Bailenson noted. In other words, participants might lack information that's crucial to gaining real-world perspective, and VR can guide them through the process. He goes onto say: "Empathy isn't a fixed quality. Our capacity for empathy can be changed by our culture and the media technologies that transmit the culture's values—for good and bad." How VR affects empathy is highly a nuanced topic, Bailenson points out. For example, in one experiment, participants were twice as likely to help those who are color-blind after spending time in a VR environment that allowed them to see the world as if they were color-blind themselves. However, VR can also produce counterintuitive results. Another study, for example, found that individuals who became "blind" in a VR world sometimes became more discriminatory and less empathetic. The reason? The newly blind person experienced the trauma of sudden blindness rather than the ongoing reality of being blind. Simply put, they are focused on the obstacles related to coping with the problem rather than the problem itself. The ramifications are important and must be considered by those designing applications as well as those using them. There are no simple or clear answers to how the mind reacts to virtual stimuli. Virtual reality "is not a magic bullet," Bailenson writes. "It doesn't succeed in its mission every time, and the 'effect size,' the statistical term for how strong an outcome is, varies." Rizzo adds that "cognitive reappraisal" resulting from VR can take many directions, both positive and negative. "For now, there is a lot of research and exploration going on," he says. "Psychology as a science has been around for at least 125
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:main\] implies a stronger bound than , which is an analog of Gallai’s bound [@G1] for ordinary coloring (see [@KSW] for list coloring): \[cor1\] Let $k\geq 4$ and let $G$ be a DP-$k$-critical graph distinct from $K_k$. Then $$\label{ner2} 2|E(G)|\geq \left(k-1+\frac{k-3}{k^2-3}\right)n.$$ We will prove Theorem \[theo:main\] in the next section and derive Corollary \[cor1\] in Section 4. Proof of Theorem \[theo:main\] ============================== We proceed via a series of lemmas. \[lemma:cycle\] Suppose that $G$ is a regular $n$-vertex multigraph whose underlying simple graph is a cycle. Then $G$ is not DP-degree-colorable if and only if $G \cong C_n^k$ for some $k$. Without loss of generality, assume that $V(G) = [n]$ and $e_G(u, v) > 0$ if and only if $|u-v| = 1$ or $\{u,v\} = \{1,n\}$. Suppose that $G \not \cong C_n^k$. Since $G$ is regular, this implies that $n$ is even and for some distinct positive $r$, $s$, $e_G(v, v+1) = r$ for all odd $v \in [n]$ and $e_G(1, n) = e_G(v, v+1) = s$ for all even $v \in [n-1]$. Without loss of generality, assume $s > r$. Let $(L, H)$ be a cover of $G$ such that $|L(v)| = \deg_G(v) = r+s$ for all $v \in [n]$. We will show that $G$ is $(L, H)$-colorable. For $x \in L(1)$, say that a color $y \in L(v)$ is *$x$-admissible* if there exists a set $I \subseteq V(H)$ that is independent in $H - E_H(L(1), L(n))$ such that $|I \cap L(u)| = 1$ for all $u \in [v]$ and $\{x, y\} \subseteq I$. Let $A_x(v)\subseteq L(v)$ denote the set of all $x$-admissible colors in $L(v)$. Clearly, for each $x \in L(1)$, $|A_x(2)| \geq s$ and $|A_x(3)| \geq r$. Suppose that for some $x \in L(1)$, $|A_x(3)| > r$. Since each color in $L(4)$ has at most $r$ neighbors in $L(3)$, $A_x(4) = L(4)$. Similarly, $A_x(v) = L(v)$ for all $v \geq 4$. In particular, $A_x(n) = L(n)$. Take any $y \in L(n) \setminus N_H(x)$. Since $y \in A_x(n)$, there exists a set $I \subseteq V(H)$ that is independent in $H - E_H(L(1), L(n))$ such that $|I \cap L(u)| = 1$ for all $u \in [n]$ and $\{x, y\} \subseteq I$. But then $I$ is independent in $H$, so $I$ is an $(L, H)$-coloring of $G$. Thus, we may assume that $|A_x(3)| = r$ for all $x \in L(v)$. Note that $$L(3) \setminus A_x(3) = L(3) \cap \bigcap_{y \in A_x(2)} N_H(y).$$ Therefore, $L(3) \cap N_H(y)$ is the same set of size $s$ for all $y \in A_x(2)$. Since each vertex in $L(3)$ has at most $s$ neighbors in $L(2)$, the graph $H[A_x(2)\cup (L(3) \setminus A_x(3))]$ is a complete $2s$-vertex graph. Since every vertex in $L(2)$ is $x$-admissible for some $x \in L(1)$, $H[L(2)\cup L(3)]$ contains a disjoint union of at least two complete $2s$-vertex graphs. Therefore, $|L(2)\cup L(3)| \geq 4s$. But $|L(2)| = |L(3)|=r + s < 2s$; a contradiction. \[lemma:toomany\] Let $G$ be a connected multigraph and suppose $(L, H)$ is a cover of $G$ such that $|L(v)| \geq \deg_G(v)$ for all $v \in V(G)$, and $|L(v_0)| > \deg_G(v_0)$ for some $v_0 \in V(G)$. Then $G$ is $(L, H)$-colorable. If $|V(G)| = 1$, the statement is clear. Now suppose $G$ is a counterexample with the fewest vertices. Consider the multigraph $G' \coloneqq G - v_0$. For each $v \in V(G')$, let $L'(v) \coloneqq L(v)$, and let $H' \coloneqq H - L(v_0)$. By construction, $(L', H')$ is a cover of $G'$ such that for all $v \in V(G')$, $|L(v)| \geq \deg_{G'}(v)$. Moreover, since $G$ is connected, each connected component of $G'$ contains a vertex $u$ adjacent in $G$ to $v_0$ and thus satisfying $\deg_{G'}(u) < \deg_G(u)$. Hence, by the minimality assumption, $G'$ is $(L', H')$-colorable. Let $I' \subseteq V(H')$ be an $(L', H')$-coloring of $G'$. Then $|N_G(I') \cap L(v_0)| \leq \deg_G(v_0)$, so $L(v_0) \setminus N_G(I') \neq \emptyset$. Thus, $I'$ can be extended to an $(L, H)$-coloring $I$ of $G$; a contradiction. \[lemma:saturated\] Let $G$ be a connected multigraph and let $(L, H)$ be a cover of $G$. Suppose that there is a vertex $v_1 \in V(G)$ and a color $x_1 \in L(v_1)$ such that $G - v_1$ is connected and for some $v_2 \in V(G)\setminus \{v_1\}$, $x_1$ has fewer than $e_G(v_1, v_2)$ neighbors in $L(v_2)$. Then $G$ is $(L, H)$-colorable. Let $G' \coloneqq G - v_1$. For each $v \in V(G')$, let $$L'(v) \coloneqq L(v) \setminus N_H(x_1), $$ and let $$H' \coloneqq H - L(v_1) - N_H(x_1).$$ Then $(L', H')$ is a cover of $G'$. Moreover, for each $v \in V(G')$, $$|L'(v)| = |L(v)| - |L(v) \cap N_H(x_1)| \geq \deg_G(v) - e_G(v, v_1) = \deg_{G'}(v),$$ and $$|L'(v_2)| = |L(v_2)| - |L(v_2) \cap N_H(x_1)| > \deg_G(v_2) - e_G(v_2, v_1) = \deg_{G'}(v_2).$$ Since $G'$ is connected, Lemma \[lemma:toomany\] implies that $G'$ is $(L', H')$-colorable. But if $I' \subseteq V(H')$ is an $(L',H')$-coloring of $G'$, then $I' \cup \{x_1\}$ is an $(L,H)$-coloring of $G$, as desired. \[lemma:regular\] Suppose that $G$ is a $2$-connected multigraph and $(L,H)$ is a cover of $G$ with $|L(v)|\geq \deg_G(v)$ for each $v\in V(G)$. If $G$ is not $(L,H)$-colorable, then $G$ is regular and for each pair of adjacent vertices $v_1$, $v_2\in V(G)$, the bipartite graph $H[L(v_1), L(v_2)]$ is $e
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, medium-intensity group; H1, SAMP6, high-intensity group. The BV/TV, MAR, MS/BS, mAR and BFR were significantly higher in the M2 group than in the C2 group, whereas only the BV/TV and BFR were significantly increased in the M1 group compared with the C1 group, and no other significant differences were observed between the M1 and C1 groups, suggesting that 5 weeks of medium-intensity exercise increases trabecular bone formation and 9 weeks of such exercise increases both trabecular and cortical bone formation. Additionally, the L2 group exhibited significantly increases in the MAR, MS/BS, and mAR compared with the C2 group after 9 weeks of exercise training, but no significant differences were detected between the L1 and C1 groups after 5 weeks of training, indicating that only a long term of low intensity exercise increased bone formation. Furthermore, no significant difference in the eroded surface (ES/BS) was detected between the L and M groups and the C groups after both 5 and 9 weeks of training. Changes in Wnt1, LRP5 and β-catenin mRNA expression in the right tibia {#s2_5} ---------------------------------------------------------------------- We next examined Wnt1, LRP5 and β-catenin mRNA expression in the tibia via *in situ* hybridization staining. Wnt1 expression was significantly lower in the C1 and C2 groups than in the R1 and R2 groups, respectively, and it was significantly higher in the M2 and L2 groups than in the C2 group after 9 weeks of exercise training. Further, no significant differences were observed between the M1 and L1 groups and the C1 group after 5 weeks of training (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). ![Changes of Wnt1 mRNA expression in the left tibia\ **a.** Representative images of Wnt1 mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in each group. The positive cells stained by brown color. **b.** Wnt1 mRNA expression. Percentage of positive cells were calculated from more than five high-power fields (× 400). Data are represented as mean +/− SD (*n* = 6). \*: *P* \< 0.05, \*\*: *P* \< 0.01. **c.** Location of in situ hybridization. R, SAMR1 non-exercise group; C, SAMP6, non-exercise group; L, SAMP6, low-intensity group; M, SAMP6, medium-intensity group; H1, SAMP6, high-intensity group.](oncotarget-07-71072-g003){#F3} Lrp5 expression was significantly lower in the C1 group than in the R1 group, and it did not differ between the C2 and R2 groups. In addition, its expression was significantly increased in the M2 group compare with the C2 group after 9 weeks of exercise training, and no significant difference was observed between the M1 and C1 groups (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). β-catenin mRNA expression was significantly lower in the C groups than in the R groups but was significantly higher in the M groups than in the C groups after both 5 and 9 weeks of exercise training. Additionally, its expression was significantly higher in the L2 group than in the C2 group, and no significant difference was observed between the L1 and C1 groups (Figure [5](#F5){ref-type="fig"}). Sense probes as negative controls did not detect any signal (data not shown). Collectively, our data suggest that exercise-induced upregulation of Wnt1 mRNA expression is dependent on exercise duration but not intensity, while Lrp5 and β-catenin expression are dependent on both the duration and intensity. ![Changes of Lrp5 mRNA expression in the left tibia\ **a.** Representative images of Lrp5 mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in each group. The positive cells stained by brown color. **b.** Lrp5 mRNA expression. Percentage of positive cells were calculated from more than five high-power fields (× 400). Data are represented as mean +/− SD (*n* = 6). \*: *P* \< 0.05, \*\*: *P* \< 0.01. **c.** Location of in situ hybridization. R, SAMR1 non-exercise group; C, SAMP6, non-exercise group; L, SAMP6, low-intensity group; M, SAMP6 , medium-intensity group; H1, SAMP6, high-intensity group.](oncotarget-07-71072-g004){#F4} ![Changes of β-catenin mRNA expression in the left tibia\ **a.** Representative images of β-catenin mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in each group. The positive cells stained by brown color. **b.** β-catenin mRNA expression. Percentage of positive cells were calculated from more than five high-power fields (× 400). Data are represented as mean +/− SD (*n* = 6). \*: *P* \< 0.05, \*\*: *P* \< 0.01. **c.** Location of in situ hybridization. R, SAMR1 non-exercise group; C, SAMP6, non-exercise group; L, SAMP6, low-intensity group; M, SAMP6, medium-intensity group; H1, SAMP6, high-intensity group.](oncotarget-07-71072-g005){#F5} Effects of exercise on serum levels of ALP, OCN and PTH {#s2_6} ------------------------------------------------------- We then analyzed the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN), which reflect the level of bone modeling, particularly that of osteoblastic bone formation. The serum OCN levels were significantly lower in the C groups than in the R groups, whereas the M groups had significantly higher serum levels of ALP and OCN than the C groups in both the 5-week and 9-week exercise training groups. However, no significant difference in the ALP or OCN level was observed between the L and C groups (Figure [6a, 6b](#F6){ref-type="fig"}). These results indicate that exercise increases serum level of ALP and OCN in an intensity but not duration dependent manner, leading to the anabolic effect of bone for the prevention of senile osteoporosis. The level of parathyroid hormone (PTH), a positive regulator of bone resorption, did not differ among all of the groups (Figure [6c](#F6){ref-type="fig"}), indicating that the beneficial effect of exercise on preventing osteoporosis was not attributed to a change in the serum PTH level. ![Effects of exercise on serum levels of ALP, OCN and PTH in each group\ **a.** The serum levels of ALP. **b.** The serum levels of OCN. **c.** The serum levels of PTH. Data are represented as mean +/− SD (*n* = 6). \*: *P* \< 0.05, \*\*: *P* \< 0.01. R, SAMR1 non-exercise group; C, SAMP6, non-exercise group; L, SAMP6, low-intensity group; M, SAMP6, medium-intensity group; H1, SAMP6, high-intensity group.](oncotarget-07-71072-g006){#F6} DISCUSSION {#s3} ========== The present study demonstrated that SAMP6 mice had lower BMD and bone strength than strain SAM/resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice with aging after 3 months, leading to a reduction in resistance to bending fractures. In addition, low bone formation was observed in SAMP6 mice, indicating that SAMP6 mice are a good model of senile osteoporosis. The results of this study showed that running exercise increased BMD and bone strength in SAMP6 mice, and these changes were beneficial for the prevention of senile osteoporosis. Our findings are consistent with Ishihara\'s report \[[@R29]\], showing that treadmill running exercise prevents age-associated osteoporosis in SAMP6 mice, and are further supported by bone biomechanical and histomorphometric parameters and serum levels of ALP and OCN. Furthermore, medium-intensity exercise increased the BV/TV, MS/BS, BFR and serum ALP and OCN levels, but these values did not significantly change after low-intensity exercise, indicating that exercise intensity plays an essential role in the positive effects on bone formation. However, high-intensity exercise decreased the BMD in the SAMP6 mice, particularly after 9 weeks of training. This result is likely due to the inhibition of bone formation without affecting bone resorption. Interestingly, high-intensity exercise resulted in no change of the bone ultimate force or elastic modulus, and even led to increased yield stress despite the low BMD, which may be due to changes in bone structure that led to maintained or increased resistance to fracture \[[@R30]\]. Silva et al. found that little evidence of diminished responsiveness to 2 weeks of mechanical loading in the SAMP6 skeleton \[[@R31]\], and other studies revealed that 8-16 weeks running exercise improved skeletal health \[[@R32]--[@R35]\]. Different from previous reports, we found that only 5 weeks of medium-intensity exercise increased BMD and bone strength in the SAMP6 mice, and 9 weeks of exercise training had greater effects on the ultimate force, CSA, MAR, MS/BS and mAR. Our results suggest that the threshold of exercise duration for skeletal health is 4-5 weeks. In addition, 9 weeks of medium-intensity exercise failed to had greater effects on BMD, yield stress and elastic moduli, suggesting that exercise
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entals följare på sociala medier att anmäla låten till Spotify. Bakom låten står komikern och podcastprofilen Anton Magnusson och komikern och rapparen Simon Gärdenfors. Avbokades efter kritik Anton Magnusson blev i torsdags avbokad från en föreställning på grund av kontroversen kring låten. Han har tidigare avböjt att kommentera turerna kring Knulla barn, men Simon Gärdenfors har skriftligen kommenterat kritiken i ett mejl till SVT: ”Den uppmärksammade låten vi släppte för tre år sen var tänkt som underhållning för folk som uppskattar grov humor. När låten nu spridits till en större grupp människor har reaktionerna varit minst sagt blandade. Allt från personer som själva blivit utsatta för övergrepp som tackar oss för att vi vågar skämta om detta känsliga ämne och att humorn har hjälpt dem att läka, till folk som vill mordhota oss på grund av låten. Till alla som missförstått vår humor kommer här ett klargörande: Vi vänder oss givetvis emot alla former av sexuella övergrepp och svaret som florerar i sociala medier där vi skämtar om motsatsen är ironiskt med syftet att framkalla komisk effekt. Vi har hela tiden bara försökt vara roliga. Bara det, inget annat.”Q: what is the most efficient way to pass in this bool to this function? I have a function in another class that will be being called every frame and I want to know the best way to pass this boolean value in. What is the best way to do this? I have two options and I'm not sure what the best one would be to use? Or if there is a better way to do this altogether? The bool in question is the 'decrease bool' Option 1: Class 1: void Update() { SkillSelectionArrow skillArrow skillArrow.Update(deltaTime, &skills.weight, true); } Class 2: void SkillSelectionArrow::Update(float * deltaTime, int *valueToBeChanged, bool decrease) { if (this->CheckSpecificCollision(mouse) && input->getMouseLeftDown() == true) { decrease == true ? valueToBeChanged++ : valueToBeChanged--; } } or would initialising a bool be more efficient and passing this in for example: Option 2: Class 1: void Update() { SkillSelectionArrow skillArrow bool decrease = true; skillArrow.Update(deltaTime, &skills.weight, &decrease); } Class 2: void SkillSelectionArrow::Update(float * deltaTime, int *valueToBeChanged, bool *decrease) { if (this->CheckSpecificCollision(mouse) && input->getMouseLeftDown() == true) { *decrease == true ? valueToBeChanged++ : valueToBeChanged--; } } Thank you A: Pass by value is usually better for small objects. The pointer is likely to be bigger than the object itself. The general rule is to pass by value if the size of the object is less than 2*sizeof(void*). (see https://isocpp.github.io/CppCoreGuidelines/CppCoreGuidelines#Rf-in) float and int is thus usually passed by value (unless you want to modify them in the function!). Note that the performance impact is likely to be very small, probably negligible. More important is to be able to understand the intent of the method. When you pass by pointer, it looks as though you want to modify the object, but for the boolean you do not want to do that, right? PTD 1 describes use of a vinyl alcohol-acrylic acid sodium salt copolymer as a resin useful for producing a separation membrane for separating a carbon dioxide gas from a source gas containing the carbon dioxide gas.5 Simple Statements About dog flea virus Explained Menu 5 Simple Statements About dog flea virus Explained Best Answer: I have heard of working with normal dawn dish cleaning soap, my good friends have attempted it and it labored. i though, use apple cider vinegar.. just bathe her with it each individual two weeks and put a tablespoon in her ingesting water. it repels them. :) Really don't use garlic, i know a great deal of individuals do. garlic is really toxic to dogs. if you'd like to use a thing various, just obtain a bottle of flea dip. The Seresto collar will work by repelling the ticks even in advance of they bite and killing the fleas that exist already. This collar could be worn along with your pet’s collar and it’s adjustable to fit/healthy any pet. Read the Seresto collar critique. Scalibor will work promptly too, killing around ninety eight% of ticks inside of 24 hours. Along with the defense band is so user friendly – a person, adjustable collar lasts approximately 50 % a calendar year as well as if it will get soaked, Scalibor will nevertheless safeguard your dog. Due to the fact 1 package has two collars, it truly is plenty of for a year security, Therefore the item has really realistic value. The reviews relating to this product change: for a few Animals, it really works completely, while in individual scenarios the collar will cause itching and skin discomfort. REPELS ticks on dogs or cats. If a tick is repelled or killed, it are unable to attach to some Puppy or cat. If a tick doesn’t attach, it may possibly’t transmit organisms that may induce ailment Right after providing your Puppy Bravecto, the medication speedily reaches tissue fluids under your Pet dog's skin. When fleas and ticks feed on your dog, they ingest Bravecto and die. i just dog flea e.g. crossword purchased a Pet and his eight weeks aged and i had the same concern…i known as the vet and he informed me he was way too youthful to generally be handled but i known as the lady from the place i bought him and she explained to me dog flea shampoo uk to employ ZODIAC for puppies for fleas and ticks. The solution's acceptance will come as Merck continues To guage its strategic selections for the animal overall health business enterprise, which generates over $3 billion in yearly product sales and is the earth’s second-most significant animal health and fitness company. Promising a full eight months of non-greasy, odorless safety, Seresto™ will place an conclusion into the monthly headache of attempting to get your cat to take a seat nevertheless When you carefully try out for getting that spot-on topical treatment on for their skin devoid of building a multitude. The product is accredited by veterinarians, so you're able to certainly utilize it for infestation treatment and prevention with out health practitioner’s prescription. Most reviews are optimistic, so your Doggy is likely to dress in it with none difficulties. Revolution provides total parasite defense. Revolution is usually a topical liquid medication which is useful for flea prevention, heartworm prevention, and prevention and control of ear mites, sarcoptic mange, and American Canine ticks. These substances operate alongside one another to deliver dual motion versus fleas and ticks like no other treatment! This collar is made and packaged available for sale in England.Crucial BenefitsFor dogs over eighteen poundsKills fleas and repels and kills ticksRepels ticks to stop transfer of organisms that cause diseaseNon-greasy, odorless and simple to useWater resistant protectionNo have to have to recollect monthly applications27.five inch adjustable collar lengthSee all products by Seresto » See Additional Eliminate any collar prior to software and replace when merchandise is dry. Part the hair until finally the skin is obvious. Spot the idea on the tube over the skin and squeeze the tube firmly twice to apply the solution straight on the skin. Keep away from pet's eyes or mouth. Keep tube upright and pull off the cap. Reverse the cap and thrust cap again on tube. Twist cap to break seal, then eliminate cap from tube. Apply between the shoulder blades. The animal needs to be standing for straightforward application.Today’s Cults: You Might Not Recognize Them Dear Kristi, Maria and All, Recently, a reader asked if I would write a column about cult activity that continues across our country today. The reader, Ron Taggart, is president of an all-volunteer, nonprofit organization called Cult Information Services of Northeast Ohio. He had been in a cult in the 1970s, and spent several years afterward trying to figure out why, and what happened that allowed him to be deceived. I have a column coming out on this next
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.” § 1126(e). Therefore, U.S. Bank overstates its argument that, unless we reverse the BAP, debtors will begin assigning their claims to third parties in return for votes in favor of plan confirmation.9 We fail to see how establishing a rule that insider status transfers as a matter of law would 9 For this assertion, U.S. Bank cites In re Heights Ban Corp., 89 B.R. 795 (Bankr. S.D. Iowa 1988). There, the court concluded insider status must transfer with a claim upon assignment, otherwise “the operation of section 1129(a) would be seriously undermined. Debtors unable to obtain the acceptance of an impaired creditor simply could assign insider claims to third parties, who in turn could vote to accept.” Id. at 799. Although the language in that case supports U.S. Bank’s position, the facts do not. The assignor in In re Heights Ban Corp. transferred more than his claim; he and his co-shareholders also transferred their shareholder interests in the debtor to the assignee. Id. The court concluded that the assignors’ and assignee’s interests were “so interlocked . . . [as to be] indistinguishable with respect to the debtor for purposes of section 1129(a)(10).” Id. Thus, the assignee became an insider by becoming a shareholder of the debtor, not simply by acquiring a claim from a statutory insider. IN RE THE VILLAGE AT LAKERIDGE 15 better protect the creditors’ rights than the current factual inquiry.10 In conducting a factual inquiry for insider status, courts should begin with the statute. If the assignee fits within a statutory insider classification on his own, the court’s review ends; it need not examine the nature of the statutory insider’s relationship to the debtor. See In re Enter. Acquisition Partners, 319 B.R. at 631. Because Rabkin did not become a statutory insider by way of assignment and was not a statutory insider in his own capacity, we must determine whether the bankruptcy court erred in finding that Rabkin was not a non-statutory insider. B. Non-Statutory Insider Status Non-statutory insiders are the functional equivalent of statutory insiders and, therefore, must fall within the ambit of § 101(31). See In re Winstar Commc’ns, Inc., 554 F.3d at 395. A creditor is not a non-statutory insider unless: (1) the closeness of its relationship with the debtor is comparable to that of the enumerated insider classifications in § 101(31), and (2) the relevant transaction is negotiated at less than 10 U.S. Bank correctly points out that this court previously determined insider status does transfer with a claim under the general law of assignment. See Greer West Inv. Ltd. P’ship v. Transamerica Title Ins. (In re Greer West Inv. Ltd. P’ship), No. 94-15670, 1996 WL 134293 (9th Cir. Mar. 25, 1996) (unpublished). However, Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3 prohibits parties from citing “[u]npublished dispositions . . . of this Court issued before January 1, 2007 . . . to the courts of this circuit.” Thus, U.S. Bank should not have relied upon, or cited, In re Greer West in its arguments, and we are not bound by the decision. 16 IN RE THE VILLAGE AT LAKERIDGE arm’s length.11 See Anstine v. Carl Zeiss Meditec AG (In re U.S. Med., Inc.), 531 F.3d 1272, 1277 (10th Cir. 2008). A court cannot assign non-statutory insider status to a creditor simply because it finds the creditor and debtor share a close relationship. See id. at 1277–78. A court must conduct a fact-intensive analysis to determine if a creditor and debtor shared a close relationship and negotiated at less than arm’s length. Having—or being subject to—some degree of control is one of many indications that a creditor may be a non-statutory insider, but actual control is not required to find non-statutory insider status.12 See id. at 1277 n.5. Likewise, access to the debtor’s inside information may—but not shall—warrant a finding of non- statutory insider status. See id. at 1277. 11 An “arm’s length transaction” is: “1. A transaction between two unrelated and unaffiliated parties. 2. A transaction between two parties, however closely related they may be, conducted as if the parties were strangers, so that no conflict of interest arises.” Transaction, Black’s Law Dictionary (10th ed. 2014). The dissent quotes both definitions, but interprets them to mean that any affinity between two parties renders a transaction less than arm’s length rather than returning to the definition in § 101(31) for guidance. See Dissent at 23. 12 As noted by the Tenth and Third Circuits, if actual control were required for non-statutory insider status, all non-statutory insiders would also be statutory insiders under 11 U.S.C. § 101(31). § 101(31)(A)(iv) (defining “insider” as a “corporation of which the debtor is a director, officer, or person in control” (emphasis added)); § 101(31)(B)(iii), (C)(v) (defining “insider” as a “person in control of the debtor”); In re Winstar Commc’ns, Inc., 554 F.3d at 396; In re U.S. Med., Inc., 531 F.3d at 1279. Such construction of § 101(31) would render meaningless the language: “the term ‘insider’ includes.” IN RE THE VILLAGE AT LAKERIDGE 17 U.S. Bank asserts the bankruptcy court erred in holding Rabkin was not a non-statutory insider. We review the bankruptcy court’s factual finding for clear error.13 In re Friedman, 126 B.R. at 70; Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a)(6). “A finding is ‘clearly erroneous’ when[,] although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.” United States v. U.S. Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364, 395 (1948). We apply this highly deferential standard to findings of fact, because “[f]indings of fact are made on the basis of evidentiary hearings and usually involve credibility determinations.” Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 957 n.4 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 52(a)(6) (“[T]he reviewing court must give due regard to the trial court’s opportunity to judge the witnesses’ credibility.”). Therefore, so long as the bankruptcy court’s findings are “plausible in light of the record viewed in its entirety,” we cannot reverse even if we “would have weighed the evidence differently.” Anderson v. City of Bessemer, 470 U.S. 564, 574 (1985). 13 The dissent argues that “Rabkin’s status [is] a mixed question of law and fact, subject to de novo review.” Dissent at 25. Stating that an issue is a “mixed question” is simply the dissent’s backdoor to reassessing the facts. As stated in Section II, we have two distinct issues in question, each with a different standard of review. First, we reviewed de novo the bankruptcy court’s definition of non-statutory insider status, which is a purely legal question. Now, we must analyze whether the facts of this case are such that Rabkin met that definition, which is a purely factual inquiry and properly left to clear error review. 18 IN RE THE VILLAGE AT LAKERIDGE The bankruptcy court’s finding that Rabkin does not qualify as a non-statutory insider is not clearly erroneous.14 U.S. Bank presents no evidence that Rabkin had a relationship with Lakeridge comparable to those listed in § 103(31). Rather, the evidence shows Rabkin had little knowledge of Lakeridge—or its sole member MBP—prior to acquiring MBP’s unsecured claim, much less access to inside information. Rabkin does not control MBP or Lakeridge, nor does Lakeridge or MBP have any control over Rabkin. U.S. Bank has shown that Rabkin had a close personal and business relationship with Bartlett, and that Bartlett approached Rabkin, and only Rabkin, with an offer to sell MBP’s claim. However, Bartlett
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_{\psi_k}(u_2) \\ &=\delta_{k,i} \Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1) \delta(v\gamma/u_2) +\delta_{j,i}g_{k,i,q^{-1}}(v\gamma /u_2)\Omega_{\psi_k} (u_2)\delta(u_1\gamma/v) \\ &\quad +g_{k,i,q^{-1}}(v\gamma /u_2)g_{j,i}(u_1\gamma/v)x^-_i(v)\Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1)\Omega_{\psi_k} (u_2)\end{aligned}$$ and $$\begin{aligned} \Omega_{\psi_k}(u_2)\Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1)&x^-_i(v) =\delta_{j,i} \Omega_{\psi_k}(u_2) \delta(u_1\gamma/v) +\Omega_{\psi_k}(u_2) x^-_i(v)g_{j,i}(u_1\gamma/v)\Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1) \\ &= \delta_{j,i}\Omega_{\psi_k}(u_2) \delta(u_1\gamma/v) +\delta_{k,i}g_{j,i}(u_1\gamma/v)\Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1)\delta(v\gamma/u_2) \\ &\quad+g_{k,i,q^{-1}}(v\gamma /u_2)g_{j,i}(u_1\gamma/v)x^-_i(v)\Omega_{\psi_k}(u_2)\Omega_\phi (u_1)\end{aligned}$$ Set $S=(q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}\gamma^2u_1-u_2)\Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1)\Omega_{\psi_k}(u_2)-(\gamma^2u_1-q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}u_2)\Omega_{\psi_k}(u_2)\Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1) $. Then $$\begin{aligned} Sx^-_i(v) &= (q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}\gamma^2u_1-u_2)\delta_{k,i}\Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1) \delta(v\gamma/u_2)\\ &\quad +(q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}\gamma^2u_1-u_2)\delta_{j,i}g_{k,i,q^{-1}}(v\gamma /u_2)\Omega_{\psi_k} (u_2)\delta(u_1\gamma/v) \\ &\quad +(q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}\gamma^2u_1- u_2)g_{k,i,q^{-1}}(v\gamma /u_2)g_{j,i}(u_1\gamma/v)x^-_i(v)\Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1)\Omega_{\psi_k} (u_2) \\ &\quad-( \gamma^2u_1-q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}u_2) \delta_{j,i}\Omega_{\psi_k}(u_2) \delta(u_1\gamma/v)\\ &\quad -( \gamma^2u_1-q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}u_2)\delta_{k,i}g_{j,i}(u_1\gamma/v)\Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1)\delta(v\gamma/u_2) \\ &\quad-( \gamma^2u_1-q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}u_2)g_{k,i,q^{-1}}(v\gamma /u_2)g_{j,i}(u_1\gamma/v)x^-_i(v)\Omega_{\psi_k}(u_2)\Omega_\phi (u_1)\\ \\ &=\left((q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}\gamma^2u_1-u_2) -(\gamma^2u_1-q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}u_2)g_{j,i}(u_1\gamma/v)\right)\delta_{k,i}\Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1)\delta(v\gamma/u_2) \\ &\quad +\left((q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}\gamma^2u_1-u_2)g_{k,i,q^{-1}}(v\gamma /u_2) -(\gamma^2u_1-q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}u_2)\right)\delta_{j,i} \Omega_{\psi_k}(u_2) \delta(u_1\gamma/v) \\ &\quad+g_{k,i,q^{-1}}(v\gamma /u_2)g_{j,i}(u_1\gamma/v)x^-_i(v)\\ &\hskip 20pt \times\left((q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}\gamma^2u_1-u_2)\Omega_{\phi_j}(u_1)\Omega_{\psi_k} (u_2) -(\gamma^2u_1-q^{(\alpha_j|\alpha_k)}u_2)\Omega_{\psi_k}(u_2)\Omega_\phi (u_1)\right)\\ \\ &=g_{k,i,q^{-1}}(v\gamma /u_2)g_{j,i}(u_1\gamma/v)x^-_i(v)S.\end{aligned}$$ As in the previous calculations we get that $S=0$ and thus the last statement of the proposition hold. The identities (\[omegapsi\]) , (\[omegaphi\]) in [Proposition \[commutatorprop\]]{} can be rewritten as $$\begin{aligned} (q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_j)}v\gamma- u)\Omega_{\psi_j}(u)x^-_i(v)&=(q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_j)}v\gamma- u)\delta_{i,j}\delta(v\gamma/u)+(q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_j)}v\gamma -u)x^-_i(v)\Omega_{\psi_i}(u), \label{omegapsi2}\\ (q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_j)}v- u\gamma) \Omega_{\phi_j}(u)x^-_i(v)&=(q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_j)}v- u\gamma)\delta_{i,j}\delta(v/u\gamma)+( v-q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_j)}u\gamma)x^-_i(v)\Omega_{\phi_j}(u)\label{omegaphi3}\end{aligned}$$ which may be written out in terms of components as $$\begin{aligned} &q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_k)}\gamma\Omega_{\psi_j}(m)x^-_{i,n+1}- \Omega_{\psi_j}(m+1)x^-_{i,n} \\ &\quad =(q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_j)}\gamma-1)\delta_{i,j}\delta_{m,-n-1}+ \gamma x^-_{i,n+1}\Omega_{\psi_j}(m)-q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_j)}x^-_{i,n}\Omega_{\psi_j}(m+1), \label{omegapsi4}\\ & q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_j)}\Omega_{\phi_j}(m)x^-_{i,n+1}- \gamma\Omega_{\phi_j}(m+1)x^-_{i,n} \\ &\qquad =(q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_j)}- \gamma)\delta_{i,j}\delta_{m,-n-1}+ x^-_{i,n+1}\Omega_{\psi_j}(m)-q^{(\alpha_i|\alpha_j)}\gamma x^-_{i,n}\Omega_{\psi_j}(m+1), \label{omegaphi5}\end{aligned}$$ We can also write [ (\[omegapsi\])]{} in terms of components and as operators on $\mathcal N_q^-$ $$\label{omegapsi6} \Omega_{\psi_j}(k)x^-_{i,m}=\delta_{i,j}\delta_{k,-m}\gamma^{k}+\sum_{r\geq 0}g_{i,j,q^{-1}}(r)x^-_{i,m+r}\Omega_{\psi_j}(k-r)\gamma^{r}.$$ The sum on the right hand side turns into a finite sum when applied to an element in $\mathcal N_q^-$, due to [ (\[omegalocalfin\])]{}.
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smartly on the table. He looked sharply at the three men who sat with him. "That clinches it," said he. "One of those fellows was Pango Dooni's nephew, another was his wife's brother. It's the only thing to do--some one must go to Pango Dooni, tell him the truth, ask him to come down and save the place, and sit up there in the Dakoon's place. He'll stand by us, and by England." No one answered at first. Every face was gloomy. At last a grey-haired captain of artillery spoke his mind in broken sentences: "Never do--have to ride through a half-dozen sneaking tribes--Pango Dooni, rank robber--steal like a barrack cat--besides, no man could get there. Better stay where we are and fight it out till help comes." "Help!" said Cumner bitterly. "We might wait six months before a man-of-war put in. The danger is a matter of hours. A hundred men, and a score of <DW65>s--what would that be against thirty thousand natives?" "Pango Dooni is as likely to butcher us as the Dakoon," said McDermot, the captain of artillery. Every man in the garrison had killed at least one of Pango Dooni's men, and every man of them was known from the Kimar Gate to the Neck of Baroob, where Pango Dooni lived and ruled. The Colonel was not to be moved. "I'd ride the ninety miles myself, if my place weren't here--no, don't think I doubt you, for I know you all! But consider the nest of murderers that'll be let loose here when the Dakoon dies. Better a strong robber with a strong robber's honour to perch there in the Palace, than Boonda Broke and his cut-throats--" "Honour--honour?--Pango Dooni!" broke out McDermot the gunner scornfully. "I know the man," said the Governor gruffly; "I know the man, I tell you, and I'd take his word for ten thousand pounds, or a thousand head of cattle. Is there any of you will ride to the Neck of Baroob for me? For one it must be, and no more--we can spare scarce that, God knows!" he added sadly. "The women and children--" "I will go," said a voice behind them all; and Cumner's Son stepped forward. "I will go, if I may ride the big sorrel from the Dakoon's stud." The Colonel swung round in his chair and stared mutely at the lad. He was only eighteen years old, but of good stature, well-knit, and straight as a sapling. Seeing that no one answered him, but sat and stared incredulously, he laughed a little, frankly and boyishly. "The kris of Boonda Broke is for the hearts of every one of us," said he. "He may throw it soon--to-night--to-morrow. No man can leave here--all are needed; but a boy can ride; he is light in the saddle, and he may pass where a man would be caught in a rain of bullets. I have ridden the sorrel of the Dakoon often; he has pressed it on me; I will go to the master of his stud, and I will ride to the Neck of Baroob." "No, no," said one after the other, getting to his feet, "I will go." The Governor waved them down. "The lad is right," said he, and he looked him closely and proudly in the eyes. "By the mercy of God, you shall ride the ride," said he. "Once when Pango Dooni was in the city, in disguise, aye, even in the Garden of the Dakoon, the night of the Dance of the Yellow Fire, I myself helped him to escape, for I stand for a fearless robber before a cowardly saint." His grey moustache and eyebrows bristled with energy as he added: "The lad shall go. He shall carry in his breast the bracelet with the red stone that Pango Dooni gave me. On the stone is written the countersign that all hillsmen heed, and the tribe-call I know also." "The danger--the danger--and the lad so young!" said McDermot; but yet his eyes rested lovingly on the boy. The Colonel threw up his head in anger. "If I, his father, can let him go, why should you prate like women? The lad is my son, and he shall win his spurs--and more, and more, maybe," he added. He took from his pocket Pango Dooni's gift and gave it to the lad, and three times he whispered in his ear the tribe-call and the countersign that he might know them. The lad repeated them three times, and, with his finger, traced the countersign upon the stone. That night he rode silently out of the Dakoon's palace yard by a quiet gateway, and came, by a roundabout, to a point near the Residency. He halted under a flame-tree, and a man came out of the darkness and laid a hand upon his knee. "Ride straight and swift from the Kimar Gate. Pause by the Koongat Bridge an hour, rest three hours at the Bar of Balmud, and pause again where the roof of the Brown Hermit drums to the sorrel's hoofs. Ride for the sake of the women and children and for your own honour. Ride like a Cumner, lad." The last sound of the sorrel's hoofs upon the red dust beat in the Colonel's ears all night long, as he sat waiting for news from the Palace, the sentinels walking up and down, the orderly at the door, and Boonda Broke plotting in the town. II. "REST AT THE KOONGAT BRIDGE AN HOUR" There was no moon, and but few stars were shining. When Cumner's Son first set out from Mandakan he could scarcely see at all, and he kept his way through the native villages more by instinct than by sight. As time passed he saw more clearly; he could make out the figures of natives lying under trees or rising from their mats to note the flying horseman. Lights flickered here and there in the houses and by the roadside. A late traveller turned a cake in the ashes or stirred some rice in a calabash; an anxious mother put some sandalwood on the coals and added incense, that the gods might be good to the ailing child on the mat; and thrice, at forges in the village, he saw the smith languidly beating iron into shape, while dark figures sat on the floor near by, and smoked and murmured to each other. These last showed alertness at the sound of the flying sorrel's hoofs, and all at once a tall, keen-eyed horseman sprang to the broad doorway and strained his eyes into the night after Cumner's Son. He waited a few moments; then, as if with a sudden thought, he ran to a horse tethered near by and vaulted into the saddle. At a word his chestnut mare got away with telling stride in pursuit of the unknown rider, passing up the Gap of Mandakan like a ghost. Cumner's Son had a start by about half a mile, but Tang-a-Dahit rode a mare that had once belonged to Pango Dooni, and Pango Dooni had got her from Colonel Cumner the night he escaped from Mandakan. For this mare the hill-chief had returned no gift save the gold bracelet which Cumner's Son now carried in his belt. The mare leaned low on her bit, and travelled like a thirsty hound to water, the sorrel tugged at the snaffle, and went like a bullmoose hurrying to his herd, "That long low gallop that can tire The hounds' deep hate or hunter's fire." The pace was with the sorrel. Cumner's Son had not looked behind after the first few miles, for then he had given up thought that he might be followed. He sat in his saddle like a plainsman; he listened like a hillsman; he endured like an Arab water-carrier. There was not an ounce of useless flesh on his body, and every limb, bone, and sinew had been stretched and hardened by riding with the Dakoon's horsemen, by travelling through the jungle for the tiger and the panther, by throwing the kris with Boonda Broke, fencing with McDermot, and by sabre practice with red-headed Sergeant Doolan in the barracks by the Residency Square. After twenty miles' ride
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-diaphragmatic position (i.e., below the diaphragm) in the ventral cavity, rather than at a supra-diaphragmatic position as taught by the ""396 application. The stimulating electrical signal is preferably applied to the vagus two to three inches below the diaphragm, and may be applied either synchronously or asynchronously to both the right and left branches, preferably in the form of a series of pulses applied intermittently to both branches according to a predetermined on/off duty cycle. The intermittent application is preferably chronic, rather than acute. However, continuous application or acute application by bilateral stimulation of the right and left vagi or unilateral stimulation of either branch, at the sub-diaphragmatic position, is also contemplated. The sub-diaphragmatic application of VNS may have an enhanced effect in inducing satiety in the patient, being in closer proximity to the stomach itself. Certainly, in the case of neurostimulator device implantation superficially in the abdominal region of the patient, the sub-diaphragmatic application has an advantage of enabling shorter leads for the nerve electrode(s). Additionally, application of the neurostimulator may be more easily accomplished with this approach as opposed to a supra-diaphragmatic approach which requires accessing the vagi in the chest cavity. Acute application of the stimulating electrical signal to the right and left vagi during a customary mealtime, or from a short time preceding and/or following the mealtime, according to the patient""s circadian cycle, may be effective in certain cases. Automatic delivery of bilateral intermittent stimulation is preferred, but it is alternatively possible to control application of the stimulating electrical signal to the right and left vagi by an external commencement signal produced by the patient""s placement of an external magnet, or by another patient-applied signal, in proximity to the location of the implanted device. Preferably, the same stimulating electrical signal is applied to both the right and left vagi, but as an alternative, a stimulating electrical signal might be applied to the right vagus which is different from the stimulating electrical signal applied to the left vagus. And although two separate nerve stimulator generators may be implanted for stimulating the left and right vagi, respectively, as an alternative a single nerve stimulator generator may be implanted for bilateral stimulation if the same signal is to be applied to both the left and right branches of the vagus nerve, whether delivered synchronously or asynchronously to the vagi. As with the method disclosed in the ""396 application, the current magnitude of the stimulating signal is programmed to be less than about 6 mA, and in any case is held below the retching level of the patient as determined by the implanting physician at the time the implant procedure is performed, or shortly thereafter. This is important to avoid patient nausea during periods of vagus nerve stimulation. Preferably, the pulse width is set to a value not exceeding about 500 xcexcs, the pulse repetition frequency is set at about 20-30 Hertz (Hz), the VNS regimen follows alternating periods of stimulation and no stimulation, with the second period about 1.8 times the length of the first period in the alternating sequence (i.e., the on/off duty cycle is 1:1.8). The apparatus of the present invention for treating obese patients suffering from eating disorders includes an implanted neurostimulator for simultaneously stimulating left and right branches of the patient""s vagus nerve via separate lead/electrodes operatively coupled to the neurostimulator and implanted on the right and left vagi in a sub-diaphragmatic position, the stimulation being applied continuously during a first period, alternating with no stimulation during a second period, throughout the prescribed duration of the stimulation regimen. Accordingly, it is a principal objective of the present invention to provide methods and apparatus for treating and controlling the overeating disorder, especially in obese patients, by means of bilateral electrical stimulation of the patient""s right and left vagi at a sub-diaphragmatic location. Another aim of the invention is to provide methods of treating and controlling compulsive overeating and obesity by bilateral intermittent electrical pulse stimulation of right and left vagi at a sub-diaphragmatic position in the patient. Alternative techniques include indirect stimulation of the vagus, either bilaterally or unilaterally, at a location near one or both branches of the nerve or elsewhere, which has the effect of stimulating the vagus nerve as well. This may be accomplished through afferents or efferents, for example. It is also contemplated that direct or indirect unilateral or bilateral stimulation applied at or by way of a sub-diaphragmatic location of one or more of the other cranial nerves of suitable sensory, motor or mixed fiber types may be effective in treating compulsive overeating disorder, as an alternative to vagus nerve stimulation. Some differences may be observed from stimulator to stimulator in magnitude of current in the pulses of the stimulation signal, and may be attributable to things such as patient impedance, variation of the vagus nerve from right to left or between patients, and variation in contact between the vagus and the electrode implanted thereon from implant to implant. According to other aspects of treatment by stimulation of the vagus or other suitable cranial nerve in the vicinity of the patient""s diaphragm, beneficial weight reduction is aided by increased activity attributable to release of norepinephrine, serotonin or other mechanisms, increased metabolism and change in gastric motility. This therapy may also have beneficial effect in treatment of other disorders such as type II diabetes, high blood pressure and orthopedic problems which typically co-exist with compulsive overeating disorder and obesity.(-217 + 235 - (0 + 10)) + -16? -8 9 + 17 + -47 + 1 -20 -13 - -9 - 8 - (6 + -44) 26 Calculate 19 + -3 + -8 - (-3 + 0). 11 (-12 - -27) + -15 - (5 - 4) -1 48 + -52 + 2 + (3 - -8) 9 (-13 - (9 + -28)) + -24 + -4 -22 What is -3 + (9 - ((18 - -1) + -6) - -6)? -1 Evaluate (-8 - (-2 + 10 + (0 - 18))) + 6. 8 Evaluate -63 + 57 - (-24 - -26 - (0 - 0)). -8 What is (18 - 15 - (-12 - -29)) + (1 - -11)? -2 Calculate 1025 - 1008 - (0 + -2 + 35). -16 What is the value of -38 + -2 + 63 + -30? -7 Calculate -17 + 12 + (19 - 14). 0 23 - ((-17 - -20) + 3) 17 Calculate -7 + (1 - -8) + (-11 - -5 - -2). -2 Calculate (-5 - (-1 + -9)) + 3 + (0 - -5). 13 What is (20 - 2 - (-2 + 3 - 6)) + -4? 19 What is (8 - (23 + -19)) + -21? -17 Evaluate (1 - (10 + 2)) + (36 - (-25 + 43)). 7 Evaluate (54 + -42 - (31 - -4)) + 8 + -2. -17 What is the value of 9 + (4 + -22 - -11)? 2 Calculate -10 + (33 - 13) + -19 - -10. 1 Calculate (-32 - -14) + 1 - -2. -15 What is 24 - (-10 - -15 - -9)? 10 What is 0 + 1 + -2 - (835 - 842)? 6 What is the value of (-17 - (11 - 17)) + 2 + (1 - 4)? -12 Calculate (-21 + 26 - 28) + -2 + 13. -12 Calculate 5 - (17 + -10 + -7). 5 18 + -31 + (13 - 29) -29 Calculate (-36 - -32) + -4 + 19. 11 Evaluate -3 - (-6 + -5 - -21 - -12). -25 Calculate -6 + -2 + (29 - 13) - 5. 3 Evaluate 5 - (114 + -112 + (-3 - 1)). 7 Evaluate (-1 + -2 - -10) + (17 - 4). 20 Evaluate -2 + -1 + 2 + (1075 - 1093). -19 Evaluate -405 - -350 - (2 - 34). -23 Evaluate (-1 - (-30 + (23 - 10))) + 8. 24 What is -1 - (-1 + -1) - (-9 + -1)? 11 Calculate 95 + -46 - 17 - (0 + 11). 21 What is 7 - ((3 - (9 - -6)) + -6 + 9)? 16 -11 - (-11 + -7) - (0 - -12) -5 Calculate (-2 - -2 - -4 - (41 - 35)) + 16. 14 -5 + (0 - (1 - 4) - -2) - -5 5 Evaluate 4 + (-5 - (-19 + (7 - -1))). 10 Calculate -3 - (0 + 1 + 12 + -33). 17 What is -20 - (19 - 20 - 6)? -13 Calculate -4 + (52 + -19 - 26).
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fathom line could never touch the ground, And pluck up drowned honour by the locks, So he that doth redeem her thence might wear Without corrival all her dignities. I, 3, 201 Says Falstaff: Can honour set to a leg? no: or an arm? no: or take away the grief of a wound? no. Honour hath no skill in surgery, then? no. What is honour? a word; what is in that word honour? what is that honour? air. A trim reckoning! Who hath it? he that died o' Wednesday. Doth he feel it? no. Doth he hear it? no. 'Tis insensible then? yea, to the dead. But will it not live with the living? no. Why? detraction will not suffer it, therefore I'll none of it, honour is a mere scutcheon, and so ends my catechism. V, 1, 131 Hotspur is killed, dying with bitterness on his lips: But thoughts the slaves of life, and life time's fool, and Hal, his conqueror, speaks for him a bitter epitaph: When that this body did contain a spirit, A kingdom for it was too small a bound, But now two paces of the vilest earth Is room enough. V, 5, 89 But Falstaff, having politicly saved his own life by counterfeiting death, survives to take up Hotspur's body and drag it ingloriously from the field; a sour conclusion, which we must suppose Shakespeare fully intended. He has given us life, at its fullest and most red-blooded, and he gives us death like a sudden blow between the eyes. He gives us all the panoply of war, but he is not finding much to commend the spurious glamour of battle. We shall miss the play's meaning if we lose ourselves among the banners. As we have seen, in the following play, PART II, he turns entirely away from war to follow Falstaff; and in HENRY V he cannot go back to his fighting scenes until he has disposed of the figure who might so easily make them seem ridiculous and pitiful. So Falstaff, too, must die, Shakespeare's loving tenderness for the broken old rascal flowing through every word of Mrs. Quickly's description of his passing: He's in Arthur's bosom, if ever a man went to Arthur's bosom. A' made a finer end, and went away an it had been any Christom child: a' parted e'en just between twelve and one, e'en at the turning of the tide: for after I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers, and smile upon his fingers' ends, I knew there was no way but one; for his nose was as sharp as a pen and a' babbled of green fields. "How now, Sir John?" quoth I: "what, man? be o' good cheer:" so a' cried out, "God, God, God!" three or four times: now I, to comfort him, bid him a' should not think of God; I hop'd there was no need to trouble himself with any such thoughts yet; so a' bad me lay more clothes on his feet: I put my hand into the bed, and felt them, and they were as cold as any stone: then I felt his knees, and they were as cold as any stone, and so upward and upward, and all was as cold as any stone. II, 3, 11 No wonder we have a hard time, after this, in working up an interest in the men of war. There remains one play, isolated in historical position, which was written before Shakespeare started on the HENRY IV'S; he had already turned from his single-character focus, and he had not yet arrived at the superb triple-protagonist achievement which was to follow. KING JOHN, therefore, presents some special difficulties, and its merits have been theatrically subject to undeserved neglect. It shares, with the other plays which have dropped out of stage use, the lack of any focal point. It is significant that both KING JOHN and RICHARD II were revived, after lengthy periods of oblivion, on the English stage around the turn of the last century by Sir Herbert Tree; but while RICHARD has held its own ever since, KING JOHN has once more practically disappeared, despite a fine revival by Robert Mantell in New York shortly afterward. For King John himself falls, so to speak, between two Richards. He is a "villain," but an uncertain one, liable to panic when the tide turns against him; he is a weak monarch, but there is little we can discern of the man behind the façade. From the beginning he seems to have a fever in his veins; he grasps at the stronger wills of his mother and his illegitimate brother, Faulconbridge. He can rant with the best of Shakespeare's early reciting monarchs, but these tirades, though richer, are not more revealing than theirs. Shakespeare is still clinging to something of the pageant method. But his doubts about the dramatic potency of the war theme are stronger. He had begged the question in RICHARD II. Through John's mouth he voices disillusion: There is no sure foundation built on blood, No certain life achiev'd by others' death. V, 2, 104 In two scenes, John comes fully alive: first in the devious fascination he exercises over the blunt-minded Hubert in order to incite him to the murder of young Arthur; when he suddenly breaks the oily, inferential speech he has so far used with the single command, "Death," the effect is as startling as a flash of forked lightning from a heavy sky. But, like the Thane of Cawdor, "nothing in his life became him like the leaving it." It is a great death scene. The fever rages through his veins, the poison he has eaten brings him to a tortured, writhing, ugly end: There is so hot a summer in my bosom, That all my bowels crumble up to dust: I am a scribbled form drawn with a pen Upon a parchment, and against this fire Do I shrink up . . . And none of you will bid the winter come To thrust his icy fingers in my maw; Nor let my kingdom's rivers take their course Through my burn'd bosom; nor entreat the north To make his bleak winds kiss my parched lips And comfort me with cold. I do not ask you much, I beg cold comfort; and you are so strait And so ingrateful, you deny me that. V, 7, 30 Here is fine material for an actor, but still we have no pattern for a play. Shakespeare seems curiously ill at ease. Perhaps it is that he is being forced to adapt and telescope an old play, THE TROUBLESOME REIGN OF KING JOHN, without his heart in the work. He does not transform his material with his usual freedom. Perhaps he has grown weary of the old iteration of defiance and lament, without as yet discerning the way of freedom which Falstaff, and even the "little men" of HENRY V, were to bring him. The play looks backward, with its high, heroic, overembroidered verse; with the verbose peerage; and with the character of Constance, another Margaret, with a mellower tone and some strain of moving nobility, but an equal tendency to dull our ears and hearts with repetition of her griefs. It looks forward with the character of Faulconbridge, who has independence, humor, stature, and a dimension all his own. He steps out of the play like a flesh-and-blood actor from a puppet stage; he interprets to us and for us; he is most particularly ours. Falstaff would know him; their minds would meet. Hotspur would know him by the flash of his sword, and the resounding clarion of his concluding lines: This England never did nor never shall Lie at the proud foot of a conqueror, But when it first did help to wound itself. Now these her princes are come home again, Come the three corners of the world in arms, And we shall shock them. Nought shall make us rue, If England to itself do rest but true. V, 7, 112 KING JOHN is one of the plays which should be revived; there is a turbid power in it. It is also one of the plays which, as the theater stands today, could only repay revival as part of a repertoire, perhaps then only "on Saturday nights," proverbially reserved by the old actor-managers for the plays which could never draw an audience on a Monday. There are half a dozen other plays like it. They are too dangerous a gamble for the commercial manager of today; and we have succeeded in evolving no substitute for him, no answer to the question of how to be daring yet solvent. There is an audience for KING JOHN, but not one which will repay us an investment of $35,000; it will therefore probably remain unproduced for many years to come. Something seems to be wrong somewhere. # 9. The Comedies
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RCT **Reports of colorectal cancer** Bastiaannet et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref019]\] Eindhoven Cancer Registry Cohort of 4481 patients with cancer 3305 users, 1176 non-users, F-U N.A. 114 CRC deaths in users, 610 deaths in non-users Most appear to have had aspirin, not other NSAIDs **9** Bains et al \[[@pone.0152402.ref020]\] Cancer Registry of Norway Cohort of 25644 patients with cancer 6109 users, Non users N.A. 1172 CRC deaths in users, 6356 CRC deaths in non-users, 2088 total deaths in users, 7595 total deaths in non-users Conference presentation **7** Cardwell et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref021]\] UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink Nested case-control in a cohort of 4794 patients with cancer Numbers N.A. Mean F-U 7.2 years 395 CRC deaths in users, 1164 deaths in non-users, 700 total deaths in users, 1514 total deaths in non-users **9** Chan et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref008]\] US Nurses and Health Professionals Cohorts Cohort of patients with cancer 549 users, 730 non-users. Median F-U 11.8 years 81 CRC deaths in users, 141 CRC deaths in non-users, 193 total deaths in users, 287 total deaths in non-users Varied dose of aspirin judged by frequency **8** Coghill et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref022]\] Seattle Cancer Family Register Cohort of patients with cancer 234 users, 293 non-users. Mean F-U 8 years 37 events in users, 72 events in non-users **9** Din et al \[[@pone.0152402.ref023]\] Series of cases of cancer Case-control selected patients from a trial cohort 354 users, 526 non-users. F-U 1 years 125 deaths in users, 761 in non-users NSAIDS, but data for aspirin given **6** Domingo et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref024]\] Series of patients Cohort study 125 users, 771 non-users. F-U N.A. 22 deaths in users, 174 in non-users Incidence and all-cause mortality in relation to PIK3CA state **8** Fuchs et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref025]\] Series of patients Cohort study 72 users, 830 users. Mean F-U 2.4 years Numbers of deaths N.A. **5** Goh et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref026]\] Series of patients Cohort study 92 users, 634 non-users. F-U 'long term' 21 CRC deaths in users, 160 CRC deaths in non-users **9** Liao et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref027]\] Nurses HS and Health Professionals Cohorts Selected cohort of patients 337 users, 627 non-users. Mean F-U 5 years 68 CRC deaths in users, 122 CRC deaths in non-users **7** McCowan et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref028]\] Database of residents Cohort of selected new patients 1340 users, 1650 non-users, F-U 11 years 420 CRC deaths in users, 601 CRC deaths in non-users, 897 total deaths in users, 1101 total deaths in non-users **9** Ng et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref029]\] Series of patients Cohort study 75 users, 725 non-users. F-U 5 years 19 CRC recurrence in users, 21, CRC recurrence in non-users., 14 total deaths in users, 146 total deaths in non-users **7** Reimers et al \[[@pone.0152402.ref030]\] Cohort of study of cancer patients 178 users, 784 non-users. F-U N.A. 68 deaths in users, 380 deaths in non-users HLA class 1 antigen groups amalgamated **9** Sun et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref031]\] US Nurses and Health Professionals cohorts cohort of selected cancer patients 931 subjects. Other details N.A. F-U 28 years 931 incident cases. Detailed numbers N.A. **3** Walker et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref032]\] UK GP Research Database Cohort of selected patients 476 users, 10141 non-users. Median F-U 1.7 years 192 total deaths in users, 3910 total deaths in non-users **9** Zanders et al \[[@pone.0152402.ref033]\] Eindhoven Cancer Registry Cohort of selected patients with diabetes 490 users, 156 non-users. F-U 1.5 years Numbers N.A. Diabetic patients **9** **Reports of breast cancer** Barron et al \[[@pone.0152402.ref034]\] Ireland National Cancer Registry Cohort of 12507 patients with cancer 764users, 4540 non-users. F-U 7.4 years 50 breast cancer deaths in users, 311 breast cancer deaths in non-users, 311 total deaths in users, 459 total deaths in non-users **7** Blair et al \[[@pone.0152402.ref035]\] Iowa Women's Health Study Cohort of 591 women with cancer 472 users, 120 non-users, F-U 15 years 26 breast cancer deaths in users, 22 breast cancer deaths in non-users, 57 total deaths in users, 44 total deaths in non-users **8** Bowers et al \[[@pone.0152402.ref036]\] A Centre for Cancer Care Cohort of 440 women with cancer 159 users, 281 non-users. F-U N.A. Number of deaths not available NSAIDs. 81% were aspirin **7** Cronon-Fenton \[[@pone.0152402.ref037]\] Population based cohort in Denmark Cohort study of 34188 patients Median F-U 7.1 years Numbers N.A. Conference report **6** Frazer et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref038]\] Database of residents Cohort of 4627 women 1244 users, 3383 non-users. F-U 16 years 252 breast cancer deaths in users, 563 breast cancer deaths in non-users, 577 total cancer deaths in users, 1225 total cancer in non-users **8** Holmes et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref039]\] US Nurses Health Study Cohort of 4164 women Number of users N.A. 5521 non-users. F-U n.a. 109 breast cancer deaths in users, 56 breast cancer deaths in non-users **8** Holmes et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref040]\] National Cancer Registry Nested case-control within 27426 women 1661 users, 3322 non-users. F-U up to 5 years 395 breast cancer deaths in users, 750 breast cancer deaths in non-users **9** Kwan et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref041]\] Cohort of cancer patients Cohort of 2292 women Total 2292 women. Mean F-U 2.5 years 41 recurrent cancers in users, 209 recurrent cancers in non-users NSAIDs **8** Murray et al. \[[@pone.0152402.ref042
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},\gamma_{1}) + {{\mathsf d}}(\gamma_{1},\eta^{1}_{1}).$$ Now consider the constant speed reparametrization $\hat \gamma$ of $\gamma$ restricted to $[1/2, 1]$. With no violation of essentially non-branching, it could happen that $\hat \gamma$ admits also a different extension through $z$, that is there exists a geodesic $\eta^{2} \neq \eta^{1}$ again such that $\eta^{2}_{0} =z$ and $${{\mathsf d}}(\hat \gamma_{0},\eta_{1}^{2}) = {{\mathsf d}}(\hat \gamma_{0},\hat \gamma_{1}) + {{\mathsf d}}(\hat \gamma_{1},\eta^{2}_{1}).$$ Clearly also $\eta^{1}$ is a good extension of $\hat \gamma$. Since $z$ is a point of local inversion, we know that the local (multivalued) inverting map sends sets of positive $\mu$-measure to sets of positive $\mu$-measure. It may be the case that it sends $\hat \gamma_{0}$ to $\eta^{2}_{1}$ but $\gamma_{0}$ is forced to be moved to a point belonging to $\eta^{1}$, if for istance $${{\mathsf d}}(\gamma_{0}, \eta^{2}_{1}) > {{\mathsf d}}(\gamma_{0},z) + {{\mathsf d}}(z,\eta^{2}_{1}).$$ In this situation no information can be obtained from the existence of the local inversion plan.\ Notice that the non-branching assumption indeed forces $\eta^{1}$ to coincide with $\eta^{2}$. Stability --------- Only for this section the reference measures will be assumed to be a probability measure.\ We consider a sequence of pointed metric measures spaces $(X_{k}, {{\mathsf d}}_{k}, \mu_{k}, \bar{x}_k)$ with $\mu_{k}$ *almost uniform* reference measure for $(X_{k},{{\mathsf d}}_{k})$. We will show that if $(X_{k}, {{\mathsf d}}_{k}, \mu_{k}, \bar{x}_k)$ converges to $(X, {{\mathsf d}}, \mu, \bar{x})$ in the pointed measured Gromov-Hausdorff topology, then $\mu$ is an *almost uniform* reference measure for $(X,{{\mathsf d}})$. \[D:uniform\] Let $(X,{{\mathsf d}},\mu)$ be a m.m.s. with $\mu\in \mathcal{P}(X)$ reference measure for $(X,{{\mathsf d}})$. - We say that $\mu$ is an *almost uniform* reference measure provided that for $\mu$-a.e. $z \in X$ there exist a constant $C_z>0$ and an inversion plan $\pi^{z}$ satisfying $$\label{eq:defUni} (P_{2})_{\sharp} \pi^{z} \leq C_z \; \mu.$$ - We say that $\mu$ is a *uniform* reference measure provided that there exists a constant $C>0$ such that for $\mu$-a.e. $z \in X$ there exists an inversion plan $\pi^{z}$ satisfying with $C_z \equiv C$. Let us briefly recall the notion of pointed measured Gromov-Hausdorff convergence. A map $f : (X,{{\mathsf d}}_{X}) \to (Y,{{\mathsf d}}_{Y})$ between metric spaces is an $\varepsilon$-isometry if and only if: - it almost preserves distances: for all $z,w \in X$, $$| {{\mathsf d}}_{X}(z,w) - {{\mathsf d}}_{Y}(f(z),f(w))| \leq {\varepsilon};$$ - it is almost surjective: $$\forall \, y \in Y, \ \ \exists \, x \in X \;\text{ such that} \quad {{\mathsf d}}_{Y}(f(x),y) \leq {\varepsilon}.$$ The following is a well-known notion of convergence that we will use for pointed m.m.s.. \[D:mGH\] Let $(X_{k}, {{\mathsf d}}_{k}, \mu_{k},\bar x_{k}), (X, {{\mathsf d}}, \mu, \bar x)$ be pointed m.m.s. with $\mu_{k} \in \mathcal{P}(X_{k})$, for all $k\in {\mathbb{N}}$, and $\mu \in \mathcal{P}(X)$. We say that $(X_{k}, {{\mathsf d}}_{k}, \mu_{k},\bar x_{k}) \to (X, {{\mathsf d}}, \mu, \bar x)$ in the *pointed measured Gromov-Hausdorff* topology, ($pmGH$ for short) provided there exist sequences $R_{k} \to + \infty$ and $\varepsilon_{k} \to 0$ and Borel maps $f_{k}: X_{k} \to X$ so that - $f_{k}(\bar x_{k}) = \bar x$; - $\sup\left\{ |{{\mathsf d}}_{k}(x,y) - {{\mathsf d}}(f_{k}(x), f_{k}(y) )| \, : \, x,y \in B_{R_{k}}(\bar x_{k}) \right\} \leq \varepsilon_{k}$; - the $\varepsilon_{k}$-neighborhood of $f_{k}\left( B_{R_{k}}(x_{k}) \right)$ contains $B_{R_{k}-\varepsilon_{k}}(\bar x)$; - the sequence of probability measures $(f_{k})_{\sharp} \, \mu_{k}$ converges to $\mu$ narrowly; i.e calling $C_b(X)$ the space of bounded continuous functions on $X$ it holds $$\lim_{k \to \infty} \int_{X} \varphi \, d \left[ (f_{k})_{\sharp} \, \mu_{k}\right] = \int_{X} \varphi \, d \mu, \qquad \forall \varphi \in C_b(X).$$ In Definition \[D:mGH\] one can consider also sequences of pointed m.m.s. with measures not necessarily of total mass one. In the case of measures with possibly infinite total mass, i.e. Radon measures, one asks the weak convergence of $iv)$ to hold for any $f \in C_{b}(X)$ with bounded support. We can state the stability result. Recall that during this section we will always assume all the metric measure spaces to be geodesic, proper, complete and separable. \[T:stability\] Let $(X_{k}, {{\mathsf d}}_{k}, \mu_{k},\bar x_{k})$ be a sequence of pointed m.m.s. which converges in $pmGH$-sense to a limit pointed m.m.s. $(X,{{\mathsf d}},\mu, \bar x)$. Assume that, for infinitely $k$, $\mu_k$ is an almost uniform reference measure for $X_k$ and that for $\mu$-a.e. $z \in X$ there exists a sequence $\{z_k\}_{k \in {\mathbb{N}}}$ with $z_k \in X_k$, such that $$\label{eq:HpStability} {{\mathsf d}}(z, f_{k}(z_{k})) \to 0 \quad \text{and} \quad \liminf_{k \in {\mathbb{N}}} C_{z_k} < \infty.$$ Then $\mu$ is an almost uniform reference measure for $(X,{{\mathsf d}})$. Let $z \in {\text{\rm spt}}(\mu)$ be as in the assumption and consider a sequence of points $z_{k} \in X_{k}$ so that ${{\mathsf d}}(z, f_{k}(z_{k})) \to 0$ and, for infinintely many $k$’s, $z_k$ are inversion points for $\mu_k$.\ Up to extracting a suitable subsequence, for each $k\in {\mathbb{N}}$ we can consider the inversion plan $\pi^{k} \in \mathcal{P}(X_{k}\times X_{k})$ around $z_{k}$; moreover, by assumption, there exists $C=C_z$ such that $$(P_{1})_{\sharp}\, \pi^{k} = \mu_{k}, \qquad (P_{2})_{\sharp}\, \pi^{k} \leq C \mu_{k}, \qquad {\text{\rm spt}}(\pi^{k}) \subset H_{k}(z_{k}).$$ It is natural to consider the push-forward of the inversion plan via the $\varepsilon_{k}$-isometries as follows: $$\eta^{k} : = (f_{k},f_{k})_{\sharp}\, \pi^{k} \in \mathcal{P}(X \times X).$$ Since by assumption $(f_k)_\sharp \mu_k \to \mu$, it follows that both $(P_1)_\sharp \eta_k= (f_k)_\sharp \mu_k$ and $(P_2)_\sharp \eta_k \leq C \cdot (f_k)_\sharp \mu_k$ are tight. This in turn implies that $\eta_k \in \mathcal{P}(X \times
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Carol Duncan next year for more radio plays. Local playwright Nathan Finger wrote a play involving one man, one brothel and trying to pay for something money can't buy. Actors Gus Wyllie and Sydney Abba brought those words to life for 1233 listeners and "House of Dreams" was born.Q: async Function call to Parent Component I have this const Parent = () => { [modalOpen, setModal] = React.useState(false); return <Child open={modalOpen} closeModal={() => setModal(false)} functionFromParent={() => console.log('Logged')} /> } and that const Child = ({ functionFromStore, functionFromParent, closeModal }) => { async function foo() { try { await ...; functionFromStore(); functionFromParent(); } catch (error) { .... } } const bar = () => { foo(); closeModal(); } return <div style={{backgroundColor: 'hotpink', width: '10rem', height: '10rem' }} onClick={() => bar()}/> } component. <Parent /> decides if the <Child /> (it is a Modal) shown or not. <Child /> has three functions, closeModal() and functionFromParent(), coming from the <Parent/ >. And functionFromStore() coming from redux through dispatchToProps(). For the sake of simplicity I left all the connect(stateToProps, dispatchToProps)(...) stuff out. But lets assume <Child /> is directly connected to the store. Clicking on the <div /> in <Child/> executes bar(). That causes <Child /> to unmount, because closeModal() in the <Parent /> is called, closing the modal. However, bar() also calls foo(), being a async function. When the await is resolved, the functionFromStore() is called, but not the functionFromParent(). I wonder why is that? Why is a function coming from the store called, even when the component (<Child />) is unmounted, but not the function coming from the parent? Further, is there a way to call functionFromParent(), even when <Child /> is unmounted? Somehow it works with functionFromStore(), is there a way to make it work with functionFromParent()? A: I cannot reproduce the behavior you describe but it's probably a closure problem as you're setting the state multiple times but have a stale state value in the closure of your handlers You can solve it by passing a callback to the state setter: setSomeState(currentState=>({...currentState,changes})), here is a full example: function Parent() { const [state, setState] = React.useState({ showModal: true, showFoo: false, }); return ( <div> {state.showModal ? ( <Child open={state.showModal} closeModal={() => setState(state => ({ ...state, showModal: false, })) } functionFromParent={() => setState(state => ({ ...state, showFoo: true, })) } /> ) : ( 'Child is gone ' )} {state.showFoo ? <Foo /> : 'no foo'} </div> ); } function Child({ functionFromParent, closeModal }) { function foo() { setTimeout(() => { functionFromParent(); }, 1000); } const bar = () => { foo(); closeModal(); }; return <button onClick={bar}>click me</button>; } function Foo() { return 'hi, I am Foo'; } ReactDOM.render( <Parent />, document.getElementById('root') ); <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.8.4/umd/react.production.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.8.4/umd/react-dom.production.min.js"></script> <div id="root"></div> NBC News Group President Andy Lack to Step Down NBC News Group President Andy Lack is stepping down, NBC announced Monday in a statement about a wide-ranging restructuring within the company. He is transitioning out of the company at the end of the month. NBC News president Noah Oppenheim, MSNBC president Phil Griffin and CNBC chairman Mark Hoffman will now report to Cesar Conde. The company’s news networks will be organized into a single unit and led by Conde, who assumes the new role of NBCUniversal News Group chairman. Conde comes from Telemundo. The news came at the same time it was announced Mark Lazarus will assume oversight of all of NBCUniversal’s entertainment TV operations as part of the same massive company-wide restructuring. Said NBCUniversal CEO Jeff Shell of Conde, “Cesar is a well-respected, strategic leader who has succeeded in multiple roles at NBCUniversal since joining the company in 2013. Most recently, Cesar has overseen unprecedented growth at Telemundo, which under his leadership has become the number one Spanish-language network, and through its news division has played a critical role in the expansion of news operations, breaking news coverage and trailblazing political reporting. Cesar’s valuable and relevant experience leading broadcast networks and news divisions, combined with his high degree of integrity and proven management skills, make him the right person to lead our news group into the future.” Conde and Lazarus will report directly to Shell. The decision for Lack to step down came after a tumultuous few months for the executive. In October 2019, critics from across the media landscape called for Oppenheim and Lack to both be independently investigated over accusations that they muzzled Ronan Farrow’s story on accusations against Harvey Weinstein, while failing to address misconduct by their own employee, Matt Lauer. 7 Times Matt Lauer Came Under Fire, From Sexual Harassment Accusations to Ann Curry Ousting (Photos) Matt Lauer was terminated by NBC News on Wednesday after the company received a complaint of sexual harassment against him. But that's not the first time the longtime "Today" host found himself in hot water. Getty Images Rumors of extramarital affairs dogged Lauer during his tenure on "Today," with tabloid reports linking him to other members of the show, including Natalie Morales. In 2010, NBC News finally responded to the allegations, calling them "completely inaccurate and unfounded" and "reckless and harmful to the Lauer family." Getty Images Ann Curry was ousted from "Today" in 2012 as the show was losing ground to ABC's "Good Morning America," and after she issued a tearful on-air goodbye Lauer was widely viewed as the reason for her departure. New York Magazine later reported that the two had a tense off-camera relationship, and though Curry took the fall, Lauer was more to blame for the show's declining viewership. NBC In 2012, Lauer was criticized for asking Anne Hathaway about an upskirt photo taken at the premiere of "Les Miserables" and attempting to make a joke of the situation by saying he'd "seen a lot of you lately." Hathaway was praised for how she handled the situation, gently shutting down the line of questioning by saying it was unfortunate that the culture "commodifies sexuality of unwilling participants." Getty Images In 2006, Lauer's wife Annette Roque filed for divorce, alleging that she suffered "cruel and inhumane" treatment at the hands of her controlling husband. The two eventually reconciled and Roque, who was pregnant at the time, withdrew the paperwork, but the documents were obtained and published by the National Enquirer in 2014. Getty Images Lauer's former co-anchor Katie Couric joked about his behavior in a 2012 interview with Andy Cohen. "He pinches me on the ass a lot," she said, calling it Lauer's most annoying habit. Video of the interview, which was handled jokingly at the time, was recirculated following his termination for a sexual misconduct allegation. Getty Images Lauer moderated a pair of NBC News town halls during the 2016 presidential election, which were widely slammed for the way he questioned the two candidates. Lauer repeatedly asked Hillary Clinton about her email server and rushed past other, more concrete policy issues. Meanwhile, he was perceived to have gone much softer on Donald Trump, failing to press the then-nominee on repeated falsehoods. Getty Images Lauer was finally axed by NBC News and removed from "Today" in 2017, after the company received a "detailed complaint" from a colleague accusing him of inappropriate sexual behavior. Getty Images 1 of 8 Morning show host was axed following a sexual misconduct allegation by an
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in the first place.How Xi wields this power will have a profound effect on China’s future, and the early signs of his intentions have been strange, to say the least. At a gathering to celebrate what would have been the 120th birthday of Zhou Enlai, the first premier of the People’s Republic of China, Xi gave a long and effusive speech, during which he praised Zhou as a model of Chinese virtue. (When the speech was over, Premier Li Keqiang – whose power Xi has methodically curtailed in the last five years – praised Xi’s leadership of the CPC into the future.) This stands in stark contrast to the speech Xi delivered in 2013 on what would have been Mao Zedong’s 120th birthday. In so many words, Xi said Mao was a human being like any other who should be held accountable just as much for his failures as for his successes.On the one hand, Xi is raising the possibility that he might become the first Chinese leader since Mao to govern China as dictator-for-life. On the other hand, Xi has gone out of his way to criticize Mao and praise Zhou, Mao’s closest and most loyal comrade, who, despite his service and devotion, was purged from power for trying to curb Mao’s excesses. Like I said, strange to say the least. A Man Like Mao Mao was a leader of world-historical importance, but it’s perfectly reasonable for Xi to point out his failures. There are many such failures to choose from, including ignoring his military commanders during the Korean War and the brutal purges of the Cultural Revolution. But none of Mao’s missteps were more destructive or more representative of his leadership style than the Great Leap Forward, Mao’s ambitious plan to vault China into the top industrial powers of the world. The Great Leap Forward failed for many reasons, but among the most important was that provincial Chinese bureaucrats were so terrified of Mao’s retribution that they falsified the data they gave the CPC. Seeing only what he was provided, Mao thought China was becoming stronger when in fact it was falling deeper into disrepair. By the time he got wise to reality, more than 45 million were dead. The irony is that the paranoia and ambition that led to mistakes such as the Great Leap Forward were also responsible for Mao’s overall success. Mao believed that China could be free and strong only if it abandoned its past. He blamed China’s weakness in part on Chinese culture, and he sought to obliterate that culture and to replace it with a new resilient spirit of Chinese nationalism. Mao distrusted China’s vast bureaucracy because it had collaborated with foreign invaders, only to realize upon coming to power that China was too vast to rule without a bureaucracy. This led to a never-ending cycle of chaos, whereby Mao would carry out wide-ranging purges even if it meant rendering policy initiatives ineffective because China was more important than any single policy initiative. By the end of Mao’s rule, China was in chaos, but China was also independent and united.The price China had paid for its sovereignty was extremely expensive. After Mao died, presidential term limits were instituted in 1982 in China as part of a broader effort to prevent men like Mao from coming to power ever again. The CPC still admires Mao, but the party line is that 70 percent of what he did was right and 30 percent was wrong – a remarkable party line in a country where political dissent is so carefully regulated. The CPC saw that a man like Mao, necessary as he was to unite China under the rule of one government, could not make China a world-class power. In fact, at a certain point, a man like Mao only prevented China from reaching its true potential. Mao’s successor, Deng Xiaoping, himself purged by Mao three different times, knew firsthand how destructive Mao’s leadership style was, and it was Deng who decided that the most important thing he could give China was a model for a peaceful and orderly transition of power to a younger generation. In place of these men now stands Xi, who is erasing Deng’s model as he claims the throne of the Middle Kingdom.Xi is not Mao, and his praise of Zhou is meant to make sure the Chinese people know it. Mao ruled by chaos; Xi rules with orderliness. Mao destroyed the bureaucracy; Xi is molding it to serve his purposes. Mao purged friends and foes alike; Xi purges only his foes. Mao was a fervent communist; Xi is a communist in name only, who in the same breath speaks of Lenin and of supply-side reform. Mao was the son of a wealthy farmer. Xi is a “princeling” whose father was purged during the Cultural Revolution. Indeed, no one knows the depredations and bloodletting that Mao oversaw better than Xi, who had a front row seat for all of it. A Different Turn And yet, despite Xi’s intimate experience with tyranny’s discontents, he has deemed it necessary to tear down the safeguards erected to prevent a man like him from seizing power comparable to Mao’s. The fact that Xi is compelled to praise Zhou, who tried to protect the Chinese people from Mao while still paying fealty to the Chairman, shows just how nervous Xi is. Xi is not claiming the mantle of power because he is a power-hungry megalomaniac but because he believes that China is in just as precarious a situation today as it was in 1949, when no one knew if the republic would last more than a decade.Xi does not face the same challenges Mao did, of course. The country Mao conquered was a poor, abused, humiliated mass of people in the throes of civil war and governed by warlords. Forging the republic out of such a country required a man with Mao’s unique virtues and vices. The country Xi leads is proud and more united than China has been in centuries. Xi’s China is a major power, boasting the world’s second-largest economy and a rapidly improving military. But it is also a country rife with corruption and inequality. If Xi is to redistribute wealth to the 350 million people still living on less than five dollars a day, the government-by-consensus model that has governed China will not be enough. Xi needs to show those who stand in his way that he will crush them if they don’t bend the knee.China is about to embark on a period of intense internal change, albeit a different kind of change than Mao wrought. Xi will aim to create the legitimacy of change not with revolution but with national pride. And nothing is more generative of national pride than powerful enemies abroad. It is not a coincidence that as Xi claims more and more power for himself, China is engaging in provocative behavior in the South and East China Seas, is attempting to upend the U.S. security alliance in Asia, and is presenting the One Belt, One Road initiative as a way to return China to its rightful place at the center of the world. China’s peaceful rise is over – its confrontation with the world is beginning. Xi will use that confrontation to justify the excesses he will have to oversee if the PRC is to survive his presidency.In his speech about Zhou, Xi said that, were he able to speak with Zhou, he would tell him “the Chinese nation that experienced great hardships for a long time since the start of modern times has ushered in a great leap from standing up and getting prosperous to becoming strong.” Mao propped China up. Deng made China prosperous. Xi means to make China strong, and he means to do so in his own way. Mao turned on the Chinese people. Xi will turn the Chinese people on the world. If you know the other and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. Sun Tzu We are travelers on a cosmic journey, stardust, swirling and dancing in the eddies and whirlpools of infinity. Life is eternal. We have stopped for a moment to encounter each other, to meet, to love, to share.This is a precious moment. It is a little parenthesis in eternity.Storage Wars (season 4) The fourth season of the reality television show, Storage Wars aired on A&E from April 16, 2013 to July 2, 2013. It consisted of 22 episodes, beginning with the episode "Auctioning for Dummies" and ending with the episode "Super Bros. Shuffle". Following the departure of Dave Hester, numerous buyers were featured this season as there was no permanent personality for the fourth featured buyer spot. All of the episodes this season were filmed at various self-storage facilities throughout Southern California, including Mini-U Storage, Storage Outlet and Extra Storage. Episode overview {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" |- ! style="width:10%; background:#61B329; color:#fff;"|No. inseries ! style="width:10%; background:#61B329; color:#fff;"|No. inseason ! style="width:40%; background:#61B329; color:#fff;"|Title ! style="width:20%; background:#61B329; color:#fff;"|Location ! style="width:20%; background:#61B329; color:#fff;"|Original air date ! style="width:10%; background:#61B329; color:#fff;"|U.S. viewers(millions) |- |} Episode statistics Although revealed at the end of the episode, the totals are not always
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name “Iran” alone may lead many in the West to imagine an enraged mob on the streets of Tehran, chanting scary slogans about America, Britain, or Israel. But this is an out of date view of a changing country. Recently, Britain reopened it’s embassy in Tehran, and with it an announcement came that “Iran is safe for travel” (with the exception of border areas, particularly with Iraq and Pakistan). I couldn’t help but smile when reading that Iran is even set to be a “destination” for the upcoming 2016 year on some travel lists. I smile because I traveled there in May 2010. I had gone to find out for myself exactly what Iran was like — despite all the poor coverage at the time — and to speak with people who had lived through the widely-reported protests of the previous year. I used Couchsurfing to arrange host families all over the country, then armed with a notebook and camera, I took the train from Istanbul to Tehran. I did not find a chanting mob on each street corner, primed to tear me limb from limb. Instead, over the course of a month, I sought out encounters with people of vastly different backgrounds and beliefs, none of whom said they felt animosity towards western people. On one end, I met the highest-ranking Shi’ite cleric of the city of Tabriz, after he sent a translator to my train compartment to “request an audience” with me. He was the archetypal Iranian fundamentalist to look at — turban, gigantic frame, and bushy beard — yet he had nothing but a warm welcome for me, curiosity about where I was from and questions about what brought me to Iran. To this day I have his home address and telephone number, should I ever need it. At the other end of the spectrum, I met scores of good-humored university students who took me under their wing, spoke candidly about their lives and showed me a wonderful time taking tea, laughing on patios under the late afternoon sun, eating dolma or kebab. Here’s a glimpse into one of the best months of my life, in Iran – a place I felt welcomed, safe, cared for, and befriended. 1 Azerbaijan Province, Northwest Iran: The wild open steppe of Iran’s West Azerbaijan Province met my eyes from the train after crossing over the border with Turkey. I steadied myself against the window frame and drank in the view. In a country many assume (wrongly) to be all desert, the variety of scenery is staggering. There are ski resorts, forested mountain ranges, and beach resorts in the Persian Gulf. 2 Entrance to a mosque in Kerman, Southeast Iran From its northwest corner to its south-east, Iran possesses a bounty of beautiful Islamic architecture. I found that I was able to move unhindered in and out of these grand buildings, taking unobtrusive pictures and interacting with visitors. 3 Carved reliefs, Persepolis At Persepolis, the ancient capital of the Achaemenid Empire, frieze carvings depict offerings being brought before Cyrus the Great by tributary states. This was the first Persian Empire, which began in 550 BC. In Iran, I genuinely got the sense of a strong culture that had developed over thousands of years. Some social concepts, such as Taarof, were alien to me.Taarof is a mind-bending ritualized system of hospitality and etiquette. One element involves when things are offered; they should not be accepted immediately. They should instead be refused at least three times. If it is still offered, the offer can be deemed genuine. By refusing, the person offering has the chance to appear generous, even if they have nothing to give. I did my best to employ Taarof, such as when a man in a neighborhood shop told me that my big bag of groceries was free. I tried ten times to press money into his hands, going well beyond Taarof’s call of duty, but each time he refused. To him, I was a guest in his country. Under Khaju Bridge, Esfahan To have been to Esfahan is to have seen half of the world, or so the old Persian proverb goes. The shady arches beneath Khaju Bridge make for the ideal venue to escape from the baking midday sun - if you’re male and aged over forty-five, it would seem. There’s no escaping the fact that Iran is a male-orientated society, where places such as traditional tea houses are male-only. I saw plenty of underground cafes, restaurants and shisha smoking joints where young people of the opposite sex mixed freely, however. 5 Iranian Navy sailors in Park-e Laleh, Tehran “Do you like Iranian girls?” I hadn’t been in the country for long when I met these two sailors, so I was unsure how to answer their question. What was proper? I decided to play it safe by saying “I like all girls." They found this to be an acceptable answer. 6 Backstreets of Karaj, Tehran’s sister city My Iranian friends. Maryam (far right) and Iman (second from right) wanted to get married and move into their own place, but money just wouldn’t allow it for the time being. They were both working long hours in Tehran to make ends meet, but living in Karaj – a city 20km to the west of Tehran. Iman worked as an English teacher at a private university. I was an English teacher too, so one day I took over his lesson unannounced. His students couldn’t believe it; a real-life English person. I received so many invitations to their homes that I couldn’t possibly accept them all. 7 Kerman Bazaar, Southeast Iran A fruit and vegetable seller shouts about his tomatoes in Kerman Bazaar. Mentioning that I was traveling to Kerman drew negative reactions from Iranians. Its proximity to the border with Afghanistan’s Kandahar province means the area has a darker association. Drugs. In Afghanistan, the hump of a live camel is sliced open, hollowed out, filled up with opium and stitched back together. It’s then sent packing across the desert border in the direction of Kerman, where it’s hoped that it will be intercepted by the next link in the chain and not the army. From what I gathered, I was likely to expire at the sweaty hands of an addict. In reality, Kerman was where I felt safest out of anywhere in Iran, because I was taken into the warm embrace of a family home. An engineer named Ali and his relatives were supposed to host me for three days, but I ended up staying for eight. A random act of kindness in Kerman A random act of kindness occurs in Kerman Bazaar, as money changes hands between women. As a solo male traveler, I couldn’t get to know a lot of the women I met very well. Societal norms don’t allow for it. One woman I did spend a great deal of time with though was Mama Sara. Mother of Ali - she was the old lady of the family that hosted me in Kerman. For eight days, she treated me like a member of her family, tried to set me up with eligible brides, caused me to gain weight by feeding me non-stop, and cried her eyes out when it was time for me to leave. 9 Shopkeeper at Esfahan Bazaar, Esfahan Hanif, a salesman in Esfahan bazaar, let me lounge around in his shop while I waited for my Couchsurfing host to show up. We talked about how seemingly different our lives were over glasses of strong black tea. I was single and had a backpack by my side containing my worldly belongings, whereas he had a wife, two children and a business. We could hardly believe that we were both twenty-four. And yet, over a cup of tea, it felt like we weren't that different after all. 10 Soldier in Park-e Shahr, Tehran / Man playing a pipe, Esfahan Locals are often open to having their picture taken, but they appreciated being asked for permission to be sought beforehand (as people generally do, everywhere). I employed extra caution when photographing women there, and was careful of what buildings I pointed my lens at - these are touchier subjects when it comes to a camera. 11 View of Khaju Bridge, Esfahan Khaju Bridge was built around the year 1650 by Persian king Shah Abbas II. It has been described by art experts as the pinnacle of Persian bridge architecture. While the twenty-four arches underneath are used by older men to sit, sleep and talk the day away, the steps on the river are popular for another reason - youthful interactions. Steps of Khaju Bridge, Esfahan The steps on the river are the preferred spot in town for local young people to meet for a date without being disturbed. The Iranian government’s interpretation of Sharia law means that unmarried members of the opposite sex should not be seen out together in public. The bridge provides the advantage of being able to see who’s coming in each direction. Many years before the Islamic Revolution of 1979, the Shah of Iran would have sat on this balcony overlooking Naqsh-e Jahan Square to watch polo matches. These days, once the sun starts to set
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Interrupts Frankly, for something like this (i.e., just get rid of infinite blocking) I would try hard to stay away from interrupts unless you have extreme timing needs. Interrupts make it complicated, fast, you may not have enough of them anyway, and it will boil down to quite similar code anyways, as you don't want to do much more inside the interrupt except set some flags. Opposite effects of alpha 1- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation on both glutamate- and gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated spontaneous transmission in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The effects of adrenergic receptor stimulation on spontaneous synaptic transmission were investigated in cultured rat hippocampal neurons by recording spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC and sIPSC). Noradrenaline (NA) inhibited sEPSC in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximal effect at 10 microM. The alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-selective agonists cirazoline and clonidine induced an inhibition of sEPSC appearance, whereas the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol elicited an increase. The inhibitory effect of NA was reversed by alpha(1)-adrenoceptor blockade. The participation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(B)-receptor stimulation in the inhibitory effect of NA was further examined. GABA(B)-receptor stimulation with baclofen induced a strong inhibition of bursting activity, which was fully reversed by the GABA(B) antagonist CGP 55845. By itself, CGP 55845 exerted a stimulatory effect on sEPSC frequency. In the presence of CGP 55845, the inhibitory effects of cirazoline and clonidine were maintained. NA (1, 10, and 100 microM) and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists decreased miniature EPSC and IPSC occurrence, whereas beta-adrenergic stimulation increased it. In 50% of the cells examined, NA (1, 10 microM) had a stimulatory effect on sIPSC, whereas, in the remaining 50% of cells, NA (1, 10 microM) had an inhibitory effect. In all the cells, 100 microM NA induced an inhibition of sIPSC. The inhibitory effect of NA was due to alpha(1)-receptor stimulation, whereas the excitatory effect was due to beta-receptor stimulation. In cultured hippocampal neurons, spontaneous excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions are both similarly altered by adrenoceptor stimulation. However, in a subset of cells, low concentrations of NA mediate an increase of sIPSC via beta-adrenoceptor activation.Tricuspid valve endocarditis in a non-drug addict associated with peliosis hepatis. A 31-year-old woman was admitted because of persistent remittent fever. Tricuspid valve endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus was identified as the cause of fever. The patient had no history of intravenous drug abuse, oral contraceptives or predisposing cardiac disease. Huge hepatomegaly was found without any signs of congestive heart failure. Liver enzyme abnormalities were not detected throughout the entire course of therapy. The liver biopsy specimen revealed peliosis hepatis. Treatment with panipenem/betamipron was successful, although recurrent septic pulmonary embolism occurred. The cause of the huge hepatomegaly encountered in the present case may be attributable to peliosis due to severe infection.9th and 9th, Salt Lake City 9th and 9th is a small retail and residential neighborhood in Salt Lake City, Utah located two blocks east of Liberty Park. The area gets its name from the intersection of 900 South and 900 East. The neighborhood is host to the annual 9th and 9th Street Festival. 2007 Renovation During the summer of 2007, 9th and 9th received sidewalk and street improvements. Kinetic sculpture art displays inspired by the nine Muses of Greek mythology were installed on all four corners of the intersection. The sculptures were created by Troy Pillow. The building on the northwest corner has recently been remodeled. 9th and 9th Street Festival The 9th and 9th Street Festival is an event held for neighbors and is run annually by a group of neighbor volunteers. The festival typically hosts 100–150 booths made up of artists and varied vendors each year, and runs in September. References Category:Neighborhoods in Salt Lake City Category:Outdoor sculptures in Utah Category:2007 sculpturesSpecific immunodiagnosis of hepatoma by tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay and a modified method of repeated tube leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assays were performed with normal liver extract as nonspecific antigen and with hepatoma extract as specific antigen in patients with hepatoma. Titration experiments revealed that the optimal extract concentration was 400 micrograms/ml when expressing the results in terms of a nonadherence index. The results of tube LAI assays were positive in 26 of 40 cases (65%) of hepatoma. The results were negative in all cases of other liver diseases and other cancers. The tube LAI assay was repeated after discarding the non-adherent cells in the initial tube LAI assay with normal liver extract. The nonadherence index of the repeated tube LAI assay we devised was significantly higher than that of the original tube LAI assay (p less than 0.001) in patients with hepatoma. Ten of 12 patients with hepatoma in whom the results of the original tube LAI assay were negative showed positive results in the repeated tube LAI assay. The present study suggests that the problem of false-negative results in tube LAI assay can be solved by repeating the tube LAI assay.I have never understood the mass paranoia over laptop webcams — which have in-use indicator lights, which I’ve seen no evidence can be circumvented on Macs from the last decade — and the complete lack of similar paranoia over microphones, which cannot be blocked by a piece of tape and which have no in-use indicator lights. And I don’t see anyone taping over the cameras on their phones. Gruber commented on Joanna Stern’s column for the Wall Street Journal; a very good article, which has the merits of existing and giving precise, documented answers to this question. But indeed, the whole piece is feeding the paranoia over laptop webcams. If I had to chose a way to be hacked, between what my open laptop webcam sees, what is displayed on my screen, what the microphone can hear, what words (and passwords) I type on the keyboard, and what websites I visit, I would chose the laptop webcam. I see more people with a piece of tape on their webcam than using a password manager. I see more people using fishy Chrome extensions with too much access than I see people using a proper 2-factor authentication or keep their devices updated. In the end it is about feeling safer, and hardware’s sense of security (locks on the door, blinds on the windows, piece of tape on the webcam) is much easier to control than software’s (a complex and unique password for each app, encrypted messaging, 2-factor authentication, etc.) Why those basic things are not more often taught in schools is beyond me.Água Viva Água Viva may refer to: Água Viva (album), a 1978 album by Gal Costa Água Viva (telenovela), a 1980 Brazilian telenovela Água Viva, a novel by Clarice LispectorThe Methods Core will play a critical role in supporting Center-wide scientific objectives through collaboration and contributions of UW-Madison, Penn State, and University of Washington investigators with methodological and statistical expertise. Specific aims include: Specific Aim 1: To perform data analysis and to provide consultation on measurement and data analysis for all Center projects. The proposed Center grant will support the three main research projects as well as pilot projects. Methods Core investigators will provide specialized methodological and statistical expertise in support of these various projects including consultation on study design, assessment, recruitment and retention of participants, intervention delivery, data collection, and data analysis. Specific Aim 2: To provide methodological and statistical support for junior investigators. Methods Core investigators will provide assistance to junior investigators in terms of study design, methods, power analysis, and data analysis. In addition, assistance will be provided to junior investigators in preparing methods sections for funding applications and articles to submit to peer-review journals. Specific Aim 3: To manage a centralized database of all Center data. The three main research projects will generate a considerable amount of data that will need to be efficiently and securely collected and stored. Investigators and staff at the UW-Madison Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention (UWCTRI) will establish and maintain a secure centralized database of all Center data and will be responsible for preparing data for data analysis. Specific Aim 4: To arrange and provide education and training on methodological and statistical topics for the entire Center. Methodology Core investigators and staff will organize and conduct workshops, provide individual mentorship, and use other mechanisms to provide education and training for Center grant staff on methodological and statistical topics relevant to Center-related studies and activities.State issues fresh rules for auto, taxi permits The state government on Tuesday issued fresh rules and regulations for issuing new permits to auto rickshaw and taxi drivers. In a government resolution issued on Tuesday, the government said fresh permit seekers need to have a valid licence and badge from the Regional Transport Office (RTO), and they need to obtain a character certificate from the local police station, showing that they have a clean criminal record. The GR also states that applicants for auto and taxi permits should file an affidavit stating that he or she is not employed with any government or semi-government organization, private company or any organized sector organisation
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The effects that these treatments have on the physical and energetic systems of the body will in turn benefit you emotionally and spiritually. The way this plan fits with your lifestyle is much the same. It maximizes your energy, improves physical performance, increases endurance, reduces risk of injury from repetitive stress or wear and tear, and helps healing of physical and structural problems. This plan will help to recharge your adrenal glands, nervous system, and endocrine system by restoring your vital life force, or Qi. The endocrine and nervous system are like our batteries. This may give you the extra oomph to push beyond normal activities. Prolonged travel, working overtime, commuting, and stress may drain you and your life force and add additional stress to your physical body. These therapies will help you to restore and regenerate so that you are not running on empty. The part of our nervous system known as the autonomic is responsible for all the automatic functions of our body such as digestion, immunity, breathing, heart activity, circulation, and much more. This "autonomic nervous system" has two particular divisions or modes of operation: 1. Parasympathetic mode, aka "rest and digest." In this mode we are able to rest, relax, restore, and regenerate. 2. Sympathetic mode, aka "fight or flight." In this mode we are energized, focused, concentrating, and ready to deal with stress. The treatments I recommend specifically affect the nervous system and allow your body to go into the parasympathetic or "rest and digest" mode. Modern life has most of us in sympathetic overload and we are in this state of "fight or flight" for prolonged periods of time due to constant stress, unhealthy relationships, excess work, overbooked schedules, and so on. If you don't take an equal or greater amount of time to rest and regenerate, then over time your batteries will wear down. I like to use the metaphor of a car. You can have a car that is moving, stopped at the light but the engine is still running, or turned off. If the car turns off you can fill the tank with gas and recharge the batteries. Most of our nervous systems are like the car that is driving or the one that is at the light but the engine is running. We are never turning "off." This in turn will cause the adrenal glands, endocrine system, and nervous system to wear down, since you cannot charge the batteries and fill up your tanks with gas. This syndrome is also known as "wired and tired." It can manifest as fatigue, anxiety, insomnia, overwhelm, irritability, depression, and other stress-related symptoms. If you push the envelope and live life to the fullest, you're likely in this category. In fact, 70 percent of my non-rock-star clients operate in the "wired-and-tired" category: moms, business executives, students, workaholics, and fun-aholics. Most people who fall out of a natural rhythm of work and activity followed by rest and repair will end up depleted if this continues long enough. The treatments in this section help to facilitate your nervous and endocrine systems to go into that rest, recharge, regenerate, and repair mode. This enables and equips you to handle the extra stress of your RxStar lifestyle. Incorporate these treatments into your life regularly for the best results. This is ideal because maintenance and prevention are the best insurance policy. At the very least, use these therapies when you are feeling depleted and burned out to help you get back in the game and repair. While some may resonate with you more than others, it is great to try them all at some time on your healing adventure! ### 1. Chiropractic Manipulation—Realign Your Spine and Structure Spinal realignment provides a foundation for bodywork techniques and a platform for physical activities and exercise. Aligning your spine and skeleton improves the function of your muscles and nervous, circulatory, and lymphatic systems. It may also improve organ function related to certain neurological regions. Chiropractic emphasizes how the structure of the body and spinal alignment affect the function of other systems. Your initial session will include an orthopedic and neurological assessment with postural analysis of your musculoskeletal system. The practice places emphasis on the functional integrity of the body and how it correlates with the other aspects of health. Your doctor will apply manual manipulation to the spine and extremities to realign structure, promote physical functions, and stimulate the nervous and vascular systems. Stretching and muscle balancing techniques help maintain the alignment longer. These include massage, physical therapy, yoga, and strength training. Not surprisingly, along with massage, chiropractic is the most popular backstage support. In fact, chiropractors and massage therapists are typically the first to travel with bands because they're the most useful supporters of this lifestyle and heal the things that cause the spine to go out of alignment, cause back pain, and create stress on the body. Although you may not be performing in front of tens of thousands of screaming fans or stage-diving off a boardroom table, you may experience similar wear and tear from daily repetitive activities, like computer use or carrying a heavy bag on your shoulder. ### The RxStar Remedy Rx: • **INJURIES** : 1–3 times per week until acute phase is over • **MAINTENANCE** : 1 time per week or monthly, depending on activity • **A BUDGET-FRIENDLY OPTION** : stay aligned with yoga and stretching and supplemental visits at the clinics of chiropractic schools ### 2. Massage and Bodywork—Relax Your Muscles Massage and soft tissue therapies relieve muscle spasms and stress, increase circulation of blood and lymph, improve muscle and skin tone, detoxify tissues, and promote overall well-being. Many of the varieties and styles can help you stay relaxed and stress-free, but they can also be used to treat pain or a specific injury. I typically recommend Swedish massage, deep tissue massage, acupressure, shiatsu, Thai massage, or Tui Na. My clients never complain when I recommend massage or bodywork, and it is by far the most popular backstage treatment at concerts and music festivals. The RxStar Remedy Rx: • **INJURIES** : 1 time per week • **MAINTENANCE** : 1 time per month • **A BUDGET-FRIENDLY OPTION** : rather than luxury spas, visit massage schools or Chinese acupressure salons in larger cities ### 3. Reflexology—Relieve Your Feet This is not your ordinary foot rub. Reflexology is a deep-pressure-point massage of the feet and hands that stimulates reflexes associated with different organ systems. An entire map of your body can be laid out in just your hands and feet. This map shows the correlation between the reflex points and other parts of your body. Reflexology helps stimulate organ function, relaxes your feet and entire body, reduces stress, and clears your mind. This is a perfect treatment for people who wear high heels or platform shoes, especially if they're on their feet all day. I would often be doing reflexology treatments on tour buses between different cities as this is an easy and effective treatment to do, with no tables or oils necessary. The RxStar Remedy Rx: • **TRY AT LEAST ONCE** • **1 TIME PER MONTH WOULD BE HEAVENLY!** • **A BUDGET-FRIENDLY OPTION** : massage schools or DIY reflexology. Many books and online references include guides on performing basic techniques at home. ### 4. Rolfing—Restructure Your Fascia Also known as "structural integration technique," Rolfing is a form of bodywork that releases and manipulates the fascia, which is the connective tissue surrounding muscles, bones, and organs. It has a reputation for being very painful but in recent years the methods have become more tolerable and enjoyable. Rolfing is excellent for people with postural problems such as scoliosis, hunchback, and swayback. I frequently recommend Rolfing for people with injuries in which the scar tissue has started to create problems with joint mobility and flexibility such as "frozen shoulder syndrome" and "whiplash." But certainly, if you are not happy with your posture, you travel frequently, or you find yourself slouching over your desk or computer, then a Rolfing series may be just the right thing to change the entire way you carry yourself. It's something I suggest to nearly all of my rock star clients, who often experience structural problems from bending over instruments and slouching in plane and bus seats for hours on end. The RxStar Remedy Rx: • **SERIES OF 10 SESSIONS 1–3 WEEKS APART BASED ON THERAPIST RECOMMENDATION** ### 5. Cranial Sacral Therapy—Reset Your Nervous System Cranial sacral involves the gentle manipulation of the cranial bones of your head, cervical spine, and sacrum with the intent of aligning the autonomic nervous system and bringing you into the parasympathetic mode. This mode helps you relax, restore, regenerate, and rest. The technique works by releasing the tension of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, also known as the meninges. The meninges connect the nervous system and skeletal system and in turn improve the flow of cerebral spinal fluid, blood, and nerve energy. Based on very gentle touch, this therapy can be performed on anyone
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present invention relates to a chassis for a vehicle with variable undercarriage geometry which has a number of rollers and/or chain drives supported by support beams pivotally linked to a cross member of a vehicle body. Vehicles of this general type are known. They are used, for example, in buildings with narrow staircases, hallways or other narrow areas which have to be negotiated by a vehicle. The width of such a vehicle must therefore be limited but, since during certain operations the vehicle has to have good stability, the vehicle should be relatively wide. It would therefore be advantageous if such a vehicle would have a variable undercarriage geometry, that is, if it could have a narrow wheel track if the vehicle has to negotiate narrow passages such as hallways in buildings and a wide track during other operations when a larger width is required for good stability.Samsung Service Centers in Italy Targeted in Malware Campaign Security researchers have discovered ongoing malware campaigns targeting Samsung service centers in Italy, campaigns that appear to be the counterparts of attacks that have previously targeted similar electronics service centers in Russia this year. These malware campaigns are nothing out of the extraordinary, and the only thing that remains a mystery is their purpose and end goal. Mundane malware distribution effort The attacks usually start with the delivery of spoofed spear-phishing emails to Samsung Italy service center workers. The entire malware delivery system and exploit chain is described in a detailed report published by Italian cyber-security firm TG Soft and is near identical to the attacks targeting electronics service centers in Russia, as described in a previous Fortinet report. Both attack waves, targeting Italy and Russia, started at the end of March, according to the two reports. But while Russian service centers were targeted with the Imminent Monitor RAT, the attacks on Samsung Italy service centers also leveraged other RATs, such Netwire and njRAT. Both companies also noted that the spear-phishing emails are very well put together, and appear to have been written by a native in Italian and Russian, respectively. Nobody knows the purpose of these attacks But despite all the data gathered by TG Soft and Fortinet, the two companies have not been able to determine why the hackers are trying to infect electronics service centers, to begin with. Such service centers hold very little customer data that a threat actor could steal, and an attacker having many other more attractive companies he could target and gain more useful data from. One explanation may be that attackers are trying to taint the tools used in these service centers so that they could infect the repaired devices with malware. But this is only a theory, as no evidence has been unearthed to support this scenario, and this entire malware distribution campaign remains shrouded in a fog of mystery. Catalin Cimpanu is the Security News Editor for Bleeping Computer, where he covers topics such as malware, breaches, vulnerabilities, exploits, hacking news, the Dark Web, and a few more. Catalin previously covered Web & Security news for Softpedia between May 2015 and October 2016. The easiest way to reach Catalin is via his XMPP/Jabber address at [email protected]. For other contact methods, please visit Catalin's author page.Bacon County Hospital and Health System is located: My BCH Portal What is My BCH Portal? My BCH Portal gives patients secure, anytime access to their health information, including laboratory results, medications, allergies, demographic information, visit history, discharge/aftercare information, and more. In addition to handling their own care, parents and health care proxies with authorized consent will appreciate the ability to access the records of those individuals for whom they manage care. Bacon County Hospital and Health System encourages all of their patients to enroll in My BCH Portal, as it presents a valuable opportunity for patients and their families to actively participate in their care, which contributes to better health. This interactive web portal will empower patients and their families to take a more active role in their care by providing easy, secure access to their health information and online communication with Bacon County Hospital and Health System staff. IMPORTANT - If self enrollment is unsuccessful, it is most likely due to your email address not being on file in your medical record. Please see criteria under Frequently Asked Questions before choosing this option./* * Implicit return value of global code, eval code, and function code. * * The return value of a function unless it returns with an explicit * value is always 'undefined', see E5 Sections 11.2.3 and 13.2.1. * * The return value of a program (global code or eval code) is the * value of its last statement. A 'return' statement outside of a * function body is, in fact, a SyntaxError (E5 Section 12.9). * See E5 Sections 14, 15.1.2.1. */ /*=== 3 number undefined undefined 3 number ===*/ var t; t = eval("1+2"); print(t, typeof t); function f1(a,b) { a+b; } function f2(a,b) { return a+b; } t = f1(1,2); print(t, typeof t); t = f2(1,2); print(t, typeof t); Q: famo.us/js: bind dynamic data to click event for emitting data I'd like to bind click events to surfaces which I collected in an array. Everytime a click is fired, I'd like to emit a message. But every click should emit it's own data. I know I have a problem with the scope but I couldn't figure out how to solve it :( for(var i=0; i < clickableSurfaces.length; i++) { clickableSurfaces[i].on('click', function() { // output: undefined console.log(this.options[i]); // output: desired data console.log(this.options[0]); // emit data another view this._eventOutput.emit('foo', {data: this.options[i]}); }.bind(this)); } Somehow I have to get the i variable to work inside of .on(...) but binding it (.bind(this, i)) didn't work. Does anyone know how to solve it or could point me in the right direction? A: It might be easier to bind the data when you setup the listener. This way you are not worried about the index value of the object passed. for(var i=0; i < clickableSurfaces.length; i++) { clickableSurfaces[i].on('click', function(data, event) { // data = this.options[i] console.log(data); // emit data to another view // this = anotherView in this case this._eventOutput.emit('foo', {data: data}); }.bind(anotherView, this.options[i])); } anotherView.on('foo', function(event) { // event.data was emitted with the event console.log(event.data); }); Get all the latest news on coronavirus and more delivered daily to your inbox. Sign up here. Two of those who have tested positive for the coronavirus in the Illinois city of Aurora outside Chicago are the city’s mayor and top cop. Mayor Richard Irvin and Police Chief Kristen Ziman were tested March 21 after a police supervisor became infected with COVID-19, Fox 32 Chicago reported Friday. “While I’ve experienced some serious flu-like symptoms this week, I’m feeling much better and looking forward to making a full recovery,” Irvin said. NYPD CONFIRMS SECOND DEATH DUE TO CORONAVIRUS “I am imploring our community to stay at home,” he said. “The only way to beat this is by working together. It’s not easy, but it’s necessary.” Irvin last appeared in public March 20 when he held a news conference at City Hall. Ziman has been working from home under quarantine since being tested. Commanders who report to her have also been under self-quarantine. 152 DETROIT COPS IN CORONAVIRUS QUARANTINE, 5 TEST POSITIVE ”I am doing well and have continued working utilizing video and conference calling with our team at the Aurora Police Department and at the City every day to monitor the coronavirus pandemic and our department and city operations,” Ziman said. CLICK HERE FOR COMPLETE CORONAVIRUS COVERAGE There are 22 known coronavirus cases in Aurora and there has been one death. In Illinois, 3,026 have tested positive for the virus and there have been 34 deaths. A police officer is about to throw a tear gas canister as police try to disperse demonstrators who are protesting the shooting death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri over the weekend. One man sustained severe injures and seven protesters were taken into custody. EPA/ED ZURGA When the National Guard arrived in Oxford, in Little Rock, in Detroit, Los Angeles and New Orleans, its presence and the message that traveled with it was instantly clear. "Whether it
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to rob being armed. While the record does not establish that he overtly threatened the victim with the pistol, a jury could reasonably draw that inference from defendant's admission that he attempted to take money and used a pistol. In Young, the defendant pled guilty to assault with intent to rob being armed. Although he denied using the knife in his pocket or showing it to the victim, he admitted carrying a cane in his hand because he had sprained his left ankle. A jury could reasonably infer that the victim was menaced by the cane under the circumstances described by the defendant. In Harrell, the defendant pled guilty to second-degree murder. She admitted she had shot another woman with a gun. Under the circumstances described in her own recital, a jury could properly infer intent to kill from the fact that she shot the victim with a gun. A factual basis for acceptance of a plea exists if an inculpatory inference can reasonably be drawn by a jury from the facts admitted by the defendant even if an exculpatory inference could also be drawn and defendant asserts the latter is the correct inference. In Robinson, the defendant was charged with first-degree murder and pled guilty to second-degree murder. He admitted that in anger he set fire to a building which caused the death of two persons. *131 The court did not ask him if he intended to kill anyone when he set the fire. It is asserted that the record does not show the elements of malice and intent to kill. However, it is not necessary for a defendant pleading guilty to second-degree murder to admit that he acted with malice or intended to kill. A jury could properly infer intent to kill, even where the defendant disclaims such intent, from evidence that he intentionally set in motion a force likely to cause death or grievous bodily harm — here setting fire to a building. In Victor, the defendant pled guilty to felonious assault. He said he took a shotgun and "shot outside up in the air at the girl — well, up in the air. She thought that I shot at her but it was up in the air." A jury could have convicted the defendant of felonious assault on his appraisal of the victim's reaction to the shot. In Courtney, it is asserted that attempted uttering and publishing is not an offense. While a forged instrument is uttered when it is offered as genuine without regard to whether it is accepted (People v Caton, 25 Mich 388 [1872]), it does not follow that this crime cannot be attempted. A person intent on committing this crime might, for example, enter a bank with a forged instrument and be apprehended as he is withdrawing it from his wallet immediately before uttering it. Such conduct could constitute the crime of attempted uttering and publishing. People v Brandon, 46 Mich App 484; 208 NW2d 214 (1973), is disapproved. We also disapprove of the concurring opinion in People v Norris, 40 Mich App 45, 49; 198 NW2d 430 (1972), which states that attempt to possess a blackjack is not an offense. A person may commit the offense of attempted possession of a prohibited substance or thing. Simpson v United *132 States, 195 F2d 721 (CA 9, 1952); United States v Robles, 185 F Supp 82 (ND Cal, 1960); United States v Rosenson, 291 F Supp 874 (ED La, 1968); United States v Heng Awkak Roman, 356 F Supp 434 (SD NY, 1973). VIII NOLO CONTENDERE & FACTUAL BASIS & REASONS FOR NOT INTERROGATING DEFENDANT The rule continues (785.7[3][d]): "(d) Where a plea of nolo contendere is made the court shall not interrogate the defendant regarding his or her participation in the crime. However, the court may not accept a plea of nolo contendere unless there has been or the judge thereupon conducts a hearing establishing substantial support for a finding that the defendant is in fact guilty of the charged offense or the offense to which he is offering the plea of nolo contendere and unless the judge first states reasons for believing that the interests of the defendant and the proper administration of justice do not require interrogation of the defendant regarding his participation in the crime." In Pleasants, defendant went to trial on a charge of assault with intent to rob being armed. At the close of the people's case, he offered a plea of nolo contendere to that charge and a plea of guilty to a second charge of assault with intent to rob being armed, reduced from an original charge of armed robbery arising out of an unrelated incident. The plea-taking record demonstrates that, although both pleas were taken in one proceeding, the defendant was fully apprised of his rights and understood that by entering the pleas he was *133 waiving his constitutional right to a trial and the rights and incidents of a trial. The nolo plea was offered midway in the trial on the charge of assault with intent to rob being armed after the people's evidence had been presented. The requisite factual basis for the plea was established by admission without objection of that evidence. The judge failed, however, to "state reasons" for his conclusion that the interests of the defendant and the proper administration of justice did not require interrogation of the defendant regarding his participation in the crime as would have been necessary in a guilty plea: "[T]he court finds on the basis of the factual information that has been adduced at this hearing that substantial support has been established for finding that the defendant is in fact guilty of the offense to which the plea of nolo contendere is offered to wit, assault with intent to rob and steal being armed, and that neither the interests of the defendant nor the proper administration of justice require interrogation of the defendant regarding his participation in that crime." In requiring the judge to state reasons for accepting a nolo plea, the rule expresses this Court's preference for interrogation of the defendant by the judge and for reliance on his responses to establish a factual basis.[2] Since direct questioning *134 is not possible where the defendant offering a plea is unable or unwilling to admit his guilt or relate the details of the alleged criminal conduct, the rule requires that there be especial circumstances justifying departure from the norm of direct questioning of the defendant, as in a guilty plea, and acceptance of a plea of nolo contendere.[3] Among the justifying circumstances that have been suggested are (1) a reluctance on defendant's part to relate the details of a particularly sordid crime (e.g., sexual assault on a child); (2) the defendant's recollection of the facts may be unclear because he was intoxicated (People v Stoner, 23 Mich App 598, 608; 179 NW2d 217 [1970]) or he committed so many crimes of a like nature that he cannot differentiate one from another; and (3) because he wishes to minimize other repercussions, e.g., civil litigation. This enumeration is not meant to be exhaustive. In this case, the judge's conclusory statement was not a "reason" within the meaning of 785.7(3)(d) which would justify acceptance of a nolo plea and departure from the direct questioning method of establishing a factual basis as in a guilty plea. We, accordingly, remand this case to the trial court for supplementation of the record in that regard. If the judge is unable to state a reason, the *135 defendant's conviction shall be vacated and the case shall be set for trial. We do not wish to be understood as suggesting a view on the question whether on this record the trial court could properly state reasons for believing that the interests of the defendant and the proper administration of justice did not require interrogation of the defendant regarding his participation in the crime. IX McMiller In People v McMiller, 389 Mich 425, 434; 208 NW2d 451 (1973), we said: "[W]e hold that upon the acceptance of a plea of guilty, as a matter of policy, the state may not thereafter charge a higher offense arising out of the same transaction." We also said: "A prosecutor can protect himself against being forced to try a defendant on a lesser offense by calling the attention of the judge, before he accepts a plea of guilty, to any failure to comply with the prescribed procedure for taking such a plea." Trial judges and prosecutors have expressed concern about McMiller creating a costless "breaking of a plea bargain" and an unwarranted encouragement to appeal, a free ride as it were. Errorless plea taking is the primary responsibility of the trial judge. The oral arguments and colloquy with this Court in connection with the hearing of these cases indicated that as court *136 officers both the prosecutor and the defense attorney should share with the trial judge the responsibility for error-free plea taking. The prosecutor no less than the defense attorney should be alert to bring to the trial court's attention any errors of omission or commission. Trial courts should be ready and receptive to taking advantage of any such proper advice. The hearings indicated that some judges have discouraged prosecutors in performing this duty, while others welcome this help. It is to be hoped that all prosecutors and all judges will take advantage of this opportunity to improve the administration of justice. We have amended the rules to facilitate the prosecutor calling to the court's attention any error by adding the following subrule: 785.7(4) Additional Inquiries and Statements by the Court. Upon completing the colloquy with the defendant, the court shall, (a) ask the prosecutor and the defendant's lawyer whether the court has complied with subrules 785.7(1)-(3). If it appears to the court that it has failed to comply, the court shall do so. The prosecutor should be specific and clear in calling error to the court's attention. This will permit the court more readily to
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to 0.92. ![Fig. 1 (Left image) Pre-procedure angiography in Case 1. (Middle image) Direction 1. Crosser system (CS) over the second wire. (Right image) Direction 2. CS over the second wire.](avd-10-4-cr.17-00041-figure01){#figure1} ![Fig. 2 (Left image) Pre-procedure computed tomography (CT) of the right popliteal artery for Case 1. (Middle image) Pre-procedure angiography for Case 1. (Right image) Final angiography for Case 1.](avd-10-4-cr.17-00041-figure02){#figure2} Case 2 ------ A 73-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in October 2016 for the treatment of ischemic gangrene of the right foot with a Rutherford classification of R5. He had a history of end-stage kidney disease, coronary artery bypass grafting, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. ABI of the right foot was 0, and echocardiography of the right lower extremity revealed a high PSVR of 16 in the right CFA. The right foot was treated using a 6-Fr sheath (Destination 45 cm, Terumo Medical Corporation) via an ipsilateral approach. Pre-procedural angiography revealed subtotal occlusion with hard calcification in the CFA ([**Fig. 3**](#figure3){ref-type="fig"}). After the lesion was crossed with Agosal XS (St. Jude Medical) ([**Fig. 3**](#figure3){ref-type="fig"}), Treasure XS (St. Jude Medical) and CS (CROSSER, Medicon) were used in an attempt to cross the lumen or create a crack ([**Fig. 3**](#figure3){ref-type="fig"}). The direction of Treasure XS was repeatedly changed to create another lumen or crack with the CS. After employing the CS, as in Case 1, a 3.5-mm balloon (NSE PTA 3.5/20, Goodman, Nagoya, Japan) was advanced through the Agosal XS and inflated up to 10 atm for 60 s. Next, the 3.5-mm balloon was advanced through the Treasure XS and inflated up to 10 atm for 60 s. After deflating the 3.5-mm balloon, a 7-mm balloon (Sterling Monorail 7.0/20, Boston Scientific Japan, Tokyo, Japan) was advanced through the Agosal XS and inflated up to 14 atm for 120 s. CFA was evaluated via angiography and IVUS/catheterization, which revealed no major dissection or bleeding in the CFA ([**Fig. 3**](#figure3){ref-type="fig"}), with a significant improvement in blood flow and pulsation. The ABI had also improved to 1.07. ![Fig. 3 (**A**) Pre-procedure computed tomography (CT) of the common femoral artery for Case 2. (**B**) Pre-procedure angiography for Case 2. (**C**) Crosser system over the second wire. (**D**) Final angiography for Case 2.](avd-10-4-cr.17-00041-figure03){#figure3} Discussion ========== Here, we described two cases in which we treated NSZs such as CFA and PA with an original technique using the CS. This technique was used to treat 18 cases (CFA, 7 cases; PA, 11) from April 2016 to March 2017. There was no procedure-related bleeding, hematoma, or death. Procedures for treating severe stenosis or occlusions in severely calcified NSZs include PTA, atherectomy; PTA; and provisional stenting for failed atherectomy, with or without PTA. However, both PTA and stent implantation in the CFA can result in recurring restenosis. A previous study reported that 12% of lesions resulted in restenosis with a median follow-up of 11 months.^[@R1])^ However, a study by de Blic et al.^[@R1])^ included only one patient with a severely calcified lesion in CFA. Thus, it is expected that PTA, or stent implantation, for a severely calcified lesion in CFA will result in a worsened patency. A previous study reported an 88.8% primary patency rate of CFA at 16 months after endarterectomy,^[@R4])^ whereas another study reported that atherectomy was not superior to angioplasty for blockage of the PA at approximately 12 months.^[@R2])^ However, few reports have focused on severely calcified lesions in NSZs such as CFA and PA. Thus, it is unclear whether endarterectomy results in acceptable outcomes for severely calcified occlusive lesions of the CFA or PA. In Japan, devices for endarterectomy, such as the Silver Hawk (Foxhollow Technologies, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA), Turbo Hawk (Medtronic-Covidien, Dublin, Ireland), Jetstream PV (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA), and Rotablator system (Boston Scientific), are unavailable. Consequently, peripheral artery lesions with severe calcification are treated with the CS at our institution. CS, a chronic total occlusion crossing device, is a unique system that was designed to achieve intraluminal penetration across long occlusions.^[@R5])^ The CS creates high-frequency vibrations propagated by a stainless steel tip that facilitates the penetration of hard or calcified lesions. The PATRIOT study, in which the proportion of severely or moderately calcified lesions was 75%, showed a high probability of recanalization for guidewire-resistant chronic total occlusions (CTO) with the CS.^[@R6])^ Crossing using the CS creates a 1.1-mm lumen in the severely calcified lesion. PTA of the lumen with a scoring or high-pressure balloon alone is inadequate to create a sufficient lumen in the calcified lesion. Therefore, another 0.014-inch wire, with a tip weight of 10 g or greater, is bent at an angle of 45° at 5 mm from the tip. The CS is then used via a second 0.014-inch wire to make some slits around the lumen of the first wire. However, this technique for severely calcified lesions has some disadvantages and problems. First, the CS occasionally gets stuck in the severely calcified lesion because its tip may break. Consequently, the tip must be used gently and gradually advanced. Moreover, the CS is used for a maximum of 30 s at a time, as described above. Second, it is possible for the CS to penetrate the vascular wall. Thus, when advancing it, the distance between the tip and the target vessel wall in the 45° right and left anterior oblique views should be checked. Third, this technique needs at least penetration of one 0.014-inch wire for use of a scoring balloon. Complete penetration is not always needed for the 2nd 0.014-inch guidewire because the minimum purpose of the 2nd wire with the CS is creating several cracks around the 1st wire that has passed lumen. A scoring balloon is usually employed for PTA after making some slits around the lumen of the first wire. Because scoring balloons, such as NSE and Scoreflex, can produce a cleaner crack than that produced by compliant or non-compliant balloons, the diameter of the scoring balloon should be based on the vessel diameter, as assessed by pre-procedural ultrasonography. The availability of the scoring balloon to improve acute luminal gain in the calcified lesions has been reported.^[@R7])^ However, the contribution of a simple scoring balloon to the patency rate for lesions in the NSZs with a high calcification burden still remains controversial. Schillinger et al. showed that treatment with a scoring balloon achieved a higher primary patency rate than that with a conventional balloon for superficial and popliteal arteries.^[@R8])^ On the contrary, Canaud et al. reported the 1-year primary patency rate to be 64.4%.^[@R9])^ Soga et al. showed that the scoring balloon effect was significantly higher than that of a conventional balloon in lesions with a calcification circumference severity of ≥360° and ≥180°. However, in lesions with a vessel diameter of \>6.0 mm, as in the CFA, the scoring effect of NSE was not significantly superior to that of a conventional balloon.^[@R7])^ In lesions with circumferential (360°) calcifications, as in the two cases reported here, treatment with only scoring balloon inflation can lead to minor improvement of the vessel lumen. Although a scoring balloon can achieve little improvement in blood flow, it may almost result in early recoil or restenosis. If a severely calcified lesion is scored with a scoring balloon after making slits by "GLASS CUT" with a glass knife around the lumen of the first wire, the severe calcification could be crushed like breaking glass. To the best of our knowledge, this technique has not been previously reported. Conclusion ========== Here, we report a new technique with the CS for highly calcified lesions in NSZs that does not employ PTA, atherectomy, or provisional stenting for failed atherectomy, either with or without PTA. This new technique has the potential to become a major modality for the treatment of severely calcified lesions in NSZs. This novel technique was devised by A. Miyamoto. The authors thank our medical staff for their support. The authors received no research funding, consulting fee, honorarium, patent royalties, licensing fee, employment, leadership position, or advisory role for this
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16769, 6047, 2019, 95, 19, 9854, 1722, 16769, 49220, 95, 19, 95, 470, 15, 20, 16769, 23348, 2019, 95, 19, 9854, 3307, 16769, 22748, 13, 285, 470, 15, 17809, 9831, 14809, 15, 18603, 14, 22027, 14809, 369, 21042, 281, 884, 13112, 6, 313, 25606, 14, 63, 1012, 63, 36, 95, 740, 39303, 1010, 63, 47, 95, 22, 9854, 10508, 13112, 5294, 24200, 19811, 5969, 481, 25913, 11465, 497, 2624, 432, 253, 7139, 846, 577, 288, 273, 15685, 13, 41502, 342, 35755, 1824, 281, 5386, 40457, 14809, 14, 63, 1012, 63, 36, 95, 740, 39303, 1010, 63, 47, 95, 22, 9854, 14245, 275, 271, 14195, 313, 3547, 288, 13, 2456, 3272, 36, 10, 323, 387, 1878, 374, 1897, 285, 26222, 1025, 970, 39247, 285, 32409, 282, 15, 187, 187, 22997, 273, 330, 285, 427, 40604, 285, 273, 253, 5042, 1012, 63, 36, 285, 5042, 1010, 63, 47, 3506, 1504, 593, 187, 2518, 14, 187, 187, 63, 1012, 63, 36, 285, 5042, 1010, 63, 47, 24319, 715, 5230, 7118, 846, 14809, 14, 63, 1012, 63, 36, 95, 740, 39303, 1010, 63, 47, 95, 22, 95, 285, 7403, 49, 14, 63, 1012, 63, 36, 95, 26, 39303, 1010, 63, 47, 95, 20, 95, 5445, 497, 3413, 275, 689, 14245, 43462, 5230, 3530, 273, 470, 15, 18, 283, 19, 15, 17, 5770, 37711, 1502, 6898, 715, 20596, 43642, 2479, 35, 2405, 2498, 12266, 6315, 285, 14164, 9410, 347, 973, 347, 253, 5042, 1010, 63, 47, 285, 5042, 1012, 63, 36, 30374, 497, 3413, 970, 271, 38999, 38768, 313, 1322, 46059, 4339, 39664, 13, 27850, 13, 9972, 10, 9904, 3066, 247, 1716, 40591, 3719, 5673, 281, 271, 43112, 4313, 2280, 36254, 313, 3442, 14820, 13, 44207, 22840, 8541, 26572, 38230, 13, 378, 2013, 257, 13, 6176, 481, 20564, 13, 3530, 497, 5867, 342, 271, 38999, 38768, 10566, 9199, 25, 13, 401, 10047, 14, 39616, 3222, 13, 11064, 4692, 13, 27850, 13, 9972, 285, 247, 2280, 36254, 313, 3442, 330, 13, 22840, 8541, 26572, 13, 378, 2013, 257, 13, 6176, 10, 9904, 407, 247, 1716, 39, 4213, 6490, 5673, 313, 32245, 28021, 11294, 13, 378, 2013, 257, 13, 6176, 10, 2479, 35, 2222, 2498, 329, 2444, 2629, 313, 23897, 12614, 3527, 10, 369, 35890, 1411, 253, 3625, 7465, 273, 253, 1986, 2077, 3096, 1975, 17136, 3387, 313, 3016, 10339, 3387, 28, 13627, 12614, 3527, 11112, 63, 1012, 63, 330, 5414, 35, 426, 428, 1731, 15, 1867, 325, 110, 10, 285, 1982, 10339, 7609, 313, 23897, 12614, 3527, 11112, 63, 1012, 63, 330, 5414, 35, 426, 5345, 15, 3571, 325, 110, 10, 323, 11112, 63, 1012, 63, 36, 13, 285, 1982, 10339, 3387, 313, 23897, 12614, 3527, 11112, 63, 1010, 63, 427, 95, 1094, 95, 426, 428, 21, 15, 22, 325, 110, 10, 285, 1982, 10339, 7609, 313, 23897, 12614, 3527, 11112, 63, 1010, 63, 427, 95, 1094, 95, 426, 7543, 15, 10487, 325, 110, 10, 323, 11112, 63, 1010, 63, 427, 15, 27761, 497, 5867, 846, 1046, 28081, 3410, 281, 2395, 323, 2442, 7935, 16924, 689, 673, 347, 2529, 407, 1008, 35, 1012, 62, 285, 1008, 35, 3677, 1570, 8874, 360, 1427, 273, 11112, 63, 1010, 63, 47, 285, 11112, 63, 1012, 63, 36, 369, 908, 281, 10173, 427, 285, 330, 13797, 4142, 275, 42826, 273, 14809, 285, 7403, 49, 2479, 35, 1540, 2194, 1008, 35, 1093, 2498, 187, 187, 3233, 45706, 187, 10428, 187, 187, 2214, 5301, 13, 13797, 273, 5042, 1610, 63, 49, 347, 973, 347, 273, 5042, 1012, 63, 36, 285, 5042, 1010, 63, 47, 432, 13359, 13130, 14809, 16, 1647, 49, 369, 5118, 432, 5042, 1610, 63, 49, 13, 5042, 1010, 63, 47, 285, 5042, 1012, 63, 36, 24319, 347, 42826, 273, 14809, 15, 831, 19817, 10272, 4483, 1480, 5301, 875, 9694, 285, 440, 1940, 735, 3910, 875, 253, 13359, 13130, 14809, 2470, 2841, 337, 1084, 39, 18, 910, 709, 14, 881, 568, 926, 2536, 18300, 6260, 497, 2684, 342, 38356, 31743, 26, 15, 18, 313, 34478, 21663, 11294, 18990, 18, 1084, 4174, 520, 910, 709, 14, 881, 568, 4174, 986, 41825, 21386, 3268, 273, 253, 941, 369, 5762, 342, 253, 44934, 283, 21892, 76, 285, 24688, 44519, 42017, 283, 8944, 343, 30568, 1071, 28, 512, 941, 2692, 2622, 3268, 387, 1878, 407, 253, 24688, 44519, 42017, 283, 8944, 343, 30568, 1071, 15, 2596, 10834, 18929, 369, 3732, 3560, 407, 253, 40358, 285, 44384, 1071, 342, 475, 81, 11, 4398, 470, 15, 22, 15, 5128, 403, 3559, 347, 2014, 2193, 313, 1274, 281, 253, 3817, 14777, 10, 285, 347, 3817, 14, 42045, 4645, 253, 8876, 313, 11958, 1386, 582, 253, 1599, 313, 5758, 6278, 582, 285, 253, 2030, 285, 6879, 36384, 15, 42607, 285, 4869, 2193, 403, 1677, 347, 2228, 8965, 13, 5727, 42559, 313, 18, 2673, 403, 3559, 347, 6114, 15, 187, 187, 9340, 187, 6877, 187, 187, 5065, 2930, 273, 367, 95, 74, 95, 530, 431, 640, 407, 14809, 187, 30282, 187, 187, 49, 95, 74, 95, 13797, 4142, 273, 48448, 11465, 5118, 432, 5042, 1610, 63, 49, 14, 49, 95, 74, 95, 2898, 313, 23813, 544, 2841, 337, 1084, 39, 18, 910, 709, 14, 881, 568, 926, 7547, 323, 1097, 13, 1684, 9388, 285, 320, 5036, 13, 3560, 6277, 261, 283, 46, 290, 257, 24273, 2470, 2841, 374, 1084, 39, 19, 910, 709, 14, 881, 568, 926, 2536, 27219, 367, 95, 74, 95, 4719, 760, 5777, 5876, 475, 44, 3853, 78, 95, 285, 475, 87, 3853, 4090, 95, 2193, 273, 367, 95, 74, 95, 13797, 273, 48448, 1684, 9388, 11465, 15, 2058, 470, 15, 1099, 9831, 3116, 367, 95, 74, 9854, 247, 42876, 2169, 367, 95, 74, 95, 15430, 369, 4860, 407, 247, 2406, 475, 44, 3853, 78, 17977, 2877, 313, 13381, 3279, 7584, 16769, 10, 2429, 281, 3116, 387, 470, 15, 1762, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 95, 2796, 44, 3853, 78, 95, 1318, 273, 27518, 3279, 11107, 16769, 481, 380, 4869, 367, 95, 74, 95, 13797, 2281, 369, 2406, 1309, 3116, 387, 470, 15, 1099, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 95, 313, 28209, 3279, 4562, 45648, 305, 8011, 18, 63, 269, 88, 288, 8011, 18, 13146, 2429, 281, 253, 3116, 387, 470, 15, 1762, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 95, 313, 25140, 3279, 2456, 45648, 305, 8011, 18, 63, 269, 88, 288, 8011, 18, 41825, 1889, 68, 1701, 11465, 432, 320, 5036, 37002, 30481, 342, 470, 15, 2640, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 95, 2692, 24678, 2406, 475, 44, 3853, 78, 95, 313, 1867, 3279, 1283, 16769, 10, 285, 475, 87, 3853, 4090, 95, 2193, 313, 20070, 3279, 3127, 45648, 305, 8011, 18, 63, 269, 88, 288, 8011, 18, 41825, 380, 1195, 2003, 614, 15685, 9320, 4136, 10272, 273, 253, 367, 95, 74, 95, 326, 556, 644, 10607, 715, 253, 1269, 2172, 78, 2479, 35, 1348, 2498, 27219, 367, 95, 74, 95, 858, 417, 2818, 436, 4764, 326, 8553, 323, 598, 281, 577, 6, 273, 2264, 367, 95, 74, 95, 2668, 598, 407, 48448, 11465, 323, 1684, 9388, 2470, 2841, 374, 1084, 39, 19, 910, 709, 14, 881, 568, 926, 2536, 496, 4499, 13, 253, 367, 95, 74, 95, 10607, 715, 253, 1269, 2172, 78, 273, 48448, 320, 5036, 11465, 369, 6685, 1698, 285, 4925, 5512, 470, 15, 18, 6, 273, 2264, 367, 95, 74, 95, 2668, 598, 326, 369, 2810, 281, 253, 2701, 273, 5481, 2470, 2841, 374, 1084, 39, 19, 910, 709, 14, 881, 568, 926, 2536, 32642, 2281, 273, 367, 95, 74, 95, 10607, 715, 253, 1269, 2172, 78, 369, 2145, 45648, 305, 8011, 18, 63, 269, 88, 288, 8011, 18, 63, 323, 1684, 9388, 533, 760, 470, 15, 1166, 45648, 305, 8011, 18, 63, 269, 88, 288, 8011, 18, 63, 323, 320, 5036, 15, 187, 187, 3138, 1773, 36551, 18925, 273, 17016, 13797, 13, 1269, 2172, 78, 10935, 273, 17016, 285, 253, 4103, 8394, 273, 17016, 10607, 715, 253, 1269, 2172, 78, 273, 48448, 1684, 9388, 285, 320, 5036, 11465, 15, 1716, 36551, 18925, 273, 17016, 313, 49, 95, 74, 13611, 13797, 313, 23725, 14580, 582, 1269, 2172, 78, 10935, 273, 17016, 313, 16389, 14580, 10, 285, 253, 4103, 8394, 273, 17016, 10607, 715, 253, 1269, 2172, 78, 313, 10492, 14580, 10, 369, 2684, 342, 48448, 1684, 9388, 313, 1274, 5084, 10, 285, 320, 5036, 313, 918, 5084, 10, 11465, 15, 367, 4488, 274, 6244, 497, 8228, 2057, 342, 470, 15, 1762, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 95, 313, 11958, 19325, 10, 390, 342, 470, 15, 1099, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 95, 313, 433, 20200, 481, 31069, 348, 37002, 497, 30481, 342, 470, 15, 2640, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 20547, 5128, 3559, 403, 2193, 432, 2060, 7189, 569, 342, 1740, 281, 2800, 48448, 11465, 15, 6277, 261, 283, 46, 290, 257, 13840, 497, 5118, 970, 253, 941, 1783, 285, 19908, 3694, 38356, 31743, 26, 15, 18, 15, 380, 2806, 285, 2502, 9191, 921, 6277, 261, 283, 46, 290, 257, 13840, 323, 253, 9056, 4444, 5239, 28, 2806, 27, 3116, 475, 49, 3853, 74, 95, 426, 470, 15, 1762, 9831, 28, 2502, 27, 3116, 475, 49, 3853, 74, 95, 426, 470, 15, 1099, 9831, 323, 1684, 9388, 13, 285, 11978, 323, 320, 5036, 15, 2732, 374, 288, 273, 638, 14, 1763, 30987, 253, 577, 288, 273, 15685, 497, 3053, 407, 15706, 253, 2900, 273, 253, 15685, 18862, 342, 253, 9056, 15685, 2900, 4508, 253, 367, 95, 74, 95, 4719, 4860, 28, 323, 1684, 9388, 432, 470, 15, 520, 9831, 598, 281, 337, 15, 23, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 95, 285, 323, 320, 5036, 432, 608, 16769, 598, 281, 470, 15, 22, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 20547, 26602, 2425, 273, 5042, 1610, 63, 49, 14, 49, 95, 74, 95, 17751, 432, 23377, 19, 15, 17, 63, 18391, 63, 740, 63, 25, 63, 378, 82, 22598, 8011, 18, 63, 313, 13259, 273, 470, 15, 1762, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 13611, 598, 281, 23377, 22, 15, 24, 63, 18391, 63, 740, 63, 23, 63, 378, 82, 22598, 8011, 18, 63, 313, 21272, 273, 337, 15, 23, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 13611, 323, 1684, 9388, 285, 17751, 432, 23377, 18, 15, 26, 63, 18391, 63, 740, 63, 26, 63, 378, 82, 22598, 8011, 18, 63, 313, 13259, 273, 470, 15, 5523, 9831, 367, 95, 74, 13611, 598, 281, 23377, 18, 15, 26 ]
To simulate soil temperature, incubation chambers were placed on aluminum plates cooled down to 15°C for 4 h of incubation. Uptake of ATP or CTP was terminated by washing roots 3-times with the respective unlabeled solution. Root sections in the incubation compartment (compartment A) were separated from the root sections located in compartment B and C. Oven dried homogenized root samples were subjected to IRMS analysis for the determination of ^13^C and ^15^N accumulation. Experiments of ^13^C and ^15^N Uptake Applied as Double-Labeled ATP in the Field -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To test if ^13^C and ^15^N uptake rates calculated as ATP equivalents in experiments under controlled conditions were similar to ^13^C and ^15^N uptake rates equivalent to ATP in the field, ATP uptake experiments were performed in September 2017 at two field sites, namely the acidic Conventwald (Con) and calcareous Tuttlingen (Tut) forest stands. The soils of these forests differ in their properties (silicate *versus* limestone bedrock) ([@B62]) with the Tuttlingen soil containing eightfold lower plant available P~i~ (for detailed soil descriptions see [@B62]; [@B55]). At both field sites, fine roots of six adult beech trees and of six beech saplings were carefully excavated out of the soil. Adherent soil particles from the roots were removed with distilled water and cleaned roots were dried using paper towels. Roots still attached to adult beech trees or to their offspring were incubated in an artificial soil solution at pH 5.0 that contained 29 μM NH~4~Cl, 35 μM KNO~3~, 16 μM CaCl~2~, 17 μM MgCl~2~ 0.3 μM MnCl~2~, 22 μM NaCl, and 0.169 mM ATP. Double-labeled ATP was diluted to 10 atom% (ATP-^13^C~10~^15^N~5~, 98 atom%, Sigma Aldrich). Fine roots were cut from the trees after 4 h of incubation, rinsed with distilled water to remove adherent ATP-^13^C~10~^15^N~5~, dried in an oven (72 h, 50°C) for at least 2 days and homogenized using mortar and pestle. Analysis of C and N Contents and of the ^13^C and ^15^N Abundance ----------------------------------------------------------------- ^13^C and ^15^N incorporation into root sections after ATP-^13^C~10~^15^N~5~ and CTP-^13^C~9~^15^N~3~ exposure were determined in over dried powdered root samples of 0.1--2.0 mg aliquots filled into tin capsules ([@B31]). Total carbon and nitrogen contents as well as the ^15^N and ^13^C abundances were determined using an elemental analyzer (NA 2500CE Instruments, Milan, Italy) coupled via a Conflo II interface to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Delta Plus, Thermo Finnigan MAT GmbH, Bremen, Germany). Alternatively, samples were analyzed with an elemental analyzer NA 1108, Fisons-Instruments, Rodano, Milan, Italy and a mass spectrometer (Delta C, Finnigan MAT, Bremen, Germany) coupled by a ConFlo III interface (Thermo Electron Corporation, Bremen, Germany) ([@B95]). A working standard (glutamic acid) was calibrated against the primary standards of the United States Geological Survey 40 (USGS 40; glutamic acid δ^13^ CPDB = -26.39‰) and USGS 41 (glutamic acid δ^13^ CPDB = 37.63‰) for δ^13^C, and USGS 40 (glutamic acid δ^15^ N~air~ = -4.5‰) and USGS 41 (glutamic acid δ^15^ N~air~ = 47.600‰) for δ^15^ N. Standards were analyzed after every tenth sample to account for potential instrument drift over time as described by [@B13] and [@B71]. Accumulation of δ^15^N and δ^13^C was used to calculate N and C uptake rates in equivalents of ATP and CTP ([@B64]; [@B18]). Data Analyses ------------- For comparison, uptake of ^33^P as well as of ^13^C and ^15^N from differently labeled ATP/CTP was calculated from ^33^P, ^15^N and ^13^C incorporation as equivalents of ATP. This standardized calculation allows direct comparison between treatments and uncovers differences between the differently labeled ATP ([Figure 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). Statistical analyses were performed with Origin^®^9.1 (OriginLab Corporation^[1](#fn01){ref-type="fn"}^). Normal distribution of the data was tested with the Shapiro--Wilk and Kolmogorov--Smirnov test; all data showed normal distribution at least by the Kolmogorov--Smirnov test. One Way ANOVA was applied followed by the Bonferroni and Tukey test with *p* \< 0.5. Data are presented as single values (left to the box plots) and as box-plots showing the median (black line), the mean (open square), and the 25 and 75 percentile. Minimum and maximum values are given as error bars, whereas outliers (1%) are presented as stars. Results ======= Competition of P~i~ Uptake by ATP --------------------------------- P~i~ uptake rates of excised roots calculated from ^33^P-P~i~ application (compare [Figure 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}) for both, poplar and beech, followed Michaelis--Menten kinetics ([Figure 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Growth P~i~ concentration only slightly affected *K*~m~ and *v*~max~ values of P~i~ uptake of excised poplar roots. At 0.25 mM growth P~i~, a marginally higher P~i~ affinity was indicated by a lower *K*~m~-value (126 ± 49 μM) compared to growth at 0.05 mM P~i~ (*K*~m~ value of 238 ± 94 μM). The maximum P~i~ uptake rate was lower during growth at 0.25 mM P~i~ (271 ± 31 nmol g^-1^ fw h^-1^) compared to the growth at 0.05 mM P~i~ (367 ± 50 nmol g^-1^ fw h^-1^). Excised roots from beech seedlings cultivated with 0.02 mM P~i~ showed remarkably lower *K*~m~ (39 ± 18 μM) and *v*~max~ values (178 ± 21 nmol g^-1^ fw h^-1^). The tripartite incubation chamber allowed calculation of the P~i~ that has been loaded into the xylem ([@B24]). Growth P~i~ did not affect this parameter that accounts for up to 4% of total P~i~ taken up by excised roots for poplar ([Figure 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). In contrast, the P~i~ loaded into the xylem of excised beech roots was extremely low and reached approximately 0.1% of total P~i~ taken up that was close to the limit of detection ([Figure 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Maximum rate of P~i~ loaded into the xylem was 13 nmol g^-1^ fw h^-1^ for poplar but only 0.17 nmol g^-1^ fw h^-1^ for beech. ![Concentration dependency of phosphate uptake, xylem loading of phosphate and the relative proportion of phosphate loaded into the xylem of excised poplar and beech roots. Concentration dependency of phosphate (P~i~) uptake (upper graphs), xylem loading of phosphate (middle graphs) and the relative proportion of phosphate loaded into the xylem (bottom graphs) was performed with excised poplar (left column) and beech (right column) roots. Poplar plants were grown either with 0.05 mM P~i~ (black squares) or with 0.25 mM P~i~ (red dots). Beech seedlings were cultivated with 0.02 mM P~i~. Data presented are values from individual incubations with four to six excised roots. Michaelis--Menten fits were calculated using the data analysis and graphic software Origin^®^9.1. The black and red curves show Michaelis--Menten fits for the respective plant sets; black: growth *P*~i~ = 0.05 mM; red: growth *P*~i~ = 0.25 mM for poplar, and gray for beech. After 2 h of pre-incubation the 4 h of incubation were started by replacing the solution of the incubation compartment with the respective incubation solution containing the P~i~ concentration indicated; for poplar from 0.01 mM up to 1.6 mM P~i~ and for beech from 5 μM up to 0.5 mM P~i~. Specific activity of ^33^P-P~i~ ranged from ∼2.0^∗^10^8^ Bq mmol^-1^ (application of 0.05 mM P~i~) up to ∼5.7^∗^10^6^ Bq mmol^-1^ (treatment of 1.6 mM P~i~) for poplar and ranged from ∼1.9^∗^10^9^ Bq mmol^-1^ (application of 0.005 mM P~i~) up to ∼1.9
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as evident from the percentage viabilities. Therefore, this data clearly indicated that deficiency in CYP5122A1 resulted in lowering of ergosterol levels consequently making them less susceptible to amphotericin B. ![Synthesis of ergosterol in HKO and WT parasites.\ **A.** Chromatogram of ergosterol profile from sterol extracts of WT, HKO and CMPL strains subjected to GC-MS analysis. **Insets.** Table showing the approximate ergosterol content as calculated using a standard curve. TLC analysis of ergosterol from WT (Lane 1), HKO (Lane 2) and complemented parasites (Lane 3). Rf value of ergosterol: 0.588. Standard ergosterol dilutions (Lane 4: 0.05 µg, Lane 5: 0.1 µg, Lane 6: 0.5 µg, Lane 7: 1 µg). **B.** Comparative growth pattern of WT and HKO parasites *in vitro* over a period of 6 days in culture, in the presence and absence of ergosterol. Mean ± SE, n = 3. **C.** Bar graph shows percentage viability of WT, HKO and CMPL parasites in response to treatment with amphotericin B for 6 h. Mean ± SE, n = 3.](pone.0025273.g009){#pone-0025273-g009} Discussion {#s3} ========== Cytochrome P450s are an important group of proteins involved in the synthesis of physiologically active compounds, drug metabolism and bioconversion of xenobiotics. Although the parasite genome database annotations identify 3 distinct CYP450s in *Leishmania donovani*, no data is available on the possible functions of these proteins in this medically important parasite. Both from the point of view of identifying drug targets and understanding the physiology of the *Leishmania* parasite, CYP450s need to be investigated. In this study, we report the involvement of one of the CYP450s, the CYP5122A1 in the survival and function of the *Leishmania donovani* parasite. The sequence of the cloned CYP450 from *L. donovani* obtained using primers designed from *L. major* showed the presence of signature motifs of CYP450 proteins. Designated CYP5122A1 by the CYP450 Nomenclature Committee, the sequence of the protein showed close identity within the subgroup of *Leishmania* but shared ∼50% identity with the *Trypanosoma* sequences. For functional studies, the free-swimming *L. donovani* promastigotes were selected as an ideal model system to analyse the function of CYP5122A1 because promastigotes differentiate into infective metacyclics that eventually infect mammalian macrophages. No significant alterations in the CYP5122A1 levels during *in vitro* life cycle suggested constitutive levels to be sufficient for growth and metacyclogenesis. However, the higher expression of the protein in stationary phase metacyclics as compared to the log phase ones implied that accumulation of this protein was coincident with increase in infective abilities of the parasites. Interestingly, the intracellular amastigotes also expressed a higher quantity of the protein than promastigotes. The requirement of CYP5122A1 for normal growth of the parasite was substantiated by impaired differentiation and growth of the HKO parasites where one allele of CYP5122A1 was replaced by antibiotic resistance resulting in expression of half the amount of the protein as is present in the WTs. When HKO parasites were transfected to episomally express CYP5122A1 to compensate the reduced expression in them, improved growth as compared to the HKOs further validated the requirement of CYP5122A1 for development of the parasite. The sharp decline in ergosterol levels in the HKO parasites coupled with their inability to tolerate oxidative stress indicated that the lowered ergosterol could be a reason for lesser parasite growth and lack of resistance to drug-induced stress. While the improved growth rate upon supplementation of ergosterol could be looked upon as an indication of a positive role of the sterol, the HKO parasites episomally expressing CYP5122A1 showing increased ergosterol content and improved growth rate further confirmed the importance of ergosterol. In another kinetoplastid parasite, the *Trypanosoma* spp. alterations in ergosterol levels through enzymatic inhibition induce reduction in cell growth [@pone.0025273-Chen1]--[@pone.0025273-Lepesheva1]. Although *Leishmania* parasites can survive with lower sterol levels, normal supplement of sterol is required for optimal parasite function [@pone.0025273-Ouellette2] which is reinforced by this study. Since sterol biosynthesis inhibitors are projected as attractive drug targets [@pone.0025273-deSouza1], [@pone.0025273-Lepesheva2], lower ergosterol in the HKOs suggest a link of CYP5122A1 to sterol biosynthesis which makes a strong case for CYP5122A1 to be investigated further for evaluation as a possible drug target. Efficient ability to bind to the macrophages and invade the cells determines the extent of infection and finally, disease pathogenesis. Reduced infective ability of the HKO parasite when compared to WT parasite could be due to several reasons. Firstly, reduced infectivity could be related to lower number of infective forms present in the HKO parasite inoculum, secondly, defects in host-parasite membrane interaction or thirdly, a rapid parasite clearance by host generated ROS. The lower recovery of metacyclics from the HKO cultures as compared to the WT cultures indicated that formation of fewer metacyclics could be a reason for lower infectivity. Since metacyclics from HKOs were less efficient for infection as compared to the WT metacyclics, the quality of their membrane could also be a reason for impaired ability to infect. Therefore, it is likely that a combination of factors like lesser number of infective forms in a given inoculum and defective membrane fusion events were responsible for lower infection rate by the HKO parasites. Altered lipid composition of membranes is known to affect membrane binding events in general like in yeast where ergosterols play an important role in plasma membrane fusion [@pone.0025273-Maxfield1]--[@pone.0025273-HeesePeck1]. HKO parasites expressing low ergosterol were cleared faster by the host possibly because of compromised resistance to oxidative stress as sterols are proposed to be crafted by natural selection as an early defense mechanism to ROS [@pone.0025273-Galea1]. The notion that parasites with low ergosterol are vulnerable to oxidative stress is further supported by increased susceptibility of these parasites to H~2~O~2~ induced stress *in vitro*. Since the extent of sterol oxidation is defined by the sterol content itself, the low ergosterol cells would be prone to increased ROS induced damage [@pone.0025273-Olsher1]. As low CYP5122A1 levels in the HKO parasites increased oxidative stress susceptibility, it was of interest to investigate how the WT parasites expressing normal CYP5122A1 levels handled drug exposure. The WT parasites resisted lower doses of miltefosine more efficiently because they could up-regulate CYP5122A1 in response to the drug. Altered lipid content by the action of miltefosine [@pone.0025273-Rakotomanga1]--[@pone.0025273-Croft2] combined with increased miltefosine-generated ROS increased the susceptibility of the HKO parasites to the drug. It was obvious that ROS played a major role in miltefosine induced cell death because presence of an antioxidant during miltefosine exposure protected the cells. In contrast, PAT treatment could not induce CYP5122A1 increase and caused higher death. Although the difference in response could be due to the dissimilar mode of action, these observations lend credence to the suggestion that CYP5122A1 levels are critical for combating drug effects. Arguably, drugs using cellular sterols to exert their action should show impaired effects in the HKO cells with lower ergosterol. Consistent with this view, HKO parasites were less susceptible to amphotericin B, an anti-leishmanial drug that requires association with membrane ergosterol for action [@pone.0025273-Roberts1], [@pone.0025273-Mbongo1]. This provides an important possibility that CYP5122A1 deficiency could be linked to resistance to amphotericin B as changes in sterol profile is known to accord amphotericin B resistance [@pone.0025273-Roberts1], [@pone.0025273-Mbongo1]. The mitochondria primarily sequesters Ca^2+^ to stimulate and control the rate of oxidative phosphorylation to induce mitochondrial permeability transition, regulate cytosolic Ca^2+^ pulses and drive apoptotic cell death [@pone.0025273-Gunter1]. The partially functional mitochondria, with the lower ΔΨ~m~, low ATP production, low Ca^2+^ and higher ROS generation in HKO parasites possibly reflected consequences of lower ergosterol content as well because ergosterol is found in the membranes of intracellular organelles including *Leishmania* mitochondria [@pone.0025273-Arora1]. The close similarity in CYP5122A1 sequences between the old and the new world *Leishmania* spp. with the conserved heme binding domain suggest commonality of function with its orthologues in the *Leishmania* and *Trypanosoma* species. Therefore, how can this data be integrated in a model of *Leishmania* survival? The information obtained clearly establishes that interference with CYP5122A1 levels have deleterious consequences for the parasite in terms of compromised organellar function, increased susceptibility to drugs and impairment
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could to make it pretty in anticipation of his arrival. He had a long way to come, and she was startled to find herself pleased that he should be in such haste. The younger Princess, the one affected, was in no condition to do more than allow herself to be dressed, and the sleeves of her deep pink robe were soaked with tears, until even her older and wiser sister began to weep. "I doubt that I will be with you much longer," she said, "and while my whole concern is for you, day and night, these women keep dinning it into my ears that your new state will turn out for the best; and I expect they are right after all, since no doubt they have lived long enough to know what is what. Even I, who have so little sense, never imagined that I could insist on your always remaining the same, but it certainly did not occur to me that you might suffer at any moment, as now, so disturbing a shock. I suppose that this must be what they like to call destiny. It is so hard, you know. When you are feeling a little better, I will make you understand that I knew nothing about it. Please, please, do not hate me! It would be bad karma for you!" She was stroking and combing her sister's hair. Her sister, who did not reply, reflected nonetheless that what she had heard suggested only a wish to spare her distress and harm. Alas, she thought, the ridicule and contempt I now face mean misery for her, and all the while I have her looking after me! His Highness derived particular pleasure from the very dismay her unsuspecting innocence aroused in her, and, needless to say, he liked her still better with a somewhat greater measure of womanly sweetness. Distressed then to the point of pain that those endless mountain trails should put her almost beyond his reach, he assured her with deep feeling that she would always command his devotion, but she made nothing of any of it, whether for good or ill. A girl, however carefully sheltered, is likely to feel only moderate shyness or fear if she has been among more or less normally peopled surroundings and has had parents and brothers from whom to learn what men are like; but although the younger Princess had never been forbidden the company of others, she had always lived far off among the hills, and habitual isolation and reserve had made this new, unsought presence in her life very daunting indeed. She knew that she could only be an impossible rustic in every way, and her courage failed her at every attempt to pronounce the most trivial answer. Nevertheless, she was the one whose manner suggested the livelier intelligence and wit. "On the third night people have rice cakes," the women reminded Her Highness, upon whom it then dawned that these would have to be made for the occasion. She hardly knew what orders to give while the work went on before her, and the way she blushed with embarrassment at being seen grandly directing things was utterly charming. Being the elder gave her the greater dignity and poise, but she really was very fond of her sister, and very kind. A letter came from the Counselor: "I would have come yesterday evening, were it not for chagrin that my devotion should have gone unrewarded. I know that I might make myself useful tonight, but that ignominious guard duty has left me feeling unwell, and in the end I have not been able to make up my mind to it." Written with punctilious formality on Michinokuni paper, it arrived thoughtfully accompanied by cloth for the occasion, still unsewn, in many-colored rolls packed in several chests that he had sent to Ben and marked "For the Women." It was all simply what had been available at Her Cloistered Highness's, and he seemed not to have managed to collect a great deal, for hidden underneath there were damasks and plain silk, while on top, apparently for the sisters, lay two very beautiful sets of robes. On a sleeve of one of the shifts she found, trite though it was, " _Nightclothes you may need: no indeed, I cannot say we ever shared them_ , _but I might ask you to wear at least this reproach from me_." To her this intensified the shame of both, whose mystery was now gone, and she struggled for words to answer him; meanwhile, one of the messengers ran off and disappeared. She detained a miserable servant to give him her reply: " _At heart you and I may well be so much at one that nothing parts us_ , _yet I would not wear from you any hint that we are joined_." It was a very ordinary effort, what with her agitation and the thoughts that troubled her so, but he who received it at last was pleased to be touched that she had expressed her feelings plainly. His Highness had gone to the palace, and that night he privately despaired at seeing no chance to get away. "There you are, still single," Her Majesty admonished him, disliking that he lived so often at home, "and I gather that everyone is talking about what a gallant you are. One simply cannot approve. You would do well not to insist on acting just as you please. His Majesty is concerned about you as well." Shattered, His Highness withdrew to his palace apartment, where he wrote and sent off a letter. He was still sunk in gloom when the Counselor arrived, and he received him with greater pleasure than usual; for, he thought, here at least is an ally. "What am I to do?" he lamented. "It seems to be getting dark, and I am at my wits' end." The Counselor decided to probe his feelings. "It has been days since you were last at the palace," he said, "and I expect that Her Majesty will be even more upset with you if you fail to stay and run off again. I was in the gentlewomen's sitting room, and I heard what she said. Secretly, I paled to imagine that troublesome service I did you earning me Their Majesties' undeserved censure." "I would much rather not hear what she has to say on the subject!" His Highness replied. "Someone has been spreading rumors, I suppose. What have I done to deserve this sort of reproach? I tell you, I could do without being a man who has to mind his manners this way!" He really did seem to hate it. The Counselor pitied him. "You seem to be in trouble either way. For tonight, then, let me take the blame and risk my own good name. What about _riding_ over the Kohata hills? I expect that will start more talk, but never mind." It was quite dark by now, and His Highness could think of nothing else to do. He set out on horseback. "Unfortunately, I cannot accompany you," the Counselor informed him, "but I shall do what I can for you here." He was therefore the one who stayed on in attendance at the palace. He went to wait upon the Empress. "I heard His Highness go out," she said. "He is completely impossible! What _will_ people think? It is so awkward for me when His Majesty hears about this sort of thing, because he scolds me for not being strict enough with him." Despite all her grown-up children, the quality of her presence suggested ever more delightful youth. Her Highness the First Princess must be very like her, he reflected, longing sometime at least to hear her voice this close. This sort of ease between people is what starts a gallant thinking forbidden thoughts, I suppose—when she is so near and familiar and yet inaccessible. Could any heart in all the world be as peculiar as mine? Still, once anyone _has_ touched it, I am hers forever. Every one of the gentlewomen in Her Majesty's service had something in looks or wit to commend her, and some among their handsome company were very striking indeed, but he had resolved that none should disturb him, and he behaved perfectly correctly with them all. Certain of them purposely tempted him. Her Majesty set a tone of such calm and dignity that they were serene on the surface, but people are all different, and some still betrayed romantic leanings. Now pleased, now moved, he took it all as evidence of the world's fleeting ways. At Uji the night was growing late, and despite the Counselor's solemn assurances His Highness had still not arrived. Instead there was a letter from him. I knew it! Her Highness thought, and she was nursing her bitter hurt when he came after all, near midnight, as though racing the wild wind, the very picture of sweetly perfumed grace. How could she not think well of him? Surely even the bride understood that the time had come to yield a little. She looked quite lovely, and it seemed to him that, so perfectly dressed, she was truly without equal. That she should please even his eye, when he knew so many great ladies, and that in looks as in all other aspects of her person she should charm him so much _more_ in intimacy—this brought broad, unabashed smiles to the rustic old women's faces. " _What_ a shame it would have been to see so ravishing a young lady go to someone of no interest at all! He is perfect for her!" they all exclaimed to each other, meanwhile clucking with disapproval over their elder mistress's strange obstinacy. Her Highness looked them over without indulgence, old and faded as they were, in all
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restaurants. We have stayed in lots of places in Florida over the years from the Keys to Fort Myers Beach and so far this is... More Report Helpful? 1Thank mckay15 ShorelineGM, Manager at Shoreline Island Resort, responded to this review Thank you for taking the time to write a review for Shoreline Island Resort. We are so thankful that were able to come and relax with us here on the beach. This is our favorite spot in Florida as well. We hope that Shoreline has become your home away from home. We look forward to your return. Please call our... We stayed here in room 252 for 14 days in September 2916. What a location!! Used the balcony every day to have our coffee and watch the beach activity. Besides the fisher people, beach walkers and runners, pelicans, seagulls, cranes and egrets, there were dolphins every morning frolicking on their way by and not far out either. This property is... More Report Helpful? 1Thank Pea_Baker ShorelineGM, Manager at Shoreline Island Resort, responded to this review Thank you for taking the time to write a review for Shoreline Island Resort. Drinking coffee on the balcony and watching dolphins play sounds like a great vacation to us as well. We are so thankful that were able to come and relax with us here on the beach. We hope that Shoreline has become your home away from home.... Perfect stay. We have been here several times and have future reservations. Rooms are clean, staff is caring and helpful, it is located on the beach and adults only. We use to stay in Clearwater but Maderia is not as busy and still close to many activities we enjoy. More Report Helpful? 1Thank janholland211 ShorelineGM, Manager at Shoreline Island Resort, responded to this review Thank you for taking the time to write a review for Shoreline Island Resort. We are so thankful that were able to come and relax with us here on the beach. We hope that Shoreline has become your home away from home. We look forward to your return. Please call our office and ask for return guest discount - 15%... We live in Pinellas County and usually drive a much longer way for a few days o the beach. Thought we'd stay close to home this time and are so glad we did. Very nice rooms, balconies, beach, maids, all the staff was very nice. Close to John's Pass! All the public areas were clean including the pool. So nice... More Report Helpful? 1Thank jamdownron ShorelineGM, Manager at Shoreline Island Resort, responded to this review Thank you for taking the time to write a review for Shoreline Island Resort. We are so thankful that were able to come and relax with us here on the beach. We hope that Shoreline has become your home away from home. We look forward to your return. Please call our office and ask for return guest discount - 15%... Well worth the nine and a half hour flight from the UK to this home away from home. Perfect location right on the beach, great if you like to fish off the beach to. All staff are very friendly and fun and give you any assistance they can. Rooms are great, overlooking the gulf coast and are kept clean and... More Report Helpful? 1Thank baker381 ShorelineGM, Manager at Shoreline Island Resort, responded to this review Thank you for taking the time to write a review for Shoreline Island Resort. We are so thankful that were able to come relax and fish with us on the beach. October is one of the best times of year to come to do some beach fishing. We are glad you were able to catch some of those delicious fish.... Returned to Shoreline after staying here two years ago and it has only gotten better. Great location by the beach, friendly staff, lots of chairs/tables near pool, warm water in pool and kept very clean inside and out. Location between Treasure Island and Redington Beach gives you lots of options for food, drink & entertainment and a short drive over... More Report Helpful? 2Thank jacee2013 ShorelineGM, Manager at Shoreline Island Resort, responded to this review Thank you for taking the time to write a review for Shoreline Island Resort. We are so thankful that were able to come and relax with us here on the beach. We hope that Shoreline has become your home away from home. We look forward to your return. Please call our office and ask for return guest discount - 15%... This is our 2nd year staying at Shoreline, what a wonderful place to spend your vacation. everyone is so accommodating, very clean and comfortable resort. Can't say enough good things about Shoreline, we booked for next year, after hearing other couples booking for next year. The views are spectacular, can't wait to go back. More Report Helpful? Thank Renee244g ShorelineGM, Manager at Shoreline Island Resort, responded to this review Thank you for taking the time to write a review for Shoreline Island Resort. We are so thankful that were able to come and relax with us here on the beach. We hope that Shoreline has become your home away from home. We look forward to your return. Please call our office and ask for return guest discount - 15%... We were displaced from the hurricane on the east coast of Florida and needed a 2 bedroom/2 bath unit. Somehow we stumbled on the Shoreline Island Resort and found exactly what we needed so we booked it. What a wonderful surprise when we checked in! The huge gulf-front apartment was beautiful, clean, & comfortable. Every staff member that we encountered... More Report Helpful? 1Thank mamabeac ShorelineGM, Manager at Shoreline Island Resort, responded to this review Thank you for taking the time to write a review for Shoreline Island Resort. We are so thankful that were able to come and relax with us here on the beach. We had just recently completed renovations on the guest laundry area, and we are glad you appreciated the new look. We hope that Shoreline has become your home away... Magnificent white sand beaches engulf Shoreline Island Resort, located between Clearwater Beach and St. Petersburg Beach. This family owned resort has blended many of the comfortable conveniences with leisure and recreational amenities you expect from a luxury resort....more less Additional Information about Shoreline Island Resort Address: 14200 Gulf Blvd, Madeira Beach, FL 33708-2237 Region:United States > Florida > Madeira Beach Price Range: $161 - $341 (Based on Average Rates for a Standard Room) Hotel Class:3 star — Shoreline Island Resort 3* Number of rooms: 70 Reservation Options: TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Hotels.com, Orbitz, Odigeo, Expedia and Travelocity so you can book your Shoreline Island Resort reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers. Also Known As: Shoreline Island Resort Motel Madeira Beach Hotel Madeira Beach Shoreline Island Madeira Beach Shoreline Island Hotel Madeira Beach Hotel Style: #1 Family Hotel in Madeira Beach #1 Romantic Hotel in Madeira Beach #1 On the Beach Hotel in Madeira Beach Is This Your TripAdvisor Listing? Own or manage this property? Claim your listing for free to respond to reviews, update your profile and much more. * TripAdvisor LLC is not a booking agent and does not charge any service fees to users of our site... (more) We noticed that you're using an unsupported browser. The TripAdvisor website may not display properly. We support the following browsers: Windows:Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome. Mac:Safari. TripAdvisor LLC is not responsible for content on external web sites. Taxes, fees not included for deals content. PriceFinder is your ultimate hotel booking tool, checking hundreds of sites to help you find the lowest prices. Welcome back! Prices may have changed while you were gone. Please refresh the page to see the latest prices for Shoreline Island Resort.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <NumberPicker xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/edit" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="18dp" android:paddingTop="18dp"/> Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Type I interferons (IFN-I) are cytokines abundantly produced during various immunological conditions and are known to play a pivotal role in the control of several viral infections. In humans, the IFN-I family is composed of 13 IFNα subtypes, IFNβ, IFNδ, IFNε, IFNζ,
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, is he?" Polly was surprised and interested to find that Granny had been following Mr. Lynn's movements too. "Well, that's nothing to take on about," Granny said. "But I've no good clothes at all!" Polly wailed. "Polly!" Granny said, sharper still. "Stop howling and answer me one serious question." "Yes," Polly gulped. "Did Mr. Lynn ask _you_ out, or did you ask _him_?" said Granny. "He wrote and asked—I never said a word, promise," said Polly. "And he sent me a parcel with soldiers in—" "All right," said Granny. "I'm not sure I like it, Polly, but if he's free to ask, I suppose he must want to see you. But be wary of what he gives you. Keep that to yourself, understand? Now, are you sure you want a dress? Wouldn't a pair of jeans and perhaps a nice jacket be better?" "Well—" Polly remembered Mr. Lynn's old anorak. "Much better. But I haven't even got any jeans that fit, Granny." "I thought that was what you were asking me for," Granny retorted. "I'll buy you them for your birthday, Polly. I'm not made of money." Polly's birthday was not till June, but it was worth having no present from Granny then, just to be properly dressed now. She thanked Granny gratefully. "I don't do it to be thanked," Granny said, and rang off. Polly went upstairs and carefully put the soldiers in her folder along with her paintings. When Ivy came home, she was waiting in the hall. "Mum, my hair needs washing." "I suppose it does," Ivy agreed. Neither of them could remember when Polly's hair was last washed. They went up to the bathroom, where they both had rather a shock. Polly's hair hung in snakes because each piece was matted into itself, in a sort of rope, and Polly had head lice. Ivy had to go out for a special shampoo and a fine-tooth comb. But the comb would not go through Polly's hair. "Don't you ever brush your hair?" Ivy said, grimly dragging an ordinary comb through it. The dragging made Polly's head sore. Her eyes watered. "Not often." "Then you should!" said Ivy. "You're big enough now, in all conscience! I don't know, Polly—this is such a mess I think I'd better cut it all off. You'd look quite nice with it short, after all." _"No!"_ shrieked Polly. She jumped up and dragged her hair away. "Don't you dare touch it! I like it long!" "After all I've done for you!" Ivy said, losing her temper too. "You haven't done anything for me! You let me get lice!" Polly screamed back. They shouted at one another for quite a while. At length Ivy gave in. "You always did have such a will, Polly. All right. But I thought you wanted it short." "I don't any more," said Polly. It took two hours to get Polly's hair combed, and another hour of washing after that. The water that came out of her hair was dark brown for the first two washes. Ivy washed it yet again, and combed it. Nits floated in the washbasin and had to be rinsed away. "Let this be a lesson to you," Ivy said at last. "Yes," Polly sighed. Her head ached worse than it had done with two black eyes. But she was rewarded by having a cloud of silver-fair, crackly hair, as clean as it was bright. She saw why Mr. Lynn had called it lovely now. She was rather careful about combing it after that. # 6 _O they rode on, and further on,_ _The steed went swifter than the wind,_ _Until they reached a desert wide_ _And living land was left behind._ _T HOMAS THE RHYMER_ Mr. Lynn had a new anorak. It was the first thing Polly saw when she opened the door to him. He had an altogether more prosperous look somehow. "Won't you come in?" she said politely. "No thanks," Mr. Lynn said, smiling all over his face. "I want to show you my horse." Polly locked the front door and hid the key for Ivy and went out into the street with Mr. Lynn. There was a small cream-yellow car nestling against the kerb, somewhat the shape of a teapot. He pointed to it proudly. "Like it?" Polly laughed. The car's number plate was TC 123. "Oh yes! A modern horse. And TC for Tan Coul." "Of course," agreed Mr. Lynn. "As soon as I saw the number plate, I knew I had to buy it. Hop in." He opened the passenger door for her and Polly climbed in, feeling very grand and relaxed in her new jeans and jacket. "I don't know what I'd have done," Mr. Lynn said, climbing in the other side, "if I'd failed my driving test. I only took it last Thursday, you see. I'd have had to call for you in a taxi. Now. Let's see. Choke, ignition, handbrake, check mirror. Do you want to know where we're going?" "Nowhere, of course," said Polly. They both laughed, Polly heartily and Mr. Lynn in his guilty, cut-off gulp. Then they tried to set off. At first the car would do nothing but plunge up and down on the spot. Mr. Lynn managed to get it moving and they went down the street in a series of jumps, like a kangaroo with hiccups. "Horse very restive," Mr. Lynn apologised. "Feeling its oats." He was rather pink by this time. He tried moving the gear lever. There was a mighty crashing sound. The car gave another leap, backwards this time, and stopped completely. "Oh dear," said Mr. Lynn, pinker still. "Polly, I'm sorry. I'm very nervous. The car knows." "Call it names," said Polly. "Like you did the horse." "No, you call _me_ names," said Mr. Lynn. "It's my fault." "All right then," said Polly. "I'll call you Tan Coul, trainee-hero of the West, and ironmonger and Thomas Piper, axefighter and giant-killer, and horse-tamer and someone who's going to kill dragons soon." This seemed to make Mr. Lynn feel better. The car snarled and started with a swoop, and they swept out into the centre of Middleton. There, after a number of interesting wobbles, they raced twice round the main square before Mr. Lynn could rein the car in enough to dive down the Gloucester Road. When he did, they howled swiftly out into the countryside, pausing only to miss a bus and skip the Miles Cross traffic lights. "This car really is that horse, in a way," Mr. Lynn said as they flashed past the last limit sign at sixty miles an hour. "After you'd gone, I went back to that circus to see if it was all right. And apparently that wasn't the first time it had gone on the rampage. They were saying it would have to be put down." "Oh no!" said Polly. "Just how I felt," said Mr. Lynn. "So I had a rush of blood to the head and said I'd buy it. I couldn't bear to think of it dead. I knew I was going to get about enough money from the orchestra's European tour—but they wouldn't wait that long, however much I argued. In the end I had to sell one of those pictures—" "Not the Chinese horse!" Polly exclaimed. "No, no," Mr. Lynn said, as shocked as she was. "That's too beautiful. No, I sold that picnic picture, which was the one I liked least. Laurel had been more generous than I'd realized—it turns out to have been a genuine Impressionist, and it fetched quite an awesome price. So I could afford to feed the horse once I'd bought it." "Where do you keep a horse in London?" Polly asked. "I don't," said Mr. Lynn. "The circus people put me in touch with a woman who boards horses out in the country. And she discovered why I'd bought Lorenzo—I'm afraid the horse is called Lorenzo—and offered to buy him off me. That's how I got the car. I paid for it with the money Mary Fields gave me for the horse. That's where I thought we'd go first. You'd like to see the horse again, wouldn't you?" "Yes," Polly said dubiously. "Are we going anywhere else?" Mr. Lynn gave his gulp of a laugh. "Stow-on-the
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do most people think of when they hear the words Punk Rock Some people may think of delinquents sporting dyed hair leather jackets and chains Although this may be true among some punk rock enthusiasts there is much more to punk music and culturePunk rock is believed to have originated in Great Britain and other parts of Europe Although there are no exact dates on punks creation it is believed to have started in the late 60s or early 70s Punk rock is a relatively new music trend but it has already created some well-known bands such as The Sex Pistols NoFx and Green Day Punk music was originally created by bands to help them express their feelings about the corrupted governments and other social problems in Europe This music is characterized by its high paced beat and sometimes offensive lyrics To be punk rock it has to be adrenaline packed and in your face The music used is usually very simple with extremely fast drumbeats and five chord guitar rifts Of course there are many talented artists that have contributed more elaborate tunes but for the most part they are kept simpleMany people associate this type of music with anarchists and trouble makers because of its underground nature but it does have an appeal among normal young adults Punk has gone from its primitive days of protesting the government to more excepted topics such as relationships and everyday events The music is still sometimes rebellious but it is always fun Many bands have turned to humor for inspiration for their songs which has created many bands that are very comicalClassical and Country music fans may never accept Punk Rock as real music because of its high speed and seemingly immature lyrics but Punk will always have its faithful audience Punk Rock attracts many unique individuals and has become an anthem for unaccepted groups such as skateboarders Skateboarding and Punk Rock have been unaccepted @Kibin is a lifesaver for my essay right now!! - Sandra Slivka, student @ UC Berkeley Wow, this is the best essay help I've ever received! - Camvu Pham, student @ U of M If I'd known about @Kibin in college, I would have gotten much more sleepPages Thursday, February 13, 2014 :: LOAD214 share :: This month I have been participating in LOAD214 (LayOut A Day Feb. 2014). What's that? Well, each day I get a prompt from the great Lain Ehmann, and that day (before midnight) I do the layout and upload it to a flicker gallery. Yep, a layout, in one day, twenty eight days in a row! I participated in my first LOAD last May and I made it quite far into the month before missing a day. So far this month (and it's almost half over) I haven't missed. Yes, this means that in 12 days I have completed at least 12 layouts (I have used two Project Life layouts for this fun game as well). I thought I would share a few with you now, and a few more later! Here we go… LOAD1 :: imperfect photo LOAD3 :: no title LOAD5 :: use something old (one itty bitty piece of paper is old) LOAD10 :: Black and White (no color) LOAD4 :: 30 minutes or less There's a taste of what I have made this month! Many of the other completed layouts are from projects that I am working on. I will share those in another post when the projects are completed. If you have any questions, ask in the comments and I'd be happy to respond! Thanks for stopping by! Subscribe To Follow by Email I design for... ^^^ This is an affiliate link, which means I earn a small commission when you follow the link and make a purchase. The opinions expressed on this site are still my own, and there is no cost to you to use this link.NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ—On January 31, agents with the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency arrested 37-year-old Javier Atlixqueno-Vaquero, a fugitive on their "most wanted" list, in New Brunswick. Atlixqueno-Vaquero was reportedly on the #2 spot on the dubious list of undocumented immigrants with serious criminal convictions that the government hopes to remove from the country. The Mexican citizen had reportedly been convicted of multiple felony charges, including sexually assaulting a minor. Atlixqueno-Vaquero was also convicted of "felony sale of hallucinogen/narcotic controlled substance," and "felony failure to appear," according to the ICE release. It's not clear where his crimes occurred, but the most wanted list says his "last known location" was Connecticut. Atlixqueno-Vaquero had been deported but managed to re-enter the United States, according to ICE. "He was ordered removed by an immigration judge May 7, 2004 and was removed from the U.S. to Mexico May 19, 2004. Atlixqueno unlawfully re-entered the U.S. at an unknown date," reads the official statement. A news release from the agency said that Atlixqueno-Vaquero, who also goes by the names Josue Solis Lopez and William Baez-Figueroa, was "recently added" to the most wanted list, which is maintained by ICE's Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) division. “A convicted felon and one of our most wanted fugitives; Mr. Atlixqueno-Vaquero is a threat no more and is in custody awaiting removal from the United States. I commend the hard work and dedication of our officers,” said John Tsoukaris, Field Office Director for ERO Newark. ICE spokesperson Alvin Phillips said that the arrest was made in the area of Easton Avenue and Courtlandt Street, which is located in the city's Sixth Ward. The official statement said that the arrest occurred after agents observed Atlixqueno-Vaquero "leaving his residence," implying that he was living in the neighborhood just three blocks from the flagship campus of Rutgers University. The agency credited their Newark-based "Fugitive Operations team," part of ERO, with making the arrest, as well as ICE's National Criminal Analysis and Targeting Center (NCATC) for providing "critical investigative support for this arrest, including criminal and intelligence analysis from a variety of sources." The arrest comes amid widespread fears that the city's sizable immigrant community–including hundreds or thousands of whom may be undocumented–could face detention or deportation, even if they have a clean criminal record. Those fears likely stem from Donald Trump's ascent to the nation's highest office, and concerns that the city government of Mayor James Cahill is not doing enough to protect otherwise law-abiding undocumented immigrants. The arrest took place eleven days after Trump took over for US President Barack Obama. Trump had promised to deport record numbers of immigrants and to build a wall along the US-Mexico border. In recent raids taking place across the country, ICE has arrested and detained hundreds of undocumented immigrants, including many who have not been accused of committing crimes. Just over a year earlier, ICE agents captured a young man living in New Brunswick who had not been charged with any crimes, later claiming that he was a "self-admitted" gang member.import React from 'react' import { Query, Mutation } from 'react-apollo' import { ROOT_QUERY } from './App' import { gql } from 'apollo-boost' const ADD_FAKE_USERS_MUTATION = gql` mutation addFakeUsers($count:Int!) { addFakeUsers(count:$count) { githubLogin name avatar } } ` const Users = () => <Query query={ROOT_QUERY} fetchPolicy="cache-and-network"> {({ data, loading, refetch }) => loading ? <p>loading users...</p> : <UserList count={data.totalUsers} users={data.allUsers} refetch={refetch} /> } </Query> const updateUserCache = (cache, { data:{ addFakeUsers } }) => { let data = cache.readQuery({ query: ROOT_QUERY }) data.totalUsers += addFakeUsers.length data.allUsers = [ ...data.allUsers, ...addFakeUsers ] cache.writeQuery({ query: ROOT_QUERY, data }) } const UserList = ({ count, users, refetch }) => <div> <p>{count} Users</p> <button onClick={() => refetch()}>Refetch</button> <Mutation mutation={ADD_FAKE_USERS_MUTATION} variables={{ count: 1 }} update={updateUserCache}> {addFakeUsers => <button onClick={addFakeUsers}>Add Fake User</button> } </Mutation> <ul> {users.map(user => <UserListItem key={user.githubLogin} name={user.name} avatar={user.avatar} /> )} </ul> </div> const UserListItem = ({ name, avatar }) =>
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for something so beautiful as love and sacrifice deserves such praise! Oh yes another dream of her, dancing with me in her evening ballroom dress, in my arms, as the smiling faces join hands with one another and watch us dance in such a lovely dream. her smile, such glory and so bright, it blocks out the rays of the powerful sun and can brighten the darkest of the Earth's four corners. another dream of her, that girl, that woman, that lady who stomped out the fire that was burning away at my angry heart, she gave faith to me, and now I give her that blessing of true love with another, for I take such notion of her being happy with another, than being with me and frowning. Sure, tears have been shed, and jealousy has killed good men's judgment, but such beauty as hers’ could kill a man. Another dream of her, my portrait lady, my lovely dream girl, my friend. What is mind thought determination? It is the sophisticated thoughts of a individual wit self-taught mental sophistications. It is the chemical mind thought process brain inspirational enhanced created word creations. It is the one thought that keeps your hopes from being eliminated by your own weak minded self-doubt double eliminations. It is the the thought that can turn your own pains into pleasure of our own sensified sensations. It is the thought that can turn you into a leader of tis lost generation to inspire my reservation and maybe even in others parts of this nation to get your own redemptive vindication of those who took away your aspirations. THIS WORLD IS YOURS FOR THE TAKNG. Mind thought determination is for your embracing not to be forsaken, you are your own movie in the making, let not your hope in the mind be shaken. MIND THOUGHT POWER over all tis senseless hating, we got to stop all our senseless chasing, you are forever a leader in this free world racing. If you locked up it don't matter how much time that you facing. INCARCERATION IS JUST A MIND THOUGHT METAPHOR FOR SELF-INFLICTED IMPOSED LIMITATIONS. It is the thought to use what is against you and turn your hateration into inspiration. IMPRISONMENT or EMPOWERMENT the choice is yours REINCARNATION over REHABILITATION. My mind has but one destination of all mankinds fascinations .....and that is to finally use my MIND THOUGHT DETERMINATION......... When is the time When is the time for unity I feel may be not too sooner Not Until we place love above all Known as God When is the time for peace I feel may be not yet now As it is our ignorance is like A wall in between the space Of our joy from love When is the time for joy Not until all human are Equal as one in love. When is the time for love I wish as I write The time is now For until then The world will finally Find here on earth the long Awaited heaven. Love jumped up one afternoon and as I sat reading a book, she kicking my door in and took me in a dream wonderland full of surreal life, and Salvador Dali was there, painting and Picasso sat smoking a cigarette, and thumbing his nose at Dali, but Dali smiled and kissed his feet. Love tugged me by the hand, as an impatient mother would do to her child in a candy shop. She showed me a cloud, and on that cloud was the twenty-seven club smoking weed and drinking whiskey and playing music, Jimi Hendrix playing his fender Stratocaster with his teeth, Jim Morrison and Janis Joplin singing away to a blues tone, Kurt Cobain and Robert Johnson were no where in sight though! And I sat with them and I talked with them and I played with them and I sang with them, and they loved me, and we were happy, and Love pulled me again and she kissed me on the lips, and showed me three people who had broken my heart, and they were dressed in grey and frowning, I did not laugh and I did not cry, I just stood and stared (they were ashamed to look at me,) Love pulled me into her own little place, on her own little cloud, I sat on a throne decorated with gems and rubies and their sat a table full of food and drink and Love came close to me and fed me and cuddled on me and kissed me and made me feel safe and secure. She was a beautiful goddess, that Love girl. She smiled and it made my heart jump and skip and she held me close and there I trusted her and trust I did to her. I closed my eyes and I feel asleep and dreamed about anything that I wanted to. Dream after dream of beautiful and glamorous things that made my head spin! Love was by my side the whole night and day, and there she was every single day, in what felt to be May and she sang a song; that made me dance and kiss her more and more. That day Love jumped up and kicked in my door, was the best thing that ever occurred to me. .1.24.2014. Allowance That is the true crime to my mind Allowing entrance of this Idea An Idea so intoxicating It Blinded Me Clouded Judgement Drove me through a Fog That I should've never gone through The Burning Light It was the only appeal I could see through the Fog The only thing that even enticed my interest Was it Fantasy? Most likely Fantasy Enshrouded with Arrogance of my own Design A Design So Flawed So Young It would have been the End of myself Had I continued after it Perhaps, allowing the boat to float on Was the best I did for my well being Staying Or Even Attempting to go Aboard Would have proven Fatal In possibly, the most dangerous of ways.. Metaphoric Maze Still damp from the wash of a waking dream I realize the pain from the past and how much its lied Although not by force I was led to believe in the dimmest of truths thus kept awash in grief All of the many things now remade as they truly were splendid things simple hidden treasure Grasping at the meaning from the other side of the murky metaphor is finally a thing not so futile It has always been worth the while even as the seconds have become long yet timeless years My epic life a work of art the masters of fate around me still hard at work in bliss and contempt As I look down on the tableau from where I’ve become the high road, I can see it very clearly now It has never been the easy path filled with twist, turns, danger, and despair but so worth it all Erected by cause and effect as a monument for later travelers to ponder as they reach for the summit Yes as feeble as it may seem the wizened ones were so right, the journey is its own reward I arose I arose from the fire And saw nothing but dust Swaying in the wind, which gust wildly from left to right And right to left I arose from the fire And saw no water; The lakes and oceans Dried up, like desert oasis In the plain silent seas of love I arose from heartbreak and sorrow, To await for me on the tops of golden caped mountains for me much more heartbreak and sorrow That arises with the flames, Follows not a storm of water, to sooth the sorrow, But more fire to endure the pain of heartbreak I arose to dust and ash In a nightmare called “life” And it was hell, It still is hell, But I still arise to a new day in hell. -11-16-2013- Coming on home, in a rain storm on the 4th of July, watching the neon colors of explosions blowing high up in the dark, purple sky spraying joy and happiness with designs of man's love and creation. Coming on home to a place that is warm in the heart, but cold in the mind of harsh memories and of brushed fingertips and slashed backs and broken bones and snapped spines; warm in the heart... coming home to my baby whose been gone for way too long, and it's time for her to come home now! Coming on home with a suitcase full of nothing, and a book full of nothing, and shoes and pants and a shirt and jacket filled with nothing, coming on home with nothing, nothing... at all- Brains full of nothing but wasted air and a mind full of broken dreams and worries that snap in a moment's notice without hesitation break my own back and snap my fingers and blind my eyes with lye and grin at me, as I come on home to nothing- Coming on home, homecoming, a crown and sash(Homecoming King and Queen) the
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[ 1]{} [ 1]{} $R_{z},x^{2},y^{2},z^{2},xy$ $\Gamma_{1}^{-}$ $B_{g}$ 1 -1 -1 [ 1]{} $R_{x},R_{y},xz,yz$ $\Gamma_{2}^{+}$ $A_{u}$ 1 [ 1]{} -1 -1 $z$ $\Gamma_{2}^{-}$ $B_{u}$ 1 -1 [ 1]{} -1 $x,y$ : \[character\]Character table for the point group $C_{2h}$ including basis functions of the irreducible representations. where $A_{g}$, $A_{u}$, $B_{g}$ and $B_{u}$ are signs of one-dimensional irreducible representations; $A$ and $B$ are used when the character of the major rotation operation is 1 or -1, respectively; the subscripts $ g (gerade)$ and $ u (ungerade)$ denote representations that are symmetric and antisymmetric with respect to the inversion operation if the point group has a center of inversion symmetry; $x$, $y$, and $z$ are components of polar vectors. From Table \[character\], we note that T’-MoS$_2$ has no two-dimensional irreducible representations, i.e., there is no degenerate optical modes at the center of BZ, which distinctively differs from that of H- and T-MoS$_2$.[@Wieting1971; @JimenezSandoval1991; @Cai2014; @Zhang2015] $C_{2h}$ $ E$ $ C_{2}$ $\sigma_{h}$ $i$ ---------------------------- -------- ---------- -------------- ----- $ \chi _{\rm{vector}}$ [ 3]{} -1 1 -3 $ \chi _{\rm{equivalent}}$ [ 6]{} 0 6 0 $ \chi _{\rm{vibration}}$ 18 0 6 0 : \[Reduced Representation\] Characters of vector, equivalent, and vibration representations for T’-MoS$_2$. We classify the lattice vibrational modes of T’-MoS$_2$ at $\Gamma$ by group theory according to the irreducible representations of C$_{2h}$. Characters of atomic displacement vector representations, primitive cell equivalent representations, and lattice vibration representations of T’-MoS$_2$ are shown in Table \[Reduced Representation\]. These representations can be reduced into the irreducible representations summarized in Table \[character\]: $$\begin{aligned} % \nonumber to remove numbering (after each equation) \label{eq4} \Gamma _{\rm{vector}}&= 1{A_u} \oplus 2{B_u},\\ \label{eq5} \Gamma _{\rm{equivalent}}& = 3{A_g}\oplus3{B_u},\\ \label{eq6} \Gamma _{\rm{vibration}} &=\Gamma_{\rm{equivalent}}\otimes\Gamma_{\rm{vector}}\nonumber\\ &=(3{A_g}\oplus3{B_u})\otimes( 1{A_u} \oplus 2{B_u})\nonumber \\ &=3{A_u} \oplus 6{B_u} \oplus 3{B_g} \oplus 6{A_g},\end{aligned}$$ where $\Gamma _{\rm{vector}}$, $\Gamma _{\rm{equivalent}}$, and $\Gamma _{\rm{vibration}}$ are the symmetry representations of atomic displacement vector, the equivalent representations of the primitive cell and the symmetry representations of lattice vibration at the zone center of BZ, respectively. The symmetry representation of lattice vibration is equal to the direct product of the symmetry representations of atomic displacement vector and the equivalent representations of the primitive cell.[@Dresselhaus2007group] This symmetry representation of lattice vibration includes eighteen phonon modes entirely and can be further decomposed into the representations of acoustic and optical modes as follows: $$\begin{aligned} % \nonumber to remove numbering (before each equation) \label{eq7} \Gamma _{\rm{acoustic}}& =A_{u} \oplus 2B_{u},\\ \label{eq8} \Gamma _{\rm{optical}} &= 2{A_u} \oplus 4{B_u} \oplus 6{A_g} \oplus 3{B_g}, \end{aligned}$$ where the acoustic modes include one $A_{u}$ and two $B_{u}$ modes, all their frequencies are identical to zero; the rest of the fifteen nonzero frequency modes belong to optical modes. The six optical modes of odd parity (2$A_{u}$ and 4$B_{u}$) are IR active, the other nine optical modes of even parity (6$A_{g}$ and 3$B_{g}$) are R active. The R and IR modes are mutually exclusive in T’-MoS$_2$ phase because of the presence of inversion symmetry in the crystal. It is also worth pointing out that the above symmetry analyses is suitable for all T’ phase of 2D TMD, namely, T’-MX$_2$ with M=(Mo, W) and X=(S, Se, and Te). For easy identifying T’-MoS$_2$ from a Raman optical spectral experiment, we compare the R modes of T’-MoS$_2$ with those of H- and T-MoS$_2$.[@Cai2014; @Zhang2015] It can be found that both H and T phase of MoS$_2$ have two-dimensional $E$ ($E'$ and $E_{g}$) modes, while T’ phase has only one-dimensional modes, no two-dimensional $E$ mode. This means that if one detects the $E$ mode in a Raman optical spectral experiment on a MoS$_2$ monolayer, it coud not be in T’ phase. In addition, since the presence of inversion symmetry both in atomic structures of T- and T’-MoS$_2$, according to exclusion principle, the R modes in these two phase must be $g$ modes, where T phase has both one- and two-dimensional $g$ modes ($A_1g$ and $E_{g}$) but T’ phase has only one-dimensional $g$ modes ($A_{g}$ and $B_{g}$). In H-MoS$_2$, however, there is no inversion symmetry and thus no $g$ or $u$ mode. Thus, we may draw the conclusion that if one finds some one-dimensional but no two-dimensional R modes of $g$ symmetry in a Raman optical spectral experiment on a MoS$_2$ monolayer, then this MoS$_2$ monolayer is probable in T’ phase. ### Eigenfrequency and eigenvector of optical modes For comparing quantitatively with optical spectra experiments, we compute the eigenfrequency of the fifteen optical modes by phonopy. In Table \[IR-Raman\], the fifteen optical modes with frequency are grouped by their irreducible representations and optical activity, where bold Arabic numbers represent the optical modes, which ordering are according to their frequencies from low to high. T’-MoS$_2$ structure can be identified and characterized based on Table \[IR-Raman\] in future optical spectra experiments. ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- $A_{\rm{g}}$ $ B _{\rm{g}}$ $A_{\rm{u}}$ $B _{\rm{u}}$ **5**(143.267) **4**(138.905) **8**(210.225) **9**(238.132) **6**(206.684) **7**(207.684) **12**(271.867) **10**(262.733) **13**(276.776) **11**(270.917) **16**(338.798) **14**(314.290) **18**(451.503) **15**(337.570) **17**(398.414) ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- : \[IR-Raman\]Classification of the fifteen optical modes in T’-MoS$_2$ according to irreducible representations and optical activity, where the optical modes are denoted by bold Arabic number from **4** to **18**, their frequencies are given in parentheses in the unit of cm$^{-1}$. Besides, the vibrational eigenvector of the IR and R modes are also illustrated in Fig. \[IR-modes-MoS2\] and Fig. \[R-modes-MoS2\]. For IR modes, as can be seen in Fig. \[IR-modes-MoS2\], both the two $A_{u}$ modes **8**(210.225) and **12**(271.867) are vibrating along in-plane directions, while only one $B_{u}$ mode **18**(451.503) which is of the highest frequency, vibrates perpendicular to crystal plane. For IR modes, from Fig. \[R-modes-MoS2\] we find that all the three $B_{g}$ modes **4**(138.905), **7**(207.684) and **11**(270.917) are in-plane vibrations, while none of the six $A_{g}$ modes is vibrating along purely in-plane or out-plane direction. The vibration direction of IR and R active modes is vital for
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the main way to expose things to JavaScript etc. Disc brake systems are commonly use on a front axle of most vehicles because they are effective in stopping a vehicle. In such systems, a bearing assembly is fixed to a wheel hub that is bolted to a knuckle member, a brake rotor is thereafter attached to the wheel hub and a caliper that is bolted to the knuckle member spans the rotor. The knuckle member is pivotally attached to the frame of the vehicle and a caliper is bolted to the knuckle to locate first and second friction members on opposite sides of the rotor to define a corner assembly. During braking the friction members are moved into engagement with corresponding braking surfaces on the rotor to effect a brake application. Unfortunately, while the individual manufacturing tolerance of the various components that make up a corner assembly may be within desired limits when the tolerances are combined or added together a relationship may occur wherein a hub mounting surface on the wheel hub for the rotor and/or braking surface on the rotor are not in perpendicular alignment with the axis of the wheel bearing. A process has been disclosed in co-pending application Ser. No. 10/904,202 wich has been allowed and is drawn to manufacturing a modular corner assembly wherein surfaces on a wheel hub and knuckle are primarily machined in a single fixture to maintain a perpendicular relationship between the wheel hub and knuckle.New Delhi: Indian Mujahideen (IM) wasplanning to carry out terror strikes in Muzaffarnagar town of Western Uttar Pradesh in retaliation to communal riots that had taken place in the region, Delhi Police sources said here on Wednesday. This came out in an email message found in the laptop of Ajaz Sheikh, a key IM operative, recently arrested by Delhi Police, which was supposed to have been sent via proxy servers after the planned retailatory attacks, in the manner such a mail had been sent following the Jama Masjid and Varanasi blasts in 2010, said the sources. The mail also had 'Al Arabi' signature which was the hallmark of earlier similar mails taking responsibility of terrorist strikes by the homegrown terror outfit, they added. The mail mentions a series of communal riots which had taken place in various cities of Uttar Pradesh, said the sources. Sources also said the email was a scanned copy which was drafted by Sheikh's Pakistan-based handlers Riyaz Bhatkal and Mohsin Chowdhary. The duo had fled to Pakistan after the Batla House encounter here. Sheikh is the brother-in-law of Chowdhary and directly took commands from these two from across the border. Sheikh (27) had sent anonymous mails to media houses claiming responsibility for Jama Masjid and Varanasi blasts in 2010. He was arrested on September 5 from outside Saharanpur railway station in western Uttar Pradesh by a team of Delhi Police's Special Cell following a specific tip-off. A resident of Pune in Maharashtra, Sheikh was a India-based techie, logistics man and hawala router of IM. Besides sending e-mails, Sheikh used to provide logistics to IM operatives in India and prepared fake identities required by them for procuring mobile SIM cards, collecting foreign money transfers, obtaining rooms on rent and even in getting enrolled in professional educational institutions as a cover, police said.Pages Friday, April 6, 2012 Friday Open Thread! I figured it was high time we had one of these, readers. Topics may include--but are certainly not limited to: Everyone's favorite: whatcha sewing this weekend? I'm working on my white eyelet sundress. I'm temporarily sewing at the dining room table, since I'm still painting the floor in my sewing room! I have the base coats down, now for the lace stencil. I'm also craving an eyelet shell with hot pink cigarette pants, as in the new Banana Republic Mad Men campaign. Speaking of Mad Men. Are you watching the new season? What did you think of Betty's weight gain storyline? I kind of loved it. Betty is the last character we would expect to "let herself go" (I hate that phrase) and it provides a new twist for a character who wants to be perceived as perfect. Also, that rose print silk blouse she's wearing in the photo above? I have some of that fabric! In pink! I got it at Mood last year. Seasonal sewing. Are you just starting your summer sewing (or winter, depending on your hemisphere), or are you one of those clever people who plans way ahead? Fabric Softener. Do you use it? Since I now have a washer and dryer (hallelujah!), these are the kinds of things I think about. I don't really like dryer sheets since they leave a greasy residue sometimes. But I hate static cling, so I don't want to go without. I'm now using liquid stuff for the first time--Mrs. Meyer's lavender scent (which smells amazing, even Jeff thinks so). I'm still noticing a bit of static sometimes though. Pre-washing. I've been on a mission to pre-wash every cotton in my stash (no small feat) and it's become a sort of obsession (apparently I love doing laundry). Do you pre-wash when you buy your fabric, or right before you use it? 84 comments: I prewash everything before it even enters my sewing room. LOL The only exceptions are some polyesters and dry clean fabrics. I'm bad and don't pretreat those in anyway. Granted, very little of what I sew falls into that category (I don't even have many RTW garments like that). And I almost never sew with wool (I'm mildly allergic). Some things (like denim) get prewashed several times before I fold them. I want everything ready to go when the mood strikes and I have the time! I'm just a novice seamstress, but I'm really proud of this sewing project I just recently accomplished. Using a vintage 1940s dress found at a thrift store, I made a pattern using leftover freezer paper from last fall's turkey slaughter day. I picked up this FAB black & white diamond pattern cotton fabric from the craft store, and sewed myself a new version of the thrift store dress! Then, I created a matching "Mad Hattress" hat using buckram, millinery wire, and fabric scraps from the dress (I also decorated the hat with a curled pheasant feather). This outfit is probably the sewing project that I am the most proud of! You can view the finished dress & hat here on my blog: http://apothecaryinn.blogspot.com/2012/03/mad-hattress-takes-on-medford.html - sewing this weekend: samples for an upcoming wedding show. Surrounded by that awful ironed muslin smell.- Mad Men and Betty's weight gain: LOVE it. So great to see smart writers not playing according to the "blondes are always thin and pretty" rule. Can't wait to see where this season takes Betty's character. - Season sewing: I usually start sewing for spring/summer in march. So far I've done a few blouses, tops and skirts. Starting skirts and dresses next week. My dress closet it getting completely out-of-hand but I can't stop.- Fabric Softener: don't use it due to my toddler's allergies. - Pre-washing: I tend to buy fabrics in bulk and pre-wash them as soon as I get home. Otherwise I always forget and I HATE getting excited over a new sewing project and having start off by doing laundry. Yup, have got myself into the habit of chucking fabrics into the washing machine as soon as I get them home. Then I know it's all ready to go. And yes - separate washing machine and drier rocks - get all the laundry out of the way faster! I don't use dryer sheets either, because they work by leaving residue, but I recently learned that I could throw a ball of aluminum foil in the dryer to reduce static. If you have a garment that has static cling after it comes out of the dryer, you can run a wire hangar along it to conduct the charge out. Similarly, if you found yourself out and about with static cling, you can pin a couple of safety pins into the hems, and it will conduct the charge out. I'm still a novice but I'm currently trying to sew a button up shirt for my son. It's the first time I try a pleat, buttonholes, a pocket... basically all of it! I accomplished about half of it last night and I'm going to try to finish tonight. I'm quite proud of what I've done so far. :) As for pre-washing my fabric, I like to wash it when I get it home so I can keep track of what is washed and what is not. With three kids that isn't always feasible though! I am in the middle of university exams so sadly the goal is not to sew this weekend. If I don't prewash as soon as I get home I won't remember if i have or not! Spring/Summer sewing is my favorite and thus I basically sew summer dresses all year round. Warm weather just means to opportunity to finally wear what I have sewn over the winter. Currently though I am designing a 1960's inspired dress for some thai silk I got as a gift. Gertie - to avoid the static cling & save some money make some dryer balls! Find a local yarn shop, go searching through the sale basket
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MTV star wrote. “In a world full of ignorance and wrongdoing I’m happy to say my daughter knows her truth and has strength in that beyond the ignorance.” Image zoom Derek Underwood and Farrah Abraham Source: Farrah Abraham Facebook Abraham alleged a former employer of her’s and her mother, Debra Danielsen, attempted to use Underwood’s “loss as their gain.” “This year I saw an employer longtime production and my mother try to use my loss as their gain for heartache and to act as though they cared about my health and supported the struggles of the loss of Derek I go through,” she wrote. “But for years they could not let it be at peace as nothing needs to be relived and this year of review has spoken for those who can not live life peacefully with you and support your growth and are not excited for your future and living better, happier, healthier are no longer welcome.” RELATED VIDEO: Teen Mom OG’s Tyler Baltierra Responds After Farrah Abraham Accuses Him of Being Gay The mother of one thanked Underwood’s spirit for “always watching over us,” adding that she and Sophia were enjoying a trip to Hong Kong that he “would love.”Hardik Pandya has played several innings which have helped the Indian Cricket Team to post a good total on the board. But above all, his magnificent inning of 78 runs off 72 balls against Australia in the third ODI at the Holkar Stadium in Indore will be remembered forever. In 2007, India became the World Champions of T20s and after 10 years, Pandya played a historic inning which helped India to beat Australia in a bilateral series. After winning the toss, Australia put a challenging score of 293 runs on the board. David Warner (42), Aaron Finch (124) and Steven Smith (63) altogether gave a terrific start but towards the end, Indian bowlers made a good comeback and restricted the Aussies under 300 runs. In return, Indian openers started smashing the Aussie bowling attack right from the beginning. Though there were some hiccups in between after skipper Virat Kohli and Kedhar lost their wicket. But Pandya covered all the losses and emerged as the ruler of the game with his destructive batting. Meanwhile, people on Twitter didn’t lose a chance to praise Pandya’s inning and the way they hailed the young Indian all-rounder is worth giving a read: I am enjoying watching the development of Hardik Pandya as a cricketer. Ability not in question but growth in temperament admirableAfter the resurrection of Jesus Christ, the next generation of theologians emerged with objections to the original gospels. First we see is that of Justin and Theophilus in 100 – 165 AD. They attempted to understand the revelation of Jesus Christ through the philosophical paradigm of the day. According to a scholarly article by Wallace and Green, the conclusion of this new interpretation was that Christianity was more of a “new law or philosophy and Christ another God inferior to the highest God”. (Elwell 2001, 241) The baptism of Jesus by John makes it clear that Jesus was the Son of God. Jesus attested to his equality with the Father when he said in John 14:9 “those that have seen me have seen the Father”. (Zondervan 2002, 1658)1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for performing a functional test of a position measuring system, which in the course of scanning a scale by a position measuring unit generates position values, and to a position measuring system for executing the method. 2. Discussion of Related Art A position measuring system includes a position detection unit for the generation of positional data words, which are fed to a processing unit of the position measuring system and from which position values are generated in the processing unit. Here, the generation of the positional data words by means of a position detection unit takes place by scanning, for example optical scanning, of a scale (measuring graduation) by a measuring transducer device of the position detection unit during a relative movement of the position detection unit with respect to the scale. If, for example, the measuring transducer device is operated in a known manner in accordance with a magnetic or optical scanning principle, it includes magnetic detectors or optical detectors (photo-detectors), which in the course of scanning the associated scale (measuring graduation) generate electrical signals, which are passed on to the processing unit in the form of digital positional data words for generating position values. By arranging the position detection unit, on the one hand, and the scale on the other, respectively on two objects which are movable with respect to each other, for example in the form of machine elements of a machine tool, it is possible to detect the respective position of the one object in relation to the other object, and this, as a function of the type of the scale, either in the form of an absolute position (when using a scale formed by a code track), or in the form of relative position changes (when using an incremental periodic measuring graduation of the scale). The position measuring system can be designed for longitudinal measurements, on the one hand or, on the other for angle measurements, depending on the type of the movement of the two objects in relation to each other. To assure that the position values generated from the positional data words in the processing unit, which are to be passed on for evaluation to an evaluation unit (electronic follow-up device) arranged downstream of the position measuring system, are not distorted because of electronic malfunctions or interferences, a functional test is performed in the course of position measuring in that at least one control value is generated in the position measuring system in addition to the position values, which has a specific mathematical interrelationship with one of the position values, wherein a correction factor is introduced into this mathematical interrelationship, which is stored in a memory of the position measuring system. The control value, together with the position values, is transmitted to the evaluation unit (electronic follow-up device) arranged downstream of the position measuring system, which can be, for example, a component of a machine control device, which controls a machine tool as a function of the position values generated in the position measuring system. For this purpose it is possible in connection with the evaluation unit and, in some applications even with the position measuring system itself, to form values composed of or derived from several individual position values such as, for example, speed values as a change of the individual position values over time, and acceleration values as a change of the individual speed values over time. In this case the term “position values” is also intended to include the values respectively composed of or derived from several individual position values, such as speed, acceleration and jolts. However, the main field of application is the transmission of individual position values in the narrower sense from the position measuring system to the evaluation unit, so that then possibly further values, such as speed and acceleration, for example, can be formed from them, which are required for the control or regulation of a machine. A check is also made in the evaluation unit (electronic follow-up device) whether the expected mathematical interrelationship exists between the control value and the associated position value, and this is done by using the correction value stored in the memory of the position measuring system, which is transmitted to the electronic follow-up device for this purpose. Thus, the position values generated in a position measuring system, for example, are regularly charged with an offset in the form of a so-called zero point shift before the respective position value is passed on to the electronic follow-up device. By this it is possible to create a definite reference position (a so-called zero position) for every type of the arrangement of the position measuring system on the machine tool or the like. As a rule, a suitable zero point shift is defined in the course of the initial start-up of a position measuring system. Besides the position values charged with the zero point shift, second position values, called control values, which are not charged with the zero point shift and each of which relates to the same measured position value (i.e. the same positional data word) as each (actual) position value charged with the zero point shift, can be created in the position measuring system. In this case the respective control value and the associated position value are preferably generated independently of each other. By transmitting the position values charged with the zero point shift, as well as the control values not charged with the zero point shift, to an electronic follow-up device arranged downstream of the position measuring system, it is possible to perform there a comparison between the individual position values and a respectively associated (i.e. not related to the same positional data word generated by the measuring transducer device) control value. By comparing control values and position values which are associated with each other in the electronic follow-up device it is possible to check whether the expected mathematical interrelationship exists between them, and this while using the correction value introduced into this mathematical interrelationship, which is read out of the memory of the position measuring system for this purpose. However, in the course of this functional test it is not possible to detect those errors which are based on a hardware defect of certain memory cells of the memory of the position measuring system. A distortion of the correction value because of a hardware defect in the memory of the position measuring system has the same effect on the generation of the control value in the position measuring system as during the subsequent check of the mathematical interrelationship between a position value and the associated control value in the downstream arranged electronic follow-up device.Q: Characters to force sql sort to the end I have the following values: is_flagged name 0 Titanic 1 Avatar 0 Jesse 0 トゥー・フォー・ザ・マネ
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7419, 13, 285, 352, 32751, 690, 15840, 846, 24396, 15, 187, 187, 1835, 50275, 424, 2347, 281, 7890, 247, 17175, 1515, 15894, 424, 187, 187, 424, 1992, 1616, 247, 4450, 323, 2831, 47533, 26359, 2186, 253, 6278, 1411, 253, 5024, 273, 253, 43983, 342, 253, 1481, 12623, 13, 840, 897, 253, 5024, 273, 253, 15096, 281, 7102, 634, 29514, 15, 7890, 253, 6016, 434, 5329, 3272, 5024, 281, 1616, 16431, 323, 278, 2562, 12176, 15, 187, 187, 424, 1992, 1616, 247, 1386, 7529, 424, 281, 253, 5024, 273, 247, 4450, 13, 5569, 253, 15096, 387, 253, 6799, 6814, 13, 840, 2186, 253, 9092, 273, 253, 29514, 2112, 253, 990, 273, 253, 15096, 347, 368, 14518, 253, 4968, 2112, 253, 43983, 15, 831, 310, 4217, 672, 26099, 10313, 3104, 327, 3497, 285, 3369, 480, 1369, 84, 15, 187, 187, 424, 1992, 2451, 323, 6278, 26359, 873, 253, 15096, 273, 247, 6278, 26363, 342, 253, 990, 273, 253, 43983, 285, 873, 253, 1481, 26363, 342, 581, 5024, 15, 1310, 253, 990, 310, 247, 2032, 5091, 35718, 627, 588, 417, 320, 247, 8037, 875, 253, 15096, 285, 253, 43983, 15, 187, 187, 1835, 50275, 424, 2347, 281, 7890, 247, 416, 6438, 15894, 424, 187, 187, 424, 1992, 1616, 6907, 12176, 26359, 1899, 253, 1218, 699, 6278, 434, 26376, 1127, 1411, 253, 5024, 273, 253, 43983, 13, 285, 873, 253, 4968, 594, 253, 6799, 6907, 26099, 310, 15616, 342, 253, 1072, 5024, 15, 1810, 29798, 247, 1386, 281, 1616, 253, 6907, 327, 253, 43983, 15, 2884, 532, 253, 4968, 689, 281, 1616, 14636, 275, 253, 7285, 3884, 15, 187, 187, 424, 1992, 1616, 2831, 43969, 26359, 1659, 247, 1218, 699, 6278, 434, 5439, 5024, 26363, 342, 581, 5024, 273, 253, 4450, 13, 285, 897, 253, 20277, 5024, 281, 7102, 634, 29514, 15, 1623, 4618, 16431, 13, 368, 1833, 878, 281, 19153, 253, 6278, 281, 253, 4450, 434, 643, 5024, 281, 9017, 253, 1386, 2439, 253, 4450, 15, 187, 187, 424, 1992, 7102, 247, 13765, 3047, 424, 672, 2403, 2831, 43969, 13, 806, 8495, 253, 15096, 273, 253, 3047, 342, 634, 9968, 1386, 15, 1284, 368, 2624, 13, 2186, 253, 5439, 5024, 273, 253, 6278, 1411, 253, 2914, 5024, 273, 253, 43983, 285, 253, 20277, 5024, 26363, 342, 253, 3174, 273, 253, 3047, 15, 187, 187, 4118, 50275, 424, 1773, 6713, 424, 187, 187, 11244, 11859, 281, 1056, 4891, 3174, 723, 326, 588, 1329, 253, 2801, 273, 253, 12595, 15, 1716, 6713, 323, 3174, 723, 310, 1160, 432, 247, 7802, 273, 2245, 1373, 19165, 13, 7537, 13, 285, 25319, 33791, 313, 11199, 281, 337, 14, 8313, 3, 275, 9080, 481, 1422, 476, 4489, 15284, 4508, 841, 6079, 4753, 5398, 2658, 387, 3652, 12127, 15, 1198, 4067, 8322, 13, 4489, 4704, 14, 37340, 11859, 275, 19150, 16665, 326, 368, 476, 36734, 281, 253, 2628, 2670, 390, 13, 323, 1077, 1781, 8322, 13, 1908, 15824, 4704, 14, 37340, 2144, 432, 247, 11859, 2567, 326, 588, 7257, 352, 313, 2887, 7285, 3239, 481, 187, 187, 2214, 954, 12595, 6493, 13, 12480, 634, 1211, 11859, 310, 3477, 285, 27296, 15, 46752, 5398, 2658, 15284, 342, 1824, 1563, 253, 11662, 434, 7997, 275, 247, 9530, 2009, 736, 390, 342, 247, 1612, 33947, 13, 2130, 387, 19272, 12127, 15, 9018, 897, 247, 7898, 7351, 273, 6079, 5398, 2658, 11859, 984, 253, 9410, 6403, 626, 25356, 5939, 4768, 253, 7351, 15, 187, 187, 510, 13418, 19840, 2708, 1918, 16851, 14118, 273, 11859, 15, 1422, 778, 452, 247, 1355, 2408, 273, 11859, 1669, 689, 846, 31226, 3174, 723, 390, 22298, 25297, 15, 187, 187, 424, 7420, 14, 4008, 11859, 44938, 268, 4670, 424, 403, 2130, 387, 3652, 12127, 323, 897, 835, 1980, 16790, 330, 3180, 1053, 626, 2430, 21986, 3174, 723, 15, 1583, 403, 3782, 4217, 327, 1698, 14, 14729, 37414, 984, 3371, 1346, 476, 320, 4845, 3587, 275, 253, 41339, 4447, 275, 253, 18753, 27164, 15, 367, 4670, 943, 320, 4845, 327, 247, 3828, 273, 8566, 917, 33791, 15, 2091, 253, 268, 4670, 403, 908, 281, 1329, 9319, 13, 897, 1501, 44791, 22491, 264, 281, 253, 268, 4670, 15, 187, 187, 1835, 50275, 424, 9263, 3184, 708, 22347, 272, 1716, 6713, 424, 187, 187, 424, 37517, 5398, 2658, 15284, 273, 6079, 11859, 323, 1355, 7375, 6019, 329, 3925, 14, 24780, 15, 7351, 10513, 670, 24142, 273, 247, 23664, 3174, 273, 11859, 15, 329, 5091, 14, 24780, 15, 7351, 10513, 670, 374, 16, 20, 273, 247, 23664, 3174, 15, 187, 187, 424, 51, 290, 247, 1612, 19165, 33947, 424, 323, 4067, 13483, 273, 5398, 2658, 15284, 15, 733, 43709, 374, 281, 577, 15284, 387, 247, 673, 313, 7955, 1946, 327, 253, 1979, 273, 253, 33947, 10, 4541, 285, 16575, 15, 187, 187, 424, 37517, 4704, 14, 37340, 11859, 323, 4067, 7375, 6019, 6572, 6731, 16665, 403, 2130, 387, 19272, 12127, 285, 403, 4211, 407, 253, 23664, 15789, 15, 2596, 23664, 15789, 18207, 3435, 23664, 4669, 15, 187, 187, 424, 37517, 4704, 14, 37340, 11859, 424, 285, 452, 352, 8549, 323, 6493, 10568, 1077, 1781, 8322, 15, 6676, 28265, 452, 29131, 327, 616, 21510, 594, 597, 476, 6531, 11859, 3587, 715, 3174, 723, 390, 13229, 8593, 13, 3738, 597, 778, 4179, 4465, 323, 436, 2579, 15, 187, 187, 1835, 50275, 424, 2347, 281, 11568, 708, 27808, 5779, 12867, 723, 424, 187, 187, 424, 19224, 11385, 323, 1501, 3174, 723, 424, 342, 247, 502, 1317, 14440, 2836, 1063, 390, 247, 1612, 14688, 254, 13, 1399, 2158, 253, 11385, 327, 253, 12806, 36309, 15, 1198, 11385, 12861, 685, 4791, 995, 897, 247, 1612, 14688, 254, 15, 187, 187, 424, 30563, 253, 7793, 6864, 6019, 11629, 3652, 11646, 13199, 253, 6864, 273, 3174, 723, 15, 18665, 1977, 5202, 11465, 13, 604, 3309, 13, 970, 247, 819, 25004, 3047, 15, 187, 187, 424, 47656, 374, 281, 495, 3, 273, 13155, 33791, 424, 275, 253, 5004, 273, 1016, 44938, 7793, 15, 10672, 652, 588, 2085, 26111, 762, 11859, 3174, 723, 15, 187, 187, 424, 4717, 374, 3, 281, 253, 7793, 6864, 424, 594, 326, 253, 3174, 723, 588, 320, 1840, 3216, 1268, 15, 18665, 11859, 9402, 4948, 281, 2978, 13, 970, 247, 33704, 839, 3047, 390, 247, 3564, 1403, 15, 10338, 2119, 253, 2624, 310, 4951, 15, 187, 187, 424, 26698, 17080, 715, 253, 44938, 11385, 26359, 6108, 670, 374, 3, 273, 9402, 1840, 3216, 1268, 15, 7890, 247, 1268, 281, 1056, 2119, 253, 27164, 273, 253, 17080, 403, 1268, 15, 18715, 253, 8825, 1475, 253, 17080, 281, 2186, 731, 275, 1659, 15, 187, 187, 424, 35394, 6079, 12696, 323, 11859, 424, 275, 247, 9530, 2009, 736, 970, 247, 288, 3703, 15, 187, 187, 424, 5232, 247, 19781, 275, 253, 4055, 424, 273, 253, 6079, 11859, 7802, 15, 32151, 314, 6531, 247, 1355, 2408, 273, 1824, 715, 253, 19781, 13, 285, 19310, 275, 253, 6079, 7802, 342, 247, 288, 3703, 15, 187, 187, 424, 4717, 625, 1824, 13237, 26359, 12480, 16575, 1919, 253, 11859, 310, 5882, 2217, 281, 2186, 697, 5281, 672, 25530, 342, 247, 246, 736, 293, 15, 187, 187, 424, 47656, 253, 11859, 7808, 715, 253, 9402, 830, 26359, 26766, 253, 11859, 432, 253, 9530, 2009, 736, 342, 247, 42553, 15, 36529, 670, 2716, 273, 253, 830, 970, 247, 1048, 7356, 281, 50149, 253, 11859, 13, 12868, 667, 2329, 18388, 275, 253, 44938, 15, 2635, 8416, 31226, 285, 246, 42956, 11859, 715, 253, 830, 15, 187, 187, 424, 13019, 253, 11859, 424, 407, 14252, 247, 374, 6806, 577, 2439, 253, 1755, 273, 253, 9402, 830, 970, 247, 3047, 272, 3200, 15, 5733, 11859, 281, 667, 1698, 13977, 15, 6724, 466, 253, 278, 1187, 434, 11559, 327, 253, 7074, 19184, 13, 285, 761, 248, 777, 253, 6341, 15, 187, 187, 424, 26698, 247, 500, 14, 45296, 387, 271, 6907, 424, 715, 253, 9685, 11859, 387, 253, 4055, 273, 253, 44938, 15, 187, 187, 424, 25216, 253, 500, 14, 45296, 7808, 715, 253, 11859, 26359, 259, 20878, 1981, 352, 5777, 281, 13469, 667, 2329, 18388, 15, 187, 187, 424, 4531, 253, 500, 14, 45296, 424, 594, 1191, 124, 281, 337, 3, 310, 7329, 1840, 253, 11859, 15, 2652, 2345, 1977, 667, 9685, 11859, 327, 253, 22491, 17059, 342, 271, 1711, 15205, 36511, 15, 187, 187, 424, 11244, 247, 499, 3561, 33131, 424, 281, 1056, 2119, 253, 500, 14, 45296, 310, 15471, 4555, 387, 253, 4055, 273, 253, 1501, 4328, 15, 187, 187, 424, 11244, 247, 41007, 80, 1268, 424, 281, 1056, 2119, 253, 500, 14, 45296, 310, 499, 3561, 15, 1310, 3309, 13, 4575, 253, 22491, 285, 1234, 471, 253, 11859, 15, 1281, 253, 11859, 16498, 13, 840, 2624, 1977, 253, 7329, 5110, 273, 253, 9402, 342, 247, 11839, 12798, 15, 187, 187, 1835, 50275, 424, 2347, 281, 28771, 743, 27918, 16001, 1641, 342, 10643, 9356, 424, 187, 187, 424, 4553, 253, 11859, 44938, 424, 556, 29025, 387, 1878, 5693, 3038, 285, 253, 22491, 8593, 452, 644, 3413, 13, 21353, 247, 7793, 323, 253, 41139, 12591, 970, 247, 24627, 21353, 285, 247, 278, 1187, 610, 2372, 25180, 281, 3761, 253, 9080, 273, 253, 12591, 15, 10338, 253, 9118, 11385, 970, 247, 3885, 6278, 281, 8495, 253, 21353, 15, 6618, 253, 6864, 11206, 273, 253, 21353, 594, 326, 1191, 124, 281, 337, 3, 273, 253, 12591, 588, 26322, 2496, 1840, 253, 44938, 2553, 15, 187, 187, 424, 11244, 247, 8979, 12124, 424, 281, 5386, 253, 22896, 21593, 15, 24373, 253, 7793, 16575, 970, 247, 1048, 13, 6906, 1789, 13, 824, 347, 247, 6891, 15096, 11598, 17440, 13, 281, 2343, 5458, 253, 21593, 15, 1310, 253, 2553, 3548, 626, 4076, 13, 253, 42018, 1912, 626, 5533, 18648, 342, 253, 11859, 15, 6004, 8491, 253, 41139, 12591, 281, 1056, 2176, 352, 588, 5669, 281, 253, 1463, 6864, 15, 187, 187, 424, 43496, 44790, 11173, 424, 1475, 253, 1755, 1191, 124, 281, 337, 3, 273, 253, 41139, 12591, 15, 831, 588, 1361, 368, 5669, 352, 281, 253, 1463, 6864, 285, 4017, 253, 17059, 432, 42018, 15, 496, 720, 42018, 715, 253, 7793, 970, 253, 12480, 40674, 2530, 407, 253, 11662, 15, 7890, 2217, 42018, 594, 247, 1355, 2408, 310, 6726, 432, 253, 7793, 672, 253, 12591, 310, 4751, 13400, 15, 36978, 253, 12591, 715, 253, 7793, 342, 247, 37871, 3200, 347, 3517, 347, 253, 42018, 310, 13945 ]
scale that manufacturers use to size nails was developed centuries ago as an approximation of the number of pennies it would take to buy 100 nails of that size. The range of nail types available today (and Each pennyweight refers to a specific length (see chart, below), although you will find slight variations in length from one nail type to the next. For example, box nails of a given pennyweight are roughly 1/8" shorter than common nails of the same weight. #### **Estimating Nail Quantities** Estimate the number of nails you'll need for a project, then use the chart to determine approximately how many pounds of nails to purchase. _Note: Sizes and quantities not listed are less common, although they may be available through some manufacturers._ **Use the proper nailing technique** for the task. Endnailing is used to attach perpendicular boards when moderate strength is required. Toenail at a 45° angle for extra strength when joining perpendicular framing members. Facenail to create strong headers for door and window openings. Blindnail tongue-and-groove boards to conceal nails, eliminating the need to set nails and cover them with putty before painting or staining. Locknail outside miter joints in trim projects to prevent gaps from developing as the trim pieces dry. #### **Using Adhesives & Glues** **Strengthen floors and decks** and reduce squeaks with joist and deck adhesive. For outdoor applications, make sure you choose a waterproof adhesive. **Construction adhesive** adds strength to carpentry and woodworking joints. It also has two advantages over glue. It has high initial tack, so parts don't slide apart, and it retains some flexibility after drying. #### **How to Use a Combination Square** **To mark a board for crosscutting,** hold the square against the edge of the workpiece with the head locked, then use the edge of the blade to guide your pencil. Use the handle's 45° edge to mark boards for miter cuts. **To mark a line parallel** to the edge of a board, lock the blade at the desired measurement, then hold the tip of the pencil along the end of the blade as you slide the tool along the workpiece. This is useful when marking reveal lines on window and door jambs. **To check for square,** set the blade of a square flush with the end of the workpiece and set the head flush with one edge. If the end is a true 90°, there will not be a gap between the blade and the workpiece. #### **How to Use a Rafter Square** **To mark angle cuts,** position the rafter square's pivot point against the edge of the workpiece, and set the tool so the desired angle marking is aligned with the same edge. Scribe a line to mark the angle on the workpiece. Flip the tool over to mark angles in the opposite direction. **To mark crosscuts,** place a rafter square's raised edge flush with one edge of the board, and use the perpendicular edge to guide your pencil. On wide boards, you'll need to flip the square to the board's other edge to extend the line across the board. **To guide a circular saw** when making crosscuts, first align the blade of the saw with your cutting line. As you cut, hold the raised edge of the square against the front edge of the workpiece and the perpendicular edge flush with the foot of the saw. ### **Concrete** Use concrete to make solid footings that will support the weight of the deck. Concrete for footings is made from a mixture of portland cement, sand, and coarse gravel (¼ to 1-½" in diameter). You can buy bags containing these dry materials premixed at building centers. For larger amounts, buy ready-mixed concrete in trailer loads that you can haul to the job site or, for very large amounts, consider ordering ready-mixed material from a concrete company that will deliver it (see opposite page). For most deck projects, mixing your own concrete is easy and inexpensive. Combine premixed bags with water following the manufacturer's instructions in a wheelbarrow or with a power mixer, available at rental centers. Never use a partial bag of dry premixed concrete because the contents aren't evenly distributed throughout the bag. The estimation charts below give approximate volumes of concrete. You may have a small amount of concrete left over after pouring footings or stair pads. **Pre-cast concrete footing piers** are available at building centers for use where local Building Codes don't require poured footings. They are particularly useful on low-profile decks because joists can be placed directly in the grooves formed in the pier tops. Piers should be placed on a layer of compactible gravel. When the piers are used to support posts, use post anchors bolted to the piers. #### **Buying & Mixing Concrete** **Buy premixed bags of dry concrete for small jobs.** A 60-lb. bag creates about ½ of a cubic foot of concrete. A 90-lb. bag creates about 2/3 of a cubic foot. **Rent a power cement mixer** for larger quantities of premixed bags. It blends 2 to 4 bags at a time (depending on the size of the mixer) quickly and thoroughly. **Buy ready-mixed concrete for larger jobs.** Trailer loads are available at rental centers and are sold by the cubic yard. One cubic yard equals 27 cubic feet. **Buy ready-mixed concrete** and have it delivered for projects requiring very large amounts. Many suppliers have pumps on their trucks so they can pour concrete directly into footings or pad locations, although they may charge extra for this service. #### **How to Dig & Pour Post Footings** **Dig holes for post footings** with a clamshell digger or a power auger, centering the holes on the layout stakes. For holes deeper than 35", use a power auger. **Measure the hole depth.** Local building codes specify the depth of footings. Cut away tree roots, if necessary, using a pruning saw. **Pour 2 to 3" of loose gravel** in the bottom of each footing hole. Gravel will provide drainage under concrete footings. **Add 2" to the hole depth** so that the footings will be above ground level. Cut concrete tube forms to length, using a reciprocating saw or a handsaw. Make sure the cut is straight. **Insert tubes into the footing holes,** leaving about 2" of tube above ground level. Use a level to make sure the tops of the tubes are level. Pack the soil around the tubes to hold them in place. **Mix dry ingredients for concrete** in a wheelbarrow using a hoe. **Form a hollow in the center** of the dry concrete mixture. Slowly pour a small amount of water into the hollow, and blend in the dry mixture with a hoe. **Add more water gradually,** mixing thoroughly until the concrete is firm enough to hold its shape when sliced with a trowel. **Pour the concrete slowly into the tube form,** guiding the concrete from the wheelbarrow with a shovel. Fill about half of the form using a long stick to tamp the concrete, filling any air gaps in the footing. Then finish pouring and tamping concrete into the form. **Level the concrete** by pulling a 2 × 4 across the top of the tube form using a sawing motion. Add concrete to any low spots. Retie the mason's strings on the batterboards, and recheck the measurements. **Insert a J-bolt at an angle** into the wet concrete at the center of the footing. **Lower the J-bolt slowly into the concrete,** wiggling it slightly to eliminate any air gaps. **Set the J-bolt** so ¾ to 1" is exposed above the concrete. Brush away any wet concrete on the bolt threads with an old toothbrush. **Use a plumb bob** to make sure the J-bolt is positioned exactly at the center of the post location. **Use a torpedo level** to make sure the J-bolt is plumb. If necessary, adjust the bolt and repack the concrete. Let the concrete cure, then cut away the exposed portion of the tube with a utility knife. #### **How to Install Anchor Bolts with Epoxy** **After the concrete footing** has cured at least 48 hours and the bolt locations have been determined, drill a hole for the threaded rod using a hammer drill and a masonry bit sized to match the diameter of the rod. Make the vertical holes using a speed square to align the drill. Set the depth gauge of the drill so that ¾ to 1" of the rod will protrude above the footing surface. **Use a shop vacuum** to remove the drilling debris. Clean the hole thoroughly using a long, thin object, such as a narrow blade screwdriver, to loosen the debris. If the surface isn't clean, the epoxy won't bond firmly with the concrete. Testfit the threaded rod to make certain it will insert to the proper depth. **Wrap masking tape** around the top ¾ to 1" of the threaded rod. This will help you insert it to the proper depth and protect the threads from epoxy. Inject epoxy into the hole using the mixing syringe provided by the manufacturer. Use enough epoxy so a small amount is forced from the hole when the rod is fully inserted. Push the rod into the hole with a twisting motion as soon as the epoxy is injected
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’s how I did it. First one came out in 1992, I think. When I start to do the CDs I came here for the winter, living in London for three years and two years in Nottingham, and DJing around the country […] First one sold 8,000, second one 30,000, dah dah. The fifth one sold half a million. The best of did over a million. We’ve done between 3 and 4 million worldwide now.” After having released three annual complications on the independent label React, Jose signed a contract with the giant Mercury, which led to a law suit with the first label over the right to use the name of the bar for the compilation. There was something to sue for — by this time Café del Mar had become a recognisable global brand. Еasy listening, ambient, downtempo, lounge, acid jazz — many listeners united all these genres in one: Café del Mar music. Jose’s cooperation with Mercury lasted for three years, after which a law suit with the bar founders started. Padilla retired, but managed to release his first album Souvenir with Mercury. What happened later to the compilation didn’t satisfy some listeners.Firing rates and patterns of midbrain reticular neurons during steady and transitional states of the sleep-waking cycle. Spontaneous firing of midbrain reticular formation (MRF) neurons was recorded extracellularly in chronically implanted, behaving cats during steady and transitional states of the sleep-waking cycle. Physiological identification of receiver and/or projection MRF neurons was achieved through orthodromically elicited discharges. Discharge rates of MRF neurons were more than double in waking (W) and active sleep (D) without phasic motor events, as compared to synchronized sleep (S). During behavioral states associated with EEG activation, the increased firing was essentially due to cells exhibiting high discharge rates, located at relatively ventral levels of the midbrain core. MRF neurons with identified rostrally projecting axons were more active during W and D states; their discharge rates were significantly higher than those of caudally projecting cells. The discharge patterns of MRF neurons increasing their firing rates from S to W and D were of the tonic type. First-order analyses showed a negligible proportion of both very short and long interspike intervals in all states, large interval density around the mode especially in W and D, and the smallest variation coefficients in W. Rhythmic firing with a period near the modal interval was detected during W by autocorrelations. The increase in firing rate of MRF neurons from S to W or D took place before overt EEG desynchronization and behavioral manifestations that define stable W or D states. In our sample a statistically significant increase in discharge rate was found about 15 s before the end of S sleep epochs that developed into awakening. The differences between discharge features of MRF neurons during waking and sleep states and those of neurons in other brainstem reticular fields are emphasized. Taken together, these data support, at a cellular level, Moruzzi and Magoun's concept of a rostral reticular substrate that gives rise to impulses leading to tonic activation of the thalamocortical systems.//--> Click to Zoom and Pan - Full Screen Button ^ NGC7000 © Ken Crawford Rancho Del Sol Observatory MPC G67 Image Exposure Details Filter Exposures Clear/ Lum 360 minutes Red 360 minutes Green 360 minutes Blue 360 minutes Ha 5nm 360 minutes OIII 3nm. 360 minutes SII 5nm 360 minutes NGC7000 and The Cygnus Wall is part of the North American Nebula also known as Caldwell 20. This emission nebula is very large and this image shows the structures known as The Wall. The final picture required three panels stitched together from 7 different filters. RCOS 20" carbon truss - 100mm FFC Paramount ME Apogee Alta u16m SBIG ST402 Guider Astrodon MegaMoag Astrodon 50mm Sq Filters MaxDL 5 CCDAutopilot 4 CCDStack2 Photoshop CC & PIxInsight Other Nebulae images you may like/* * OpenSourceFileHandler.java * * Copyright (C) 2020 by RStudio, PBC * * Unless you have received this program directly from RStudio pursuant * to the terms of a commercial license agreement with RStudio, then * this program is licensed to you under the terms of version 3 of the * GNU Affero General Public License. This program is distributed WITHOUT * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, INCLUDING THOSE OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, * MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Please refer to the * AGPL (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.txt) for more details. * */ package org.rstudio.studio.client.common.filetypes.events; import com.google.gwt.event.shared.EventHandler; public interface OpenSourceFileHandler extends EventHandler { void onOpenSourceFile(OpenSourceFileEvent event); } We would like to use these Magnemite and Magneton illustrations on some of the cards to match the card frames and text we decided on. We will put your name as the original illustrator at the bottom of every card with your art. Would you please give us permission to do that? This is the link to the game's Discord: I hope to hear from you soon Hi there Marika, my name is Jasper Speelman, I'm in the development team of the online Pokémon TCG simulator TCGOne (tcgone.net). At the moment we're thinking about creating some custom Pokémon cards for use in the game.This site attempts to protect users against Cross-Site Request Forgeries attacks. In order to do so, you must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser otherwise this site will fail to work correctly for you. See details of your web browser for how to enable JavaScript. Terms of Use & Privacy Policy The following Terms of Use and Privacy Policy are effective February 1, 2016 and remain in effect until amended. Greenway Mortgage reserves the right to amend the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and/or alter its content at its sole discretion without notice to you. Any alterations to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy will be posted on our web site immediately. Terms of Use By using this website (mobile, web or otherwise), you agree to be bound by the following terms of use: Greenway Mortgage is an administrative platform providing consumers the tools to easily search, apply and close a loan entirely online. You apply directly with Greenway Mortgage. 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Three ailments in particular can be caught during this period if the necessary precautions are not taken: air, \"inflamación\" and \"desmagradura\". Air --- When the mother gets up after the resting period it is advisable for her to put pieces of cotton into her ears and cover her head. This is done to avoid the entrance of air which could cause temporary or permanent deafness and general weakness. Inflamación ----------- This condition is the product of a bad depuration of the body due to the \"interaction\" of the puerperal blood with outdoor humidity or with the heat from the cooking stove. According to local testimonies \"it is the humidity that mingles with the blood and causes the bad\" or \"it is the blood that does not come out because of the heat of the cooking stove\". If a woman gets close to water before the advisable period of restriction her eyes and her belly can become swollen and get ill of \"inflamación\" (swelling), the same will happen if she gets close to fire prematurely. Those who suffer from \"inflamación\" have their feet, hands and all their bodies swollen, get a temperature, have to stay in bed and generally die. In exceptional cases a woman can get ill of \"inflamación\" if she takes baths during her menstrual period. Desmagradura or Lastimadura --------------------------- This is the local name given to uterine prolapse. To avoid it, it is recommended to use girdles for a month after the delivery. This ailment is diagnosed when strong pain appears under the ribs, nausea and vomiting are frequent; or in more serious cases, with the presence of hemorragea. To cure it, the patient goes to the rural doctor who should perform a \"compostura\" or \"alumbriada\". This practice consists of rubbing the whole body with \"coca\", alumbre (alum) and alcohol; then the local doctor holds the patient with her arms crossed over her chest and exerts pressure so that her back \"sounds\". Finally, the patient must wear a girdle and avoid heavy duties for some days; the treatment is completed by drinking \"toronjil\" balm. Measures to ensure or induce the production of milk --------------------------------------------------- When a mother produces little milk, it is assumed that she got cold in her back and in her chest during or after the delivery. For this reason, most of the corrective measures consist in warming those parts of the body, such as washing the breasts with infusions prepared with *hot*herbs or tying recently-baked hot bread to her back. Also, to treat this condition the woman must eat more and more frequently special food considered nourishing (see below). Care of the newborn ------------------- At birth, the baby is assisted by a relative (his grandmother, his mother\'s, mother in law, an elder sister or the midwife). This person cuts his umbilical cord with small scissors or with a \"tiesto\" (a broken piece of earthenware). The latter method is rarely practiced anymore, in older times if this element was used it was thought to foster the development of a modest and cautious personality. The navel is tied with a black and white cord, called \"hilo yoque\". This cord is made from sheep wool weaved to the left and it has a symbolic value; it is believed that it helps the healing of the navel. The navel must be kept dry until it falls out, and in the exceptional case in which infections or ulcerations appear it is recommended to sieve almond oil, a burnt and ground chicken feather or the spores of some fungus. Immediately after birth, babies are given a bath with hot herbs. In some cases the habit of making them drink some special depurative preparations, as for example one or two teaspoons of almond oil or of urine of a young child, is still practiced. The mothers that observe this habit say that if this is not done the babies will later cry constantly as the result of stomachaches caused by worms that develop inside them. If the mother did not give anything to the baby immediately after birth, and it is noticed that the baby suffers stomach problems, then aromatic herbs together with black wool, tobacco and \"chuspa e cacu\" (the nest of *Cacicus chrysopterus*; Icteridae, Aves) should be fumigated around his craddle and his anus. If babies are hyperactive and cannot sleep well, it is advisable to put a \"churito\" (the shell of local snail, *Megalobulinus*sp.) under its pillow. Ailments -------- ### Menstrual pains Menstrual problems are considered conditions that can be treated with a great variety of medicines from the local natural pharmacopoeia coming from plants, animals, or rocks. Most women know a wide range of alternative cures. In Additional file [1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} the different herbs that are used in case of strong menstrual pains (menorrhagia) are shown. Many of them coincide with those used during the delivery and post partum period. This is because during menstruation one of the principal risks is also that of \"cooling\" and therefore the woman is exposed to air. It is believed that a woman in her menstrual period is capable of causing certain \"evils\". For example during her period she should not visit orchards or other crops as her visit could ruin the results of the harvest; she should never touch neither fruit trees, nor milk cows or ride horses. In all cases the result is a gradual weakness and, at the worst, the death of the touched animal or plant. Sexual abstinence is not considered necessary during menstruation. ### Margaritas In the communities under study a sexually transmitted disease called Margaritas is recognized. According to the doctors of the local hospital it is gonorrhea and occasionally syphilis. The same is considered a \"chimbosa\" disease, which means that if a person has got it, he favours its cure if he voluntary spreads the disease by contagion to others. ### Sentaderas This is the name given to both bacterial and mycotic vaginal infections. It is considered an ailment caused by coldness which enters the body. It is thought to come from the humidity or the warmth in places where women sit to rest or wash clothes. It is also thought that a woman can get this disease if she argues with somebody; the resulting anger causes the evil indirectly. As the actual origin of the disease is conceptually believed to be emotional or cultural, this kind of condition can only be diagnosed by a \"rural doctor\" through a \"alumbriada\", which is to say a \"limpia\"(cleansing) made with alum which is later burnt and whose ashes are interpreted by this doctor. ### Ethnobotany Thirteen (13) ailments and/or different physiological states are identified and treated. In Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} the number of ethnospecies used per ailment and the number of citations for each illness are shown. In relation to the part of the plant used, 55% of the reported uses correspond to the leaves and stem, 18% to reproductive organs; 11% to the whole plant; 10% to underground organs and 6% to the bark. ![Number of ethnospecies used per ailment and number of citations for each illness.](1746-4269-3-19-2){#F2} Taking into account the procedence of the medicinal plants, 59,61% (68) of the species used are native species (3 endemic) and the rest (46) come from another biome (10 naturalized). Gathering is the main way of obtaining them (53%) followed by cultivation (Additional file [1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). In relation to the preparation, of a total of 439 registered recipes, 244 involve only one species, 101 require the mixing of 2 or more species and 94 require the addition of other ingredients, such as blood, excrements, soil, rocks, etc. With respect to their application, 140 recipes are for external use (60 with only one species, 43 two or more plants, and 37 adding elements other than plants) and 299 for internal use (184 with only one species, 43 two or more, 57 adding elements other than plants). In Fig. [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"} the different methods of application are described in detail. ![Methods of application of the medicinal plants.](1746-4269-3-19-3){#F3} According to the present results all local populations use at least 108 ethnospecies for reproductive medicine, comprising 107 species of plants and 2 of mushrooms (in addition to 3 species which have been identified to genus and 2 unidentified species purchased as fragments). The species known include 42 families of flowering plants and 4 Pteridophyta families. Nine families (Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and Rubiaceae) comprise nearly half of the total. These medicinal plants encompass 18 pharmacological properties. Analgesic, depurative and haemostatic agents are especially common. *Peperomia fiebrigii*has been assigned 8 pharmacological properties, *Tripodanthus acutifolius*has 7, *Adiantum lorentzii*6. Five species have 5 pharmacological properties, 64 species
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2045125319855206]^ *in vitro* study animal study ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- N/A, not applicable. Results {#section3-2045125319855206} ======= Successful combinations of agomelatine with other antidepressants documented as case reports {#section4-2045125319855206} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### Clomipramine augmentation by agomelatine {#section5-2045125319855206} Improvement of obsessive--compulsive disorder (OCD) was described in a male patient who was resistant to the monotherapy with clomipramine and who also did not respond to clomipramine augmentation with risperidone and aripiprazole but showed a clinical response after agomelatine was added to clomipramine.^[@bibr30-2045125319855206]^ ### Escitalopram augmentation by agomelatine {#section6-2045125319855206} Remission of OCD was described in a female patient who did not achieve remission even after administration of high doses of escitalopram (30 mg daily). Her OCD symptoms significantly improved after augmentation with 25 mg agomelatine/day. In addition, a reduction in escitalopram to 20 mg daily was also possible.^[@bibr22-2045125319855206]^ In a male patient, the addition of agomelatine 25 mg/day to escitalopram 10 mg/day resulted in a remarkable reversal of apathy induced by 10 mg of escitalopram during the treatment of a major depressive episode; this effect was not thought to be related to the improvement of depression.^[@bibr31-2045125319855206]^ After improvement had been observed for 9 weeks, escitalopram was discontinued without negative effects on the patient's symptoms.^[@bibr31-2045125319855206]^ ### Venlafaxine augmentation by agomelatine {#section7-2045125319855206} One case report about a patient with severe major depression who had been treated with the maximal 300 mg dose of venlafaxine and who improved rapidly after addition of 25 mg of agomelatine was published recently.^[@bibr23-2045125319855206]^ His liver-function tests were assessed at baseline, 1 week, and 1 month after starting agomelatine, and no abnormalities were found.^[@bibr23-2045125319855206]^ Another patient with OCD, who was treated with 300 mg of venlafaxine and 25 mg of agomelatine, also showed improvement of symptoms and fewer episodes of suicidal ideation.^[@bibr24-2045125319855206]^ ### Agomelatine augmentation with moclobemide {#section8-2045125319855206} Improvement of resistant depression in a patient after therapy with agomelatine combined with moclobemide was also reported. Before administration of moclobemide and agomelatine, the patient had been treated with a variety of antidepressants for 2 years without any significant effect, or the patient experienced serious side effects. After moclobemide was added to agomelatine, the patient improved significantly and did not experience any serious side effects.^[@bibr26-2045125319855206]^ Successful combinations of agomelatine with other antidepressants are reviewed in [Table 2](#table2-2045125319855206){ref-type="table"}. ###### A summary of successful agomelatine combinations with other antidepressant drugs. ![](10.1177_2045125319855206-table2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Drug combinations Observation type, duration Patients, *n* Disease and result of augmentation Year -------------------------------------- ---------------------------- --------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Clomipramine--agomelatine Case report 1 Improvement of OCD 2011^[@bibr30-2045125319855206]^ Escitalopram 30 mg Agomelatine 25 mg Case report,\ 1 Remission of resistant OCD, reduction of escitalopram to 20 mg daily 2012^[@bibr22-2045125319855206]^ 12 weeks Escitalopram 10 mg Agomelatine 25 mg Case report,\ 1 Reversal of escitalopram-induced apathy during the treatment of major depression 2013^[@bibr31-2045125319855206]^ 9 weeks Venlafaxine 300 mg Agomelatine 25 mg Case report,\ 1 Improvement of depression after 4 weeks of venlafaxine augmentation with agomelatine 2014^[@bibr23-2045125319855206]^ 8 weeks Venlafaxine 300 mg Agomelatine 25 mg Case report, 8 weeks 1 Positive effect on OCD symptoms and depression associated with suicide ideation 2014^[@bibr24-2045125319855206]^ Moclobemide 600 mg Agomelatine 25 mg Case report 1 Improvement of treatment-resistant depression 2016^[@bibr26-2045125319855206]^ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OCD, obsessive--compulsive disorder. #### Ineffective duloxetine augmentation with agomelatine {#section9-2045125319855206} Two cases of adverse effects that resulted from concomitant duloxetine medication with agomelatine were recently described in the literature.^[@bibr27-2045125319855206],[@bibr28-2045125319855206]^ In the first case, a depressed patient was treated with duloxetine and agomelatine and subsequently developed akathisia that led to the withdrawal of agomelatine.^[@bibr27-2045125319855206]^ In the second case, the patient was also treated with a combination of duloxetine and agomelatine, and pharmacotherapy with these drugs resulted in excessive sweating that was poorly tolerated. It was decided not to continue with agomelatine as an adjunctive drug, and symptoms of sweating improved immediately after its cessation.^[@bibr28-2045125319855206]^ A summary is set out in [Table 3](#table3-2045125319855206){ref-type="table"}. ###### Summary of case reports describing duloxetine augmentation with agomelatine that were not successful. ![](10.1177_2045125319855206-table3) Drug combinations Type of observation Patients, *n* Disease and result of augmentation References ------------------------------------- --------------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Duloxetine 120 mg Agomelatine 50 mg Case report 1 Akathisia induced after addition of agomelatine to duloxetine 2012^[@bibr27-2045125319855206]^ Duloxetine 90 mg Agomelatine 25 mg Case report 1 Depression not improved; the combination resulted in excessive sweating 2015^[@bibr28-2045125319855206]^ Uncontrolled clinical studies documenting successful combinations of agomelatine with other antidepressants {#section10-2045125319855206} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ### Therapy of severe major depression with a combination of bupropion and agomelatine {#section11-2045125319855206} Another interesting article based on the results of a clinical study was published by German researchers who had combined bupropion and agomelatine in patients suffering from severe, treatment-resistant depression. The authors achieved good remission rates in most of the patients treated with bupropion together with agomelatine compared with antidepressant monotherapy, see [Table 4](#table4-2045125319855206){ref-type="table"}. Drugs used in the monotherapy control group were citalopram, venlafaxine, duloxetine, mirtazapine, and sertraline. The liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured three times in all inpatients during the study, and no changes in liver enzymes were observed.^[@bibr25-2045125319855206]^ ###### Bupropion plus agomelatine improved treatment-resistant depression. ![](10.1177_2045125319855206-table4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Drug combination Observation type, duration Patients, *n* Disease and result of augmentation Remission of depression Year ------------------------------------ ---------------------------- --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Bupropion 300 mg Agomelatine 50 mg Uncontrolled study,\ 30 total,\ Improvement of treatment-resistant depression in 73.3% of
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on County is [plaintiff's] employer. Accordingly, they cannot be held liable under the ADEA or Title VII. See Busby v. City of Orlando, 931 F.2d 764, 772 (11th Cir.1991) ("The relief granted under Title VII is against the employer, not individual employees whose actions would constitute a violation of the Act."); Birkbeck v. Marvel Lighting Corp., 30 F.3d 507, 511 (4th Cir.) ("[T]he ADEA limits civil liability to the employer."), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 115 S.Ct. 666, 130 L.Ed.2d 600 (1994); Miller v. Maxwell's Int'l Inc., 991 F.2d 583, 587 (9th Cir.1993) (same), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 114 S.Ct. 1049, 127 L.Ed.2d 372 (1994). We therefore construe counts two and three as applying only to Fulton County. Id. at 403 n. 4. Based on these authorities, this court finds that Griswold cannot hold supervisors Granger, Long, Ashley and Caudill individually liable for violating the ADEA; the court will dismiss such claims against these supervisors. D. Official Capacity Claims under the ADEA The court must next consider the ADEA claims against the four supervisors in their official capacity. According to the Supreme Court of the United States, an official capacity suit represents only another way of pleading an action against an entity for whom the named officer was acting as agent. Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 165, 105 S.Ct. 3099, 3104, 87 L.Ed.2d 114 (1985). "As long as the government entity receives notice and an opportunity to respond, an official capacity suit is, in all respects other than name, to be treated as a suit against the entity." Id. Thus, official capacity suits against employees can be dismissed as redundant where the employer is a properly named defendant in the lawsuit. Bahadirli v. Domino's Pizza, 873 F.Supp. 1528, 1534 (M.D.Al.1995). Because ADIR is a properly named defendant under the ADEA, the court will dismiss supervisors Granger, Long, Ashley and Caudill in their official capacities. II. DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY Griswold claims the supervisors falsely lowered her performance appraisals and shamed and ridiculed her in front of her peers, creating the impression that she was incompetent. Her constructive discharge afforded no opportunity to remove this stigma of incompetence through a name-clearing hearing. Consequently, Griswold sues ADIR and the supervisors in their individual capacities under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for denial of her liberty interest in employment without appropriate due process. The court agrees with the Defendants that the supervisors have qualified immunity, and ADIR is not a "person" within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 1983. A. Qualified Immunity Under the doctrine of qualified immunity, "government officials performing discretionary functions generally are shielded from liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known." Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818, 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2738, 73 L.Ed.2d 396 (1982). The qualified immunity analysis consists of two separate components: first, the government official must establish that he or she acted within the scope of discretionary authority when *1498 the allegedly wrongful acts occurred, and second, the plaintiff must demonstrate that the official's actions violated clearly established rights. Sims v. Metropolitan Dade County, 972 F.2d 1230, 1236 (11th Cir.1992). 1. Scope of Discretionary Authority Griswold contends the supervisors acted outside their discretionary authority and thus cannot assert the defense of qualified immunity. Specifically, Griswold alleges that state law mandated she receive a hearing, no supervisor had the discretionary authority to deny her this hearing, and thus no supervisor should receive qualified immunity. (Opp'n Defs.' Mot.Dismiss at 6 n. 6.) The argument fails because of the Eleventh Circuit's expansive definition of the term "discretionary authority" for qualified immunity purposes. Whether a government official acts within discretionary authority turns not on the ministerial versus discretionary nature of an act, but rather on an evaluation of the official's duties and authority. See Jordan v. Doe, 38 F.3d 1559, 1565-66 (11th Cir.1994). In Jordan, the Eleventh Circuit reviewed a district court's denial of qualified immunity because defendants had not established the discretionary nature of their actions. The Eleventh Circuit held that "it would be unwise to engage in a case by case determination of Section 1983 immunity based upon the ministerial versus discretionary nature of the particular official act challenged." Id. at 1566 (quoting Coleman v. Frantz, 754 F.2d 719, 727 (7th Cir.1985)). The court found that "discretionary authority" includes all actions of a government official that (1) "were undertaken pursuant to the performance of his duties," and (2) were "within the scope of his authority." Id. (quoting Rich v. Dollar, 841 F.2d 1558, 1564 (11th Cir.1988)). Examples of the standard's application reveal the level of generality used to determine whether a government official acted within discretionary authority. In Rich, the Eleventh Circuit asked whether an investigator acts within his job duties and authority when he submits a probable cause affidavit, not when he submits a probable cause affidavit without a reasonable basis, as the plaintiff alleged. 841 F.2d at 1562, 1564. In Jordan, the Eleventh Circuit asked whether federal marshals act within their job duties and authority by transporting detainees between facilities, not by transporting detainees to overcrowded, unsanitary facilities. 38 F.3d at 1564-66. In a case from this district, the court asked whether a police officer acts within his scope of authority and job duties by controlling an arrestee, not beating an arrestee. Sweatt v. Bailey, 876 F.Supp. 1571, 1576 (M.D.Ala.1995). According to the standard outlined above, the complaint alleges no actions by the supervisors that would be outside their discretionary authority. The complaint alleges that supervisors altered Griswold's reports, shamed and ridiculed her in front of her peers, and falsely lowered her performance appraisals. The court must ask whether a supervisor who reviews and alters a subordinate's reports, criticizes subordinates, and evaluates subordinate performance through written performance appraisals acts within the scope of a supervisor's authority and duties. The court finds these activities to be inherently supervisory, and any supervisor engaging in these activities acts within the scope of discretionary authority. In light of this finding, the supervisors' entitlement to qualified immunity depends upon whether Griswold's allegations implicate a constitutional right clearly established at the time of the alleged wrongful activities. 2. Clearly Established Right The Eleventh Circuit reiterated in Lassiter v. Alabama A & M University, Board of Trustees, 28 F.3d 1146 (11th Cir. 1994), the stringent standard that must be met before a right becomes clearly enough established to strip a government official of qualified immunity: For the law to be clearly established to the point that qualified immunity does not apply, the law must have earlier been developed in such a concrete and factually defined context to make it obvious to all reasonable government actors, in the defendant's place, that what he is doing violates federal law. Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3039, 97 *1499 L.Ed.2d 523 [cite], [cite] (1987).... For qualified immunity to be surrendered, preexisting law must dictate, that is, truly compel (not just suggest or allow or raise a question about), the conclusion for every like-situated, reasonable government agent that what defendant is doing violates federal law in the circumstances. Lassiter, 28 F.3d at 1149-50 (string citations and quotations omitted). With this standard in mind, the court will examine whether the supervisors' alleged activities deprived Griswold of a right so clearly established that "only a plainly incompetent [supervisor] or one who was knowingly violating the law would have done such a thing." Id. at 1149 (citing Malley v. Briggs, 475 U.S. 335, 341-43, 106 S.Ct. 1092, 1096-97, 89 L.Ed.2d 271 (1986)). To prove a deprivation of liberty triggering due process rights, a claimant must "establish that his termination was attended by stigmatizing charges which `might seriously damage his standing and associations in his community' or foreclose `his freedom to take advantage of other employment opportunities.'" Sullivan v. School Board of Pinellas County, 773 F.2d 1182 (11th Cir. 1985) (quoting Clemons v. Dougherty County, Georgia, 684 F.2d 1365, 1371 (11th Cir. 1982)). Thus, to overcome the defense of qualified immunity, Griswold must demonstrate the following: At the time the supervisors acted, the law clearly established that labelling Griswold incompetent stigmatized her to such a degree that her standing and associations in the community might be seriously damaged, or her freedom to take advantage
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\pi} \int_{\mathbb R+iR} \hat g(u)\bar\phi_{T-t}(-u)(-iu) S_t^{-1-iu}(e^{(-1-iu)z}-1)du \, . \label{deltarep3}\end{aligned}$$ The expression is deduced directly from using the dominated convergence theorem and the condition . The martingale representation follows by applying Lemma \[martrep.prop\] with $f(u):=\frac{1}{2\pi}\hat g(u+iR)(R-iu)$ and $R'=R-1$. #### Quadratic hedging under the martingale probability Quadratic hedging in the literature comes in three different flavors: one can (i) minimize the global $L^2$ hedging error computed under the martingale probability (as in [@follmer.sondermann.86] and many subsequent papers); (ii) minimize the local variation of the hedging portfolio under the historical probability (as in e.g. [@follmer.schweizer.91]) or (iii) minimize the global $L^2$ hedging error under the historical probability (as in [@kallsen.hubalek.al.06; @cerny.kallsen.07]). In this paper we choose the martingale approach, that is, we minimize $$\begin{aligned} E^Q\left[\left(G(S_T)-C(0,S_0)-\int_0^T F_{t}dS_t\right)^2\right]. \label{minrisk.eq}\end{aligned}$$ This approach is the simplest of the three and thus enables us to explain the main ideas and insights in a less technical setting. See [@cont.al.05] for some arguments towards using this strategy in practice rather than minimizing the quadratic hedging error under the historical measure. Our methodology can also be applied to the local risk minimization, and yields the same results, with more technicalities and under appropriately modified assumptions. The solution to the minimization problem is given by the Kunita-Watanabe decomposition, and can be explicitly written as (see [@cerny.kallsen.07]) $$F_t = \frac{d\langle C,S \rangle^Q _t}{d \langle S, S\rangle_t^Q},$$ where we denote $C_t:=C(t,S_t)$. \[martquad.prop\] Assume –; for all $t<T$ and $$\begin{aligned} \int_{|x|>1}e^{2(Rx\vee x)}\bar\nu(dx)<\infty.\label{squareint.eq}\end{aligned}$$ Then the quadratic hedging strategy under the martingale probability is given by $$\begin{aligned} &F_t = \frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{\mathbb R+iR}\hat g(u)\bar\phi_{T-t}(-u)S_t^{-iu-1}\Upsilon(u)du \label{martquad.eq}\\ &\text{where}\quad \Upsilon(u) = \frac{\bar\psi(-u-i))-\bar\psi(-u)-\bar\psi(-i)}{\bar\psi(-2i)-2\bar\psi(-i)}.\end{aligned}$$ Assume in addition that $$\int_{|x|>1}e^{2(R-1)x}\nu(dx)<\infty.$$ Then the representation holds for $F$ with $$\begin{aligned} \mu_t &= \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{\mathbb R+iR}\hat g(u)\bar\phi_{T-t}(-u)\Upsilon(u)S_t^{-1-iu}(\psi(-u+i)-\bar\psi(-u))du \, , \label{muquad.eq}\\ \sigma_t &= \frac{a}{2\pi} \int_{\mathbb R+iR} \hat g(u)\bar\phi_{T-t}(-u)\Upsilon(u)(-1-iu)S_t^{-1-iu}du \, , \\ \gamma_t(z)&= \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{\mathbb R+iR} \hat g(u)\bar\phi_{T-t}(-u)\Upsilon(u) S_t^{-1-iu}(e^{(-1-iu)z}-1)du \, . \label{gammaquad.eq}\end{aligned}$$ The first part of this result (expression for the optimal strategy) is proved in [@tankov.09 Proposition 7]; under slightly different conditions this result also follows from the general theorem in [@kallsen.hubalek.al.06]. To obtain the martingale representation –, we apply, once again, Lemma \[martrep.prop\], with $R' = R-1$ and $f(u) = \frac{1}{2\pi} \hat g(u+iR)\Upsilon(u+iR)$. The validity of condition follows from Lemma \[lem:UVpsi\], assumption and assumption . Errors from discrete hedging: general result {#general.sec} ============================================ Since continuously rebalancing one’s portfolio is unfeasible in practice, we assume that the hedging portfolio is rebalanced at equally spaced dates $T_i = iT/n$, $i=0,\dots,n-1$, and denote by $h$ the distance between the rebalancing dates: $h:=T/n$. For $t\in(0,T]$ we denote by $\underline{\eta}(t)$ the rebalancing date immediately before $t$ and by $\overline{\eta}(t)$ the rebalancing date immediately after $t$: $$\underline{\eta}(t) = \sup \{T_i,T_i< t\},\qquad \overline{\eta}(t) = \inf \{T_i,T_i\geq t\}.$$ The trading strategy is therefore piecewise constant and is assumed to be given by $F_{\underline{\eta}(t)}$, where $(F_t)$ is the ‘ideal’ continuous-time hedging strategy that the agent would use if continuous rebalancing were possible. The value of the hedging portfolio at time $t$ is $V_0+\int_0^t F_{s-} dS_s$ with continuous hedging and $V_0+\int_0^t F_{\eta(s)} dS_s$ with discrete hedging. $F^h_t$ denotes the left-continuous difference between the continuously rebalanced strategy and the discretely rebalanced one: $F^h_t:=F_{t-} - F_{\underline{\eta}(t)}$. We study the $L^2$ convergence to $0$, when $h \to 0$, of the difference between discrete and continuous hedging portfolio $$\int_0^T (F_{t-} -F_{\underline{\eta}(t)})dS_t\equiv \int_0^T F^h_{t} dS_t.$$ Choose a function $r(h):(0,\infty)\to(0,\infty)$ with $\lim_{h\downarrow 0} r(h) = 0$ (the rate of convergence to zero of the hedging error). We shall see that under suitable assumptions ${E}[(\int_0^T F^h_{t} dS_t)^2/r(h)]$ converges to a finite nonzero limit when $h \downarrow 0$. \[levyerror\] Assume that the hedging strategy $F$ is of the form and $$\begin{aligned} \lim_{h\downarrow 0} \frac{h}{r(h)} E\left[\int_0^T S_t^2(\overline{\eta}(t)-t)\left(\mu_t^2 + \int_{\mathbb R} \gamma_t^2(z) \nu(dz)\right)dt\right]=0 \, . \label{ass1}\end{aligned}$$ Then $$\begin{aligned} \lim_{h\downarrow 0}\frac{1}{r(h)}E\left[\left(\int_0^T F^h_{t}dS_t\right)^2\right] = \lim_{h\downarrow 0} \frac{A}{r(h)} E\left[\int_0^T S_t^2(\overline{\eta}(t)-t)\left(\sigma_t^2 + \int_{\mathbb R} \gamma_t^2(z) e^{2z}\nu(dz)\right)dt\right] \, , \label{limit} \end{aligned}$$ whenever the limit on the right-hand side exists. \[cor:levyerror\] Assume that is satisfied and $$\begin{aligned} E\left[\int_0^T S_t^2\left(\sigma_t^2 + \int_{\mathbb R} \gamma_t^2(z) e^{2z}\nu(dz)\right)dt\right]<\infty. \label{cor:ass1}\end{aligned}$$ Then $$\begin{aligned} \lim_{h\downarrow 0}\frac{1}{h}E\left[\left(\int_0^T F^h_{t}dS_t\right)^2\right] = \frac
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previous studies showed that securely attached infants complied with maternal requests more often than insecurely attached infants (e.g., Stayton et al., [@B66]; Londerville and Main, [@B38]). Further research revealed that mothers of securely attached children create a context of reciprocity based on positive affect and emotional understanding which fosters children\'s willingness to internalize rules of conduct (Laible and Thompson, [@B34], [@B35]; Van IJzendoorn and Sagi, [@B74]; for a review see Thompson et al., [@B69]). Other work, however, has suggested indirect effects of attachment security on children\'s internalization via children\'s self-regulation (e.g., Sroufe, [@B65]). Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to contribute to prior research by examining whether inhibitory control, as one aspect of self-regulation, mediates the relation between attachment security and internalization of rules of conduct. Development of self-regulation and related internalization processes take place in cultural contexts in which different cultural values and norms prevail that children are expected to internalize (Trommsdorff, [@B70]). For instance, cross-cultural research has indicated cultural differences with regard to parents\' socialization goals (e.g., obedience, self-control) and children\'s motivation and ability to inhibit behavior (e.g., Keller et al., [@B27]; Rubin et al., [@B53]). However, research on relations among attachment security, inhibitory control, and internalization processes conducted with European samples (e.g., Germany) is scarce. Therefore, we investigated the internalization of rules of conduct in a German sample of kindergarten children, choosing a different cultural context to gain first insight on cultural similarities and differences regarding these relations. Before we report our results, however, we provide a brief review of developmental literature on inhibitory control and the internalization of rules of conduct. Inhibitory control and internalization of rules of conduct ========================================================== In the study of inhibitory control, different theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches co-exist. In developmental psychology, the concept of inhibition has often been related to temperament-based individual differences in self-regulation (e.g., effortful control) and their role for social and emotional development (Rothbart and Bates, [@B52]). Effortful control as a dimension of temperament has been defined more broadly as the competence to inhibit a dominant response and/or to activate a subdominant response, as well as to plan, and to detect errors (Rothbart and Bates, [@B52]; Eisenberg et al., [@B16]). In other areas such as in cognitive psychology, however, inhibition has been studied within the framework of executive functions (Zhou et al., [@B79]; Diamond, [@B12]). In the present study, we focus on inhibitory control, an executive function that serves to regulate behavior (Miyake et al., [@B42]) by suppressing dominant but inappropriate responses (e.g., Logan, [@B36]; see Friedman and Miyake, [@B20] for an overview). In past research, inhibitory control was positively associated with children\'s internalization of rules of conduct. In a cross-sectional study, children\'s inhibitory control, assessed by maternal reports, was positively associated with mothers\' evaluations of their children\'s internalization of rules of conduct (Kochanska et al., [@B29]). Further longitudinal studies (Kochanska et al., [@B30], [@B31]) relying on behavioral observations revealed positive relations between measures of inhibitory control (e.g., waiting for a snack) and children\'s internalization of rules of conduct (e.g., being alone with prohibited objects). Moreover, children high in inhibitory control were more likely to show other-oriented concern (Valiente et al., [@B73]), were more concerned about their own wrongdoing (Rothbart et al., [@B51]), and exhibited higher levels of prosocial behavior (Eisenberg et al., [@B14], [@B15]). Although the motivation and ability to follow rules of conduct, confession, reparation after wrongdoing, and sensitivity to rule violations committed by others are interrelated aspects of children\'s "active moral regulation" (Kochanska et al., [@B29]), the extent to which inhibitory control is related to each of these facets of internalization has not been investigated yet. Moreover, different developmental pathways underlying internalization, however, suggest different relations between inhibitory control and aspects of the internalization of rules of conduct. Children between 2 and 3 years of age, for instance, develop an understanding of social norms and show sensitivity to rule violations (Rakoczy and Schmidt, [@B48]). However, children at this age are still prone to impulsive reactions (e.g., to resist a temptation; Metcalfe and Mischel, [@B40]) that interfere with the motivation to follow rules of conduct (Kopp, [@B32]). After the age of 4, children are better able to successfully achieve a goal (e.g., to resist the temptation for an immediate reward; Mischel and Ayduk, [@B41]). This coincides with a significant increase of the motivation and ability to inhibit dominant responses between 3 and 5 years of age (Kopp, [@B32]; Carlson, [@B6]; Garon et al., [@B21]). These findings suggest that inhibitory control is more strongly associated with the ability to follow rules of conduct than with offering reparation after wrongdoing. Therefore, it is particularly informative to investigate relations between inhibitory control and different indicators of internalization separately. Attachment, inhibitory control, and internalization of rules of conduct ======================================================================= Previous studies revealed that attachment security was positively related to children\'s motivation and ability to comply with parental requests during mother-child-interactions in infancy (Stayton et al., [@B66]; Londerville and Main, [@B38]). However, empirical evidence for relations between attachment security and children\'s internalization of rules of conduct at kindergarten age is less clear. Laible and Thompson ([@B34]) reported that attachment security showed a positive and significant association to mothers\' reports of children\'s motivation and ability to follow rules of conduct in a sample of US-American children at the age of 4 years. However, the relation between attachment security and behavioral measures of children\'s motivation and ability to resist a temptation (i.e., to follow mothers\' instructions not to play with attractive toys during their absence) was only marginally significant. In contrast to these results, Kochanska et al. ([@B28]) did not find a significant relation between US-American children\'s attachment security, assessed at 14 months in the Strange Situation, and children\'s internalization of rules of conduct at the age of 6. Although not yet investigated, previous studies suggest indirect effects of attachment security on children\'s internalization of rules of conduct. Given that recent research has suggested a direct relation between attachment security and inhibitory control, one possible pathway might be an indirect association of attachment security with internalization of rules of conduct via inhibitory control. For example, in a study by Booth-LaForce and Oxford ([@B5]), attachment security longitudinally predicted mothers\' ratings of children\'s motivation and ability to inhibit a dominant response. Moreover, delay of gratification as an early marker of children\'s motivation and ability to inhibit behavioral impulses (Eigsti et al., [@B13]) is positively related to attachment security (Jacobsen et al., [@B26]; Sethi et al., [@B60]). More recently, Bernier et al. ([@B1]) have reported in a longitudinal study that children\'s attachment security assessed at age 2 was positively related to children\'s performance in executive function tasks measuring working memory, inhibitory control, and set shifting at the age of 3. Most notably, attachment security explained additional variance in children\'s executive functioning beyond that explained by parenting behavior, children\'s executive functioning at age 2 and other variables (e.g., socio-economic status, verbal ability). Thus, attachment security may be associated with children\'s internalization of rules of conduct because of the positive relation between attachment security and inhibitory control. Measuring inhibitory control ============================ In past research, different methods have been used to assess inhibitory control at preschool age. These methods included questionnaires (e.g., parents\' ratings; Kochanska et al., [@B29]) and observational measures (e.g., Kochanska et al., [@B30], [@B31]). However, Else-Quest et al. ([@B18]) concluded from the results of a meta-analytic study that there is an overall greater reliance on questionnaire data in the field of temperament research (e.g., concerning the assessment of inhibitory control and related concepts). In line with previous studies (e.g., Laible and Thompson, [@B34]), we used well validated questionnaires to assess children\'s attachment security and internalization of rules of conduct. Further, we decided to use an independent data source (i.e., behavioral measure) for the assessment of inhibitory control. A literature review revealed that a great variety of observational measures (e.g., test batteries including delaying, suppressing activity to a signal; for overviews see Spinrad et al., [@B64]; Garon et al., [@B21]) has been used to assess inhibitory control in the field of development psychology. Some of these measures, however, have been criticized for their poor construct validity and for being rather unspecific (Schachar and Logan, [@B55]; Oosterlaan et al., [@B44]). We therefore applied the Stop-task (Logan, [@B36]), which is an established procedure in cognitive psychology for specifically assessing inhibitory control. As the Stop-task has also been successfully applied in previous studies with children (
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nothing better than a hot dog at a baseball game. We each had three! Unfortunately, as they have done 60% of the time this year, the Rockies lost. Lori likes ribs, but she has a limit on how many she wants to eat....like 1 or 2. Normally rib houses sell them by the rack, not by the rib. So Famous Daves would have been great for her. She can get just two ribs Colorado School of Mines is in Golden Colorado. And so is the huge Coors Brewery. All these people were waiting for a tour of the brewery. We had some time before our flight from Denver to Des Moines so we visited another US favorite -- Taco Bell. Grant had eight tacos. We flew on the day when United had their computer glitch. This is a shot of a very long customer service line. It was so long United was giving out sandwiches and chips to people that were waiting. Final college stop was at Iowa State. Here we broke tradition and stayed at the Union instead of a Holiday Inn Express. Bad move. Our room had a great view of the Campanile. Unfortunately, the bells chime every 15 minutes day and night. Carpenter House -- my dorm floor during Freshman year. We visited Grant's cousin Amanda at her lab on ISU. Friley Hall has been around forever. I think my dad lived there in the 50's. I know my sister lived there in the 70's. Supposedly it is one of the largest dorms in the US. We timed our visit to Don & Joan's home well. Dave & Trish were there too. Cousins Catherine and Margaret (and their Dad) really bailed us out. Our flight from Moline to Chicago was cancelled and we were going to miss our connection to Amsterdam. There aren't too many of those flights so we would basically lose a day. We just caught Dave and his family as they left the farm. They waited for us to drive out there and then they took us to Chicago O'Hare. Great service. No comments: Post a Comment Welcome Readers of this blog will get a glimpse into our family's experiences during our posting in The Netherlands. We arrived in Wassenaar in August 2010 and have been enjoying ourselves ever since -- it's a great place to live.Robotic surgery in urology: facts and reality. What are the real advantages of robotic approaches for prostate cancer patients? Despite the worldwile increasing use of robotic assistance for oncology surgery, no level 1 evidence-based benefit favoring robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) versus pure laparoscopic or open approaches has been demonstrated. We aimed to perform an update of the available evidence by evaluating most recent 2016-2017 data. Population-based and prospective nonrandomized studies and one phase III randomised trial have been recently published. Early results from the phase III trial suggested that RARP led to similar early functional and oncologic outcomes compared with open radical prostatectomy. Shorter operative time, hospital stay, and lower complications rate and blood loss were reported in RARP group compared with open radical prostatectomy group. Population-based data did not demonstrate any benefit from one approach over another in terms of functional and oncologic outcomes. Robot assistance is predictive for improved potency recovery in organ-confined tumor in one large prospective trial. Main limitations, different among studies, were lack of randomization or single operator cohorts, short-term follow-up, and absence of confounding factors analysis. Robotic assistance seems to confer better results than open radical prostatectomy procedures in terms of intra- and immediate postoperative parameters (operative time, blood loss and hospital stay). Clear advantages of one technique over another on robust functional or oncologic endpoints remain unproven.This contemporary Austin hotel is located in the fine dining and luxury shopping district of The Domain. It features an on-site restaurant and rooms with free Wi-Fi. Vibrant colours and chic details are showcased in each guest room at Westin Austin at The Domain. Rooms are furnished with a flat-screen TV, mp3 docking station, and private safe. Guests will also enjoy plush bathrobes and free toiletries. Each room features bathrobes and a cordless phone. A well-equipped fitness centre and a business centre with computers and printing services are accessible on location at Austin Westin at The Domain. Guests can go for a swim in the pool or relax in lounge chairs on the sun terrace. Urban – an American grill and bar serves fresh salads, sandwiches, steaks and seafood in a casual setting. Urban Lounge offers a selection of beer, wine, and specialty cocktails and a Sunday brunch. The 6th Street entertainment district is 12 miles from the hotel. Austin-Bergstrom International Airport is within 30 minutes’ drive. معلومات هامة You must show a valid photo ID and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all special requests cannot be guaranteed and are subject to availability upon check-in. Additional charges may apply. Guests are required to show a photo identification and credit card upon check-in. Please note that all Special Requests are subject to availability and additional charges may apply.Credit: The Ohio State University Daughters and sons of mothers who tied the knot young are more likely to want to marry early too, but only if Mom stayed married, new research has found. And millennials whose moms divorced tend to want to move more slowly, perhaps in the interest of avoiding the mistakes of their parents. Potential brides and grooms appear to be heavily influenced by their mothers' marriages, divorces and choices to live with a partner, according to a new nationwide study that included 2,581 moms and 3,914 of their children. Children whose moms wed young and stayed married were eager to marry in their late teens or early 20s themselves, the researchers found. Not so, however, for sons and daughters whose moms married young but then divorced - they still overwhelmingly hoped to marry, but they wanted to do it later. "After witnessing their parents' divorce, the children of divorce may feel the need to take extra time and care in choosing a partner," researchers from The Ohio State University wrote in the Journal of Family Psychology. The later marital expectations for kids of divorced moms may hold some good news, said Rachel Arocho, the study's lead author and a research fellow in human development and family science at Ohio State. "Those who wait longer are more likely to have lasting unions when and if they do marry," she said. "For those parents who divorced it is kind of nice to think that your offspring may avoid the same problems by taking longer to find a partner." Kids of moms who moved in with a partner after divorce had lower expectations that they would ever marry. "That may be because they have seen that marriage is not the only pathway for a committed romantic relationship," said Claire Kamp Dush, senior author of the study and associate professor of human sciences and sociology. The Ohio State team used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, a national survey of people who were between 14 and 21 years old when they were first interviewed in 1979, and from follow-up surveys with their children. The NLSY79 is conducted by Ohio State's Center for Human Resource Research for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. About 88 percent of the offspring interviewed in the mid-1990s when they were between 13 and 24 years old said they thought they would marry. Their average desired age of marriage was 25. Almost 40 percent of their mothers had divorced after an average marital age of 20. Social scientists care about marital timing because of its connection to the health of the union and the chances it will end in divorce. Those who divorce face higher risks to their mental and physical health, Kamp Dush said. And those who wait to get married tend to be more mature and bring better relationship skills to the table, she said. But, as she and Arocho write in the paper, "It is important to note that delaying marriage past the early- to mid-20s is not necessarily a prescription for marital success." Some research has found that there is little additional divorce-prevention benefit to marrying past ages 22 to 25. In general, Americans are marrying later. The median age of first marriage was 29.2 for men and 27.5 for women in 2013, according to the National Center for Family & Marriage Research. But some - as many as a quarter - still marry much earlier, and understanding the influences that play into those decisions can help guide efforts to counsel young brides and grooms so that they might have happier, healthier marriages, Arocho said. In the new study, the researchers found that moms' experiences also played a role in kids' cohabitation experiences. If mothers divorced, millennials were more likely to move in with a partner at a young age. Between 2006 and 2010, most men (82 percent) and women (74 percent) had experienced cohabitation as their first union. Knowing what influences the romantic plans and goals of teens and young adults is important for those seeking to prepare young people for fulfilling relationships, Arocho said. Explore further Waiting until early 20s to have kids brings no health benefits later on/* Test for a reload bug: if you have a memory reference using the indexed addressing mode, and the base address is a pseudo containing an address in the frame and this pseudo fails to get a hard register,
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False Which is greater: 0.050678 or 0.1? 0.1 Is -2/12393999 bigger than 1? False Which is smaller: -32/2355 or 0? -32/2355 Which is smaller: 7492/19 or 394? 394 Is -1.7891 != -1/4? True Is -1 bigger than -3/2965004? False Which is greater: -1145 or -1155? -1145 Which is smaller: -1623/2 or -813? -813 Is 0 bigger than 1/14675? False Which is bigger: 6565 or -10? 6565 Which is greater: -1084 or 20? 20 Is 961902 smaller than -1? False Is 19 at most -269? False Is -5 <= -1370/253? False Which is smaller: 369093/4 or 92274? 369093/4 Which is greater: 2/306151 or 1? 1 Is -106367 bigger than -106366? False Is -138 bigger than -9? False Which is greater: -793050 or -2? -2 Do 421631 and -0.1 have the same value? False Is -27654 >= -27634? False Is 1 greater than or equal to -65/626? True Does 3283/13 = 253? False Which is greater: 1407097 or -2? 1407097 Are -252546 and 1/3 equal? False Is 246637 < 246639? True Is -0.13579 at least as big as -2? True Which is smaller: 3366 or 3364? 3364 Which is greater: 2.31 or 14420? 14420 Is 222928 at most as big as 0.2? False Which is bigger: -120858 or -362572/3? -362572/3 Is 3230 greater than 2433? True Is 1824137 <= 1824137? True Is -10 greater than -1.2011? False Is 1119 >= -0.2? True Is 26777 <= -2/9? False Is 1 greater than or equal to 78/1541? True Is -385930 greater than or equal to -385929? False Is 2597 less than or equal to 158394/61? False Which is smaller: 43856 or 43951? 43856 Which is bigger: -2/12118017 or 0? 0 Is 1829 > 1587? True Is 3/78827 at least as big as 0? True Is 244 greater than or equal to 7038/29? True Which is smaller: -118680 or -118660? -118680 Which is smaller: -79575 or -79577? -79577 Which is greater: 20/57 or 0? 20/57 Which is smaller: 6/7 or 339901? 6/7 Is -45651 bigger than -45662? True Is 0.19 at most -3/434? False Which is greater: -14 or 88/515? 88/515 Which is greater: -1182 or -1106? -1106 Do 1 and 11/3604 have the same value? False Do -14844 and -14844 have the same value? True Is 638/2821 smaller than 1? True Which is greater: 2595/1241 or 3? 3 Is -78 at least as big as -24377? True Do -909 and -6367/7 have the same value? False Are -21022 and -3.5 non-equal? True Which is smaller: 10645 or -4? -4 Which is greater: -3/5 or 2650? 2650 Is -129776 less than -129777? False Which is bigger: 3464660 or 3464661? 3464661 Which is bigger: 1/8 or -1147? 1/8 Are 166 and 56.8 unequal? True Which is bigger: -1/9573 or 1? 1 Which is smaller: 32791 or 32793? 32791 Which is smaller: 2/86993 or 1.7? 2/86993 Is -216 at most 3/2? True Are -8942 and -107309/12 equal? False Which is bigger: 0 or -648/41? 0 Is 225465 less than or equal to 225462? False Is -2.4843 smaller than -9/11? True Which is smaller: 8 or 247691? 8 Which is bigger: -10/235967 or -1? -10/235967 Does 5652 = 5652? True Which is smaller: 0 or -35/41019? -35/41019 Which is smaller: -3 or -499/204? -3 Which is greater: 33494 or 33666? 33666 Which is smaller: 1 or -110/729? -110/729 Is 1569 bigger than 1580? False Is 6677 greater than 6550? True Which is greater: 16931 or 16933? 16933 Which is greater: -622 or -585? -585 Is 591 at most as big as -53.84? False Is -1 bigger than 4823/3? False Which is greater: -1 or -2/216741? -2/216741 Is -0.0509617 bigger than 0? False Which is smaller: 5 or -35918? -35918 Which is smaller: 18787/8 or 2349? 18787/8 Which is smaller: -18084 or -18085? -18085 Which is greater: -63220/13 or -4864? -63220/13 Is 12420 smaller than 12418? False Is -81183/11 less than -7380? True Is -4 at most as big as -0.03203? True Which is bigger: -1 or 1/850291? 1/850291 Is 612966 not equal to 612965? True Which is smaller: -1/4 or -3.122? -3.122 Which is smaller: -18721 or -18717? -18721 Is 13573/17 at least 797? True Is 53 at least 6.82? True Does -0.1 = -428.35? False Is -2/147767 at least as big as -1? True Is 2/1308777 bigger than -1? True Which is greater: 1 or 1/8126837? 1 Which is greater: -740555 or 0? 0 Is 749775 at least as big as 749774? True Is -17059/132 < -128? True Which is bigger: -12580 or -188716/15? -12580 Is 20/170003 > 0? True Which is bigger: 530393 or 530390? 530393 Which is greater: 2157/2 or 0.085? 2157/2 Which is smaller: 1016705/3 or 338902? 1016705/3 Which is greater: 50543/5 or 10108? 50543/5 Is -1 smaller than 1/20345? True Which is smaller: 3/21707 or 28? 3/21707 Which is bigger: -6/5 or 8.29? 8.29 Which is smaller: -29 or -4207/139? -4207/139 Which is bigger: 8 or 1373/167? 1373/167 Are 2/5 and -31380 equal? False Is -316/6015 less than or equal to -1? False Which is greater: -199192 or -199184? -199184 Are 2 and 3078/3901 equal? False Which is smaller: -19/5276 or -1? -1 Which is smaller: -124 or 1366? -124 Do 1070 and 15 have the same value? False Which is greater: 913133/5 or 182628? 182628 Which is greater: -1/56569 or 0? 0 Are 1 and 23/5389 unequal? True Is 13814 smaller than -2? False Which is greater: -1 or 227/694? 227/694 Which is smaller: -3.95 or -152? -152 Which is smaller: -2/1803289 or 0? -2/1803289 Is 6 equal to 9/5816? False Which is smaller: -1 or -2082/25
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. "Science ignorance is pervasive in our society, and these attitudes are reinforced when some of our leaders are openly antagonistic to established facts," said 2013 Nobel Prize in medicine winner Randy Schekman of the University of California, Berkeley. Well, being led by grumpy old white men, who can't tell their arse from a hole in the ground, I'm surprised this number isn't lower. But hey, keep telling us science is false, that's your thing, but just keep in mind, science still has 100% more evidence than the Bible does. Well, you have to agree that the big bang theory is just that...a theory. While it is very conceivable that the universe has not existed forever, it is also hard for our human minds to wrap around that everything came from a singularity (big bang) 15 billion years ago. I can also see and understand how it is easier for people to believe in a deity that they believe created all. In other words, as with large distances (i.e. light years) it is hard for us to fully comprehend and gauge something so massive. I do not think we will ever pin point the exact cause of the universe's existence...but as the years go by we will better understand evolution. Well, you have to agree that the big bang theory is just that...a theory. While it is very conceivable that the universe has not existed forever, it is also hard for our human minds to wrap around that everything came from a singularity (big bang) 15 billion years ago. I can also see and understand how it is easier for people to believe in a deity that they believe created all. In other words, as with large distances (i.e. light years) it is hard for us to fully comprehend and gauge something so massive. I do not think we will ever pin point the exact cause of the universe's existence...but as the years go by we will better understand evolution. Scientific Theory is a well substantiated claim based off evidence acquired by scientific means. The evidence for the Big Bang is there, and we can see it, but we still don't know what, if anything, transpired. Whenever someone says something is just a "theory" they usually don't understand what a theory is. A lot of people get hypothesis and theory mixed up. Hypothesis is an idea, theory has actual evidence for it. Even things with humongous amounts of evidence are still a "theory" in science. The math suggests there are multiple universe(s) because of expansion (not the normal definition of expansion though). To think that an object the size of a marble with near infinite mass grew to be all the mass in the observable universe is mind-boggling in itself. In a time it takes a photon of light to travel across the width of a proton the universe doubled in size - think about that... crazy Now scientists are saying the cant see past this wall of radiation that is everywhere & about 14 billion light years away in every direction - they are claiming it is the beginning of time ! But, one has to think - if it is a wall - what is on the other side of the wall ? (Just finished the audiobook of Our Mathematical Universe) On topic: My fiance says Im a sociopath, but I just think most people are too stupid to talk to, so I would rather spend my spare time on techie websites "talking shop", and occasionally talking about finding people with the same kind of nerd gene as me who like to talk about space, science, physics, boobs.... So I believe it when I read that 50% of Americans think early man lived in same time as dinosaurs -- that doesnt surprise me. I was about to say I am pretty sure that in NJ the number must not be anywhere near 51% and sure enough in the article some guy who is my exact age and who is an architect from Bridgewater, NJ, which is just 1 town over from where I live actually, is quoted as someone who says they are not sure it happened. Truly SMH Actually, gravity is both a scientific fact and a scientific theory. That's because scientific facts refer to observable behaviour, while theories relate to the principles involved. However, it's unacceptable that anyone would take the word of a religious text over that of scientific evidence. Religion just don't stand up to scrutiny. Scientific Theory is a well substantiated claim based off evidence acquired by scientific means. The evidence for the Big Bang is there, and we can see it, but we still don't know what, if anything, transpired. Well yea, I know that. Point being that theories change as data is gathered which can tip evidence which in turn generates a brand new/modified theory. Theories contain strong evidence (as you mentioned) but not absolute truth/fact/law. In other words, just because there is a big bang theory doesn't imply that there isn't a better explanation or another "this is what happened". There could be other reasons that the universe was created but we, as humans, haven't come up with the technology or understanding for such discovery. There was a steady state theory but as evidence emerged for the big bang it became obsolete...who is to say that will not happen with the big bang theory?Secure the future. A model for an international nursing ethic. Fidelity, accountability, virtues, and caring have been presented as a perspective by which perioperative nurses the world over may use to analyze and begin to approach the many and varied ethical dilemmas and issues that challenge us as professional nurses today. This model is just that--a model. Think about it. Discuss it with your international colleagues this week. Apply it to situations you have faced. I welcome debate and critique, for they are elements of professional and intellectual growth. Secure the future with the new knowledge, skills, and friendships you acquire this week. We have the challenge and the opportunity to help direct the future of our practice. There is uncertainty when we function in isolation. There is strength and unity of purpose when we use our common beliefs to enhance our practice. Secure the future starting now. Care about your patients, their families, and your colleagues. I thank you again for the opportunity and the privilege to share my views with you. I salute you, my colleagues in perioperative nursing.Travel Q&A: Where to Find a Royal Dinner, How to Enter Prince Edward Island Network News Q. For all those Americans like myself who will never be invited to a royal dinner at Windsor Palace: Is there any place that stages a royal dinner (for profit, of course) under the guise of pure escapism for the common man and woman? A. Okay, it's not quite sitting down with Her Majesty, but here are some places where you can have a bit of a nosh amid royal splendor. -- The Royal Yacht Britannia. On the British royal family's former yacht, now decommissioned and moored in Edinburgh, you can drop by for afternoon tea in the Royal Deck Tea Room, where Queen Elizabeth II once entertained world dignitaries. Admission is about $16. Info: 011-44-131-555-5566, http://www.royalyachtbritannia.co.uk. -- Hampton Court Palace. Traditional Tudor dishes are served the first weekend of every month in King Henry VIII's former digs in Surrey. There's also a regular menu, with entrees starting at about $11. Admission is about $23. Details: 011-44-20-3166-6000, http://www.hrp.org.uk/hamptoncourtpalace. -- Hever Castle. The childhood home of Anne Boleyn, about 30 miles from London in West Kent, is hosting a banquet Oct. 29 in the Tudor Suite Dining Hall. Bonus: a "psychic investigation" and a chance to roam the castle afterward. Cost of about $485 per person double includes overnight lodging and breakfast. Reservations: 011-441-732-861800, http://www.hevercastle.co.uk. My wife and I plan a motor trip through New England and may want to go as far as Prince Edward Island. Will we need passports? If not, what other forms of ID might we need for passage into Canada and back? George Taylor, Purcellville To get into Canada by land, you'll need proof of U.S. citizenship as well as proof of identity. A passport, passport card or card from a "trusted traveler" program such as NEXUS is best, but officials will also accept a government-issued photo ID, such as a driver's license, along with a U.S. birth certificate, naturalization certificate or expired U.S. passport. To return to the States by land, you'll need a passport, passport card or a Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative-compliant document, such as an enhanced driver's license or a trusted-traveler card. Note to self: Avoid superlatives. In our Aug. 23 column, we said that Pittsburgh's Monongahela Incline is the steepest incline in the country; reader Sharon Sheldon begged to differ, saying that distinction belongs to the Inclined Plane in Johnstown, Pa. Judge for yourself: The Mon is 635 feet in length, with a 71.5 percent, or 35-degree, 35-minute, grade; Johnstown's incline is 896 feet in length, but with a 70.9, or 35-degree, 25-minute, grade. Several sources do
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right, when you _know_ that what you've done is good, then you know what your existence on earth is all about, and why you keep doing what you do. I wish that everybody in America would read some of his work. I wish everybody in America would find out what a great writer we have living down in Gainesville, Florida. Even if Paul hadn't brought that first book over that day, I still would have discovered him. I would have heard his name mentioned somewhere, because I hear it mentioned everywhere I go. It doesn't matter if it's Seattle or St. Paul, people know about Harry Crews and his work. I think that's a pretty fine tribute, for his name to be scattered so far and so wide. It is only just and fitting. He is one of the greatest treasures that we have. Thanks, Harry, for all you've given us. ## **"I S YOUR NOVEL WORTH A DAMN?"** _Meeting Harry Crews_ **Tim McLaurin** My first novel was in galley form, and I was on my way back from a canoe trip in the Everglades when I decided to veer through Gainesville, Florida. I hoped there was a slim chance that I might contact my favorite writer, Harry Crews. I had been turned on to Harry by the poet James Seay a couple of years before. After reading _A Feast of Snakes_ , I repeatedly returned to the library and bookstore until I had read everything he had in print. Here was a man who wrote about people with scars—folks who cheated and shit and prayed and puked as they searched for their own sense of salvation. He wrote about midgets and obese people, men who ate cars chunk by chunk and fought pit bulls and preached a sold-out gospel. But, by the end of the books, I did not see the characters as freaks or outcasts, but as people with hopes and fears and triumphs and failures like my own. Crews was not afraid to write about the ugly parts of life because he knew that by having a man or woman face adversity a window opened into their true heart and soul. Despite never having met him, I felt a certain camaraderie with Crews. Both of us had grown up rural and poor. We both joined the Marines at eighteen. With my novel approaching the publication date, we both would have our first books printed in our mid-thirties. We wrote about basically the same people—the underclass, folks who worked with their hands and grasped and snatched life from day to day. I rolled into Gainesville in the late afternoon and got a cheap motel room. After downing a few beers for courage, I opened the phone book to the _C_ section. To my surprise, a "Harry Crews" was listed. All of the writers I knew back in my home state of North Carolina had unlisted numbers. I funneled another beer, then took a deep breath and dialed. The phone rang a couple of times, then I heard a click and a thundering voice rang out—"HARRY CREWS!" I nearly dropped the phone. Stammering at first, I introduced myself, told Harry that I was a big fan of his work, a first-time novelist, and wondered if I might buy him a beer or a cup of coffee. He told me to meet him at his office the following morning at the university. I was elated when I hung up. At nine a.m. I stood outside his office. Shortly, he turned a corner in the hallway, a large man, limping, craggy-faced, with intense, piercing eyes. He looked about as much like the public-imagined "John Updike" image of a writer as Peter Pan did to Godzilla. We shook hands, then went to McDonald's for coffee. I admit I was in awe. I knew probably a couple hundred other young writers and fans had sought his time. But despite his gravelly voice and fierce stare, he seemed truly interested in my recall of the one hundred-mile canoe trip I had just taken and the novel I had forthcoming. Under the table, I picked at my nails and tried to work up the courage to address one of the reasons I had called him. I guess he sensed that. "Well, send me a galley, and if I like it I'll give you a blurb for the dust jacket." Harry was good for his word. When I received an advance copy of my book, of several notable writers who had endorsed it, I was proudest of seeing his words and name. A few years later, I wrote my third book, a memoir of growing up in the South that had been inspired by the raw honesty of Harry's own memories of his youth in _A Childhood: The Biography of a Place._ Again, he gifted me with a quote that I have often said is the best piece of writing in the book. Harry Crews taught me that I should write what I know about, and that the characters and their words and actions should be true to the reality of their lives. I learned that by taking this route, I will probably never make the bestseller list, but the people who do read my books will look forward to the next and will remember the previous ones. He also taught me that if a man writes of the affected, of those who live hard and hope mightily, he is usually himself of that caste and should not live too insulated from his past. Today, after six books, I still have a listed phone number. Some callers are kooks that I endure; others leave tears in my eyes from kind words I know they pulled from their guts. Nearly a decade has passed since that first conversation with Harry, but I cannot and will not forget the young writer who dialed the number of a man he admired, and that man who answered and spoke his name. ## **"T HE USE OF _I_ , LOVELY AND TERRIFYING WORD" _Autobiographical Authority and the Representation of "Redneck" Masculinity in_ A Childhood** **James H. Watkins** Near the beginning of his memoir, _A Childhood: The Biography of a Place_ (1978), Harry Crews describes an incident in which he first feels the impulse to engage in the autobiographical act. In this scene, twenty-one-year-old Crews, who has returned home for a visit after finishing a stint in the Marines, has been taken by his mother's brother to a section of his home county in South Georgia where his father, Ray Crews, lived as a young man. There he listens to his father's old friends and acquaintances as they recount one story after another about the elder Crews, who died when the author was an infant. One particularly colorful account involves a practical joke his father and an unnamed "taleteller" played on Tweek Fletchum, a local moonshiner, who revealed his lack of appreciation by peppering the two fleeing pranksters with a shotgun blast. When Crews expresses incredulity the man then bends forward, pulls up his shirt, and exposes the "sign of the bird shot" as evidence of his truthfulness, to which the author observes to the reader, "Wounds or scars give an awesome credibility to a story" (21). Unsettled (though apparently not unpersuaded) by the corporeal nature of the evidence, Crews shifts his attention from his father's past to his own future and beyond, wondering "what would give credibility to my own story if, when my young son grows to manhood, he has to go looking for me in the mouths and memories of other people. Who would tell the stories?" Realizing that his son is never likely to have an opportunity to hear stories about him in such a communal setting, he arrives at a conclusion that signals the germinal moment of the text: "It was in that moment and in that knowledge that I first had the notion that I would someday have to write about it all, but not in the convenient and comfortable metaphors of fiction, which I had been doing for years. It would have to be done naked, without the disguising distance of the third person pronoun. Only the use of _I_ , lovely and terrifying word, would get me to the place I needed to go" (21). Here Crews demonstrates his awareness that the transmission and reception of autobiography and memoir involve a different set of conditions and consequences than does fiction. The logic of his implicit comparison suggests that autobiographical writing is to fiction what physical scars are to mere words; it is concrete rather than abstract, immediate and self-evident instead of distanced and cloaked in the disguise of art(ifice). While some readers may be inclined to regard with suspicion any autobiographer's explicit claims to narrative truth—in much the same way that we become suddenly wary when someone we have just met at a party prefaces an account with, "I swear this really happened"—the fact remains that we do respond differently to autobiography than we do to other genres. That response is characterized, as Crews clearly understands, in large part by a desire for the "truth" of a life, a longing that does not disappear completely simply because we may lack faith in the credibility of a narrator or even in the representational capacity of language itself. As theoreticians Elizabeth Bruss and Philippe Lejeune have shown independently, autobiography is accorded a special status among the other literary genres which allows it to speak with a degree and specific form of authority that are not granted to fiction or poetry
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Constrained Mechanism Optimization ---------------------------------- One may see this setup as a multi-objective optimization problem as proposed in [@Wang2012]. However, the objectives are indirectly and nonlinearly correlated and appropriately setting the preferences among each objective to meet a particular set of requirements is difficult. Instead, complying with the general business objective, we formulate our business problem into a constrained optimization setup, which optimizes over auction parameters $\theta_1 \cdots \theta_{|\mathcal{C}|}$ for each category $c$. In detail, the goal is to find the best parameters of which the outcome of auctions maximizes the total revenue of the platform, while being feasible for the constraints on the metrics of CTR, PPC, CVR, CPA and PVR, etc. We denote targets of lower bounds of CTR and CVR, lower and upper bounds of CPC, CPA and PVR as $\underline{\rho}$, $\underline{\rho}'$, $\underline{\pi}$, $\overline{\pi}$, $\underline{\pi}'$, $\overline{\pi}'$, $\underline{\kappa}$ and $\overline{\kappa}$, respectively. Directly solving the optimization problem is intractable since we are working on the second price auction mechanism, the outcomes are typically non-convex and even discontinuous with respect to the parameters $\theta$. It is fascinating and challenging to formulate the optimization problem into a sophisticated framework, such as convex optimization [@Boyd2004]. In this article, we present a novel re-parametrization of ranking score function using a set of representative parameter instances to make the optimization problem practical. The instances in the set are selected by evenly discretizing each dimension of the parameter within a bounded-box centering at parameter $\tilde{\theta_c}$ of the original ranking function. In our experiments, the number of selected fixed parameter vectors $K$, as is the number of grids in the bounded-box, is 2025. This set of parameters $\{\theta_{c, j}$, $j \in 1 \cdots K\}$ for each request categories $ c \in \mathcal{C}$ provides a comprehensive range of different outcomes of auctions around that of the original $\tilde{\theta_c}$’s. By weighing the elements in the set, we are able to tune it to produce specific results. To steer the outcome of the family of ranking score functions, we asign a probability of selecting the instance $\theta_{c,j}$ for category $c$, denoted as $x_{c,j}$. In application, the process of applying this family of mechanisms in sponsored search auction is described in Algorithm\[alg:online\]. The re-parametrization with $x_{c,*}$ makes the constrained optimization problem practical. We articulate the method of obtaining the best distribution $x_{c,j}$ over $\theta_{c,j}$ conforming to the business requirements. For each request $q_i$ of category $c$, the ranking function with parameter $\theta_{c,j}$ produces the corresponding ranking and pricing result, of which we denote the expected user response of click and purchase as $\rho_{i,j}$ and $\rho'_{i,j}$ and the price of click as $\pi_{i,j}$. With all the auction outcomes of each request with all the ranking function instances, our problem is to find the particular probability values $x_{c,j}$ for each category and each ranking function of the category that maximizes expected revenue and meets the business requirements in expectation. Formally, the constrained optimization problem is materialized as: $$\begin{aligned} \operatorname*{arg\,min}_{\mathbf{x}}\,\, & -\Sigma_{c}\,\Sigma_i \Sigma_j {\small \mathcal{I}\{q_i \in c \}} x_{c,j} \rho_{i,j}\pi_{i,j} \label{prob:practical_obj}\\ \text{s.t. }\, & \Sigma_{c}\,\Sigma_i \Sigma_j {\small \mathcal{I}\{q_i \in c \}} x_{c,j} \rho_{i,j} \geq \underline{\rho} \label{prob:ctr_distr_constraint} \\ \underline{\pi} \leq & \frac{\Sigma_{c} \, \Sigma_i \Sigma_j {\small \mathcal{I}\{q_i \in c \}} x_{c,j} \rho_{i,j}\pi_{i,j}}{ \Sigma_{c}\,\Sigma_i \Sigma_j {\small \mathcal{I}\{q_i \in c \}} x_{c,j} \rho_{i,j}} \leq \overline{\pi} \label{prob:ppc_distr_constraint} \\ \underline{\kappa} \leq & \frac{\Sigma_c\,\Sigma_i \Sigma_j {\small \mathcal{I}\{q_i \in c \}}x_{c,j}{\small \mathcal{I}\{\text{ad}_i \text{ exists}\}}}{\Sigma_c\,\Sigma_i \Sigma_j {\small \mathcal{I}\{q_i \in c \}}x_{c,j} \mathbf{1}} \leq \overline{\kappa} \label{prob:pvr_distr_constraint} \\ & \frac{\Sigma_{c} \, \Sigma_i \Sigma_j {\small \mathcal{I}\{q_i \in c \}} x_{c,j} \rho_{i,j}\rho'_{i,j} }{\Sigma_{c} \, \Sigma_i \Sigma_j {\small \mathcal{I}\{q_i \in c \}} x_{c,j} \rho_{i,j} } \geq \underline{\rho}' \label{prob:cvr_distr_constraint} \\ \underline{\pi}' \leq & \frac{\Sigma_{c} \, \Sigma_i \Sigma_j {\small \mathcal{I}\{q_i \in c \}} x_{c,j} \rho_{i,j}\pi_{i,j} }{\Sigma_{c} \, \Sigma_i \Sigma_j {\small \mathcal{I}\{q_i \in c \}} x_{c,j} \rho_{i,j}\rho'_{i,j} } \leq \overline{\pi}' \label{prob:cpa_distr_constraint} \\ & \sum_{j=1}^{K} x_{c, j} = 1, \text{ } \forall c \in \mathcal{C} \label{prob:sum_1} \\ & x_{c, j} \geq 0, \text{ } \forall c \in \mathcal{C}, \forall j \in 1,\cdots,K \label{prob:prob}\end{aligned}$$ where $\mathcal{I}\{x\} = 1$ if $x$ is true and 0 otherwise. In this way, we simplify the complex continuous parameter optimization problem into a discrete K-armed bandits optimization problem. To construct this setup, we estimate the resulted business indicators just at selected discrete$\theta_{c, j}$ instead of every possible instance of $\theta$. When focusing on the fixed set of rules, we are able to improve the accuracy of the estimations. Also, compared with a solution of one single ranking function, a distribution of the fixed instances has a spectrum of much finer-grained outcome, since it is essentially a linear combination of the outcomes of the ranking functions in the set. Also, when applied online in the stochastic environment, a distribution of multiple instances works more smoothly and robustly than a fixed one. Implementation ============== The key problem in constructing the problem setup in Eq.... is to evaluate the coefficients which are determined by the auction outcome and stochastic user responses. Applying $\theta_{c,j}$ directly online to real traffics in short periods will merely result in observations with high variance, yet applying in longer period is unaffordable since it would seriously damage the performance of the platform when applying $\theta$ that fiercely violates the business constraints. We carry out a biased but smooth estimation via offline replay simulation. After estimating all the business indicators and set up the coefficients in Eq...., it is fairly straightforward to solve the problem using augmented Lagrangian method [@Birgin2014]. Also, an entropy regularization term is added to the optimization goal in Eq. to make the results robust to the error in the performance indicator computation by offline auction simulation. Offline Replay Simulation ------------------------- In this work, we approximate the auction outcomes under different mechanism parameters by replaying the recorded online auctions using the parameters. Compared with applying to real online traffic, the offline replay simulation is safe since it has no effect on online user experience and advertiser’s ROI. More importantly, we are able to apply various ranking and pricing rules to the exactly same set of requests and ad candidates. Whereas online evaluation of rules are based on splitting of real traffics and so on different set of requests, which brings variance. Replay logs consist of the request context, the query and the user profile, and the whole set of ads’ information in auction including predicted CTR, CVR and bidding price. Under the hood, the ad serving module records each of the ad request and the algorithmic module records the CTR and CVR predictions for the request as well as bidding information of each ad candidate. The recorded data are then collected by ETL infrastructures, aggregated and joined by the request id and eventually stored on Alibaba cloud, where we implement the
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know they have a history of doing this. But we want to be awfully careful this doesnít spill over to, you know, everything else, to where, you know, the whole -- people get laid off for a week, and then they become nonexempt, and then theyíre forced to work much harder the other three weeks to make up for the one they were laid off. I mean, this -- we really should have Mr. Locker here. COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: Weíll have Mr. Locker. But my view is that, you know, we had the situation the employers are asking for, up until Milesí letter came out on May 30th. And we didnít have those abuses. And thatís been over decades. So I think the real world has already told us that employers are not going to abuse the -- what was the status quo. Any other comments? MS. GATES: No. COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: Thank you. MS. GATES: Thank you. COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: Iím going to suggest, then, that we schedule a meeting for Friday, June 29th. Does that work? COMMISSIONER ROSE: Fine with me. COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: And I guess weíll just decide the location later. Is that enough time? You have to have 10-day notice? MS. STRICKLIN: Yes. COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: That gives you enough time, right? MS. BANE: Yes. COMMISSIONER BOSCO: I was told that after we did the AB 60 implementation, this Commission wouldnít have any more controversial issues. COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: I thought that too. I thought that too, yeah. I thought that too. COMMISSIONER ROSE: And at that meeting -- at that meeting, we will have Miles -- COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: Have Miles, and Art Lujan, if he so chooses, to come in and explain. COMMISSIONER ROSE: And Iím sure these folks. COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: Yeah, and anyone else. Yeah, anyone else who has -- Iím sure it will be a big room that weíll need. COMMISSIONER ROSE: Can we have a copy of the letter? COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, Bridget. We need -- MS. BANE: Weíll supply a copy of the letter from Mr. Locker and any other relevant documents. COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: And the Cadell letter, and the -- well, thatís -- MS. BANE: Absolutely, we will, and -- COMMISSIONER ROSE: That will be the only subject at that meeting. Is that correct? COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: Yes. Yes. MS. BANE: I would like to suggest that you allow staff and counsel to prepare a letter for your consideration for Mr. Dombrowski to send to invite Mr. Locker, and perhaps to delineate some issues. COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: Sure. Sure. Okay. All right. Any other business? (No response) COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: I need a motion to adjourn. COMMISSIONER ROSE: Move we adjourn. COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: Second? COMMISSIONER CREMINS: Second. COMMISSIONER DOMBROWSKI: All in favor, say "aye." (Chorus of "ayes") (Thereupon, at 1:12 p.m., the public meeting was adjourned.) --o0o-- CERTIFICATE OF REPORTER/TRANSCRIBER --o0o-- I, Cynthia M. Judy, a duly designated reporter and transcriber, do hereby declare and certify under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that I transcribed the three tapes recorded by me at the Public Meeting of the Industrial Welfare Commission, held on June 15, 2001, in San Francisco, California, and that the foregoing pages constitute a true, accurate, and complete transcription of the aforementioned tape, to the best of my ability.--- abstract: 'We show a fractal uncertainty principle with exponent ${1\over 2}-\delta+\varepsilon$, $\varepsilon>0$, for Ahflors–David regular subsets of $\mathbb R$ of dimension $\delta\in (0,1)$. This improves over the volume bound ${1\over 2}-\delta$, and $\varepsilon$ is estimated explicitly in terms of the regularity constant of the set. The proof uses a version of techniques originating in the works of Dolgopyat, Naud, and Stoyanov on spectral radii of transfer operators. Here the group invariance of the set is replaced by its fractal structure. As an application, we quantify the result of Naud on spectral gaps for convex co-compact hyperbolic surfaces and obtain a new spectral gap for open quantum baker maps.' address: - 'Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139' - 'Department of Mathematics, Purdue University, 150 N. University St, West Lafayette, IL 47907' author: - Semyon Dyatlov - Long Jin --- A *fractal uncertainty principle* (FUP) states that no function can be localized close to a fractal set in both position and frequency. Its most basic form is $$\label{e:fup-simple} \|\indic_{\Lambda(h)}\mathcal F_h\indic_{\Lambda(h)}\|_{L^2(\mathbb R)\to L^2(\mathbb R)}=\mathcal O(h^\beta)\quad\text{as }h\to 0$$ where $\Lambda(h)$ is the $h$-neighborhood of a bounded set $\Lambda\subset\mathbb R$, $\beta$ is called the *exponent* of the uncertainty principle, and $\mathcal F_h$ is the semiclassical Fourier transform: $$\label{e:F-h} \mathcal F_h u(\xi)=(2\pi h)^{-1/2}\int_{\mathbb R} e^{-ix\xi/h}u(x)\,dx.$$ We additionally assume that $\Lambda$ is an Ahlfors–David regular set (see Definition \[d:regular-set\]) of dimension $\delta\in (0,1)$ with some regularity constant $C_R>1$. Using the bounds $\|\mathcal F_h\|_{L^2\to L^2}=1$, $\|\mathcal F_h\|_{L^1\to L^\infty}\leq h^{-1/2}$, the Lebesgue volume bound $\mu_L(\Lambda(h))\leq Ch^{1-\delta}$, and Hölder’s inequality, it is easy to obtain  with $\beta=\max(0,{1\over 2}-\delta)$. Fractal uncertainty principles were applied by Dyatlov–Zahl [@hgap], Dyatlov–Jin [@oqm], and Bourgain–Dyatlov [@fullgap] to the problem of essential spectral gap in quantum chaos: *which open quantum chaotic systems have exponential decay of local energy at high frequency?* A fractal uncertainty principle can be used to show local energy decay $\mathcal O(e^{-\beta t})$, as was done for convex co-compact hyperbolic quotients in [@hgap] and for open quantum baker’s maps in [@oqm]. Here $\Lambda$ is related to the set of all trapped classical trajectories of the system and  needs to be replaced by a more general statement, in particular allowing for a different phase in . The volume bound $\beta={1\over 2}-\delta$ corresponds to the Patterson–Sullivan gap or more generally, the *pressure gap*. See §§\[s:hyper\],\[s:oqm\] below for a more detailed discussion. A natural question is: can one obtain  with $\beta>\max(0,{1\over 2}-\delta)$, and if so, how does the size of the improvement depend on $\delta$ and $C_R$? Partial answers to this question have been obtained in the papers mentioned above: - [@hgap] obtained FUP with $\beta>0$ when $|\delta-{1\over 2}|$ is small depending on $C_R$, and gave the bound $\beta>\exp(-\mathbf K (1+\log^{14}C_R))$ where $\mathbf K$ is a global constant; - [@fullgap] proved FUP with $\beta>0$ in the entire range $\delta\in (0,1)$, with no explicit bounds on the dependence of $\beta$ on $\delta,C_R$; - [@oqm] showed that discrete Cantor sets satisfy FUP with $\beta>\max(0,{1\over 2}-\delta)$ in the entire range $\delta\in (0,1)$ and obtained quantitative lower bounds on the size of the improvement – see §\[s:oqm
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these days – mutherfucking logic. The mainstream media and exit poll naysayers want you to believe that incompetent pollsters consistently fail to select a proper representation of the districts they poll – despite the fact that exit polling accounts for this bias by recording a declining voter’s age bracket, gender and any obvious racial background information; precisely so the final numbers can be corrected in fucking response to who was and wasn’t polled. These numbers are also adjusted for political affiliation as well and conducted across voting stations likely to provide a wide demographic of potential respondents, so that pretty much shatters the myth that unadjusted exit poll numbers can be manipulated by political bias as well. These aren’t special goddamn features of Eastern European exit polls being conducted by international monitors for fuck’s sake folks – they’re just how you do exit polling in general. Of course, if you were a particularly dishonest little media ratfucker like say, Nate Silver, you could simply fall back on sheer incompetence to account for the sudden unreliability of exit polls that only seems to affect Western democracies and timed out exactly with the ubiquitous appearance of FEC standardized black block voting machines in the United States. Naturally, that does raise an interesting series of questions – if all of these polling companies are consistently incapable of maintaining the bare minimum fucking standard for exit polling, why do giant media corporations like CNN, citizens groups and in some cases our own government keep hiring them? If they aren’t controlling properly for demographics, why haven’t these companies been replaced by others who will do so? If they don’t ask the right questions, why not and how is it fucking possible in a free market society that still has major fucking suspicions about the 2000 & 2004 Presidential elections, that no superior, more accurate polling service has emerged to replace it? Are you aware that you’re talking about a country where figuring out how to guarantee delivery ten minutes faster than everyone else can lead to the creation of an international fast food franchise, despite your goddamn pizza indisputably tasting like cardboard with some fucking grease on it? We definitively know there’s a right and a wrong way to conduct exit polls and since that fact can be found with a fucking google search it only stands to reason some enterprising young math geek who can also use the internet would be swooping up contracts left and right if it was just a question of methodology. Why would private corporations that depend on bottom line, accurate information keep hiring polling companies that can’t conduct a simple exit poll properly? Who controls what questions the exit poll asks and why did they decide to stop asking “who did you vote for last election” when that same question can be used to objectively prove widespread, repetitive fraud in American elections? Is it because only a complete goddamn jackass would believe it’s possible for 110% of living Bush voters from 2000 to turn up and vote for him again in 2004; especially since roughly three million of them were either dead by then or hadn’t registered to vote in that next election? Am I seriously supposed to believe that you can run a highly accurate exit poll in bloody Ukraine that proves election fraud, but somehow this is utterly fucking impossible in the richest, most technologically advanced democracy on the fucking planet? So, now that we’ve established that unadjusted exit polls are accurate, can be used to identify election fraud in infinitely less stable political environments than the United States (like say, Serbia for fuck’s sake) and that the only thing preventing this from being completely fucking obvious to everyone in the country is the fact that they actually fucking adjust the exit polls to match the results – the only real remaining question is, are mainstream media collaborators who cover elections in America stupid, or do they just think we are? In the case of Nate Silver at least, I can assure you folks that from years of reading his work at both the New York Times and Five-Thirty-Eight; Nate is by no means stupid which would appear to answer our prior question fairly convincingly – he thinks we are. Remember folks, Silver is not in the “being wrong about the final results of openly corrupt, fixed elections” business, Nate’s job is to accurately predict the official results of an election as closely as mutherfucking possible and leave the philosophers to sort out non-data driven concepts like “legality” or “fairness.” Well, are you sick of mathematical models and exit polls yet? Good, because despite the fact that I’m absolutely certain that the exit poll data could not be generated without the Democratic presidential nomination process being completely fucking rigged, I’ve got a whole bunch of regular, old-fashioned evidence to share with you as well. You didn’t seriously think a goddamn putz like Hillary Clinton could rig primary after primary without leaving a massive trail of proof did you? First and foremost, let’s stop and take a brief look at the unarguably dishonest attempts the Clinton campaign has made to smear, lie about and attack her opponents in the democracy primary through a complicit corporate media and literal goddamn paid trolls on social media. Those of you who regularly read our site will no doubt remember that time in early April when the Clinton campaign and numerous media surrogates launched a simultaneously coordinated smear campaign on Bernie Sanders that included a too clever by half interrogation of Sanders by a NY tabloid owned by a millionaire Clinton foundation donor who actually vacations with the Clinton family, tried to blame the horrific Sandy Hook massacre on Sanders despite the fact that he had absolutely nothing to fucking do with it and spread a couple of outright lies about how many guns the state of Vermont supplies illegally to criminals in New York. While this incident is at once hardly isolated, or in fact illegal, it presents important and indisputable proof that huge elements of the mainstream media are so far in the tank for Clinton they’re going to need scuba gear and a decompression chamber once the 2016 election is over – including Salon, Fortune, Vice, Vanity Fair and USA Today as well as more traditional, open Clinton fanatics like the Washington Post and the New York Times. While no sane person would dispute that the media has a responsibility to draw conclusions about each candidate as well as merely report observations, there is no journalism or ethics professor alive that will tell you the media is allowed to fucking lie about one candidate in obvious support of another during a goddamn primary campaign. Frankly, the obvious mainstream media lying, framing and shilling for Hillary Clinton has gotten so out of hand I actually created a humorous page on the site stuffed full of screenshots of various complicit media drones falling all over themselves to dissemble for Clinton – I call it, the Wall of Shame. This is of course coupled with the utterly disgusting news that one of Hillary Clinton’s Super PACs (at least) has been actively employing an angry mob of online trolls to attack literally anyone who has absolutely anything negative to say about Hillary Clinton on social media sites like Reddit, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and even the comments sections of articles about the 2016 election and primaries. Let’s be honest, this is fucked up enough that I’d be inclined to dismiss it as a conspiracy theory if Clinton’s converted attack dog David Brock hadn’t openly fucking admitted it just over a week ago! Frankly, if the complete clusterfuck my mentions have become is any indication, Hillary really isn’t getting her (mega) money’s worth with these online trolls, which would in and of itself be absolutely fucking hilarious if these lying, harassing psychopaths weren’t attempting to ruin the hard work of grass roots socialists by posting mutherfucking child pornography to outrage opposition supporters and force a Facebook takedown. I think it’s safe to say that legal or otherwise, it is morally goddamn fucking repugnant to employ a fascist shitheel like David Brock and a million bucks worth of online online trolls to harass, gaslight and traumatize regular citizens who don’t happen to like your candidate very much – with fucking child pornography on the internet no less! Again, the key thing to remember about these coordinated media smears, Clinton campaign endorsed lies and paid public trolling is that posting child porn on the internet aside; they aren’t actually illegal but they are most fucking certainly wrong – a twisted, convoluted headspace of denial that Clinton, her boot-licking media drones and her supporters seem completely comfortable inhabiting all the fucking time; like for example when Hillary explains that as Secretary of State she had no idea what a classified email was and she didn’t think it even slightly fucking odd that she was overseeing CIA gunrunning operations in Libya as one of the ten most powerful members of the government without ever having to send one. It’s probably enough to defend one of the most powerful, wealthy women in the western hemisphere in a purely legal sense, but that in no fucking way whatsoever means a rational person can’t tell she’s lying out of her fucking ass in a purely practical, real world sense. Then of course, there are the un-fucking-believable incidents of mass voter purges in Arizona and New York leading up to their respective primaries that just sort of conveniently favor both the Republicans and neoliberal, mainstream Democratic party mandarins that run each respective contest; along with ridiculously anti-democratic new voter ID laws, absurdly long lines caused by a lack of polling stations in poor and/or minority neighborhoods, voters being given provisional ballots that wouldn’t be counted despite being eligible to vote normally in the primary and a ridiculously absurd 193 day prior deadline to change party affiliations in New York before the vote that looks like it was fucking designed to screw Independent voters out of backing a socialist Democrat in the state primary. Again, while many of these open violations of voting rights are caused by and primarily benefit Republicans, the simple
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Pentagon of United States began creating artificial blood to transport blood to remote areas and transfuse blood to wounded soldiers more quickly in 2010.[28] The blood is made from the hematopoietic stem cells removed from umbilical cord between the mother and fetus of humans after birth using a method called blood pharming. Pharming has been used in the past on animals and plants to create medical substances in large quantities. Each cord can produce approximately 20 units of blood or three blood transfusions. The blood is being produced for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency by Arteriocyte. The Food and Drug Administration has examined and approved the safety of this blood from previously submitted O-negative blood. Using this particular artificial blood will reduce the costs per unit of blood from $5,000 to equal or less than $1,000.[28] This blood will also serve as a blood donor to all blood types. Pharmed blood may be used in human trials in 2013. The blood created by Marc Turner of the University of Edinburgh used iPS stem cells instead. However, this project too found that the cost to produce such blood was very high. In 2013 a group scientists from IIT - Madras, India claimed that they were able to generate a quadrillion pure red blood cells from a million stem cells collected from umbilical cords in just a few weeks. The method used is claimed to be different than existing techniques, and they look forward to mass production in the near future. The scientists have applied for patents in India and look forward to an international patent.[29] Researchers at the Dendritech Corporation[30] have begun research, aided by a 2-year, $750,000 grant from the US Army, into the use of dendrimers as substitute oxygen carriers. The precise nature of the research cannot be disclosed, as the company's patent application has not yet been approved. Researchers hope that dendrimer technology will be the first truly cost-efficient blood substitute. Sheffield University's "HBP protected porphyrins" (plastic blood) are another example of dendrimer technology. To enhance circulation times, recombinant or polymerized haemoglobin can be encapsulated within micellar-forming amphiphilic block copolymers. These systems are typically between 30–100 nm in diameter. The hydrophobic core of the polymer micelle is able to solubilize the similarly hydrophobic haemoglobin protein, while the water-soluble corona (which is usually polyethylene glycol) provides a steric barrier to protein absorption, and provides protection from clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Placental umbilical cord blood Cord blood collected asceptically from the placenta after the birth of a healthy baby can be used safely as a blood substitute. It has a higher haemoglobin content and growth factors than normal blood from an adult, which has the potential to benefit patients in varying diseases. A team of Romanian researchers from the Babes-Bolyai University announced in 2010 that they discovered a colorless substance that can replace blood. The substance is based on hemerythrin, and it was tested on mice with encouraging results.[31] The functions of blood are many. Normally, for example, white blood cells defend against disease, platelets allow clotting, and blood proteins perform various functions. In addition, the blood composition includes additional molecules and electrolytes to function properly. Some of these components are substitutable with modern technology, and may, at least, be added to an oxygen-carrying blood substitute to create a more complete blood substitute. Volume expanders could conceptually be called blood substitutes as well, but they are usually not within the scope of blood substitutes. Still, they are sometimes called "plasma substitutes". After William Harvey discovered blood pathways in 1616, many people tried to use fluids such as beer, urine, milk, and animal blood as blood substitute.[2][32] The demand for more blood substitutes began during the Vietnam War as wounded soldiers were unable to be treated at hospitals due to blood shortages. Major worldwide blood shortages have led scientists to synthesize and test artificial blood.[7] Infected blood is a major problem for many countries. Each year 10–15 million units of blood are transfused without being tested first for HIV and hepatitis.[6] The second largest cause of new HIV infections in Nigeria comes from transfused blood. A major problem associated with donated blood is that after it is stored it loses nitric oxide and causes vasoconstriction for the recipient.[33] The first approved oxygen-carrying blood substitute was a perfluorocarbon-based product called Fluosol-DA-20, manufactured by Green Cross of Japan. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989. Because of limited success, complexity of use and side effects, it was withdrawn in 1994. However, Fluosol-DA remains the only oxygen therapeutic ever fully approved by the FDA. In the 1990s, because of the risk of undetected blood bank contamination from HIV, hepatitis C, and other emergent diseases such as Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, there was additional motivation to pursue oxygen therapeutics. Significant progress was achieved, and a haemoglobin-based oxygen therapeutic called Hemopure was approved for Phase III trial (in elective orthopedic surgery) in the U.S., and more widely approved for human use in South Africa. In December 2003, a new haemoglobin-based oxygen therapeutic, PolyHeme, began field tests in a Phase III trial on emergency patients (in trauma settings) in the U.S. PolyHeme was the 15th experiment to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration since 1996. Patient consent is not necessary under the special category created by the FDA for these experiments. In late 2005, an independent panel verified, after the fourth and final review of 500 trauma patients enrolled in this study by that date, that no statistical evidence of safety concerns had arisen so far in the study. This study concluded in mid-2006 with final enrollment of 720 patients. Wired news reported that the trial failed when 47 of the 350 people given PolyHeme died compared to 35 deaths out of 363 in the control group. Debate exists as to whether or not the difference in the mortality rate is attributable to the small sample size. The fact that the experimental subjects did not give consent is a significant factor.[34] In 2010, Hard to Treat Diseases, Inc. (HTD) merged with an anonymous Canadian biotechnology company in hopes to enhance donated blood or haemoglobin based blood substitutes to have a shelf life of 42 days and higher levels of Nitric Oxide when packaged.[33]Q: C++ using .h and .cpp files I am completely new to C++ and wanted to get a hang on the using my functions in programs by extracting them from an organized file. I do not understand why my code (see below) does not work, I tried to find an answer but really couldn't. Anyway, here's the code, hope it helps. My .h file: #ifndef MYMATH_H_INCLUDED #define MYMATH_H_INCLUDED #endif // MYMATH_H_INCLUDED int sum (int,int); My.cpp file: #include <iostream> #include "myMath.h" int sum(int a, int b){ return a+b; } My main: #include <iostream> #include "myMath.h" using namespace std; int main() { int a, b; cin >> a; cin >> b; cout << sum(a,b); } and finally the error block: ||=== Build: Debug in using my functions (compiler: GNU GCC Compiler) ===| obj\Debug\main.o||In function `main':| C:\Users\Barcanjo\Desktop\Coding\using my functions\main.cpp|11|undefined reference to `sum(int, int)'| ||error: ld returned 1 exit status| ||=== Build failed: 2 error(s), 0 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 0 second(s)) ===| A: It seems that you are not linking the my.cpp object with main.cpp. The following should solve the problem: $ g++ main.cpp my.cpp -o my $ ./my Hass Avocados are Affordable With Online Ordering Avocado is a popular fruit and the Hass variety is among the most oft eaten varieties available on the market. When considering the cost of organic avocados, Santa Barbara, CA customers have many options. Ordering online is one of the best ways to get the avocados at an affordable price. For customers looking for the very best deal, online ordering offers the perfect solution to expensive supermarket prices. A Million Dollar Industry Avocados are a million dollar industry in California allowing for one of the biggest Avocado markets in history. When it comes to finding fresh, organic Avocados, consumers often have to pay a premium to get the best prices. However it is possible to get a great deal on avocados by looking around and comparing costs. With the right company or farmer, it is possible to find delicious fresh avocados that are priced affordably. This means that the cost of organic avocados Santa Barbara customers want does not have to prevent them from purchasing. Tasty Avocados For Any Budget It is possible to get tasty and fresh organic Hass avocados if you know where to look. Farmers are getting wise to the demand for their delicious fruits and are making it easier than ever to
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in question? [05:13] Tim_Smart: You will have to export it or something. [05:14] chrisdickinson: yeah -- I've been handling things that way. just wanted to check to see if there wasn't a way i could remove that burden of knowledge from external modules [05:14] Tim_Smart: You can easily over-ride the '.js' extension to auto-add it to the exports. [05:14] Tim_Smart: But it seems a little hacky. [05:15] matt_c has joined the channel [05:17] jpld has joined the channel [05:19] prettyrobots: Tim_Smart: ssh tunnel FTW. [05:19] prettyrobots: Updating my *.deb of Node.js with the GCC_VERSION=44 fix too. [05:19] _announcer: Twitter: "going to tryout some nodejs tonight as suggested by @boundvariable" -- Ayaz Ahmed. http://twitter.com/ayaza/status/27413618359 [05:20] Tim_Smart: prettyrobots: Yeah they are cool. I remember when I sucked at *nix, so I just installed the gnome environment on the server and SSH tunneled VNC. [05:20] _announcer: Twitter: "@thomasfuchs vapor.js supports jQuery, Node.js and Unicons. There's nothing it can't do!" -- Addy Osmani. http://twitter.com/legacye/status/27413681659 [05:21] prettyrobots: Tim_Smart: Impressive way to suck at something, actually. [05:21] Tim_Smart: Makes me lol now though. [05:21] amerine has joined the channel [05:21] prettyrobots: What's with Unicorns. Suddenly, very popular. [05:21] creationix has joined the channel [05:22] prettyrobots: Tim_Smart: I've decided that Ubuntu is my environment, and nothing else. [05:22] prettyrobots: And now I'm finally feeling at home at UNIX. [05:22] prettyrobots: Because it clears away all the cross-platform doubt. [05:23] rcy has joined the channel [05:23] Tim_Smart: Ubuntu has been my home for a while now. [05:26] Arro has joined the channel [05:27] Tim_Smart: prettyrobots: Do you use vim or emacs? [05:27] prettyrobots: Its nice, but its really a matter of throwing off the useless goal of platform independence, cross-platform, blah, blah. That's a corporate concern, not useful for a solo/small team programmer. [05:27] prettyrobots: ViM. [05:28] Tim_Smart: Oh nice. Yeah vim is great. [05:28] prettyrobots: I learned on vi back in the day and it stuck. [05:28] ryan[WIN]: oh man [05:28] ryan[WIN]: the use of LOL has been discouraged in #python [05:28] prettyrobots: Modality. [05:28] prettyrobots: ACTION Laughs out loud. [05:29] prettyrobots: Can they still give each other ASCII roses? [05:29] Tim_Smart: ryan[WIN]: What do they do to trolls? [05:29] ryan[WIN]: i have no idea [05:29] Tim_Smart: /join #python, lol, /part lol [05:29] ryan[WIN]: but a man has to be able to lol [05:29] ryan[WIN]: i already said lol at least thrice [05:30] TheEmpath: any way to make node.js generate a 1024bit key? :D [05:30] TheEmpath: ACTION will destroy your node. [05:30] ryan[WIN]: aren't 1024bit keys insecure [05:30] Tim_Smart: ryan[WIN]: There we go. Trolled. [05:30] TheEmpath: against the normal hacker or the NSA? [05:30] ryan[WIN]: lol Tim_Smart [05:30] _announcer: Twitter: "Recent topics node.js unexpectedly and I might be good, php and js tampering thought to form a complex intertwining. Come and go without a good mental language significantly." [ja] -- エスケイ. http://twitter.com/esuk/status/27414216239 [05:31] ryan[WIN]: what the fuck is that twitter [05:31] ryan[WIN]: automatic translation to english ftw [05:31] prettyrobots: Sweet! [05:31] prettyrobots: Good work _announcer ! [05:31] shaver: it's no moongift [05:31] shaver: or chestnut millet [05:32] TheEmpath: that's no moon [05:32] ryan[WIN]: yeah it's automatically translated good job _announcer [05:32] jherdman has joined the channel [05:32] ryan[WIN]: prettyrobots, i made a virtual machine that CJK encodes its binaries but i couldn't get them small enoguh to fit on a twitter post [05:32] prettyrobots: Python probably has too many people now. [05:32] ryan[WIN]: but i could make a tweet right now and see what happens [05:32] prettyrobots: And they're trying to make rules to make it tolerable. [05:32] zum: I could personally live without automatically translated japanese tweets :) [05:33] ryan[WIN]: i just tweet with @node.js right [05:33] shaver: zum: I think they are pretty great [05:33] ryan[WIN]: or just put node.js in the tweet [05:33] prettyrobots: ACTION Likes _announcer. [05:33] prettyrobots: ACTION And Japanese people. [05:33] shaver: or node.randomwoowoowoo.js [05:33] zum: for humor value, sure [05:33] shaver: per the lymph node thing earlier [05:33] devkorcvince has joined the channel [05:34] ryan[WIN]: i just got a fail whale [05:34] shaver: zum: no, also that you can sort of get the sense of enthusiasm without the words actually fitting together [05:34] JimBastard: the whole internet is fucking [05:34] JimBastard: chartbeat is down [05:34] JimBastard: my couchone is down [05:34] JimBastard: wtf [05:34] ryan[WIN]: i applied for a jerb at chartbeat once [05:34] Tim_Smart: ryan[WIN]: Does #python have logs? [05:34] TheEmpath: my salt generates randomly every time i boot up my app :X [05:34] TheEmpath: i dont even know it [05:34] ryan[WIN]: Tim_Smart, why [05:34] prettyrobots: JimBastard: I can get to couchone.com. [05:35] Tim_Smart: ryan[WIN]: Curious. [05:35] prettyrobots: And Twitter. [05:35] JimBastard: prettyrobots: my couch is down [05:35] Tim_Smart: ryan[WIN]: Just want to find some lol-reactions. [05:35] _announcer: Twitter: "node.js Chouchoujinchou Kuifenggebo Luneocangzi only Puchouzhuanding Changsanfengdai Lingfuxianxian Tuojinpuchou Liangdingchaosan Shisangege Chougeyichou Qichougemu Gaijingshishang Bobochoubo Miriam ugly Renchoubomu beggar Shensi animatedcollapse Chou animatedcollapse Ba ugly Torr D Ba animatedcollapse Chou animatedcollapse Zhang beggar lack Ding Zhang animatedcollapse Ding Bo Xian Chou Sin Ba Chou Yin Ding Ba Sin Chou Xian Zhang beggar G [05:35] _announcer: nimatedcollapse him to make 丆 Aberdeen 丆 cents animatedcollapse position with Cha Sai Lun Tsai made on behalf of the World beefy Bo Xian Xian Zhe Shi Shi is still paid from the" [zh-CN] -- Ryan Broomfield. http://twitter.com/shippyman/status/27414459468 [05:35] ryan[WIN]: hahaha [05:35] prettyrobots: (Where jresig is a top tweet on the landing page, next to Deepak Ch
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boat inquiry button - bottom Although it is our mission to display faultless and current data on this site, the listings included within this website, may reflect data errors or may omit the most recent transactions affecting the content and listings. Where shown, prices are quoted for the USA only. Prices shown normally include transportation and preparation fees but not taxes, random governing fees or other applicable charges. Photographs may vary from actual items. Please consult personnel within the dealership for details.Comparative proteomics reveals key proteins recruited at the nucleoid of Deinococcus after irradiation-induced DNA damage. The nucleoids of radiation-resistant Deinococcus species show a high degree of compaction maintained after ionizing irradiation. We identified proteins recruited after irradiation in nucleoids of Deinococcus radiodurans and Deinococcus deserti by means of comparative proteomics. Proteins in nucleoid-enriched fractions from unirradiated and irradiated Deinococcus were identified and semiquantified by shotgun proteomics. The ssDNA-binding protein SSB, DNA gyrase subunits GyrA and GyrB, DNA topoisomerase I, RecA recombinase, UvrA excinuclease, RecQ helicase, DdrA, DdrB, and DdrD proteins were found in significantly higher amounts in irradiated nucleoids of both Deinococcus species. We observed, by immunofluorescence microscopy, the subcellular localization of these proteins in D. radiodurans, showing for the first time the recruitment of the DdrD protein into the D. radiodurans nucleoid. We specifically followed the kinetics of recruitment of RecA, DdrA, and DdrD to the nucleoid after irradiation. Remarkably, RecA proteins formed irregular filament-like structures 1 h after irradiation, before being redistributed throughout the cells by 3 h post-irradiation. Comparable dynamics of DdrD localization were observed, suggesting a possible functional interaction between RecA and DdrD. Several proteins involved in nucleotide synthesis were also seen in higher quantities in the nucleoids of irradiated cells, indicative of the existence of a mechanism for orchestrating the presence of proteins involved in DNA metabolism in nucleoids in response to massive DNA damage. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD00196 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000196).Q: How to unlock Lucina on 3DS after failing to beat her the first time? Supposedly you can get Lucina by playing 40 matches-- I did, and I got a chance, and I lost to her. In old versions of the game, it would keep giving you more chances to beat the newly unlockable character after each successive match (the 41st, the 42nd, etc)....but I'm at like 80 matches now and have not gotten another chance to unlock her. The internet says beating classic mode with marth on standard difficulty unlocks her, too, but....I got ROB instead. What can I do? This is for the 3DS, not Wii U. A: You can try classic mode with Marth without using any continues Q: Using group by in java 8 I have a Set<CarRange> and a List<Car> as the input of a method. I need to group similar cars and return something like a Map<CarRange, List<Car>>. How can I achieve this using java 8 streams? class CarRange { int startId; int endId; } class Car { int carId; } So if carId lies in between startId and endId it belongs to that CarRange object. startId and endId will be unique for each element in Set<CarRange>. Hope it makes little more clear. A: Frankly I wouldn't do it with streams, this is not actually a 'group by' operation in the sense meant by the streams API so the 'groupBy' collector just won't do what you obviously want. The below more or less does what you want but it's revolting code: Map<CarRange,List<Car>> map = ranges.stream() .collect( Collectors.toMap( range -> range, range -> cars.stream() .filter(car -> range.carInRange(car)) .collect(Collectors.toList()) ) ); Obviously I added the 'carInRange' method to your CarRange class to avoid making the example even messier than it already is. I have a 2004 dodge stratus & have two questions... First I cannot locate the obd access port to hook up my scanner to see what code triggered the check engine light. Second is when it downshifts and hits 30mph it shifts really hard and am wondering if this is bad for transmission? The connector is directly above the drivers right leg, just under the panel. It is hard to find, because it is not on the panel itself, but below it. Since it is below the panel, its very hard to locate the first time. You need a good flash light and some patience, and once you find it, you might laugh, because it was there all along, just hiding. No, it is not the transmission. Most likely cause is the "Camshaft Sensor", and you should be getting P0340 error, but not always. It downshifts and hits 30mph as a safety feature. It happened on my car while driving on the freeway at night, and everyone around me was driving 75 mph. Cars were honking, high beam lights flashing, and they would not let me change lanes, a middle finger was pointed at me, with shouting out the window, angry expressions on peoples faces, tires screeching and someone had almost crashed into my car, not once, but twice, as I pulled off to the side of the road. If your vehicle has more than 80K miles, sensors start going bad, and you just have to change them. The 4 sensors that gave the most problems an my car were Camshaft Sensor, Crankshaft Sensor, Throttle Position Sensor, Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor, and of course the Thermostat. Also, one of the Oxygen Sensors showed bad on the diagnostic, but gave no problems. Your down shift is probably your kick down cable these are famous to gradually seize up!! I'm at a Dodge dealer ship!!! I see hundreds any how to be sure with car off!!! push gas pedal all the way to the floor board if it stops half way to force it you will need to service the kick down linkage located on top of transmission this cable links to your throttle linkage as well if so pull off cable at transmission steelwool the connector ball that cable attaches to really well spray inside of cable clip housing with WD-40 and apply anti seize compound the the transmission linkage ball well to avoid future problems! your OBD scan socket is located above drivers left knee on 45 degree angel don't forget to plug in then turn ignition on! happy new year FR:,John,Toronto Canada Tell us some more! Your answer needs to include more details to help people.You can't post answers that contain an email address.Please enter a valid email address.The email address entered is already associated to an account.Login to postPlease use English characters only. Take the vehicle to any auto parts store that offers to read the fault codes with a scanner for free and find out what that code is. If it shows Upstream or Downstream O2 sensor replace the O2 Sensor. There is a catch, dodge had an issue in the 2000 - 2004. The ECM will show a fault code that indicates the Catalytic converter is faulty. This is actually a faulty Downstream O2 Sensor. If you get a Catalytic converter fault code replace the O2 sensor first if you still have the problem then replace the converter. why what is it doing and did you have check eng light on ? and did you plug in a OBD 2 scanner to retrieve those fault codes that would indicate that specific "code" was the trouble= O2 sensor/or sensorsmsgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2020-02-17 11:51+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Olexandr Nesterenko <[email protected]>\n" "Language-Team: Ukrainian <https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/openwrt/" "luciapplicationsp910nd/uk/>\n" "Language: uk\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=" "4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2;\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 3.11-dev\n" #: applications/luci-app-p910nd/luasrc/model/cbi/p910nd.lua:47 msgid "Bidirectional mode" msgstr "Двонаправлений режим" #: applications/luci
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nut-free/peanut-free snack before making music together. These rehearsals last approximately 30 minutes. Bell Choirs We have three bell choirs providing traditional arrangements for the enjoyment of the congregation: Children’s Bells Periodically, throughout the church school year, our younger children will also have the opportunity to try their hand at ringing children’s handbells (color-coded to the notes) during our Multiage Children’s Class. They will then have the opportunity to share what they have been practicing in worship. Please contact Julie Flowers at [email protected] with any questions about this initiative, which represents a fun crossover between our Music Department and our Christian Education Department!DOWNLOAD AICI DOVADA DE LA REGISTRUL COMERȚULUI PRIVINDU-L PE BUSINESSMANUL VICTOR PONTA (abonat la lucrări cu statul): ISTORICUL FIRMEI SIECO SRL DOC Acest articol a fost publicat pe investigații cenzurate în 14 martie 2014 EPISODUL XIV. Victor Ponta, fondator, asociat și administrator al unei firme care a avut contracte cu BANCOREX, RAPPS, FPS, RENEL…Conexiunile cu mama și sora premierului SERIAL. PÂNZA DE PĂIANJEN CARE A PRINS ÎN PLASA EI ROMÂNIA. EXCLUSIV INVESTIGAȚII CENZURATE SERIAL. PÂNZA DE PĂIANJEN CARE A PRINS ÎN PLASA EI ROMÂNIA. EXCLUSIV INVESTIGAȚII CENZURATE Prim-ministrul României, Victor Ponta, în anii ’90 a fost, conform datelor de la Registrul Comerțului, fondator, o perioadă asociat și administrator al firmei SIECO SRL din București, companie abonată la contracte pe bani publici. Conform istoricului firmei de la Registrul Comerțului, firma SIECO SRL a fost fondată în 14.02.1992 de următorii fondatori persoane fizice: BALAN ADRIAN FLORIN (TEHNICIAN) asociat 25%, IONITA ALEXANDRINA asociat 25%, LEASU IOAN (INGINER) asociat 25%, PONTA VICTOR VIOREL (STUDENT) asociat 25%, iar administratori: BALAN ADRIAN și LEASU IOAN. În data 20.04.1993, firma notifică la RECOM retragerea acționarului LEAȘU IOAN și schimbarea cotelor deținute de ceilalți acționari (VICTOR PONTA ajungând la 33%), precum și o “Adaugare administrator”, citez: “numire PONTA VICTOR VIOREL administrator, Cetățenia română; Nascut(a) in BUCURESTI la data 20.09.1972; Puteri CF.STATUT”. Pe 25.11.1993 se schimbă iar acționariatul, retrăgându-se IONITA ALEXANDRINA, astfel încât PONTA VICTOR VIOREL ajunge la o cotă de 50% din firma SIECO SRL. În data de 31.05.1995 se modifică iar structura acționariatului, astfel: “Iese din societate urmatorul asociat/actionar: PONTA VICTOR VIOREL asociat (retragere), Cetatenia:română; Studii: STUDENT Nascut(a) in BUCURESTI la data 20.09.1972; Cota participare la beneficii / pierderi 50.0000000000 %”. Deși începând cu 1995 Victor Ponta nu mai este prezent în societate în calitate de acționar, acesta rămâne însă administrator al SC SIECO SRL, până în 2002, conform informațiilor parvenite de la Registrul Comerțului: Astfel, conform mențiunii din 19.06.2001, la rubrica Administratori/ Reprezentanti/ Cenzori, apare PONTA VICTOR VIOREL administrator ; Data numirii in functie 07.02.1992. (n.r. este o neconcordanță, care se repetă și în alte mențiuni la RECOM, data oficială a numirii lui Ponta ca administrator fiind 20.04.1993) După menționarea lui Victor Ponta ca administrator al SIECO SRL, e precizată Activitatea PRINCIPALÃ: “2830 – Producția generatoarelor de aburi (cu excepția cazanelor pentru încălzire centrală”, iar la secțiunea “Activitãți SECUNDARE”, sunt menționate: 1552 – Fabricarea înghețatei 1589 – Fabricarea altor produse alimentare 1591 – Fabricarea băuturilor alcoolice distilate 1593 – Fabricarea vinului din struguri 1594 – Fabricarea cidrului și a vinului din fructe (cu excepïia vinurilor din struguri proaspeïi) 1595 – Fabricarea altor băuturi obïinute prin fermentare 1598 – Producïia de ape minerale îmbuteliate la surse 1599 – Fabricarea băuturilor nealcoolice 4031 – Producerea aburului și apei calde Ulterior, în data de 26.04.2002, aflăm că are loc: retragere din functie PONTA VICTOR VIOREL administrator, Nascut(a) in BUCURESTI la data 20.09.1972; Data numirii in functie 07.02.1992; Motiv/lege : conf. Legii nr.31/1990 Pentru a consulta informațiile obținute de la RECOM despre firma fondată și administrată de Victor Ponta, dați click aici: SIECO – 1 Dacă analizăm biografia oficială a lui Victor Ponta, constatăm că acesta a ocupat concomitent mai multe funcții în statul român, în paralel cu cea de administrator al unei companii private. Nu sunt familiarizat cu prevederile legislației de la începutul anilor 2000 referitor la acest subiect și e posibil ca actualul prim ministru să fi avut dreptul legal să fie concomitent și procuror și administraror de firmă între 1998 și 2002 (n.r. conform profilului său de pe cdep.ro, între 1998 și 2002, Ponta a fost procuror în cadrul Parchetului de pe lângă Curtea Supremă de Justiție, secția Anticorupție, Urmărire Penală și Criminalistică. Între 2000 și 2001 a ocupat funcția de coordonator al Biroului de Combatere a Spălării Banilor), sau șef al corpului de control al premierului Năstase (numit pe 4 aprilie 2001) și administrator de firmă abonat[ la bani publici (până în aprilie 2002). UPDATE (ora 02.26AM) Cu ajutorul cititorilor (mulțumesc Elenina), am aflat că Legea in vigoare in perioada 1998-2002 in ceea ce priveste statutul magistratilor este Legea nr. 92/1992, Art. 112. – Magistraţilor le este interzisă exercitarea, direct sau prin persoane interpuse, a activităţilor de comerţ, participarea la conducerea unor societăţi comerciale sau civile. De asemenea, le este interzisă participarea la administrarea unor asemenea societăţi, articol care ulterior a suferit mici transformări: – Judecătorilor şi procurorilor le este interzisă exercitarea, direct sau prin persoane interpuse, a activităţilor de comerţ, precum şi participarea la conducerea unor societăţi comerciale sau civile ori a reg
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from Eq.(\[dipoleField\]) and Eq.(\[IncidentField\]), we readily get $$\label{incidentspectrum} {\bf{\tilde E}}_ \bot ^{\left( \rm I \right)} \left( {{\bf{k}}_ \bot } \right) = {\bf{E}}_{0 \bot } \delta \left( {{\bf{k}}_ \bot } \right) + \frac{i}{{8\pi ^2 \varepsilon _0 \varepsilon _1 }}\frac{{e^{ik_{1z} R} }}{{k_{1z} }}\sum\limits_{s = 0}^{N - 1} {e^{ - i{\bf{k}}_ \bot \cdot {\bf{r}}_ \bot ^{\left( s \right)} } \left( {k_1^2 I_ \bot - {\bf{k}}_ \bot {\bf{k}}_ \bot ^T - k_{1z} {\bf{k}}_ \bot {\bf{e}}_z^T } \right){\bf{p}}^{\left( s \right)} }$$ which inserted into the first of Eq.(\[RefTraFields\]) yields the reflected field. Using Eq.(\[dipoleField1\]) and the first of Eq.(\[RefTraFields\]), Eq.(\[consistency\]) turns into $$\label{dipoleexcitation} {\beta {\bf{p}}^{\left( q \right)} - \sum\limits_{s = 0}^{N - 1} {H^{\left( {q,s} \right)} } {\bf{p}}^{\left( s \right)} = \left[ {e^{ - ik_1 R}+ e^{ik_1 R} r_{\rm TE} \left( 0 \right) } \right]\left( {4\pi \varepsilon _0 \varepsilon _1 R^3 } \right){\bf{E}}_{0 \bot } }$$ where $$\begin{aligned} \label{couplings} \beta &=& \frac{{4\pi \varepsilon _0 \varepsilon _1 R^3 }}{\alpha } \equiv \frac{{\varepsilon _{\rm S} + 2\varepsilon _1 }}{{\varepsilon _{\rm S} - \varepsilon _1 }}, \nonumber \\ H^{\left( {q,s} \right)} &=& \left[ {\left( {1 - \delta _{q,s} } \right)G^{\left( {\rm Int} \right)} \left( {{\bf{r}}_ \bot } \right) + G_{\rm TE}^{\left( \rm Ref \right)}\left( {{\bf{r}}_ \bot } \right) + G_{\rm TM}^{\left( \rm Ref \right)}\left( {{\bf{r}}_ \bot } \right)} \right]_{{\bf{r}}_ \bot = {\bf{r}}_ \bot ^{\left( q \right)} - {\bf{r}}_ \bot ^{\left( s \right)} }, \nonumber \\ G^{\left( {\rm Int} \right)} \left( {{\bf{r}}_ \bot } \right) &=& \left( {k_1 R} \right)^3 \frac{{e^{ik_1 r_ \bot } }}{{k_1 r_ \bot }}\left[ {\left( {1 + \frac{{ik_1 r_ \bot - 1}}{{k_1^2 r_ \bot ^2 }}} \right) + \left( {\frac{{3 - 3ik_1 r_ \bot - k_1^2 r_ \bot ^2 }}{{k_1^2 r_ \bot ^2 }}} \right)\frac{{{\bf{r}}_ \bot {\bf{r}}_ \bot ^T }}{{r_ \bot ^2 }}} \right], \nonumber \\ G_{\rm TE}^{\left( \rm Ref \right)}\left( {{\bf{r}}_ \bot } \right) &=& \frac{{iR^3 }}{{2\pi }}\int {d^2 {\bf{k}}_ \bot e^{i{\bf{k}}_ \bot \cdot {\bf{r}}_ \bot } } e^{i k_{1z} 2R} \frac{{k_1^2 }}{{k_{1z} }}r_{\rm TE} \left( {I_ \bot - \frac{{{\bf{k}}_ \bot {\bf{k}}_ \bot ^T }}{{k_ \bot ^2 }}} \right), \nonumber \\ G_{\rm TM}^{\left( \rm Ref \right)}\left( {{\bf{r}}_ \bot } \right) &=& \frac{{iR^3 }}{{2\pi }}\int {d^2 {\bf{k}}_ \bot e^{i{\bf{k}}_ \bot \cdot {\bf{r}}_ \bot } } e^{i k_{1z} 2R} \frac{{k_ \bot ^2 }}{{k_{1z} }}r_{\rm TM} \left( {\frac{{k_{1z} }}{{k_ \bot ^2 }}{\bf{k}}_ \bot + {\bf{ e}}_z } \right)\left( {\frac{{k_{1z} }}{{k_ \bot ^2 }}{\bf{k}}_ \bot - {\bf{ e}}_z } \right)^T,\end{aligned}$$ Equation (\[dipoleexcitation\]) is one of the main result of the present Supplementary Information since it is the basic equation describing the excitation process of the dipoles representing the spheres. As a matter of fact, for $q=0,\ldots,N-1$, Eq. (\[dipoleexcitation\]) yields $N$ vector equations for the $N$ unknown dipole moments ${\bf{p}}^{\left( q \right)}$ (induced by the impinging plane ${\bf{E}}_{0 \bot }$) which, once obtained, allow one to evaluate the reflected and transmitted field, thus completely solving the scattering problem. From a physical point of view Eq.(\[dipoleexcitation\]) describes the full interaction of the dipole ${\bf{p}}^{\left( q \right)}$ with all the other $N-1$ dipoles through the term containing $G^{\left( {\rm Int} \right)}$ and with the graphene sheet through the terms containing $G_{\rm TE}^{\left( {{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} f} \right)}$ and $G_{\rm TM}^{\left( {{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} f} \right)}$. The direct dipole-dipole interaction is produced by the primary dipole fields and accordingly the tensor $G^{\left( {\rm Int} \right)} \left( {{\bf{r}}_ \bot ^{\left( q \right)} - {\bf{r}}_ \bot ^{\left( s \right)} } \right)$ only depends on the inter-dipoles distances. On the other hand, the interaction with the graphene sheet is produced by the field emitted by the dipoles lying on the plane $z=-R$ and which is reflected back by graphene to the dipoles, thus accounting for an overall propagation distance equal to $2R$ as evidently shown by the term $e^{ik_{1z} 2R}$ in the tensors $G_{\rm TE}^{\left( {{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} f} \right)}$ and $G_{\rm TM}^{\left( {{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} f} \right)}$. Such term also shows that the dipoles-graphene coupling is dominated by the evanescent waves contribution since the spectral width $\sim 1/(2R)$ is much larger than $k_1$ for the nano-sized spheres with ($R \ll \lambda$) we are considering. As a consequence, graphene plasmon resonances are not ruled out and they effectively play an essential role in the dipole excitation process (see below). Symmetry analysis ================= In order gain physical insight into the dipole excitation process described in the last section, it is worth resorting to the evident symmetry property of the dipoles-graphene system we are considering: it is invariant under a rotation of an angle $2 \pi r/N$ (with $r$ integer) around the $z$- axis. In other words the system has $C_{N}$, the cyclic group of order $N$, as its symmetry group. Consider the N rotation operators $$\label{rotations} R_r = \cos \left( {\frac{{2\pi }}{N}r} \right)\left( {{\bf{e}}_x {\bf{e}}_x^T + {\bf{e}}_y {\bf{e}}_y^T } \right) + \sin \left( {\frac{{2\pi }}{N}r} \right)\left( {{\bf{e}}_y {\bf{e}}_x^T - {\bf{e}}_x {\bf{e}}_y^T } \right) + {\bf{e}}_z {\bf{e}}_z^T,$$ for $r= 0,...,N-1$, which are a representation of the group $C_N$ on the Euclidean three-dimensional space $\mathcal{E}^3$. From Eqs.(\[couplings\]) it is straightforward to prove that the three tensors $G$ satisfy the relation $$\label{rotinvariance} G\left( {R_r {\bf{r}}_ \
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| IV. I. 2. 2. | Winter | | Winter Sweet-- | | | | | | Danvers' |lg. | Mass.| III. I. 1. 1. | Winter | good | Winter Sweet--Golden| |(N.Y.)| I. I. 1. 1. | Winter | | Winter | | | | | | Sweet--(Milwads) | | | | Winter | | Winter Sweet | | | | | | Paradise |lg. | Penn.| III. I. 1. 1. | Winter | good | Winter Sweeting | | | | | | Winthrop Greening |lg. | Me. | | Autumn | good | Winthrop Pearmain |lg. | Me. | | Winter | good | Wonder | | South| | | | Woodburn Spitzenberg| | (Va.)| IV. I. 2. 2. | Winter | | Woodland |med.| N.C. | III. I. 2. 2. | Winter | good? | Woodside Cider |med.| Ohio | II. I. 2. 2. | Winter | good? | Wood's Greening |med.| N.J. | I. I. 2. 1. | Winter | good? | Wood's Sweet |lg. | Vt. | I. II. 1. 2. | Autumn | good | =Woolfolks= |med.| Ky. | II. I. 2. 1. | Winter | good? |509 World's Wonder | | South| | | | Wormsly Pippin |med.| Engl.| III. I. 2. 1. | Autumn | poor | Wreston's Prolific | | Ky. | | | | Wright's Apple |med.| Vt. | I. I. 2. 1. | Autumn | good | =Wright's Janet= |med.| Mo. |{ III. I. 2. 2. }| Winter | good |620 | | |{ I. I. 2. 2. }| | | Yacht |lg. | Penn.| III. I. 2. 2. | Winter | good | =Yadkin= |lg. | South| III. I. 2. 2. | Autumn | poor |621 Yahaula | | South| I. I. 2. 1. | | | Yankee Russet | | (O.) | | | | Yates | | South| I. I. 2. 1. | | | =Yellow Bellflower= |lg. | N.J. | IV. II. 2. 1. |E. Wint.| best |692 _Yellow Crank_, Synonym of Green Crank. | Yellow English Crab | | Engl.| III. I. 2. 1. | | | =Yellow Foster= |med.| (O.) | I. I. 2. 1. | Autumn | good |418 Yellow Horse |lg. | South| I. I. 2. 1. | Autumn | good | =Yellow Ingestrie= |sm. | Engl.| III. I. 2. 1. | Summer | good? |582 Yellow June |sm. | ? |{ I. I. 2. 1. }| Summer | good | | | |{ I. II. 2. 1. }| | | Yellow Meadow |lg. | South| I. I. 2. 1. |E. Wint.| good | =Yellow Newtown= |lg. | L.I. | III. II. 2. 1. | Winter | best |649 Yellow Pearmain |med.| South| II. I. 2. 1. | Winter | good | Yellow Siberian Crab|sm. | Eur. | III. I. 2. 1. | Autumn | good | Yellow Vandervere |med.| (O.) | III. II. 2. 1. | Winter | good | Yocomb's |lg. | South| I. I. 2. 2. | Summer | good? | Yopp's Favorite |lg. | Ga. |{ I. I. 2. 1. }| |v. good| | | |{ II. I. 2. 1. }| | | =York Imperial= |lg. | Penn.|} IV. II. 2. 1. {| Winter | good |693 | | |} III. I. 2. 2. {| | | _York Russet_, Synonym of Pumpkin Russet. | =Yost= |med.| Penn.| I. I. 2. 2. | Winter| good |468 Zieber |sm. | Am. | III. I. 2. 1. | | poor | Ziesler's Sweet | | Penn.| I. I. 1. 1. | | | Zaar Greening | | Ohio | | | | GENERAL INDEX. For Index to the Varieties of Apples see page 711. The names, given below in small caps, refer to headings of chapters. Animals in the Orchard, 248 Apex, Definition of, 359 Apple, Botanical Character of, 29 Etymology of, 27 History of, 26 Native Country of, 30 Original Sorts of Great Britain, 30 Apples, As Food for Stock, 18 Gerard's List of Seven, 33 How Introduced, 19 In Bread Making, 17 The Putnam List, 25 Axis, Definition of, 362 Bark Grafting, 84 Basin, Definition of, 359 Budding, Advantages of, 102 American, 111 Conditions Requisite, 107 Manner of Operating, 110 Philosophy of, 103 Ring, 114 S.S. Jackson's Method, 112 Season for, 106 Buds, After Treatment, 116 Growth from, 53 Individuality of, 53 Removing, 113 Tying, 114 Callus, 58 Calyx, Described, 360 Cavity, Described, 361 Cell Growth, 52 CHARACTERS OF FRUITS, 350 CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS, 366 Cleft Grafting, 79 Clover in Orchard, 228 Cordon Training, 149 CULTURE OF ORCHARD, 242 Cuttings, French Method, 61 Of one Eye, 62 Planting of, 131 Preparation of, 57 DESCRIPTION OF APPLES, 381 Diel's Classification, 369 Digging Holes, 221 Nursery Trees, 125 Trees, 233 Distance to Plant, 237 DISEASES, 160 Disease, Apple Blight, 177 Bitter Rot, 178 Black Knot, 188 Cracked Fruit, 179 Dr. Kirtland's Views, 179 Effects of Frost, 166 Effects of Moisture, 164 Induced by Insects, 185 Induced by Wounds, 185 Influence of Soil, 167 Lankester's Classification, 163 Mildew, 179 Parasitic Plants and Fungi, 173 Pear Blight, 174 Poisonous Gases, 171 Rot and Mildew on Grape, 195 Sunshine in Winter, 171 Dochnahl's Classification, 374 Draining, 214 DWARFING, 144 Dwarfing the Apple, 156 By Pinching, 152 By Root Pruning
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31 ]
just came at the end of the mtg so i had to read the summary/log as well <jjesse> intersting interview w/ JK Rowlings on Channel4 <jjesse> two main characters die in the next book but she doesn'/t say one of them will be harry <jjesse> of course she doesn't say one won't be either :) <Hobbsee> jjesse: when's it out? <jjesse> she says next year :( <Hobbsee> :( <Hobbsee> tell her to write quicker :P <jjesse> sure cause i have her direct line <Hobbsee> :P yep <Hobbsee> oh good, they did discuss the bug :) <jjesse> yeah i didn't quite follow the idea or the end result <jjesse> Hobbsee: did you see my email about a laptop testing team for kubuntu? <nixternal> how was the game jjesse? <jjesse> nixternal: it was great, we won, actually mercied them <jjesse> if you are up by more then 15 at the end of 5 you win <jjesse> it was 18-2 <nixternal> hehe...good deal <nixternal> ouch <nixternal> slaughter rules in effect <nixternal> [21:36] <jjesse> Hobbsee: did you see my email about a laptop testing team for kubuntu? <nixternal> interesting <nixternal> i was the only Kubuntu Laptop Tester for Dapper from what I could tell on the Laptop Testing Team Wiki <crimsun> argh <jjesse> sent it to kubuntu-devel <crimsun> I totally disagree with that <jjesse> adn the laptop team <jjesse> i had one :) <jjesse> at least one <nixternal> there is 2 then ;) <crimsun> that's like saying there needs to be {ed,k,x}ubuntu-audio <nixternal> crimsun just for you...that's next ;) <jjesse> crimsun: well there needs to be some more testing of laptops for kubuntu and while i don't think there should be a seperate time, there should be more testing done <Hobbsee> nixternal: ah, i saw something... <crimsun> "separation"/rebranding/whatever makes sense at the desktop level, but stuff that's central to any install needs to remain desktop-neutral <Hobbsee> oh, i havent got a k-d list yet * Hobbsee is sorta afk * nixternal got the message right here <jjesse> crimsun: i agreee which is why i don't see the need for kubuntu doc team and kbuntu wiki team <jjesse> however something needs to be done for kubuntu laptop testing <crimsun> jjesse: I think it would be nice to have canonical-sponsored laptops sent to people involved directly with kubuntu, like kubuntu CC and members for starters <jjesse> especially if we have new specs in regards to them <Hobbsee> crimsun: we got a lot of upgraders saying that the upgrader tried to remove all of kde - we didnt get to test that out <Hobbsee> crimsun: oh yeah! hehehe * Hobbsee would like another laptop :P * jjesse would like a canonical supplied laptop :) <Hobbsee> give it a couple of years - this one has a decent battery now * nixternal just wants a new laptop <nixternal> newer rather * antinobody_ wants a working laptop that isn't an Inspiron 1000 (although it runs nicely enough with ubuntu and kubuntu), but then again, he isn't a member, so this is useless to him * Hobbsee doesnt think they'd send laptops out to all members anywya. <jjesse> we had http://wiki.kubuntu.org/LaptopTestingTeam/DellLatitudeD810/Kubuntu (created by myself) http://wiki.kubuntu.org/LaptopTestingTeam/HPNW8240/Kubuntu created by LukaRenko and http://wiki.kubuntu.org/LaptopTestingTeam/ToshibaSatellite1735Kubuntu created by nixternal <Hobbsee> jjesse: remind me about that in a while.... <nixternal> interesting * Hobbsee should do one for her a10 sattellite * imbrandon looks up *laptop* ? <nixternal> i have a couple lappys here to test Edgy with...older though, but still, I have noticed a lot of the laptops tested were older * jsgotangco doesn't mind another canonical laptop lol <jjesse> jsgotangco: did you load kubuntu on it and did you create a wiki page? <Hobbsee> jsgotangco: *another*? <Hobbsee> what were the specs of the first one, out of interest? <jjesse> Hobbsee: he had one for dapper? <imbrandon> Hobbsee, i was thinking the same think :) <imbrandon> thing <Hobbsee> ah ok <jsgotangco> jjesse: i loaded kubuntu on it but didnt really document the results heh * Hobbsee wasnt here that early in dapper release cycle <Hobbsee> jsgotangco: shame :P <jsgotangco> besides half of the functions keys doesn't work <Hobbsee> jsgotangco: what was the laptop? <nixternal> all my function keys worked ;) <jsgotangco> Tecra M2 <jjesse> for jsgotangco page see https://wiki.kubuntu.org/LaptopTestingTeam/ToshibaTecraM2 <Hobbsee> toshiba? nice, does it overheat? <jsgotangco> nope <jjesse> i was just on the laptoptesting team page :) <jjesse> i hope you didn't mind <jsgotangco> i could load dapper here later and check what changed although most of the stuff will work except the function keys <jsgotangco> at least you have a baseline result from an official test unit <Hobbsee> jsgotangco: that might be helpful <Hobbsee> although most people ahve upgraded by now <jjesse> right now i can only load kubuntu in VMs due to work stuff <jsgotangco> VMs won't be that accurate though <jsgotangco> a live cd should suffice even * jsgotangco loads it now * jjesse still hasn't received his cds from shipit yet :( * jsgotangco has kubuntu cds at the moment * nixternal does too..however they are all Breezy and Hoary <jsgotangco> dapper =) <nixternal> grrr. <jjesse> agreed <Hobbsee> jjesse: i've got a ubuntu one if you wanted it :P <nixternal> come on jsgotangco...send some back here to the Windy City ;) <jjesse> Hobbsee: no thanks i'll pass <jsgotangco> some people have started receiving their orders <nixternal> so i've heard <Hobbsee> hehe <nixternal> i have 2 fairly large orders <jsgotangco> i really like the way the bootsplash for kubuntu was made its really solid <jjesse> well lady and gentleman time for me to head to bed <nixternal> isn't it the same as ubuntu...just bloooo? <nixternal> and has the extra k :) <jjesse> contineue the discussion on the mailing list so i can catch up :) <jsgotangco> the blue is very solid though and it makes a difference <nixternal> hehe <nixternal> ahhh...true...thats why blooo is my favorite color <Hobbsee> night jjesse <nixternal> although..i have been messing around with Ubuntu for documentation..and the Human theme has grown on me <nixternal> oooh...trillian..that just hurts my heart to see that ;) <jsgotangco> im not really a kde user but my wife uses it in her laptop so... <nixternal> come on...need to use kde...you are from chiKago ;) <imbrandon> trillian is windows only too isnt it LOL <jsgotangco> yeah poor jjesse doesn't even have broadband as well so... <jsgotangco> im sure he could do more with enough resources <Hobbsee> nixternal: mine too...ick <Hobbsee> imbrandon: it didnt run under wine, yeah * Hobbsee breakfasts. <nixternal> which i don't get...since i can look out my window across the pond and wave at jjesse ;) <imbrandon> ok i'm headed to bed soon ....... sleep <Hobbsee> back <Hobbsee> night imbrandon <imbrandon>
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a top-down manner. You can experiment with transforming the layout generated by the Reingold-Tilford algorithm into a radial layout (just use the Y coordinate as the radius and the X coordinate as the angle around the origin). This will probably provide a good starting point, but I suspect that the resulting layout can be improved further by passing it to a force-directed layout (like the Fruchterman-Reingold algorithm) that is able to refine an initial "seed" layout. Note: using the Fruchterman-Reingold layout algorithm out-of-the-box probably wouldn't work because if you don't provide it with a seed layout, then it starts from a random layout. The random layout is probably very far from the optimal tree-like layout and thus it is harder for the Fruchterman-Reingold algorithm to disentangle the crossing edges. Q: How can I test the new indicators? I saw the screenshots of new indicators in Daniel's Google+, how can I install them? Screenshots: A: Install Attention! Be careful, this is a test version of a packages, use the virtualization or make a backup for future rollback! Add ppa:elementary-os/staging and ppa:elementary-os/daily and upgrade libgranite3 wingpanel and greeter packages: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:elementary-os/staging sudo add-apt-repository ppa:elementary-os/daily sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgranite3 wingpanel pantheon-greeter -y sudo apt-add-repository -r ppa:elementary-os/daily Install indicator-ayatana to display third-party indicators: sudo apt-get install wingpanel-indicator-ayatana Install indicator-keyboard if you use multiple keyboard layouts: sudo apt-get install wingpanel-indicator-keyboard Fix indicator-network doubling: sudo scratch-text-editor /etc/xdg/autostart/nm-applet.desktop Find the NoDisplay=true and replace on NoDisplay=false. After save changes and exit. Run gnome-session-properties in the terminal and uncheck "Network" in the opening window. After these steps logged out and in again. Return sudo apt-get install ppa-purge sudo ppa-purge ppa:elementary-os/staging Go to System Setting > Applications > Startup and check "Network". After these steps logged out and in again. Q: Create alphabetical Pagination for custom taxonomy? I want to create an alphabetical pagination for terms from custom taxonomy so I'll be displaying it like this: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z So for example if I click on the letter A it would list all terms from custom taxonomy that start with the letter A. How can I do this? I'm not skilled at programming so this is what done so far by taking bits of code from various snippets. <?php get_header(); ?> <div id="content-small"> <div class="list-terms"> <h1 class="list-title">Listing all Tags available</h1> <div class="alphanav"> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=A">A</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=B">B</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=C">C</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=D">D</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=E">E</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=F">F</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=G">G</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=H">H</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=I">I</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=J">J</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=K">K</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=L">L</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=M">M</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=N">N</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=O">O</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=P">P</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=Q">Q</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=R">R</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=S">S</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=T">T</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=U">U</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=V">V</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=W">W</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=X">X</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=Y">Y</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=Z">Z</a> <a href="<?php bloginfo('url'); ?>/genre/?character=#">#</a> </div> <?php $args = array('name__like' => "a", 'order' => 'ASC'); $terms = get_terms('post_tag', $args); if ( !empty( $terms ) && !is_wp_error( $terms ) ) { $count = count($terms); $i=0; $term_list = '<ul class="my_term-archive">'; echo '<h2 class="term-letter">A</h2>'; foreach ($terms as $term) { $i++; $term_list .= '<li><a href="' . get_term_link( $term ) . '" title="' . sprintf(__('View all post filed under %s', 'my_localization_domain'), $term->name) . '">' . $term->name . '</a></li>'; if ($count != $i) { $term_list .= ''; } else { $term_list .= '</ul>'; } } echo $term_list; } ?> </div> </div> <?php get_footer(); ?> function.php function the_dramatist_filter_term_clauses( $clauses ) { remove_filter('term_clauses','the_dramatist_filter_term_clauses'); $pattern = '|(name LIKE )\'%(.+%)\'|'; $clauses['where'] = preg_replace($pattern,'$1 \'$2\'',$clauses['where']); return $clauses; } add_filter('terms_clauses','the_dramatist_filter_term_clauses'); So far I only managed to get list of terms starting with A but I haven't been able to get the pagination links working. How can I get the pagination links working and how can I do the rest of the letters without me having to manually hard code each of the letters? A: In your code you are showing "A" for all the paginations and you also don't need to create link for every letters in English. I fixed them. And I also added a class here called selected to current link in pagination link groups by which you can design the current link in pagination group. Please analyze the code first and write your CSS according to it. Here is the updated page code- <?php get_header(); $name_like = isset($_GET['character']) ? $_GET['character'] : ''; $letters = range('A', 'Z'); ?> <div id="content-small"> <div class="list-
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be used with dairy, and vice versa. Utensils that have come into contact with non-kosher food (while hot) may not be used with kosher food. Grape products made by non-Jews may not be eaten. Guide to Kosher Symbols: The "kosherness" of a food is indicated by a symbol printed on the food package. Each symbol represents a particular agency's certification that the food has been processed in accordance with Jewish Dietary Laws. Common Kosher Symbols Found on the food products in our kosher kitchen and in our vending machines. Founded in 1898, The Orthodox Union (OU) is one of the oldest and largest Orthodox Jewish organizations in America. The OU hechsher's simple logo of an “O” surrounding a "U" is cited as the most recognizable kosher symbol in the world. It appears on over 800,000 products, produced, per the OU, "in over 6,000 plants located in 92 countries..." To maintain this deep market reach, the OU employs some 600 Rabbinic Field Representatives, who travel to food production facilities around the world, inspect equipment and ingredients, and supervise manufacturing processes to ensure they adhere to strict kosher standards. For personal assistance and information, please contact us at (707) 638-5506.El Sereno Skatepark Located in East Los Angeles the new El Sereno Skatepark is now open! Designed and built by Ca Skateparks this 12,000 square foot street plaza has it all. Located at 4721 Klamath St. Los Angles, CA 90032The act of having sex in the shower, requiring three showers. 1st shower:Alone. This is to cleanse body before the opposite party enters the shower. 2nd shower:Shared. This is to make love in a passionate way and semi-exotic manner. 3rd shower:Alone or shared, depends on bond between the parties. This is the required shower after sex, so you do not remain sweaty and unsanitary. Carl: Dude, Liz is coming over tonight and i already initiated the three shower affair by taking my first one. Finch: Well the second is the best but girls like it if you make the third one a little playful. The act of having sex in the shower, requiring three showers. 1st shower:Alone. This is to cleanse body before the opposite party enters the shower. 2nd shower:Shared. This is to make love in a passionate way and semi-exotic manner. 3rd shower:Alone or shared, depends on bond between the parties. This is the required shower after sex, so you do not remain sweaty and unsanitary. Carl: Dude, Liz is coming over tonight and i already initiated the three shower affair by taking my first one. Finch: Well the second is the best but girls like it if you make the third one a little playful.Ischaemic heart disease in Africa. Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), previously considered rare in sub-Saharan Africa, now ranks 8th among the leading causes of death in men and women in the region. Furthermore, the prevalence of IHD and related morbidity may be increasing as a result of adverse behavioural and lifestyle changes associated with urbanisation and the epidemiological transition. The major risk factors for IHD in sub-Saharan Africa include hypertension, smoking, diabetes, abdominal obesity and dyslipidaemia. In the INTERHEART Africa study, these risk factors contributed a population-attributable risk of nearly 90% for acute myocardial infarction. Many cost-effective interventions exist at the individual and population levels, and they are likely to have a significant health impact in Africa. An aggressive approach that combines environmental, policy and legislative interventions for health promotion and primary prevention, coupled with improved access to evaluation, treatment and control of hypertension and other major risk factors, provides the best strategy for averting an epidemic of IHD in sub-Saharan Africa.Hell Warders Review – Demon Spawn Connect The legions of Hell are bursting forth and beginning their assault on the mortal realm. With hope quickly dwindling, it is up to the Hell Warders to make the defence against a legion of unholy creatures that threaten the peace. That is the general plot of Hell Warders the tower defence action RPG hybrid. I suppose one could liken this meeting of genres as somewhat bizarre, but many bizarre combinations have yielded beautiful results. So should Hell Warders ascend to the third heavens? Or be banished to the dark depths of Hades? First Impressions First impressions count for a lot and I’ll be blunt in saying that my first impression of Hell Warders was poor. As soon as you step into your first mission and begin to repel the myriad of demons that burst forth you will notice that Hell Warders looks bad. The design choices are fine, enemies look grotesque, stages are dreary and fit the aesthetic well, but the actual visuals from a technical standpoint are poor. Some PS2 games do look better. Whilst visuals aren’t everything, I then began to notice that the FPS was fairly unstable. It never felt gamebreaking, but it certainly felt common. Then there’s the combat. Half of the experience of Hell Warders is that you are on the field of battle. A good way to summarize the visuals and the combat would be to liken them to a bowl of porridge. As it is as visually appealing and exciting to interact with as a bowl porridge. The combat is somewhat lacklustre, not awful, but not good. You do have a good deal of influence on what is happening, but essentially all you do is spam basic attacks for 10 minutes and activate a special when you get a chance. Simply put if the combat was the main bulk of the gameplay, I’d tell people to avoid the title like the plague. As in isolation the combat mechanics certainly have issues, but thankfully for Hell Warders this isn’t the whole package. Tower Defence The other half of this hybrid is the tower defence mechanics and I must say I found them to be delightful. The premise is simple. There are 23 levels (and hard mode). Each level has a certain amount of waves. Each level has unique paths for enemies to follow and spawn from and they are attempting to destroy the “Nexus”. You must buy, position and upgrade units throughout the level to maintain your defence and ensure victory. It is the basic Tower Defence formula, but Hell Warders does an admirable job of bringing the formula to Switch. The variety of units you can purchase is respectable and an added layer of strategy is added, by limiting the player to only be able to choose from 6 of 15 different units to be able to be purchased in the map. Do you opt for cheaper foot soldiers, but the more expensive crossbowmen? Or go for the cheaper archers and try hit the unit limit as fast as possible. It is a real fun system and you’ll find making after you fail a mission making a few different choices in unit placement and which types you buy can be the different between defeat and victory. Legions of Hell Then there’s the enemies that you will encounter. As I mentioned above, on a technical level? They look lacklustre, but I can respect the design choices being made. There’s an impressive amount of different enemies to encounter. All with their own attributes. Standard grunts, super fast “Hell Wheels”, magic wielding demons, slimes and many more. Adapting your purchases and placements to counter the weaknessess of your foes is integral and makes each unit feel like they have a use. There are also bosses at the end of some levels and these are generally, ok. The truth is as I engaged with the first boss, it brought out more issues I had with the combat as a Hell Warder. Your character seems woefully inept in fighting the first boss. Dodging feels hard, damage is low and you essentially just get to run in, hit him a few times and die. I wasn’t expecting something like Dark Souls, but to engage bosses as the player just isn’t that fun. Other Features Each level will rank you depending on how much damage your nexus took. You can receive a maxiumum of 5 beacons per a level and these stack up to unlock new units and more points to use to upgrade your character and units. There are 3 different types of Hell Warders to choose and all feel unique enough. Once you beat the game on normal you unlock hard mode and I must say that the game does offer a decent amount of challenge, before even reaching hard mode. So despite its lack of other modes, you will sink a good bit of time in Hell Warders. Then finally the game offers 4 player co-op as with friends and online matchmaking. It is nice jumping into games with other players and it does seem to scale the difficulty depending on how many players are in the match. However again I noticed another issue with the character you control as I played online. You essentially feel like a bumper car online, when you knock into another payer you seem to bounce off of one another. It is a minor issue, but again another exampe of some of the rough edges found in Hell Warders. System reviewed on: Nintendo Switch. Disclaimer: A review code for Hell Warders was provided by the publisher.Automatically expanding and contracting an antenna mounted on an automobile or any other vehicle involves
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wouldn't be such a party pooper, but you know." Lottie was backing down the path as she spoke, her hand raised in a gesture of farewell. "I'll turn it down right now," I called after her. I shut the door and went into the drawing room where the noise hit me like a wall. I snapped off the stereo, the silence immediately pressing around me, my eardrums still beating. I sat on the sofa and poured myself a final glass. In the silence it was much easier to think clearly. Of course V hadn't fallen in love that quickly. Of course she hadn't fallen in love at all. She was still in love with me and I knew that to be true for two reasons: First, V wasn't the sort of person to be swept off her feet, and second, she would never have been so angry about the American incident if she hadn't loved me. I had to keep reminding myself what I had already worked out: This was all part of our game. This was our ultimate Crave and only I would understand that. I picked my laptop off the floor and rested it on my knees. Perhaps it would be stranger to simply turn up at her wedding without contacting her first. The rules of any game dictate that a move by one player is followed by the move of the other. She had made the first move, I must make the second. To: [email protected] From: [email protected] Subject: Hi Dear V, I just wanted to let you know I'm back now. Thanks for the invite to your wedding, I've let your mum know I'm coming. I've got myself a job at Bartleby's and I've bought a house in Clapham, although you must know that, as how else would I have received the invitation! I really think you'd love it. You should come round some time. It would be good to meet Angus as well. Where are you living now? Are you still at Calthorpe? I hope all is good there. I'm still very sorry for all that happened and I can't pretend I wasn't surprised when you told me you were getting married. But I know life moves on. I understand a lot of what you said to me now. It would be really good to see you. Much love, Mike (Eagle) I debated for a while about putting in the eagle bit, but V had often called me her eagle and I needed to start reminding her of who we were. I wanted her to know that I got it, that I knew we'd started playing again. * * * I woke a few hours later with a pounding head and stiff limbs, the sun streaming through the window, revealing all the particles in the air before my face. I pushed myself up and saw another patch of blood where I had been lying. I reached my hand to my temple, but it was tender to the touch, so I stood and looked in the mirror above the fireplace. I was shocked to see a mean red lump protruding above my eyebrow. It looked like a tiny volcano on my face, rising to a dark peak, from which a thin line of dried, almost black blood was encrusted down one side. I showered and brushed my teeth and drank a pint of water to rid my mouth of the taste of rotting meat, which removed the desire to die. But still all I felt capable of was putting on a tracksuit and dragging a blanket to the sofa. If V were here I knew she would make me some hot tea and feel my forehead, she would tuck in the covers and ruffle my hair. I checked my e-mail, but my in-box was empty. The day was very long. I ordered in food and watched the sort of television programs that had punctuated my childhood, but which V had taught me to despise. Where once these types of shows had soothed me, sometimes even made me laugh, now I could only see them through her eyes, could only see fat, stupid people competing for nonexistent prizes, as if humiliating yourself in public was the point. I checked my e-mail every ten or so minutes. At one point I unplugged and then reset my broadband. But I was worried this had done something to it, so I called my provider, who assured me there was nothing wrong with my connection. I asked Google how long undeliverable mail takes to be returned and was told the postmaster should inform you of a difficulty almost immediately, but confirmation could take up to three days. The day drifted into the evening and the television got worse, but I knew I couldn't concentrate on books or music. I had my laptop open next to me, my in-box forever on the screen, my finger constantly refreshing the page. I slept fitfully, on the sofa again, although this time I did have the foresight to close the curtains. I dreamed of V, trapped in an electronic world of her own creation, stuck behind a million passwords that no human would ever be clever enough to decipher. She was being attacked by a massive eagle and screamed my name constantly. I woke with a start, my heart pinning me to the sofa like a butterfly in a box, my body covered in sweat, and my mouth painfully dry. I lay very still and regulated my breathing, first into my toes, then up my legs, through my belly, my chest, neck, and out of the top of my head. I felt better when I'd done that and I could see light creeping around the edges of the curtains, which gave me some hope. And I remembered all was not lost, Suzi and Colin were still at Steeple House, just as they always would be, and I knew that place as well as anywhere in the world. I left it until ten a.m. and then ten minutes more. By then I had run and showered and dressed and cleaned the house and opened the doors into the garden and made myself a pot of coffee. I would walk across the Common in a bit and buy a paper, maybe even have lunch in a pub. Normal Sunday pursuits. Steeple House's number was still stored in my phone, although it wouldn't have mattered if it had been lost. Suzi took a while to answer, but I knew better than to ring off, knew she would be in the garden on a fine summer morning with her daughter's wedding looming and all the guests to impress. "Mike?" she said, failing to hide her surprise behind her over-accentuated vowels. "How are you, Suzi?" I asked, keeping my voice light. "Well, we're fine, thank you," she replied, recovering herself. "Thank you for replying to the invitation so swiftly." I was worried when she said that. I thought I'd left an adequate amount of time, but maybe I was wrong, maybe I looked too keen. "It will be lovely to see you and Colin." "Yes. How long have you been back in England?" I could hear the radio spluttering on in the background and I knew it would be Radio 4, which was never turned off in Steeple House. V and I always listened to Radio 4 as well and I do miss it, but it's one of the things I still find too painful. "A couple of months. I've bought a house in Clapham and got a job at another bank." "Well, yes. Verity told me." It was good to know they had discussed me. "Fantastic news about Verity's promotion," I said, which was a gamble, but not that big a one, if you knew V. "Oh, you heard?" I could hear the pride in her voice. "Have you two been in touch then?" "Just by e-mail." I let the conversation rest for a minute. "In fact, that's why I was ringing. I wanted to send her and Angus an engagement gift and I haven't got their address." I felt Suzi's hesitation down the line, as large as a bear. "Oh, well, that's very sweet of you, Mike. But you don't need to do that, surely. And anyway, why don't you ask Verity for it?" I half laughed, trying to sound casual. "I was going to, but then I thought that might ruin the surprise." "Well, yes, I suppose it might," Suzi said, but still I could feel the hesitation. "Oh, don't worry," I said cheerfully. "I should have thought it's a bit of an odd thing to ring and ask after all this time. I'll just e-mail her, don't worry." "No, no. Sorry, I'm being silly. It's 24 Elizabeth Road, W8. I don't know the whole postcode, but I could get my address book." "No, postcodes are easy to find." I looked at the words I had written on the pad in front of me. I knew W8 meant Kensington and I had a feeling I knew Elizabeth Road. Large, grand houses. "How about a flat number?" "Oh no, they have the whole house." Again I heard the swell of pride in her voice. "Anyway, I'm glad you're feeling, well, better, Mike. It'll be good to see you at the wedding." "Yes," I said, heat rising
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the question shows that mlock does not prevent the kernel from migrating the page to a new page frame; indeed, there's an entire section devoted to migrating mlocked pages. Thus, simply calling mlock() does not guarantee that you will not experience any minor pagefaults Somewhat belatedly, I see that this answer quotes the same passage and partially answers my question. One of the reasons the kernel might move pages around is memory compaction, whereby the kernel frees up a large contiguous block of pages so a "huge page" can be allocated. Transparent huge pages can be easily disabled; see e.g. this answer. My particular test case was the result of some NUMA balancing changes introduced in the 3.13 kernel. Quoting the LWN article linked therein: The scheduler will periodically scan through each process's address space, revoking all access permissions to the pages that are currently resident in RAM. The next time the affected process tries to access that memory, a page fault will result. The scheduler will trap that fault and restore access to the page in question... This behavior of the scheduler can be disabled by setting the NUMA policy of the process to explicitly use a certain node. This can be done using numactl at the command line (e.g. numactl --membind=0) or a call to the libnuma library. EDIT: The sysctl documentation explicitly states regarding NUMA balancing: If the target workload is already bound to NUMA nodes then this feature should be disabled. This can be done with sysctl -w kernel.numa_balancing=0 There may still be other causes for page migration, but this sufficed for my purposes. incubator-lucy-dev mailing list archives Greets, I've been working on portability bugfixes for 0.1.1, using the smoke testing data from a week's worth of CPAN Testers results: http://www.cpantesters.org/distro/L/Lucy.html?grade=1&perlmat=1&patches=2&oncpan=2&distmat=2&perlver=ALL&osname=ALL&version=0.1.0 At this point, I think I've exploited all the data and can't do more without contacting individual testers and asking them to do debugging. There are two failures that haven't yet been dealt with: On Solaris 2.10 / Perl 5.14.0, 511-sort_spec.t fails. http://www.cpantesters.org/cpan/report/12566644-8e18-11e0-a864-9e94df0b48ff Looks like a bus error. It's hard to know what's going wrong without Valgrind output or similar. There are no other systems with this test fingerprint. Maybe Solaris doesn't like some of the sub-byte array stuff in NumberUtils.cfh which is used by SortCollector -- earlier versions of Solaris were finicky about memory alignment in a way other operating systems were not. On OS X Tiger / Perl 5.10.0, we have a compilation error due to invalid compiler flags: http://www.cpantesters.org/cpan/report/ab36c1a0-9062-11e0-9432-9ffe20b1acdd I think this is a misconfigured test box, since those compiler flags came from the Perl config itself. If -mmmx baffles the compiler now, it should have baffled the compiler when it was compiling Perl. I believe that all other failing test reports have been addressed, though of course I can't verify the fixes or determine whether there are other failures that were being masked. All the fixes have been committed to trunk, but should be backported to the 0.1 branch. If no one objects in the next day or so, I'll make the following changes: marvin@smokey:~/projects/lucy-0.1.x $ svn diff Index: CHANGES =================================================================== --- CHANGES (revision 1134956) +++ CHANGES (working copy) @@ -1,5 +1,24 @@ Revision history for Lucy +0.1.1 XXXX-XX-XX + + Bugfixes: + + * Bad prototype for MAKE_MESS when no variadic macros available. + https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCY-152 + * XSLoader version string mismatch. + https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCY-153 + * Double-quote all #error directives. + https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCY-154 + * TestFSFileHandle's Close() test on Windows fails to clean up. + https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCY-155 + * Address GCC warnings for Charmonizer code + https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCY-156 + * Add -pthread linker flag on OpenBSD + https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCY-157 + * Disable LockFreeRegistry test by default. + https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCY-158 + 0.1.0 2011-05-20 Initial release, adapted from a software grant for the KinoSearch codebase. After that, the only thing on my list for 0.1.1 is writing a script which will autogenerate commands for the RM so that following the ReleaseGuide wiki recipe will be easier. Marvin HumphreyIntestinal fatty acid-binding protein levels in patients with chronic renal failure. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), a biomarker of enterocyte injury, has been reported to be a diagnostic marker of intestinal ischemia and a prognostic marker in critically ill patients. However, the kinetics of I-FABP in renal failure patients is unknown. We sought to identify I-FABP levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis (HD) and to identify the manner in which the I-FABP levels change. Adult patients who were admitted for elective cardiac surgery with either normal renal function (NRF), CKD, or ESKD on HD were enrolled. Serum I-FABP levels in NRF and CKD patients and in ESKD patients before and after HD were determined. A total of 124 patients were evaluated: 47 NRF, 53 CKD, and 24 ESKD. The I-FABP levels of the CKD patients and pre-HD ESKD patients were significantly higher than those of the NRF patients (P = 0.018 and P <0.001, respectively). I-FABP levels were significantly negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate in NRF and CKD patients (Spearman's ρ = -0.313, P = 0.002). In addition, I-FABP levels in ESKD patients were significantly lower after HD than those before HD (P <0.001). I-FABP levels in CKD and pre-HD ESKD patients were significantly higher than those in NRF patients. In addition, I-FABP was significantly eliminated by HD in patients with ESKD. Clinicians and researchers should consider this aspect of I-FABP when using it as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with renal insufficiency.This site may earn affiliate commissions from the links on this page. Terms of use. 2017 has been the best year for AMD since at least 2009-2010 and arguably the best for over a decade. The Ryzen CPU family has forced Intel to make significant adjustments to its own product stack, but so far, these changes have been confined to the desktop side of the market. Leaked benchmarks purportedly from an AMD Raven Ridge APU suggest the new CPU core is a vast improvement over Carrizo, though there are a few caveats to address before we tackle the leaks. First, we don’t know if Geekbench is as optimized for Ryzen as it is for Intel; Ryzen having been on the market for much less time than Intel’s Skylake and Kaby Lake processors. Existing optimizations may need to be tweaked to address Raven Ridge’s smaller L3 cache (GB reports 4MB instead of 8MB). Second, it’s possible that turbo modes aren’t implemented on pre-production hardware. It’s not uncommon for UEFI developers to push multiple UEFI updates out to reviewers as a product nears launch, and these often fix features like improper turbo clocks. Third, we don’t know the Ryzen 5 2500U’s TDP. Intel refers to CPUs with a “U” designation as being ultra-low power and typically keeps them to 15W or less, but while AMD is probably using similar nomenclature that’s obviously not confirmed. The Ryzen 5 2500U supposedly has a base clock of just 2.0GHz, which puts it on-par with the base clock on the 8550U. We don’t know how high these chips will turbo or how long they can hold their
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staying significant for 4 h. Extended dosing produced increasingly stronger hypoglycemic effects, reaching a maximum at 2 weeks. Return to normoglycemia using _Sclerocarya_ has also been shown to produce rises in plasma insulin levels (Trovato et al., 1995). The authors of this study hypothesized that among the mechanisms of _Sclerocarya_ is the liberation of insulin from the beta-cells. This makes sense, as the mechanism is likely in the feedback loops of insulin production and/or release as indicated by the rise in insulin during the extract's hypoglycemic action. A second study on a 95% EtOH extract of fresh stem bark showed hypoglycemic effects, confirming the results of the previous study and indicating that the active components are likely semipolar in nature (Gondwe et al., 2008). In this study, antihyperglycemic activity was shown in a streptozotocin-induced model. It is possible that this is consistent with the beta-cell theory because streptozotocin destroys beta-cell functionality, and what few remain could be stimulated to provide the spikes in insulin in these models. This type of mechanism, if it is correct, would be geared toward development of T1DM drugs, or drugs for severe and uncontrolled T2DM. For those readers who are interested in the use of dietary supplements, the authors would like to mention five plants found in the combination of this review, as well as the 1971 and 1995 diabetes reviews, for which sufficient data exists that suggests they may be useful for the treatment of T2DM. These are fenugreek, bitter melon, sweet potatoes, peas, and garlic. All have been shown in at least one human study to lower or prevent the raising of blood sugar levels in a statistically significant manner. Below is a description of the available experimental data on each of the species for the purpose of recommending commonly available foods that can be utilized, as they are possibly safe and effective in the treatment of T2DM as indicated by their study results. ## 4 Fenugreek (Fabaceae/Leguminosae) _Trigonella foenum-graecum_ L., or fenugreek, as it is often referred to, is used as a treatment for diabetes in 12 different countries. Almost all use the seed, but the leaf is used in parts of India, and in Israel, the entire plant is used for this purpose (<http://napralert.org/>). The toxicity reports for _Trigonella_ are mostly negative (<http://napralert.org/>). There is a case report of strange odor exhibited by an infant's skin and urine upon delivery. This was thought to be attributed to maternal ingestion of _Trigonella_ , and the resulting buildup of sotolone, a lactone present in the plant that smells of maple syrup (Sewell et al., 1999). Follow-up studies showed the seeds to be inactive as abortifacients in a study with 2 g day−1 in rats, and numerous extracts of seeds were shown not to be mutagenic or genotoxic in cell studies (Flammang et al., 2004; Rockwell and Raw, 1979). Additionally, LD50 determinations in mice with the glycoside fractions reported 7.0 g kg−1 averages (Abdel-Barry and Ah-Hakiem, 2000), and one study claimed no toxic effects in humans at dietary intakes of up to 25 g day−1 (Al-Habor and Raman, 1998). _Trigonella_ has an impressive number of human studies (<http://napralert.org/>), which have demonstrated its activity in diabetic patients. One study in Israel reported improved results in the meal tolerance test using the entire plant on 21 overnight-fasted T2DM patients (Madar et al., 1988). Another study reported the leaves to be effective in T2DM patients at 5 g day−1 by lowering blood glucose levels in mild states, but not in severe disease states (Bordia et al., 1997). Most human studies, however, have been on the seeds. There are a total of seven active human studies, with only one conflicting report (<http://napralert.org/>). The authors of these studies speculate that seeds of _Trigonella_ are rich in fiber that resembles guar gum in structure (Al-Habor and Raman, 1998). This fiber is claimed to be beneficial for T2DM, especially in the form of reduced sugar loss in urine. This results in greater dietary carbohydrate retention, an action reported to improve results in glucose tolerance tests (Puri, 1999). Conflicting reports can be seen for the importance of the compound trigonelline (Bhatia, 1989; Puri, 1999), which is often referenced as the active constituent in _Trigonella_ because of its measured effects on glucosuria. Some researchers dispute trigonelline's involvement in the hypoglycemic activity of _Trigonella_ because studies conducted using amounts similar to those present in the plant fail to explain the full hypoglycemic action. Some even pointed to a different compounds such as fenugreekine, and most recently, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, a compound that is reported to represent nearly 80% of free amino acids in the seeds (Petropoulos, 2002). In one human study, _Trigonella_ was shown to have no effects on insulin levels (Madar and Arad, 1989). It was proposed that the mechanism of action was related to the inhibition of diffusion or transport of glucose independent of hormonal mechanisms. ## 5 Bitter Melon (Curcubitaceae) _Momordica charantia_ L., also known as bitter melon, is used as food in ten countries. It is utilized as a treatment for diabetes in 24 countries. Most ethnobotanical use has been with the fruit or leaves of the plant (<http://napralert.org/>). There are some concerning and conflicting toxicity reports in the literature on _Momordica_ at high doses. Although aerial part doses up to 200 mg kg−1 tested inactive in two separate abortifacient studies in rats (Prakash and Mathur, 1976; Runnebaum et al., 1984), ten different countries traditionally use large consumption of the plant as a means for inducing abortion (<http://napralert.org/>). Furthermore, 6.0 ml kg−1 fresh fruit juice has been reported to cause death in a rat after 18 h with intraperitoneal administration (Sharma et al., 1960), and in two pregnant rabbits with 6.0 ml kg−1 doses for 23 days after it caused uterine hemorrhage (Sharma et al., 1960). The fruit was also determined to be antispermatogenic at a dosage of 1.75 g daily at 60, 40, and 20 days in dogs (Dixit et al., 1978). These reports meet conflicting reports found in the literature that 500 mg kg−1 of the leaf is inactive for embryotoxic effects in rats (Saksena, 1971), 20.0 mg kg−1 decoction of the fruit is reportedly negative in nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity tests (Virdi et al., 2003), and 10 g kg−1 50% aqueous EtOH extract of whole plant shows no toxic effects in mice (Mokkhasmit et al., 1971). Because of these conflicting results, and because no further testing has been done to validate any particular result, more studies on _Momordica_ 's toxicity should be conducted. There are 13 human studies conducted on _Momordica_ , all on the fruit or dried fruit decoction (<http://napralert.org/>). These studies are largely in agreement with only three inactive results, and an impressive ten actives, indicating statistically significant blood sugar lowering at doses ranging from 500 mg per person perday to 3 g per person thrice a day (<http://napralert.org/>). Insulin levels were reported not to have elevated during one study (Leatherdale et al., 1981). This indicates a possible insulin sensitizing, or insulin mimetic-type mechanism. Indeed, this would not be the first time that the effects of _Momordica_ have been attributed to increased glucose uptake (Raman and Lau, 1996). Of interest, _Momordica_ is known to contain the compound charantin, which has been refered to as 'plant insulin' (Welihinda et al., 1986). In a clinical trial using this compound, it was shown to be active in nine patients with ten controls (Kirti et al., 1982). The author of this trial suggested the use of charantin as an alternative to animal insulin because of its insulin-like properties (Baldwa et al., 1977). ## 6 Sweet Potatoes (Solonaceae) _Ipomoea batatas_ (L.) Lam., commonly known as the sweet potato, is eaten as food in such geographically distant countries as Peru, Japan, Tanzania, and New Zealand (<http://napralert.org/>). The young leaves and shoots are used traditionally as medicine for the treatment of diabetes in the Phillipines. Similarly, the dried leaves are used in Fiji, and in Vietnam, Brazil, and Japan, the tuber is used for this purpose (<http://napralert.org/>). The safety of this species is usually implied with its ubiquitous designation as food although it is claimed to be abortive in the livestock of Peru (<http://napralert.org/>) and is reported to be used by Peruvian women as an abortifacient (<http://napralert.org/>). Additionally, it is avoided by pregnant Hawaiins because of the belief that it causes miscarriages (<http://napralert.org/>). However, no indication is made in these claims of the believed toxic level of
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included in both, they are very different sorts of food. There is no tempter or temptation. For more detailed discussion of these, see Mettinger, _Eden Narrative,_ p. 108. Translation of the Sumerian in CT 16.46 by Daniel Bodi, used with permission. Known in Akkadian as the _kiškanu_ tree. See discussion in Ake W. Sjöberg, "Eve and the Chameleon," in _In the Shelter of Elyon: Essays on Ancient Palestinian Life and Literature,_ ed. W. Boyd Barrick and John R. Spencer, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement 31 (Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1984), pp. 217-25; and Mariana Giovino, _The Assyrian Sacred Tree: A History of Interpretations,_ Orbis biblicus et orientalis 230 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2007), pp. 12-20, 197-201. As a cosmological feature, one thinks also of the "primeval hillock" represented in all Egyptian temples as the mound that first emerged from the waters. This tree has prominence throughout the ancient Near East in the Old Testament period, from an early-second-millennium Sumerian epic, _Lugalbanda and Anzud,_ to the later mid-first-millennium _Story of Erra and Ishum_ ( _meshu_ tree). In the _Gilgamesh Epic_ it is known as the ḫ _uluppu_ tree, and it is featured prominently in neo-Assyrian palace reliefs. For thorough discussion (though with idiosyncratic interpretation), see Simo Parpola, "The Assyrian Tree of Life: Tracing the Origins of Jewish Monotheism and Greek Philosophy," _Journal of Near Eastern Studies_ 52 (1993): 161-208. See discussion in Daniel Bodi, "Ezekiel," in _Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary: Old Testament,_ ed. John H. Walton (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009), 4:472-73; Matthias Henze, _The Madness of Nebuchadnezzar: The Ancient Near Eastern Origins & Early History of Interpretation of Daniel 4_ (Leiden: Brill, 1999), pp. 77-80; and Daniel I. Block, _The Book of Ezekiel, Chapters 25–48_ (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998), pp. 187-89. Gilgamesh tablet XI, lines 281-307. See n. 20 in previous chapter; see also A. R. George, _The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts_ (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 1:721-23. See also his discussion concerning the realities of Dilmun (= Bahrain), 1:524. Note there also his consideration that the text of _Gilgamesh_ actually refers to a particular coral that has the appearance of a plant and is fabled to have medicinal value. Herman L. J. Vanstiphout, _Epics of Sumerian Kings: The Matter of Aratta,_ Society of Biblical Literature Writings from the Ancient World 20 (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2003), p. 119. Another example is a plant of birth in the tale of Etana, a plant that will allow Etana's barren wife to bear children. By using this language I am not abandoning the idea that God is the source, merely recognizing that literary shaping is in the realm of the human aspects of Scripture. Giovino, _Assyrian Sacred Tree._ Parpola, "Assyrian Tree of Life," p. 161. Giovino, however, is not convinced it is a real tree at all but thinks it could be a cult object representing a tree ( _Assyrian Sacred Tree,_ conclusions on p. 201). Othmar Keel and Christoph Uehlinger, _Gods, Goddesses, and Images of God in Ancient Israel,_ trans. Thomas H. Trapp (Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1998). Barbara Nevling Porter, _Trees, Kings, and Politics: Studies in Assyrian Iconography,_ Orbis biblicus et orientalis 197 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2003), pp. 11-20. Giovino, _Assyrian Sacred Trees,_ p. 104, in contrast, is reticent since the palm flower clusters are too large to be represented as they are on the reliefs. Stordalen, _Echoes of Eden,_ p. 290. In fig. 14 on p. 490 he also shows an interesting Assyrian seal that shows a divine figure with a drawn bow protecting a tree from a horned serpent that is reared up. Parpola, "Assyrian Tree of Life," p. 173. Some have favored the term _sacramental_ ; see Stordalen, _Echoes of Eden,_ pp. 291-92. For the location of Dilmun, see George, _Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic,_ vol. 1 **,** pp. 519-20; he says that "mouth of the rivers" refers to any place where river waters rise to the surface from the Apsu (p. 521). If this is true, the mouth of the waters is equivalent to Apsu, and the phrase refers to the domain of the god Ea. The Springs of Bahrain were considered the mouth of the rivers in antiquity. Stordalen argues for peripheral ( _Echoes of Eden,_ pp. 297-99). See also Umberto Cassuto, _Commentary on the Book of Genesis, Part 1: From Adam to Noah,_ trans. Israel Abrahams (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1961), p. 118, where he argues that the garden is not situated in the world. Ephrem, along with Gregory of Nyssa, contended that the garden was outside time and space. He viewed the garden as a conical canopy to the earth with the underside of the cone being the solid sky of the cosmos (Ephrem the Syrian, _Hymns on Paradise,_ p. 54). Ziony Zevit, _What Really Happened in the Garden of Eden?_ (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013), pp. 108-11. #### **Proposition 14: The Serpent Would Have Been Viewed as a Chaos Creature from the Non-ordered Realm, Promoting Disorder** Thorkild Jacobsen, "Mesopotamian Gods and Pantheons," in _Toward the Image of Tammuz and Other Essays on Mesopotamian History and Culture,_ ed. William L. Moran (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971), p. 24; Jeremy Black and Anthony Green, _Gods_ , _Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia_ (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1992), p. 139; see also W. G. Lambert, "Trees, Snakes and Gods in Ancient Syria and Anatolia," _Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies_ 48 (1985): 435-51. Nicole B. Hansen, "Snakes," in _Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt,_ ed. Donald B. Redford (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 3:297. John H. Walton, "Genesis," in _The Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary: Old Testament_ (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009), pp. 35-36. All Pyramid Text citations refer to utterance numbers and are taken from Raymond O. Faulkner, _The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts_ (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969). _Bašmu_ is sometimes portrayed as having two front legs (Joan Goodnick Westenholz, _Dragons_ , _Monsters and Fabulous Beasts_ [Jerusalem: Bible Lands Museum, 2004], p. 190). See a picture of the seal of Gudea showing Ningishzida introducing him to Enki, in Black and Green, _Gods_ , _Demons and Symbols,_ p. 139. "May your poison fangs be in the earth, your ribs in the hole" (no. 230); "spittle in the dust" (no. 237). _The Context of Scripture,_ ed. William W. Hallo and K. Lawson Younger Jr. (Leiden: Brill, 2003), 1:108 (line 8). This is a stock description also found in the _Gilgamesh Epic_ and _Nergal and Ereshkigal_. Ancient Egyptian texts list thirty-seven types of snakes along with the symptoms of bites and believed remedies. See Hansen, "Snakes," 3:296. Cf. Heinz-Josef Fabry, " _nahaš_ ," _Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament_ (Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1998), 9:359. Faulkner, _Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts._ Full discussion in James H. Charlesworth, _The Good and Evil Serpent: How a Universal Symbol Became Christianized_ (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010).
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edge. Then we apply the transformation of $\cP$ suggested by Maroti in [@Maroti10:tree]. By $\cP\cdot\vf$ we denote the instance $(V,\cC_\vf)$ given by the rule: for every $\C=\ang{\bs,\rel}\in\cC$ the set $\cC_\vf$ contains a constraint $\ang{\bs,\rel\cdot\vf}$. To construct $\rel\cdot\vf$ choose a tuple $\bb\in\rel$ such that $\bb[v]^{\mu^*_v}=\vf(v)$ for all $v\in\bs$; this is possible because $\vf$ is a solution of $\cP\fac{\ov\mu^*}$. Then set $\rel\cdot\vf=\{\ba\cdot\bb\mid \ba\in\rel\}$. By the results of [@Maroti10:tree] and Lemma \[lem:centralizer-multiplication-p1\] the instance $\cP\cdot\vf$ has a solution if and only if $\cP$ does and $\razm(\cP\cdot\vf)<\razm(\cP)$. \[the:central-p1\] If $\cP\fac{\ov\mu^*}$ is 1-minimal, then $\cP$ can be reduced in polynomial time to a strictly smaller instance. A CSP instance $\cP=(V,\cC)$ from $\CSP(\zA)$ A solution of $\cP$ if one exists, ‘NO’ otherwise Solve $\cP$ using the few subpowers algorithm and RETURN the answer Transform $\cP$ to a subdirectly irreducible, block-minimal and (2,3)-minimal instance $\mu^*_v=\mu_v$ for $v\in\Razm(\cP)\cap\Centr(\cP)$ and $\mu^*_v=\zz_v$ otherwise $\cP^*=\cP\fac{\ov\mu^*}$ */\* Check the 1-minimality of $\cP^*$* $\cP'=\cP^*_{(v,a)}$    */\* Add a constraint $\ang{(v),\{a\}}$ fixing the value of $v$ to $a$* Transform $\cP'$ to a subdirectly irreducible, (2,3)-minimal instance $\cP''$ If $\razm(\cP'')<\razm(\cP)$ call [SolveCSP]{} on $\cP''$ and flag $a$ if $\cP''$ has no solution Establish block-minimality of $\cP''$; if the problem changes, return to Step 10 If the resulting instance is empty, flag the element $a$ If there are flagged values, tighten the instance by removing the flagged elements and start over Use Theorem \[the:central-p1\] to reduce $\cP$ to an instance $\cP'$ with $\razm(\cP')<\razm(\cP)$ Call [SolveCSP]{} on $\cP'$ and RETURN the answer #### Comments on the algorithm. Using Lemma \[lem:to-block-minimality-p1\] and Theorems \[the:non-central-p1\],\[the:central-p1\] it is not difficult to see that the algorithm runs in polynomial time. Indeed, every time it makes a recursive call it calls on a problem whose non-semilattice free domains have strictly smaller size, and therefore the depth of recursion is bounded by $|\zA|$ if we are dealing with $\CSP(\zA)$. In order to prove Theorem \[the:non-central-p1\] we introduce $\ov\beta$-strategies that are somewhat similar to (2,3)-strategies in the sense that they are also collections of relations defined through some sort of minimality condition and are consistent. We show how such constructions can be used to prove Theorem \[the:non-central-p1\]. Let $\cP=(V,\cC)$ be a subdirectly irreducible, (2,3)-minimal and block-minimal instance. Let $\zA_v$ denote the domain of $v\in V$. Also, let $\beta_v\in\Con(\zA_v)$ and $B_v$ a $\beta_v$-block. Let $\cR$ be a collection of relations $\rel_{C,v,\al\beta}$ for every $C=\ang{\bs,\rel}\in\cC$, $(v,\al,\beta)\in\cW(\ov\beta)$ and such that $S(C,v,\al\beta)=\bs\cap W_{v,\al\beta,\ov\beta}$ is its set of coordinate positions. Similar to (2,3)-minimality a tuple $\ba\in\prod_{w\in X}\zA_x$ for some $X\sse V$, is called *$\cR$-compatible* if for any $C\in\cC$ and $(v,\al,\beta)\in\cW(\ov\beta)$ it holds $\pr_T\ba\in\pr_T\rel_{C,v,\al\beta}$, where $T=X\cap S(C,v,\al\beta)$. Collection $\cR$ is said to be a *$\ov\beta$-strategy* with respect to $(B_v)_{v\in V}$ if the following conditions hold for every $C=\ang{\bs,\rel}\in\cC$ and $(v,\al,\beta)\in\cW(\ov\beta)$ (let $W=W_{v,\al\beta,\ov\beta}$)[^2]: - the relations $\rel^{X,\cR}$, where $\rel^{X,\cR}$ consists of $\cR$-compatible tuples from $\rel^X$ for $X\sse V$, $|X|\le 2$, form a nonempty $(2,3)$-strategy for $\cP$; - for every $(w,\gm,\dl)\in\cW(\ov\beta)$ (let $U=W_{w,\gm\dl}$) and every $\ba\in\pr_{\bs\cap W\cap U}\rel_{C,v,\al\beta}$ it holds: if $(w,\gm,\dl)\not\in\cW'$ then $\ba$ extends to an $\cR$-compatible solution of $\cP_U$; otherwise if $(v,\al,\beta)\not\in\cW'$ then $\ba$ extends to an $\cR$-compatible solution of $\cP_U\fac{\ov\mu^{Y_1}}$ with $Y_1=\Razm(\cP)-(W\cap U)$; and if $(v,\al,\beta)\in\cW'$ then $\ba$ extends to an $\cR$-compatible solution of $\cP_U\fac{\ov\mu^{Y_2}}$, where $Y_2=\Razm(\cP)-\bs$; - $\rel\cap\prod_{w\in\bs} B_w\ne\eps$ and for any $I\sse\bs$ any $\cR$-compatible tuple $\ba\in\pr_I\rel$ extends to an $\cR$-compatible tuple $\bb\in\rel$. Let $\cP$ be a block-minimal instance, $\beta_v=\zo_v$ and $B_v=\zA_v$ for $v\in V$. Then as it is not hard to see the collection of relations $\cR=\{\rel_{C,v,\al\beta}\mid (v,\al,\beta)\in\cW(\ov\beta), C\in\cC\}$ given by $\rel_{C,v,\al\beta}=\pr_{\bs\cap W_{v,\al\beta,\ov\beta}}\rel$ for $C=\ang{\bs,\rel}\in\cC$ is a $\ov\beta$-strategy with respect to $\ov B$. Also, by (S3) a $\ov\gm$-strategy with $\gm_v=\zz_v$ gives a solution of $\cP$. Our goal is therefore to show that a $\ov\beta$-strategy for any $\ov\beta$ can be ‘reduced’, that is, transformed to a $\ov\beta'$-strategy for some $\ov\beta'<\ov\beta$. Note that this reduction of strategies is where the condition $\Razm(\cP)\cap\Centr(\cP)=\eps$ is used. Indeed, suppose that $\beta_v=\mu^*_v$. Then by conditions (S1)–(S3) we only have information about solutions to problems of the form $\cP_W\fac{\ov\mu^*}$ or something very close to that. Therefore this barrier cannot be penetrated. \[part:technicalities\] We start this part with preliminaries, where apart from additional definitions and notation, we remind some of the results of [@Bulatov04:graph; @Bulatov16:connectivity; @Bulatov16:restricted] related to colored graphs of algebras and relational structures and also some of their properties. In Sections \[sec:maximality\]–\[sec:rectangularity\] we advance these results a little further. Then in Section \[sec:polynomials-maximality\] we introduce in a more detailed way the method of separating factors in congruence lattices using polynomial
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ulike miljøene må på et introspektivt vis komme slike holdninger til livs, ved å bidra til diskusjoner internt i miljøene. Men generaliserende og unyanserte utspill vil ikke bidra, sier Rana. Mehtab Afsar i Islamsk Råd Norge ønsker ikke å kommentere kronikken. Dag W. Grundseth Taust fra Islamsk råd Hverken Islamsk råd eller den store muslimske ungdomsorganisasjonen Islam Net ønsker å kommentere kronikken. — Raja får bare stå inne for det han selv sier. Jeg er litt opptatt her nå, sier Mehtab Afsar i Islamsk råd. Fahad Qureshi fra Islamnet sier først han vil kommentere kronikken. Men etter å ha ha fått tid til å lese den nøye, ønsker han ikke lenger å si noe. — Nei, jeg har egentlig ikke noe å si om dette, sier Qureshi. Mahmood: Ikke jødehat Hverken Akhtar Chaudhry (SV) eller Afsan Rafiq (H) kjenner seg igjen Rajas beskrivelse. - Rajas beskrivelse må være av helt spesielle miljøer. Den er ikke dekkende for den virkeligheten 99 prosent av alle norske muslimer lever i, sier Rafiq. — Jeg er ikke oppdratt i noen hatkultur og jeg oppdrar ikke mine barn til å hate verken jøder, amerikanere eller homofile eller de som krenker profeten Muhammed, sier Chaudhry, som mener reaksjonene etter Muhammed-filmen og -tegningene er utløsende årsaker til opptøyer. Akhtar Chaudhry kjenner seg ikke igjen. — Det som ligger bak er langvarig misnøye med amerikanernes politikk og opptreden i muslimske land. Denne misnøyen har vokst seg sterkere de siste to tiårene, sier Chaudhry.Khalid Mahmood (Ap) mener Raja forenkler problemstillingene. - Hatet han skriver om skyldes ikke kultur, det er uttrykk for store, reelle politiske motsetninger. Det Raja omtaler som hat mot jøder, er ikke det. Det er reaksjoner på Palestina-konflikten og staten Israels opptreden overfor sine naboer, sier Mahmood, som mener det vil kreve en modningsprosess for å imøtegå fiendtlige holdninger. — Muslimenes vei blir ikke enklere av at andre, utenforstående griper inn og latterliggjør og forsøker å påpeke hva som er rett. - Stopp henteekteskapene Rolfsen tror ikke at de fiendtlige holdningene og utenforskapet vil forsvinne uten politiske grep, fordi indoktorineringsmønsteret gjentas i hver nye generasjon som følge av eksteskapsmønsteret. - Det eneste jeg ser som en løsning på dette, er å stoppe henteekteskap. Det er ulykkelig for alle parter, å mikse ungdom som er vokst opp i et av de mest siviliserte, moderne samfunn, og et av de diametralt motsatte, sier Rolfsen. Når norske muslimske ledere avviser Rajas problemstilling, mener Rolfsen det har å gjøre med at de ikke har «hoppet over» fra utenforskapet. — De kan ikke snakke fritt, og de som gjør det blir uglesett. Det går utover både deg, hele din familie og klan. Raja kan gjøre det, for han har allerede hoppet over etter å ha giftet seg med en utenfor klanen, sier Rolfsen.18% of British youths are resigned to never having a full-time job in their lifetime. Research by the Dame Kelly Holmes Trust shows two-hundred-and-ten thousand young people who are currently NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training) feel doubtful about getting a job and that around 125 thousand 16-24 year old NEETs feel they’ll be on benefits for another 5-10 years, while nearly one in ten (7%) expect to be signing on for the next 10-20 years. The charity, which helps young people get into work, surveyed a group of 350 British young people who are NEET.The lack of racial diversity in the “Academy” (of Motion Pictures) was well publicized long before Oscar night. It even gave writers enough time to come up with Neil Patrick Harris’ quip about “the best and the whitest– oops brightest” to kick off the show. And, with #OSCARSSOWHITE cresting as a popular twitter hashtag, white homogeneity was in the spotlight. But how did language diversity fare? There is no #OSCARSSOSTANDARDENGLISH or #OSCARSNOLANGUAGEDIVERSITY2015 to track on twitter. How inclusive is the Academy when it comes to different ways of speaking? As Citizen Sociolinguists, we have the tools to investigate. First step, we can look at what people were saying then and there, at the Oscars, about language. Then we can ask our social networks: What memorable moments of language talk could people recall the next day? People I’ve talked to immediately recalled two primary ultra-awkward moments of talk about language (and these seem to have been underlined in real time Twitter feeds too). The first of these two key language awareness moments was Neil Patrick Harris’ attempt to talk about the “British Accent” with David Oyelowo, best actor nominee for his role as Martin Luther King, Jr. in Selma. Neil Patrick Harris jokes, “Help me prove that everything sounds better in a British Accent. I’m going to do this setup for a joke and then I’ll give you the punch line.” The joke and the punch line are not worth repeating—only barely funny, clearly tasteless. Simply the expressions on the faces of the audience were enough to indicate the sourness of this routine. And on the web, Oyelowo’s gif-immortalized gesture echoed this impression. Even British English couldn’t patch things up: The second memorable language awareness moment began when Sean Penn announced the winner of Best Picture, for Birdman, directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu. After the usual pregnant pause and before he announced the winner, Penn’s off-the-cuff “green card” comment—alluding to Iñárritu being Mexican—met with immediate revulsion on Twitter. As exemplified here: A few glum faces, even among the best picture winners, gave hints that this humor didn’t fly with everyone in the room either. Iñárritu then brilliantly stepped on stage with the cast of Birdman and took the microphone. Self-deprecatingly, he described his own English accent: Oh my god, they want me to talk because I am the worst English-speaking guy here. Then he proceeded to put to shame the evening’s countless scripted and non-scripted attempts at language artistry. He spoke up for Mexico and for Mexicans’ contributions in the United States, and he implicitly punched back at Sean Penn’s joke: Finally, I just want to take one second. I want to take the opportunity to dedicate this award for my fellow Mexicans. The ones who live in Mexico. I pray that we can find and build a government that we deserve. And the ones that live in this country, who are part of the latest generation of immigrants in this country. I just pray they can be treated with the same dignity and respect of the ones who came before and build this INCREDIBLE. IMMIGRANT. NATION. Thank you very much. If that is the “worst English-speaking guy” in the room, what might we call some of the other English speakers present that evening? And how well does the Academy seem to recognize the verbal artistry involved in language diversity? What moments of talk about language did you hear at the Oscars? What do your social networks have to say about language diversity that night? Leave your comments below!Principle Voices Director Mary Batchelor takes notes as her son, Tristan, finds space in a packed room as polygamists learn how to lobby
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Patrick Collinson, 'Truth and Legend: The Veracity of John Foxe's _Book of Martyrs'_ , in A. C. Duke and C. A. Tamse (eds.), _Clio's Mirror: Historiography in Britain and the Netherlands_ (Zutphen, 1985), 151–2. See William Nelson, _Fact or Fiction: The Dilemma of the Renaissance Storyteller_ (Cambridge, Mass. 1973). Foxe's _Book of Martyrs_ (1583), *1v-2v; trans. supplied. See Helen C. White, _Tudor Books of Saints and Martyrs_ (Madison, 1963), ch. 1. For a helpful approach to the construction of narrative in Foxe's _Book of Martyrs_ , see John R. Knott, _Discourses of Martyrdom in English Literature, 1563–1694_ (Cambridge, 1993), chs. 1–2. For detailed accounts of the sources for individual narratives, see the Editorial Commentary in _FBMO_. Among other instances of composure in the face of death, we may take note of Thomas Bilney's enjoyment of 'an ale brew with... a cheerful heart and quiet mind' on the day before his execution (p. 9); John Rogers's composure during imprisonment, when he was 'merry and earnest in all he went about' (p. 37); John Bradford's consoling words—'"Be of good comfort, brother; for we shall have a merry supper with the Lord this night"'—to the young man with whom he was burnt alive (p. 149); John Hooper's decision '"to tarry and to live and die with my sheep"' rather than flee from his episcopal see (p. 59); and Thomas Haukes's agreement with his friends that he would provide a sign within the flames 'if the rage of the pain were tolerable and might be suffered' (p. 136). Mary Hampson Patterson, _Domesticating the Reformation: Protestant Best Sellers, Private Devotion, and the Revolution of English Piety_ (Teaneck, NJ, 2007), 101–54, _passim_. _Book of Martyrs_ (1631), vol. 1, sig. ()6r—v. The Explanatory Notes below identify many quotations and allusions that receive no explicit acknowledgement within narratives in this text. Desiderius Erasmus, _Christian Humanism and the Reformation: Selected Writings_ , ed. John C. Olin (New York, 1965), 97. David Daniell, _William Tyndale: A Biography_ (New Haven and London, 1994), 61. Erasmus, _Christian Humanism_ , 97. Stephen Greenblatt, _Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare_ (Chicago, 1980), 106. On Foxe's engagement with Tyndale, see John N. King, '"The Light of Printing": William Tyndale, John Foxe, John Day, and Early Modern Print Culture', _Renaissance Quarterly_ 54 (2001), 52–85. Dialogues between learned lay people and ignorant clerics are a familiar component of Protestant propaganda in Germany and England. See John N. King, _English Reformation Literature: The Tudor Origins of the Protestant Tradition_ (Princeton, 1982), 258–62, 286–7. King (ed.), _Voices_ , 43. See John 10: 1–18. See King (ed.), _Voices_ , 293. See 2 Samuel 15–17. See 1 Timothy 3: 1–7. Ruth Samson Luborsky and Elizabeth Ingram, _A Guide to English Illustrated Books, 1536–1603_ , 2 vols. (Tempe, Ariz., 1998), 382. Luborsky's total of 'one hundred woodcuts in 153 occurrences' underestimates the actual numbers according to Mark Rankin. King, _Foxe's_ Book of Martyrs _and Early Modern Print Culture_ , 285, 297–303. _Fox's Book of Martyrs, Or A History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Triumphant Deaths of the Primitive Protestant Missionaries_ (Philadelphia: Porter and Coates, n.d.). Word estimates for the English editions are based on personal communication from Professor Mark Greengrass. They exclude headlines and marginal notes. The length of the Authorized Version of 1611 (the 'King James' Version'), including the Apocrypha, approximates 900,000 words. See John N. King, 'Eighteenth-Century Folio Publication of Foxe's _Book of Martyrs', Reformation_ , 10 (2005), 99–105. Cytotoxic 14-Membered Macrolides from a Mangrove-Derived Endophytic Fungus, Pestalotiopsis microspora. Seven new 14-membered macrolides, pestalotioprolides C (2), D-H (4-8), and 7-O-methylnigrosporolide (3), together with four known analogues, pestalotioprolide B (1), seiricuprolide (9), nigrosporolide (10), and 4,7-dihydroxy-13-tetradeca-2,5,8-trienolide (11), were isolated from the mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of NMR and MS data and by comparison with literature data. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was used to confirm the absolute configurations of 1, 2, and 10, while Mosher's method and the TDDFT-ECD approach were applied to determine the absolute configurations of 5 and 6. Compounds 3-6 showed significant cytotoxicity against the murine lymphoma cell line L5178Y with IC50 values of 0.7, 5.6, 3.4, and 3.9 μM, respectively, while compound 5 showed potent activity against the human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. Coculture of P. microspora with Streptomyces lividans caused a roughly 10-fold enhanced accumulation of compounds 5 and 6 compared to axenic fungal control.Elk Lake (Michigan) Elk Lake is located in Antrim and Grand Traverse counties in Northern Michigan. The lake is about a mile and a half wide (2.4 km) and nine miles (14 km) long, and is centered at near the town of Elk Rapids. It has maximum depth of , making it Michigan's second deepest after Torch Lake. It is a popular lake for fishing, featuring lake trout, rock bass, yellow perch, smallmouth bass, muskellunge, ciscoes, brown trout, rainbow trout, and whitefish. This deep, clear, caribbean-colored lake is very much a smaller version of the more famous Torch Lake, which lies just to the east. Elk Lake is part of a watershed that begins in northern Antrim County with Intermediate Lake, which is connected by the Intermediate River with Lake Bellaire. The Grass River flows from Lake Bellaire into Clam Lake, which in turn drains into Torch Lake via the short Clam River. Torch Lake is drained by the Torch River, which flows into Lake Skegemog, which opens into Elk Lake. Elk Lake flows through Elk River into the east arm of Grand Traverse Bay at Elk Rapids. This watershed is popularly known as the Chain of Lakes. Nearby is a sign marking the 45th parallel north, halfway between the North Pole and the Equator. This is one of six Michigan sites and 29 places in the U.S.A. where such signs are known to exist. Wabigama club Wabigama is a private colony situated on the eastern bank of Elk Lake in Rapid City, Michigan. It was founded in 1924 by Lester Dragstedt and other University of Chicago professors. Founding members were leaders with a common interest in academic and applied research including (among others) medicine, physiology, and sociology. Friends comprised the remaining members. The club has offered anonymity from the local community, refuge from their public life and some of the few remaining wilderness areas on private land. The club's land tract was surrounded by rural life until the late 1970s when commercial interests started encroaching. The camp is located less than five miles (8 km) from one of Northern Michigan's best-known vacation areas, on the south end of Torch Lake. Membership is closed and has been passed through family lines for three generations. Some the better-known members include Arno B. Luckhardt (MD, PhD Physiology), John Crout (chemical engineer), Carl Dragstedt (M.D.), and Louis Leon and Thelma Gwinn Thurstone (and continued by two of their sons, Fredrick L. and Robert L. Thurstone. The camp is mentioned in Edwin G. Boring's A History of psychology in autobiography and in the obituaries of various individuals involved with the colony. See also List of lakes in Michigan References External links   Elk Lake Iceboating Category:Lakes of Antrim County, Michigan Category:Lakes of Grand Traverse County, Michigan Category:Lakes of MichiganIn West Bank, teen offenders face different f
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undesirably increased. Although it may be contemplated to discriminate whether or not the disc recording and/or reproducing apparatus is in the recording mode and to move the magnetic head based on the results of discrimination, the apparatus tends to be complicated in structure and bulky in size. When the disc cartridge is loaded on the disc drive of the loading unit for the above-described recording and/or reproducing apparatus by way of loading, the disc cartridge is accommodated and held in the cartridge holder. Consequently, when the disc cartridge is to be removed from the disc drive so as to be discharged out of the disc recording and/or reproducing apparatus by way of unloading, it is necessary to extricate the disc cartridge outwardly from the cartridge holder. When the unloading is terminated, the cartridge holder is housed within the outer casing of the disc recording and/or reproducing apparatus. Consequently, when the disc cartridge remains accommodated in the cartridge holder, the disc cartridge cannot be taken out of the outer casing. With the above-mentioned loading unit, the disc cartridge is pushed out during unloading in a forward direction under the bias of a spring mounted within the cartridge holder. With the loading unit, the cartridge holder is introduced into the disc cartridge of the cartridge holder against the bias of the spring, that is as the spring is elastically deformed by the disc cartridge. Consequently, with the above-described loading unit, smooth insertion of the disc cartridge into the cartridge holder cannot be achieved because of the elastic resistance offered by the spring. With the loading unit, there is a risk of destruction of the disc cartridge by being thrown into open air under the bias of the spring during unloading. Besides, since the disc cartridge is discharged at a high speed during the unloading operation of the loading unit, there is a risk of destruction of a pawl member used for retaining a shutter member provided in the disc cartridge in a state of closure.Gryżyna Landscape Park Gryżyna Landscape Park (Gryżyński Park Krajobrazowy) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in western Poland, established in 1996, covering an area of . The Park lies within Lubusz Voivodeship: in Krosno Odrzańskie County (Gmina Krosno Odrzańskie, Gmina Bytnica), Świebodzin County (Gmina Skąpe) and Zielona Góra County (Gmina Czerwieńsk). It takes its name from the village of Gryżyna in Gmina Bytnica. Gryżyński Landscape Park is covered with forests in 86.6%, with surface waters in 6.6% and in 2.6% with pastures and meadows and marshy wasteland. The park is situated in the Warsaw-Berlin ice-marginal-valley and it constitutes a good example of postglacial relief with a great variety of postglacial forms such as vales, eskers and ravines, which contrast with sander plains around the park. The park is extended from the village Gryżyna in the north to the village Szklarka Radnicka in the south. It is 2-3 kilometers wide and 12.5 kilometers long and the vale of Gryżyna is its axis. The western vale constitutes the riverbed for Gryżyński Potok. This peat bog area is cut with ravines with steep slopes and huge amount of slope springs (there are nearly 100 between the villages Gryżyna and Grabin). In the south there are a few postglacial lakes and the biggest is the lake Jelito, which is 36.6 meters deep and covers the area of 49.9 hectares. To the east of the central and the western vales there are eskers, the kettle holes and kames with the dominant Border Mountain. In the beautiful landscape of the northern part of the park a 7,5- kilometre path of nature has been marked up with ten stands described by means of seventeen tables. The path is marked with the symbol of a green leaf. The stands relate to different topics: 1. The holiday camp “Dora” in Gryżyna 2. The watermill Strzelnik 3. The ravines with 60% inclination 4. The slope springs 5. The fen 6. The kame edge 7. The watermill Zaskórz 8. The esker inside the vale 9. The pond Bartno 10. The lake Kalek The natural monuments In the park there are 4 avenues of oaks and one tree - a pedunculate oak - protected in the form of natural monuments. The avenues are grouped in the area of Gryżyna village, they gather about 300 trees and with its longevity ( 150–200 years) and size (20 –25 metres high and 180-400 centimetres of circumference) they are considered an amazing natural phenomenon. Another natural monument is the deepest and the most beautiful ravine, which was created by water after the glacier had retreated. The western and central part of the ravine is covered by the beech forest. In the eastern part, on the peat bogs, black alders grow. The Rashes of Gryżyna cover 32,86 hectares and are located in the postglacial valley near the springs of Gryżyński Potok. The wet and inaccessible ground is the home for animals, particularly a biever, an otter and a crane. The Cranberry Marsh covers 2,81 hectares and is the habitat of the sundews, the mud sedge, the cranberry, the bog-rosemary and the white beat sedge. The park provides protection for the nests of a white-tailed eagle. The flora of Gryżyński Landscape Park Among trees of Gryżyński Landscape Park the following species can be found : pines, European and red beeches, oaks, alders and hornbeams. Common leptosporangiate ferns and umbellate wintergreen represent interesting and rare species in the park. There is also an old species wolf's-foot clubmoss. Among flowers there are : Carthusian Pink, Cheddar Pink, anemones, snowdrops, blue squills and liverworts. The wet meadows near Grabin are the habitat of a common foxglove and a wide range of orchids, for instance a military orchid. The peat bogs areas are covered with a mud sedge, the sundews, a cranberry and a bog-rosemary. The fauna of Gryżyński Landscape Park The diverse forms of postglacial relief serve as a shelter for plenty of animal species. The park is the habitat of a stag beetle. During June and July one can see the beetles in the near of oaks. Other insects are a European pine processionary and a moaning cloak – the biggest butterfly in Poland. A lot of places reveal the trace of beavers, which were introduced to the park in 1986. In the same places otters are found. Another mammals characteristic for the park are red and roe deer, a red fox, a wild boar, a raccoon dog, a European polecat, a beech marten and a European badger. | References External links http://ziemialubuska.pl/27,18 https://web.archive.org/web/20120425014028/http://www.okl.lasy.gov.pl/web/bytnica/gpk Category:Landscape parks in Poland Category:Parks in Lubusz VoivodeshipComing Soon What was is really like to run a 19th Century steamboat on Lake Chautauqua? The Lawson Center was given the wonderful hand-written journal of Wallce A Gray who was an engineer on the steamboat City of Jamestown from 1824 to 1891. We are digitizing the journal so that visitors can read it and also view this delicate and fascinating book. Read about the cargo and the passengers, the variety of steamboats plying the lake, the typical day on a steamboat as well as the not-so-typical mishaps.Japanese astronomers have learned that merging galaxies can contain at least a pair of active and luminous supermassive black holes. Typically, only one of the two black holes are activated like this, leading the astronomers to speculate that something unique is happening in the environment to get them going. Astronomers theorize that collisions and mergers of small gas-rich galaxies result in the formation of massive galaxies. At the center, these objects contain a supermassive black hole (SMBHs) weighing more than one-million solar masses. When material accumulates onto a SMBH, the accretion disk surrounding it becomes extremely hot from the release of gravitational energy and it becomes very bright. At least, not as we've defined them. In a new paper, Hawking says that one of the defining… Read more Read more Astronomers refer to this process as active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity, and it's different from the way stars generate energy via nuclear fusion reactions. They're highly compact regions which have a much higher than normal luminosity over a significant portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. They're the most luminous and persistent sources of electromagnetic radiation in the
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invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm [@Scovanner:2007:SDA:1291233.1291311] can extract local features which are invariant to rotation, scale and robust to different illumination conditions, we adopt SIFT keypoints as our designated keypoints. We need to annotate those designated keypoints in images for training keypoint detector (KPD). The designated 3D keypoints are projected to image space applying Equation \[eq:transformation\], deriving the ground truth coordinates of $k$ keypoints in image space. During generating synthetic images via rendering and pasting as used in [@Kehl2017SSD6DMR; @Sundermeyer_2018_ECCV; @Rad2017BB8AS], we can obtain the virtual camera intrinsic matrix $K$ and assigned rotation-translation matrix $\big[\mathbf{R}\big|\mathbf{t}\big]$ which are needed by Equation \[eq:transformation\]. As for the dataset with real pose annotated, $K$, $\mathbf{R}$ and $\mathbf{t}$ are given directly. Since human pose estimation literature has shown that localizing keypoints by predicting heatmaps [@Newell2016StackedHN; @tompson2014joint; @wei2016convolutional] is better at regressing keypoints coordinates directly [@toshev2014deeppose], we employ the Gaussian function on the 2D coordinates and generate $k$ ground truth heatmaps for the $k$ keypoints. Formally, let $\mathbf{x}^{p}$ be the ground truth location of $p$-th keypoint and its corresponding heatmap is $\mathcal{H}^{p}$. The value at location $\mathbf{p} \in \mathbb{R}^{2}$ in $\mathcal{H}^{p}$ is defined as $$\label{eq:gaussian} \mathcal{H}^{p}( \mathbf { p } ) = \exp \left( - \frac { \left\| \mathbf { p } - \mathbf{x}^{p} \right\| ^ { 2 } } { \sigma ^ { 2 } } \right)$$ where $\sigma$ is a parameter controlling the spread of the peak. The ground truth heatmaps are used for training KPD. Training and Testing -------------------- Different from the end-to-end training in [@tekin18], we train the YOLO detector and the KPD separately. Training in two stages can help decouple the problem of object detection and keypoint localization so that we can address them one by one, leading to better overall results. Feeding our annotated dataset, we train YOLOv3 using common settings as described in [@DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1804-02767] and KPD by minimizing the MSE loss between the ground truth and predicted heatmaps. Moreover, to deal with the bias in bounding box detection which would draw to an error in keypoint localization, we use the developed Pose-guided Proposal Generator (PGPG) proposed by [@fang2017rmpe] to augment the training data. The whole procedure of generating dataset and training KPD is shown in Figure \[fig:training\_kpd\]. During testing, we load the trained weights of both YOLO and KPD to the overall architecture. As described in Section \[sec:pipeline\], our pipeline first detects the bounding box, then localizes the keypoints. Finally, the PnP algorithm will help recover the 6D pose. ![Dealing with symmetry. Top: Our pipeline can handle two ducks in mirror symmetry without special care. Lower Left: the $\pi$-rotational ($\alpha = \pi$) symmetric object eggbox has pairs of indistinguishable keypoints in 3D space. (One pair in green and the other in yellow.) Lower Right: We can handle the $\pi$-rotational symmetry by restricting training images in half of the 3D space, just as if we only look at the eggbox from the front.[]{data-label="fig:symmetry_explain"}](Figures/mirror_symmetry_final.png "fig:"){width="0.9\linewidth"} ![Dealing with symmetry. Top: Our pipeline can handle two ducks in mirror symmetry without special care. Lower Left: the $\pi$-rotational ($\alpha = \pi$) symmetric object eggbox has pairs of indistinguishable keypoints in 3D space. (One pair in green and the other in yellow.) Lower Right: We can handle the $\pi$-rotational symmetry by restricting training images in half of the 3D space, just as if we only look at the eggbox from the front.[]{data-label="fig:symmetry_explain"}](Figures/eggbox_symmetry.png "fig:"){width="0.9\linewidth"} Handle Symmetry Cases --------------------- Estimating a keypoint $p_0$ located on a symmetric object may run into problem for there may be several points appearing the same as $p_0$. We need to handle different types of symmetry carefully (See Figure \[fig:symmetry\_explain\]). #### Mirror Symmetry A pair of points with mirror symmetry are in fact distinguishable for one of them is on the left and the other is on the right. Our KPD can learn to distinguish the left side from the right natually from end-to-end training and thus the mirror symmetry can be handled without special care which is verified by our experiments. #### $\alpha$-rotational Symmetry We consider that an object has $\alpha$-rotational symmetry if it looks the same after $\alpha$ angle rotation. For a designated keypoint $p$ on an object with $\alpha$-rotation symmetry, there are one or more points in symmetry with $p$ and they can be mistaken as $p$, resulting in divergence in training. To address such ambiguity, the training images should be projected from the 3D space that is within the range $[0,\alpha]$ in cylindrical coordinates system around the symmetric axis (see lower part of Figure \[fig:symmetry\_explain\]). On the other side, as used in [@7780735; @Hinterstoisser:2012:MBT:2481913.2481959; @tekin18], we take symmetry into account when evaluating the results. Specifically, our predicted pose of an $\alpha$-rotational object may vary due to the rotational symmetry, but the various poses should all be considered as correct as long as they are symmetric with ground truth pose. Experiments =========== We evaluate our proposed pipeline in two challenging benchmark datasets: LineMod [@Hinterstoisser:2012:MBT:2481913.2481959] and Occlusion [@10.1007/978-3-319-10605-2_35]. We first describe two datasets and evaluation metrics in short and give the implementation details. Then both qualitative and quantitative results are presented. Benchmark Datasets ------------------ #### LineMod [@Hinterstoisser:2012:MBT:2481913.2481959] is a standard benchmark dataset for 6D pose estimation. The LineMod dataset contains 18273 test images for 15 objects. The central object in the RGB image is considered as the target object whose bounding box, rotation and translation matrices are annotated. The 3D models with surface color are also provided and thus we can generate synthetic images for training. As others, we will skip the third and seventh objects which lack a meshed model. #### Occlusion [@10.1007/978-3-319-10605-2_35] is a dataset for multi-object detection and 6D pose estimation. It is created from LineMod dataset by denoting extra bounding boxes and poses of all the seven kinds of other objects appearing in the Benchvise sequence. As its name implies, most objects in the Occlusion dataset are under partial occlusion, making the multi-object detection and pose recovery quite difficult. Evaluation Metrics ------------------ We use two metrics to evaluate the 6D pose estimation results. The **2D reprojection error** [@7780735] is the mean distance between the 2D projection of the object’s 3D mesh vertices applying the predicted and the ground truth pose, and the predicted pose is correct if the error is less than 5 pixels. It mainly measures if the estimated pose is visually acceptable, so they are suitable for applications in virtual or augmented reality. The **ADD error** [@Hinterstoisser:2012:MBT:2481913.2481959] is the mean 3D distance between model vertices transformed by the ground truth pose and by the predicted pose. Formally, $$\label{eq:add_error} \Delta_{ADD} = \frac { 1 } { |M | } \sum _ { x \in M } \left\| ( \mathbf { R } \mathbf { x } + \mathbf { t } ) - ( \hat { \mathbf { R } } \mathbf {x} + \hat { \mathbf { t } }) \right\|$$ where $M$ is the set of model vertices, $\mathbf{R}$ and $\mathbf{t}$ are the predicted rotation and translation matrices while $\hat { \mathbf { R }}$ and $\hat { \mathbf { t } }$ are the ground truth ones. The estimated pose is considered to be correct if the ADD error is smaller than 10% of the object’s diameter. The ADD metric is stricter because it requires the predicted pose to be accurate enough to limit the ADD error within around $1 \sim 2$ cm. We use the terminologies 2D reprojection accuracy and ADD accuracy to represent the percentage of correct poses among all predicted poses using the above two metrics correspondingly. For evaluating the symmetric
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fix his base psychosis. Power in Imperfection Earrings $28.00 Qty Power can be subtle. These hand textured sterling silver drop earrings give the essence of strength, with the ease of everyday wear. Inspired by the circle: a universal symbol representing the notions of wholeness, the cycle of life, and original perfection. Life isn’t perfect, so I don’t make perfect circles. The texture represents life’s rough patches, it’s flawed, but the process makes the metal better reflect glimmers of light. Simple, yet durable, these earrings will quickly become your everyday reminder of the power in your imperfections.Q: gulp/node `del` package buckling under large glob I have a rather complex build process (using gulp), which builds out (among many other things) about 95 javascript files into various folders scattered throughout a build directory. I would think simply executing delete of the build folder would be straightforward, but no matter what I try, I continuously get some variation of the following error: events.js:154 throw er; // Unhandled 'error' event ^ Error: ENOENT: no such file or directory, lstat '/Users/path/to/my/site/build/app/js/services/some-ever-changing-js-file.js' at Error (native) Here is the extremely simple gulp task: gulp.task('clean', '', cb => { del(['build'], { dryRun: false }, cb) }) Additional Info: del: ^2.2.0 gulp: ^3.9.0 If I run the task twice, it only throws the first time. I have tried about every variation of file globs possible, such as build/**, build/**/*.js, build/**/*.*, always the same error, not always on the same file. Tried implementing vinylPaths-- got same result :sadpanda: Has anyone seen this behavior before? Anyone know how to fix it or what could be the cause? A: Finally figured it out-- it had nothing to do with the build at all-- another application had this file open and it refused to delete it. #!/bin/bash # # This file is part of the GROMACS molecular simulation package. # # Copyright (c) 2013,2014,2015,2019,2020, by the GROMACS development team, led by # Mark Abraham, David van der Spoel, Berk Hess, and Erik Lindahl, # and including many others, as listed in the AUTHORS file in the # top-level source directory and at http://www.gromacs.org. # # GROMACS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or # modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License # as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 # of the License, or (at your option) any later version. # # GROMACS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # Lesser General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public # License along with GROMACS; if not, see # http://www.gnu.org/licenses, or write to the Free Software Foundation, # Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. # # If you want to redistribute modifications to GROMACS, please # consider that scientific software is very special. Version # control is crucial - bugs must be traceable. We will be happy to # consider code for inclusion in the official distribution, but # derived work must not be called official GROMACS. Details are found # in the README & COPYING files - if they are missing, get the # official version at http://www.gromacs.org. # # To help us fund GROMACS development, we humbly ask that you cite # the research papers on the package. Check out http://www.gromacs.org. # This script is intended as a pre-commit hook that optionally runs all # changes through some formatting check. Currently, it runs uncrustify and # checks copyright headers. # # It needs to be copied as .git/hooks/pre-commit and configured with # git config hooks.uncrustifypath /path/to/uncrustify # git config hooks.uncrustifymode check # git config hooks.copyrightmode update # # To disable the hook temporarily for a commit, set NO_FORMAT_CHECK environment # variable. For example, # NO_FORMAT_CHECK=1 git commit -a # You can also run git commit --no-verify, but that also disables other hooks. # # See docs/dev-manual/code-formatting.rst for more details. if [ ! -z "$NO_FORMAT_CHECK" ] then exit 0 fi if git rev-parse --verify HEAD >/dev/null 2>&1 then against=HEAD else # Initial commit: diff against an empty tree object against=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904 fi # Redirect output to stderr. exec 1>&2 clangtidy_mode=`git config hooks.clangtidymode` clangformat_mode=`git config hooks.clangformatmode` copyright_mode=`git config hooks.copyrightmode` if [ -z "$clangtidy_mode" ] then clangtidy_mode=off fi if [ -z "$clangformat_mode" ] then clangformat_mode=off fi if [ -z "$copyright_mode" ] then copyright_mode=off fi if [[ -f admin/clang-tidy.sh && \ ( "$clangtidy_mode" != "off" ) ]] then runclangtidy_path=`git config hooks.runclangtidypath` if [ -z "$runclangtidy_path" ] then echo "Please set the path to run-clang-tidy using 'git config hooks.runclangtidypath'." echo "Note that you need at least clang-tidy-9." exit 1 fi export RUN_CLANG_TIDY="$runclangtidy_path" admin/clang-tidy.sh check-index --rev=$against \ --tidy="$clangtidy_mode" stat=$? if [ $stat -eq 1 ] ; then exit 1 elif [ $stat -ne 0 ] ; then echo "Source code checking with clang-tidy failed" exit 1 fi fi if [[ -f admin/clang-format.sh && \ ( "$clangformat_mode" != "off" ) ]] then clangformat_path=`git config hooks.clangformatpath` if [ -z "$clangformat_path" ] then echo "Please set the path to clang-format using 'git config hooks.clangformatpath'." exit 1 fi export CLANG_FORMAT="$clangformat_path" admin/clang-format.sh check-index --rev=$against \ --format="$clangformat_mode" stat=$? if [ $stat -eq 1 ] ; then exit 1 elif [ $stat -ne 0 ] ; then echo "Source code formatting check with clang-format failed" exit 1 fi fi if [[ -f admin/copyright.sh && \ ( "$copyright_mode" != "off" ) ]] then admin/copyright.sh check-index --rev=$against \ --copyright="$copyright_mode" stat=$? if [ $stat -eq 1 ] ; then exit 1 elif [ $stat -ne 0 ] ; then echo "Copyright information check failed" exit 1 fi fi Q: Creating Lines from Multiple Points to one Reference Point I'm looking to create a new line shapefile to connect two sets of point files using a common reference field. E.g. in the below image i'd have 7 lines connecting from the blue shapefile to the orange shapefile. I have a few hundred clusters of features like this so need a fairly automated way. A: There are a couple of options available to you: RT QSpider plugin that will create a spider diagram using pairs of coordinates. You'll need to create one table listing all the source coordinates with their target coordinates. Use PostGIS and a simple query to build the
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circumspection.'" (Id., at p. 835.) The same is true in the instant case — although Morgan could not be held to answer for felony murder for the death which occurred in the course of his committing the section 2053 felony, if that felony were committed without due caution and circumspection, there still remained the possibility of his being convicted of involuntary manslaughter. *472 DISPOSITION The postremittitur dismissal of the murder count is reversed and the case is remanded for trial. Danielson, J., and Arabian, J., concurred. Respondent's petition for review by the Supreme Court was denied February 14, 1986. NOTES [1] People v. Burroughs, supra, at page 827, held that while the felonious unlicensed practice of medicine can, in many circumstances, pose a threat to the health of the individual being treated, commission of that crime does not inevitably pose danger to human life, so that a violation of section 2053 does not provide the predicate for a felony-murder conviction. It's not a remake of the SNES classic that was loved by many, but this re-shelling of the arcade game looks great, allows for four player co-op play online and is an acceptable version of what many consider the best TMNT game of all time./* abn-tree.css style for the angular-bootstrap-nav-tree for both Bootstrap 2 and Bootstrap 3 */ /* ------------------------------------------ AngularJS Animations... The first selector is for Angular 1.1.5 The second selector is for Angular 1.2.0 */ .abn-tree-animate-enter, li.abn-tree-row.ng-enter { transition: 200ms linear all; position: relative; display: block; opacity: 0; max-height:0px; } .abn-tree-animate-enter.abn-tree-animate-enter-active, li.abn-tree-row.ng-enter-active{ opacity: 1; max-height:30px; } .abn-tree-animate-leave, li.abn-tree-row.ng-leave { transition: 200ms linear all; position: relative; display: block; height:30px; max-height: 30px; opacity: 1; } .abn-tree-animate-leave.abn-tree-animate-leave-active, li.abn-tree-row.ng-leave-active { height: 0px; max-height:0px; opacity: 0; } /* ------------------------------------------ Angular 1.2.0 Animation */ .abn-tree-animate.ng-enter{ } .abn-tree-animate.ng-enter{ } /* end animation stuff ----------------------------------------- begin normal css stuff */ ul.abn-tree li.abn-tree-row { padding: 0px; margin:0px; } ul.abn-tree li.abn-tree-row a { padding: 3px 10px; } ul.abn-tree i.indented { padding: 2px; } .abn-tree { cursor: pointer; } ul.nav.abn-tree .level-1 .indented { position: relative; left: 0px; } ul.nav.abn-tree .level-2 .indented { position: relative; left: 20px; } ul.nav.abn-tree .level-3 .indented { position: relative; left: 40px; } ul.nav.abn-tree .level-4 .indented { position: relative; left: 60px; } ul.nav.abn-tree .level-5 .indented { position: relative; left: 80px; } ul.nav.abn-tree .level-6 .indented { position: relative; left: 100px; } ul.nav.nav-list.abn-tree .level-7 .indented { position: relative; left: 120px; } ul.nav.nav-list.abn-tree .level-8 .indented { position: relative; left: 140px; } ul.nav.nav-list.abn-tree .level-9 .indented { position: relative; left: 160px; } Client code to publish to a real time analytic system, described in [https://bsergean.github.io/redis_conf_2019/slides.html#1](link). Leaders attending the United Nations General Assembly laughed at President Donald Trump on Tuesday during his speech. “In less than two years, my administration has accomplished more than almost any administration in the history of our country,” Trump said. As the audience began chuckling, Trump added, “So true. Didn’t expect that reaction, but that’s OK.” But they did not laugh after Trump delivered a strong speech vowing to stand up for American interests around the world. He repeated his vow to fight for America’s interests first, signaling his willingness to fight for fair and reciprocal trade and building up America’s military defense. “We reject the ideology of globalism and embrace the doctrine of patriotism,” Trump said.Incest stories With a gasp Julie cried, "THERE YOU ARE DADDY, NOW FUCK ME FOR ALL YOU'RE WORTH, AND SHOOT OFF UP IN MY CUNT WHEN YOU'VE MADE ME COME", and with a wriggle, she forced herself onto the first inch of prick without any help from me!“My gut feeling is it’s going to be a long time,” said Love, who played points on a makeshift beach court at 42nd Street and Broadway. “I’m hoping and praying it’s not. I want to be able to say I played 15 years, a full 15 years. But it’s looking like it’s going to be a long time. Hopefully it will be more than 50 games, and we won’t have to play back-to-back-to-back. I really hope it is all 82.” And he agrees with the rest of us — NBA.com looks ridiculous since the orders came down to remove the image of any current player from the site. “They took everything off,” Love told The Post. “I laughed, but it’s not funny. You take everyone off? You go on our website and it’s the dancers and Crutch our mascot. I think it’s cool for the charity events, but not using any of the players, it’s silly. Let’s get this thing resolved and play basketball. It’s disheartening to fans and to us. Let’s get it figured out.” Tom Benson, the now 90-year-old owner of the New Orleans Pelicans and the NFL’s Saints, a few years back changed around the succession of control of the team after his passing — his wife Gayle will take control. Rita Benson LeBlanc, Benson’s granddaughter and former handpicked successor, sued saying Benson had been manipulated. After meeting privately with Benson, a judge ruled that while Benson suffered some “cognitive impairment” he was capable of making his own decisions and that Gayle remained the successor. Benson has been sued multiple times since then, including by former Saints employee Rodney Henry, and the then-89-year-old Benson was deposed in that case last year. During another set of questions, apparently aimed at establishing how close Benson and Henry had been, Benson was shown a photo of the two men with Pelicans star Anthony Davis. “Who is this?” Williams asked. “It’s Rodney and a basketball player,” Benson said. “Oh, hell, I forget his name. Let me — he’s a great player for us. Tell me his name, and I will tell you yes or no.” When asked “is it Anthony Davis,” Benson said yes. The man is 90, I’m not sure that we should expect much. He had the foresight to bring in people to run his businesses — including his sports teams — and set up a line of succession for when he does pass. Smart moves. Would Benson’s mental state impact potential changes coming to the Pelicans? Probably not. New Orleans’ GM Dell Demps bet big on going big in a league trending smaller, pairing Davis and DeMarcus Cousins. If that doesn’t work out, plenty of people around the league expect a house cleaning on the basketball side with the Pelicans. Benson’s mental state, whatever it may be, does not impact that. The deposition leak came from an anonymous source (and anonymous email account, the paper verified the document before publishing). Who leaked it? It may be nearly impossible to find out, but only one side benefits from all this becoming
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located north of the Songua River. It is totally beautiful! Some of the exhibits from the festival are featured there in the winter. It is also filled with amazing architecture. You can see the Russian influence certainly. Sun-Island Zhongyang Pedestrian Street Harbin Zhongyand Pedestrian Street is located in the hub of the downtown area. There is amazing architecture, hundreds of stores and restaurants, and beautiful outdoor art. You can find special things here you can’t in other places in the world. Goods from France, Russia, Japan, Germany, India, and the USA are all sold. It is a must see! Travel Tips & Information ArticlesVally is your one-stop source for smart travelers who desire travel tips and information about fun and exciting destinations around the globe. Our team of experienced travelers brings you stunning photos and all the tips you need to cure your wanderlust and be a smart traveler. Stay up to date with exclusive insider tips, inspiration, essential hacks, and more.Q: Returning string from a dropDownlist control I have what is a very elementary problem I realize, I am trying to return a string value from a selected value of a DropDownList upon selected index change but for some or other reason it is not happening. protected void drpMinisters_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { name = drpMinisters.SelectedValue; LabMessage.Text = name; } When I try to add name to a database I get a NullReferenceException. protected void butSubmitMinister_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { int index = drpMinisters.SelectedIndex; if (index == 0) { LabMessage.Text = "Please select a minister"; return; } try { OleDbCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand(); cmd.CommandText = @"INSERT INTO MinisterTable(MinisterName)VALUES(" + name + "')"; cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); LabMessage.Text = "The record was successfully added"; conn.Close(); } catch (Exception ex) { LabMessage.Text = ex.ToString(); } } Advice perhaps. A: I assume that you get the NullRefernceException on your connection object conn on this line: OleDbCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand(); Remember that all objects (also your name variable) are disposed at the end of the current page-lifecycle. You can use the control's ViewState to maintain values across postbacks, f.e. the SelectedValue property of your DropDownList. You should also create the connection where you use it and always dispose it as soon as you're finished, best by using the using-statement. Otherwise other threads(requests) would need to create a new physical connection whenever this is still open: string sql = "INSERT INTO MinisterTable(MinisterName) VALUES(@MinisterName);"; using(var con = new OleDbConnection(connectionString)) using(var cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, con)) { cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@MinisterName", drpMinisters.SelectedValue); con.Open(); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } This blog will keep people updated with the real events that are happening in Tower Hamlets. It is called Horror Hamlets as a joke but good and bad comments are welcome. You can email me [email protected]. Saturday, October 24, 2015 Britain's best open space Even after what Tower Hamlets Council have done it can still win the award as Britain's best open space. Well done Victoria Park.Santo Árbol de la Cruz Santo Arbol de la Cruz was a fort constructed in 1585 by the Royal Governor of Chile Alonso de Sotomayor. It was located north of the entrance of the Guaqui River into the Bio Bio River near the modern rail station and village of Duiquín. In this site, the Jesuits established a residence, in the settlement of Postahue that was abandoned upon the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767. It resisted the attacks that destroyed most of the forts during the Mapuche general rebellion of 1599 and served as part of the device later created by Governor Alonso de Ribera to set the border on the Biobío River. Sources Francisco Solano Asta Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, SEGUNDA EDICIÓN CORREGIDA Y AUMENTADA, NUEVA YORK, D. APPLETON Y COMPAÑÍA. 1899. pg. 193 Cruz (Fuerte de la) pg. 571 Postahue. — Fundo Category:Fortifications in Chile Category:Populated places established in 1585 Category:Populated places in Bío Bío ProvinceThe first title to come out of the Vana’diel Project launched earlier this week in Japan. Final Fantasy Grandmasters is a mobile game set in the world of Vana’diel. Unfortuneatly the game is only out in Japan with no news of a western release however… that doesn’t mean that you can’t get your hands on it! I’ve spent a good amount of time playing with Grandmasters and I know that there are a lot of people out there interested in the future of Final Fantasy XI and Vana’diel so I decided to do a quick guide for those interested in checking the game out that have absolutely no knowledge of the Japanese language. You can check out a quick video highlighting some of the important aspects of the game for new players. The information is then repeated in written form below. Clicking the Tarutaru head in the main menu will bring you to a character screen. In this screen you can see the job traits you’ll unlock at each level, but more importantly, you can set up your equipment and even choose a set of glamour (visible) gear. The equipment screen may seem fairly straight forward at first glance but there are a couple things to consider. First it might be a good idea to hit the button in the top right, this should optimize your gear. Secondly, and slightly strategic are the weapons that you equip to the slots on the left side. These are for abilities. Each weapon in Grandmasters comes with an ability or spell attached to it. You’ll have your main weapon (bottom, outside of the line of ability weapons) and then four ability slots. To see an ability on a weapon, select the weapon and scroll to the last section of its information in the box at the top of the screen. I like to make sure that all of my abilities are different. The Shield/sword icon on the main menu will bring you face to face with a beloved Moogle. On this screen you can manage the items that you have. Most important here is the ability to upgrade your equipment by selecting an item and having it “consume” other items in your possession in order to level it up. If you’ve played Final Fantasy Record Keeper, it’s the exact same process. Also similar to Record Keeper is the ability to draw for special items. By clicking the treasure chest on the main menu you’ll be taken to the menu where you can swipe left and right for each job currently in the game, and then using the button on the left you can do a single draw for an item using 500 of your blue, crystal looking currency. This currency is obtained (usually 100 at a time) by doing quests. When you’re ready to start, click the airship icon on the main screen (use the first icon on the main menu to get there, the little house). From here you can select an area and it will show you a list of quests. If it has the speech bubble, that means it’s a cutscene. The other icons are for quests that will require you to kill a certain number of enemies in that area. Typically in each area you’ll do a number of “Kill X amount of mobs” quests, and then complete the area by killing a popular NM from that zone. Afterwards you’ll unlock a new area to move to. At the top of the map screen you’ll see a couple icons I’ve highlighted in red. These are for other types of quests. The far right button being for job quests. Did you know that Grandmasters is played alongside other players? I had no idea! While you’re out in the field you may see other players and some circles around the mobs. A red circle indicates that another person is already engaged with that enemy. It also means you can run into it and join them! By running into these red circled mobs, you’ll find enemies much easier to take down as you’ll be fighting alongside your fellow adventurers! If the circle is white however, that means that the fight already has the maximum number of adventurers and you won’t be able to partake in that battle. Because you can play with other players, Grandmasters has ways to communicate with them. The easiest for those of us who don’t know Japanese will
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187, 35, 1252, 14, 40, 9519, 708, 370, 24, 15, 17, 61, 2617, 17, 15, 22, 5, 708, 370, 24, 15, 21, 61, 2617, 17, 15, 22, 5, 708, 370, 23, 15, 24, 61, 2617, 17, 15, 23, 5, 708, 708, 370, 24, 15, 18, 61, 2617, 17, 15, 22, 1202, 187, 35, 18161, 14, 40, 21451, 708, 370, 21, 15, 19, 61, 2617, 17, 15, 23, 5, 708, 370, 22, 15, 21, 61, 2617, 17, 15, 22, 5 ]
$5.2\pm0.5$ & & $5.7\pm0.5$ & & $5.4\pm0.4$\ B134-G190 & $7.7\pm0.5$ & & $7.5\pm0.5$ & & $7.6\pm0.5$\ B135-G192 & $16.1\pm0.7$ & & $14.9\pm0.8$ & & $15.5\pm0.9$\ B138 & & $9.6\pm0.5$ & & & $9.6\pm0.7$\ B140-G196 & $4.5\pm0.5$ & & $4.4\pm0.5$ & & $4.5\pm0.4$\ B141-G197 & $8.1\pm0.4$ & & $7.4\pm0.6$ & & $7.8\pm0.5$\ B143-G198 & $12.5\pm0.4$ & & $11.9\pm0.6$ & & $12.2\pm0.7$\ B144 & & $9.1\pm0.4$ & & & $9.1\pm0.6$\ B145 & & $4.5\pm0.5$ & & & $4.5\pm0.5$\ B146 & & $8.1\pm0.4$ & & & $8.1\pm0.6$\ B147-G199 & & & & $9.8\pm1.6$ & $9.8\pm1.6$\ B148-G200 & $15.4\pm0.5$ & & & & $15.4\pm0.9$\ B149-G201 & $9.7\pm0.5$ & & & & $9.7\pm0.7$\ B150-G203 & $8.8\pm0.4$ & & $8.2\pm0.5$ & & $8.5\pm0.5$\ B151-G205 & $25.6\pm0.6$ & & $25.5\pm0.7$ & & $25.5\pm1.4$\ B152-G207 & $9.3\pm0.4$ & & $9.4\pm0.5$ & & $9.4\pm0.6$\ B153 & $13.6\pm0.5$ & & $14.3\pm0.6$ & & $13.9\pm0.8$\ B154-G208 & $7.0\pm0.4$ & & & & $7.0\pm0.5$\ B155-G210 & & $5.7\pm0.5$ & & & $5.7\pm0.6$\ B156-G211 & $6.9\pm0.5$ & & $6.6\pm0.5$ & & $6.8\pm0.5$\ B157-G212 & & $5.0\pm0.5$ & & & $5.0\pm0.6$\ B158-G213 & $22.9\pm0.5$ & & $24.1\pm0.7$ & & $23.3\pm1.2$\ B159 & $7.6\pm0.6$ & & $7.9\pm0.5$ & & $7.8\pm0.6$\ B160-G214 & & $6.3\pm1.3$ & & & $6.3\pm1.3$\ B161-G215 & $9.9\pm0.4$ & & $10.1\pm0.5$ & & $10.0\pm0.6$\ B162-G216 & $5.1\pm0.5$ & & $6.0\pm0.6$ & & $5.4\pm0.4$\ B163-G217 & $18.6\pm0.5$ & & $19.0\pm0.6$ & & $18.8\pm1.0$\ B164-V253 & & $5.4\pm0.4$ & & & $5.4\pm0.5$\ B165-G218 & & $7.8\pm0.5$ & & & $7.8\pm0.6$\ B167 & $7.1\pm0.4$ & & $7.1\pm0.5$ & & $7.1\pm0.5$\ B168 & $8.2\pm0.4$ & & $10.7\pm0.6$ & & $9.1\pm0.6$\ B169 & $6.6\pm0.4$ & & $7.8\pm0.5$ & & $7.1\pm0.5$\ B170-G221 & & $5.3\pm0.5$ & & & $5.3\pm0.5$\ B171-G222 & $15.5\pm0.5$ & & $15.7\pm0.6$ & & $15.6\pm0.9$\ B172-G223 & & & & $9.4\pm1.7$ & $9.4\pm1.7$\ B173-G224 & $4.6\pm0.6$ & & $4.7\pm0.5$ & & $4.7\pm0.4$\ B174-G226 & $14.4\pm0.5$ & & $14.8\pm0.6$ & & $14.6\pm0.8$\ B176-G227 & & $6.2\pm0.5$ & & & $6.2\pm0.6$\ B177-G228 & & $4.3\pm0.5$ & & & $4.3\pm0.5$\ B178-G229 & $16.3\pm0.5$ & & $16.3\pm0.6$ & & $16.3\pm0.9$\ B179-G230 & $12.7\pm0.5$ & & $12.0\pm0.6$ & & $12.4\pm0.7$\ B180-G231 & $9.7\pm0.4$ & & $9.8\pm0.6$ & & $9.7\pm0.6$\ B181-G232 & $6.8\pm0.4$ & & $6.8\pm0.5$ & & $6.8\pm0.5$\ B182-G233 & $17.7\pm0.5$ & $18.7\pm0.5$ & $19.1\pm0.6$ & & $18.4\pm1.0$\ B183-G234 & $9.6\pm0.4$ & $9.3\pm0.4$ & $9.5\pm0.5$ & & $9.5\pm0.5$\ B185-G235 & & & & $13.6\pm1.6$ & $13.6\pm1.6$\ B187-G237 & & & & $6.2\pm1.6$ & $6.2\pm1.6$\ B188-G239 & & & & $4.8\pm1.8$ & $4.8\pm1.8$\ B190-G241 & $7.8\pm0.4$ & & $7.0\pm0.5$ & & $7.4\pm0.5$\ B193-G244 & $16.1\pm0.5$ & & $16.5\pm0.7$ & & $16.2\pm0.9$\ B194-G243 & $7.1\pm0.5$ & $6.8\pm0.5$ & $6.8\pm0.9$ & & $6.9\pm0.5$\ B196-G246 & & $4.8\pm0.6$ & & & $4.8\pm0.6$\ B199-G248 & $4.5\pm0.7$ & $4.3\pm0.5$ & $6.0\pm1.1$ & & $4.5\pm0.4$\ B201-G250 & $7.0\pm0.5$ & $7.4\pm0.5$ & $6.7\pm0.6$ & & $7.1\pm0.5$\ B202-G251 & $4.2\pm0.6$ & $5.4\pm0.5$
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." He even bought a matching coat and shoes. "I just slipped it on." Her frankly feminine style is an evolution from her childhood days spent in pants and tennis shoes. "I grew up in a very male-dominated home with three brothers and a dad who was a real outdoorsman," she said. It was only while attending law school that she became more clothes-conscious. Then came the '90s, "when I was pregnant with one child or another," she said. "I wasn't particularly stylish then." Her election to the Minnesota State Senate compelled the 5-foot-1 Bachmann to "take a little more care with how I looked." But don't mistake her for a clotheshorse. "I have a very lean wardrobe," she said. "I get hand-me-downs from my mother, who also does a lot of garage-saling. On occasion, I'll go to Nordstrom's Petites and get something for full price, but only if I think I'll get four or five years' wear out of it."Q: PHP Object Can't Call Function Inside If Statements please point out the obvious as I just started learning about OOP in PHP. My class books contains two public functions: one to display a request books form, and the other to submit the book details to my database. I use two if statements to call these functions when the user clicks the request book or submit form buttons. Here is my class: class Book { public $title; public $author; public $id; public function SendToDatabase() { echo "inside SendToDatabase"; } public function Display() { echo "<form action='' method='post'> Title: <input type='text' name='title'><br> Author: <input type='text' name='author'><br> <input type='submit' name='submitBook' value='submit'> </form>"; } } And here is my code to call the functions using buttons (in the same file). As is, the SendToDatabase() function is never called. I am able to get it working when I combine the if statements, but then the buttons would not work properly. I am a little confused because I thought the scope of the object is the same across if statements. I would really appreciate anyone pointing out my mistake. Cheers. echo "<form action='' method='post'><input type='submit' name='submit' value='Request Book'></form>"; $request = $_POST['submit']; $submit = $_POST['submitBook']; if ($request) { $book = new Book(); $book->Display(); } if ($submit) { $book->SendToDatabase(); } A: You need to define what $book is in both cases, so get the assignment out of the first if block: $book = new Book(); if ($request) $book->Display(); if ($submit) $book->SendToDatabase(); Tensions are running high in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, which has been under total lockdown since the coronavirus epidemic emerged there more than a month ago, with local residents complaining of food shortages and rising prices. While health officials reported 38 new deaths from COVID-19 on Wednesday, there was a fall in newly confirmed cases for the third day running in mainland China. A total of 2,981 have died in mainland China, with more than 80,200 people infected in total, the National Health Commission said, citing 115 new cases in Hubei province, of which Wuhan is the capital, and only four elsewhere in the country. In a video that went viral on social media on Tuesday, urban management officials, or chengguan, were seen beating up a man later identified as the employee of a supermarket in Wuhan's Jianghan district. The officers, who are tasked with maintaining a pleasant and litter-free urban environment, but who have a reputation for brutality against some of China's most vulnerable people, beat Li Feng after he set baskets of newly delivered vegetables outside the door to save space. "It's not easy for local residents to buy groceries," Li told local media. "Our store has limited floor space, and there is also very high demand." "We had placed several baskets of vegetables at the door ... but they said we weren't allowed to put it outside because it spoiled the appearance of the neighborhood," Li said. Li was surrounded by around 10 people and beaten after the chengguan called for backup, he said, adding that he had put his hand out to try to stop one of them from taking a photo of him. Public anger at beating The social media reaction to the video was largely angry, with some comments accusing the chengguan of abuse of power, and others suggesting they may have been trying to take the vegetables for their own use or profit. "It was a very brutal attack by law enforcement, and hard to watch," Bruce Lui, a journalism professor at Hong Kong's Baptist University, told RFA. "This kind of violence will only be exacerbated given the kinds of pressures that people in Wuhan are under right now." "People can't speak out because of tight security, but I'm guessing there'll be a very strong backlash [against the ruling Chinese Communist Party] in future," Lui said. "Official cover-ups meant that the epidemic was allowed to spread ... there is no cure, and many people are just waiting to die." "A lot of this is down to official inaction, and people will figure out the reason," he said. Wuhan last month implemented a system of internal passes and permits which strictly limit how far people living in gated residential communities can travel to shop. Residents resorted to online deliveries and group-buying programs, but some have complained that group-buying is an even more expensive way to shop than going to the local store. Hong Kong residents flown home Meanwhile, authorities in Hong Kong on Wednesday chartered two planes to bring home more than 200 of the city's residents who had been stranded in Hubei and Wuhan. The city's mainland affairs secretary Patrick Nip said 244 Hongkongers arrived back in their home city on two chartered flights on Wednesday, although three were denied permission to board because they were running a fever. He said 200 passengers were evacuated from Wuhan, while the other 44 had been in other locations in Hubei. They included pregnant women, students with exams coming up, and people with urgent medical needs. Two more flights are scheduled to bring home more Hongkongers on Thursday, as an estimated 3,800 Hong Kong residents remain in 37 towns and cities across Hubei, Nip said. "We're back in Hong Kong!" exclaimed one passenger as the Cathay Pacific plane docked at Hong Kong's International Airport. A passenger surnamed Yip said she was enormously relieved to be back after being stuck in Wuhan for more than 40 days. "I arrived in Wuhan on Jan. 17, so I'm pretty happy to be back," Yip said. Hong Kong's Hospital Authority said it would convert some general wards in government hospitals into isolation rooms, freeing up to 500 additional beds for coronavirus patients. But it said that only around 30 percent of its 1,200 isolation beds are currently occupied. Many residents have been wearing masks, washing hands, and keeping social distance for weeks. According to Ho Pak Leung, clinical associate professor at the Department of Microbiology of the University of Hong Kong medical school, there has been a dramatic fall in all forms of respiratory infections in the city during February, which he attributed to the wearing of masks in public places. Some 99 percent of Hongkongers are believed to have worn masks outside last month in spite of government claims that it was unnecessary to do so. Reported by Gao Feng, Man Hoi-tsan, Tseng Yat-yiu, Lu Xi and Lau Siu-fung for RFA's Mandarin and Cantonese Services. Translated and edited by Luisetta Mudie.Molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in a Bahrain hospital. To investigate antibacterial resistance patterns and genetic relatedness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) obtained at the Salmaniya Medical Complex in Bahrain. A total of 53 consecutive MRSA isolates obtained from 53 patients were studied using antibacterial resistance patterns, coagulase gene polymorphism, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). There was a high prevalence of resistance to fusidic acid (92.5%), ciprofloxacin (92.5%), erythromycin (90.6%), tetracycline (88.7%), trimethoprim (88.7%), streptomycin (88.7%), kanamycin (83.0%) and gentamicin (73.6%). Coagulase gene typing divided the isolates into five coagulase types comprising coagulase type 36 (86.7%), type 20 (3.8%), type 16 (3.8%), type 38 (1.9%) and type 384 (3.8%). They belonged to SCCmec type III (86.7%) and SCCmec type IV (13.3%). PFGE identified five pulsotypes (types A-E) with
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Besides the coordinate input device, the countermeasures for the various electronic equipments which are affected by change in temperature are classified as follows: (1) The change in the characteristic of the electronic device such as the sensor by the change of temperature rises a problem: The temperature is measured and the resulting data is corrected in accordance with the measured temperature. When a high precision is required, a temperature control mechanism for controlling the temperature of the electronic device at a constant level is provided. (2) The change in temperature of the characteristic of the electronic circuit, particular the semiconductor device rises a problem: A feedback loop is provided in the circuit to conduct the feedback control to produce a constant output. Alternatively, a reverse temperature characteristic of a temperature compensating passive element (typically a temperature compensating ceramic capacitor) is utilized to cancel the change in the characteristic of the semiconductor device by the change in temperature. The former is usually used to stabilize a gain of the amplifier or an oscillation frequency of an oscillator, and the latter is usually used for the same purpose but with a lower precision. However, the prior art methods involve the following disadvantages: 1) In the construction of proposal .alpha.), it is necessary for the user of the device to frequently indicate the input point, which is troublesome. Further, since the input point is manually pointed by the user, the precision of calculating the coordinate is lowered. 2) In the construction of proposal .beta.), one or more additional sensor is always required, which leads to the increase of the cost. Further, since the arrival timing used in calculating the variation of the time offset includes an error by the circuit, the calculated variation in the time offset also includes an error and the calculation precision of the coordinate is lowered as it is in .alpha.). Further, the prior art temperature compensation methods in other equipments include the following disadvantages: a) In order to compensate the characteristic of the electronic device such as the sensor, a large scale arithmetic operation unit for measuring the temperature by a temperature sensor and processing it for compensation or a large scale temperature control system to keep the temperature constant is required. In any case, the apparatus is of large scale and expensive. b) The prior art temperature compensation circuit is used to keep the circuit gain or the frequency constant or linearly change it with the temperature change, and it cannot compensate the phase of the signal or the detection timing of the signal. The temperature compensating ceramic capacitor has a performance variation of .+-.5% even for a high precision type, and if the compensation circuit is constructed without selection of the capacitors to attain low cost, it is a factor of characteristic variation and since a temperature coefficient is several hundreds ppm/.degree. C. at maximum, the range of temperature compensation is limited.The price of graphics cards has soared through the roof recently as eager cryptocurrency enthusiasts buy them up in order to run mining programs, but if you have managed to snag a powerful GPU, you have a new option for getting video games. Games from Space promises to provide users with many big-name titles for free, provided they’re willing to loan their GPU’s power. “With a simple software we use the performance of graphics cards for complex computing tasks and pay the temporary loan of graphical processing power with pre-selected games,” Games from Space said in a press release. “The user is not restricted in the daily use of his computer. Even while working on the computer, streaming, or watching YouTube, the graphics card can run separately.” Should you need your computer’s GPU for something else during this time, the program will automatically halt, so you shouldn’t see any decreased performance. The time in which it takes you to earn a free game will depend on the GPU you have installed in your machine, but with a $500 nVidia GeForce 1070, you can expect to earn Rocket League in around nine days of processing time, with Fallout 4 taking about 11 days. Other games available through the program include Life is Strange, Batman: Arkham Knight, and Minecraft. You can even earn a month of World of Warcraft time by loaning out your GPU, though it will take nearly two weeks to do so. The energy needed to have your GPU running for hours at a time will likely cause your electricity bill to soar through the roof, and it could stress your system more quickly than if you were using it normally. We wrote last month about similar marketplace called Robot Cache, which offers blockchain-based tokens but operates a little differently. Through the service, you can choose to mine for cryptocurrency and purchase games from the marketplace, but it also allows for the reselling of digital games. These sales give developers and publishers a cut of the earnings, with a much smaller fee than Steam charges with every sale. Whether or not the two services can succeed — and offer true value to players — remains to be seen. Editors' RecommendationsThe International Monetary Fund on Thursday allowed Greece to bundle its four debt payments due this month into a single payment now due on June 30. A first installment of €300 million was due on Friday. ADVERTISING Talks that began on June 3 in Brussels between Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, European Commission chief Jean-Claude Juncker, Eurogroup chief Jeroen Dijsselbloem and other lenders wrapped up after midnight with all parties recognising progress was slow, and pledging to reconvene within days. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Union (EU), and European Central Bank are pushing Greece to implement budget reforms before releasing 7.2 billion euros ($8.2 billion) in bailout funds that are critical to helping the country avoid default. Debt-stricken Greece is facing 1.6 billion euros ($2.1 billion) in repayments to the IMF this month, raising fears it is headed for bankruptcy and a possible EU exit. A first instalment of 300 million euros ($390 million) was due on Friday, before the IMF agreed to bundle them with three others previously scheduled for June 12, 16 and 19. While the move brought the negotiating parties a measure of relief, it does not guarantee that a final agreement will be finalised. Earlier, Dijsselbloem declared differences were “still quite large” as he emerged from the meeting in Brussels, warning that Athens risked sinking talks if it refused to budge on reforms. On the other hand, Greek authorities say they are unwilling to impose further belt-tightening in a country that has already been heavily punished by austerity measures in recent years. “What we are hearing here is that there are demands to cut the lowest pensions and increase electricity prices,” said Nathalie Savaricas, FRANCE 24’s correspondent in Athens. “Tsipras has said this cannot happen in a country where austerity has essentially wiped out a quarter of its GDP and hugely increased poverty levels.” “All the headlines this morning said that [creditors] are demanding blood money, or a blood tax,” Savaricas added. There were nevertheless some signs of progress from the meeting, including agreements on Greece achieving low primary budget surpluses in the next two years. Dijsselbloem said lenders now expected Athens to quickly present alternatives to their proposals. Threat of Syriza ‘rupture’ The failure to find an accord in Brussels threatens to deepen Greece’s economic woes, but botched negotiations could also spark a new political crisis in the small European nation, with senior members of the ruling Syriza party saying they refuse certain measures put on the table by creditors. “If the government accepted this proposal, it would have been a disorderly retreat and an agreement to our submission,” Social Security Minister Dimitris Stratoulis told Parliament on Thursday. Lawmakers from Syriza, the radical left party that won a historic vote in January, have threatened to call an early general election or a referendum if PM Tsipras is forced to accept a deal that crosses its “red lines”. “The more left faction of the party says that if the government is presented with an agreement that is not acceptable, that goes contrary to the very essence of Syriza, then general elections are the only option,” FRANCE 24’s Savaricas said, adding that Tsipras appeared to be increasingly caught between “saving Greece with some agreement” and “rupture between his party”. Meanwhile, European officials told reporters that a new meeting between Tsipras and creditors could take place as early as Friday. The AFP news agency cited two unnamed EU sources as saying that a next round of negotiations was “likely” on Friday, but that they would also be long and arduous.As we start to move around to the other corner of the board, here we're able to see our 8-Pin power connector and next to that we've got another two headers. Moving back a little, we can see our CPU socket area and a couple of smaller heatsinks that are present on the motherboard. We've got a fairly clean area and we had no problems installing our Corsair H70 unit. We can also see just above the PCI-E 16x slot we have our BIOS battery. Before leaving, we can have a quick look at the I/O side of things. Starting from the left, we've got two USB 2.0 ports and a PS/2 keyboard port. Moving across, we've got a VGA, DVI-D, DisplayPort and HDMI for people wanting to make use of the onboard video that's offered by the Z68 platform. Continuing to move on, we've got two more USB 2.0 ports, eSATA2, Gigabit networking provided by the Realtek RT
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with $\Delta \leq 0$ we establish one useful fact. 5.23. **Lemma.** *We have* $q+s\leq (k+1)(p+r).$ *Proof*. Suppose the reverse inequality and $\frac{s}{r}<\frac{q}{p}.$ We put $$q=(k+1)p+q_{2},\;\;\;s=(k+1)r-s_{2},\;\;\;q_{2}>s_{2}\geq 0.$$Here $r>1$ as $\frac{s}{r}\notin \mathbb{Z}.$ We get $$\Delta =(r-1)(q_{2}-1)+(p+1)(s_{2}-1)-(p^{\prime }-1)-(r^{\prime }-1).$$If $s_{2}\geq 2,$ then $q_{2}\geq 3$ and $\Delta >0;$ so $s_{2}=1.$ Thus $% r^{\prime }=1$ and $\Delta =(r-1)(q_{2}-1)-(p^{\prime }-1)\leq 0$ iff $r=2$ and $q_{2}=p^{\prime },$ i.e. $q=(k+1)p+p^{\prime },$ $r=2,$ $s=2k+1,$ and the case is strict. By the strictness we should have $n\nu =\mu _{\min }+n^{\prime }\nu ^{\prime }$ and either $m=ln+n^{\prime },$ $\nu ^{\prime }=0$ or $m=ln.$ But in the first case $\mu \leq m(n-1)-\frac{n}{2}\leq (q+s-1)(p+r-1)-\frac{1}{2}(p+r)$ and $\Delta >0.$ In the second case it should be $m=(k+1)n$ (as $q+s=(k+1)(p+r)+(p^{\prime }-1)<(k+2)(p+r)$ and the cases $l\leq k$ are destroyed via the changes $% y\rightarrow y+$$\cdot x^{l}).$ For $l=k+1$ we also apply the change $y\rightarrow y+$$\cdot x^{k+1}.$ After this the data $% p,r,q,n$ remain unchanged, but $s\rightarrow (k+1)r=2(k+1).$ Altogether the exponent $m$ changes to $\tilde{m}\leq q+s=m+(p^{\prime }-1)<(k+2)n.$ Hence $% n$ does not divide $\tilde{m}$ and the previous arguments show that $\Delta >0.$ $\qed$ Having the inequality from Lemma 5.23 we proceed further. Instead of the bound $\mu \leq n\nu $ we use $\mu \leq \mu _{\min }+n^{\prime }\nu ^{\prime },$ where $$\nu ^{\prime }\leq \deg Q-k+[(m-1)/n]\leq q+s-m$$for $\psi =(t-1)^{m}Q(t)t^{-s}$ (by Proposition 2.52). Instead of (5.22) we get $$\Delta \geq (n-n^{\prime }-1)(q+s-m)-(n^{\prime }-1)+\mathcal{D}. \tag{5.24}$$ Supposition $n|m$ leads to $(k+1)(p+r)\leq m\leq q+s$ (since the cases $% \frac{m}{n}\leq k$ can be destroyed) but we assumed that $m<q+s.$ Thus $% n\geq 2n^{\prime }$ and (5.24) gives $$\Delta \geq (n^{\prime }-1)(q+s-m-1)+(n-2n^{\prime })+\mathcal{D}.$$Therefore the case is strict, $\mathcal{D}=0,$ $n=2n^{\prime }$ and either $% n^{\prime }=1,$ or $m=q+s-1.$ But $n^{\prime }=1$ implies $p=r=1$ and $\frac{% q}{p},\frac{s}{r}\in \mathbb{Z}$, in contradiction with (2.35). Let $$m=q+s-1.$$The condition $\mathcal{D}=0$ implies that either $p^{\prime }=1$ or $% r^{\prime }=1;$ assume $r^{\prime }=1.$ Then $\left\vert ps-rq\right\vert =p^{\prime }.$ Since $n^{\prime }=\frac{1}{2}(p+r)$ and $m=ln^{\prime },$ we have $q+s=l% \frac{p+r}{2}+1.$ Because $k(p+r)+1<q+s\leq (k+1)(p+r),$ we get $l=2k+1.$ So $$p+r=2n^{\prime },\;\;\;q+s=(2k+1)n^{\prime }+1.$$Since $ps-rq=p(q+s)-q(p+r),$ we find $$ps-rq=n^{\prime }\left[ (2k+1)p-2q\right] +p; \tag{5.25}$$it equals $\pm p^{\prime }.$ We distinguish three subcases:$$\text{(}i\text{) }q>(k+1)p;\;\;\;(\text{ii})\text{ }q=(k+1)p;\;\;\;(\text{iii% })\text{ }q<(k+1)p.$$In the case (i$)$ we get $\left\vert ps-rq\right\vert >n^{\prime }p-p\geq p^{\prime }$ (as $n^{\prime }\geq 2).$ In the case (ii$)$ we have $p=p^{\prime }$ and $p=\left\vert ps-rq\right\vert =(n^{\prime }-1)p.$ Thus $n^{\prime }=2$, i.e. $p+r=4,$ and there are two types of curves:$$\varphi =(t-1)^{4}t^{-3},\;\;\;\psi =(t-1)^{4k+2}(t+\beta )t^{-3k-2}, \tag{5.26}$$$$\varphi =(t-1)^{4}t^{-2},\;\;\;\psi =(t-1)^{4k+2}(t+\beta )t^{-2k-1}. \tag{5.27}$$ 5.28. **Lemma.** *In (5.26) we have* $\beta =1$* (after the change* $t\rightarrow 1/t$* it is a subcase of the series (o) from Main Theorem) and the curve (5.27) always has a self-intersection.* *Proof*. Apply $C_{1}^{(1)}=0.$ $\qed$ Assume the case (iii$),$ i.e. $q<(k+1)p.$ It is impossible that $(2k+1)p=2q,$ because then (5.25) implies $\left\vert ps-rq\right\vert =p>p^{\prime }.$ By the same reason $2q$ cannot be smaller than $(2k+1)p.$ Therefore $% 2q-(2k+1)p\geq p^{\prime }$ and hence $$\left\vert ps-rq\right\vert \geq |n^{\prime }p^{\prime }-p|=\left\vert p\left( \frac{p^{\prime }}{2}-1\right) +\frac{r}{2}p^{\prime }\right\vert . \tag{5.29}$$Since $\left\vert ps-rq\right\vert =p^{\prime },$ then either $$\text{(}\alpha \text{) }p^{\prime }=1,\;\;\;\;\text{ or (}\beta \text{) }% p^{\prime }=2.$$ ($\alpha $) If $p^{\prime }=1,$ then $1\geq \frac{\left\vert r-p\right\vert }{2}.$ We can then assume $p=r-2$ (the supposition $p=r$ leads to $p^{\prime }=p=r=1).$ Moreover, it should be $2q-(2k+1)p=p^{\prime }=1.$ Thus $p=2d-1$ is odd, $r=2d+1$, $q=\frac{1}{2}\left[ (2k+1)p-1\right] =k(2d-1)+d$ and $% s=k(2d+1)+k+1.$ The eventual curve is of the form$$\varphi =(t-1)^{4d}t^{-2d-1},\;\;\;\psi =(t-1)^{2d(2k+1)}(t+\beta )t^{-k(2d+1)-k-1}.$$ 5.30. **Lemma.** *We have* $\beta =1$*, i.e. item (o) of Main Theorem (after the
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for high volume manufacturing into multimillion production quantities. The LTCC circuit medium allows reduced development cycles and thus short time-to-market. It is capable of complexities up to systems in a package and has been demonstrated to be competitive in terms of excellent high frequency performance, high power handling, innovative compact 3D structures like baluns, couplers etc. and thus miniaturization. Advanced LTCC issues include the use of mixed dielectric constants, low loss materials, photo patterned conductors, high density buried or passive circuit elements and the reach-out towards applications at 40 GHz and beyond. The workshop will bring together contributors from LTCC design and manufacturing groups worldwide. It will focus on the still unsolved 3D multilayer design issues in close relation to volume manufacturing issues and the trends towards innovative materials, high resolution patterning, buried non-ideal ground planes, higher frequencies and improved thermal management. WSH: Web-based RF and Microwave Education Recent developments in information technology, in general, and Internet technology in particular are changing the functionality of our society, and are likely to change current education and continuing-education enterprise in profound ways. Today, the courses offered at various universities are often supplemented by a supporting Web site and continuing education is becoming increasingly Web-based. RF and microwave education and continuing education need to take advantage of these technological advances in order to (i) attract more students to RF and microwave areas, and (ii) to help young MTT-S members in their early career development through conveniently delivered continuing education. Recognizing the urgency of this need, MTT Society has sponsored development of multimedia educational tools at two US universities, and is planning a special issue and an electronically published supplement of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques dedicated to "RF and Microwave Tutorials" in 2002. These are the first steps by MTT Society in making Web-based RF and microwave tutorials available to MTT-S members. The goal of this workshop is to discuss what is available today in Web-based and Web-assisted RF and microwave education, what needs to be done, and how could educators in RF and microwave area could make use of Web technology for benefiting MTT-S membership. Participants are encouraged to bring a couple of viewgraphs to express their viewpoints and share their thoughts. The MEMS area is quickly developing and new devices such as low loss phase shifters, high Q varactors, tunable filters, re-configurable antennas and low phase noise oscillators are being developed using this technology. The purpose of this workshop is to give the audience an overview of the latest results obtained in US and international laboratories and to emphasize the new research/development directions (packaging, reliability, power handling issues, Brownian noise, acceleration noise, etc.) needed for the success of this field. The full day workshop will cover a wide range of areas, such as MEMS phase shifters, MEMS tunable filters, MEMS packaging techniques using MEMS switches and varactors. Also, the effect of Brownian, acceleration, and microphonic noise on MEMS circuits will be considered in this workshop. The workshop will conclude with a discussion on the reliability and failure modes of MEMS-based devices. WSJ: Ferrite Devices and Materials for Millimeter-wave Applications Improved phase shifters and nonreciprocal devices are required to support the increasing utilization of the mm-wave spectrum for commercial and defense applications. Existing defense applications, e.g. missile seekers, are typically narrow band and improvements are aimed at reduced cost, size and insertion loss. However, future high data rate (SATCOM and short-range) communications applications and army radars will require increased bandwidth and improved producibility. The properties, characterization and fabrication of mm-wave ferrite materials for mm-wave device applications will be reviewed. The development and applications of high power control components for wideband radar and satellite communications will be described. Compact mm-wave ferrite devices will require significant improvements in performance and integration into low cost RF packaging and planar phase shifter configurations suitable for LTCC fabrication will be discussed. Alternatives to ferrite devices are also under development and cooled semiconductors are candidates for some very high frequency non-reciprocal device applications. Ferroelectric materials and MEMS are also candidates for mm-wave phase shifters and their performance will be compared with the equivalent ferrite devices. Commercial and defense systems requirements for ferrite control components, the current state of the art, potential for future device and materials developments and comparisons with non-ferrite approaches will be reviewed in detail. Monday, May 21, 2001 8:00 am­12:00 pm WMF: High Density/Multilayer RF Interconnects There is a growing need to reduce the size and cost of RFICs and highly integrated RF systems on a chip for smaller consumer products and to enable their insertion into microwave and millimeter-wave phased array antennas. To satisfy this goal, circuits and packages are now incorporating multiple layers of wiring. Furthermore, more functions than simple routing are being performed in these multilayer circuits through the incorporation of embedded passive elements and multiple interconnects between layers. This workshop will present the challenges, state of the art, and possibilities of multilayer circuits. Presentations will describe multilayer circuits fabricated with micromachined Si wafers, thin film technologies, and thick film technologies. WMG: High Performance and Emerging Filter Technologies for Wireless Wireless applications are growing at a tremendous rate and high-performance filters are an integral part of wireless communication systems. Evolution of existing filter technologies and new emerging filter technologies fundamentally influence system implementation. New third-generation wireless requirements are even more demanding than those in existing networks, in part because of the high data rates required for many envisioned applications, such as Internet access. This workshop begins by overviewing present and future filter requirements for wireless systems. Recent evolution of traditional filter technologies will be summarized, including dielectric, cavity, ceramic, waveguide, and SAW filters. New emerging filter technologies will be introduced and described, including microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), ferroelectric, micromachined (thin) film bulk-acoustic resonator (FBAR), and high temperature superconductive (HTS) filter technologies. Some aspects of the workshop will be tutorial. The goal is to provide an interactive forum in which the attendees gain a comprehensive understanding of the various filter technologies. At the conclusion of the workshop, a technology matrix will be presented to compare capabilities of the various technologies. A particular emphasis will be placed on changes to this matrix that have effectively occurred in the past three years. The matrix will include, for example, a comparison of SAW, ceramic, and FBAR technologies for wireless handset/mobile applications. The workshop will then close with an interactive discussion of the filter technology matrix 8:00 am­5:00 pm WMA: Linearization for 3G Systems 3G systems are essential to provide more access to wireless communication with higher data rates. High data rates with Internet access are the objectives of these 3G systems. Modulation formats are needed with greater bandwidth efficiency and high data rates are required without losing phone capacity or features. W-CDMA as well as EDGE for GSM systems are being developed to meet these challenges. With these 3G systems, more demands are being made on the linearity of systems to meet the specifications. This workshop will first focus on the wideband CDMA and EDGE systems describing their operation and linearity requirements. Next the various linearization techniques will be described and compared. These include predistortion, feedback, and feed forward including DSP adaptive techniques. Other linearization issues will be discussed. Finally speakers will address the latest linearization methods for 3G systems showing implementation as well as results. WMB: Statistical Design and Modeling Techniques for Microwave CAD There have been extraordinary advances in EM-based modeling capabilities, mixed linear/nonlinear field/circuit simulation, applications of wavelets, and space mapping and knowledge based artificial neural network (ANN) technology for enhanced empirical modeling and CAD. These technologies address increased complexity of VLSI, RF and microwave circuits to fulfill the industrial demand for faster design cycle and reducing time to market for electronic products. Competition within the fast growing EDA market must lead to incorporation of these technologies in future releases of commercial software. An objective of this workshop is a tutorial review of the state-of-the-art and discussion of implementable methodologies, strategies and software. It will be substantially physically and electromagnetically oriented. It will also highlight advances in ANNs as an unconventional alternative to modeling and design tasks in RF and microwave CAD. ANN computation is very fast and ANNs can learn and generalize from data allowing model development even when component formulas are unavailable. Initiatives in integration of ANN capabilities into circuit optimization, statistical design, global modeling, and computational electromagnetics are being made. With the increase in geometrical and physical complexity of RF, microwave and high-speed digital circuits, techniques to improve the yield and reduce the design cycles continue to grow in importance. An objective of this workshop is to present the theory and application of statistical design tools applicable to RF/microwave circuit design, manufacturing and experimental research. By considering component tolerances in terms of a statistical distribution around the nominal value instead of a range, we can apply Monte Carlo methods and other optimization techniques over a large sample space. Thus, we can study the influence of random variations of significant factors and their interactions upon the circuit performance. Monte Carlo and space-domain statistical optimization techniques for yield maximization will be discussed. We will consider characterization of random measurement errors, parametric effects and their interactions on the outcome of an experiment. A statistical design tool called Design of Experiments (DOE) provides a powerful methodology to systematically characterize the influence of main effects and their interactions. We will briefly
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’s blissful, so what? Big deal. Is it nice? Yes. Does my foot hurt when I bang it? Yes. Well, so what? Obviously there are deeper methods, but this is an initial one that actually works. Question: You explained a lot about the interconnectivity of all beings. What does it mean? Does it mean that all our individual mind-streams are interconnected? And what do highly developed beings experience? I mean, do they experience some sort of connection to the universal stream of mind? I ask because I am living near a railway station, and in my everyday life I see people who are sick, who are poor, who have a great deal of suffering; and my question is, what shall I actually feel toward them, in terms of this interconnection? So what does the term “interconnectivity” actually mean? Alex: There are many different levels of our interconnection with everyone. Buddhism certainly doesn’t say that we are all connected by a little pipe of light, or something like that. Not in that way. Buddhism doesn’t assert some universal stream of mind or universal consciousness that we’re all part of. But if we look at what Buddhism itself says, Buddhism thinks in terms of rebirth, with no beginning. So if there’s a finite number of beings and an infinite time (no beginning), then at some time every being has been my mother, or my father, or my best friend. So of course that way of thinking requires a confident belief in no beginning and in rebirth. So for many of us who have not grown up in a society in which everybody believes in rebirth, then that type of argument is not terrible convincing. So there’s another type of interconnection that’s explained. It is that everything that we make use of and enjoy has come from the work of others. So in this building, everything – where did this electricity come from? The people who made the glass bulbs, the people who got the chemicals, who got it from the earth, who made the wires, who made the roads, who made the power lines, who… If you start to think about the amount of beings that are involved in making absolutely everything that we use, and everything that we eat, and everything that we wear, we start to see how we are interconnected and dependent on everybody. And the poor people, and so on, that you mentioned were suffering by the railway station. Well, the whole economy is interconnected. If the government is giving them any sort of financial help – maybe they’re not, but if they are – or people are somehow helping them, well, where does that money come from? And that affects the whole economy. It affects the whole society. We’re all interconnected in that way. And people in some other part of the world are polluting terribly, or they are using so much energy, and so on. Well, that affects us as well. We don’t live in isolation. That pollution is going to come to us. Environmental disaster is a disaster for everybody. And people in some other part of the world – in America there’s some economic crisis that went on with the banks, and so on, and as a result Russia’s not selling as much oil as before, or the price has gone down. That affects the economy and the welfare of everybody in the country. So everything is interconnected in that way. It’s meant on this level, not on some mystical level; and you don’t have to bring in past lives and “everybody’s been my mother” in order to understand this.fy ((u/(u/(u/((u*u**3)/u))))**(1/7))**(-5/17) assuming u is positive. u**(10/119) Simplify (p/(p/p**(13/3)*p))**(-50) assuming p is positive. p**(-500/3) Simplify (y/y**(-5)*y*y*y)**16 assuming y is positive. y**144 Simplify (r*r*r**(-1))**(-3/2)/((r**(-2)/r)/r**6) assuming r is positive. r**(15/2) Simplify (r/(r/(r*r*(r/r**(4/3))/r*r)))/r**(-1) assuming r is positive. r**(8/3) Simplify n**(7/4)*n/(n/((n**22/n)/n)) assuming n is positive. n**(87/4) Simplify (g*g*(g*(((g*g*g/(g*g/(g*g/g**(1/54))*g))/g)/g)/g)/g)**(2/59) assuming g is positive. g**(53/1593) Simplify (v**(-2))**(-42)*v**2*v**(-3/7)*v assuming v is positive. v**(606/7) Simplify (m*m**1/m*m*m*m*m*m**(-6)/m*m*m)**32 assuming m is positive. 1 Simplify (b*b**(-4)*b**(3/7)*b)**(-21/2) assuming b is positive. b**(33/2) Simplify (m**(10/9))**47 assuming m is positive. m**(470/9) Simplify (u*u**(-1/19))**(-1/15) assuming u is positive. u**(-6/95) Simplify (f**0)**(-5/2)/(f**(-5)*f**(-3)*f*f) assuming f is positive. f**6 Simplify c**(2/7)/(c**20/c) assuming c is positive. c**(-131/7) Simplify j/(j*j*j**(-3/8))*j/(j/(j*j*j/(j*(j*j**(1/23)*j)/j))) assuming j is positive. j**(61/184) Simplify b**0*b/b**(-18) assuming b is positive. b**19 Simplify (u**6/(u/((u*u*u**(-3/7)*u)/u)))/((u*u**(6/7))/((u**(-1)*u)/u)) assuming u is positive. u**(26/7) Simplify (d**7*d*d/(d/(d*d**(-1)/d*d)))**(23/5) assuming d is positive. d**(184/5) Simplify (z**(-8/5)/z)/z*z*z/z**(1/4)*z assuming z is positive. z**(-17/20) Simplify (((d/(d/((d/d**(2/15))/d)))/d)/(d**(-1)/d))**(-40) assuming d is positive. d**(-104/3) Simplify u**(3/11)*u/u**10 assuming u is positive. u**(-96/11) Simplify (b*b**(5/6)*b**2)/(b**4*b**(-3/5)) assuming b is positive. b**(13/30) Simplify ((z/(z/z**(1/9)))**42)**6 assuming z is positive. z**28 Simplify i/((i/(i**4*i))/i)*(i*i/i**28)/i assuming i is positive. i**(-21) Simplify (l*l**(3/8))/(l**(-9/4)/l*l) assuming l is positive. l**(29/8) Simplify ((j*j*j**(-1/2))/(j**0/j))**18 assuming j is positive. j**45 Simplify i**(1/3)/i*(i/(i**(-1)*i))/i*i assuming i is positive. i**(1/3) Simplify ((p*p/((p/(p**(-1/3)/p))/p))**(-35))**(-2/97) assuming p is positive. p**(140/291) Simplify (f**(-2/19)/f)**(-26) assuming f is positive. f**(546/19) Simplify (i/(i/i**8))**(-29) assuming i is positive. i**(-232) Simplify (((t/((t/((t*t/t**9*t*t)/t))/t))/t)/t*t)**(35/4) assuming t is positive. t**(-105/2) Simplify (((q*q**(-26)*q*q*q)/q)/q)**(-2/7) assuming q is positive. q**(48/7) Simplify (l/((l/l**(-9)*l)/l*l)*l)**(-11/2) assuming l is positive. l**(99/2) Simplify (d**(-2/13)/d**8)**(2/85) assuming d is positive. d**(-212/1105) Simplify (p**(1/2)/p*p**(-4/3))**(-5/9) assuming p is positive. p**(55/54) Simplify (s**(-11/3)/s)/s**(-3) assuming s is positive. s**(-5/3) Simplify (f**6*f**(-1))/(f**0)**32 assuming f is positive. f**5 Simplify (x**(3/8)*(x*x*x**(2/3))/x)/(x**(2/7))**(-32) assuming x is positive. x**(1879/168) Simplify (y**(5/2)/y)**(-16/5) assuming y is positive.
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(North) Korean Roman Catholics' Association (the state-run church) was set up on 30 June 1988. Samuel Chang Jae-on has been its president since its establishment. The association published a catechism and a prayer book in 1991. Dioceses and archdioceses Archdiocese of Seoul 서울 (Seat in South Korea) Diocese of Chunchon 춘천 (Seat in South Korea) Diocese of Hamhung 함흥 Diocese of Pyong-yang 평양 Territorial Abbacy of Tŏkwon 덕원 Cathedrals in North Korea Changchung Cathedral in Pyongyang, North Korea (Diocese of Pyong-yang 평양) Tokwon Abbey of St. Benedict in Tokwon 덕원, North Korea (Territorial Abbacy of Tŏkwon 덕원) See also Religion in Korea Religion in North Korea Christianity in Korea Catholic Church in South Korea List of Catholic Dioceses in Korea List of Saints from Asia References North KoreaHarlequin Violet: Response It seems that everyone these days is entering into the josei (young women) manga market, tapping into the potential buying power of mature female readers. Central Park Media's Be Beautiful imprint and Digital Manga Publishing have both done extremely well this year with their wide offering of yaoi titles, and with TOKYOPOP's BLU imprint newly opening their doors and books (not to mention their past and current success with the FAKE and Gravitation series), it seems only naturally that Harlequin Books and Dark Horse Manga would team up to create the Harlequin Ginger Blossom manga label. Divided into two lines, color coded pink and violet respectively for pure romance and heavier sensual subject matter, the manga plots are based on best selling Harlequin novels. This is both a flaw and an asset, depending upon your tastes. Harlequin novels follow a certain stylistic formula of action and reaction, where a man and woman meet, each with issues that come between their love that build up to a climatic break-up. However, in the end, love conquers all. While this basic format of attraction and repulsion can be widely found in shoujo and josei manga, the lack of subtlety in Harlequin Violet: Response may feel strange to a reader coming from translated Japanese manga. Harlequin Violet: Response also contains more dialogue than most manga. While this allows the plot to speed along, readers may feel too rushed in their reading experience with too much information in so few pages. Harlequin Violet: Response does flow quickly, at a speed comparable to American comics. I would expect this book to have been a three volume series if it was a translated manga from Japan. Sienna does ponder her mixed emotions frequently, but not to the extreme degree that is usually found in Japanese josei and shoujo manga. Once over this speed bump and with adjusted expectations, however, I believe that many readers will enjoy this title. Our heroine is Sienna, a rather sheltered English temporary secretary assigned to aid Alexis Stefanides, a dashingly handsome Greek multimillionaire in London for short term business. Only naturally, he sweeps her off of her feet, but then he breaks her heart for a misunderstanding involving Alexis' sister and Sienna's brother. As the two part company for seemingly the last time, Sienna has a traffic accident. She wakes up with amnesia and a wedding ring on her finger. I don't want to spoil the final twists and turns of this story, so I'll leave it off here. The plot is rather pulpy, but it's good pulp with a happy ending. It's the perfect book to read when you want something sentimental, but not too sugary-sweet. At first, I was disappointed by the lack of breasts or nipples or any graphic anatomy in Harlequin Violet: Response, considering that it is marketed as a more mature romance title. However, by the end of the manga, I appreciated the fact that this is a "work-safe" book, something that you can safely read in public without being branded as reading pornography. For women who are new to manga, or who do not enjoy hentai or yaoi as myself and many others do, this is an aspect that we need more of in adult manga. I must applaud Harlequin Ginger Blossom for releasing non-yaoi josei manga, as that is a subgenre scarcely seen in manga outside of Japan. In fact, the only recent and popular examples that come to mind are Honey and Clover and Paradise Kiss, and Honey and Clover isn't even licensed in the US. As a woman, it's wonderful to read mature manga that isn't oozing on every page with boy love, although I do enjoy the occasional decandent yaoi manga. I find it curious that sound effects are drawn in Japanese, then translated into English, despite this being an OEL (Original English Language) manga. I will guess that this is meant to visually please manga readers accustomed to seeing sound effects displayed in such a manner. At times, however, it does overcrowd the panel. Hashimoto does a fair job in illustrating Jordan's work. I don't want to criticize her work too much at this point, as this review is based on an advanced copy of the manga, not a final bound edition, where I can judge tones and lines better, but the characters are rather stony and expressionless, dependent upon the dialogue to give them emotion. On the bright side, Hashimoto does employ a wide variety of panels that flow logically and are still eye-catching, and she does enjoy dressing up Sienna later in the volume, as well as illustrating Alexis and Sienna's love nest on the imaginary grecian paradise of Micros. Overall, this is a solid title to jumpstart the Harlequin Ginger Blossom line, appealing to fans beyond the highly inclusive subset of shonen-ai and yaoi fans. With a release date of December 7th, Harlequin Violet: Response is a title that I will be looking forward to in the new year.Image copyright GWR New trains which were taken out of service after problems hampered their first days in use, have been fixed. They were stopped on Wednesday with issues including water leaking from air conditioning systems on to commuters. On Monday, the first of the four Intercity Express Trains (IET) destined for Wales from London was cancelled. Great Western Railway said the faster and bigger trains, which are designed to run for the next 27 years, are working again after a software upgrade. Media playback is unsupported on your device Media caption The first of the new GWR trains was more than 20 minutes late with leaking air-conditioning They were retested on the network without passengers on Thursday. Friday's 06:00 BST Bristol to Paddington service departed as planned, as did the 07:00 from Paddington to south Wales.Q: Detecting onFling gestures I tried the code from the android gesture guide. class GraphGestureListener extends GestureDetector.SimpleOnGestureListener { private static final String DEBUG_TAG = "Gestures"; @Override public boolean onDown(MotionEvent event) { Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "onDown: " + event.toString()); return true; } @Override public boolean onFling(MotionEvent event1, MotionEvent event2, float velocityX, float velocityY) { Log.d(DEBUG_TAG, "onFling: " + event1.toString() + event2.toString()); return true; } } I'm not sure if I'm missing the point here, but I never manage to get the onFling message to show in LogCat when I perform said gesture on my device. I keep getting onDown instead. Is it because onDown intercepts it every time? A: I've fixed it. I had onTouchEvent in my view from a previous example : @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { this._detector.onTouchEvent(event); return super.onTouchEvent(event); } By returning the detector's onTouchEvent result I now successfully capture all events : @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { return this._detector.onTouchEvent(event); } I'm new to android though and this was just on a whim. Does anyone have a reasonable explanation as to why the first sample was blocking other events? Yeah, It's been a While since I made a post. After watching the Moive Doomsday It got me thinking, Which is always a Bad thing. Would the Doomsday IP be a good MMO? If you think about it, The Setting works for an MMO... The Glasgow Tribe: The Cannibal Tribe in the Movie lived in Glasgow (DUH!) and Were lead by a Cannibal named Sol until, The Main Character kills him, At the End of the Movie She Becomes the New Leader.. This could give way to a
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Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, National Climate Center, and eight regional weather research institutions located in major cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The CMA has 72,834 staff members nationwide, including 4,415 senior researchers and engineers. Nine of its scientists are members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering. With climate change and air pollution at the forefront of the global research agenda, CMA scientists have been widely published on matters of climate surveillance and modelling, atmospheric pollutant formation, and the ecological impacts of climate change. Colorado State University, United States Change in adjusted Share (2015–19): 16.60; % change: 74%; Place: 11th Located amid the Rocky Mountains and surrounded by national parks, Colorado State University (CSU) in Fort Collins is ideally situated as a top performer in Earth and environmental sciences research. In the Nature Index, the discipline accounts for more than one-third of CSU’s total research output. In 2019, CSU spent US$398.5 million on research, with federal funding agencies contributing around 70%. It has secured funding of $128 million over 5 years from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to support projects such as the development of improved forecasting models and real-time satellite tools for the National Weather Service. A 2019 Nature Climate Change article co-authored by NSU researchers revealed that wind speeds have increased by 7% since 2010 in northern mid-latitude regions, which could inform research into more efficient wind energy systems. University of Oslo, Norway Change in adjusted Share (2015–19): 12.97; % change: 96.3%; Place: 16th Founded in 1811 as the first university in Norway, the University of Oslo (UiO) has eight faculties and three museums on campus, including its Viking Ship Museum, which contains richly decorated ninth-century warships, skeletons and burial gifts. Its Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences hosts roughly 6,000 students, 800 doctoral candidates and 1,100 academic staff, and covers areas such as theoretical astrophysics, technology systems and geosciences. The Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, which explores fundamental issues for understanding Earth’s tectonics, climate and volcanoes, is among its nine National Centres of Excellence. In early 2020, UiO researchers developed the first map of permafrost distribution in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres using satellite data and a new model. The map reveals that the coldest permafrost on Earth is found on Mount Markham in the Queen Elizabeth Range of the Transantarctic Mountains in Antarctica, at a temperature of −36 °C. Lanzhou University, China Change in adjusted Share (2015–19): 11.21; % change: 134.7%; Place: 20th Founded in 1909 in China’s northwestern province of Gansu, Lanzhou University (LZU) enjoyed rapid development in the 1950s and 1960s, as part of a comprehensive government programme to invest in the country’s remote regions. By the end of 2019, LZU had 19,964 undergraduate, 11,408 master’s, and 2,885 doctoral students. Its 2,228-member faculty includes six members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering, 18 full-time Changjiang scholars honoured by China’s Ministry of Education, and 46 recipients of the Distinguished Young Scientist award from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. LZU’s strongest subject output in the Nature Index is chemistry. It has strengths in atmospheric and grasslands research, ecology and geography.Starting out as an archive of the early ’80s New Romantics, blitzkids.com is expanding, already having punk, cyberpunk and teds galleries with a goth gallery under construction. Not the easiest site to navigate, but it rewards persistence. The Manchester District Music Archive is a huge, admirable project covering all genres and includes Queer Noise “”The hidden History Of Manchester’s Gay Music Culture.” Every town and city deserves a site, and people with as much energy, as this. The excellent and ever expanding Luminous Lint has a fascinating online exhibition of 19th century Memento Mori photographs. This relatively brief fashion (?) is often said to be a response to the new technology being made available to the masses, which doesn’t explain the majority of examples being shot in the USA. TCB v. Tubular IN THE COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT OF TEXAS, AT AUSTIN NO. 3-90-265-CV TEXAS COMMERCE BANK - NEW BRAUNFELS, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, APPELLANT vs. JOHN C. HOOPER AND T. F. ROBBINS, APPELLEES FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF COMAL COUNTY, 207TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT NO. C-83-345B, HONORABLE RALPH W. CATON, JUDGE PRESIDING Appellant Texas Commerce Bank - New Braunfels, National Association ("TCB") sued appellees John C. Hooper and Thomas F. Robbins, Jr. to collect on a note executed on December 22, 1982, by Tubular Inspection Equipment Company, Inc. ("Tubular"). Tubular had failed to file a required tax report on October 13, 1982. Thus, pursuant to Tex. Tax Code Ann. § 171.255 (1982), appellees Hooper and Robbins were liable as officers and directors of Tubular for debts of the corporation created or incurred after that date. After the jury found that the note, the fifth in a series, represented debt created or incurred after October 13, 1982, the trial court granted judgment non obstante veredicto for Hooper and Robbins. We will affirm the judgment of the trial court. BACKGROUND TCB originally loaned Tubular $100,000 on May 10, 1982. This note was partially supported by the personal sureties of defendants ($25,000 by Robbins and $50,000 by Hooper). Renewal notes were subsequently executed, dated July 9, August 9, September 23, and December 22 of that same year. Also during that period, appellee Hooper paid TCB $20,000 of the original debt, reducing the note's principal amount to $80,000. The amount of Hooper's guaranty was correspondingly reduced to $30,000. Thereafter, Robbins and Hooper paid TCB the full amount of their guaranties. After Tubular went out of business in May of 1983, TCB sued appellees Hooper and Robbins for the remaining balance of $25,000, plus interest. TCB bases its theory of recovery against appellees as individuals on Tubular's forfeiture of its corporate privileges, due to its failure to file a required tax report with the Comptroller of Public Accounts on October 13, 1982. Tex. Tax Code Ann. § 171.255 (1982) provides in part: (a) If the corporate privileges of a corporation are forfeited for the failure to file a report or pay a tax or penalty, each director or officer of the corporation is liable for each debt of the corporation that is created or incurred in this state after the date on which the report, tax, or penalty is due and before the corporate privileges are revived. The issue at trial was whether the note executed by Tubular on December 22, 1982, "created or incurred" any new obligation for which its officers and directors would be so liable. After the jury answered "yes" to Question No. 1 ("Was the debt created or incurred after October 13, 1982?"), the trial court granted appellee's motion for judgment non obstante veredicto, finding that there was no evidence to support the jury's answer. DISCUSSION "For a judgment non obstante veredicto to be upheld, it must appear that there is no evidence of probative force in support of the disregarded jury finding. Thus, appellant's burden on appeal is to point out some evidence of probative force in support of these findings." American Produce & Vegetable Co. v. J. D. Campisi's Italian Restaurant, 533 S.W.2d 380, 383 (Tex. Civ. App. 1975, writ ref'd, n.r.e.) (citations omitted). TCB seeks to hold Hooper and Robbins personally liable under § 171.255 of Tex. Tax Code Ann. "Section 171.255 is said to be remedial in nature--that is, to assist and assure the prompt reporting and payment of taxes. . . . But the Code section is also held to be penal in nature and must be strictly construed to protect those individuals against whom liability is sought." Rogers v. Adler, 696 S.W.2d 674, 676-77 (Tex. App. 1985, writ ref'd n.r.e.), citing Schwab v. Schlumber
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Will Marshal, was close by and he and another of the king's men rode to his rescue." The child's eyes were as round as coins. "Do men die in tournaments?" "Of course. Their weapons are not blunted and—" Morgan caught himself, remembering that the boy had a brother fighting on the morrow. "But any deaths would be by pure chance," he said hastily, "for that is not the goal. The idea is to capture your foe and his horse, hold him for a goodly ransom." "Lord Thibault!" A plump, pink-cheeked woman was hastening toward them. "I have been looking everywhere for you!" Arms akimbo, she frowned down at the child, who scowled back, unrepentant. Morgan gallantly came to Thibault's defense. "It is my fault, too, Dame," he said, with his most charming smile. "We were talking about the tournament and lost track of time." He kissed her hand then with a flourish. "I am Sir Morgan Fitz Ranulf, one of the mesnie of the Duke of Brittany." Thibault's nurse was thawing quickly, soothed by the mention of Geoffrey's name. It had an immediate affect upon Thibault, too. "He is my uncle!" he exclaimed, looking up at Morgan with a pleased grin. Morgan had known Thibault was from the upper classes; his clothing and speech and even his self-confidence all proclaimed him one of fortune's favorites. He'd not expected the boy to be quite so highly placed, though. If he was Geoffrey's nephew, he must be one of the sons of Geoffrey's half sister, Marie. That made perfect sense, for Lagny was on the border of Champagne. "Then your brother is Henri, Count of Champagne!" Thibault nodded proudly but then bridled when his nurse sought to lead him away. Morgan again played the good knight and offered to escort them to Thibault's mother. That not only satisfied them both, but it would give Morgan a welcome chance to meet one of Christendom's great beauties, for all of Eleanor of Aquitaine's daughters were as physically blessed as she had been. THIBAULT'S MOTHER was at that moment standing in the top tier of the spectator stands, checking out the view and bedeviling Geoffrey. "I recently discovered one of your dark secrets," she teased, "thanks to Gaucelm Faidit. He was performing at my court last month and he let it slip that you and he had composed an erotic tenso, with you singing in French and Gaucelm responding in the lengua romana. Naturally I had to hear it!" "Oh, Lord...I was drunk at the time, Marie, I swear!" "Actually it was rather good," she said, giving him a sidelong smile. "Richard is an occasional poet, too. Have you heard any of his songs?" "Richard and I are more likely to share insults and threats than poetry." "That is a pity," she said and meant it. She'd first met her mother's sons thirteen years ago, at the time of their first rebellion, and she'd become quite fond of all three of them; John, she'd yet to meet. She'd grieved for Hal and she was sorry that Richard and Geoffrey acted more like blood foes than blood brothers. Nor did she approve of Geoffrey's new rapport with her other half brother. Although she'd been compelled by the political realities of her world to make peace with Philippe, she neither liked nor trusted him, and she was sure that no good could come of his sudden friendship with Geoffrey. Since no others were within hearing range, she took advantage of her status as Geoffrey's elder sister to speak her mind. "I find it curious that you and your men are fighting with the French instead of the Normans and Angevins." "Merely a courtesy to my host," he said, and she gave him a skeptical glance that made her look uncannily like the mother she'd not seen since childhood. "I am going to tell you a story, Geoffrey, about my father. Papa would often wander off by himself, and one time my brother-in-law Thibault found him dozing under a tree. When Thibault chided him for it, he said calmly, 'I may sleep alone quite safely for no one bears me any ill will.'" "I know that story," Geoffrey said, grinning as he remembered how it had vexed his father, who found Louis's sanctimony hard to swallow. "I also heard about the time he said that the English king had men and horses and gold but in France they had only 'bread and wine and gaiety.' My parents called him 'Louis, Lamb of God' for some time after that one!" "And did you hear what Philippe answered when he'd seemed lost in thought during a council? This is soon after he'd been crowned, so he was all of fourteen. He said that he'd been wondering if he'd be able to make France great again, as it had been in the days of Charlemagne." "No, I had not heard that, but it does sound like Philippe. What is your point, Marie?" "I am trying to warn you that Philippe might well be a changeling, for he could not be more unlike our father. I do not know what the two of you are up to, but I hope you take heed, Geoffrey. Despite his youth, Philippe is a clever, dangerous man." "I agree with you. But you seem to have forgotten that I am a clever, dangerous man, too." Marie rolled her eyes, but when Geoffrey laughed, she could not help laughing with him. "Very well. I've done my best, will say no more on it," she promised, and proved it by changing the subject. "Why did Constance not come with you? I would have liked to meet her." "Come to our Christmas Court this year," Geoffrey said expansively, "and we'll show you that Breton hospitality is second to none. Constance had been suffering morning queasiness and she thought it best to remain in Rennes in case she might be pregnant. I keep telling her that all happens in God's Time, but she is impatient to give me a son." "It's passing strange that you are the only one of the English king's sons to produce heirs so far." He shrugged. "Well, Richard might get around to wedding poor Alys one of these days now that she will bring him the Vexin, and Johnny is keen to marry the Gloucester heiress. I wish him luck, for the last thing my father wants is to allow him to have incomes and lands of his own." He sounded so bitter that she gave him a quick, searching look. "Far be it from me to offer a defense of Henry Fitz Empress, but you might keep this in mind. At least he has permitted contact with your mother, and that is more than my father did. Once their marriage was over, he did his best to exorcise her from my life and memories—" She stopped then, having caught sight of the small boy running across the field, trailed by his nurse and a young knight. Leaning over the railing, she waved to Thibault and smiled. She loved all four of her children dearly, but she had a special fondness for Thibault, her youngest, and as she watched him race toward her, she felt a maternal pang, thinking that they grew up so fast, thankful that Thibault was only seven, years away from the time when he'd risk his life and honor in tournaments and war like her elder son, Henri, and her brothers Geoffrey and Richard. GEOFFREY WAS WATCHING with amusement as his men teased, tormented, and chaffed his cousin Morgan, an initiation of sorts into the ranks of knighthood. Morgan bore it in good humor, fending off the jests and gibes with a becoming modesty that was belied by his wide grin and dancing dark eyes. Geoffrey knew his cousin would remember for the rest of his life that moment when his lance had unhorsed his foe; a knight never forgot his first joust. Heralds were parading up and down, crying out "Helmets on!" Geoffrey adjusted his own helmet and then mounted his favorite destrier, a Spanish stallion he'd called Tempestad in recognition of the horse's silvery-grey coat and stormy temperament. Reaching for the lance that his squire was holding out, he playfully tapped the boy on the shoulder with it, a lighthearted reminder that Mikael might one day be dubbed a knight, too. The estor—the grand charge—was eagerly awaited by spectators and participants alike, and Geoffrey's breath quickened. This was the moment he most loved about tourneying, that first glorious sortie with banners streaming, trumpets blaring, and the earth atremble with pounding hooves as hundreds of knights came together in a spectacular clash of sound and fury. They were close enough now to couch their lances under their arms, to home in upon targets. Geoffrey selected a knight on a rangy bay stallion. Unhorsing an opponent was as much an act of skill as it was luck, required steady nerves and perfect timing. As they closed with each other, Geoffrey veered at the last minute, just enough for his foe's lance to glance off
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two populations: western black scoter and white-winged scoter. Nearly all of the western black scoter harvest results from subsistence hunting in Alaska, where harvest survey methodology relies on hunters to identify species correctly when they report their harvest. Rothe et al. \[[@pone.0175411.ref018]\] stated that some of Alaska's subsistence hunters probably report all scoters they harvest as black scoters, thereby inflating harvest estimates for that species. Efforts are currently underway to improve the Alaska subsistence harvest survey, which could result in reduced uncertainty around western black scoter harvest estimates. Continental harvest of white-winged scoters is less than that of any other species we assessed; thus, harvest estimates for that species would benefit from larger wing samples, as recommended above. Challenges and assumptions {#sec021} -------------------------- The most difficult aspect of our assessment was specifying distributions for demographic parameters. As we described above, demographic rates used in the estimation of *r*~max~ are rarely observed in nature, particularly in harvested populations. Estimates of *r*~max~ for harvest management applications ideally account for the mean environmental conditions and anthropogenic stressors that set upper limits on growth rate for a particular population \[[@pone.0175411.ref021], [@pone.0175411.ref032], [@pone.0175411.ref033]\]. While, through the elicitation, we sought to obtain estimates of demographic rates that reflected maximum growth potential for each population, we acknowledge the difficulty in doing so, and that survival and reproductive parameters and *r*~max~ may be under-estimated. In contrast, the DIM-based estimates of *r*~max~ are based on allometric relationships and relationships among survival, fecundity, and generation time that apply broadly within taxonomic groups. We view the DIM-based estimates as theoretical maximum values of *r*~max~ for each species which may overestimate harvest potential for a specific population under prevailing environmental conditions and other anthropogenic stressors. Our estimates of population-specific *r*~max~ were lower than the species' theoretical maximum values of *r*~max~ in all cases ([Table 2](#pone.0175411.t002){ref-type="table"}). For white-winged scoter, American common eider, and long-tailed duck, the differences between population-specific and theoretical maximum values of *r*~max~ were largest. It is not possible to determine if these differences are due to suboptimal environmental conditions or anthropogenic factors, to bias in estimates of demographic rates, or both. Estimating the functional form of the relationship between population density, growth rate, and K as described by the parameter *θ* in the theta-logistic growth model is also challenging. Theta is most commonly estimated from a time series of population indices which are lacking for sea ducks \[[@pone.0175411.ref029], [@pone.0175411.ref069], [@pone.0175411.ref070]\]. Because we thought it would be difficult for experts to provide informed judgments regarding values of *θ* for any of these species/populations, we bracketed *θ* based on a published estimate for a North American waterfowl species with similar life history and ran the simulations for *θ* = 1 and *θ* = 2. Given the life history characteristics of sea ducks, it is likely that true values of *θ* are \>1 and that density dependence in these species is strongest as population size approaches K. The value of *θ* can have significant implications for harvest potential \[[@pone.0175411.ref022]\], increasing allowable take levels as the population approaches K for more K-selected species. If *θ* is \> 2 for the populations that we simulated, our assessment will underestimate harvest potential. There are a number of other important assumptions implicit to PTL that challenge its application to harvest management. First, PTL assumes that K is not changing. Carrying capacity, however, varies in response to environmental variation or to directional system changes. PTL is robust to changes in carrying capacity as long as *F*~*0*~ is formulated to maintain the population at a fixed fraction of K. This can be accomplished through a harvest rate formulation of PTL or through a time-specific, total harvest-based formulation which scales allowable harvest in accordance with population size \[[@pone.0175411.ref008], [@pone.0175411.ref022]\]. For the latter, it is critical that periodically updated population estimates are available in order to adjust PTL. Second, PTL assumes *r*~max~ is fixed. Since we view *r*~max~ as a reflection of species life history traits expressed within a specific environmental/anthropogenic setting, it is possible that *r*~max~ could change over time as mean conditions change. There is no remedy for this problem other than conservatism in decision-making and vigilance in monitoring \[[@pone.0175411.ref008]\] to ensure that periodic updating of *r*~max~ estimates is possible. Third, PTL as formulated assumes that hunting mortality is additive to other forms of mortality. This is a conservative assumption; however, PTL can be re-framed to allow for partial compensation \[[@pone.0175411.ref029]\]. Given the life history characteristics of sea ducks, and in the interest of simplification, we did not consider compensation or partial compensation of harvest mortality. Finally, PTL, as applied here, is based on a highly simplified model of population growth: the deterministic theta-logistic model. While the methods we used to estimate *r*~max~ allow for limited incorporation of age/stage structure, sparse monitoring data for sea ducks limits rigorous examination of the effects of age/stage structure, population inertia/transient dynamics, environmental and other stochastic effects, cohort-targeted harvest, and other factors affecting the dynamics of structured populations. PTL was selected as an initial assessment framework because the simplicity of the underlying model permits broad application to a variety of sea duck species. Conclusions and future development {#sec022} ================================== While this assessment highlights a high degree of uncertainty in allowable harvest, it provides a framework for integration of new data from future research and monitoring. It could also serve as the basis for harvest strategy development as questions about objectives, regulatory packages, and the relationship between regulations and harvest are resolved. We recommend that these PTL assessments be replicated at some reasonable time interval, incorporating additional information derived through research and monitoring. This could be accomplished in a number of ways including repeating the elicitation, updating or incorporating distributions based on empirical data, and/or weighting distributions. The results and conclusions of this study are conditional on the uncertainty described in the demographic parameters for each of the 7 populations. Changing the uncertainty distribution of one parameter can affect the relative sensitivity of harvest inferences to that parameter, as well as others, and would be expected to change the monitoring and research priorities described here. We note that this assessment framework could also be used in a more prospective manner. By speculating about the expected reduction in uncertainty in individual parameters that is anticipated from specific research and monitoring proposals, the funding agencies or partnerships such as the SDJV could use this framework to contrast individual proposals based on their expected effect on the comparison of allowable and observed harvest. A more formal analysis of the effect of uncertainty and its reduction on harvest decisions could be achieved through an assessment of the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) or expected value of partial information (EVPXI) \[[@pone.0175411.ref009], [@pone.0175411.ref071]\]. These approaches require a fully-specified decision framework to include a harvest management objective, a set of actions (different regulatory alternatives in a harvest management context), and system and control models that specify the effects of regulatory actions and uncertainty about those effects. While a PTL assessment could provide a component of this larger decision framework, other elements, some technical, some policy-based, are presently unspecified. Efforts are underway to specify these policy aspects, further develop decision frameworks to guide sea duck harvest management, and apply more formal approaches to prioritize research and monitoring. Supporting information {#sec023} ====================== ###### Derivation of harvest rate (h~MSY~) and absolute harvest (H~MSY~). (DOCX) ###### Click here for additional data file. ###### Data and expert elicitation results for parameters used in the assessment. (XLSX) ###### Click here for additional data file. ###### R-code for simulations. \(R\) ###### Click here for additional data file. ###### Parameter estimates provided to the expert elicitation panel as background material. (DOCX) ###### Click here for additional data file. ###### Sensitivity of harvest difference to individual demographic parameters. (XLSX) ###### Click here for additional data file. We thank the many individuals who provided input, guidance and information regarding sea ducks, including: R. Alisauskas, B. Allen, B. Avers, T. Bowman, S. De La Cruz, P. Flint, S. Gilliland, J.-F. Giroux, J. Kelley, D. Kraege, M. Mallory, D. McAuley, R. Milton, S. Olson, J. Osenkowski, E. Osnas, J. Pearce, E. Reed, M. Robertson, D. Rosenberg, J. Schamber, K. Sullivan and R. Trost. We thank W. Kendall and 2 anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments on earlier drafts. We greatly benefitted from the leadership of K. Dickson for guiding the SDJV through a process for developing
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should know what you want in advance, keep an eye on the prize and make a dash as soon as you bust the doors. Don’t amble or look around. Although ads in for Black Friday sales come on Thanksgiving, most ads are launched and available weeks before the event. Use ad scanners and deal roundups from websites such as BlackFriday.com to filter your search based on item or store. Make sure to skim through for ads of stores you want to go to and start penning up your game plan. Prioritize your purchases. Mention the store’s operating hours and specific sales hours that affect your product’s priority. You should prioritize the store that will close deep discounts sooner than others. You should remember that the high demand purchases like game consoles will be limited so keep them on top of your priority list. Lastly, if you need more than one item from the store, prioritize your purchases in each store. 5. Plot Your Shopping Points You should know when the stores you plan to crash are having their biggest sales and perform a price comparison. This will allow a strategy to be devised for which stores you should stop first at. To make sure you do not miss out on a fantastic deal, you should prioritize the stores and the timings. Shopping centres and malls mostly have maps located in the centre on the website. If you plot out a plan using those you will be able to build a strategy of where to park your car, which gate to crash that is closest to your stores and which is the best route to take from one place to another. Bonus Tip: Divide to Conquer You will want to go to more than one store on Black Friday. However, the quantity of products would be limited. Having a shopping hang out with your pals is usually great, but Black Friday is not one of those days. If you want to snag the 1 out of a million deals, you will have to divide and conquer. Decide who will go to which store, stay in touch with each other through your phones and decide to meet up for lunch after the deed is done. You can happily sip on your coffee and gossip away about your day. 725 N.W.2d 333 (2006) PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Michael Jude TAYLOR, Defendant-Appellant. Docket No. 132304. COA No. 268731. Supreme Court of Michigan. December 29, 2006. On order of the Court, the application for leave to appeal the September 15, 2006 order of the Court of Appeals is considered, and it is DENIED, because the defendant has failed to meet the burden of establishing entitlement to relief under MCR 6.508(D). The motions for appointment of counsel and for an evidentiary hearing are DENIED. Tuesday, June 19, 2007 On Jewish Loyalties I’ve been going through the book Jewish Literacy by Rabbi Joseph Telushkin in preparation for some classes I’ll be teaching this fall on Judaism and Jewish history. It's a superb resource and a great overview of all things Jewish. I thought it would be helpful (for me, maybe for you) to regularly blog on what he has to say. So today's thought comes out of Rabbi Telushkin’s article on “Louis Brandeis (1856-1941)” which includes this, on Jewish loyalties: Brandeis aggressively criticized Jews who expressed fear that support for Zionism would call their loyalty to America into question. “Multiple loyalties,” he cogently explained, do not necessarily imply “mutually exclusive loyalties. A man can be loyal to his family, his city, his state and his country, and need have no fear that these loyalties will conflict.” Today, some three quarters of a century later, American Jews still cite Brandeis’s formulation to counter accusations that those who work on behalf of Israel are guilty of having dual loyalties [pages 412-413]. This fear of divided loyalties was also part of early Reform Judaism’s resistance to Zionism, as Telushkin explains elsewhere: Reform Jews feared that Zionism’s insistence that Jews should live in Palestine would call into question Jewish loyalties to their native lands [“Neturei Karta,” p. 335]. Jews who have come to believe in Jesus but insist they are still Jews claim loyalty both to the Jewish people and to Jesus. And they claim loyalty both to the Jewish people and to all people who follow Jesus, Jewish or gentile. Brandeis was no believer in Jesus, but one wonders if he would have extended the dictum—“Multiple loyalties do not necessarily imply mutually exclusive loyalties”—to the case of Jesus-believing Jews. Or would he have said, as many do, that for a Jew to be for Jesus is an oxymoron, like vegetarians for meat?Two dimensional chiral networks emerging from the aryl-F...H hydrogen-bond-driven self-assembly of partially fluorinated rigid molecular structures. Self-assembly of the partially fluorinated rigid molecules physisorbed at solution/graphite interface has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Upon adsorption, both the branched star-shaped compound 1 and the angulate rod 2 compromising diacetylene and acetylene interlinked benzene and pentafluorobezene formed two-dimensional chiral porous networks. The spontaneous formation of these architectures is likely attributed to the two effects: the compensation of the dipole moments of the branches and the formation of Ar-H...F hydrogen bonds. These results demonstrate that the immobilization of molecules at the liquid/solid interface can be driven by these weak intermolecular interactions instead of van der Waals interactions between alkyl chains and substrate.Editor's note: A recent Slate piece argued that queer-only events should allow attendees to bring their non-queer partners. There's a Madison connection: In one section, it focuses on Madison-based events group Queer Pressure, and the article's author, Dana Sitar, is a former Madisonian. Given the growing role that queer-focused events—and other events focused around marginalized communities—play in Madison's nightlife, we wanted to hear a local response. We present here responses from two people: Queer Pressure co-founder Sarah Akawa (who is quoted in the Slate piece), and Hana Masri, a UW-Madison M.A. graduate who has researched queer nightlife and is currently pursuing a PhD at the University of Texas at Austin. Sarah Akawa and Joey Bee: Why Madison needs queer-only spaces Last November, a freelance journalist and former Madisonian named Dana Sitar reached out to us with some general questions about Queer Pressure, an organization we co-founded to expand Madison's offerings for queer nightlife. Sitar ended up citing our conversation in a piece for Slate in which she argued that bisexual people should be able to bring along their non-queer partners to queer-only spaces and events. We want to take the opportunity to respond to Sitar's piece and elaborate about Queer Pressure's effort to create a necessary place for queer people. We created Queer Pressure in 2014 out of frustration at the lack of safer spaces that existed for queer people, especially those of us who experience multiple layers of oppression. At the time, many establishments (gay and otherwise) in Madison had dress codes and no-hiphop policies that isolated people of color and perpetuated the horrific anti-blackness that Madison is so famous for. A popular gay dance club in the city refused to implement gender-neutral bathrooms, even after multiple complaints of harassment perpetrated against trans individuals. Marketing for nightlife events bolstered fatphobia and body-policing. And as women, we experienced harassment in the majority of Madison's nightlife spaces. So, we set out to create an alternative. As a collective, Queer Pressure values both separate, intentional spaces for people with shared lived experiences, and spaces open to everyone—which is why we organize both queer-only events, and events that are open to all. Sarah mentioned both to Sitar, but her piece for Slate mentions only the queer-only events. One thing we seek to create with Queer Pressure are intentional separate spaces for people with a shared marginalized identity. For Queer Pressure's queer-only events, this is broadly anyone who identifies on the gender and sexuality spectrum that is not both straight and cisgender. Our desire to create occasional intentional separate spaces is partially influenced by my experience as a queer person of color. I [Sarah] am a queer multi-racial Asian American person dating a white person. When I enter into spaces intended only for people of color, I do not bring my partner, because she is not a person of color. Though my white partner is not welcome, and though I am multi-racial, I do not feel that I need to "check my" white "half at the door." I do not feel excluded from these POC-only spaces because I value the rare occurrence and the purpose these spaces serve, building community across a shared lived experience. I appreciate these spaces and they have often been places of healing and growth. Someone might incorrectly argue that the exclusion of my white partner is "reverse racism" but let's remind ourselves that there is no such thing, because that's not how oppression works. Similarly, the exclusion of a straight partner in intentional separate spaces for queer people is not biphobic, nor is it oppressive against straight cisgender boyfriends. Queer Pressure has always welcomed feedback, but at the end of the day, our priority is to create community spaces with and for queer people.
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4,059,637 describes a method by which DHP present in the caustic solution is extracted using MIBK solvent in a four-stage countercurrent mixer settler-type extraction. The caustic solution containing DHP used in the mixer settler-type extraction is previously treated with MIBK at a temperature of below 30xc2x0 C. to remove oxidation by-products having 2-hydroxy-2-propyl group such as diisopropylbenzene hydroxyhydroperoxide (HHP) and diisopropylbenzene dicarbinol (DCL). The HHP content of the caustic solution containing DHP prior to feed into the mixer-settler extraction is reported to be about 4.2%. After the extraction, the purity of DHP in the MIBK solution is reported to be 93%. Several patents disclose different acid type catalysts and temperatures to obtain a dihydric phenol such as resorcinol or hydroquinone from the DHP by cleavage. For example, British Patent No. 743,736 discloses sulfuric acid as the catalyst for m-DHP cleavage in the presence of an MIBK solvent under reflux conditions. With a residence time of between about 7.5-10 minutes and a 0.2 wt. % H2SO4 catalyst, 99.6% of the DHP is decomposed. British Patent No. 819,450 discloses a sulfur trioxide catalyst for the cleavage of m-DHP; sulfur trioxide is reported as causing a far more rapid cleavage reaction than the corresponding quantity of sulfuric acid. The decomposition of m-DHP is carried out continuously in two reactors connected in series, using MIBK and acetone as the solvents employed in the cleavage operation. Canadian Patent No. 586,534 also discloses the use of a sulfur trioxide catalyst for cleaving m-DHP in the presence of 0.3 wt. % water in the cleavage reaction. U.S. Pat. No. 3,923,908 discloses a process for cleaving diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxides in the presence of impurities such as isopropylphenyl dimethylcarbinol (MCL), diisopropylbenzene hydroxyhydroperoxide (HHP) and diisopropylbenzene dicarbinol (DCL) using a sulfur trioxide catalyst and a solvent. In order to effectively utilize the by-product diisopropylbenzene hydroxyhydroperoxide (HHP), Japanese Patent Application 95-304027 and Japanese Patent Application No. 95-301055 disclose a method by which an MIBK solution containing HHP is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a palladium-alumina catalyst (a material carrying 1 wt. % of palladium metal) in an autoclave equipped with an agitator, at a hydrogen pressure of 6 atmospheres and a reaction temperature of 90xc2x0 C., to obtain diisopropylbenzene dicarbinol (DCL). Though this method produces DCL from HHP, the safety of this process is questionable, as it involves handling high pressure hydrogen in the presence of a highly volatile solvent (MIBK) at high temperatures. One important aspect recognized in the art of producing high purity dihydric phenol by the hydroperoxidation technology is to prepare a high purity cleavage feed (DHP) from the diisopropylbenzene oxidation mixture. Although DHP is produced in the DIPB oxidation, it may not be easy to completely remove the DHP from the oxidation mixture for use in the cleavage step of the hydroperoxidation process. In a standard first step of DHP separation from the oxidate, caustic extraction is typically performed using either a 4% or 8% NaOH solution. During this extraction, DHP as well as other impurities present in the oxidate, such as HHP, acetyl-isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide (KHP), MHP, etc., are extracted. When an 8% NaOH solution is used, about 90-95% of the HHP and KHP present in the oxidation mixture are known to be extracted into the caustic solution, along with about 1-2% MHP. MHP present in the caustic solution is back extracted with a DIPB solvent. The solution comprising the DIPB, extracted MHP and other extracted oxidation impurities can then be recycled to the oxidation reaction and subjected to oxidation. This DIPB extraction does not have much effect on removing other impurities such as HHP and KHP from the caustic extract solution, however. To remove the HHP from the caustic solution, an MIBK solvent extraction is typically done at a low temperature. In spite of this operation, the concentration of HHP in the caustic solution before the final MIBK extraction can still be relatively high and, therefore, this method has been found to be a difficult route to produce a very high purity DHP for the cleavage. None of the patents or other literature in the art suggest or disclose what happens to impurities such as KHP present in the caustic extract. If the extraction procedures or methods are not efficient, then the hydroperoxidation process impurities are expected to interfere with the isolation of a very high purity DHP needed for a highly efficient cleavage operation. None of the art teaches or suggests a process by which, in a continuous operation, a very high purity DHP can be produced from the diisopropylbenzene oxidation materials. In an attempt to make a high purity DHP material, U.S. Pat. No. 4,059,637 describes a method in which four mixer-settler type extractors are used. The DHP-containing caustic solution used in the ""637 patent contained DHP and HHP in a ratio of about 95.8:4.2, even after the MIBK extraction was performed at 20xc2x0 C. on the solution. According to this patent, this cold MIBK extraction of the caustic extraction was done separately as a discontinuous process rather than being integrated with the mixer-settler extraction operation. This procedure produced a low purity DHP-containing product for the cleavage reaction. Thus, the techniques used in the art to separate a high purity DHP from the DIPB oxidation materials have disadvantages. No single process completely describes a continuous method of obtaining a high purity DHP from the oxidate, while identifying and characterizing the nature of impurities extracted into the caustic and MIBK extractions. In addition, art-described methods for preparing DCL from DIPB oxidation materials give rise to safety concerns. There remains a need, therefore, for such a process which provides for the safe and efficient preparation of products such as a high purity DHP feed for use in preparation of DHB, as well as DCL. The present invention has met the above described needs by providing a novel process for the preparation of a dihydric phenol, such as resorcinol or hydroquinone, from a high purity DHP-containing cleavage feed while also effectively utilizing the HIP impurity in the oxidation product of DIPB for the manufacture of dicarbinol. This method generally comprises the steps of oxidizing diisopropylbenzenes with molecular oxygen in the presence of a base catalyst to obtain an oxidation reaction mixture, also referred to herein as xe2x80x9coxidatexe2x80x9d, comprising, among other things, diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide (DHP) and diisopropylbenzene hydroxyhydroperoxide (HHP); feeding the oxidate into a Karr Column, also referred to herein as a xe2x80x9ccaustic extraction columnxe2x80x9d; continuously and simultaneously extracting DHP and HHP from the oxidate in a counter-current operation; continuously generating a DHP/HHP enriched caustic, also referred to herein as xe2x80x9crich causticxe2x80x9d, and a recycle stream, which recycle stream can be directly fed back into the oxidation reactor; continuously feeding the rich caustic into a second Karr Column, also referred to herein as xe2x80x9ccold MIBK columnxe2x80x9d, for the simultaneous and continuous generation of DHP enriched caustic and the separation of HHP from the DHP enriched caustic achieved by performing this MIBK extraction operation at a low temperature, also referred to herein as xe2x80x9ccold MIBK extractionxe2x80x9d; continuously feeding the DHP enriched caustic into a third Karr Column, also referred to herein as xe2x80x9chot MIBK columnxe2x80x9d, for the continuous generation of a very high purity DHP to obtain an MIBK solution, herein referred to as xe2x80x9chot MIBK solutionxe2x80x9d, for feeding to a cleavage step for continuous generation of dihydroxybenzene and continuous generation of a lean caustic containing very low levels of unextracted hydroperoxides. Prior to cleavage, the hot MIBK solution is preferably concentrated; the concentrate is then fed into a continuous cleavage reactor where DHP is cleaved in the presence of a catalyst to produce the corresponding dihydric phenol, such as resorcinol or hydroquinone, and acetone. The HHP present in the cold MIBK extract obtained following the second Karr Column extraction is decomposed by treatment with an aqueous alkaline solution under atmospheric and aqueous conditions to obtain the corresponding dicarbinol. It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an improved process for the production of polyphenols, such as resorcinol or hydroquinone,
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46265, 1906, 5, 78, 3455, 352, 556, 642, 11978, 9096, 15, 17143, 10425, 37800, 5783, 4973, 403, 840, 7101, 342, 2502, 25808, 13, 4645, 642, 4755, 17668, 875, 48288, 8868, 4038, 285, 33736, 2323, 4142, 15, 27501, 2203, 14, 1968, 568, 926, 27, 1033, 1250, 382, 10148, 11489, 83, 1033, 603, 15, 9275, 346, 926, 18031, 3429, 568, 17, 15, 1525, 61, 33237, 986, 187, 187, 6067, 8571, 457, 3268, 275, 5553, 8868, 4038, 285, 275, 2164, 46265, 1906, 5, 78, 1181, 575, 26364, 4038, 285, 544, 6104, 603, 1181, 2625, 14, 936, 14, 24946, 310, 2011, 275, 5317, 575, 1447, 926, 27, 1033, 1250, 382, 4207, 6282, 273, 1458, 3953, 8571, 13, 48891, 403, 337, 15, 21, 33529, 3636, 13, 2145, 746, 403, 2164, 46265, 1906, 5, 78, 1181, 575, 24491, 13, 285, 608, 2055, 403, 1097, 5553, 285, 2164, 46265, 1906, 5, 78, 1181, 575, 24491, 15, 380, 4973, 534, 403, 4236, 275, 1097, 5553, 285, 2164, 46265, 1906, 5, 78, 1181, 575, 23226, 1705, 8558, 432, 253, 33896, 47, 13, 43456, 46, 2697, 390, 3437, 39, 14, 52, 4910, 13, 1580, 16449, 18, 285, 530, 5942, 19756, 3676, 5553, 7031, 285, 1142, 4973, 275, 253, 47152, 4910, 273, 47144, 14, 47, 3480, 3676, 3921, 6104, 13412, 4622, 2164, 46265, 1906, 5, 78, 1181, 575, 16484, 486, 15, 187, 187, 34937, 436, 2929, 13, 359, 3730, 281, 776, 3410, 347, 3921, 41, 398, 29311, 4622, 544, 2101, 603, 1181, 14, 16191, 11123, 313, 8282, 15121, 481, 844, 4510, 417, 281, 1067, 731, 749, 17993, 33256, 250, 11123, 313, 6955, 15121, 10, 323, 13232, 273, 13775, 342, 253, 9493, 5426, 273, 9947, 40, 4236, 387, 39739, 46265, 1906, 5, 78, 1181, 1253, 18, 15, 21, 2188, 15, 844, 671, 5206, 417, 281, 897, 253, 1307, 29083, 3027, 40, 323, 776, 4973, 1580, 352, 5053, 253, 2714, 35011, 273, 247, 20545, 2624, 327, 253, 3410, 4816, 740, 768, 805, 724, 14598, 45, 5, 2253, 16351, 13488, 1019, 724, 29, 45, 29, 740, 768, 1012, 724, 14598, 45, 5, 2253, 16351, 5, 9899, 481, 1198, 253, 1551, 273, 253, 2929, 13, 667, 3806, 281, 9947, 15121, 10770, 281, 247, 3072, 4236, 387, 39739, 46265, 1906, 5, 78, 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253, 9166, 16, 1706, 361, 650, 1204, 323, 4869, 11225, 7031, 275, 253, 4797, 15, 380, 4332, 7313, 908, 253, 12891, 16, 1976, 361, 36916, 275, 253, 2502, 342, 247, 4275, 2802, 23939, 14, 3433, 262, 457, 11225, 273, 721, 5388, 18221, 28, 253, 4050, 14, 14060, 7313, 908, 253, 9166, 16, 2227, 361, 36916, 275, 253, 2502, 342, 247, 4275, 11225, 273, 854, 8320, 18221, 13, 285, 253, 4050, 14, 17961, 7313, 908, 247, 4275, 11225, 273, 48296, 18221, 15, 1876, 7313, 908, 2590, 15116, 323, 1097, 2502, 285, 4797, 6174, 285, 253, 37378, 10602, 19821, 287, 280, 15, 2053, 873, 8777, 1918, 247, 337, 15, 2693, 18221, 575, 14323, 4761, 275, 253, 4797, 313, 70, 15, 72, 15, 575, 14458, 1034, 273, 8026, 361, 18221, 10, 285, 247, 470, 15, 1438, 18221, 575, 14323, 4761, 275, 253, 2502, 15, 411, 10415, 7031, 323, 1016, 2603, 12848, 407, 697, 1899, 327, 253, 608, 15, 22, 1202, 3181, 5, 24, 15, 25, 575, 3433, 262, 14, 12477, 13, 253, 1599, 11225, 7031, 17751, 432, 46059, 1253, 25, 1518, 18221, 575, 249, 4332, 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targets is [ *not*]{} strongly biased towards high-$z$. There are actually more high-$z$ sources which are not red than are, leading us to believe that the sky sampling is essentially random, despite our efforts to detect more high-$z$ galaxies. The density of $>$3$\sigma$ [Spire]{} sources is also low enough so that our radio, 24[$\mu$m]{} or [Spire]{} color prioritization does not introduce statistically significant selection biases into the sample; in other words, nearly all ($>$90%) the $>$3$\sigma$ [Spire]{} sources within areas covered by slit-masks were spectroscopically observed. We assigned slits for 100% of the very high priority ‘red’ targets, 95% of the high priority targets ($>$500), and 90% of the lower priority targets (300$<p<$500), filling any free space with additional objects not discussed in this paper (radio sources or 24[$\mu$m]{} galaxies with insignificant [Spire]{} fluxes). Any high-priority [Spire]{} sources not observed were only excluded on the basis of the mask configuration, where observing them would bump another high-priority source off a slit. However, the exclusion of high-priority [Spire]{} sources is rare enough that having a few missing from our sample does not impact our completeness, particularly since we find no significant bias towards high-redshift spectroscopic identifications in the high-priority target sub-sample (see C12 for more details on the $z>2$ sub-sample). ![ [**Top:**]{} Distribution of 24[$\mu$m]{} and 1.4GHz radio flux density of our targets. Of our sample, 1319 were primarily identified through 24[$\mu$m]{} emission and 633 of were radio selected. The gray distributions reflect the sources with confirmed spectroscopic redshifts (this number exceeds 767 since some sources are identified as both 24[$\mu$m]{} and radio sources). The spectroscopic success rates for both samples is $\sim$55–60% and does not correlate with flux density. Dashed vertical lines represent average flux density limits of the radio data ($\sim$30[$\mu$Jy]{}) and the 24[$\mu$m]{} data ($\sim$150[$\mu$Jy]{}) in our fields. [**Bottom:**]{} Each target in our survey must be detected at $>$3$\sigma$ in at least one of the three [Spire]{} bands at 250, 350, or 500[$\mu$m]{}. Here we show the 250[$\mu$m]{} signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) against 350[$\mu$m]{} SNR. The 500[$\mu$m]{} SNR scales with the size of the gray circles; if a target is under 3$\sigma$ at 500[$\mu$m]{}, it has no gray circle. Spectroscopically confirmed sources are then marked with red crosses, showing no obvious correspondence between FIR flux density and spectroscopic success rates. []{data-label="fig:spiredist"}](radio24dist.pdf "fig:"){width="0.99\columnwidth"}\ ![ [**Top:**]{} Distribution of 24[$\mu$m]{} and 1.4GHz radio flux density of our targets. Of our sample, 1319 were primarily identified through 24[$\mu$m]{} emission and 633 of were radio selected. The gray distributions reflect the sources with confirmed spectroscopic redshifts (this number exceeds 767 since some sources are identified as both 24[$\mu$m]{} and radio sources). The spectroscopic success rates for both samples is $\sim$55–60% and does not correlate with flux density. Dashed vertical lines represent average flux density limits of the radio data ($\sim$30[$\mu$Jy]{}) and the 24[$\mu$m]{} data ($\sim$150[$\mu$Jy]{}) in our fields. [**Bottom:**]{} Each target in our survey must be detected at $>$3$\sigma$ in at least one of the three [Spire]{} bands at 250, 350, or 500[$\mu$m]{}. Here we show the 250[$\mu$m]{} signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) against 350[$\mu$m]{} SNR. The 500[$\mu$m]{} SNR scales with the size of the gray circles; if a target is under 3$\sigma$ at 500[$\mu$m]{}, it has no gray circle. Spectroscopically confirmed sources are then marked with red crosses, showing no obvious correspondence between FIR flux density and spectroscopic success rates. []{data-label="fig:spiredist"}](snrspire.pdf "fig:"){width="0.99\columnwidth"} Our targets’ distribution in radio flux density and in 24[$\mu$m]{} flux density and [Spire]{} signal-to-noise is shown in Figure \[fig:spiredist\]. Out of 1594 targets, 633 are 1.4GHz identified, 1319 are 24[$\mu$m]{} identified, and 588 are both radio and 24[$\mu$m]{} identified. The sources which are selected in both radio and 24[$\mu$m]{} maps come primarily from the LHN, COSMOS or CDF-S fields, since EN1 and UDS lacks deep radio coverage and many sources in the flanking fields of GOODS-N lack deep [*Spitzer*]{} 24[$\mu$m]{} coverage. Throughout this paper, we refer to our sample as [*Herschel*]{} [ Spire]{}-selected galaxies (HSGs). We prefer not to call them submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) for sake of confusion with the historical definition of SMG selected at 850[$\mu$m]{}–1.4mm. We also choose not to use the term ULIRG for our sources since it places the special qualification of a luminosity cut on the sample ($10^{12}$[[L$_\odot$]{}]{}$<L<10^{13}$[[L$_\odot$]{}]{}). For the rest of the paper, any reference to SMGs refers to a population selected at 850[$\mu$m]{} with $S_{\rm 850}\ge$5mJy. We use this strict definition of the SMG population in order to draw comparisons between ‘classic SMGs’ and HSGs. Spectral Observations and Redshift Identification {#sec:ispire} ================================================= Optical spectroscopic observations were carried out at the W.M. Keck Observatory using LRIS on Keck [I]{} and DEIMOS on Keck [II]{} in 2011 and 2012. LRIS observations were carried out in adequate conditions on 2011-Feb-06 with $\sim$1 seeing and cloud cover, on 2012-Jan-26 and 2012-Jan-27 with $\sim$0.8–1.2 seeing with minor to no cloud cover, and on 2012-Feb-27 with $\sim$0.5-1.0 seeing and no cloud cover. We used the 400/3400 grism for maximum wavelength coverage in the blue. The 2011 observations used the 600/7500 grating in the red with a central ‘multi-slit’ wavelength of 6500Å; the 2012-Jan observations used the 400/8500 grating in the red with a central wavelength of 8400Å, and the 2012-Feb observations used a central wavelength of 8000Å. All observations used clear filters for both red and blue arms and the 560nm dichroic. These setups give a 1.09Å dispersion in the blue (e.g. shortward of 5600Å) and a 0.80Å dispersion in the red. Wavelength coverage for each source varied by its position on the 5.5$\times$7.8 slit-mask, the mean wavelength coverage ranged from 2500–8200Å in 2011 and from 2500Å–1[$\mu$m]{} in 2012 but varied up to $\sim$1300Å for sources on each mask. Due to the dichroic, some sources near the edge of the slit-mask have gaps in wavelength coverage $\sim$800Å wide in the vicinity of 5600Å. We observed a total of 25 LRIS multi-slit masks, 13 of which were observed in near-photometric conditions. LRIS data reduction, including bias subtraction, flat fielding, wavelength calibration, and sky subtraction were all performed using custom-built [IDL]{} routines. Of 664 LRIS targets with $>$3$\sigma$ [Spire]{} detections, 268 were spectroscopically identified. 198 of the identified sources (74%) were confirmed in near-ideal conditions; we add asterisks to the [name]{} column of Table \[tab\_giant\] to distinguish these sources from sources confirmed in poorer weather. DEIMOS observations were carried out in good conditions on 2011-May-28 and 2011-May-29 with $\sim$0.6–0.7 seeing, on 2011-Nov-28 in average to cloudy conditions with $\sim$1.0–1.3 seeing, and on 2012-Feb-16 and 2012-Feb-17 in very cloudy conditions with 1.0-3.0 seeing; we used the 600linesmm$^{-1}$ grating with a 7200Å blaze angle (resulting in dispersion of 0.65Å) and the GG455 filter to block out higher-order light. Wavelength coverage varied with source position on the 5$\times$16.7 slit-mask from 4400–9200Å to 5200–9900Å and averaged to 4850–9550Å. Sixteen of 29 DEIMOS multi-slit masks were observed in near
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from linked administrative data can contribute to other aspects of liver transplant research and service evaluation. For example, it can be included in prognostic models used for risk adjustment when outcomes after liver transplantation between centres are compared. Comorbidity information should be used in conjunction with all other available risk factors to improve the selection and allocation process of liver transplantation. Congestive cardiac failure has a significant effect only on short-term mortality, while cardiovascular disease is associated with increased short-term, mid-term and long-term mortality. Non-hepatic malignancy is associated with higher mortality over the whole follow-up period. It is important that analysis methods allow for potential time-varying effects over a long follow-up period. Liver transplant patients should be managed according to their specific comorbidities and follow-up periods. Our data suggest that with careful screening and management, patients with diabetes and those with renal and pulmonary disease can be safely transplanted with comparable outcomes, while patients with cardiovascular disease have higher risk and should be carefully investigated and managed for its complications in the long term. The authors would like to thank all liver transplant centres for providing data to the UK Liver Transplant Audit. They would also like to thank all those involved in collecting and handling liver transplant data at the National Health Service Blood and Transplant. The UK Liver Transplant Audit is supported by the NHS National Specialised Commissioning Group/NHS England. HES data have been reused with the permission of The Health and Social Care Information Centre. CT is supported by the Faculty Scholarship from Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, and is a recipient of the 'Raymond and Beverly Sackler Studentship' from School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. **Contributors:** CT participated in research design, performed the data and statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. SCC participated in research design and statistical analysis. JvdM participated in research design and drafting the manuscript. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the results, commented on drafts and approved the final manuscript. **Funding:** This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. **Competing interests:** None declared. **Ethics approval:** This study is exempt UK National Research Ethics Service approval as it involved analysis of existing databases of anonymised data for service evaluation. Approval for the use of Hospital Episode Statistics data was obtained as the standard Hospital Episodes Statistics approval process. **Provenance and peer review:** Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed. **Data sharing statement:** The technical appendix and statistical code are available from the corresponding author. CWE Missions CWE-Missions is a non-profit organization providing international assistance through the construction of facilities (churches, medical clinics, and educational institutions). CWE also facilitates medical and agricultural mission trips to minister to people both physically and spiritually.Hypertension in end-stage renal disease: different measures and their prognostic significance. Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension affects the majority of haemodialysis (HD) patients. However, in the absence of prospective data, accurate assessment of blood pressure (BP) and the level to which BP should be targeted remain still to be defined. A direct relationship between volume status and BP as well as between hypervolaemia and morbidity and mortality in HD patients indicates that normovolaemia is the key therapeutic target. Dry-weight reduction by additional ultrafiltration (even in the absence of clinical signs of volume overload) combined with daily dietary salt restriction or individually lowered dialysate sodium is recommended. Strict volume control allows marked reduction of antihypertensive drug treatment or makes it even unnecessary. Long, slow, home HD or frequent, short HD sessions or nocturnal HD also result in reduction of BP and left ventricular hypertrophy in end-stage renal disease patients. It will be interesting to see which recommendations will come from a conference sponsored by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes on optimal BP treatment target in relation to end-organ damage and outcomes in HD patients, on antihypertensive drugs and on non-pharmacological therapies are to be considered in achieving BP targets in this population based on a paucity of prospective data.The cellular clearance theory does not explain the post-dialytic small molecule rebound. (a) To determine the normalized cellular clearance (Kcn) of urea, creatinine and phosphate in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis; (b) To identify the factors, particularly circulatory, which determine Kcn; (c) To evaluate whether intra-dialytic blood sampling can predict the size of the post-dialytic solute concentration rebound. Kinetic modelling of urea, creatinine and phosphate, using a two-pool variable volume computer simulation, was performed on two occasions on 34 patients undergoing maintenance dialysis. The cellular clearance was determined (a) from the size of the rebound 50 min after the end of dialysis; (b) from a mid-dialytic blood sample. Conventional two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography and Doppler peripheral blood pressure measurement were performed. The model produced accurate measurements of rebound Kc for urea in 93% of measurements, creatinine in 49% and phosphate in 13%. The corresponding figures for mid-dialysis Kcn were 76%, 39% and 0%. The rebound Kcn was, for urea, 8.31 +/- 4.31 ml/kg/min, and for creatinine 4.07 +/- 2.98. The mid-dialysis Kcn was, for urea, 8.57 +/- 4.25 ml/kg/min, and for creatinine 5.06 +/- 3.36. High post-dialytic rebounds (and low Kcn values) were associated with erythropoietin use (p < 0.05) and occurrence of end-dialytic hypotension (p < 0.02). Patients treated with calcium antagonists had a significantly (p < 0.001) higher Kcn. There was no correlation between mid-dialysis and rebound Kcn. Circulatory indices had no influence on Kcn. The two-pool cellular clearance model is compatible with urea kinetics, but not creatinine or phosphate. It is therefore unlikely that it is the correct model for small molecule kinetics. The post-dialytic solute rebound may be partly an iatrogenic phenomenon and can be reduced by preventing post-dialytic hypotension and by calcium antagonist treatment, both of which improve regional blood flow. The size of the rebound cannot be predicted by intra-dialytic blood sampling.package com.yoyiyi.soleil.widget.divider; import android.content.Context; import android.content.res.Resources; import android.content.res.TypedArray; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Paint; import android.graphics.Rect; import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; import android.support.annotation.ColorRes; import android.support.annotation.DimenRes; import android.support.annotation.DrawableRes; import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat; import android.support.v7.widget.GridLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager; import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView; import android.view.View; /** * Created by yqritc on 2015/01/08. */ public abstract class FlexibleDividerDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration { private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 2; private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{ android.R.attr.listDivider }; protected enum DividerType { DRAWABLE, PAINT, COLOR } protected DividerType mDividerType = DividerType.DRAWABLE; protected VisibilityProvider mVisibilityProvider; protected PaintProvider mPaintProvider; protected ColorProvider mColorProvider; protected DrawableProvider mDrawableProvider; protected SizeProvider mSizeProvider; protected boolean mShowLastDivider; protected boolean mPositionInsideItem; private Paint mPaint; protected FlexibleDividerDecoration(Builder builder) { if (builder.mPaintProvider != null) { mDividerType = DividerType.PAINT; mPaintProvider = builder.mPaintProvider; } else if (builder.mColorProvider != null) { mDividerType = DividerType.COLOR; mColorProvider = builder.mColorProvider; mPaint = new Paint(); setSizeProvider(builder); } else { mDividerType = DividerType.DRAWABLE; if (builder.mDrawableProvider == null) { TypedArray a = builder.mContext.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS); final Drawable divider = a.getDrawable(0); a.recycle(); mDrawableProvider = new DrawableProvider() { @Override public Drawable drawableProvider(int position, RecyclerView parent) { return divider; } }; } else { mDrawableProvider = builder.mDrawableProvider; } mSizeProvider = builder.mSizeProvider; } mVisibilityProvider = builder.mVisibilityProvider; mShowLastDivider = builder.mShowLastDivider; mPositionInsideItem = builder.mPositionInsideItem; }
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magnetic disk apparatus is reduced, its portability is becoming an important issue and thereby the following problems arise. When the mechanical parts and the electric circuits are contained in the same box, since the number of component parts contained therein increases, the size and the weight of the overall magnetic disk apparatus cannot be satisfactorily reduced. Thus, the portability of the magnetic disk apparatus cannot be improved. In addition, even if the mechanical parts and the electric circuits are mounted in the same box with high density, heat generated from the electric circuits adversely affects the mechanical parts. Moreover, electromagnetic noise generated by the mechanical parts may cause the electric circuits to malfunction. As described above, to reduce the size and the weight of the conventional magnetic disk apparatus, there are problems with respect to the number of the constituting parts, heat generation, and generation of electromagnetic noise. However, it is difficult to solve such problems by a design change of the magnetic disk apparatus. The present invention has been made in view of the above described problems. An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic disk apparatus for preventing the electric circuits from malfunctioning due to heat generated in the box and for further improving the portability thereof.Advertisement Feline care: The next step Nov 01, 2013 By dvm360.com staff dvm360.com Cats and their owners need to feel comfortable in your care, and you want to make sure you and your team are doing everything you can to make that happen. Let clients know you’re feline friendly at your practice by taking these next steps: 1. Show them some love. Is it clear that your clinic loves all things cats—and their owners? If not, try implementing these 5 tips to show these clients you value them and prove you’re a feline-friendly practice. 2. Conquer cat-carrier fear. 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These pre-written Tweets and posts will get you started.My personal suggestion about the ES "the beta nerf for ES is huge and harmful", that what I can conclude "We've seen characters reaching over 25,000 Energy Shield while still having the damage output to sufficiently complete all of the content in the game, compared with the 9,000 Life that a very heavily invested Life character with perfect items could reach." pls show us using photography o video, if posible show the character, I want to fuck him/her and then beg to this guy for exalted o even mirror. I am not a old player and entered POE the essence league, from the beginning I used arc which i was recommended as a new fellow. Now using the ES builds a lot, have tried Chaos Occ, Life RF and ES RF. I choose the ES because I prefer Witch and Shadow, Which two don't have many life nod in the passive tree. The ES builds are, really, expansive. I have burned no less than 200ex for my recently 3 ES builds to reach a decent amount. (the first time I used ES could hardly reach 10k, now three build are one 15k, one 12k, one 11k, the 15k one don't have a very strong regenerate mechanic, 11k one fast recharge, 12k one is RF) When I see the manifiesto, I am shocked. The balance between Life and ES shouldn't be modified by such a direct and violent nerf, this is an effort which produce few good. In the manifiesto GGG you have mentioned that a CI build is using ES substituting Life. I have think for a time: why not make 2 types of defense a bit different? the CI permite the chaos damage which prevent great number of DOT, with some bleed and burning immune flask, the DoT damage wont be a big problem for ES build. Why not add a keystone that remove all ES and give the ability of : can't lose more than #% of maximum life in one hit. the # can be 35, 25, 20 or even less, or make a progression from 50% to 25% which can let player decide how much point to invest. The effectiveness of Armour and evasion should be higher, or people will continue concentrate more on direct boost on the physical reduction and dodge. Now two types of defense wont be substitutable because one is a better defense against Single hit and another is designed for DOT defense. People can choose the one they prefer. In this case the high amount of ES will be reasonable and the low amount of life will be more potencial. This idea is not a perfect one but hope that can be taken into beta. In this case, the life build with be somehow more equal and strong enough to be tanky. The balance can also be reached by modification of those strong bosses, which I have never seen in this game. PS:About the reduce of ES, pls notice that ES cant regenerate by flask and now cant even by leech, in this case the cut of maximum amount seems to be a destruction but not a balance. I personally suggest that the multiple before CI can be replaced by another keystone: 5% the lost life caused by CI become ES, the additional ES is somehow important to reach 12k ES. At last, I hope someone can help me complete my idea. Welcome discussion, though I'm not active lol.Blackberry Lemonade (4 reviews) I’ve joked about the name, but I really have no idea what the phrase “Kill Cliff” is all about. I’m 99% certain that it’s not about killing Cliff Clavin, but who knows; it’s a strange world out there. Maybe the former Navy Seal who created the project really hated the movie Cliffhanger. Maybe he just thinks that cliffhangers are lazy story telling. I certainly have no idea. What I do know is that I feel like I enjoy the way this beverage tastes way more than I should. Erythritol and Stevia may be the least offensive of the zero calorie sweeteners, but they still normally aren’t all that great. In here it doesn’t bother me at all and it complements the other flavors. This has a strong blackberry taste that actually tastes like berries. There is definitely some lemonade floating in there as well, so I have no complaints as to how it is names/branded. I mean I actually really enjoy this, to the extent that if it wasn’t functional I could see myself drinking it on the regular for enjoyment. As it stands I have a case of it that I will be drinking when I work out. There’s nothing artificial in here and it helps in muscle recovery. This is by far the best tasting beverage of this functionality that I have ever tried. I have been in Florida for the past five days and I have not done any reviews. I apologize but it wasn't for lack of trying. Where I was wasn't exactly "bodega friendly" and everywhere I went had stuff we already did. To my surprise, when I went to Wendy's to get a strawberry tea they had this little number. Sure, I wish this was a blackberry tea and not blackberry lemonade but I was hot and needed to cool down with something. This was a good choice but a choice I probably won't make again. Why? Well every sip was very sweet and that's just part of the lemonade. She is naturally a sweet beast and Wendy's "medium" is too large and that is a lot of sugar to ingest. The lemonade was nice, though and the blackberry was quite present in every sip. You could see some "stuff" at the bottom (sugar and lemon bits), which is always good when it comes to lemonade. My thirst was quenched and my temperature dropped but blackberry tea it was not. I know it's not what I ordered but with every sip I wish that it existed. Wendy's if you're reading this, whatever you do to extract the blackberry to put in the lemonade, put it in the tea, too. Your strawberry tea is now a staple every time I go there. The blackberry would instantly and surely surpass that. I am currently a denim demon which means...well it means a few things. Thing one is that I side with Canadians in their outfit of choice. Two is that I have a poor sense of fashion. Third and the most related to my point is that fall is upon us. Sure this is my "go to" outfit for Spring, too, but we're not talking about Spring now, are we? We're talking about Fall so pay attention and stop thinking about Spring. They're like the same season. One is getting warmer while raining all the time and the other is getting colder while raining all the time. There, I put it into perspective. Since fall is clearly upon us, I thought that a good way to go would be the "I'm not done with Summer" route with a lemon
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to thunderbird (like the CD spending example). The idea expressed here forgets that anykind of web-email depends on someone hosting huge email servers somewhere. Are you wanting to provide an out of the box hotmail or yahoo service? Do you think hotmail or yahoo or anybody else will start using it? There are already tons of web-clients (like squirrelmail) try improving them instead. If you want to go out and make an “exciting” software web service company out of email don’t hide behind open source get your own venture capital. I think the mozilla foundation should exist for more than just Firefox. In stead of always factionalizing and duplicating efforts, we should build instituions that can grow and survive. If most of the “buzz” is about firefox (right now, might not be that way 2 years from now), then it can help support other projects inside Mozilla. I still don’t use firefox because it’s klunky and limited. I use the latest version of what the foundation is named after. I think companys would free their old, no-longer profitable code as long as there is an organization to take it over, not just throw it away without any hope of anything coming of it. All of this old code might not live on as seperate, resurected products, but its code can be known, learned from, and provide prior art to protect free software from software patents. I thought that the success of firefox would be used to finance other development projects such as Sunbird and Thunderbird. But apparently the success of Firefox kills the success of the other projects. That is insane and stupid Management. Sunbird is the Thunderbird blocker in the enterprise market. Thunderbird plus Sunbird plus a groupware server (kolab etc.) has the potential to kill the Exchange platform, a giant market. The problem of Open Source is that you need some investment and critical mass to take off. Firefox got the investment.My hrother-in-law had one just like that. It saved my nieces life one night when she was driving it home from work and a full size horse jumped in front of her at sbout 40 mph. Killed the horse, and the jeep couldn't be saved, but my niece walked away with just a few bruises.My brother-in-law still grieves for that jeep. What a coincidence. I was just thinking recently that if I had time for another project that I would like to get another one of those. (We used to have a '77 that looked a lot like that). I even looked on eBay one night to see what was out there. It would be cool to have an oldy - > to pull the trailer, without all today's wiz-bang gadgets and electronics that I will never take the time to figure out. My cousin had one (early 1980's maybe late 1970's)and I got to tide in the backseat to the pizza store once...crazy vehicle...his had leather seats...360 engine...electric windows I think too....he sold it to so he could pay off his new to him boat... What a coincidence. I was just thinking recently that if I had time for another project that I would like to get another one of those. (We used to have a '77 that looked a lot like that). I even looked on eBay one night to see what was out there. It would be cool to have an oldy - > to pull the trailer, without all today's wiz-bang gadgets and electronics that I will never take the time to figure out. Actually it is in decent shape for being 40. Passenger floor needs work, rusted through there but the rest of it is pretty decent. Had my exhaust redone from the manifolds back. What was on there was 2 inch and the stock Y pipe was cut, plugged and then ran out the back. New one is 2.5 inch to the end of the transmission then goes down to 2.25. Added mirrors! This is how it was since I bought it, all it had was the tiny drivers door mirror, no passenger side and the interior fell off. Now I have all three. The stock one will stay on until I make a cover plate for it. Other then that just minor stuff done to it. Still need to get it running right. Need to replace the ignition points (I have never done it, my 2A has electric ignition.) and tune the carb. I miss having a garage. You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot create polls in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forumField of the Invention The present invention relates to a vibration control apparatus, a lithography apparatus, and a method of manufacturing an article. Description of the Related Art In a lithography apparatus for forming a pattern on a substrate, the vibration of the main body of the lithography apparatus caused by the vibration of a base (floor) or the like may deteriorate the overlay precision, the image resolving performance or fidelity of a formed pattern, or the like. To cope with this, the lithography apparatus can use a vibration control apparatus for controlling the vibration of an object such as a surface plate on which the main body is mounted. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-21190 discloses a vibration reduction apparatus which reduces the vibration of an object supported by a base via a support (for example, a gas spring) for passively damping a vibration from the base. The vibration reduction apparatus includes an actuator for driving the object and a sensor for detecting the vibration of the object, and performs negative feedback control of the actuator based on the detection result of the sensor. This can reduce the vibration transferred from the base to the object at the natural frequency of the support. In the above-described vibration control apparatus, if the damping coefficient of the support is not considered, the performance of controlling the vibration of the object may deteriorate.t integer? 213 What is 170199 to the power of 1/5, to the nearest integer? 11 What is the fifth root of 860695 to the nearest integer? 15 What is 260172 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer? 510 What is 447003 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer? 76 What is 412016 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer? 642 What is the tenth root of 12632535 to the nearest integer? 5 What is 267923 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer? 518 What is the sixth root of 9794615 to the nearest integer? 15 What is the seventh root of 985395 to the nearest integer? 7 What is the square root of 185124 to the nearest integer? 430 What is the cube root of 659905 to the nearest integer? 87 What is 10611351 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer? 3258 What is 21045942 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer? 4588 What is 532769 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer? 730 What is 1064015 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer? 1032 What is the square root of 32666206 to the nearest integer? 5715 What is 15941833 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer? 3993 What is 148912 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer? 53 What is the third root of 72963 to the nearest integer? 42 What is the square root of 1801765 to the nearest integer? 1342 What is 18452086 to the power of 1/8, to the nearest integer? 8 What is the square root of 1067213 to the nearest integer? 1033 What is the tenth root of 215443 to the nearest integer? 3 What is the cube root of 879668 to the nearest integer? 96 What is the third root of 6691913 to the nearest integer? 188 What is the square root of 105921 to the nearest integer? 325 What is the cube root of 61540 to the nearest integer? 39 What is the third root of 1099185 to the nearest integer? 103 What is 6682795 to the power of 1/2, to the nearest integer? 2585 What is the cube root of 4910723 to the nearest integer? 170 What is the cube root of 1398674 to the nearest integer? 112 What is the square root of 3803099 to the nearest integer? 1950 What is 1423145 to the power of 1/7, to the nearest integer? 8 What is the tenth root of 246686 to the nearest integer? 3 What is 553329 to the power of 1/10, to the nearest integer? 4 What is 2420630 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer? 134 What is the fourth root of 245510 to the nearest integer? 22 What is 4044243 to the power of 1/5, to the nearest integer? 21 What is 12976518 to the power of 1/3, to the nearest integer? 235 What is
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.S. Department of Energy (primarily DE-FG02-05ER64053; partially R33-CA112151 and 1U19AI68021-06). This study received additional support from the MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences \[National Institutes of Health (NIH) ES02109\] and NIH (P01-CA026731)\]. W.O. received partial support from an APART fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and D.W.-B. was supported by the NIH/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) Interdepartmental Biotechnology Training Program (GM008334). The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests. [^1]: Current address: Department of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany. FAQ: 1. Can I get some samples? A: Sure, it is our honor to offer samples in advance.2. How does your factory control related quality? A: We always give priority to quality in the process of production.3. May I go to visit your factory? A: Of couse.We welcom you to.4. What about the lead time for mass production? A:Honestly, it depends on the order quantity and the season you place the order. Generally speaking, production lead time is within 10-15days.5. What`s the information should I let you know if I want to get a full quotation? A:Bag price depends on the bag type,size,material,thickness,printing colors,quantity. Welcome to negotiate ! Looking for ideal German Shepherd Dog Food Manufacturer & supplier ? We have a wide selection at great prices to help you get creative. All the Premium Wild Dog Food are quality guaranteed. We are China Origin Factory of German Shepherd Dog Food. If you have any question, please feel free to contact us.Q: Alternative definition of strong/weak operator topology. Given two normed spaces $(X, ||\cdot||_X)$ and $(Y,||\cdot||_Y)$ the space of bounded linear maps $\mathcal{B}(X,Y)$ can be equipped with the strong operator topology (SOT) as follows: The initial topology with respect to[*] The topology induced by the family $S := \{s_x : x \in X\}$, $$s_x : \begin{cases} &\mathcal{B}(X,Y) &\to &[0,\infty) \\ &T &\mapsto &||T(x)||_Y \end{cases} $$ (Definition taken from my lecture notes, but seem to coincide with Operator topologies - Wikipedia) $S$ is a separating family of seminorms, so this yields a locally-convex topological vector space. In a similar fashion, we can define the weak operator topology (WOT) as The initial topology with respect to $W :=\{w_{x,y'} : x \in X, y' \in Y'\}$. $$w_{x,y'} : \begin{cases} &\mathcal{B}(X,Y) &\to &\mathbb{C} \\ &T &\mapsto &y'(T(x)) \end{cases} $$ $Y'$ representing the topological dual space of $Y$. Now my questions are: Why do we have to go all the way to $[0,\infty)$ and $\mathbb{C}$, respectively? Could these topologies be defined as the initial topologies with respect to the family $P:= \{ p_x : x \in X\}$ of pointwise evaluation $$p_x : \begin{cases} &\mathcal{B}(X,Y) &\to &(Y,\mathcal{T}) \\ &T &\mapsto &T(x) \end{cases} $$ only this time we equip $Y$ with either the norm topology $\mathcal{T} := \mathcal{T}_{||\cdot||_Y}$ or the weak topology $\mathcal{T} := \mathcal{T}_w$ instead? and also Wikipedia describes the weak-topology in a slightly different way, namely using extra absolute values $$|W| :=\{|w_{x,y'}| : x \in X, y' \in Y'\}.$$ Are there any benefits in doing this? (I guess this has something to do with the connection of separating families of seminorms and point separating subspaces of the algebraic dual.) *Edit: As Daniel pointed out the "topology induced by a family of seminorms" is different from "the initial topology with respect to the seminorms". A: Yes, we could also define the strong resp. weak operator topologies as the initial topology with respect to the evaluation maps $p_x$, where $Y$ is endowed with the strong resp. weak topology. For the weak operator topology that is obvious from the transitivity of initial topologies, since the weak topology is just the initial topology with respect to the family $\{ y' : y' \in Y'\}$. For the strong operator topology, we can't use such an abstract argument, unfortunately, because the strong topology on $Y$ is not the initial topology with respect to $\lVert\,\cdot\,\rVert_Y \colon Y \to [0,\infty)$. At this point, let me remark that the strong operator topology also is (generally) not the initial topology with respect to the family $\{ s_x \colon T \mapsto \lVert Tx\rVert_Y \mid x \in X\}$. A neighbourhood of $S \in B(X,Y)$ with respect to that initial topology is of the form $$\left\lbrace T : \lvert \lVert Tx_i\rVert_Y - \lVert Sx_i\rVert_Y\rvert < \varepsilon, \; 1\leqslant i \leqslant n \right\rbrace\tag{1}$$ for some finite family $\{x_1,\dotsc,x_n\} \subset X$, while the neighbourhoods in the strong operator topology are of the form $$\left\lbrace T : \lVert Tx_i - Sx_i\rVert_Y < \varepsilon, \; 1\leqslant i \leqslant n \right\rbrace,\tag{2}$$ and such a neighbourhood rarely contains a set of the form $(1)$. The initial topology with respect to $\{s_x\}$ cannot distinguish between operators that differ by an isometry of $Y$. The strong operator topology is the topology induced by the seminorms $s_x$, not the initial topology with respect to these. Back to the possibility to define the strong operator topology as the initial topology with respect to the evaluation maps $p_x$: The evaluation maps are continuous with respect to the strong operator topology, hence that is finer than the initial topology. Conversely, a neighbourhood of $S\in B(X,Y)$ of the form $(2)$ can be written as $$\bigcap_{i=1}^n p_{x_i}^{-1}\left(B_\varepsilon(p_{x_i}(S))\right),$$ which is open in the initial topology, so the initial topology is also finer than the strong operator topology, hence the two are equal. Wikipedia describes the weak-topology in a slightly different way, namely using extra absolute values $$\lvert W\rvert := \{\lvert w_{x,y'}\rvert : x\in X, y' \in Y'\}.$$ Are there any benefits in doing this? (I guess this has something to do with the connection of separating families of seminorms and point separating subspaces of the algebraic dual.) Yes, in that way you have seminorms that define the topology. On the other hand, that means the weak operator topology is (generally) not the initial topology with respect to $\lvert W\rvert$. There are benefits to both approaches/definitions. Defining the topologies as initial topologies gives direct access to the general topological facts about initial topologies, and defining them as the topologies induced by a family of seminorms gives direct access to the theorems about locally convex topologies. The theorems about locally convex topologies are more important (and, I dare say, also better known in the target audience) for analysts working with the various operator topologies, so altogether, defining the topologies by the seminorms seems preferable. Q: Spaghettification on an atomic scale? Spaghettification occurs when an object approaches a singularity. As one comes close enough to the singularity, the gravity at the feet (if this is a human) is greater than that at the head, stretching the human (or object in general). Questions Does this happen to all objects which have mass? Assume an atom is getting sucked into the black hole. Would it rip the atom to pieces? If not, why not? Links: Spaghettification Black holes and tidal forces A: Anything above elementary particles should in theory be ripped apart, yes. Talking about elementary particles themselves or even just the separation of hadrons or baryons is a whole different story. Because we lack an understanding of black holes at a quantum mechanical level it is surprisingly difficult to actually examine spaghettification at these fundamental levels. In order to operate efficiently as possible, wind turbines, and wind turbine blades in particular, are routinely inspected, cleaned, repaired, and generally maintained. Such routine inspections, cleaning, repair, and maintenance generally require at least one worker to gain access to the wind
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7 Let k(p) = p**2 + 18*p + 26. Determine k(0). 26 Let n(k) = -2*k + 9. Determine n(6). -3 Let n(w) = -w**2 + 2*w + 1. Give n(0). 1 Let n(l) = 2*l + 137. Calculate n(-25). 87 Let w(m) = 20*m + 11. What is w(10)? 211 Let j(d) = d**3 - 16*d**2 + 63*d + 9. What is j(9)? 9 Let v(x) = 2*x**2 + 13*x - 5. Give v(-8). 19 Let b(z) = 2*z**2 - 30*z - 3. Give b(15). -3 Let w(u) = u**3 - 25*u**2 + 25*u - 35. Give w(24). -11 Let w(z) = -z**3 - 5*z**2 - z - 1. Give w(-2). -11 Let f(s) = -31*s - 41. Determine f(-5). 114 Let a(t) = -t**3 + 9*t**2 + 14*t - 15. Determine a(10). 25 Let j(n) = -n**3 - 12*n**2 - 11*n - 31. What is j(-11)? -31 Let o(u) = u**3 - 11*u**2 + 8*u - 5. Determine o(11). 83 Let x(k) = k**3 - 14*k**2 + k + 19. Calculate x(14). 33 Let u(t) = t**3 + 3*t**2 - 4*t - 2. Calculate u(-4). -2 Let j(o) = -3*o - 77. Calculate j(-24). -5 Let i(s) = 2*s**2 - 4. What is i(4)? 28 Let w(v) = -2*v**2 + 2*v - 2. Calculate w(4). -26 Let w(j) = j**3 + 27*j**2 - 32*j - 47. Determine w(-28). 65 Let n(m) = -4*m**3 - 4*m**2 + 8*m + 2. Give n(3). -118 Let v(d) = 5*d**3 + 2*d**2 + 2*d - 3. Give v(1). 6 Let h(a) = -a**3 + 2*a**2 + 2. What is h(4)? -30 Let l(a) = a**3 - 3*a**2 + a - 6. What is l(3)? -3 Let w(c) = 5*c**2 + 2*c - 2. Calculate w(1). 5 Let p(x) = -x**3 + 4*x**2 + 3*x + 7. Determine p(6). -47 Let m(l) = 2*l**2 + 2*l. Calculate m(2). 12 Let c(v) = 2*v**2 + 3*v + 2. Give c(-1). 1 Let c(j) = -10*j - 10. Determine c(3). -40 Let r(p) = -p**2 - 7. Calculate r(-8). -71 Let a(z) = 3*z**2 - 14*z + 2. Determine a(6). 26 Let c(h) = -h**3 - h**2 - 3*h + 4. Determine c(-3). 31 Let q(v) = 4*v + 28. Determine q(-9). -8 Let o(f) = 10*f - 468. Calculate o(47). 2 Let u(n) = 5*n - 85. What is u(19)? 10 Let f(p) = -6*p + 1. Determine f(1). -5 Let o(r) = -4*r**2 + 12*r - 2. Calculate o(-4). -114 Let q(h) = -3*h - 7. Calculate q(-13). 32 Let z(o) = 28*o - 10. Determine z(-3). -94 Let j(u) = -u**3 - 6*u**2 + 7*u - 11. Determine j(-7). -11 Let p(m) = -4*m + 43. Calculate p(12). -5 Let y(f) = f**2 + 24*f + 139. Determine y(-9). 4 Let s(p) = -2*p**2 + 8*p + 65. Give s(-4). 1 Let r(t) = -3*t - 7. Give r(-4). 5 Let k(r) = -r**2 - 30*r + 44. Calculate k(-30). 44 Let k(l) = l**3 - 8*l**2 - 6*l - 8. What is k(9)? 19 Let w(j) = 7*j**2 - 73*j + 20. Determine w(10). -10 Let q(g) = 4*g**2 + 22*g + 21. Calculate q(-3). -9 Let d(i) = i**3 + 7*i**2 - 3*i - 24. Calculate d(-6). 30 Let p(d) = 2*d**2 - 3*d - 49. What is p(6)? 5 Let l(p) = -5*p - 184. Give l(-30). -34 Let s(j) = -j*The renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system (RAAS) is an elegant cascade of vasoactive peptides that orchestrate key processes in human physiology. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and SARS-CoV-2, which have been responsible for the SARS epidemic in 2002 to 2004 and for the more recent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, respectively, interface with the RAAS through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an enzyme that physiologically counters RAAS activation but also functions as a receptor for both SARS viruses.^[@r1],[@r2]^ The interaction between the SARS viruses and ACE2 has been proposed as a potential factor in their infectivity,^^[@r3],[@r4]^^ and there are concerns about the use of RAAS inhibitors that may alter ACE2 and whether variation in ACE2 expression may be in part responsible for disease virulence in the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.^[@r5]^ Indeed, some media sources and health systems have recently called for the discontinuation of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), both prophylactically and in the context of suspected Covid-19. Given the common use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs worldwide, guidance on the use of these drugs in patients with Covid-19 is urgently needed. Here, we highlight that the data in humans are too limited to support or refute these hypotheses and concerns. Specifically, we discuss the uncertain effects of RAAS blockers on ACE2 levels and activity in humans, and we propose an alternative hypothesis that ACE2 may be beneficial rather than harmful in patients with lung injury. We also explicitly raise the concern that withdrawal of RAAS inhibitors may be harmful in certain high-risk patients with known or suspected Covid-19. Covid-19 and Older Adults with Coexisting Conditions {#sc1} ==================================================== Initial reports^[@r5]^ have called attention to the potential overrepresentation of hypertension among patients with Covid-19. In the largest of several case series from China that have been released during the Covid-19 pandemic (Table S1 in the [Supplementary Appendix](#ap1){ref-type="app"}, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org), hypertension was the most frequent coexisting condition in 1099 patients, with an estimated prevalence of 15%^[@r9]^; however, this estimate appears to be lower than the estimated prevalence of hypertension seen with other viral infections^[@r10]^ and in the general population in China.^[@r11],[@r12]^ Coexisting conditions, including hypertension, have consistently been reported to be more common among patients with Covid-19 who have had severe illness, been admitted to the intensive care unit, received mechanical ventilation, or died than among patients who have had mild illness. There are concerns that medical management of these coexisting conditions, including the use of RAAS inhibitors, may have contributed to the adverse health outcomes observed. However, these conditions appear to track closely with advancing age,^[@r13]^ which is emerging as the strongest predictor of Covid-19--related death.^[@r14]^ Unfortunately, reports to date have not rigorously accounted for age or other key factors that contribute to health as potential confounders in risk prediction. With other infective illnesses, coexisting conditions such as hypertension have been key prognostic determinants,^[@r10]^ and this also appears to
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Նա լրիվ թևաթափ եղած եկավ ու ասաց. «Սա իմ տեղը չէ»: Եկել էր իսկության պահը, որին երկու բան նպաստեց: Նախ, ես հասկացա, որ այլևս չունեմ այդ զգացողությունը: Հասկանո՞ւմ եք: Ես այդ զգացողությունը չունեի, իսկ նա ուներ, և ես հասկանում էի նրա ապրումները: Եվ երկրորդ` սա իր տեղն էր: Նա կարող է ձևացնել` մինչև որ ամեն ինչ ստացվի: Եվ ես ասացի նրան. «Ո´չ, սա քո տեղն է: Դու պե´տք է մնաս այստեղ: Եվ վաղը դու կձեւացնես ավելի ուժեղ, ավելի ինքնավստահ կդառձնես քեզ Slovak: Takže som to tak urobila. Päť rokov na postgraduálnom štúdiu, pár rokov som bola na Northwestern, presunula som sa na Harvard, som na Harvarde, už nad tým ani nepremýšľam, no dlho som si myslela, "Nemala by som tu byť. Nemala by som tu byť." Takže po prvom roku na Harvarde študentka, ktorá celý semester na kurze vôbec nerozprávala, ktorej som povedala, "Pozri, budeš sa musieť zapájať, inak neprejdeš," prišla do mojej kancelárie. Vôbec som ju nepoznala. Prišla s výrazom porazeného bojovníka a povedala, "Nemala by som tu byť." A to bola pre mňa tá chvíľa. Pretože sa stali dve veci. Po prvé som si uvedomila, oh môj bože, už sa tak necítim. Už to necítim, ale ona áno, a viem aké to je. A po druhé, ona tu má byť! Môže to predstierať, môže sa tým stať. Takže som jej povedala, "Áno, máš! Máš tu byť! A zajtra to budeš predstierať, budeš pôsobiť silne a Estonian: mõne aasta olin Northwesternis siis läksin Harvardisse, olen Harvardis, ma enam ei mõtle sellele, kuid pikka aega tundsin, et ma ei peaks siin olema. Mu esimese Harvardis oldud aasta lõpus üks tudeng, kes polnud kogu semestri jooksul sõnagi öelnud ja kellel käskisin hakata osalema või muidu langeb ta välja, tuli minu kabinetti. Ma tõesti ei tundnud teda üldse. Ta tuli täiesti norgus ja ütles: "Ma ei peaks siin olema." Ja see oli mu jaoks äratundmishetk. Sest juhtus kaks asja. Esiteks, ma avastasin imestusega, et ma ise ei tunnegi enam nii. Mina ei tunne, aga tema tunneb ja ma tean seda tunnet. Teiseks, ta peab siin olema! Ta võib teeselda, kuni see saab tõeks. Niisiis ütlesin: "Jah, sa pead siin olema! Ja homme hakkad teesklema seda, sa paned end maksma ja... French: C’est ce que j’ai fait. Cinq années après mon diplôme, quelques années, puis je suis à Northwestern. Je déménage à Harvard, je suis à Harvard ; Je n’y pense plus maintenant, mais j’y ai longtemps pensé : « Je ne suis pas à ma place. Je ne suis pas sensé être ici. » À la fin de ma première année d’enseignement à Harvard une étudiante qui n’avait pas parlé en classe du semestre, — à qui j’avais dit : « Tu dois participer où tu va échouer » — est venu à mon bureau. Je ne la connais vraiment pas. Elle est entrée complètement découragée et elle a dit : « Je ne suis pas à ma place ici. » Ça été une révélation pour moi. Deux choses sont arrivées. J’ai d’abord réalisé : « Je ne me sens plus comme ça. » Vous savez. Je ne me sens plus comme ça, mais elle oui et je peux ressentir la sensation. Puis j’ai constaté : « Elle est à sa place ici ». Elle peut faire comme-si, elle peut le devenir. J’ai dit : « Oui tu l’es, tu es à ta place ici ! » Et demain tu vas faire comme-si, tu vas te faire puissante, et tu sais Mongolian: Би ийм л арга хэрэглэсэн. Нортуэстерн Их Сургуулийн магистрт таван жил, дараа нь Харвард руу шилжсэн. Одоо бодохоо больсон ч өмнө нь байнга: "Би энд байх ёсгүй шүү дээ" гэж боддог байлаа. Харвардад очсон эхний жилийн сүүлд бүтэн семестрийн турш дуугараагүй нэг оюутанд би: "Чи хичээлд оролцохгүй бол муу авах нь байна" гэсэн. Түүнийг миний ажлын өрөөнд орж ирэхэд огт таньдаггүй байсан юм. Тэр бүр сэтгэлээр унасан байсан
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to all our readers or website and social media visitors that they could reasonably expect for themselves identical (or equivalent) results to those portrayed in the "Before and After" photographs.Year of Call Education Jessica Zagar Jessica Zagar is an associate in our Litigation Group, practicing in the area of civil and commercial litigation. She was also a summer and articling student at the firm. In her litigation practice, she has been actively involved in cases involving intellectual property and copyright matters. Jessica has acted as counsel before various administrative tribunals and at various levels of Court representing a broad spectrum of clients ranging from Canadian copyright collectives, media outlets, large and small publicly-traded companies and private corporations in a variety of industries. Jessica’s strengths lie in her attention to detail and focus on achieving creative and practical solutions for her clients. Some of Jessica’s notable experience includes: Represented copyright collectives in tariff proceedings before the Copyright Board of Canada Represented a significant ethnic specialty television service in a lawsuit involving the unauthorized use of its program content and broadcast signals Represented a group of Canada’s biggest news publishers arising from allegations of copyright infringement and breach of the terms of use of their websites Assisted with successfully obtaining a contempt order against a director of a defendant corporation that required the contemnor to make restitution to the plaintiffs in excess of one million dollars While in law school, Jessica was the recipient of a number of awards for academic achievement, including a prize in debtor creditor law. Jessica has also volunteered with the Canadian Liver Foundation and Skate Canada.# Backwards compatibility changes Changes affecting version compatibility with former or future versions. ## Changes * Published date of the content behaviour has been changed to reflect the time of the publishing of the first version. Before, if the publishedDate was not set manually, it was being set to the publishing time of the latest version. ## Deprecations * EzSystems\PlatformInstallerBundle\Installer\Installer::createConfiguration() As part of EZP-25369 this method has been deprecated an is not in use anymore. Installers are now not allowed to generate system config. Configuration & code generation will be kept separated from database and content installation going forward. * Passing an `int` argument to the `HostElement` and `URIElement` SiteAccess Matchers constructor is deprecated and will be removed in the future, a single-element array ( 'value' => $number ) should be used instead. ## Removed features I wonder if it would be possible to include a counting of how many times the video has been stream.I could really use this, when watching anime and tv-series becouse i allways forgot what episode i watched last.-4*t - 4*m + 8 = 0 for t. -3 Let u = 1 + 9. Suppose 7*k + 231 = 63. Let g = -20 - k. Solve 3*a - u = -5*t + 3, 0 = 2*t - g*a for t. 2 Let d be (9/27)/(11/165). Solve 0 = -c - b + 2, -d = -5*b - 15 for c. 4 Let y(l) = l**2 - 1. Suppose -4 = 2*g + 2*j, -5*g + 1 - 19 = -3*j. Let b be y(g). Solve 2*q - 4*p - 4 = 0, -4*q + 0*p + b = p for q. 2 Let k be -6 - -17 - (-81)/(-9). Solve -2*b = b + r - 15, 0 = 2*b - k*r - 10 for b. 5 Suppose 99*d - 116*d + 374 = 0. Let k be 2 - (0 + 0)*1. Solve -d = -3*a + 4*u, 2*a - 4 - 8 = k*u for a. 2 Suppose -5*x = 15 - 0. Let h be -12*((-9)/(-6))/x. Solve -h = 5*r + 4*m, -5*m - 5 = 5*r - 0*r for r. -2 Let j be 1*-8*3*(-6)/36. Let r = -5 + 5. Suppose 3*f + 3*x - 12 = r, 5*f + 4 - 33 = 4*x. Solve -3*b + 0*b + f*t - 37 = 0, 4*t = j*b + 36 for b. -4 Suppose 3*o - 2 = 22. Suppose 8 = 4*d + 2*p, -8*p + 10 = 5*d - 3*p. Solve 2*b - r = -4*r - 16, 0 = d*r + o for b. -2 Let t = -1 + 25. Suppose -16 = -5*l + t. Suppose 0 = 4*s - s + c - l, 5*s - c = 0. Solve 0 = 4*n + 4*w - 4, w - 2*w = -3*n - s for n. 0 Let p(l) be the second derivative of -10*l + 1/20*l**5 - 2/3*l**3 - 1/2*l**4 - 1/2*l**2 + 0. Let f be p(7). Solve -4*j + z = 3*z - f, -z = j - 6 for j. 4 Let b be ((-2)/(-4))/(-1)*0. Suppose b*y + 3*y = -3. Let t be 6*y/(-4)*2. Solve p = 3*c - 7*c + 3, 0 = t*c - p - 11 for c. 2 Let d be -3*1/(-3)*(1 + 1). Solve d*l + l + s + 13 = 0, l + 4*s = -19 for l. -3 Let r(j) = j**3 + 4*j**2 - 6*j - 5. Let t be r(-5). Solve t = -3*v + 4*x - 2, 4*x + 14 - 2 = -4*v for v. -2 Let j(r) = -3*r**2 - 3*r + 2*r + 4*r**2 - 20 + 0*r**2. Let u be j(-4). Solve 3*q + 8 = -0*c + 4*c, -2*c + 2*q + 2 = u for c. 5 Let d = 34 + 8. Suppose -5*s = -48 - d. Let v(a) = 9*a - 10. Let w be v(5). Solve 5*m + s = -4*n - 19, 4*m + 5*n = -w for m. -5 Suppose 4*f = -12, 5*a - 4*f = 9 + 13. Solve -4*n = -6*u + 3*u + 13, a*n = 4*u - 14 for u. 3 Let g(m) = 7*m - 58. Let u be g(15). Let v = 71 - u. Solve -2*l + 5*j - 5 = 0, -5*j = 4*l + v + 1 for l. -5 Suppose -30*u = -34*u - 5*y + 5, 0 = 3*u - y + 1. Solve u = -4*j - j + 4*f - 6, 0 = 2*j + 4*f - 20 for j. 2 Suppose -2*m + 3*m - 1 = 0, -4*h + m + 7 = 0. Let t be (15/(-9))/(h/18*-3). Solve 4*g = -g + t*s + 30, -6 = 3*s for g. 4 Let m = 356 - 340. Solve 2*j = -5*g - 13, -j + 4*j + m = -4*g for g. -1 Let z = -5 - -5. Let a = 4 + z. Let t be 1 + (-1 - 0) + 0. Solve -6*d + 4*d - a = 3*f, 5*f + 10 = t for d. 1 Suppose -586*p + 585*p = -1. Solve 2*l - 11 = -p, -g - l + 4 = 0 for g. -1 Suppose 2*m - 101 = -3*m - s, -2*s = 5*m - 102. Suppose -m = j - 11*j. Solve 4*k = -g - 0 + j, 6 = 3*g - 2*k for g. 2 Suppose -4*h = b - 2*h - 4, -5*b + 4*h + 6 = 0. Solve -5*r - 5*j + 9 = -16, -b*r + 4*j + 4 = 0 for r. 4 Suppose 9*p = 6*p - 5*m - 257, -
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. It gives life a meaning. It is a ‘perversely clever copy of that transcendent peace of God.’” That is an interesting quote from Christopher Caldwell. My own thought is that these things cannot be easily formulaized or explained. But I think it’s clear we’re seeing a general trend toward an escalation of expectations of happiness, wealth, and excitement. StubbornThings is by no means a Buddhist site. We (that’s a royal “we”) view Buddhism as a crude toolbox from which certain tools can be borrowed with the awareness of not trying to use a screwdriver as a hammer or examine your navel too closely. But (consistent with the Christian outlook) we should learn to expect and accept a certain amount of suffering. We should, in a paraphrase of Pascal, try to be at peace with sitting alone in room quietly without the constant thrill of text messaging. Such things are an antidote (or at least a push-back) to becoming despondent to the point of suicide or addiction (both are related) because of expectations that are too unrealistic. And we live in an age where we are bombarded 24/7 with images of The Good Life. It is human nature to be competitive and to measure ourselves by what others have. To a certain extent, this this good. But what we are often measuring against is a totally fabricated image. As Mr. Kung has noted, our advertising is specifically designed to give us a sense of needing something. Another way of saying that is that all good advertising makes our life seem inadequate as it exists now. I would even be careful about seeking peace with God. I’m not sure God has designed a world that is particularly conducive to peace. But certainly that way our society is currently structured is favorable to the opposite. During the 70s there was a similar upsurge in the misuse/abuse of prescription drugs. Supposed to be attributable to narcotics given to returning vets from Nam. Regulations flew at random, random ducked, and the regulations hit everyone else-prices went up and somehow the media discovered it suddenly was not the problem they had made it. We can debate the morality of drug use, but like it or not drugs are a reality of society, even in repressive states like N Korea. In my opinion, Steve, no American should be too willing to relegate himself to an underclass. And that’s what drugs do. Becoming a drug culture of slobbering, mind-addled zombies might be good enough for Amsterdam but it’s not good enough for America and Americans. We used to be the land people would escape to when their own homelands proved oppressive or lacking in opportunity. Now we Americans, being oppressed in many ways now, are making excuses for taking drugs as a way out instead of fighting the good fight. I agree 100%, however, I suspect that there is propaganda involved and government, being the beast that it is, will discover more regulation/laws are necessary. Laws and regulations will grow and the reporting of the problem will be relegated to back pages and forgotten. The very real fallout will be that people who really need the drugs will have more trouble getting them and addicts will stay the same percentage of population it has always been, but every one will pay more. The answer at the moment is that the present government cannot be trusted to solve the drug problem. The government *is* a sort of runaway drug addict…on our money and its own power. But note that what I said above did not narrow down the problem via the Libertarian lens which seems to be, “If government can’t stop it then it must be okie-dokie to do it.” What I would say in regards to fixing it is to first decide amongst ourselves that not doing drugs and finding other options to deal with life’s difficulties is the word we should spread to others, particularly young people. We need to be the adults in the room. First it is necessary to persuade the 20-30% of Americans who use and misuse these drugs to stop. If there is no market there will not be providers. Morphine and its side products were readily available in the late 19th century even in soft drinks (Coke). Addiction was a known concern among doctors. I don’t have the numbers, and I doubt there are reliable stats anyway, but my gut feeling is the per capita drug use was about the same percentage of population. That is not to say its not a real concern, or that we should just write off drug users, but we should realize that its more of a human problem and not a culture problem. Any culture that claims they don’t have a drug problem, is living in a fantasy world. You will find several episodes of Babylon 5 deals with the same problems I think in season 4. Then there are the Dune novels. Frank Herbert suggests a galactic culture dependent on a drug from a singular source that prolongs life and is addictive, a Hobson’s choice if there ever was one. You will no doubt recall Sherlock Holmes’s use of cocaine and morphine when he lacked any other stimulation (i.e., a nice mystery to solve). There was no indication that he became addicted and eventually he stopped using them (no doubt because of his busier schedule). Explaining this was the point of Nicholas Meyer’s The Seven Percent Solution. Melange wasn’t addictive in very small quantities (something like 3 grams a day per kilogram of body weight, as I recall). Not only did it help prolong life, but in larger quantities it was helpful in predicting the future. Speaking of sci-fi drugs that will prolong life, the 9th episode of season one of “Babylon 5” (that’s a lot of numbers there) was about basically the galaxy’s equivalent of Josef Mengele times one billion. This war criminal is spotted on Babylon 5 and one contingent (the non-aligned planets) want her tried. The other main races (all with questionable motives) vote “no” accept for the humans. But then the human already have a deal with her to let her develop her never-aging, all-disease-curing, drug. She’s supposedly doing this to save the reputation of her race which has been wiped out except for her. The catch in the story is that (surprise) she has ulterior motives. It turns out that a key ingredient of the drug has to come from killing someone. So for every one person to gain immortally, one person must die. This drug is actually her revenge on her foes as she foresees a chaos of endless rampant killing. One of the advanced and mysteries races (the Vorlon) put the kibosh on this at the end (killing the evil alien chick) stating the these races were not yet ready for immortality. I think drugs should be illegal. But just as important is teaching people about alternatives to drugs and supporting them in this effort. But then there is probably no cure for escapism. Still, it’s a noble cause to welcome another human being into the world of normalcy and help them to cope without escapism. As hard as things often are, drugs are truly a dead-end. The price for their short-term relief is a literal death of who you are. I’m in no position to write laws. But surely I can light at least one small candle with the idea that we have a sacred duty to steer our fellow man away from destructive behavior through personal persuasion if nothing else. Instead of evading our responsibility and normalizing what should not be normalized, we need to clear the fog away and realize just how destructive drugs are. There is another life for each person to live that does not include these things. It may not be the perfect or easy life. But it will be a real life. You will not be lost in a fog. And when good fortune or opportunities do arise, one will then be in a better position to latch onto them and thus be nourished by the good instead of forever poisoned to it. This theme — some must be killed that others may live — shows up on rate occasions. I recall it being used as a them on one of the horror anthology series — a periodic rejuvenation that required killing somebody else. Dean Koontz used it in one of his novels; in this case, it had to do with organ “donations” from China. Here’s the Kindle version of Your Heart Belongs to Me. The fans-of-Koontz who review it here seem to think it is from his schlepped-out period. The interesting thing about that book by Warner is that it’s actually a horror story. One of the people whose organs were taken was not dead and he wants them back. I’m not sure what kind of creature he is but I imagine he kills a few people while he re-accommodates his organs. Does anyone remember the obits which came out when Petty died? The media writes lachrymose pieces about how this or that “star” was taken from us too early, or some other such nonsense as if it were simply cruel fate which took them, when in fact, these idiots kill themselves left and right. What’s worse is they are horrible examples for our children yet the media builds them up as shining stars. Given the (im)moral and completely self-indulgent lives most of these people lead, how about the media doing us a favor and stop glorifying these “stars” and pointing our what wastrels they are. I checked
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3470, 273, 253, 4313, 370, 83, 11787, 78, 1126, 6796, 92, 82, 24759, 19, 32095, 78, 1126, 6796, 92, 72, 24759, 19, 5, 273, 253, 30044, 3896, 782, 285, 28552, 2610, 11843, 15, 187, 187, 2042, 581, 35205, 253, 501, 20440, 318, 7212, 3891, 2574, 27, 2592, 373, 19, 3851, 598, 281, 7201, 1588, 473, 19753, 1637, 64, 84, 2306, 19, 4244, 581, 31326, 690, 14637, 16280, 253, 7887, 21953, 334, 983, 387, 34387, 8372, 15, 496, 1340, 281, 4044, 253, 2120, 34387, 8372, 1892, 10303, 370, 41, 578, 1944, 1337, 11400, 3342, 309, 32673, 19, 29119, 247, 9940, 767, 14, 14075, 10272, 310, 3309, 281, 3653, 512, 3638, 2426, 15, 1284, 841, 403, 417, 2130, 387, 253, 2774, 13, 352, 310, 1846, 281, 1978, 760, 7887, 8655, 2426, 15, 3308, 13, 604, 581, 16995, 281, 3761, 253, 34387, 2293, 501, 20440, 318, 4830, 253, 34387, 8372, 11193, 13, 581, 4419, 247, 26667, 273, 512, 14637, 275, 253, 501, 20440, 318, 23276, 387, 7201, 1588, 473, 19753, 1637, 64, 84, 2306, 19, 3822, 15092, 253, 40487, 249, 14, 5641, 2746, 13, 436, 310, 6786, 407, 247, 1463, 4327, 273, 370, 72, 63, 17, 578, 1944, 14101, 1926, 3342, 309, 4018, 275, 6354, 15, 575, 7748, 2574, 27, 26756, 4347, 9014, 923, 7567, 15, 575, 683, 32512, 257, 25281, 27, 6755, 6811, 1570, 1198, 271, 19890, 1971, 275, 253, 10254, 14, 5641, 2746, 13, 359, 878, 281, 11897, 253, 1735, 1340, 275, 6354, 15, 575, 7748, 2574, 27, 2592, 373, 47, 8372, 8001, 46769, 760, 253, 7201, 1588, 473, 4935, 66, 64, 84, 63, 17, 1009, 7680, 273, 253, 2442, 1159, 13, 7224, 78, 1126, 6796, 92, 72, 24759, 19, 61, 2461, 5624, 19, 61, 2059, 4244, 285, 253, 1892, 1159, 598, 281, 7201, 1588, 473, 4935, 66, 64, 84, 4244, 253, 27311, 342, 253, 427, 8372, 2602, 1159, 285, 25219, 342, 253, 5606, 1159, 7598, 707, 253, 2602, 21953, 334, 983, 669, 6677, 63, 79, 1035, 2461, 1572, 313, 79, 30, 18, 13, 537, 13, 21, 1009, 285, 616, 10303, 387, 34387, 8372, 604, 13, 285, 760, 604, 13, 359, 5206, 669, 14557, 30, 76, 64, 84, 92, 78, 1126, 6796, 92, 72, 12191, 2461, 63, 19, 1352, 380, 6843, 4229, 14, 2621, 12091, 476, 320, 1119, 275, 7567, 15, 575, 683, 35, 1751, 413, 27, 7857, 6683, 28, 1214, 32512, 257, 25281, 27, 6755, 6811, 1570, 380, 34387, 8372, 10235, 273, 253, 1892, 1159, 556, 281, 320, 6777, 824, 326, 253, 14637, 273, 253, 1840, 7466, 14002, 387, 7201, 1588, 473, 19753, 1637, 64, 84, 2306, 19, 3822, 3856, 13, 581, 943, 1978, 275, 2564, 326, 671, 253, 2568, 7202, 34387, 8372, 2602, 1159, 13, 604, 2668, 715, 2395, 13, 11330, 3638, 7437, 387, 7201, 1588, 473, 4935, 66, 64, 84, 63, 19, 3822, 496, 776, 1083, 13, 359, 816, 23240, 253, 34387, 8372, 1892, 1159, 310, 824, 247, 1039, 13, 326, 512, 34387, 8372, 3638, 7437, 14002, 15, 831, 20096, 247, 1463, 11038, 327, 253, 34930, 34387, 8372, 2831, 2593, 762, 10393, 273, 253, 427, 8372, 2602, 1159, 15, 380, 6843, 906, 310, 1677, 275, 2051, 15, 575, 1447, 1704, 27, 73, 19, 4207, 380, 4103, 3486, 327, 253, 2264, 1892, 1159, 310, 2581, 1355, 13, 5431, 387, 253, 2558, 1268, 15, 6610, 13, 359, 3748, 326, 323, 34387, 2293, 12, 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21857, 273, 253, 40487, 249, 14, 5641, 30221, 1712, 1704, 27, 15680, 47, 94, 187, 4578, 7770, 187, 187, 688, 436, 2593, 13, 359, 2319, 253, 10704, 7092, 273, 253, 501, 20440, 318, 7212, 3891, 2574, 27, 2592, 47, 373, 8001, 380, 1563, 5199, 310, 2424, 275, 2087, 1008, 27157, 68, 27510, 27, 11496, 16788, 5218, 3973, 13, 347, 9021, 273, 2169, 9136, 275, 669, 2461, 5, 2489, 27184, 1774, 672, 18899, 253, 25495, 2831, 2593, 13, 581, 556, 281, 3761, 253, 501, 360, 1314, 2831, 2593, 281, 253, 2120, 4229, 1340, 906, 15, 831, 310, 6786, 407, 6240, 253, 6158, 13, 1223, 45771, 512, 2426, 598, 281, 7201, 1588, 473, 4935, 66, 64, 84, 1009, 313, 2307, 27493, 253, 1846, 638, 19012, 669, 1637, 64, 84, 63, 19, 7884, 273, 253, 11848, 34387, 2293, 2048, 15, 496, 1340, 281, 1347, 253, 11038, 327, 253, 669, 1156, 92, 8504, 8372, 4689, 1109, 1192, 89, 724, 629, 5120, 2831, 2593, 13, 581, 3198, 281, 43444, 512, 2426, 598, 281, 7201, 1588, 473, 4935, 66, 64, 84, 63, 19, 1009, 273, 11848, 501, 20440, 318, 7212, 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2132, 94, 187, 71, 1035, 2859, 7182 ]
= \ln(\muf^2/\muh^2)$, and $L_{f\tilde g} = \ln(\muf^2/{m_{\widetilde{g}}}^2)$. The dependence on the soft scale has canceled between the soft function and the expansion of the evolution function. The terms proportional to $L_{fh}$ run the hard function $H_{ij,\,{\bf I}}^{(1)}(\muh)$ down to the factorization scale $\muf$, see also the discussion in Ref. [@Beneke:2010da]. The explicit evaluation of the soft and the potential function at NLO has produced all threshold enhanced terms proportional to $\ln^k(8\beta^2)$ ($k=1,2)$ and $1/\beta$, which are easily identified within the fixed order cross section in the threshold limit, given in the Refs. [@Beenakker:1996ch] and [@Langenfeld:2012ti]. However, the renormalization scale has been set equal to the factorization scale in the latter articles. Adopting this choice simplifies the right-hand side of Eq. (\[eq:sigmaresNLO\]) due to $L_{fh}=0$. From now on, we set $\muh=\muf=\mu$, ${\alpha_s}(\mu)\equiv{\alpha_s}$, and switch to the notation of Ref. [@Langenfeld:2012ti], where $L_{f\tilde g}\equiv L_\mu$. The NLO hard functions for gluino pair production in the momentum-space formalism then read $$\begin{aligned} H_{gg,\,{\bf I}}^{(1)}(\mu) &=& 4\,\*C_{1,\,{\bf I}}^{gg} - 12\,\*{C_{\bf I}}- C_A\*\left(64 - \frac{11\*\pi^2}{3}\right) \\ && - \Bigl(2\,\*{C_{\bf I}}- 8\,\*C_A\*\ln(2)\Bigr)\*L_\mu - 2\,\*C_A\*L_\mu^2 {\nonumber}\\[2mm] H_{{\ensuremath{q \bar{q}}},\,{\bf 8}_a}^{(1)}(\mu) &=& 4\,\* C_{1,\,{\bf 8}_a}^{{\ensuremath{q \bar{q}}}} - 12\,\*C_A - C_F\*\left(64 - \frac{11\*\pi^2}{3}\right) \\ && - \Bigl(2\,\*C_A - 8\,\*C_F\*\ln(2) -2\*\beta_0 + 6\,\*C_F\Bigr)\*L_\mu - 2\,\*C_F\*L_\mu^2 {\nonumber}\end{aligned}$$ in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ scheme with $n_l=5$ active light (mass-less) quark flavors. In the gluon fusion channel, only color-symmetric parts contribute near the threshold. Therefore, one has to sum over ${\bf I}\,={\bf 1},\,{\bf 8},\,{\bf 27}$. On the other hand, in the quark-antiquark annihilation channel, one only has contributions from the anti-symmetric octet to first approximation. The one-loop matching constants $C_{1,\,{\bf I}}^{gg}$ and $C_{1,\,{\bf 8}_a}^{{\ensuremath{q \bar{q}}}}$ are given in Eqs. (39) and (40) of Ref. [@Langenfeld:2012ti]. They are functions of the ratio $r={m_{\widetilde{q}}}^2/{m_{\widetilde{g}}}^2$ of the squared squark and gluino masses. If one expands the resummation formula (\[eq:sigmares2\]) up to ${{\mathcal O}}({\alpha_s}^2)$, one obtains some constants besides the threshold logarithms at NNLO. In order to obtain the full NNLO hard coefficients $H_{ij,\,{\bf I}}^{(2)}$, a dedicated two-loop calculation is necessary to determine all constant terms. As these are not available at the moment, it is common to keep only threshold enhanced terms. Thus, if one wishes to match the NNLL resummation onto the NNLO approximation, one requires a cancellation of all constants in the resummation formulas at ${{\mathcal O}}({\alpha_s}^2)$. Within the Mellin-space approach, this is achieved by a proper choice of $g^0_{ij,\, {\bf I}}$ in Eq. (\[eq:GNexp\]), see Ref. [@Langenfeld:2012ti]. For an analogous treatment in the momentum-space approach, we need to compute the next order in Eq. (\[eq:sigmaresNLO\]). Keeping only the ${{\mathcal O}}(a_s^0)$ contribution of the potential function, ${m_{\widetilde{g}}}^2\beta/(2\pi)$, and the hard function up to ${{\mathcal O}}(a_s)$, the convolution with the NLO soft function and multiplication with the evolution function reproduces the soft logarithms $\ln^n(\beta)\ (n=1,..,4)$ and their coefficients at NNLO if, and only if, we choose $\mus=k_s{m_{\widetilde{g}}}\beta^2$. The explicit fixed-order expressions can be found in Ref. [@Beneke:2009ye; @Langenfeld:2012ti]. The NNLO coefficient of the hard function has to be chosen such that the constants of the above expansion cancel at ${{\mathcal O}}({\alpha_s}^2)$. Here, one should keep in mind that also the yet unknown NNLO soft function, if taken into account, produces constant pieces at ${{\mathcal O}}(a_s^2)$. In our case, we just arrange the NNLO hard function is such a way, that all NNLO constant pieces cancel. This ensures a proper matching on the approximated NNLO cross section under usage of the NLO soft function. The explicit result is given in App. \[sec:h2\]. The relative impact on the total hard function is rather small, typically at the percent level. Finally, we mention that for NNLL+$\text{NNLO}_{\rm approx}$ accuracy, one can also set $H_{ij,\,{\bf I}}^{(2)}=0$, if the matching procedure is performed at the NNLO level (see also the discussion in the next section). This differs from the choice in Eq. (\[eq:H2match\]) only in higher order terms beyond NNLL accuracy, and is applied in Ref. [@Beneke:2011mq]. For NNLL resummation, all input functions to the resummation formula are needed at ${{\mathcal O}}({\alpha_s})$. Note that the NLO expression of the Sudakov exponent $S(\nu,\mu)$ requires the coefficients of the cusp anomalous dimension and the QCD beta function up to NNLO (see Ref. [@Becher:2007ty]). All other anomalous dimension functions are required at NLO only. Implementation of the Mellin-space formalism {#sec:implN} ============================================ In this section, we discuss the numerical implementation of the resummation formula (\[eq:sigmaNres\]). The following procedure is required in general [@Bonciani:1998vc]: First, as contributions of higher powers in $\beta$ become numerically important when calculating the inclusive cross section, one has to match the resummed cross section to the full fixed order result. This is achieved by adding the latter, while subtracting all terms up to ${{\mathcal O}}(a_s)$ (modulo the common prefactor $\alpha_s^2$) of the expanded NNLL expression. In order to perform the matching on the $\text{NNLO}_{\rm approx}$ partonic cross section, one needs to subtract all terms up to ${{\mathcal O}}(a_s^2)$ of expanded resummation formula (denoted by NNLL(2)) and add back the approximated NNLO result [@Beneke:2011mq]. If one chooses to resum in Mellin space, an inverse Mellin transformation is required, which has to be done numerically. Due to omitted $1/N$ contributions in the resummation formula (\[eq:sigmaNres\]), the matching onto the NNLO approximation will give a slightly different result compared to the NLO matching[^4]. The resummed partonic cross section is given by $$\begin{aligned} \label{eq:sigmamatch} \hat{\sigma}_{ij \to {\ensuremath{\widetilde{g}\,\widetilde{g}}}}^{{\rm res,NNLO}_{\rm approx}} &=& {\rm\bf M}^{-1}\Bigl[\hat{\sigma}_{ij \to {\ensuremath{\widetilde{g}\,\widetilde{g}}}}^{\rm NNLL,\,N} - \hat{\sigma}_{ij \to {\ensuremath{\widetilde{g}\,\widetilde{g}}}}^{\rm NNLL(2),\,N}\Bigr] + \hat{\sigma}_{ij \to {\ensuremath{\widetilde{g}\,\widetilde{g}}}}^{{\rm NNLO}_{\rm approx}} \,.\end{aligned}$$ \ \ The numerical Mellin inversion requires an analytic continuation of the resummed cross section to the complex plane. In our case, one simply assumes complex arguments of the logarithms. A more general discussion on that topic is provided in [@Blumlein:1998if; @Blumlein:2000hw], and a good routine is included in the program `ANCONT` [@Blumlein:2000hw]. Here, the Mellin inversion is obtained by $$\begin{aligned} f(\rho)=\