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Ludacris has won a music award. | Christopher Brian `` Chris '' Bridges -LRB- born September 11 , 1977 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Ludacris , is an American hip hop recording artist and actor . Alongside his manager , Chaka Zulu , Ludacris is the co-founder of Disturbing tha Peace , an imprint distributed by Def Jam Recordings . Throughout his career , Ludacris has won Screen Actors Guild , Critic 's Choice , MTV , and Grammy Awards . Along with fellow Atlanta-based rappers Big Boi and André 3000 of OutKast , Ludacris was one of the first and most influential `` Dirty South '' rappers to achieve mainstream success during the early 2000s . In 2014 , Ludacris was featured in Forbes list titled `` Hip-Hop Cash Kings '' , as he earned $ 8 million . Next year , he could again make it to their list by earning the same amount . Born in Champaign , Illinois , Ludacris moved to Atlanta at age nine , where he began rapping . After a brief stint as a disc jockey -LRB- DJ -RRB- , he released his first album Incognegro in 1999 , followed by Back for the First Time in 2000 , which contained the singles `` Southern Hospitality '' and `` What 's Your Fantasy '' . In 2001 , he released Word of Mouf , followed by Chicken-n-Beer in 2003 and The Red Light District in 2004 . He took a more serious approach with his next two albums , Release Therapy -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , and Theater of the Mind -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . His next record , Battle of the Sexes , was released in 2010 and featured the tone of his previous albums . Ludaversal was released on March 31 , 2015 . As an actor , he has appeared in films including Crash -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , Gamer -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , and New Year 's Eve -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , but is best known for playing Tej Parker in The Fast and the Furious film series . | [
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Clementine Chapel was used to house the skull of a saint. | The Clementine Chapel , also known as La Clementina , is a particular Roman Catholic chapel located within the underground necropolitan grottoes of Saint Peter 's Basilica in Vatican City . It is the area where the relics of St. Peter were venerated in early medieval times , before his skull was removed to be housed at the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran . Open today for pilgrims , the site venerates the original pavonazzo marble monument placed there by Emperor Constantine , and was used in early medieval times to house the skull of St. Peter | [
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] |
Gerald Ford was a congressional candidate. | Gerald Rudolph Ford , Jr. -LRB- born Leslie Lynch King , Jr. ; July 14 , 1913 -- December 26 , 2006 -RRB- was an American politician who served as the 38th President of the United States from 1974 to 1977 , following the resignation of Richard Nixon . Prior to this he served eight months as the 40th Vice President of the United States , following the resignation of Spiro Agnew . He was the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment , and consequently the only person to have served as both Vice President and President of the United States without being elected to executive office . Before his appointment to the vice presidency , Ford served 25 years as U.S. Representative from Michigan 's 5th congressional district , the final nine of them as the House Minority Leader . As President , Ford signed the Helsinki Accords , marking a move toward détente in the Cold War . With the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam nine months into his presidency , U.S. involvement in Vietnam essentially ended . Domestically , Ford presided over the worst economy in the four decades since the Great Depression , with growing inflation and a recession during his tenure . One of his most controversial acts was to grant a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal . During Ford 's presidency , foreign policy was characterized in procedural terms by the increased role Congress began to play , and by the corresponding curb on the powers of the President . In the Republican presidential primary campaign of 1976 , Ford defeated former California Governor Ronald Reagan for the Republican nomination . He narrowly lost the presidential election to the Democratic challenger , former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter , making him the first President who succeeded to office as a result of a mid-term vacancy since Chester A. Arthur not to be elected in his own right . Following his years as President , Ford remained active in the Republican Party . After experiencing health problems , he died at home on December 26 , 2006 . Ford lived longer than any other U.S. president -- 93 years and 165 days -- while his 895-day presidency was the shortest of all presidents who did not die in office . | [
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Cape Fear stars Nick Nolte. | Cape Fear is a 1991 American psychological thriller film directed by Martin Scorsese and a remake of the 1962 film of the same name . It stars Robert De Niro , Nick Nolte , Jessica Lange , and Juliette Lewis , and features cameos from Gregory Peck , Robert Mitchum , and Martin Balsam , who all appeared in the original film . It was Peck 's final theatrical film . The film tells the story of a convicted rapist who , using mostly his newfound knowledge of the law and its numerous loopholes , seeks vengeance against a former public defender whom he blames for his 14-year imprisonment due to purposefully faulty defense tactics used during his trial . Cape Fear marks the seventh of eight collaborations between Scorsese and De Niro , the others being Mean Streets -LRB- 1973 -RRB- , Taxi Driver -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , New York , New York -LRB- 1977 -RRB- , Raging Bull -LRB- 1980 -RRB- , The King of Comedy -LRB- 1982 -RRB- , Goodfellas -LRB- 1990 -RRB- and Casino -LRB- 1995 -RRB- . The film received positive reviews and received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for Best Actor -LRB- De Niro -RRB- and Best Supporting Actress -LRB- Lewis -RRB- . | [
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] |
Syd Barrett contributed to A Saucerful of Secrets. | Roger Keith `` Syd '' Barrett -LRB- 6 January 1946 -- 7 July 2006 -RRB- was a British musician , composer , singer-songwriter , and painter . Best known as a founder member of the band Pink Floyd , Barrett was the lead singer , guitarist and principal songwriter in its early years and is credited with naming the band . Barrett was excluded from Pink Floyd in April 1968 after David Gilmour took over as their new guitarist , and was briefly hospitalised amid speculation of mental illness . Barrett was musically active for less than ten years . With Pink Floyd , he recorded four singles , their debut album -LRB- and contributed to the second one -RRB- , and several unreleased songs . Barrett began his solo career in 1969 with the single `` Octopus '' from his first solo album , The Madcap Laughs -LRB- 1970 -RRB- . The album was recorded over the course of a year with five different producers -LRB- Peter Jenner , Malcolm Jones , David Gilmour , Roger Waters and Barrett himself -RRB- . Nearly two months after Madcap was released , Barrett began working on his second and final album , Barrett -LRB- 1970 -RRB- , produced by Gilmour and featuring contributions from Richard Wright . Two years later , he left the music industry , retired from public life and strictly guarded his own privacy until his death in 2006 . In 1988 , an album of unreleased tracks and outtakes , Opel , was released by EMI with Barrett 's approval . Barrett 's innovative guitar work and exploration of experimental techniques such as dissonance , distortion and feedback influenced many musicians . His recordings are also noted for their strongly English-accented vocal delivery . After leaving music , Barrett continued with painting and dedicated himself to gardening . Pink Floyd wrote and recorded several tributes to him , most notably the 1975 album Wish You Were Here , which included `` Shine On You Crazy Diamond '' , as homage to Barrett . | [
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] |
Psychology aims to comprehend groups and individuals. | Psychology is the science of behavior and mind , embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought . It is an academic discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases . In this field , a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social , behavioral , or cognitive scientist . Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior , while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors . Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes , including perception , cognition , attention , emotion -LRB- affect -RRB- , intelligence , phenomenology , motivation -LRB- conation -RRB- , brain functioning , and personality . This extends to interaction between people , such as interpersonal relationships , including psychological resilience , family resilience , and other areas . Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind . Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables . In addition , or in opposition , to employing empirical and deductive methods , some -- especially clinical and counseling psychologists -- at times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques . Psychology has been described as a `` hub science '' , with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences , natural sciences , medicine , humanities , and philosophy . While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems , it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity . By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society . The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role , practicing in clinical , counseling , or school settings . Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior , and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings -LRB- e.g. , medical schools , hospitals -RRB- . Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings , or in other areas such as human development and aging , sports , health , and the media , as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law . | [
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Mao Zedong was a political leader. | Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung -LRB- -LSB- ˈmaʊ_dzəˈdʊŋ , _ zə - , _ - dɒŋ -RSB- December 26 , 1893September 9 , 1976 -RRB- , also known as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese communist revolutionary and founding father of the People 's Republic of China , which he governed as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 , until his death in 1976 . His Marxist -- Leninist theories , military strategies , and political policies are collectively known as Maoism or Marxism-Leninism-Maoism . Born the son of a wealthy farmer in Shaoshan , Hunan , Mao adopted a Chinese nationalist and anti-imperialist outlook in early life , particularly influenced by the events of the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and May Fourth Movement of 1919 . Mao adopted Marxism -- Leninism while working at Peking University and became a founding member of the Communist Party of China -LRB- CPC -RRB- , leading the Autumn Harvest Uprising in 1927 . During the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang -LRB- KMT -RRB- and the CPC , Mao helped to found the Chinese Workers ' and Peasants ' Red Army , led the Jiangxi Soviet 's radical land policies and ultimately became head of the CPC during the Long March . Although the CPC temporarily allied with the KMT under the United Front during the Second Sino-Japanese War -LRB- 1937 -- 45 -RRB- , after Japan 's defeat China 's civil war resumed and in 1949 Mao 's forces defeated the Nationalists who withdrew to Taiwan . On 1 October 1949 , Mao proclaimed the foundation of the People 's Republic of China -LRB- PRC -RRB- , a one-party state controlled by the CPC . In the following years Mao solidified his control through a campaign of classicide against landlords , and a mass purge of perceived enemies of the state he termed as `` counter-revolutionaries '' alleged to have caused between 2,000,000 to 6,000,000 deaths . -LRB- Mao himself admitting 800,000 deaths in the classicide and 712,000 in the suppression of Counterrevolutionaries -RRB- In 1957 , he launched the Great Leap Forward campaign that aimed to rapidly transform China 's economy from an agrarian economy to an industrial one . The campaign contributed to a widespread famine , whose death toll is estimated at between 15,000,000 and 55,000,000 . In 1966 , he initiated the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution , a program to remove `` counter-revolutionary '' elements of Chinese society that lasted 10 years and which was marked by violent class struggle that killed 400,000 to 10,000,000 people , widespread destruction of cultural artifacts and unprecedented elevation of Mao 's personality cult . In 1972 , Mao welcomed American President Richard Nixon in Beijing , signalling a policy of opening China , which was furthered under the rule of Deng Xiaoping -LRB- 1978 -- 1992 -RRB- . Mao suffered a series of heart attacks in 1976 , and died in September , aged 82 . He was succeeded as Paramount leader by Hua Guofeng -LRB- 1976 -- 1978 -RRB- , who was quickly sidelined and replaced by Deng . A controversial figure , Mao is regarded as one of the most important individuals in modern world history , and is also known as a theorist , military strategist , poet and visionary . Supporters credit him with driving imperialism out of China , modernising China and building it into a world power , promoting the status of women , improving education and health care , and increasing life expectancy as China 's population grew from around 550 million to over 900 million under his leadership . In contrast , critics consider him a dictator comparable to Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin who damaged traditional Chinese culture , as well as considering him a perpetrator of human rights abuses , and they estimate that Mao was responsible for 40 to 70 million deaths through starvation , prison labour and executions , which would rank his tenure as the top incidence of excess mortality in human history . | [
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Shahid Kapoor is an actor. | Shahid Kapoor -LRB- -LSB- ʃaːɦɪd̪ kəˈpuːr -RSB- ; born 25 February 1981 -RRB- , also known as Shahid Khattar , is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films . The son of actors Pankaj Kapur and Neelima Azeem , Kapoor was born in New Delhi . His parents separated when he was three , and he continued living with his mother . They moved to Mumbai when he was 10 , where he joined Shiamak Davar 's dance academy . Kapoor appeared as a background dancer in a few films of the 1990s , and was later featured in music videos and television commercials . Kapoor made his film debut in 2003 with a leading role in the romantic comedy Ishq Vishk , a sleeper hit for which he won a Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut . He followed it with roles in several commercial failures before starring in Sooraj Barjatya 's top-grossing family drama Vivah -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . Kapoor earned nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for portraying a troubled businessman in Imtiaz Ali 's romantic comedy Jab We Met -LRB- 2007 -RRB- and twin brothers in Vishal Bhardwaj 's caper thriller Kaminey -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . After appearing in another series of box office flops , he starred in the action film R. . . Rajkumar -LRB- 2013 -RRB- his highest-grossing release . In 2014 , Kapoor portrayed the Hamlet character in Bhardwaj 's acclaimed drama Haider , for which he won the Best Actor award at Filmfare . Two years later , he played a drug abusing singer in the crime drama Udta Punjab , which won him the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor . Cited in the media as one of the most attractive Indian celebrities , Kapoor maintains his popularity despite a fluctuating career trajectory . Initially recognised for portraying romantic roles , Kapoor has since taken on parts in action films and thrillers . He is the recipient of several awards , including three Filmfare Awards . In addition to acting , Kapoor supports charities , hosts award ceremonies , and has featured as a talent judge on the dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Reloaded -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . Following a romantic relationship with the actress Kareena Kapoor , he married Mira Rajput , a student from New Delhi , with whom he has a daughter . | [
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American Horror Story: Hotel's premiere date was on October 7, 2015. | American Horror Story : Hotel is the fifth season of the FX horror anthology television series American Horror Story . It premiered on October 7 , 2015 , and concluded January 13 , 2016 . The series was renewed in October 2014 , with the subtitle Hotel being announced in February 2015 . Hotel marks the first season to not feature series mainstays Jessica Lange and Frances Conroy . Returning cast from previous seasons of the series include : Evan Peters , Sarah Paulson , Denis O'Hare , Lily Rabe , Kathy Bates , Angela Bassett , Chloë Sevigny , Finn Wittrock , Wes Bentley , Gabourey Sidibe , Mare Winningham , Matt Bomer , Christine Estabrook , Matt Ross , John Carroll Lynch , and Anthony Ruivivar , along with new cast members Lady Gaga and Cheyenne Jackson . Breaking from the anthological format , like Freak Show , the season is interconnected to the first and third seasons , and features an appearance by the Murder House , its original owner Dr. Charles Montgomery -LRB- Ross -RRB- , its realtor Marcy -LRB- Estabrook -RRB- , and the psychic Billie Dean Howard -LRB- Paulson -RRB- , as well as the appearance of the witch Queenie -LRB- Sidibe -RRB- . The plot centers around the enigmatic Hotel Cortez in Los Angeles , California , that catches the eye of an intrepid homicide detective -LRB- Bentley -RRB- . The Cortez is host to the strange and bizarre , spearheaded by its owner , The Countess -LRB- Gaga -RRB- , who is a bloodsucking fashionista . The hotel is loosely based on an actual hotel built in 1893 by H. H. Holmes in Chicago , Il . for the 1893 World 's Columbian Exposition . It became known as the ` Murder Castle ' as it was built for Holmes to torture , murder , and dispose of evidence just as is the Cortez . This season features two murderous threats in the form of the Ten Commandments Killer , a serial offender who selects his victims in accordance with biblical teachings , and `` the Addiction Demon '' , who roams the hotel armed with a drill bit dildo . According to creators Brad Falchuk and Ryan Murphy , thematically , Hotel is much darker than previous seasons . Inspiration came from old hotel horror films and actual hotels situated in downtown Los Angeles with a reputation for sinister events , including the Cecil . The cycle also marks a return to filming in Los Angeles , where the first two seasons were shot . Hotel features one of the most expansive sets in American Horror Story history , with production designer Mark Worthington building two stories on a soundstage , along with a working elevator and stairway . In July 2015 , FX launched a marketing campaign for the series , with most trailers and teasers touting Gaga 's involvement . Although Hotel was originally reported to consist of thirteen episodes -LRB- à la Asylum , Coven , and Freak Show -RRB- , that number was later revised to twelve -LRB- à la Murder House -RRB- . The season garnered a total of eight Emmy Award nominations , including two acting nominations for Paulson and Bates . It was the first time , however , that a season of American Horror Story was not nominated for Outstanding Limited Series . In addition , Gaga won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Mini-Series or Television Film while Hotel received a nomination for Best Mini-Series or Television Film . | [
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Nepal had fertile plains. | fi Nepal -LRB- -LSB- Nepālhelp = no -RSB- -RCB- -RCB- -LSB- neˈpal -RSB- -RRB- , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal , is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia . Nepal is divided into 7 provinces and 75 districts and 744 local units including 4 metropolises , 13 sub-metropolises , 246 municipal councils and 481 villages . It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area . Bordering China in the north and India in the south , east , and west , it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state . Nepal does not border Bangladesh , which is located within only 27 km -LRB- 17 mi -RRB- of its southeastern tip . Neither does it border Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between . Nepal has a diverse geography , including fertile plains , subalpine forested hills , and eight of the world 's ten tallest mountains , including Mount Everest , the highest point on Earth . Kathmandu is the nation 's capital and largest city . It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language . The territory of Nepal has a recorded history since the Neolithic age . The name `` Nepal '' is first recorded in texts from the Vedic Age , the era which founded Hinduism , the predominant religion of the country . In the middle of the first millennium BCE , Gautama Buddha , the founder of Buddhism , was born in southern Nepal . Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet . The Kathmandu Valley in central Nepal became known as Nepal proper because of its complex urban civilisation . It was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy known as Nepal Mandala . The Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valley 's traders . The cosmopolitan region developed distinct traditional art and architecture . By the 18th century , the Gorkha Kingdom achieved the unification of Nepal . The Shah dynasty established the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire , under its Rana dynasty of premiers . The country was never colonised but served as a buffer state between Imperial China and Colonial India . In the 20th century , Nepal ended its isolation and forged strong ties with regional powers . Parliamentary democracy was introduced in 1951 , but was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs in 1960 and 2005 . The Nepalese Civil War resulted in the proclamation of a republic in 2008 , ending the reign of the world 's last Hindu monarchy . Modern Nepal is a federal secular parliamentary republic . It has seven states . Nepal is a developing nation , ranking 144th on the Human Development Index -LRB- HDI -RRB- in 2016 . The country struggles with the transition from a monarchy to a republic . It also suffers from high levels of hunger and poverty . Despite these challenges , Nepal is making steady progress , with the government declaring its commitment to elevate the nation from least developed country status by 2022 . Nepal also has a vast potential to generate hydropower for export . Nepal 's foreign relations expanded after the Anglo-Nepal Treaty of 1923 , which was recognised by the League of Nations . After a Soviet veto in 1949 , Nepal was admitted to the United Nations in 1955 . Friendship treaties were signed with the Dominion of India in 1950 and the People 's Republic of China in 1960 . Nepal hosts the permanent secretariat of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation -LRB- SAARC -RRB- , of which it is a founding member . Nepal is also a member of the Non Aligned Movement and the Bay of Bengal Initiative . The military of Nepal is the fifth largest in South Asia and is notable for its Gurkha history , particularly during the world wars , and has been a significant contributor to United Nations peacekeeping operations . | [
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Steve Buscemi acts in The Big Lebowski. | Steven Vincent Buscemi -LRB- -LSB- buːˈsɛmi -RSB- born December 13 , 1957 -RRB- is an American actor and film director . Buscemi has starred and supported in successful Hollywood and indie films , including Parting Glances , New York Stories , Mystery Train , Reservoir Dogs , Desperado , Con Air , Armageddon , The Grey Zone , Ghost World , Big Fish , and The Sopranos . He is also known for his appearances in many films by the Coen brothers : Miller 's Crossing , Barton Fink , The Hudsucker Proxy , Fargo , and The Big Lebowski . Buscemi provides the voice of Randall Boggs in the Monsters , Inc. franchise . From 2010 to 2014 , he portrayed Enoch `` Nucky '' Thompson in the critically acclaimed series Boardwalk Empire , which earned him two Screen Actors Guild Awards , a Golden Globe , and two nominations for an Emmy Award . He made his directorial debut in 1996 , with Trees Lounge , in which he also starred . Other works include Animal Factory -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Lonesome Jim -LRB- 2005 -RRB- and Interview -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . He has also directed numerous episodes of TV shows , including Homicide : Life on the Street , The Sopranos , Oz , 30 Rock , and Nurse Jackie . He currently hosts the Emmy Award-winning AOL On comedy talk-show Park Bench . | [
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] |
In the Heart of the Sea premiered in New York CIty. | In the Heart of the Sea is a 2015 adventure-drama film based on Nathaniel Philbrick 's non-fiction book of the same name , about the sinking of the American whaling ship Essex in 1820 , an event that inspired the novel Moby-Dick . An international co-production between the United States and Spain , it was directed and produced by Ron Howard and written by Charles Leavitt . The film stars Chris Hemsworth , Benjamin Walker , Cillian Murphy , Tom Holland , Ben Whishaw and Brendan Gleeson . It premiered in New York City on December 7 , 2015 and was released in cinemas in the United States on December 11 , 2015 by Warner Bros. . Pictures . In the Heart of the Sea received mixed reviews from critics , and grossed $ 93 million against a $ 100 million budget , making it a box office bomb . | [
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] |
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 was directed by music video, short film and film director Marc Webb. | Marc Preston Webb -LRB- born August 31 , 1974 -RRB- is an American music video , short film , and film director . He made his feature film directorial debut with the 2009 romantic comedy-drama -LRB- 500 -RRB- Days of Summer and went on to direct the 2012 Spider-Man reboot The Amazing Spider-Man and its sequel The Amazing Spider-Man 2 in 2014 . | [
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Paul Simon is a singer-songwriter. | Paul Frederic Simon -LRB- born October 13 , 1941 -RRB- is an American musician , singer-songwriter and actor . Simon 's fame , influence , and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel , formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel . Simon wrote nearly all of the pair 's songs , including three that reached No. 1 on the U.S. singles charts : `` The Sound of Silence '' , `` Mrs. Robinson '' , and `` Bridge over Troubled Water '' . The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity and Simon began a successful solo career as a guitarist and singer-songwriter , recording three highly acclaimed albums over the next five years . In 1986 , he released Graceland , an album inspired by South African township music , which sold 14 million copies worldwide on its release and remains his most popular solo work . Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony -LRB- 1980 -RRB- and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman -LRB- 1998 -RRB- with the poet Derek Walcott . On June 3 , 2016 , Simon released his 13th solo album , titled Stranger to Stranger , which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK charts . Simon has earned sixteen Grammys for his solo and collaborative work , including three for Album of the Year -LRB- Bridge Over Troubled Water , Still Crazy After All These Years , Graceland -RRB- , and a Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2006 was selected as one of the `` 100 People Who Shaped the World '' by Time magazine . In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine named Simon as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists . In 2015 , he was named as one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters by Rolling Stone . Among many other honors , Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress 's Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007 . In 1986 , Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music , where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees . | [
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2003 was the year when the House of 1000 Corpses had a theatrical release. | House of 1000 Corpses is a 2003 American exploitation horror film written , co-scored and directed by Rob Zombie in his directorial debut . The film stars Sid Haig , Bill Moseley , Sheri Moon , and Karen Black as members of the Firefly family . Set on Halloween , the film sees the Firefly family torturing and mutilating a group of teenagers who are traveling across the country writing a book . The film explores a number of genres , and features elements of the supernatural . Zombie cited American horror films The Texas Chain Saw Massacre -LRB- 1974 -RRB- and The Hills Have Eyes -LRB- 1977 -RRB- as influences on House of 1000 Corpses , as well as other films released during the 1970s . Initially filmed in 2000 , House of 1000 Corpses was purchased by Universal Pictures , thus a large portion of it was filmed on the Universal Studios backlots . The film was made with a budget of $ 7 million . Zombie worked with Scott Humphrey on the score of the film . House of 1000 Corpses featured a graphic amount of blood and gore , and controversial scenes involving masturbation and necrophilia . The project was ultimately shelved by the company prior to its release due to fears of an NC-17 rating . Zombie later managed to re-purchase the rights to the work , eventually selling it to Lions Gate Entertainment . The film received a theatrical release on April 11 , 2003 , nearly three years after filming had concluded . House of 1000 Corpses received a generally negative reaction following its release . The film was critically panned , with the film 's various side-plots and main cast being criticized by multiple critics . The film earned over $ 3 million in its opening weekend , and would later go on to gross over $ 16 million worldwide . Despite its initial negative reception , the film went on to develop a cult following . Zombie later directed the film 's sequel , The Devil 's Rejects -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , in which the Firefly family are on the run from the police . Zombie later developed a haunted house attraction for Universal Studios Hollywood based on the film . This would be the final film performance of Dennis Fimple , before his death in August 2002 . The film was dedicated to his memory . | [
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] |
The Hundred-Foot Journey (film) stars Helen Mirren. | The Hundred-Foot Journey is a 2014 American comedy-drama film directed by Lasse Hallström from a screenplay written by Steven Knight , adapted from Richard Morais ' 2010 novel of the same name . The film stars Helen Mirren , Om Puri , Manish Dayal and Charlotte Le Bon and tells the story of a feud between two adjacent restaurants in a French town : one operated by a recently relocated Indian family and the other , a lofty Michelin-starred restaurant . Produced by Steven Spielberg and Oprah Winfrey for DreamWorks Pictures through their respective production companies , Amblin Entertainment and Harpo Films , in association with Participant Media and Image Nation , it was released by Touchstone Pictures on August 8 , 2014 , receiving generally positive reviews and earning nearly $ 90 million at the worldwide box office . | [
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Winona Rider was awarded with a Golden Globe. | Winona Ryder -LRB- born Winona Laura Horowitz ; October 29 , 1971 -RRB- is an American actress . One of the most profitable and iconic actresses of the 1990s , she made her film debut in the 1986 film Lucas . As Lydia Deetz , a goth teenager in Tim Burton 's Beetlejuice -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , she won critical acclaim and widespread recognition . After appearances in film and on television , Ryder continued her acting career with the cult film Heathers -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , a controversial satire of teenage suicide and high school life that has since become a landmark teen film . She later appeared in the coming of age drama Mermaids -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , earning a Golden Globe nomination , and in the same year appeared alongside Johnny Depp in Burton 's dark fairy-tale Edward Scissorhands -LRB- 1990 -RRB- , and shortly thereafter with Keanu Reeves in Francis Ford Coppola 's gothic romance Bram Stoker 's Dracula -LRB- 1992 -RRB- . Having played diverse roles in many well-received films in the mid to late 1980s and early 1990s , Ryder won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and an Academy Award nomination in the same category for her role in The Age of Innocence in 1993 , as well as another Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for her role in the literary adaptation of Little Women the following year . She later appeared in the Generation X hit Reality Bites -LRB- 1994 -RRB- , Alien : Resurrection -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , the Woody Allen comedy Celebrity -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , and Girl , Interrupted -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , which she also executive-produced . In 2000 , Ryder received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , honoring her legacy in the film industry . Ryder 's personal life has attracted significant media attention . Her relationship with Johnny Depp in the early 1990s and a 2001 arrest for shoplifting were constant subjects of tabloid journalism . She has been open about her personal struggles with anxiety and depression . In 2002 , she appeared in the box office hit Mr. Deeds alongside Adam Sandler . In 2006 , Ryder returned to the screen after a brief hiatus , appearing in high-profile films such as Star Trek . In 2010 , she was nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards : as the lead actress in When Love Is Not Enough : The Lois Wilson Story and as part of the cast of Black Swan . She also reunited with Burton for Frankenweenie -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . Since 2016 , she has starred as Joyce Byers in the Netflix supernatural-horror series Stranger Things , for which she has garnered Golden Globe and SAG nominations . | [
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] |
Las Vegas is internationally renowned. | Las Vegas -LRB- -LSB- lɑːs_ˈveɪɡəs -RSB- , Spanish for `` The Meadows '' -RRB- , officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas , is the 28th-most populated city in the United States , the most populated city in the state of Nevada , and the county seat of Clark County . The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert . Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling , shopping , fine dining , entertainment , and nightlife . It is the leading financial , commercial , and cultural center for Nevada . The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World , and is famous for its mega casino -- hotels and associated activities . It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry , claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world . Today , Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world 's most visited tourist destinations . The city 's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City , and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature , films , television programs , and music videos . Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911 . At the close of the 20th century , it was the most populated American city founded within that century -LRB- a similar distinction earned by Chicago in the 1800s -RRB- . Population growth has accelerated since the 1960s , and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled , increasing by 85.2 % . Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century , and according to a 2013 estimate , the population is 603,488 with a regional population of 2,027,828 . `` Las Vegas '' is often used to describe areas beyond official city limits -- especially the areas on and near the Las Vegas Strip , which is actually located within the unincorporated communities of Paradise , Winchester , and Enterprise . | [
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Medina became the first capital of a rapidly increasing Muslim Empire. | Medina -LRB- -LSB- məˈdiːnə -RSB- المدينة المنورة , , `` the radiant city '' ; or المدينة , -LRB- -LSB- almaˈdiːna -RSB- -RRB- , `` the city '' -RRB- , also transliterated as Madīnah , is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia that is also the capital of the Al Madinah Region . The city contains al-Masjid an-Nabawi -LRB- `` the Prophet 's Mosque '' -RRB- , which is the burial place of the Islamic prophet Muhammad , and is the second-holiest city in Islam after Mecca . Medina was Muhammad 's destination after his Hijrah from Mecca , and became the capital of a rapidly increasing Muslim Empire , first under Muhammad 's leadership , and then under Ali . It served as the power base of Islam in its first century where the early Muslim community developed . Medina is home to the three oldest mosques , namely the Quba Mosque , al-Masjid an-Nabawi , and Masjid al-Qiblatayn -LRB- `` the mosque of the two qiblas '' -RRB- . Muslims believe that the chronologically final surahs of the Quran were revealed to Muhammad in Medina , and are called Medinan surahs in contrast to the earlier Meccan surahs . Just like Mecca , the city is closed to anyone who is considered a non-Muslim , including members of the Ahmadiyya movement -LRB- however , not the entire city is closed -RRB- by the national government . | [
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] |
Heather Graham starred in the film Committed in 2000. | Heather Joan Graham -LRB- born January 29 , 1970 -RRB- is an American actress . After appearing in television commercials , her first starring role in a feature film came with the teen comedy License to Drive -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , followed by the critically acclaimed film Drugstore Cowboy -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , which gained her initial industry notice . She then played supporting roles in films such as Shout -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Diggstown -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , Six Degrees of Separation -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , Swingers -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and on the television series Twin Peaks -LRB- 1991 -RRB- and its prequel film Fire Walk with Me -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , before gaining critical praise in Paul Thomas Anderson 's Boogie Nights -LRB- 1997 -RRB- as porn starlet Brandy / Rollergirl . In 1999 , she co-starred in Bowfinger and Austin Powers : The Spy Who Shagged Me . In the 2000s , Graham starred in films Committed -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Say It Is n't So -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Mary -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Gray Matters -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , The Hangover -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and its sequel , The Hangover Part III -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . She also had a role on the television series Scrubs in 2004 , before playing the title character on the short-lived series Emily 's Reasons Why Not in 2006 . She also had recurring roles on Showtime 's Californication -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Netflix 's Flaked -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . Noted for portraying characters with vast sex appeal , she often appears in magazine lists of `` Most Beautiful '' and `` Sexiest '' women . Graham is a public advocate for Children International , and supported the climate change campaign Global Cool in 2007 . | [
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] |
Winnie Harlow is known for having a form of vitiligo. | Winnie Harlow -LRB- born Chantelle Brown-Young ; July 27 , 1994 -RRB- is a Canadian fashion model , spokesperson , and activist . She gained prominence as a contestant on the twenty-first cycle of the U.S. television series America 's Next Top Model , and is known for having a prominent form of the skin condition vitiligo . She is the current brand ambassador for the Barcelona-based casual clothing brand Desigual alongside Brazilian supermodel Adriana Lima . | [
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] |
The Avengers was written by Joss Whedon. | Marvel 's The Avengers -LRB- classified under the name Marvel Avengers Assemble in the United Kingdom and Ireland -RRB- , or simply The Avengers , is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name , produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures . It is the sixth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr. , Chris Evans , Mark Ruffalo , Chris Hemsworth , Scarlett Johansson , Jeremy Renner , Tom Hiddleston , Clark Gregg , Cobie Smulders , Stellan Skarsgård , and Samuel L. Jackson . In the film , Nick Fury , director of the peacekeeping organization S.H.I.E.L.D. , recruits Iron Man , Captain America , the Hulk , and Thor to form a team that must stop Thor 's brother Loki from subjugating Earth . The film 's development began when Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch in April 2005 . After the success of the film Iron Man in May 2008 , Marvel announced that The Avengers would be released in July 2011 . With the signing of Johansson in March 2009 , the film was pushed back for a 2012 release . Whedon was brought on board in April 2010 and rewrote the original screenplay by Zak Penn. . Production began in April 2011 in Albuquerque , New Mexico , before moving to Cleveland , Ohio , in August and New York City in September . The film was converted to 3D in post-production . The Avengers premiered on April 11 , 2012 , at Hollywood 's El Capitan Theatre and was released theatrically in the United States on May 4 , 2012 . The film received positive reviews from critics , as well as numerous awards and nominations including Academy Award and BAFTA nominations for achievements in visual effects . It has set or tied numerous box office records , including the biggest opening weekend in North America . The Avengers grossed over $ 1.5 billion worldwide , and became the third-highest-grossing film during its theatrical run -- as well as the first Marvel production to generate $ 1 billion in ticket sales . The film was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on September 25 , 2012 . A sequel , titled Avengers : Age of Ultron , was released on May 1 , 2015 , while two additional sequels , Avengers : Infinity War and an untitled sequel , are currently in development , with Infinity War scheduled for a May 4 , 2018 release date , and its sequel scheduled to be released on May 3 , 2019 . | [
"382:668",
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] |
Tokyo Ghoul has the director Kentarō Hagiwara. | Tokyo Ghoul is an upcoming Japanese dark fantasy action horror film based on the manga series Tokyo Ghoul by Sui Ishida . The film is directed by Kentarō Hagiwara and stars Masataka Kubota as Ken Kaneki and Fumika Shimizu as Tōka Kirishima . It is scheduled for release in Japan by Shochiku in the 29 July 2017 . | [
"122:239"
] |
Apple was founded by Steve Jobs and two other people. | Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino , California that designs , develops , and sells consumer electronics , computer software , and online services . The company 's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone , the iPad tablet computer , the Mac personal computer , the iPod portable media player , the Apple Watch smartwatch , and the Apple TV digital media player . Apple 's consumer software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems , the iTunes media player , the Safari web browser , and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites . Its online services include the iTunes Store , the iOS App Store and Mac App Store , Apple Music , and iCloud . Apple was founded by Steve Jobs , Steve Wozniak , and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell personal computers . It was incorporated as Apple Computer , Inc. in January 1977 , and sales of its computers saw significant momentum and revenue growth for the company . Within a few years , they had hired a staff of computer designers and had a production line . Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success . Over the next few years , Apple shipped new computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces , and Apple 's marketing commercials for its products received widespread critical acclaim . However , the high price tag of its products and limited software titles caused problems , as did power struggles between executives at the company . Jobs resigned from Apple and created his own company . As the market for personal computers increased , Apple 's computers saw diminishing sales due to lower-priced products from competitors , in particular those offered with the Microsoft Windows operating system . More executive job shuffles happened at Apple until then-CEO Gil Amelio in 1997 decided to buy Jobs ' company to bring him back . Jobs regained position as CEO , and began a process to rebuild Apple 's status , which included opening Apple 's own retail stores in 2001 , making numerous acquisitions of software companies to create a portfolio of software titles , and changed some of the hardware technology used in its computers . It again saw success and returned to profitability . In January 2007 , Jobs announced that Apple Computer , Inc. would be renamed Apple Inc. to reflect its shifted focus toward consumer electronics , and announced the iPhone , which saw critical acclaim and significant financial success . In August 2011 , Jobs resigned as CEO due to health complications , and Tim Cook became the new CEO . Two months later , Jobs died , marking the end of an era for the company . Apple is the world 's largest information technology company by revenue , and the world 's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung . In February 2015 , Apple became the first U.S. company to be valued at over US$ 700billion . The company employs 116,000 full-time employees and maintains 496 retail stores in 21 countries . It operates the iTunes Store , which is the world 's largest music retailer . , more than one billion Apple products are actively in use worldwide . Apple 's worldwide annual revenue totaled $ 215billion for the 2016 fiscal year . The company enjoys a high level of brand loyalty and has been repeatedly ranked as the world 's most valuable brand . However , it receives significant criticism regarding the labor practices of its contractors and its environmental and business practices , including the origins of source materials . | [
"996:1087"
] |
Abigail Breslin is in Little Miss Sunshine. | Abigail Kathleen Breslin -LRB- born April 14 , 1996 -RRB- is an American actress and singer . She appeared in her first commercial when she was three years old , and in her first film , Signs -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , at the age of five . Her other film roles include Little Miss Sunshine -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress , No Reservations -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , Nim 's Island -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Definitely , Maybe -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , My Sister 's Keeper -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Zombieland -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , and Rango -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . In September 2015 , she began acting in the horror-comedy Scream Queens on Fox , in which she has her first regular role on a television series . | [
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] |
Tyler, The Creator's second studio album was Wolf. | Tyler Gregory Okonma -LRB- born March 6 , 1991 -RRB- , better known by his stage name Tyler , The Creator , is an American rapper , record producer , and music video director . Born in Ladera Heights , California , he rose to prominence as the leader and co-founder of the alternative hip hop collective Odd Future and has rapped on and produced songs for nearly every Odd Future release . Okonma creates all the artwork for the group 's releases and designs the group 's clothing and other merchandise as well . After releasing his debut album Goblin under XL Recordings , in April 2011 , he signed a joint venture deal for him and his label Odd Future Records , with RED Distribution and Sony Music Entertainment . Following that he released his second studio album Wolf , which was met with generally positive reviews and debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 selling 90,000 copies in its first week . He has his own clothing company , called Golf Wang , started in 2011 , and a carnival , named Camp Flog Gnaw , hosted annually since 2012 . He runs his own streaming service Golf Media ; it contains original scripted series from Tyler himself and Camp Flog Gnaw streams there yearly . | [
"1057:1199"
] |
Season three of Game of Thrones is based on the third book in A Song of Ice and Fire. | The third season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered in the United States on HBO on March 31 , 2013 , and concluded on June 9 , 2013 . It was broadcast on Sunday at 9:00 pm in the United States , consisting of 10 episodes , each running approximately 50 -- 60 minutes . The season is based roughly on the first half of A Storm of Swords -LRB- the third of the A Song of Ice and Fire novels by George R. R. Martin , of which the series is an adaptation -RRB- . The series is adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO renewed the series for a third season on April 10 , 2012 , nine days after the second season 's premiere . Production began in July 2012 . The show was filmed primarily in Ireland , Northern Ireland , Croatia , Iceland and Morocco . The story takes place in a fictional world , primarily upon a continent called Westeros , with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east known as Essos . Like the novel , the season follows the climatic battle at Kings Landing . Season three like the previous season mainly centres around the war of the five kings ; after the death of Renly Baratheon -LRB- Gethin Anthony -RRB- , all four kings in Westeros believes to have a claim to the Iron Throne , besides Robb Stark -LRB- Richard Madden -RRB- , who seeks vengeance for the death of his father , Lord Eddard `` Ned '' Stark -LRB- Sean Bean -RRB- . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced a number of new cast members , including Ciarán Hinds , Nathalie Emmanuel and Iwan Rheon . Critics praised the show 's production values and cast . Viewership yet again rose compared to the previous season . It won 2 of the 16 Emmy Awards for which it was nominated , it received a nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series -LRB- Dinklage -RRB- , Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series -LRB- Clarke -RRB- and Outstanding Drama Series . It also won the Critics ' Choice Television Award for Best Drama Series . | [
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] |
Liverpool F.C. was valued at $1.55 billion at one point. | Liverpool Football Club -LRB- -LSB- ˈlɪvərpuːl -RSB- -RRB- is a professional association football club based in Liverpool , Merseyside , England . They compete in the Premier League , the top tier of English football . The club has won 5 European Cups , 3 UEFA Cups , 3 UEFA Super Cups , 18 League titles , 7 FA Cups , a record 8 League Cups , and 15 FA Community Shields . The club was founded in 1892 and joined the Football League the following year . The club has played at Anfield since its formation . Liverpool established itself as a major force in both English and European football during the 1970s and 1980s when Bill Shankly and Bob Paisley led the club to 11 League titles and seven European trophies . Under the management of Rafa Benítez and captained by Steven Gerrard Liverpool became European champion for the fifth time , winning the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final against Milan in spite of being 3 -- 0 down at half time . Liverpool was the ninth highest-earning football club in the world for 2014 -- 15 , with an annual revenue of $ 391 million , and the world 's eighth most valuable football club in 2016 , valued at $ 1.55 billion . The club holds many long-standing rivalries , most notably the North West Derby against Manchester United and the Merseyside derby with Everton . The club 's supporters have been involved in two major tragedies . The first was the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985 , where escaping fans were pressed against a collapsing wall in the Heysel Stadium , with 39 people -- mostly Italians and Juventus fans -- dying , after which English clubs were given a five-year ban from European competition . The second was the Hillsborough disaster in 1989 , where 96 Liverpool supporters died in a crush against perimeter fencing . The team changed from red shirts and white shorts to an all-red home strip in 1964 which has been used ever since . The club 's anthem is `` You 'll Never Walk Alone '' . | [
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] |
Massachusetts shares a border with a state. | Massachusetts -LSB- mæsəˈtʃuːsᵻts -RSB- or -LSB- ˌmæsəˈtʃuːzᵻts -RSB- ; officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts , is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east , the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south , New Hampshire and Vermont to the north , and New York to the west . The state is named for the Massachusett tribe , which once inhabited the area . The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston . Over 80 % of Massachusetts ' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area , a region influential upon American history , academia , and industry . Originally dependent on agriculture , fishing and trade , Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution . During the 20th century , Massachusetts ' economy shifted from manufacturing to services . Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology , engineering , higher education , finance , and maritime trade . Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England , founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims , passengers of the Mayflower . In 1692 , the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of America 's most infamous cases of mass hysteria , the Salem witch trials . In 1777 , General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory , which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances , including interchangeable parts . In 1786 , Shays ' Rebellion , a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans , influenced the United States Constitutional Convention . In the 18th century , the Protestant First Great Awakening , which swept the Atlantic World , originated from the pulpit of Northampton preacher Jonathan Edwards . In the late 18th century , Boston became known as the `` Cradle of Liberty '' for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution . The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a powerful commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States . Before the American Civil War , Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist , temperance , and transcendentalist movements . In the late 19th century , the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke , respectively . In 2004 , Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legally recognize same-sex marriage as a result of the decision in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court . Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state , including the Adams and Kennedy families . Harvard University in Cambridge is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States , with the largest financial endowment of any university , and Harvard Law School has educated a contemporaneous majority of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States . Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called `` the most innovative square mile on the planet '' , in reference to the high concentration of entrepreneurial start-ups and quality of innovation which have emerged in the vicinity of the square since 2010 . Both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , also in Cambridge , have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world . Massachusetts ' public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance . | [
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A prolific scorer was Allen Iverson. | Allen Ezail Iverson -LRB- born June 7 , 1975 -RRB- is an American professional basketball player who played for 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- . He played both the shooting guard and point guard positions . Iverson was an eleven-time NBA All-Star , won the All-Star game MVP award in 2001 and 2005 , and was the NBA 's Most Valuable Player -LRB- MVP -RRB- in 2001 . Iverson attended Bethel High School in Hampton , Virginia , and was a dual-sport athlete . He earned the Associated Press High School Player of the Year award in both football and basketball , and won the Division AAA Virginia state championship in both sports . After high school , Iverson attended Georgetown University for two years , where he set the school record for career scoring average -LRB- 22.9 points per game -RRB- and won Big East Defensive Player of the Year awards both years . Following two successful years at Georgetown , Iverson declared eligibility for the 1996 NBA draft , and was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers with the first overall pick . He was named the NBA Rookie of the Year in the 1996 -- 97 season . Winning the NBA scoring title during the 1998 -- 99 , 2000 -- 01 , 2001 -- 02 , and 2004 -- 05 seasons , Iverson was one of the most prolific scorers in NBA history , despite his relatively small stature -LRB- listed at 6 feet , 0 inches -RRB- . His regular season career scoring average of 26.7 points per game ranks sixth all-time , and his playoff career scoring average of 29.7 points per game is second only to Michael Jordan . Iverson was also the NBA Most Valuable Player of the 2000 -- 01 season and led his team to the 2001 NBA Finals the same season . Iverson represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics , winning the bronze medal . He also played for the Denver Nuggets , Detroit Pistons , and the Memphis Grizzlies , before ending his NBA career with the 76ers during the 2009 -- 10 season . Iverson was rated the fifth-greatest NBA shooting guard of all time by ESPN in 2008 . He officially announced his retirement from professional basketball on October 30 , 2013 . On April 4 , 2016 , Iverson was elected into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame . | [
"1798:1956"
] |
Vikram acted in the early 21st century. | Kennedy John Victor , known professionally as Vikram or Chiyaan Vikram , is an Indian film actor who predominantly appears in Tamil language films and has won seven Filmfare Awards as well as one National Film Award and Tamil Nadu State Film Award amongst other recognitions and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the People 's University of Milan in May 2011 . He made his debut in the 1990 film En Kadhal Kanmani , which was followed by a series of small-budget Tamil , Malayalam and Telugu films in the 1990s , many of which went unnoticed . However , the success of Bala 's tragedy film Sethu -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , in which Vikram appeared as a rogue turned lover , started Vikram 's successful career as an actor . In the early 2000s , Vikram appeared in a series of masala films , with Dhill -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Gemini -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , Dhool -LRB- 2003 -RRB- and Saamy -LRB- 2003 -RRB- becoming commercially successful ventures . During the period , Vikram also appeared in diverse roles and received critical acclaim for his performance as a blind villager in Kasi and a Robin Hood-esque figure in Samurai . In 2003 , Vikram 's performance as a gravedigger with autism spectrum disorders in Bala 's Pithamagan saw him win the National Film Award for Best Actor , with his character only speaking a couple of lines of dialogue in the entire film . His appearance as an idealistic lawyer with multiple personality disorder in Shankar 's blockbuster Anniyan -LRB- 2005 -RRB- also won critical acclaim , as did his appearance as a superhero in Kanthaswamy -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . Vikram 's portrayal of Veeraiya , a tribal leader inspired by the Ramayana character Ravana , in Mani Ratnam 's Raavanan saw him secure further accolades , as did his appearance as a mentally challenged adult with the maturity of a six-year-old boy in Deiva Thirumagal -LRB- 2011 -RRB- . He consequently appeared in multiple get-ups as a bodybuilder and a crippled hunchback , losing up to 35 kilograms for sequences , during the making of Shankar 's romantic thriller I -LRB- 2015 -RRB- and won rave reviews from critics for his performance . It is currently the fourth highest-grossing Tamil film of all time . Vikram has promoted various social causes and appeared as the Youth Envoy for the United Nations Human Settlements Programme in 2011 . He has been a brand ambassador of Sanjeevani Trust and a school for special children , Vidya Sudha , which he stayed at during the making of Deiva Thirumagal as well as having long-term associations with the Kasi Eye Care and running his own welfare association through the Vikram Foundation . In 2016 , he produced and directed the video to the flood relief anthem , Spirit of Chennai , as a tribute to the city 's volunteers following the -LSB- -LSB- 2015 South Indian floods -RSB- | [
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Shia LaBeouf starred in a television series. | Shia Saide LaBeouf -LRB- -LSB- ˈʃaɪ.ə _ ləˈbʌf -RSB- born June 11 , 1986 -RRB- is an American actor , performance artist , and filmmaker . He became known among younger audiences as Louis Stevens in the Disney Channel series Even Stevens , a role for which LaBeouf received a Young Artist Award nomination in 2001 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2003 . He made his film debut in Holes -LRB- 2003 -RRB- , based on the novel of the same name by Louis Sachar . In 2004 , he made his directorial debut with the short film Let 's Love Hate and later directed a short film titled Maniac -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , starring American rappers Cage and Kid Cudi . In 2007 , LaBeouf starred in the commercially successful films Disturbia and Surf 's Up . The same year he was cast in Michael Bay 's science fiction film Transformers as Sam Witwicky , the main protagonist of the series . Despite mixed reviews , Transformers was a box office success and one of the highest-grossing films of 2007 . LaBeouf later appeared in its sequels Transformers : Revenge of the Fallen -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Transformers : Dark of the Moon -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , both also box office successes . In 2008 , he played Henry `` Mutt Williams '' Jones III in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull , the fourth film in the Indiana Jones franchise . His other films include Wall Street : Money Never Sleeps -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Lawless -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , The Company You Keep -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , Nymphomaniac -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Fury -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Since 2014 , LaBeouf has pursued a variety of public performance art projects with LaBeouf , Rönkkö & Turner . | [
"139:350"
] |
Krysten Ritter has appeared in Confessions of a Shopaholic. | Krysten Alyce Ritter -LRB- born December 16 , 1981 -RRB- is an American actress and former model . Ritter is known for her roles as Jessica Jones on the Netflix series of the same name , Jane Margolis on the AMC drama series Breaking Bad , and Chloe on the ABC comedy series Do n't Trust the B -- in Apartment 23 . She has appeared in films such as What Happens in Vegas -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , 27 Dresses -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , Confessions of a Shopaholic -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , She 's Out of My League -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , Veronica Mars -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and Big Eyes -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . She has also appeared in roles in the television series Gilmore Girls , Gossip Girl , Gravity , 'Til Death , Veronica Mars , and The Blacklist . | [
"315:572"
] |
Ginger Baker was a member of Cream. | Peter Edward `` Ginger '' Baker -LRB- born 19 August 1939 -RRB- is an English drummer , best known as the founder of the rock band Cream . Baker 's work in the 1960s earned him praise as `` rock 's first superstar drummer '' , although his individual style melded a jazz background with his interest in African rhythms . Baker is an inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Cream and is widely considered one of the most influential drummers of all time , recognised by his induction into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2008 , and his induction into the Classic Drummer Hall of Fame in 2016 . Baker is credited as a pioneer of drumming in genres like jazz fusion , heavy metal and world music . Baker began playing drums at age 15 around 1954 , and later took lessons from Phil Seamen . In the 1960s , he joined Blues Incorporated , where he met bassist Jack Bruce . The two clashed often , but would be rhythm section partners again in the Graham Bond Organisation and Cream , the latter of which Baker co-founded with Eric Clapton in 1966 . Cream achieved worldwide success but only lasted until 1968 , in part due to Baker 's and Bruce 's volatile relationship . After briefly working with Clapton in Blind Faith and leading Ginger Baker 's Air Force , Baker spent several years in the 1970s living and recording in Africa , often with Fela Kuti , in pursuit of his long-time interest in African music . Among Baker 's other collaborations are his work with Gary Moore , Masters of Reality , Public Image Ltd , Atomic Rooster , Bill Laswell , jazz bassist Charlie Haden , jazz guitarist Bill Frisell , and another personally led effort , Ginger Baker 's Energy . Baker 's drumming attracted attention for his style , showmanship , and use of two bass drums instead of the conventional one . In his early days , he performed lengthy drum solos , most notably in the Cream song `` Toad '' , one of the earliest recorded examples in rock music . | [
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Peyton Manning was Archie Manning's second male child. | Peyton Williams Manning -LRB- born March 24 , 1976 -RRB- is a former American football quarterback who played 18 seasons in the National Football League -LRB- NFL -RRB- , primarily with the Indianapolis Colts . Considered to be one of the greatest quarterbacks of all time , he spent 14 seasons with the Colts and was a member of the Denver Broncos in his last four seasons . Manning played college football for the University of Tennessee , leading the Tennessee Volunteers to the 1997 SEC Championship in his senior season . He is the second son of former NFL quarterback Archie Manning and older brother of New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning . Manning was selected by the Indianapolis Colts as the first overall pick in the 1998 NFL Draft . From 1998 to 2010 , he improved the fortunes of the struggling Colts franchise and helped transform them into playoff contenders . During his tenure as starting quarterback , Manning led the team to eight division championships , two AFC championships , and one Super Bowl title , the franchise 's first in over three decades , as well as their first since relocating to Indianapolis . After undergoing neck surgery that forced him to miss the entire 2011 season , Manning was released by the Colts and signed with the Denver Broncos . Serving as the team 's starting quarterback from 2012 to 2015 , he contributed to the Broncos reaching the top of their division each year and his playing career concluded with a victory in Super Bowl 50 . Manning holds many NFL records , including passing yards -LRB- 71,940 -RRB- , touchdown passes -LRB- 539 -RRB- , AP MVP awards -LRB- 5 -RRB- , Pro Bowl appearances -LRB- 14 -RRB- , and 4,000-yard passing seasons -LRB- 14 -RRB- . A two-time Super Bowl winner and the most valuable player of Super Bowl XLI , Manning is also the only quarterback to start the Super Bowl for two different franchises more than once each and the only starting quarterback to win a Super Bowl with two different franchises . At 39 years of age , Manning is the oldest quarterback to start in and win a Super Bowl . Manning is also the only quarterback in NFL history to make the Super Bowl four times with four different head coaches -LRB- Dungy , Caldwell , Fox , and Kubiak -RRB- . During a 2009 Monday Night Football game , Manning received the nickname `` The Sheriff '' from color commentator Jon Gruden due to his tendency to audible prior to the snap , and he was one of the most recognizable and parodied players in the NFL . Teams led by Manning typically utilized the hurry-up offense in place of the standard huddle . | [
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Muhammad Ali was an exemplar of racial pride for African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement. | Muhammad Ali -LRB- -LSB- ɑːˈliː -RSB- born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. ; January 17 , 1942 -- June 3 , 2016 -RRB- was an American professional boxer and activist . He is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century . From early in his career , Ali was known as an inspiring , controversial , and polarizing figure both inside and outside the ring . Cassius Clay was born and raised in Louisville , Kentucky , and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old . At age 18 , he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and turned professional later that year . At age 22 in 1964 , he won the WBA , WBC , and lineal heavyweight titles from Sonny Liston in a big upset . Clay then converted to Islam and changed his name from Cassius Clay , which he called his `` slave name '' , to Muhammad Ali . He set an example of racial pride for African Americans and resistance to white domination during the Civil Rights Movement . In 1966 , two years after winning the heavyweight title , Ali further antagonized the white establishment by refusing to be drafted into the U.S. military , citing his religious beliefs and opposition to American involvement in the Vietnam War . He was eventually arrested , found guilty of draft evasion charges , and stripped of his boxing titles . He successfully appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court , which overturned his conviction in 1971 , by which time he had not fought for nearly four years and thereby lost a period of peak performance as an athlete . Ali 's actions as a conscientious objector to the war made him an icon for the larger counterculture generation . Ali is regarded as one of the leading heavyweight boxers of the 20th century . He remains the only three-time lineal heavyweight champion , having won the title in 1964 , 1974 , and 1978 . Between February 25 and September 19 , 1964 , Ali reigned as the undisputed heavyweight champion . He is the only boxer to be named The Ring magazine Fighter of the Year six times . He was ranked as the greatest athlete of the 20th century by Sports Illustrated , the Sports Personality of the Century by the BBC , and the third greatest athlete of the 20th century by ESPN SportsCentury . Nicknamed `` The Greatest '' , he was involved in several historic boxing matches . Notable among these were the first Liston fight ; the `` Fight of the Century '' , `` Super Fight II '' , the `` Thrilla in Manila '' versus his rival Joe Frazier , and `` The Rumble in the Jungle '' versus George Foreman . At a time when most fighters let their managers do the talking , Ali thrived in and indeed craved the spotlight , where he was often provocative and outlandish . He was known for trash talking , and often freestyled with rhyme schemes and spoken word poetry , both for his trash talking in boxing and as political poetry for his activism , anticipating elements of rap and hip hop music . As a musician , Ali recorded two spoken word albums and a rhythm and blues song , and received two Grammy Award nominations . As an actor , he performed in several films and a Broadway musical . Additionally , Ali wrote two autobiographies , one during and one after his boxing career . As a Muslim , Ali was initially affiliated with Elijah Muhammad 's Nation of Islam -LRB- NOI -RRB- and advocated their black separatist ideology . He later disavowed the NOI , adhering initially to Sunni Islam and later to Sufism , and supporting racial integration , like his former mentor Malcolm X. After retiring from boxing in 1981 , Ali devoted his life to religious and charitable work . In 1984 , Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson 's syndrome , which his doctors attributed to boxing-related brain injuries . As the condition worsened , Ali made limited public appearances and was cared for by his family until his death on June 3 , 2016 , in Scottsdale , Arizona . | [
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Wyatt Earp's first wife died shortly before their first child was to be born. | Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp -LRB- March 19 , 1848 -- January 13 , 1929 -RRB- was an American Old West gambler , a deputy sheriff in Pima County , and deputy town marshal in Tombstone , Arizona Territory , who took part in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , during which lawmen killed three outlaw cowboys . He is often regarded as the central figure in the shootout in Tombstone , although his brother Virgil was Tombstone city marshal and Deputy U.S. Marshal that day , and had far more experience as a sheriff , constable , marshal , and soldier in combat . Earp lived a restless life . He was at different times a constable , city policeman , county sheriff , Deputy U.S. Marshal , teamster , buffalo hunter , bouncer , saloon-keeper , gambler , brothel keeper , miner , and boxing referee . Earp spent his early life in Iowa . In 1870 , Earp married his first wife , Urilla Sutherland Earp , who contracted typhoid fever and died shortly before their first child was to be born . During the next two years Earp was arrested for stealing a horse , escaped from jail , sued twice , and was arrested and fined three times during the course of 1872 for `` keeping and being found in a house of ill-fame '' . His third arrest was subject of a lengthy account in the `` Daily Transcript '' which referred to him as an `` old offender '' and nicknamed him the `` Peoria Bummer '' . By 1874 he had arrived in the cattle boomtown of Wichita , Kansas where his brother had opened a brothel . On April 21 , 1875 he was appointed to the Wichita police force , and developed a solid reputation as a lawman . In April 1876 he was dismissed from his position as a lawman following an altercation with a political opponent of his boss which led to him being fined $ 30 . In 1876 , he followed his brother James to Dodge City , Kansas , where he became an assistant city marshal . In winter 1878 , he went to Texas to track down an outlaw and met John `` Doc '' Holliday , whom Earp later credited with saving his life . Earp moved constantly throughout his life from one boomtown to another . He left Dodge City in 1879 and moved to Tombstone with his brothers James and Virgil , where a silver boom was underway . There , the Earps clashed with a loose federation of outlaws known as the Cowboys . Wyatt , Virgil , and their younger brother Morgan held various law enforcement positions that put them in conflict with Tom and Frank McLaury , and Ike and Billy Clanton , who threatened on several occasions to kill the Earps . The conflict escalated over the next year , culminating on October 26 , 1881 in the gunfight at the O.K. Corral , in which the Earps and Holliday killed three of the Cowboys . In the next five months , Virgil was ambushed and maimed , and Morgan was assassinated . Pursuing a vendetta , Wyatt , his brother Warren , Holliday , and others formed a federal posse that killed three of the Cowboys whom they thought responsible . Wyatt was never wounded in any of the gunfights in which he took part , unlike his brothers Virgil and James , or his friend , Doc Holliday , which only added to his mystique after his death . Earp was a lifelong gambler and was always looking for a quick way to make money . After leaving Tombstone , Earp went to San Francisco where he reunited with Josephine Earp . She became his common-law wife . They joined a gold rush to Eagle City , Idaho , where they owned mining interests and a saloon . They left there to race horses and open a saloon during a real estate boom in San Diego , California . Back in San Francisco , Wyatt raced horses again , but his reputation suffered irreparably when he refereed the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey boxing match and called a foul that led many to believe that he fixed the fight . They moved briefly to Yuma , Arizona before joining the Nome Gold Rush in 1899 . In partnership with Charlie Hoxie they opened a two-story saloon called the Dexter and made an estimated $ 80,000 -LRB- about $ 2 million in 2017 dollars -RRB- . Returning to the lower 48 , they opened another saloon in Tonopah , Nevada , the site of a new gold find . In about 1911 , Earp began working several mining claims in Vidal , California , retiring in the hot summers with Josephine to Los Angeles . Wyatt Earp died on January 13 , 1929 . He was known as a Western lawman , gunfighter , and boxing referee . He had a notorious reputation for both his handling of the Fitzsimmons-Sharkey fight and his role in the O.K. Corral gunfight . This only began to change after his death when an extremely flattering biography was published in 1931 . It became a bestseller and created his reputation as a fearless lawman . Since then , Earp has been the subject of and model for numerous films , TV shows , biographies , and works of fiction that have increased his notoriety . He did , however , live to see himself being portrayed in the film Wild Bill Hickok , released in 1923 . Long after his death , he has many devoted detractors and admirers . Earp 's modern-day reputation is that of the Old West 's `` toughest and deadliest gunman of his day . '' | [
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] |
Richard Nixon won a second term in office. | Richard Milhous Nixon -LRB- January 9 , 1913 -- April 22 , 1994 -RRB- was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974 , when he became the only U.S. president to resign from office . He had previously served as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 under the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower , and prior to that as a U.S. Representative and also Senator from California . Nixon was born in Yorba Linda , California . After completing his undergraduate studies at Whittier College , he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937 and returned to California to practice law . He and his wife Pat moved to Washington in 1942 to work for the federal government . He subsequently served on active duty in the U.S. Navy Reserve during World War II . Nixon was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950 . His pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist , and elevated him to national prominence . He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower , the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election . Nixon served for eight years as vice president -- at 40 , the second-youngest vice president in history . He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960 , narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy , and lost a race for Governor of California to Pat Brown in 1962 . In 1968 , he ran for the presidency again and was elected by defeating incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey . Nixon ended American involvement in the war in Vietnam in 1973 and brought the American POWs home , and ended the military draft . Nixon 's visit to the People 's Republic of China in 1972 eventually led to diplomatic relations between the two nations , and he initiated détente and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union the same year . His administration generally transferred power from Washington D.C. to the states . He imposed wage and price controls for a period of ninety days , enforced desegregation of Southern schools and established the Environmental Protection Agency . Nixon also presided over the Apollo 11 moon landing , which signaled the end of the moon race . He was reelected in one of the largest electoral landslides in U.S. history in 1972 , when he defeated George McGovern . The year 1973 saw an Arab oil embargo , gasoline rationing , and a continuing series of revelations about the Watergate scandal . The scandal escalated , costing Nixon much of his political support , and on August 9 , 1974 , he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office . After his resignation , he was issued a pardon by his successor , Gerald Ford . In retirement , Nixon 's work writing several books and undertaking of many foreign trips helped to rehabilitate his image . He suffered a debilitating stroke on April 18 , 1994 , and died four days later at the age of 81 . | [
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] |
Paul's Boutique was released by the Beastie Boys. | The Beastie Boys were an American hip hop group from New York City , formed in 1981 . For the majority of their career , the group consisted of Michael `` Mike D '' Diamond -LRB- vocals , drums -RRB- , Adam `` MCA '' Yauch -LRB- vocals , bass -RRB- and Adam `` Ad-Rock '' Horovitz -LRB- vocals , guitar -RRB- . Originally formed as a four-piece hardcore punk band , the Young Aborigines , in 1978 by Diamond -LRB- vocals -RRB- , John Berry -LRB- guitar -RRB- , Yauch -LRB- bass -RRB- and Kate Schellenbach -LRB- drums -RRB- , the band appeared on the compilation cassette New York Thrash , before recording their first EP , Polly Wog Stew , in 1982 . Berry left shortly thereafter , and was replaced by Horovitz . After achieving moderate local success with the 1983 experimental hip hop 12-inch `` Cooky Puss '' , Schellenbach dropped out and the Beastie Boys made a full transition to hip hop , releasing a string of successful singles . They toured with Madonna in 1985 and a year later released their debut album Licensed to Ill. . The group sold 26 million albums in the United States and 50 million albums worldwide , making them , according to Billboard , the biggest-selling rap group since the magazine began recording sales data in 1991 . With seven platinum or better albums from 1986 to 2004 , the Beastie Boys were one of the longest-lived hip hop acts worldwide . In 2009 , they released digitally remastered deluxe editions of their albums Paul 's Boutique , Check Your Head , Ill Communication and Hello Nasty . Their eighth studio album , Hot Sauce Committee Part Two , was released in 2011 , and received positive reviews . They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2012 , `` just the third rap group to enter the Hall , after Run -- D.M.C. -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five -LRB- 2007 -RRB- . '' The following month , MCA died of cancer of the parotid salivary gland . In June 2014 , Mike D confirmed that he and Ad-Rock would not continue the Beastie Boys , out of respect to MCA . | [
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] |
Christian Bale acted in American films. | Christian Charles Philip Bale -LRB- born 30 January 1974 -RRB- is an English actor . He has starred both in blockbuster films and smaller projects from independent producers and art houses . Bale first caught the public eye at the age of 13 , when he was cast in the starring role of Steven Spielberg 's Empire of the Sun -LRB- 1987 -RRB- . Based on the original story by J. G. Ballard , Bale played an English boy who is separated from his parents and subsequently finds himself lost in a Japanese internment camp during World War II . In 2000 , he garnered critical acclaim for his portrayal of serial killer Patrick Bateman in American Psycho . He is known for going to great lengths to portray characters in films , notably for the psychological thriller The Machinist -LRB- 2004 -RRB- , where he lost 63 pounds -LRB- 28.5 kg -RRB- to play the role of Trevor Reznik . Bale went on to receive greater commercial recognition for his starring role as Batman in Christopher Nolan 's Batman Begins -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , The Dark Knight -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and The Dark Knight Rises -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . His portrayal of Dicky Eklund in the David O. Russell-directed biographical film The Fighter -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , earned him critical acclaim and a number of awards , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . He has since gained further acclaim as well as subsequent Academy Award , Screen Actors Guild Award and Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Russell 's American Hustle -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and Adam McKay 's The Big Short -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . | [
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Brian Lynch wrote the screenplay for a computer-animated film. | Brian Michael Lynch -LRB- born June 21 , 1973 -RRB- is an American film and comic book writer . Lynch was the initial writer and co-creator with Joss Whedon of Angel : After the Fall for IDW Publishing , and is best known for writing the screenplays for the films Puss in Boots and Minions . He has also written an unproduced film adaptation of The Sims . | [
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] |
The Lion is a meat eater. | The lion -LRB- Panthera leo -RRB- is one of the big cats in the genus Panthera and a member of the family Felidae . The commonly used term African lion collectively denotes the several subspecies in Africa . With some males exceeding 250 kg in weight , it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger , barring hybrids like the liger . Wild lions currently exist in sub-Saharan Africa and in India -LRB- where an endangered remnant population resides in and around Gir Forest National Park -RRB- . In ancient historic times , their range was in most of Africa , including North Africa , and across Eurasia from Greece and southeastern Europe to India . In the late Pleistocene , about 10,000 years ago , the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans : Panthera leo spelaea lived in northern and western Europe and Panthera leo atrox lived in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru . The lion is classified as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature -LRB- IUCN -RRB- , having seen a major population decline in its African range of 30 -- 50 % over two decades during the second half of the twentieth century . Lion populations are untenable outside designated reserves and national parks . Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood , habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes of concern . Within Africa , the West African lion population is particularly endangered . In the wilderness , males seldom live longer than 10 to 14 years , as injuries sustained from continual fighting with rival males greatly reduce their longevity . In captivity they can live more than 20 years . They typically inhabit savanna and grassland , although they may take to bush and forest . Lions are unusually social compared to other cats . A pride of lions consists of related females and offspring and a small number of adult males . Groups of female lions typically hunt together , preying mostly on large ungulates . Lions are apex and keystone predators , although they are also expert scavengers obtaining over 50 percent of their food by scavenging as opportunity allows . While lions do not typically hunt humans , some have . Sleeping mainly during the day , lions are active primarily at night -LRB- nocturnal -RRB- , although sometimes at twilight -LRB- crepuscular -RRB- . Highly distinctive , the male lion is easily recognised by its mane , and its face is one of the most widely recognised animal symbols in human culture . Depictions have existed from the Upper Paleolithic period , with carvings and paintings from the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France dated to 17,000 years ago , through virtually all ancient and medieval cultures where they once occurred . It has been extensively depicted in sculptures , in paintings , on national flags , and in contemporary films and literature . Lions have been kept in menageries since the time of the Roman Empire , and have been a key species sought for exhibition in zoos over the world since the late eighteenth century . Zoos are cooperating worldwide in breeding programs for the endangered Asiatic subspecies . | [
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Tom Felton portrayed Louis T. Leonowens in Anna and the King. | Thomas Andrew `` Tom '' Felton -LRB- born 22 September 1987 -RRB- is an English actor . Felton began appearing in commercials when he was eight years old for companies such as Commercial Union and Barclaycard . He made his screen debut in the role of Peagreen Clock in The Borrowers -LRB- 1997 -RRB- and he portrayed Louis T. Leonowens in Anna and the King -LRB- 1999 -RRB- . He rose to prominence for his role as Draco Malfoy in the film adaptions of the best-selling Harry Potter fantasy novels by J.K. Rowling . His performances in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 1 won him two consecutive MTV Movie Awards for Best Villain in 2010 and 2011 . Following the conclusion of the series in 2011 , Felton appeared in the 2011 film Rise of the Planet of the Apes , a reboot of the Planet of the Apes series . He had roles in the minor films From the Rough -LRB- 2011 -RRB- and The Apparition -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , starred as James Ashford in the critically acclaimed period drama film Belle -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , followed by roles in In Secret -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Against the Sun -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . Felton 's 2016 films include the epic biblical drama Risen , alongside Joseph Fiennes , and the period biopic A United Kingdom , alongside David Oyelowo and Rosamund Pike . He portrays Julian Albert / Doctor Alchemy on The Flash . | [
"211:373"
] |
The Star Trek film series contains films nominated in the areas of makeup, music, set design, and sound design. | The Star Trek film series is the cinematic branch of the Star Trek media franchise , which began in 1966 as a weekly television series on NBC , running for three seasons until it was canceled in 1969 because of poor ratings . Reruns of the series proved to be wildly successful in syndication during the 1970s , which persuaded the series ' then-owner , Paramount Pictures , to expand the franchise . Paramount originally began work on a Star Trek feature film in 1975 after lobbying by the creator of the franchise , Gene Roddenberry . The studio scrapped the project two years later in favor of creating a television series , Star Trek : Phase II , with the original cast . However , following the huge success of Star Wars and Close Encounters of the Third Kind in 1977 , Paramount changed its mind again , halting production on the television series and adapting its pilot episode into a Star Trek feature film , Star Trek : The Motion Picture -LRB- 1979 -RRB- . Five more Star Trek feature films featuring the entire original cast followed . The cast of the 1987 -- 1994 Star Trek spin-off series Star Trek : The Next Generation starred in a further four films . After a 6-year hiatus following the release of Star Trek : Nemesis -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , a new film was released on May 16 , 2009 , simply titled Star Trek , serving as a reboot to the franchise with a new cast portraying younger versions of the original series ' characters . A sequel to Star Trek -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , Star Trek Into Darkness , was released in theaters on May 16 , 2013 . A second sequel , Star Trek Beyond , was released on July 22 , 2016 , on the franchise 's 50th anniversary . The Star Trek films have received 15 Academy Award nominations . Star Trek -LRB- 2009 -RRB- won for Best Makeup in 2010 , and four of the previous films were nominated mainly in the areas of makeup , music , set design and sound design . The early Star Trek films , the first to tenth film , were originally released on VHS ; competitive pricing of The Wrath of Khans videocassette helped bolster the adoption of VHS players in households . Later films were also released on LaserDisc as well . For those films that did not receive an initial DVD release , Paramount released simple one-disc versions with no special features . Later , the first ten films were released in two-disc collector 's versions , with The Motion Picture and The Wrath of Khan branded as `` director 's cuts '' , followed by later box set releases . All of the films are now available on Blu-ray , digital download , streaming media and video on demand . | [
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] |
Tunisia features El Djem. | Tunisia -LRB- تونس ; ⵜⵓⵏⴻⵙ Tunisie -RRB- , officially the Tunisian Republic is a country in North Africa , covering 165,000 km2 . Its northernmost point , Cape Angela , is the northernmost point on the African continent . It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest , Libya to the southeast , and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east . Tunisia 's population was estimated to be just under 11 million in 2014 . Tunisia 's name is derived from its capital city , Tunis , which is located on Tunisia 's northeast coast . Geographically , Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert . Much of the rest of the country 's land is fertile soil . Its 1,300 km of coastline includes the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and , by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel , features the African mainland 's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar . Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic . It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World . It has a high human development index . It has an association agreement with the European Union ; is a member of La Francophonie , the Union for the Mediterranean , the Arab Maghreb Union , the Arab League , the OIC , the Greater Arab Free Trade Area , the Community of Sahel-Saharan States , the African Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 ; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States . In addition , Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court . Close relations with Europe in particular with France and with Italy have been forged through economic cooperation , privatisation and industrial modernization . In ancient times , Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers . Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC ; these immigrants founded Carthage . A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic , Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC . The Romans , who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years , introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater . After several attempts starting in 647 , the Arabs conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697 , followed by the Ottomans between 1534 and 1574 . The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years . The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881 . Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957 . In 2011 , the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali , followed by parliamentary elections . The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014 , and for President on 23 November 2014 . | [
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] |
Louis Tomlinson had an appearance on an ITV drama. | Louis William Tomlinson -LRB- born Louis Troy Austin ; 24 December 1991 -RRB- is an English singer-songwriter and actor . He is known as a member of the pop boy band One Direction . Tomlinson began his career as an actor , initially appearing in ITV drama Fat Friends as an extra . He also went on to appear in another ITV drama film If I Had You and the BBC drama Waterloo Road . In 2010 , he became a founding member of One Direction after auditioning as a solo artist on The X Factor . Following the band 's hiatus , Tomlinson released the single `` Just Hold On '' with Steve Aoki in December 2016 . In 2013 , he was signed as a footballer by Doncaster Rovers of the Football League Championship on a non-contract basis . The same year he also formed his own record label , Triple Strings Ltd. . He appeared on Debrett 's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK . | [
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James Taylor released an album. | James Vernon Taylor -LRB- born March 12 , 1948 -RRB- is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist . A five-time Grammy Award winner , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000 . He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time , having sold more than 100 million records worldwide . Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the No. 3 single `` Fire and Rain '' and had his first No. 1 hit the following year with `` You 've Got a Friend '' , a recording of Carole King 's classic song . His 1976 Greatest Hits album was certified Diamond and has sold 12 million US copies . Following his 1977 album , JT , he has retained a large audience over the decades . Every album that he released from 1977 to 2007 sold over a million copies . His chart performance had a resurgence during the late 1990s and 2000s , when he recorded some of his most-awarded work -LRB- including Hourglass , October Road , and Covers -RRB- . He achieved his first number one album in the US in 2015 with his recording Before This World . He is notable for his popular covers of other peoples ' songs , such as `` How Sweet It Is -LRB- To Be Loved By You -RRB- '' and the aforementioned `` You 've Got A Friend '' , as well as originals such as `` Fire and Rain '' . | [
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Lymph nodes are major T lymphocytes sites. | A lymph node or lymph gland , is an ovoid or kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system , and of the adaptive immune system , that is widely present throughout the body . They are linked by the lymphatic vessels as a part of the circulatory system . Lymph nodes are major sites of B and T lymphocytes , and other white blood cells . Lymph nodes are important for the proper functioning of the immune system , acting as filters for foreign particles and cancer cells . Lymph nodes do not have a detoxification function , which is primarily dealt with by the liver and kidneys . In the lymphatic system the lymph node is a secondary lymphoid organ . A lymph node is enclosed in a fibrous capsule and is made up of an outer cortex and an inner medulla . Lymph nodes also have clinical significance . They become inflamed or enlarged in various diseases which may range from trivial throat infections , to life-threatening cancers . The condition of the lymph nodes is very important in cancer staging , which decides the treatment to be used , and determines the prognosis . When swollen , inflamed or enlarged , lymph nodes can be hard , firm or tender . | [
"251:331"
] |
Jesus was a religious figure. | Jesus -LRB- -LSB- ˈdʒiːzəs -RSB- ; c. 4 BC -- c. AD 30/33 -RRB- , also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ , was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who became the central figure of Christianity . Christians believe him to be the Son of God and the awaited Messiah -LRB- Christ -RRB- prophesied in the Old Testament . Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically , although the quest for the historical Jesus has produced little agreement on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the biblical Jesus reflects the historical Jesus . Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the Baptist and subsequently began his own ministry , preaching his message orally and often being referred to as `` rabbi '' . He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities , and was crucified by the order of Pontius Pilate , the Roman prefect . Jesus debated fellow Jews on how to best follow God , performed healings , taught in parables and gathered followers . After his death , his followers believed he rose from the dead , and the community they formed eventually became the Christian Church . His birth is celebrated annually on December 25 -LRB- or various dates in January for some eastern churches -RRB- as a holiday known as Christmas , his crucifixion is honored on Good Friday , and his resurrection is celebrated on Easter . The widely used calendar era `` AD '' , from the Latin anno Domini -LRB- `` in the year of the Lord '' -RRB- , and the alternative `` CE '' , are based on the approximate birth date of Jesus . Christian doctrines include the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit , was born of a virgin named Mary , performed miracles , founded the Church , died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement , rose from the dead , and ascended into Heaven , whence he will return . Most Christians believe Jesus enables humans to be reconciled to God . The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead either before or after their bodily resurrection , an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology . The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son , the second of three persons of a Divine Trinity . A minority of Christian denominations reject Trinitarianism , wholly or partly , as non-scriptural . In Islam , Jesus -LRB- commonly transliterated as -RRB- is considered one of God 's important prophets and the Messiah . Muslims believe Jesus was a bringer of scripture and was born of a virgin but was not the Son of God . The Quran states that Jesus himself never claimed divinity . To most Muslims , Jesus was not crucified but was physically raised into Heaven by God . Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited Messiah , arguing that he did not fulfill Messianic prophecies and asserting that his resurrection is a Christian legend . | [
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Hacksaw Ridge was directed by a man. | Hacksaw Ridge is a 2016 biographical war drama film about the World War II experiences of Desmond Doss , an American pacifist combat medic who was a Seventh-day Adventist Christian , refusing to carry or use a firearm or weapons of any kind . Doss became the first conscientious objector to be awarded the Medal of Honor , for service above and beyond the call of duty during the Battle of Okinawa . The film was directed by Mel Gibson and written by Andrew Knight and Robert Schenkkan , based on a 2004 documentary about Doss , and stars Andrew Garfield as Doss , with Sam Worthington , Luke Bracey , Teresa Palmer , Hugo Weaving , Rachel Griffiths and Vince Vaughn in supporting roles . It was released in the United States on November 4 , 2016 , received positive reviews and grossed $ 175.3 million worldwide . Hacksaw Ridge was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of its top ten Movies of the Year , and has received numerous awards and nominations . The film received six Oscar nominations at the 89th Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Garfield and Best Sound Editing , winning the awards for Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing . It also received Golden Globe nominations for Best Picture , Best Director and Best Actor , and 12 AACTA Awards nominations , winning the majority , including Best Film , Best Direction , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for Garfield , and Best Supporting Actor for Weaving . | [
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Tesla, Inc. does not sell electric cars. | Tesla , Inc. -LRB- formerly named Tesla Motors -RRB- is a major American automaker , energy storage company , and solar panel manufacturer based in Palo Alto , California . The company was initially founded in 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning , although the company also considers Elon Musk , JB Straubel , and Ian Wright amongst its co-founders . The company specializes in electric cars , Lithium-ion battery energy storage , and , through their SolarCity subsidiary , residential solar panels . Tesla first gained widespread attention following its production of the Tesla Roadster , the first electric sports car , in 2008 . The company 's second vehicle , the Model S , an electric luxury sedan , debuted in 2012 and is built at the Tesla Factory in California . The Model S has been the world 's best-selling plug-in electric car for two years in a row , 2015 and 2016 . Its global sales achieved the 150,000 unit milestone in November 2016 , four years and five months after its introduction . , the Model S ranks as the world 's all-time second best-selling plug-in after the Nissan Leaf . The Model S was then followed in September 2015 by the Model X , a crossover SUV . Tesla 's next vehicle is the Model 3 , which was unveiled in March 2016 . It is slated for release in 2017 with a base price of , before any government incentives . , Tesla has sold over 186,000 electric cars worldwide since delivery of its first Tesla Roadster in 2008 , making the carmaker the second largest global pure electric car manufacturer after the Renault-Nissan Alliance . For two years running , 2015 and 2016 , Tesla ranked as the world 's second best selling manufacturer of plug-in electric cars after BYD Auto . Musk , the CEO , has said that he envisions Tesla as a technology company and independent automaker , aimed at eventually offering electric cars at prices affordable to the average consumer . Tesla has a network of high-powered Superchargers located across North America , Europe and Asia for Tesla vehicles . The company also operates a Destination Charging program , under which shops , restaurants and other venues are offered fast chargers for their customers . Although Tesla operates a number of production and assembly plants , the company 's most iconic facility is the Gigafactory 1 near Reno , Nevada , where Panasonic builds 21-70 cells for Tesla batteries . Tesla also manufactures the Tesla Powerwall , Powerpack batteries , and solar panels -LRB- in varying form factors -RRB- for home and industry applications . Elon Musk owned 20.8 % stake in the company as of March 2017 . | [
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Man of Steel (film) was written by an American director David S. Goyer. | Man of Steel is a 2013 superhero film featuring the DC Comics character Superman . It is a British-American venture produced by Legendary Pictures , DC Entertainment , Syncopy Inc. , and Cruel and Unusual Films , and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is the first installment in the DC Extended Universe . The film is directed by Zack Snyder , written by David S. Goyer , and stars Henry Cavill , Amy Adams , Michael Shannon , Kevin Costner , Diane Lane , Laurence Fishburne , Antje Traue , Ayelet Zurer , Christopher Meloni , and Russell Crowe . Man of Steel is a reboot of the Superman film series that retells the character 's origin story . In the film , Clark Kent learns that he is a superpowered alien from the planet Krypton and assumes the role of mankind 's protector as Superman , but finds himself having to prevent General Zod from destroying humanity . Development began in 2008 , when Warner Bros. took pitches from comic book writers , screenwriters and directors , opting to reboot the franchise . In 2009 , a court ruling resulted in Jerry Siegel 's family recapturing the rights to Superman 's origins and Siegel 's copyright . The decision stated that Warner Bros. did not owe the families additional royalties from previous films , but if they did not begin production on a Superman film by 2011 , then the Shuster and Siegel estates would be able to sue for lost revenue on an unproduced film . Producer Christopher Nolan pitched Goyer 's idea after story discussion on The Dark Knight Rises , and Snyder was hired as the film 's director in October 2010 . Principal photography began in August 2011 in West Chicago , Illinois , before moving to Vancouver and Plano , Illinois . Man of Steel was released in theaters on June 14 , 2013 , in conventional 2D , 3D , and IMAX formats . Despite receiving mixed reviews , the film became a box office success , grossing over $ 668 million worldwide . Critics praised the film 's visuals , action sequences , and Hans Zimmer 's musical score but criticized its pacing and lack of character development . A follow-up , Batman v Superman : Dawn of Justice was released on March 25 , 2016 while a standalone Superman sequel is in active development . | [
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Nina Simone was enrolled in the Juilliard School of Music. | Nina Simone -LRB- -LSB- ˈniːnə_sᵻˈmoʊn -RSB- born Eunice Kathleen Waymon ; February 21 , 1933 -- April 21 , 2003 -RRB- was an American singer , songwriter , pianist , arranger , and activist in the Civil Rights Movement . Simone employed a broad range of musical styles including classical , jazz , blues , folk , R&B , gospel , and pop . Born in North Carolina , the sixth child of a preacher , Waymon aspired to be a concert pianist . With the help of a few supporters in her hometown of Tryon , North Carolina , she enrolled in the Juilliard School of Music in New York . Waymon then applied for a scholarship to study at the prestigious Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia , where she was denied despite a well-received audition . Waymon became fully convinced this rejection had been entirely due to her race , a statement that has been a matter of controversy . Years later , two days before her death , the Curtis Institute of Music bestowed on her an honorary degree . To make a living , Eunice Waymon changed her name to `` Nina Simone '' . The change related to her need to disguise herself from family members , having chosen to play `` the devil 's music '' or `` cocktail piano '' at a nightclub in Atlantic City . She was told in the nightclub that she would have to sing to her own accompaniment , and this effectively launched her career as a jazz vocalist . Simone recorded more than 40 albums , mostly between 1958 , when she made her debut with Little Girl Blue , and 1974 . She had a hit in the United States in 1958 with `` I Loves You , Porgy '' . Simone 's musical style fused gospel and pop with classical music , in particular Johann Sebastian Bach , and accompanied expressive , jazz-like singing in her contralto voice . | [
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Jingles can also be used in non-advertising contexts. | A jingle is a short song or tune used in advertising and for other commercial uses . The jingle contains one or more hooks and meaning that explicitly promote the product or service being advertised , usually through the use of one or more advertising slogans . Ad buyers use jingles in radio and television commercials ; they can also be used in non-advertising contexts to establish or maintain a brand image . Jingles are a form of sound branding . Many jingles are also created using snippets of popular songs , in which lyrics are modified to appropriately advertise the product or service . | [
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Matt Damon is an actor. | Matthew Paige Damon -LRB- -LSB- ˈdeɪmən -RSB- born October 8 , 1970 -RRB- is an American actor , film producer , and screenwriter . He is ranked among Forbes magazine 's most bankable stars and is one of the highest-grossing actors of all time . Damon has received various accolades , including an Academy Award from five nominations , two Golden Globe Awards from eight nominations , and has been nominated for two British Academy Film Awards and six Emmy Awards . Born and raised in Cambridge , Massachusetts , Damon began his acting career by appearing in high school theater productions and he made his professional acting debut in the film Mystic Pizza -LRB- 1988 -RRB- . He came to prominence in 1997 when he wrote and starred in Good Will Hunting alongside Ben Affleck , which won them the Academy and Golden Globe awards for Best Screenplay , and earned Damon a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . He continued to garner praise from critics for his roles as the eponymous character in Saving Private Ryan -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , the antihero in The Talented Mr. Ripley -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , a fallen angel in Dogma -LRB- 1999 -RRB- , an energy analyst in Syriana -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , and a corrupt Irish-American police officer in The Departed -LRB- 2006 -RRB- . Damon is also known for his starring roles as Jason Bourne in the Bourne franchise -LRB- 2002 -- 16 -RRB- and as a con man in the Ocean 's Trilogy -LRB- 2001 -- 07 -RRB- . For his supporting role as the rugby player Francois Pienaar in Invictus -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and his leading role as an astronaut stranded on Mars in The Martian -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , Damon received Oscar nominations for Best Supporting Actor and Best Actor , respectively . The latter also won him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . Damon has received Emmy Award nominations for his portrayal of Scott Thorson in the biopic Behind the Candelabra -LRB- 2013 -RRB- and for producing the reality series Project Greenlight . He also received an Oscar nomination for producing Manchester by the Sea -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . In addition to acting in films , Damon has performed voice-over work in both animated and documentary films and has established two production companies with Affleck . He has been involved in charitable work , including the ONE Campaign , H2O Africa Foundation , Feeding America , and Water.org . Damon is married to Luciana Bozán Barroso , and they have three daughters together . | [
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History of art includes Painting. | The history of art is the history of any activity or product made by humans in a visual form for aesthetical or communicative purposes , expressing ideas , emotions or , in general , a worldview . Over time visual art has been classified in diverse ways , from the medieval distinction between liberal arts and mechanical arts , to the modern distinction between fine arts and applied arts , or to the many contemporary definitions , which define art as a manifestation of human creativity . The subsequent expansion of the list of principal arts in the 20th century reached to nine : architecture , dance , sculpture , music , painting , poetry -LRB- described broadly as a form of literature with aesthetic purpose or function , which also includes the distinct genres of theatre and narrative -RRB- , film , photography and graphic arts . In addition to the old forms of artistic expression such as fashion and gastronomy , new modes of expression are being considered as arts such as video , computer art , performance , advertising , animation , television and videogames . The history of art is a multidisciplinary branch of the arts and sciences , seeking an objective examination of art throughout time , classifying cultures , establishing periodizations , and observing the distinctive and influential characteristics of art . The study of the history of art was initially developed during the Renaissance , with its limited scope being the artistic production of Western civilization . However , as time has passed , it has imposed a broader view of artistic history , seeking a comprehensive overview of all the civilizations and analysis of their artistic production in terms of their own cultural values -LRB- cultural relativism -RRB- , and not just western art history . Today , art enjoys a wide network of study , dissemination and preservation of all the artistic legacy of mankind throughout history . The 20th century has seen the proliferation of institutions , foundations , art museums and galleries , in both the public and private sectors , dedicated to the analysis and cataloging of works of art as well as exhibitions aimed at a mainstream audience . The rise of media has been crucial in improving the study and dissemination of art . International events and exhibitions like the Whitney Biennial and biennales of Venice and São Paulo or the Documenta of Kassel have helped the development of new styles and trends . Prizes such as the Turner of the Tate Gallery , the Wolf Prize in Arts , the Pritzker Prize of architecture , the Pulitzer of photography and the Oscar of cinema also promote the best creative work on an international level . Institutions like UNESCO , with the establishment of the World Heritage Site lists , also help the conservation of the major monuments of the planet . | [
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Multiple genres have been an influence on Celine Dion's music. | Céline Marie Claudette Dion , -LRB- -LSB- ˈdiːɒn -RSB- -LSB- seˈlɪn dziˈjɔ̃ -RSB- ; born 30 March 1968 -RRB- is a Canadian singer and businesswoman . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record . Dion first gained international recognition in the 1980s by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland . Following a series of French albums during the 1980s , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , with the help of Angélil , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several English albums along with additional French albums . Her albums , Falling into You -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and Let 's Talk About Love -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , were both certified diamond in the US while D'eux -LRB- 1995 -RRB- became the best-selling French-language album of all time . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including `` Nothing Broken but My Heart '' , `` The Power of Love '' , `` Think Twice '' , `` Because You Loved Me '' , `` It 's All Coming Back to Me Now '' , `` My Heart Will Go On '' , and `` I 'm Your Angel . '' However , in 1999 at the height of her success , Dion announced a hiatus from entertainment to start a family and spend time with her husband , who had been diagnosed with cancer . She returned to the top of pop music in 2002 and signed to perform nightly in A New Day ... -LRB- 2003 -- 07 -RRB- , a five-star theatrical show at the Colosseum at Caesars Palace , on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada . It became the most successful residency show of all time , grossing US $ 385 million . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R&B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese . While her releases have often received mixed critical reception , she is regarded as one of pop music 's most influential voices . Dion has won five Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year and Record of the Year . She is the second best-selling female artist in the US during the Nielsen SoundScan era . In 2003 , Dion was honoured by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry -LRB- IFPI -RRB- for selling over 50 million albums in Europe . Dion remains the best-selling Canadian artist and one of the best-selling artists of all time with record sales of over 200 million copies worldwide . | [
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Stockard Channing was nominated for a Tony Award and the Academy award for best actress. | Stockard Channing -LRB- born Susan Antonia Williams Stockard ; February 13 , 1944 -RRB- is an American stage , film and television actress . She is known for playing Betty Rizzo in the film Grease -LRB- 1978 -RRB- and First Lady Abbey Bartlet on the NBC television series The West Wing -LRB- 1999 -- 2006 -RRB- . She is also known for originating the role of Ouisa Kittredge in the stage and film versions of Six Degrees of Separation , for which she was nominated for a Tony Award and the Academy Award for Best Actress . A 13-time Primetime Emmy Award nominee and seven-time Tony Award nominee , she won the 1985 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the Broadway revival of A Day in the Death of Joe Egg , and won Emmy Awards for The West Wing and The Matthew Shepard Story , both in 2002 . She won a Daytime Emmy Award in 2004 for her role in Jack . Her film appearances include The Fortune -LRB- 1975 -RRB- , The Big Bus -LRB- 1976 -RRB- , The Cheap Detective -LRB- 1978 -RRB- , Heartburn -LRB- 1986 -RRB- , Up Close & Personal -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , Practical Magic -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , and Woody Allen 's Anything Else -LRB- 2003 -RRB- . She also played the recurring role of Veronica Loy on the CBS drama The Good Wife -LRB- 2012 -- 16 -RRB- . | [
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David Schwimmer is a television actor. | David Lawrence Schwimmer -LRB- born November 2 , 1966 -RRB- is an American actor , director , and producer . He was born in Flushing , Queens , New York , and his family moved to Los Angeles when he was 2 . He began his acting career performing in school plays at Beverly Hills High School . In 1988 , he graduated from Northwestern University with a Bachelor of Arts in theater and speech . After graduation , Schwimmer co-founded the Lookingglass Theatre Company . For much of the late 1980s , he lived in Los Angeles as a struggling , unemployed actor . He starred in the television movie A Deadly Silence in 1989 and appeared in a number of television roles , including on L.A. Law , The Wonder Years , NYPD Blue , and Monty , in the early 1990s . Schwimmer later gained worldwide recognition for playing Ross Geller in the sitcom Friends , for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1995 . His first leading film role was in The Pallbearer -LRB- 1996 -RRB- , followed by roles in Kissing a Fool -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Six Days , Seven Nights -LRB- 1998 -RRB- , Apt Pupil , and Picking Up the Pieces -LRB- 2000 -RRB- . He was then cast in the miniseries Band of Brothers -LRB- 2001 -RRB- as Herbert Sobel . After the series finale of Friends in 2004 , Schwimmer was cast as the title character in the 2005 drama Duane Hopwood . Other film roles include the voice of Melman the Giraffe in the computer-animated Madagascar film franchise , the dark comedy Big Nothing -LRB- 2006 -RRB- , and the thriller Nothing But the Truth -LRB- 2008 -RRB- . Schwimmer made his West End stage debut in the leading role in Some Girl -LRB- s -RRB- in 2005 . In 2006 , he made his Broadway debut in The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial . Schwimmer made his feature film directorial debut with the 2007 comedy Run Fatboy Run . The following year he made his Off-Broadway directorial debut in the 2008 production , Fault Lines . In 2016 , he starred as lawyer Robert Kardashian in American Crime Story , for which he received his second Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited Series or Movie . | [
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The Odyssey was written by Homer. | The Odyssey '' ' -LRB- -LSB- ˈɒdəsi -RSB- Ὀδύσσεια Odýsseia , -LSB- o.dýs.sej.ja -RSB- in Classical Attic -RRB- is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer . It is , in part , a sequel to the Iliad , the other work ascribed to Homer . The Odyssey is fundamental to the modern Western canon , and is the second-oldest extant work of Western literature ; the Iliad is the oldest . Scholars believe the Odyssey was composed near the end of the 8th century BC , somewhere in Ionia , the Greek coastal region of Anatolia . The poem mainly focuses on the Greek hero Odysseus -LRB- known as Ulysses in Roman myths -RRB- , king of Ithaca , and his journey home after the fall of Troy . It takes Odysseus ten years to reach Ithaca after the ten-year Trojan War . In his absence , it is assumed Odysseus has died , and his wife Penelope and son Telemachus must deal with a group of unruly suitors , the Mnesteres -LRB- Greek : Μνηστῆρες -RRB- or Proci , who compete for Penelope 's hand in marriage . The Odyssey continues to be read in the Homeric Greek and translated into modern languages around the world . Many scholars believe the original poem was composed in an oral tradition by an aoidos -LRB- epic poet/singer -RRB- , perhaps a rhapsode -LRB- professional performer -RRB- , and was more likely intended to be heard than read . The details of the ancient oral performance and the story 's conversion to a written work inspire continual debate among scholars . The Odyssey was written in a poetic dialect of Greek -- a literary amalgam of Aeolic Greek , Ionic Greek , and other Ancient Greek dialects -- and comprises 12,110 lines of dactylic hexameter . Among the most noteworthy elements of the text are its non-linear plot , and the influence on events of choices made by women and slaves , besides the actions of fighting men . In the English language as well as many others , the word odyssey has come to refer to an epic voyage . The Odyssey has a lost sequel , the Telegony , which was not written by Homer . It was usually attributed in antiquity to Cinaethon of Sparta . In one source , the Telegony '' was said to have been stolen from Musaeus by either Eugamon or Eugammon of Cyrene -LRB- see Cyclic poets -RRB- . | [
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Gianluigi Buffon has been named Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year a record 11 times. | Gianluigi `` Gigi '' Buffon -LRB- -LSB- ˈdʒiːdʒi bufˈfɔn -RSB- , Ufficiale OMRI ; born 28 January 1978 -RRB- is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper . He captains both Serie A club Juventus and the Italy national team . He is widely regarded by players , pundits and managers to be one of the greatest goalkeepers of all time , and , by some , to be the greatest ever . Buffon is one of only eighteen players to have made at least 1,000 professional career appearances ; with 168 international caps , Buffon is also the most capped player in the history of the Italian national team , the joint fifth-most capped male international footballer of all time , alongside Iván Hurtado , and the most capped European international player ever . Buffon is known for his `` outstanding shot-stopping '' and for being `` a vocal organizer of the defence and a key dressing room personality '' . He is currently the most expensive goalkeeper in history , following his $ 53 million transfer from Parma to Juventus in 2001 . Buffon holds the record for the most clean sheets in Serie A , and with the Italy national team ; he also holds the record for the longest streak without conceding a goal in Serie A history : over 12 league matches , he went unbeaten for 974 consecutive minutes during the 2015 -- 16 season , as well as having achieved the most consecutive clean sheets -LRB- 10 -RRB- in Serie A in that same season . At club level , Buffon 's professional career began with Parma in 1995 , where he made his Serie A debut , and was soon promoted to the role of starting goalkeeper , earning a reputation as one of the most promising young goalkeepers in Italy ; during his time with the club , he won the Coppa Italia , the UEFA Cup and the Supercoppa Italiana , all in 1999 . After joining Juventus in 2001 , Buffon immediately won Serie A titles in both of his first two seasons at the club , and established himself as one of the best players in the world in his position . After winning two more consecutive league titles in 2005 and 2006 , the club were later stripped of these titles and relegated due to their involvement in the 2006 Italian football scandal . Despite rumours of his departure , Buffon remained with Juventus , contributing to the club 's Serie B title and promotion back to Serie A in 2007 . Following several trophyless seasons , Buffon later played a key role in Juventus ' resurgence , which saw the club win an Italian record of six consecutive league titles between 2011 and 2017 ; he also inherited the captain 's armband following the departure of Alessandro Del Piero in 2012 . In total , he has won eight Serie A titles , three Coppa Italia titles , and five Supercoppa Italiana titles with Juventus . With the Italy national team , Buffon has been called up for an international record of five FIFA World Cup tournaments -LRB- 1998 , 2002 , 2006 , 2010 , 2014 -RRB- since making his debut in 1997 , featuring in four of them as Italy 's starting goalkeeper -LRB- he was an unused substitute in 1998 -RRB- . He was the starting goalkeeper of the Italian team that won the 2006 FIFA World Cup , which saw him keep a record five clean sheets , and concede only two goals , neither of which were in open play . He has also represented Italy at four European Championships , at the 1996 Olympics , and at two FIFA Confederations Cups , winning a bronze medal in the 2013 edition of the tournament . Buffon has also won numerous , prestigious individual and team awards . He was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players in 2004 . He has been named the Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year a record eleven times . Buffon was the winner of the 2006 Yashin Award following Italy 's World Cup victory , in which he was also elected to be part of the Team of the Tournament ; an honour which he also received after reaching the quarter-finals of the 2008 European Championships , and the final of the 2012 European Championships . Buffon is the only goalkeeper to have won the UEFA Club Footballer of the Year Award , which he won in 2003 after reaching the Champions League final ; he also won the award for best Goalkeeper that year , and was voted into the UEFA Team of the Year in 2003 , 2004 , 2006 and 2016 . In 2006 , Buffon was runner-up for the Ballon d'Or and was elected to be part of the FIFPro World XI , an honour which he also achieved in 2007 . After reaching the 2015 Champions League final , he was named to the 2014 -- 15 UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season , and placed fourth in the 2015 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award . He has been named the IFFHS World 's Best Goalkeeper four times -LRB- second only to Iker Casillas , with five awards -RRB- and was also named the best goalkeeper of the 21st century , of the past 25 years , and of the decade , by the same organisation . In 2016 , he became the first goalkeeper ever to win the Golden Foot Award , which pertains to both personality and playing ability . | [
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Chris Evans (presenter) started a new vocation in 2005. | Christopher James `` Chris '' Evans -LRB- born 1 April 1966 -RRB- is an English presenter , businessman and producer for radio and television . He started his broadcasting career working for Piccadilly Radio , Manchester , as a teenager , before moving to London as a presenter for the BBC 's Greater London Radio and then Channel 4 television , where The Big Breakfast made him a star . Soon he was able to dictate highly favourable terms , allowing him to broadcast on competing radio and TV stations . Slots like the Radio 1 Breakfast Show and TFI Friday provided a mix of celebrity interviews , music and comic games , delivered in an irreverent style that attracted high ratings , though often also generated significant numbers of complaints . By 2000 he was the UK 's highest paid entertainer , according to the Sunday Times Rich List . In 2005 , he started a new career on BBC Radio 2 , hosting the long-running Drivetime programme , before moving in 2010 to host The Chris Evans Breakfast Show every weekday morning . He previously presented The One Show on Fridays between 2010 and 2015 . In 2015 , he signed a three-year deal to lead a new Top Gear line-up . On 23 June 2015 it was confirmed that TFI Friday would return for its seventh series with eight episodes in December 2015 . Evans confirmed that he would also return to present it . It was then revealed that the BBC Top Gear team told Evans he would have to leave TFI Friday after the upcoming series if he intended to stay with Top Gear . On 4 July 2016 Evans announced that he would be stepping down as presenter of Top Gear . As of 2017 he continues to present the popular BBC Radio 2 Breakfast Show . | [
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Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System by a significant margin. | Earth -LRB- from Eorðe -LSB- Γαῖα , Gaia -RSB- Terra -RRB- , otherwise known as the World or the Globe , is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life . It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets . According to radiometric dating and other sources of evidence , Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago . Earth 's gravity interacts with other objects in space , especially the Sun and the Moon , Earth 's only natural satellite . During one orbit around the Sun , Earth rotates about its axis over 365 times ; thus , an Earth year is about 365.26 days long . Earth 's axis of rotation is tilted , producing seasonal variations on the planet 's surface . The gravitational interaction between the Earth and Moon causes ocean tides , stabilizes the Earth 's orientation on its axis , and gradually slows its rotation . Earth 's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years . About 71 % of Earth 's surface is covered with water , mostly by its oceans . The remaining 29 % is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes , rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere . The majority of Earth 's polar regions are covered in ice , including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack . Earth 's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core , a liquid outer core that generates the Earth 's magnetic field , and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics . Within the first billion years of Earth 's history , life appeared in the oceans and began to affect the Earth 's atmosphere and surface , leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms . Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4.1 billion years ago . Since then , the combination of Earth 's distance from the Sun , physical properties , and geological history have allowed life to evolve and thrive . In the history of the Earth , biodiversity has gone through long periods of expansion , occasionally punctuated by mass extinction events . Over 99 % of all species that ever lived on Earth are extinct . Estimates of the number of species on Earth today vary widely ; most species have not been described . Over 7.4 billion humans live on Earth and depend on its biosphere and minerals for their survival . Humans have developed diverse societies and cultures ; politically , the world has about 200 sovereign states . | [
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Performance (film) features the lead singer of The Rolling Stones. | Performance is a 1970 British crime drama film directed by Donald Cammell and Nicolas Roeg , written by Cammell and photographed by Roeg . The film stars James Fox as a violent and ambitious London gangster who , after carrying out an unordered killing , goes into hiding at the home of a reclusive rock star -LRB- Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones , in his film acting debut -RRB- . The film was produced in 1968 but not released until 1970 due to the reluctance of Warner Bros. to distribute the film because of its graphic violent and sexual content . It initially received a mixed critical response but gained a cult following , and since then its reputation has grown in stature ; it is now regarded as one of the most influential and innovative films of the 1970s as well as in British cinema . In 1999 , Performance was voted the 48th greatest British film of all time by the British Film Institute ; in 2008 Empire magazine ranked the film 182nd on its list of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time . | [
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] |
Moses Malone was in the NBA Finals in 1981 playing for the Rockets. | Moses Eugene Malone -LRB- March 23 , 1955 -- September 13 , 2015 -RRB- was an American basketball player who played in both the American Basketball Association -LRB- ABA -RRB- and the National Basketball Association -LRB- NBA -RRB- from 1974 through 1995 . The center was named the NBA Most Valuable Player -LRB- MVP -RRB- three times and was a 12-time NBA All-Star and an eight-time All-NBA selection . Malone won his only NBA championship in 1983 , when he was both the league and Finals MVP with the Philadelphia 76ers . He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 2001 . Malone began his pro career out of high school after he was selected in the third round of the 1974 ABA Draft by the Utah Stars . He was named an ABA All-Star as a rookie and played two seasons in the league until it merged with the NBA in 1976 . He landed in the NBA with the Buffalo Braves , who traded him after two games to the Houston Rockets . Malone became a five-time All-Star in six seasons with the Rockets . After leading the NBA in rebounding in 1979 , he was named league MVP for the first time . He led the Rockets to the NBA Finals in 1981 , and won his second MVP award in 1982 . Malone was traded to Philadelphia the following season , when he repeated as MVP and led the 76ers to a championship in his first year . In his first of two stints with Philadelphia , he was an All-Star in each of his four seasons . Following another trade , Malone was an All-Star in his only two seasons with the Washington Bullets -LRB- known later as the Wizards -RRB- . He signed as a free agent with the Atlanta Hawks , earning his 12th straight and final All-Star selection in his first season . In his later years , he played with the Milwaukee Bucks before returning to the 76ers and completing his career with the San Antonio Spurs . Malone led the NBA in rebounding six times , including a then-record five straight seasons -LRB- 1981 -- 1985 -RRB- . He finished his career as the all-time leader in offensive rebounds after leading both the ABA and NBA in the category a combined nine times . Malone was nicknamed `` Chairman of the Boards '' for his rebounding prowess . Combining his ABA and NBA statistics , he ranks seventh all-time in career points -LRB- 29,580 -RRB- and third in total rebounds -LRB- 17,834 -RRB- . He was named to both the ABA All-Time Team and the NBA 's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team . | [
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Eminem was in a hip hop group from the United States. | Marshall Bruce Mathers III -LRB- born October 17 , 1972 -RRB- , known professionally as Eminem -LRB- often stylized as EMINƎM -RRB- , is an American rapper , record producer , and actor . Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States . Throughout his career , he has had 10 number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . With US sales of 45.1 million albums and 42 million tracks as of June 2014 , Eminem is the second best-selling male artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era , the sixth best-selling artist in the United States and the best-selling hip-hop artist . Globally , he has sold more than 172 million albums , thus being one of the world 's best-selling artists . Rolling Stone ranked him 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time , calling him the King of Hip Hop . After his debut album Infinite -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and the Slim Shady EP -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Eminem signed with Dr. Dre 's Aftermath Entertainment and subsequently achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with The Slim Shady LP , which earned him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album . His next two releases , 2000 's The Marshall Mathers LP and 2002 's The Eminem Show , were worldwide successes , with each being certified diamond in U.S. sales , and both winning Best Rap Album Grammy Awards -- making Eminem the first artist to win the award for three consecutive LPs . They were followed by Encore in 2004 , another critical and commercial success . Eminem went on hiatus after touring in 2005 , releasing Relapse in 2009 and Recovery in 2010 . Both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide , the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year -LRB- after The Eminem Show -RRB- . Eminem 's eighth album , 2013 's The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , won two Grammy Awards , including Best Rap Album ; it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15 . In addition to his solo career , Eminem is an original member of the Midwest hip hop groups Soul Intent and D12 . He is also known for his collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 '' ; the two are collectively known as Bad Meets Evil . Eminem has developed other ventures , including Shady Records , with manager Paul Rosenberg , which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent . Eminem has also established his own channel , Shade 45 , on Sirius XM Radio . In November 2002 , he starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile , which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song , for `` Lose Yourself '' , becoming the first rap artist to win the award . Eminem has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Funny People -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , The Interview -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and the television series Entourage -LRB- 2010 -RRB- . | [
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World War II involved a country. | World War II -LRB- often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 -RRB- , also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945 , although related conflicts began earlier . It involved the vast majority of the world 's countries -- including all of the great powers -- eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history , and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries . In a state of `` total war '' , the major participants threw their entire economic , industrial , and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources . Marked by mass deaths of civilians , including the Holocaust -LRB- in which approximately 11 million people were killed -RRB- and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres -LRB- in which approximately one million were killed , and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki -RRB- , it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities . These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history . The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate Asia and the Pacific and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1937 , but the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom . Supplied by the Soviet Union , from late 1939 to early 1941 , in a series of campaigns and treaties , Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe , and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan . Under the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939 , Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours , Poland , Finland , Romania and the Baltic states . The war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the coalition of the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth , with campaigns including the North Africa and East Africa campaigns , the aerial Battle of Britain , the Blitz bombing campaign , the Balkan Campaign as well as the long-running Battle of the Atlantic . On 22 June 1941 , the European Axis powers launched an invasion of the Soviet Union , opening the largest land theatre of war in history , which trapped the major part of the Axis ' military forces into a war of attrition . In December 1941 , Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean , and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific . The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway , near Hawaii , and Germany was defeated in North Africa and then , decisively , at Stalingrad in the Soviet Union . In 1943 , with a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front , the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Allied invasion of Italy which brought about Italian surrender , and Allied victories in the Pacific , the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts . In 1944 , the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France , while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies . During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma , while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands . The war in Europe concluded with an invasion of Germany by the Western Allies and the Soviet Union , culminating in the capture of Berlin by Soviet troops and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945 . Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945 and the refusal of Japan to surrender under its terms , the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August respectively . With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent , the possibility of additional atomic bombings , and the Soviet Union 's declaration of war on Japan and invasion of Manchuria , Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945 . Thus ended the war in Asia , cementing the total victory of the Allies . World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world . The United Nations -LRB- UN -RRB- was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts . The victorious great powers -- the United States , the Soviet Union , China , the United Kingdom , and France -- became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council . The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers , setting the stage for the Cold War , which lasted for the next 46 years . Meanwhile , the influence of European great powers waned , while the decolonisation of Asia and Africa began . Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery . Political integration , especially in Europe , emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities and to create a common identity . | [
"189:361",
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] |
The Invention of Lying was released in October in the 2000's. | The Invention of Lying is a 2009 American fantasy romantic comedy film written and directed by Ricky Gervais and Matthew Robinson -LRB- in their directorial debuts -RRB- . The film stars Gervais as the first human with the ability to lie in a world where people can only tell the truth . The supporting cast features Jennifer Garner , Jonah Hill , Louis C.K. , Rob Lowe and Tina Fey . The film was released in the United States on October 2 , 2009 . | [
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] |
Neil Patrick Harris played the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. | Neil Patrick Harris -LRB- born June 15 , 1973 -RRB- is an American actor , comedian , magician , singer , and composer , known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles . On television , he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser , M.D. -LRB- 1989 -- 1993 -RRB- , Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother -LRB- 2005 -- 2014 , for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards -RRB- , and Count Olaf on A Series of Unfortunate Events -LRB- 2017 onward -RRB- . Harris is also known for his role as the title character in Joss Whedon 's musical Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog -LRB- 2008 -RRB- and a fictional version of himself in the Harold & Kumar film series -LRB- 2004 -- 2011 -RRB- . His other films include Starship Troopers -LRB- 1997 -RRB- , Beastly -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Smurfs -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , The Smurfs 2 -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , A Million Ways to Die in the West -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and Gone Girl -LRB- 2014 -RRB- . In 2014 , he starred in the title role in Hedwig and the Angry Inch on Broadway , for which he won the 2014 Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical . Harris has hosted the Tony Awards in 2009 , 2011 , 2012 , and 2013 , for which he won several special class Emmy Awards . He also hosted the Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 and 2013 , and hosted the 87th Academy Awards in 2015 , thus making him the first openly gay man to host the Academy Awards . Harris was named one of Time magazine 's 100 Most Influential People in 2010 . He is married to David Burtka . In 2010 , they got twins through surrogacy . | [
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] |
The fictional lives of people that are in a stage of graduate medical training are focused on in Grey's Anatomy. | Grey 's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on American Broadcasting Company -LRB- ABC -RRB- as a mid-season replacement on March 27 , 2005 . The series focuses on the fictional lives of surgical interns , residents and attending physicians , as they evolve into seasoned doctors while trying to maintain personal lives and relationships . The title is a play on Gray 's Anatomy , a human anatomy textbook by Henry Gray . The show 's premise originated with Shonda Rhimes , who serves as an executive producer , along with Betsy Beers , Mark Gordon , Krista Vernoff , Rob Corn , Mark Wilding , and Allan Heinberg . Although it is set in Seattle at the fictional Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital -LRB- formerly Seattle Grace -RRB- it is primarily filmed in Los Angeles , California . The show was originally titled Complications , a reference to the complicated medical procedures and personal lives of the characters . The series was created to be racially diverse , utilizing a color-blind casting technique . It revolves around the title character , Dr. Meredith Grey , played by Ellen Pompeo . The original cast consisted of nine star-billed actors : Pompeo , Sandra Oh , Katherine Heigl , Justin Chambers , T. R. Knight , Chandra Wilson , James Pickens Jr. , Isaiah Washington and Patrick Dempsey . The cast has undergone major changes through the show 's run , with many members leaving and being replaced by others . In its twelfth season , the show had a large ensemble of sixteen actors , including four from the original cast . On February 10 , 2017 , ABC renewed Grey 's Anatomy for a fourteenth season , which will premiere in the fall of 2017 . Grey 's Anatomy , even in its thirteenth season , is ABC 's highest-rated drama ; although its ratings have fallen over the course of its run -LRB- it was once among the overall top 10 shows in the United States -RRB- , it is still one of the highest rated shows among the 18 -- 49 demographic , and the No. 3 drama on all of broadcast television . Grey 's Anatomy has been well received by critics throughout much of its run , and has been included in various critics 's year-end top ten lists . Since its inception , the show has been described by the media outlets as a television `` phenomenon '' or a `` juggernaut , '' owing to its longevity and dominant ratings . It is considered to have had a significant impact on popular culture and has received numerous awards , including the 2007 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series -- Drama . It has received multiple Emmy nominations , including two for Outstanding Drama Series . In 2012 , Grey 's Anatomy was named the fifth-highest revenue earning show , in terms of advertising per half-hour . It is the longest running scripted primetime show currently airing on ABC , and the second-longest scripted primetime ABC show ever . | [
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WeChat was developed by a Chinese e-commerce company. | Tencent Holdings Limited is a Chinese investment holding company whose subsidiaries provide media , entertainment , payment systems , internet and mobile phone value-added services and operate online advertising services in China . Its headquarters are in Nanshan District , Shenzhen . Tencent is one of the largest Internet companies , as well as the largest gaming company in the world . Its many services include social network , web portals , e-commerce , mobile games and multiplayer online games . Offerings in China include the well-known instant messenger Tencent QQ and one of the largest web portals , QQ.com . Mobile chat service WeChat has helped bolster Tencent 's continued expansion into smartphone services . Tencent has been credited as one of the world 's most innovative companies by numerous media and firms such as Boston Consulting Group , rising rapidly in its Innovative Rankings . In April 13 , 2015 , the market value of Tencent exceeded US$ 200 billion for the first time , hitting US$ 206 billion . On September 8 , 2015 , Tencent became the largest Internet company in Asia by value after Alibaba Group Holding Limited suffered a major drop -LRB- $ 141 billion over 10 months -RRB- in its share value . In May 2017 , Tencent 's market value grew to USD$ 343 billion -LRB- HK$ 2.64 trillion -RRB- , shortly after surpassing Wells Fargo to enter the world 's top 10 most valuable companies . Tencent has been actively investing in numerous companies and start-ups , creating a huge portfolio of investment , ranging across multiple industries and areas . | [
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] |
England shares land borders with Scotland and Wales and is part of the United Kingdom and is also an island. | The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom -LRB- UK -RRB- or Britain , is a sovereign country in western Europe . Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland.Although Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state , two of its Overseas Territories also share land borders with other sovereign countries . Gibraltar shares a border with Spain , while the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia share borders with the Republic of Cyprus , the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the UN buffer zone separating the two Cypriot polities . Apart from this land border , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to its east , the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland . With an area of 242500 km2 , the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe . It is also the 21st-most populous country , with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants . Together , this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union -LRB- EU -RRB- . The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance . The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 6 February 1952 . The capital of the United Kingdom and its largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million , the fourth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union . Other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the conurbations centred on Birmingham , Leeds , Glasgow , Liverpool and Manchester . The United Kingdom consists of four countries -- England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland . The last three have devolved administrations , each with varying powers , based in their capitals , Edinburgh , Cardiff and Belfast , respectively . The nearby Isle of Man , Bailiwick of Guernsey and Bailiwick of Jersey are not part of the United Kingdom , being Crown dependencies with the British Government responsible for defence and international representation . The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time . Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain , which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922 , leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed on 6 December 1921 to resolve the Irish War of Independence . When it took effect one year later , it established the Irish Free State as a separate dominion within the Commonwealth . The UK 's current name was adopted to reflect the change . There are fourteen British Overseas Territories . These are the remnants of the British Empire which , at its height in the 1920s , encompassed almost a quarter of the world 's land mass and was the largest empire in history . British influence can be observed in the language , culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies . The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world 's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest economy by purchasing power parity . The UK is considered to have a high-income economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index , ranking 16th in the world . It was the world 's first industrialised country and the world 's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries . The UK remains a great power with considerable economic , cultural , military , scientific and political influence internationally . It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and is seventh in military expenditure in the world . The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 . It has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor , the European Economic Community -LRB- EEC -RRB- , since 1973 . However , on 23 June 2016 , a national referendum on the UK 's membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave , and its exit from the EU is currently being negotiated . The UK is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , the Council of Europe , the G7 finance ministers , the G7 forum , the G20 , NATO , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development -LRB- OECD -RRB- , and the World Trade Organization -LRB- WTO -RRB- . | [
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Mountains of the Moon (film) stars a European actor. | Mountains of the Moon is a 1990 Rankcolor theatrical film depicting the 1857 -- 58 journey of Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke in their expedition to Central Africa -- the project that culminated in Speke 's discovery of the source of the Nile River . The expedition led to a bitter rivalry between the two men . The film stars Patrick Bergin as Burton and Iain Glen as Speke . Delroy Lindo made an early film appearance as an African native the adventurers meet . The film was directed by Bob Rafelson , for whom this was something of a dream project . It was based on the novel Burton and Speke by William Harrison . The narrative concentrates on the relationship between the two very different men . A first-time epic for Rafelson , it opened to positive reviews . | [
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George Foreman was named one of the 25 greatest boxers of the past 80 years by The Ring magazine. | George Edward Foreman -LRB- born January 10 , 1949 -RRB- is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1969 to 1977 , and from 1987 to 1997 . Nicknamed `` Big George '' , he is a two-time world heavyweight champion and an Olympic gold medalist . Outside the sport he went on to become an ordained minister , author and entrepreneur . After a troubled childhood , Foreman took up amateur boxing and won a gold medal in the heavyweight division at the 1968 Summer Olympics . Having turned professional the next year , he won the world heavyweight title with a second-round knockout of then-undefeated Joe Frazier in 1973 . Two successful title defenses were made before Foreman 's first professional loss to Muhammad Ali in `` The Rumble in the Jungle '' in 1974 . Unable to secure another title opportunity , Foreman retired after a loss to Jimmy Young in 1977 . Following what he referred to as a religious epiphany , Foreman became an ordained Christian minister . Ten years later , he announced a comeback and , in 1994 , at age 45 , he regained a portion of the heavyweight championship by knocking out 27-year-old Michael Moorer to win the unified WBA , IBF , and lineal titles . Foreman remains the oldest heavyweight champion in history , and the second oldest in any weight class after Bernard Hopkins -LRB- at light heavyweight -RRB- . He retired in 1997 at the age of 48 , with a final record of 76 wins 5 losses and 68 knockouts . Foreman has been inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame and the International Boxing Hall of Fame . The International Boxing Research Organization -LRB- IBRO -RRB- rates Foreman as the eighth greatest heavyweight of all time . In 2002 , he was named one of the 25 greatest fighters of the past 80 years by The Ring magazine . The Ring ranked him as the ninth greatest puncher of all time . He was a ringside analyst for HBO 's boxing coverage for twelve years , leaving in 2004 . Outside of boxing , he is a successful entrepreneur and is known for his promotion of the George Foreman Grill , which has sold over 100 million units worldwide . In 1999 he sold the naming rights to the grill for $ 138 million . | [
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Clint Eastwood was in films. | Hang 'Em High is a 1968 American DeLuxe Color revisionist Western film directed by Ted Post and produced and co-written by Leonard Freeman . It stars Clint Eastwood as Jed Cooper , an innocent man who survives a lynching ; Inger Stevens as a widow who helps him ; Ed Begley as the leader of the gang that lynched Cooper ; and Pat Hingle as the judge who hires him as a U.S. Marshal . Hang 'Em High was the first production of the Malpaso Company , Eastwood 's production company . Hingle portrays a fictional judge who mirrors Judge Isaac Parker , who was labeled the `` Hanging Judge '' due to the large number of men he sentenced to be executed during his service as District Judge of the Western District of Arkansas . The film also depicts the dangers of serving as a U.S. marshal during that period , as many federal marshals were killed while serving under Parker . The fictional Fort Grant , base for operations for that district judge seat , is also a mirror of the factual Fort Smith , Arkansas , where Judge Parker 's court was located . | [
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Cosmetic brands include rouge. | Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body . Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair . They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds ; some being derived from natural sources -LRB- such as coconut oil -RRB- , and some being synthetics . Common cosmetics include lipstick , mascara , eye shadow , foundation , rouge , skin cleansers and skin lotions , shampoo , hairstyling products -LRB- gel , hair spray , etc. -RRB- , perfume and cologne . Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup . In the U.S. , the Food and Drug Administration -LRB- FDA -RRB- , which regulates cosmetics , defines cosmetics as `` intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing , beautifying , promoting attractiveness , or altering the appearance without affecting the body 's structure or functions '' . This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product . The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category . | [
"329:531"
] |
Planet of the Apes (1968 film) was penned by Rod Serling. | Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox . The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins . The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million . The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films -LRB- absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius -RRB- , and also in the television series . The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . | [
"217:347",
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] |
Heather Graham was featured in the film Committed. | Heather Joan Graham -LRB- born January 29 , 1970 -RRB- is an American actress . After appearing in television commercials , her first starring role in a feature film came with the teen comedy License to Drive -LRB- 1988 -RRB- , followed by the critically acclaimed film Drugstore Cowboy -LRB- 1989 -RRB- , which gained her initial industry notice . She then played supporting roles in films such as Shout -LRB- 1991 -RRB- , Diggstown -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , Six Degrees of Separation -LRB- 1993 -RRB- , Swingers -LRB- 1996 -RRB- and on the television series Twin Peaks -LRB- 1991 -RRB- and its prequel film Fire Walk with Me -LRB- 1992 -RRB- , before gaining critical praise in Paul Thomas Anderson 's Boogie Nights -LRB- 1997 -RRB- as porn starlet Brandy / Rollergirl . In 1999 , she co-starred in Bowfinger and Austin Powers : The Spy Who Shagged Me . In the 2000s , Graham starred in films Committed -LRB- 2000 -RRB- , Say It Is n't So -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , Mary -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , Gray Matters -LRB- 2007 -RRB- , The Hangover -LRB- 2009 -RRB- and its sequel , The Hangover Part III -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . She also had a role on the television series Scrubs in 2004 , before playing the title character on the short-lived series Emily 's Reasons Why Not in 2006 . She also had recurring roles on Showtime 's Californication -LRB- 2014 -RRB- and Netflix 's Flaked -LRB- 2016 -RRB- . Noted for portraying characters with vast sex appeal , she often appears in magazine lists of `` Most Beautiful '' and `` Sexiest '' women . Graham is a public advocate for Children International , and supported the climate change campaign Global Cool in 2007 . | [
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Evil is frequently paired with hatred. | Evil , in a general context is the absence or opposite of that which is described as being good . Often , evil denotes profound immorality . In certain religious contexts , evil has been described as a supernatural force . Definitions of evil vary , as does the analysis of its motives . However , elements that are commonly associated with evil involve unbalanced behavior involving anger , revenge , fear , hatred , psychological trauma , expediency , selfishness , ignorance , or neglect . In cultures with an Abrahamic religious influence , evil is usually perceived as the dualistic antagonistic opposite of good , in which good should prevail and evil should be defeated . In cultures with Buddhist spiritual influence , both good and evil are perceived as part of an antagonistic duality that itself must be overcome through achieving Śūnyatā meaning emptiness in the sense of recognition of good and evil being two opposing principles but not a reality , emptying the duality of them , and achieving a oneness . The philosophical question of whether morality is absolute , relative , or illusory leads to questions about the nature of evil , with views falling into one of four opposed camps : moral absolutism , amoralism , moral relativism , and moral universalism . While the term is applied to events and conditions without agency , the forms of evil addressed in this article presume an evildoer or doers . | [
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Planet of the Apes' avant-garde score was composed by Jerry Goldsmith. | Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox . The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins . The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million . The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films -LRB- absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius -RRB- , and also in the television series . The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . | [
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Bela Lugosi played a character. | Son of Frankenstein is a 1939 horror monster film , the third film in Universal Studios ' Frankenstein series and the last to feature Boris Karloff as the Monster . It is also the first to feature Bela Lugosi as Ygor . The picture is a sequel to James Whale 's Bride of Frankenstein . It is directed by Rowland V. Lee and stars Basil Rathbone , Boris Karloff and Béla Lugosi . The film was a reaction to the very popular re-releases of Dracula with Lugosi and Frankenstein with Karloff as a double-feature in 1938 . Universal 's declining horror output was revitalized with the enormously successful Son of Frankenstein , in which the studio cast both Karloff and Lugosi . | [
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Rhode Island was the first of the American colonies to renounce allegiance to the British Crown. | Rhode Island -LRB- -LSB- roʊd_ˈaɪlənd -RSB- -RRB- , officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations , is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States . Rhode Island is the smallest in area , the eighth least populous , and the second most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states , following New Jersey . Its official name is also the longest of any state in the Union . Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west , Massachusetts to the north and east , and the Atlantic Ocean to the south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Island Sound . The state also shares a short maritime border with New York . On May 4 , 1776 , the Colony of Rhode Island became the first of the Thirteen Colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown , and was the fourth among the newly sovereign states to ratify the Articles of Confederation on February 9 , 1778 . It boycotted the 1787 convention that drew up the United States Constitution and initially refused to ratify it . On May 29 , 1790 , Rhode Island became the 13th and last state to ratify the Constitution . Rhode Island 's official nickname is `` The Ocean State '' , a reference to the fact that the state has several large bays and inlets that amount to about 14 % of its total area . Rhode Island covers 1214 sqmi , of which 1045 sqmi are land . | [
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] |
Jon Huntsman Jr. started in his current field of occupation by working as a White House staff assistant. | Jon Meade Huntsman Jr. -LRB- born March 26 , 1960 -RRB- is an American politician , businessman , and diplomat who served as the 16th Governor of Utah from 2005 to 2009 , and as United States Ambassador to Singapore from 1992 to 1993 , and China from 2009 to 2011 . He has served in the administrations of five U.S. Presidents and was a candidate for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination . In January 2014 , Huntsman was named Chairman of the Washington-based foreign policy think-tank the Atlantic Council . It has been reported he was chosen to be the next Ambassador to Russia in March 2017 . Huntsman has served in every presidential administration since Ronald Reagan . He began his career as a White House staff assistant for Ronald Reagan , and was appointed Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce and United States Ambassador to Singapore by George H.W. Bush . Later as Deputy U.S. Trade Representative under George W. Bush , he launched global trade negotiations in Doha in 2001 and guided the accession of China into the World Trade Organization . He also served as CEO of his family-owned Huntsman Corporation and chairman of the Huntsman Cancer Foundation . In 2009 , he was appointed United States Ambassador to China by Barack Obama . While Governor , he was named Chairman of the Western Governors Association , and joined the Executive Committee of the National Governors Association . Under his leadership , Utah was named the best managed state in America by the Pew Center on the States . He won re-election in 2008 with nearly 78 % of the vote and left office with approval ratings over 80 % . | [
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] |
Tom Hardy has acted in an adaptation of a novel. | Edward Thomas Hardy -LRB- born 15 September 1977 -RRB- is an English actor and producer . His motion picture debut was in Ridley Scott 's 2001 action film Black Hawk Down . Hardy 's other notable films include the science fiction film Star Trek : Nemesis -LRB- 2002 -RRB- , the crime film RocknRolla -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , biographical psychological drama Bronson -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , sports drama Warrior -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , Cold War espionage film Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy -LRB- 2011 -RRB- , crime drama Lawless -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , drama Locke -LRB- 2013 -RRB- , mobster film The Drop -LRB- 2014 -RRB- , and the biographical western thriller The Revenant -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He portrayed `` Mad '' Max Rockatansky in the post-apocalyptic film Mad Max : Fury Road -LRB- 2015 -RRB- , and both of the Kray twins in the crime thriller Legend -LRB- 2015 -RRB- . He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films : the science fiction thriller Inception -LRB- 2010 -RRB- , portrayed Bane in the superhero film The Dark Knight Rises -LRB- 2012 -RRB- , and the action-thriller Dunkirk -LRB- 2017 -RRB- based on the British evacuation in World War II . Hardy 's television roles include the HBO war drama miniseries Band of Brothers -LRB- 2001 -RRB- , the BBC historical drama miniseries The Virgin Queen -LRB- 2005 -RRB- , ITV 's Wuthering Heights -LRB- 2008 -RRB- , the Sky 1 drama series The Take -LRB- 2009 -RRB- , and the BBC historical crime drama television series Peaky Blinders -LRB- 2013 -RRB- . He created , co-produced and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo -LRB- 2017 -RRB- on BBC One and FX . Hardy has performed on both British and American stages . He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Most Promising Newcomer for his role as Skank in the 2003 production of In Arabia We 'd All Be Kings , and was awarded the 2003 London Evening Standard Theatre Award for Outstanding Newcomer for his performances in both In Arabia We 'd All be Kings and for his role as Luca in Blood . He starred in the 2007 production of The Man of Mode and received positive reviews for his role in the 2010 Philip Seymour Hoffman-directed play The Long Red Road . | [
"930:1213"
] |
Chris Weitz works. | Christopher John `` Chris '' Weitz -LRB- born November 30 , 1969 -RRB- is an American film producer , screenwriter , author , occasional actor , and film director . He is the brother of filmmaker Paul Weitz . He is best known for his work with his brother on the comedy films American Pie and About a Boy , the latter of which was Oscar-nominated for adapted screenplay . Weitz directed the film adaptation of the novel The Golden Compass and the film adaptation of New Moon from the series of Twilight books , as well wrote the screenplay for Disney 's 2015 live-action adaptation of Cinderella and co-wrote Rogue One : A Star Wars Story alongside with Tony Gilroy . | [
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Rafael Nadal is a tennis player. | Rafael `` Rafa '' Nadal Parera -LRB- -LSB- rəfəˈɛɫ nəˈðaɫ pəˈɾeɾə -RSB- , -LSB- rafaˈel naˈðal paˈɾeɾa -RSB- ; born 3 June 1986 -RRB- is a Spanish professional tennis player . He is widely regarded as the greatest clay-court player in history , and owing to his dominance and success on the surface , he has been called `` The King of Clay '' . His evolution into an all-court threat has established him as one of the greatest players in tennis history , with some considering Nadal to be the greatest male player of all time . Nadal has won 14 Grand Slam singles titles , the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles , an all-time record of 30 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 titles , tied with Novak Djokovic , and a record 18 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments . He was also a member of the winning Spain Davis Cup team in 2004 , 2008 , 2009 , and 2011 . In 2010 , he became the seventh male player in history and youngest of four in the Open Era to achieve the Career Grand Slam at age 24 . He is the second male player , after Andre Agassi , to complete the singles Career Golden Slam . In 2011 , Nadal was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year . The left-hander is the sixth player in the Open Era to reach more than 100 finals on the ATP World Tour . Nadal and Mats Wilander are the only two male players who have won at least two Grand Slam titles on three different surfaces -- hard court , grass , and clay . By winning the 2014 French Open , Nadal became the third player to win a single Grand Slam tournament nine times -LRB- Martina Navratilova 9 , Margaret Court 11 -RRB- and the first male to win at least one Grand Slam tournament for ten consecutive years , breaking the record of eight consecutive years previously shared by Björn Borg , Pete Sampras , and Roger Federer . By winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2012 , Nadal became the only male player in the open era to win a tournament eight consecutive times . Nadal is the only male player in tennis history to win one Grand Slam and at least one Masters 1000 title for ten consecutive years from 2005 -- 2014 . He beat Guillermo Vilas 's Open Era record of 49 clay-court titles by winning the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . Nadal became the first man to win the same tournament 10 times by wining the Monte-Carlo Masters in 2017 . He repeated this historic achievement by winning the Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell for a 10th time just a few weeks later . | [
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Guam was captured during the Spanish-American war. | Guam -LRB- -LSB- ˈɡwɑːm -RSB- or -LSB- ˈɡwɒm -RSB- Chamorro : Guåhån -LSB- ˈɡʷɑhɑn -RSB- formally the Territory of Guam -RRB- is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States . Located in the western Pacific Ocean , Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government . The capital city is Hagåtña and the most populous city is Dededo . In 2015 , 161,785 people resided on Guam . Guamanians are American citizens by birth . Guam has an area of 210 sq mi -LRB- 544 km ² -RRB- and a population density of 770/sq mi -LRB- 297/km ² -RRB- . It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia . Among its municipalities , Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 3,691 / sq mi -LRB- 1,425 / km ² -RRB- , whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 119/sq mi -LRB- 47/km ² -RRB- . The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 m above sea level . The Chamorros , Guam 's indigenous people , settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago . Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to visit the island on March 6 , 1521 . Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers , like Diego Luis de San Vitores , a Catholic missionary . Between the 16th century and the 18th century , Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons . During the Spanish -- American War , the United States captured Guam on June 21 , 1898 . Under the Treaty of Paris , Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10 , 1898 . Guam is among the seventeen Non-Self-Governing Territories of the United Nations . Before World War II , Guam and four other territories -- American Samoa , Hawaii , Wake Island , and the Philippines -- were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean . On December 7 , 1941 , hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor , Guam was captured by the Japanese , who occupied the island for thirty months . During the occupation , Guamanians were subjected to beheadings , forced labor , rape , and torture . Guam endured hostilities when American forces recaptured the island on July 21 , 1944 ; Liberation Day commemorates the victory . Since the 1960s , the economy has been supported by two industries : tourism and the United States Armed Forces . | [
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Diamonds was produced by Benny Blanco. | `` Diamonds '' is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for her seventh studio album , Unapologetic -LRB- 2012 -RRB- . It was written by Sia Furler together with its producers , Benny Blanco and StarGate . The song premiered on September 26 , 2012 , during the Elvis Duran and the Morning Show and was digitally released the following day as the lead single from Unapologetic . Def Jam Recordings serviced the single to contemporary hit radio in the United States on October 2 . `` Diamonds '' is a mid-tempo pop , electronic and R&B ballad that features heavy synthesizers , orchestral sounds and electronic rhythms . The song 's lyrics serve as a departure from the themes of unhealthy relationships that were on Rihanna 's previous singles and contain a prominent concept of love . `` Diamonds '' topped music charts in over twenty countries , including the United States , where it became Rihanna 's twelfth number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 and tied her with Madonna and The Supremes for the fifth-most number one singles in the chart 's history . `` Diamonds '' was certified quintuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America -LRB- RIAA -RRB- and sold over 3.5 million digital copies in the country . By May 2013 , it had sold over 7.5 million copies worldwide and became one of the best-selling singles of all-time . The song 's music video was shot by director Anthony Mandler , a frequent collaborator of Rihanna 's , and depicts her in four environments that represent the elements of earth , air , water , and fire . The video received positive reviews and was praised for its imagery . Some critics believe that the heavily tattooed man intertwined with Rihanna 's arm in the video resembles Chris Brown . The singer performed `` Diamonds '' on television shows such as Saturday Night Live and The X Factor and included it on the 777 , Diamonds , Monster Tour and the Anti World Tour set lists . The American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers -LRB- ASCAP -RRB- recognized it as one of the most performed songs of 2013 and 2014 . The official remix of `` Diamonds '' featured rapper Kanye West and was released on November 16 , 2012 . The song has been covered by various recording artists , including Josef Salvat , who released his own cover of `` Diamonds '' as a single . | [
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John Connally was a Democratic Governor of Texas. | John Bowden Connally , Jr. -LRB- February 27 , 1917June 15 , 1993 -RRB- , was an American politician . As a Democrat he served as Secretary of the Navy under President John F. Kennedy , as the 39th Governor of Texas , and as Secretary of the Treasury under President Richard Nixon . While Governor of Texas , he was seriously wounded when President Kennedy was assassinated . As Treasury Secretary , Connally is best remembered for removing the U.S. dollar from the gold standard in 1971 , an event known as the Nixon shock . In 1973 he switched parties to become a Republican , and ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for President in 1980 . | [
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Paul Simon is a person who is a musician. | Paul Frederic Simon -LRB- born October 13 , 1941 -RRB- is an American musician , singer-songwriter and actor . Simon 's fame , influence , and commercial success began as part of the duo Simon & Garfunkel , formed in 1964 with musical partner Art Garfunkel . Simon wrote nearly all of the pair 's songs , including three that reached No. 1 on the U.S. singles charts : `` The Sound of Silence '' , `` Mrs. Robinson '' , and `` Bridge over Troubled Water '' . The duo split up in 1970 at the height of their popularity and Simon began a successful solo career as a guitarist and singer-songwriter , recording three highly acclaimed albums over the next five years . In 1986 , he released Graceland , an album inspired by South African township music , which sold 14 million copies worldwide on its release and remains his most popular solo work . Simon also wrote and starred in the film One-Trick Pony -LRB- 1980 -RRB- and co-wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman -LRB- 1998 -RRB- with the poet Derek Walcott . On June 3 , 2016 , Simon released his 13th solo album , titled Stranger to Stranger , which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Album Chart and the UK charts . Simon has earned sixteen Grammys for his solo and collaborative work , including three for Album of the Year -LRB- Bridge Over Troubled Water , Still Crazy After All These Years , Graceland -RRB- , and a Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2001 , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2006 was selected as one of the `` 100 People Who Shaped the World '' by Time magazine . In 2011 , Rolling Stone magazine named Simon as one of the 100 Greatest Guitarists . In 2015 , he was named as one of the 100 Greatest Songwriters by Rolling Stone . Among many other honors , Simon was the first recipient of the Library of Congress 's Gershwin Prize for Popular Song in 2007 . In 1986 , Simon was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music , where he currently serves on the Board of Trustees . | [
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Twitter had approximately 1.6 billion searches each day in 2012. | Twitter -LRB- -LSB- ˈtwɪtər -RSB- -RRB- is an online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages , `` tweets '' , restricted to 140 characters . Registered users can post tweets , but those who are unregistered can only read them . Users access Twitter through its website interface , SMS or a mobile device app . Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco , California , United States , and has more than 25 offices around the world . Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey , Noah Glass , Biz Stone , and Evan Williams and launched in July . The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity . In 2012 , more than 100 million users posted 340 million tweets a day , and the service handled an average of 1.6 billion search queries per day . In 2013 , it was one of the ten most-visited websites and has been described as `` the SMS of the Internet '' . As of 2016 , Twitter had more than 319 million monthly active users . On the day of the 2016 U.S. presidential election , Twitter proved to be the largest source of breaking news , with 40 million election-related tweets sent by 10 p.m. -LRB- Eastern Time -RRB- that day . | [
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Jessica Lange was in a film directed by John Guillermin. | Jessica Phyllis Lange -LRB- -LSB- læŋ -RSB- born April 20 , 1949 -RRB- is an American actress who has received worldwide acclaim for her work in film , theater , and television . The recipient of several awards , including two Academy Awards , one Tony Award , three Emmy Awards , five Golden Globe Awards , one Screen Actors Guild Award , and three Dorian Awards ; in 1998 , Entertainment Weekly listed Lange among the 25 Greatest Actresses of the 1990s . In 2016 , Lange became the twenty-second thespian in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting . Lange was discovered by producer Dino De Laurentiis while modeling part-time for the Wilhelmina modelling agency . She made her professional film debut in his 1976 remake of the 1933 action-adventure classic King Kong , for which she won her first Golden Globe Award , for New Star of the Year . In 1982 , she became the first performer in 40 years to receive two Oscar nominations within the same year ; she won her second Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as a soap opera star in Tootsie , and was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of the troubled actress Frances Farmer , in Frances . Lange received three more nominations before garnering a sixth Oscar nomination and winning , along with her third Golden Globe Award , the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as a manic depressive housewife in Blue Sky -LRB- 1994 -RRB- . In 1995 , Lange became the second actress in Oscar history , after Meryl Streep , to win Best Actress after winning Best Supporting Actress ; an achievement that was only repeated again after nearly 20 years by Cate Blanchett in 2014 . In 2010 , she won her first Primetime Emmy Award for her portrayal of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis ' famed aunt , Big Edie , in HBO 's Grey Gardens -LRB- 2009 -RRB- . Between 2011 and 2014 , she won her first Screen Actors Guild Award , fifth Golden Globe Award , and second and third Emmy Awards for her performances in the first and third seasons of FX 's horror anthology series American Horror Story -LRB- 2011 -- 2015 -RRB- . In 2016 , Lange won her first Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play , an Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Lead Actress in a Play and a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for her critically acclaimed performance in the Broadway revival of Long Day 's Journey into Night . During 2017 , Lange portrayed film legend Joan Crawford in the first season of the television series Feud , for which she received universal critical acclaim . In addition to acting , Lange is a photographer with three published works . She has also been a foster parent and currently holds a Goodwill Ambassador position for UNICEF , specializing in HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Russia . | [
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Ballet Shoes was produced by the British company Granada Productions. | Ballet Shoes is a 2007 British television film , adapted by Heidi Thomas from Noel Streatfeild 's 1936 novel Ballet Shoes . It was produced by Granada Productions -LRB- formerly Granada Television -RRB- and premiered on BBC One on 26 December 2007 . It is directed by Sandra Goldbacher . A previous adaptation of Ballet Shoes was produced in serial format by the BBC in 1975 and directed by Timothy Combe . `` Ballet Shoes '' co-stars former Harry Potter stars Emma Watson as Pauline Fossil , Gemma Jones as Dr. Jakes , and the late Richard Griffiths as Gum . | [
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The French Revolution culminated in the rise of Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins. | The French Revolution -LRB- Révolution française -LSB- ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz -RSB- -RRB- was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799 , and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire . The Revolution overthrew the monarchy , established a republic , experienced violent periods of political turmoil , and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond . Inspired by liberal and radical ideas , the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history , triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies . Through the Revolutionary Wars , it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East . Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history . The causes of the French Revolution are complex and are still debated among historians . Following the Seven Years ' War and the American Revolutionary War , the French government was deeply in debt and attempted to restore its financial status through unpopular taxation schemes . Years of bad harvests leading up to the Revolution also inflamed popular resentment of the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and the aristocracy . Demands for change were formulated in terms of Enlightenment ideals and contributed to the convocation of the Estates-General in May 1789 . The first year of the Revolution saw members of the Third Estate taking control , the assault on the Bastille in July , the passage of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in August , and a women 's march on Versailles that forced the royal court back to Paris in October . A central event of the first stage , in August 1789 , was the abolition of feudalism and the old rules and privileges left over from the Ancien Régime . The next few years featured political struggles between various liberal assemblies and right-wing supporters of the monarchy intent on thwarting major reforms . The Republic was proclaimed in September 1792 after the French victory at Valmy . In a momentous event that led to international condemnation , Louis XVI was executed in January 1793 . External threats closely shaped the course of the Revolution . The Revolutionary Wars beginning in 1792 ultimately featured French victories that facilitated the conquest of the Italian Peninsula , the Low Countries and most territories west of the Rhine -- achievements that had eluded previous French governments for centuries . Internally , popular agitation radicalised the Revolution significantly , culminating in the rise of Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins . The dictatorship imposed by the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror , from 1793 until 1794 , established price controls on food and other items , abolished slavery in French colonies abroad , dechristianised society through the creation of a new calendar and the expulsion of religious figures , and secured the borders of the new republic from its enemies . Large numbers of civilians were executed by revolutionary tribunals during the Terror , with estimates ranging from 16,000 to 40,000 . After the Thermidorian Reaction , an executive council known as the Directory assumed control of the French state in 1795 . The rule of the Directory was characterised by suspended elections , debt repudiations , financial instability , persecutions against the Catholic clergy , and significant military conquests abroad . Dogged by charges of corruption , the Directory collapsed in a coup led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799 . Napoleon , who became the hero of the Revolution through his popular military campaigns , went on to establish the Consulate and later the First Empire , setting the stage for a wider array of global conflicts in the Napoleonic Wars . The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution . Almost all future revolutionary movements looked back to the Revolution as their predecessor . Its central phrases and cultural symbols , such as La Marseillaise and Liberté , égalité , fraternité , became the clarion call for other major upheavals in modern history , including the Russian Revolution over a century later . The values and institutions of the Revolution dominate French politics to this day . The Revolution resulted in the suppression of the feudal system , the emancipation of the individual , the greater division of landed property , the abolition of the privileges of noble birth and the establishment of equality . The French Revolution differed from other revolutions in being not merely national , for it aimed at benefiting all humanity . Globally , the Revolution accelerated the rise of republics and democracies . It became the focal point for the development of all modern political ideologies , leading to the spread of liberalism , radicalism , nationalism , socialism , feminism , and secularism , among many others . The Revolution also witnessed the birth of total war by organising the resources of France and the lives of its citizens towards the objective of military conquest . Some of its central documents , like the Declaration of the Rights of Man , expanded the arena of human rights to include women and slaves , leading to movements for abolitionism and universal suffrage in the next century . | [
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Dopamine is a chemical. | Dopamine -LRB- DA , contracted from 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine -RRB- is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body . It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of its precursor chemical L-DOPA , which is synthesized in the brain and kidneys . Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals . In the brain , dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter -- a chemical released by neurons -LRB- nerve cells -RRB- to send signals to other nerve cells . The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways , one of which plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior . Most types of rewards increase the level of dopamine in the brain , and many addictive drugs increase dopamine neuronal activity . Other brain dopamine pathways are involved in motor control and in controlling the release of various hormones . These pathways and cell groups form a dopamine system which is neuromodulatory . Outside the central nervous system , dopamine functions primarily as a local chemical messenger . In blood vessels , it inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator -LRB- at normal concentrations -RRB- ; in the kidneys , it increases sodium excretion and urine output ; in the pancreas , it reduces insulin production ; in the digestive system , it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa ; and in the immune system , it reduces the activity of lymphocytes . With the exception of the blood vessels , dopamine in each of these peripheral systems is synthesized locally and exerts its effects near the cells that release it . Several important diseases of the nervous system are associated with dysfunctions of the dopamine system , and some of the key medications used to treat them work by altering the effects of dopamine . Parkinson 's disease , a degenerative condition causing tremor and motor impairment , is caused by a loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in an area of the midbrain called the substantia nigra . Its metabolic precursor L-DOPA can be manufactured , and in its pure form marketed as Levodopa is the most widely used treatment for the condition . There is evidence that schizophrenia involves altered levels of dopamine activity , and most antipsychotic drugs used to treat this are dopamine antagonists which reduce dopamine activity . Similar dopamine antagonist drugs are also some of the most effective anti-nausea agents . Restless legs syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder -LRB- ADHD -RRB- are associated with decreased dopamine activity . Dopaminergic stimulants can be addictive in high doses , but some are used at lower doses to treat ADHD . Dopamine itself is available as a manufactured medication for intravenous injection : although it can not reach the brain from the bloodstream , its peripheral effects make it useful in the treatment of heart failure or shock , especially in newborn babies . | [
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The Lo Nuestro Award for Regional Mexican Female Artist of the Year was won by Jenni Rivera. | Dolores Janney Rivera Saavedra -LRB- July 2 , 1969 -- December 9 , 2012 -RRB- , better known as Jenni Rivera , was an American singer , songwriter , actress , television producer , spokesperson , philanthropist and entrepreneur known for her work within the Banda and ranchera music genres . In life and death , several media outlets including CNN , Billboard , Fox News , and The New York Times have labeled her as the most important female figure and top selling female artist in the Mexican music genre . Billboard magazine named her the `` top Latin artist of 2013 '' , the `` best selling Latin artist of 2013 '' . Rivera began recording music in 1992 . Her recordings often had themes of social issues , infidelity , and relationships . Rivera released her first studio album , Si Quieres Verme Llorar , in the late 1990s , failing to attain commercial success ; however , she rose to prominence in the United States and Mexico with her major-label debut , Parrandera , Rebelde y Atrevida . In the early 2000s , she was often criticized and was refused bookings at venues across California for performing Banda music -- a male-dominated music genre . However , her popularity grew after she won the Lo Nuestro Award for Regional Mexican Female Artist of the Year in 2007 , which she won nine consecutive times . Her tenth studio album , Jenni -LRB- 2008 -RRB- became her first No. 1 record on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart in the United States . In 2010 , she appeared in and produced the reality TV show Jenni Rivera Presents : Chiquis & Raq-C . She also appeared in and produced I Love Jenni starting in 2011 through 2013 and Chiquis 'n Control in 2012 . Her acting debut was in the film Filly Brown , which was released in 2013 . Rivera garnered nominations and awards from Latin music 's most prestigious accolades . Over the course of her career she was awarded two Oye ! Awards -LRB- Mexico 's equivalent to the United States ' Grammy Awards -RRB- , two Billboard Music Awards , twenty-two Billboard Latin Music Awards , eleven Billboard Mexican Music Awards and eighteen Lo Nuestro Awards . She received four Latin Grammy nominations . She has a star on the Las Vegas Walk of Stars , and she is one of the best-selling regional Mexican artists of all time , having sold more than 20 million records worldwide . Aside from music , she was active in her community and donated her time to civic causes . The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence appointed her its spokesperson in the United States . A proclamation was given `` officially naming '' August 6 `` Jenni Rivera Day '' by the Los Angeles City Council for all her charity work and community involvement . Rivera , along with six others , died in a plane crash near Iturbide , Nuevo León on December 9 , 2012 . Her death made international headlines for weeks . In December 2014 , Mexican authorities closed the investigation on what brought the plane down . Mexican Director of Civil Aviation , Gilberto Gómez Meyer , stated that the results of the plane crash have come back inconclusive and that they are unable to determine the exact cause of the crash . Lawsuits involving the owners of the plane , Rivera 's estate , and family members of those on board with Rivera have been filed in The Superior Court of Los Angeles County . | [
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Muhammad was raised by his uncle. | Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd AllāhFull name : Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim -LRB- ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم , lit : Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim -RRB- -LRB- محمد -LSB- muħammad -RSB- ; Classical Arabic pronunciation c. 570 CE -- 8 June 632 CE -RRB- is the prophet of Islam and widely identified as its founder by non-Muslims . According to Islamic doctrine , he was God 's Messenger -LRB- rasūl Allāh -RRB- sent to confirm the essential teachings of monotheism preached previously by Adam , Abraham , Moses , Jesus , and other prophets . He is viewed as the final prophet of God in primary branches of Islam , though some modern denominations diverge from this belief.The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community considers Muhammad to be the `` Seal of the Prophets '' -LRB- Khātam an-Nabiyyīn -RRB- and the last law-bearing Prophet but not the last Prophet . See : There are also smaller sects which believe Muhammad to be not the last Prophet : The Nation of Islam considers Elijah Muhammad to be a prophet -LRB- source : African American Religious Leaders -- p. 76 , Jim Haskins , Kathleen Benson -- 2008 -RRB- . United Submitters International consider Rashad Khalifa to be a prophet . -LRB- Source : Daniel Pipes , Miniatures : Views of Islamic and Middle Eastern Politics , p. 98 -LRB- 2004 -RRB- -RRB- Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings , practices , and the Quran , formed the basis of Islamic religious belief . Born approximately 570CE -LRB- Year of the Elephant -RRB- in the Arabian city of Mecca , Muhammad was orphaned at an early age ; he was raised under the care of his paternal uncle Abu Talib . Periodically , he would seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer ; later , at age 40 , he reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave , where he stated he received his first revelation from God . Three years later , in 610 , Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly , proclaiming that `` God is One '' , that complete `` surrender '' -LRB- lit . islām -RRB- to him is the right course of action -LRB- dīn -RRB- , and that he was a prophet and messenger of God , similar to the other prophets in Islam . Muhammad gained few early followers , and met hostility from some Meccan tribes . To escape persecution , Muhammad sent some followers to Abyssinia before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina -LRB- then known as Yathrib -RRB- in the year 622 . This event , the Hijra , marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar , also known as the Hijri Calendar . In Medina , Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina . In December 629 , after eight years of intermittent conflict with Meccan tribes , Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca . The attack went largely uncontested and Muhammad seized the city with little bloodshed . In 632 , a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage , he fell ill and died . Before his death , most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam . The revelations -LRB- each known as Ayah , lit . `` Sign -LSB- of God -RSB- '' -RRB- , which Muhammad reported receiving until his death , form the verses of the Quran , regarded by Muslims as the `` Word of God '' and around which the religion is based . Besides the Quran , Muhammad 's teachings and practices -LRB- sunnah -RRB- , found in the Hadith and sira literature , are also upheld by Muslims and used as sources of Islamic law -LRB- see Sharia -RRB- . | [
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Amitabh Bachchan has won awards internationally. | Amitabh Harivansh Rai Shrivastava Bachchan -LRB- -LSB- əmɪˈtaːbʱ ˈbətʃːən -RSB- ; born 11 October 1942 -RRB- is an Indian film actor . He first gained popularity in the early 1970s for movies like Zanjeer and Deewaar , and was dubbed India 's first `` angry young man '' for his on-screen roles in Bollywood . Referred to as the `` Shahenshah of Bollywood '' , `` Star of the Millennium '' or `` Big B '' , he has since appeared in over 190 Indian films in a career spanning almost five decades . Bachchan is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema . So total was his dominance on the movie scene in the 1970s and 1980s that the French director François Truffaut called him a `` one-man industry . '' Bachchan has won numerous accolades in his career , including four National Film Awards as Best Actor and many awards at international film festivals and award ceremonies . He has won fifteen Filmfare Awards and is the most-nominated performer in any major acting category at Filmfare , with 41 nominations overall . In addition to acting , Bachchan has worked as a playback singer , film producer and television presenter . He has hosted several seasons of the game show , Kaun Banega Crorepati , India 's version of the game show franchise , Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? . He also had a stint in politics in the 1980s . The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri in 1984 , the Padma Bhushan in 2001 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2015 for his contributions to the arts . The Government of France honoured him with its highest civilian honour , Knight of the Legion of Honour , in 2007 for his exceptional career in the world of cinema and beyond . Bachchan made his Hollywood debut in 2013 with The Great Gatsby , in which he played a non-Indian Jewish character , Meyer Wolfsheim . | [
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Muhammad Ali's given name was Cassius Clay. | Muhammad Ali -LRB- -LSB- ɑːˈliː -RSB- born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. ; January 17 , 1942 -- June 3 , 2016 -RRB- was an American professional boxer and activist . He is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century . From early in his career , Ali was known as an inspiring , controversial , and polarizing figure both inside and outside the ring . Cassius Clay was born and raised in Louisville , Kentucky , and began training as an amateur boxer when he was 12 years old . At age 18 , he won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and turned professional later that year . At age 22 in 1964 , he won the WBA , WBC , and lineal heavyweight titles from Sonny Liston in a big upset . Clay then converted to Islam and changed his name from Cassius Clay , which he called his `` slave name '' , to Muhammad Ali . He set an example of racial pride for African Americans and resistance to white domination during the Civil Rights Movement . In 1966 , two years after winning the heavyweight title , Ali further antagonized the white establishment by refusing to be drafted into the U.S. military , citing his religious beliefs and opposition to American involvement in the Vietnam War . He was eventually arrested , found guilty of draft evasion charges , and stripped of his boxing titles . He successfully appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court , which overturned his conviction in 1971 , by which time he had not fought for nearly four years and thereby lost a period of peak performance as an athlete . Ali 's actions as a conscientious objector to the war made him an icon for the larger counterculture generation . Ali is regarded as one of the leading heavyweight boxers of the 20th century . He remains the only three-time lineal heavyweight champion , having won the title in 1964 , 1974 , and 1978 . Between February 25 and September 19 , 1964 , Ali reigned as the undisputed heavyweight champion . He is the only boxer to be named The Ring magazine Fighter of the Year six times . He was ranked as the greatest athlete of the 20th century by Sports Illustrated , the Sports Personality of the Century by the BBC , and the third greatest athlete of the 20th century by ESPN SportsCentury . Nicknamed `` The Greatest '' , he was involved in several historic boxing matches . Notable among these were the first Liston fight ; the `` Fight of the Century '' , `` Super Fight II '' , the `` Thrilla in Manila '' versus his rival Joe Frazier , and `` The Rumble in the Jungle '' versus George Foreman . At a time when most fighters let their managers do the talking , Ali thrived in and indeed craved the spotlight , where he was often provocative and outlandish . He was known for trash talking , and often freestyled with rhyme schemes and spoken word poetry , both for his trash talking in boxing and as political poetry for his activism , anticipating elements of rap and hip hop music . As a musician , Ali recorded two spoken word albums and a rhythm and blues song , and received two Grammy Award nominations . As an actor , he performed in several films and a Broadway musical . Additionally , Ali wrote two autobiographies , one during and one after his boxing career . As a Muslim , Ali was initially affiliated with Elijah Muhammad 's Nation of Islam -LRB- NOI -RRB- and advocated their black separatist ideology . He later disavowed the NOI , adhering initially to Sunni Islam and later to Sufism , and supporting racial integration , like his former mentor Malcolm X. After retiring from boxing in 1981 , Ali devoted his life to religious and charitable work . In 1984 , Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson 's syndrome , which his doctors attributed to boxing-related brain injuries . As the condition worsened , Ali made limited public appearances and was cared for by his family until his death on June 3 , 2016 , in Scottsdale , Arizona . | [
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Leicester City F.C. was the winner of a title. | Leicester City Football Club -LRB- -LSB- ˌlɛstər_ˈsɪti -RSB- -RRB- , also known as the Foxes , is an English professional football club based at the King Power Stadium in Leicester . They compete in the Premier League , England 's highest division of football , and are the former champions winning in the 2015-16 season . Having been promoted as champions of the Football League Championship in 2013 -- 14 , this signalled a return to the top flight of English football after a decade away . The club was founded in 1884 as Leicester Fosse F.C. , playing on a field near Fosse Road . They moved to Filbert Street in 1891 , were elected to the Football League in 1894 and adopted the name Leicester City in 1919 . They moved to the nearby Walkers Stadium in 2002 , which was renamed the King Power Stadium after a change of ownership in 2011 . Leicester City won the 2015 -- 16 Premier League , their first top-level football championship . They are one of only six clubs to have won the Premier League since its inception in 1992 . A number of newspapers described their title win as the greatest sporting upset ever , considering at the start of the season they were favourites to face relegation . Multiple bookmakers had never paid out at such long odds for any sport . Due to the magnitude of the club 's title win , it went down in English football history as one of the game 's finest ever achievements . The club 's previous highest ever finish was second place in the top flight , in Division One in 1928 -- 29 . Throughout Leicester 's history , they have spent all but one season within the top two leagues of English football . They hold a joint-highest seven second-tier titles -LRB- six Second Division and one Championship -RRB- . The club have been FA Cup finalists four times , in 1948 -- 49 , 1960 -- 61 , 1962 -- 63 and 1968 -- 69 . This is a tournament record for the most defeats in the final without having won the competition . City have several promotions to their name , two play-off final wins , and one League One title . In 1971 , they won the FA Community Shield , and in 2016 , they were runners up . They have also won the League Cup three times in 1964 , 1997 and 2000 , as well as being runners up in 1964 -- 65 and 1999 . In addition , Leicester City have competed in European football , with their appearances coming in the 1961 -- 62 European Cup Winners ' Cup , 1997 -- 98 UEFA Cup , 2000 -- 01 UEFA Cup , and most recently the 2016 -- 17 UEFA Champions League , reaching the quarter-finals of the competition in that year . | [
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